Giao Trinh Mathcad

GIO TRNH Mathcad
CHNG I: GII THIU Mathcad 2001i
CHNG I GII THIU Mathcad 2001i
I.
CC THAO TC CN THIT
I.1. Khi ng Mathcad 2001i
khi ng Mathcad 2001i, c th thc hin theo cc cch sau: Nhp p vo biu tng . Nhp vo nt Start/Mathsoft Apps/Mathcad 2001i professional.
I.2. Thot khi Mathcad 2001i

thot khi Mathcad 2001i, c th thc hin theo cc cch sau: Trn thanh menu : chn File/Exit. T bn phm : nhn Alt+F+X. . Nhp vo nt iu khin
I.3. Lu tr
I.3.1. Lu Worksheet vi tn mi
Khi va khi ng Mathcad 2001i, khi mun lu tr li hoc t file c mun lu tr li vi tn mi, bng cc cch sau: Trn thanh menu T bn phm : chn File/Save As : nhn t hp Alt+F+A
Mathcad 2001i s m ra hp thoi Save As (hnh 1.1) cho php t tn v chn ni lu tr, trong :
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Mc Save in Mc File name Mc Save as type
: chn th mc cn lu tr (hnh 1.1) chn th mc Mathcad 2001i. : ni t tn cho Worksheet. : cho php lu tr Worksheet theo cc phin bn ca Mathcad hoc dng Template,
Hnh 1.1. Hp thoi Save As
Sau , nhp vo nt Save (hoc g Enter) hon tt vic lu tr. I.3.2. Lu Worksheet c tn sn : nhp vo biu tng . : nhn t hp Ctrl+S (hoc Alt+F+S). : chn File/Save.
Trn thanh cng c chun T bn phm Trn thanh menu
I.4. M mt Worksheet
I.4.1. M mt Worksheet hon ton mi : nhp vo biu tng . : nhn t hp Ctrl+N (hoc Alt+F+N). : chn File/New.
Trn thanh cng c chun T bn phm Trn thanh menu
Sau , hp thoi New xut hin ( hnh 1.2)
KS. HUNH VNG THU MINH
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Hnh 1.2. Hp thoi New I.4.2. M mt Worksheet c sn
Trn thanh cng c chun : nhp vo biu tng . T bn phm : nhn t hp Ctrl+O (hoc Alt+F+O). Trn thanh menu : chn File/Open. Sau , xut hin Hp thoi Open nh hnh 1.3 Mc Look in : chn th mc c cha fie cn m. Mc File name : tn file cn m. Mc Files of type : c th m cc tp tin ca Mathcad vi cc ui *.mcd (cac Worksheet); *.mct (cac Template); *.hbk (sch gip ca Mathcad); *.* (hien th tat ca cac tap tin). Sau chn Open hon tt vic m mt tp tin.
Hnh 1.3. Hp thoi Open

