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Cc nhm vi khun ch yu

Vietsciences-Nguyn Ln Dng - Nguyn Kim N Tho 15/02/2006

Chng trnh Vi sinh vt hc


Dn bi: Phn loi x khun 1 Phn loi x khun 2

11- Phn loi x khun

X khun l nhm vi khun c bit. Chng c khun lc kh v a s c dng hnh phng x (act

khun th li c dng si phn nhnh nh nm (myces). V x khun c cu trc nhn nguyn thu nh m khun phn b rng ri trong t nhin. S lng n v sinh khun lc (CFU- colony-forming unit) x

khc, chiu ngang ca si cng nh nh vi khun, cho nn c ti liu gi chng l nm tia l khng

1g t thng t ti hng triu. Trn mi trng c a s x khun c hai koi khun ty: khun ty kh

mycelium) v khun ty c cht (substrate mycelium). Nhiu loi ch c khun ty c cht nhng cng c l

Sporichthya) li ch c khun ty kh sinh. Gia khun lc thng thy c nhiu bo t mng mng gi l

(conidia hay conidiospores). Nu bo t nm trong bo nang (sporangium) th c gi l nang bo t ha

(sporangiospores). Bo t x khun c sinh ra u mt s khun ty theo kiu hnh thnh cc vch n

Cc chui bo t trn c th ch l 1 bo t (nh Thermoactinomyces, Saccharomonospora, Promicro

Micromonospora, Thermomonosspora...),c th c 2 bo t (nh Microbispora), c th l chui ng

Nocardia, Pseudonocardia, Streptoverticillium, Sporichthya, Actinomadura, Microtetraspora, Strepto

Glycomyces, Amycolata, Amycolatopsis, Catellatospora, Microellobosporia...), c th l chui d

Streptomyces, Saccharopolyspora, Actinopolyspora, Kibdelosporangium, Kitasatosporia, Saccharothrix

Nocardia, Nocardioides, Pseudonocardia, Amycolatopsis, Streptoverticillium...), c th cc bo t tr

b si (synnema), tng t b si ca nm (nh Actinosynnema, Actinomadura...). Cc chui bo t c

c th xon, c th dng ln sng, c th mc n hay mc vng... Cc cung sinh bo t (sporophor khi tin hnh nh tn x khun.

sinh nang bo t (sporangiophorres) c th ring r, c th phn nhnh. Cc c im hnh thi ny rt

X khun thuc nhm vi khun Gram dng, thng c t l GC trong ADN cao hn 55%. Trong

1000 chi v 5000 loi sinh vt nhn s cng b c khong 100 chi v 1000 loi x khun. X khun p

yu trong t v ng vai tr rt quan trng trong chu trnh tun hon vt cht trong t nhin. Chng s

humic v cc cht hu c kh phn gii khc trong t. Mc d x khun thuc nhm sinh vt nhn s n t nh chi Streptosporangium, Micromonospora v bo t di ng nh chi Actinoplanes, Kineosporia.

thng sinh trng di dng si v thng to nhiu bo t. Thm ch mt s loi x khun cn hnh th

Trc y, v tr phn loi ca X khun lun l cu hi gy nhiu tranh lun gia cc nh Vi s

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