GIO TRNH Mathcad
II. GII THIU GIAO DIN Mathcad 2001i

II.1. Thanh tiu (Title bar) ( hnh 1.4)
V tr : nm trn nh mn hnh, cho bit chng trnh ang chy l Mathcad 2001i, trang ang lm vic l [Untitled:1] (i vi tp tin cha c tn), [Tn tp tin] i vi tp tin c tn. Nt iu khin mn hnh : nm bn phi mn hnh Thanh Menu .
Thanh Tiu
Thanh cng c Math Thanh nh dng
Thanh Cng c chun
Vng son tho v tnh ton
Crosshair
Thanh Trng thi
Cc thanh cun
Hnh 1.4 Giao din Mathcad 2001i
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II.2.
Thanh thc n (menu bar) ( hnh 1.4 )
Trn thanh thc n (menu bar) c nhiu trnh n, khi mt trnh n c chn, th ngay lp tc mt thc n th (Full Down menu) (hnh 1.5) xut hin cho php chn lnh k tip. File : ngoi cc lnh tng t nh WORD, EXCEL, cn c cc lnh giao tip vi cc ngi dng Mathcad khc trn th gii thng qua mng Internet (Collaboratory) (hnh 1.5). Edit : im ni bt trong ny l xut hin cc mc Links, Object gip ngi s dng Mathcad c th trao i d liu vi cc i tng khc (hnh 1.6).
Full Down menu
Hnh.1.5. Chn trnh File trn thanh menu
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Hnh.1.6. Chn trnh Edit trn thanh menu Insert mc sau: Graph : chn vo cc loi th. Matrix : chn vo mt Vct hoc Ma trn. : chn vo nhng hm s c lp sn Function chn hn nh: sin, cos Unit : chn n v. Picture : chn vo mt hnh v. Math Region : chn mt vng trng nhp cng thc ton. Text Region : chn mt vng trng nhp vn bn. Page Break : chn ng phn trang. Reference : to mt lin kt vi mt tp tin Excel, Mathcad khc. Component : to mt lin kt vi mt tp tin Excel, Mathcad Oject : chn nh. Format : nh dng Text, Equation, th (hnh 1.8) Equation : nh dng cc dng thc ton hc v kiu ch, kch thc, mu sc, : Trong menu ny (hnh1.7) Mathcad cho php chn cc
Hnh.1.7
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Text di, Result
: nh dng cho vn bn v kiu ch, kch c, ch s trn, ch s : nh dng kt qu (hnh 1.9)
Properties Properties/Display : t mu vng c chn. Properties/Calculation/Disable Evaluation : xut hin hnh ch nht mu en pha trn, s khng th hin kt qu. Properties/Calculation/EnableOptimization : xut hin du sao , kch vo s th hin kt qu (hnh 1.10). Separate regions : tch ri cc vng chng ghp. Align Regions : canh hng ngang hng dc. Headers/Footers : to ta u trang v cui trang Hnh.1.8
Hnh 1.9. nh dng kt qu
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Hnh.1.10. Hp thoi Properties Math (hnh 1.11) Calculate : tnh mt biu thc khi c chn. Chc nng ny ch s dng khi khng nh du vo Automatic calculate trn thanh Math. Calculate Worksheet : cp nht ho tt c cc kt qu tnh ton hay v khi thay i bin cho ton b Worksheet. Automatic Calculate : t ng cp nht ho tt c cc kt qu khi thay i bin. Optimization : nh gi c lng, phn tch biu thc hoc chng trnh. Options : thay i cc tham s ca chng trnh. V d: Tnh biu thc vi bin x c cho nh sau:
x:= 4 a:= (x+1)2 - (x-1)2*
Nhp p du hoa th ta thy dng n gin hn ca biu thc.
Symbolics (hnh 1.12) Cc php ton v Symbolics: thiu k chng 3.
Cc lnh ny s c gii
Hnh.1.12 Window (hnh 1.13) Cascade : cc ca s xp chng ln nhau. Hnh.1.13

GIO TRNH Mathcad
Tile Horizontal Tile Vertical
: cc ca s xp thnh hng ngang k tip nhau. : cc ca s xp thnh hng dc k tip nhau. Help (hnh 1.14) Nhp vo tng mc, xut hin cc phn gip , c th m Resource Center xem cc Quicksheet, cc bng tin ch hoc m sch tra cu
Hnh.1.14
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II.3.
Thanh cng c chun (Standard Toolbar) (hnh 1.15)
Hnh.1.15. Thanh cng c chun (Standard Toolbar) Thanh cng c chun chun (Standard Toolbar) cho php thc hin cc thao tc bng biu tng (hnh 1.15) nh sau: : canh hng ngang, hng dc cc vng. : lit k tt c cc hm s c th chn vo Worksheet. : lit k tt c cc n v c th chn vo Worksheet. : lin kt mt Worksheet ca Mathcad vi nhng d liu ngun khc nh Word, Excel : to mt mi lin kt vi cc ngun ti liu khc do ngi s dng t lp nn. Khi s dng, ch cn kch p vo t no ca ti liu tc khc s xut hin ti liu khc c lin quan n n.
II.4.
Thanh nh dng (Formatting Toolbar) (hnh 1.16)
Hnh.1.16. Thanh nh dng (Format bar) Cho php nh dng i tng v: Kiu ch (Font), kch c (size), canh hng ngang, dc, ch s trn, di,
II.5.
Thanh cng c Math (Math Toolbar)

Calculator toolbar Graph toolbar Matrix toolbar Boolean toolbar Programming toolba Greek toolbar Symbolic toolbar
Hnh 1.17.Thanh Math
Evaluation toolbar Calculus toolbar
Thanh cng c Math chuyn dng tnh ton (hnh 1.17), khi nhp vo mi biu tng trn thanh cng c Math th xut hin ln lt cc bng sau:
GIO TRNH Mathcad
S hc (Calculator Tollbar). Bng la chn cc dng th (Graph Tollbar). Vc t v Ma trn (Vector and Matrix Tollbar). Bng cc ton t quan h (Evaluation Tollbar and Boolean Tollbar). Bng cc php ton v o hm, tch phn, gii hn,(Caculus Tollbar). Bng cc t kho lp chng trnh (Programming Tollbar). Bng cc mu k t Hy Lp (Greek Symbol Tollbar). Bng cc t kho Symbolic (Symbolic keyword Tollbar).
Hnh 1.18. Bng tnh thc hin cc php ton t thanh Math
II.6.
Thanh trng thi (Status bar) (hnh1.19 )
Hnh 1.19. Thanh trng thi
II.7. Vng son tho v tnh ton (region), hnh ch thp (crosshair) (hnh 1.4)
Vng son tho v tnh ton (mc nh). : c dng hnh ch nht mu trng
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Hnh ch thp mu (Crosshair) tng trn mn hnh.
: th hin v tr trnh by mt i
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III. NH DNG TRANG V IN

III.1. nh dng trang in
nh dng trang in, t thanh menu chn File/Page Setup xut hin hp thoi Page Setup (hnh 1.20).
Hnh 1.20. Hp thoi Page Setup Ti mc Paper size Orientation Portrait Orientation Landscape Margins v l inches (1in = 2.54cm). : chn kh giy. : chn kiu in trang ng. : chn kiu in trang ngang. : canh l tri, phi, trn, di. Mc nh n
III.2. In t Mathcad
in trong Mathcad, thc hin theo cc cch sau: T thanh menu T bn phm
: chn File/Print : nhn t hp Ctrl+P.

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Xut hin hp thoi Print (hnh 1.21). Hp thoi ny cho php chn my in, chn kiu in nh ( in tt c), (in trang hin hnh). (chn trang in), (in phn c chn),
Hnh 1.21. Hp thoi Print
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CHNG II: NHP K T V CNG THC
CHNG II NHP K T V CNG THC TRN Mathcad 2001i
I.
I.1.
NHP K T
La chn thuc tnh cho k t
Trn thanh menu : chn Format/Style, xut hin hp thoi Text Style (hnh 2.1).
Hnh 2.1. Hp thoi Text Style C th chn New t tn cho mt ln la chn (nu mun s dng nhiu kiu ch - Style), hoc nu mun mc nh th chn Normal/Modify xut hin hp thoi Define Style (hnh 2.2).
Hnh 2.2. Hp thoi Define Style

GIO TRNH Mathcad
Trong hp thoi Define Style Format (hnh 2.3).
: chn
, xut hin hp thoi Text
Hnh 2.3. Hp thoi Text Format Trong hp thoi Text Format cho php la chn cc thuc tnh cho k t, sau chn OK/Close hon tt cng vic. Khi trn thanh nh dng (Formatting Toolbar) s thay i (hnh 2.4).
Hnh 2.4. Thanh Formatting Toolbar sau khi nh dng Style
I.2. To vng k t
Mun to vng k t, thc hin theo cc bc sau: Kch con tr chut ti v tr mun t k t. Trn thanh menu Hoc t bn phm : nhn Insert/Text Region. : nhn .
Khi khung k t hin trn mn hnh , tin hnh nhp k t, mun xung dng th nhn Enter, mun thot nhn tr chut ngoi khung k t (hnh 2.5).
Hnh 2.5. Khung k t

GIO TRNH Mathcad
Lu : thao tc c nhanh, ch cn kch tr chut ti vng mun th hin k t, nh bnh thng cui cng s dng thanh Spacebar, chui k t t ng chy vo khung k t.
II. X L K T
II.1. Sao chp k t
Sau khi chn i tng, thc hin vic sao chp theo cc cch sau: Trn thanh menu Trn thanh cng c chun T bn phm : chn Edit/Copy. : nhp vo biu tng : nhn t hp Ctrl+C. .
II.2.
Ct k t
Sau khi chn i tng, thc hin vic ct k t theo cc cch sau: Trn thanh menu Trn thanh cng c T bn phm : chn Edit/Cut. : nhp vo biu tng : nhn t hp Ctrl+X. .
II.3.
Dn k t
Sau khi chn v tr cn dn i tng, thc hin theo cc cch sau: Trn thanh menu Trn thanh cng c T bn phm : chn Edit/Pase. : nhp vo biu tng : nhn t hp Ctrl+V. .
II.4.
Xo chui k t
Kch chn khung k t cn xo: Xo k t nm bn tri im chn Xo k t nm bn phi im chn Xo tt c cc khung k t : nhn Bksp ( : nhn Delete. : chn Edit/Select All (nhn trl+A). ).
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II.5.
Mun ghi chng k t
Kch tr chut ngay bn tri ca k t u tin mun ghi chng: Nhn phm Insert bt u nhp ni dung mi. Nhn li phm Insert tr li ch mc nh ban u.
II.6.
Chn cng thc vo chui k t
Kch tr chut ti ni mun chn cng thc, sau c th thc hin theo cc cch sau: Trn thanh menu : chn Insert/Math Region. T bn phm : nhn t hp Ctrl+Shift+A.
Xut hin khung trng nhp cng thc, kch chut vo mt ch bt k trong vng vn bn tr v ch nhp k t.
II.7.
Kt ni
Mun kt ni mt tp tin bt k, thc hin theo cc bc sau: Chn i tng mun kt ni. Trn thanh menu : chn Insert/Hyperlink (hoc nhn Ctrl+K), xut hin hp thoi Insert Hyperlink (hnh 2.6). Chn tm file cn kt ni.
Mun file kt ni dng Pop-up th kch vo mc Display as pop-up document. Mun s dng a ch tng i, kch vo mc Use relative path for hyperlink. Mun th hin ch thch thanh trng thi, nh vo mc Message that appears Cui cng chn OK.
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Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi Insert Hyperlink Khi mun m file kt ni, ch cn kch p vo i tng c kt ni.
II.8.
Tm v thay th
II.8.1. Tm k t Thc hin theo cc cch sau: Trn thanh menu T bn phm : chn Edit/Find : nhn t hp Ctrl+F
Xut hin hp thoi Find (hnh 2.7)
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi Find Trong khung Find what nhp chui k t cn tm. Nhn Find Next thc hin vic tm k t.
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II.8.2. Thay th k t Thc hin theo cc cch sau: Trn thanh menu T bn phm : chn Edit/Replace : nhn t hp Ctrl+F
Xut hin hp thoi Replace (hnh 2.8)
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi Replace Trong khung Find what Trong khung Replace with Th Replace Th Replace All Th Find Next : nhp chui k t mun tm. : nhp chui k t mun thay th. : ch thay th mt k t hin hnh. : thay th ton b k t hin hnh. : tm k t k tip thay th.
II.9.
Kim tra li chnh t
Thc hin theo cch sau: Chn k t mun kim tra li. Trn thanh menu : chn Edit/Check Spelling
Xut hin hp thoi Check Spelling (hnh 2.9)
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Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi Check Spelling Trong khung Not Found Trong khung Change To Lu : Trng hp t thay th trong t in b thiu, c th thm t mi vo t in. : xut hin t b li. : xut hin t thay th.
II.10.
Son tho ni dung ca phn trang tnh dnh nhp s liu
Mi loi s liu nn nhp vo mt bng ring hoc mt phn ring trn trang tnh. Trong trang ny nn c cc s hoc hnh v gii thch ngha ca cc s liu c nhp. to cc hnh v, c th s dng AutoCAD hay Paint chn vo trang tnh ca Mathcad.
II.11.
Son tho ni dung ca phn trang tnh dnh xut kt qu
Cch son tho ni dung trang tnh dnh xut kt qu cng ging nh khi son tho trang tnh dnh nhp s liu. Kt qu xut ra cng cn phn loi v xp vo tng bng theo nhm ngha d theo di. Km theo bng kt qu nn c cc hnh v minh ho, c th s dng phn ho trong Mathcad v bng s liu thc. Nh vy khi s liu thay i th gi tr v biu hnh v s thay i theo. Hoc c th dng AutoCAD hay Paint, nhng n ch thun tu l hnh v minh ho ch khng m t c kt qu thc.
II.12.
Son tho ni dung trang tnh dnh lu tr c s d liu
Trong qu trnh tnh ton c th s dng nhng bng tra, hoc bng s liu t Excel, th c son sn... tt c c xem l c s d liu dng tra cu, ni suy hay c s liu
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Nu khng mun lu tr c lp vi Mathcad, c th chp n vo trang nm bn phi trang in trong Mathcad. Khi khng cn nh dng trang ny v n s khng c in. Trng hp c mt s cng thc tnh ton hoc lp trnh khi khng mun cho ngi s dng phn mm nhn thy hoc khng mun in ra, thc hin theo cc bc nh sau: Chn Insert/Area chn vng cn kho (lock). Kch nt phi chut vo vng cn kho xut hin menu th v chn Lock Trong hp thoi Lock Area, g vo Password. Chn OK hon tt vic kho.
III. NHP CNG THC

t con tr chut ti ch bt u g cng thc, sau t bn phm c th g cc k t, con s hoc cc ton t nh cng (+), tr (-), nhn (*), chia (/), hoc c th dng thanh cng c Math ( c gii thiu chng 1). Khi nhp cng thc tnh ton, ta s thy chng nm trong khung cng vi ng ch mu xanh bit theo di l k t no ang c x l.
III.1.
Chn cc k hiu ton t
chn ton t vo biu thc: Kch vo biu thc mun chn. Nhn phm Ins di chuyn im chn sang tri. Nhn phm ton t mun chn.
III.2.
Xo cc k hiu ton t
xo cc k hiu ton t: Kch vo biu thc mun xo. Nhn phm Ins chuyn im chn sang tri. Nhn phm BkSp ( ).
III.3.
Xo ton b cng thc

Kch chn cng thc mun xo. Trn thanh menu : nhn Edit/Delete.
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III.4. Thm du ngoc n vo biu thc

ng ngoc mt i tng duy nht: t con tr chut trc hoc sau i tng. T bn phm : nhn du nhy n ().
ng ngoc nhiu i tng: t con tr vo trc i tng v nhn phm du ngoc m ( ( ). t con tr chut vo sau i tng v nhn phm du ngoc ng ( ) ).
III.5.
Nhp cc con s
a. Nhp cc s ln hn 999 Khi nhp cc con s ln hn 999, khng c dng du phy (,) hoc du chm (.) phn cch cc con s m phi nh lin tc. V d: 10000 hoc 200000 b. Nhp s thp phn Khi nhp cc s thp phn, dng du chm (.) phn bit s thp phn. c. Nhp con s tng theo bi s 10 Nhp s cn tng theo bi s ca 10. T bn phm : nhn a*10^ s xut hin a 10 . Trong khung trng hnh ch nht, nh con s tng ng vi bi s 10.
d. Nhp s o nhp s o: nh s thc. nh i hoc j ngay sau cc s . Lu : Nu mun th hin s o l i hoc j ta phi nh l 1i hoc 1jsau s 1 s bin mt. Nu ch nh i hoc j th n hiu l mt bin ch khng phi s o.
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III.6. nh ngha bin

trnh nhm ln cc tn bin, tt nht nn chn tn bin ging nh tn bin cn tnh ton. V d: Tnh h s bin ng Cv (trong tnh ton Thy vn)
Cv := ( ki 1) n1
2
Nh vy lc ny Cv l mt bin trong Mathcad.
III.7. nh ngha hm
Bn cht ca hm trong Mathcad cng ging nh hm trong ton hc. Trong Mathcad c tt c cc tnh nng nh mt chng trnh ton hc. Do tnh c hm thc hin theo cc bc sau: Khai bo bin. Khai bo hm. Kt qu. V d:
Khai bao bien : Khai bao ham : Ket qua :
q := 0.5 T m L := 10m L RB := q 2 RB = 2.5T
L RA := q 2 RA = 2.5T
III.8.
Bng k mt s t hp phm bm ca Mathcad

Hin th e i % Ch gii V cng S Pi C s e S o i Phn trm
Phm bm Ctrl+Shift+Z Ctrl+Shift+P e 1i %
Thao Tc Trn Cc Ca S V Worksheets

Phm bm Ctrl+F4 Ctrl+F6 Ctrl+O Alt+F4 Hin th Ch gii ng Worksheet Qua ca s k tip M Worksheet That
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Ctrl+Q F1 F5 F6 F7 F9 Shift+F1 Esc
That M ca s gip M Worksheet Lu Worksheet To Worksheet mi Tnh mt biu thc c chn M hoc thot ca s gip Thot ca s gip
Phm Tt Cho Son Tho

Phm bm Enter Delete Ctrl+F5 Shift+F5 Alt+BkSp Ctrl+C Ctrl+V Ctrl+X Ctrl+U Hin th Ch gii Chn mt hng trng Xa hng trng Tm chui t li chui Phc hi li son tho sau cng Copy Dn Ct Chn hp thoi n v
To Php Tan
Phm bm ! $ & ' ( ) * + , ; < > ?
[ \
Hin th !
Ch gii Giai tha Tng dy Tch phn

Du ngoc M ngoc ng ngoc Nhn Cng Tch cc i s ca hm s Cho dy s Du tr Nh hn Ln hn o hm cp 1
Thnh phn ca vc t hoc ma trn Cn bc hai
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( )
( ) . +
, ..
< >
d d
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^ | Ctrl+1 Ctrl+3 #
Ctrl+4 Ctrl+9 Ctrl+0 Ctrl+8 Ctrl+Ctrl+= Ctrl+6 Ctrl+Shift+4
Ctrl+Shift+3 Ctrl+Shift+? Ctrl+\ Ctrl+Enter
Ly tha Gi tr tuyt i, nh thc ma trn Php hon chuyn Khng bng Tch mt dy
Tng cc thnh phn ca vct
Nh hn hoc bng Ln hn hoc bng Tch c hng Vct ha Bng Trch ct ca ma trn Tng
Tch o hm cp n Cn bc n Xung dng (nu dng tnh qu di)
d d
...
Cc Php Ton Symbolic

Phm bm Ctrl+I Ctrl+L Ctrl+Shift +A Ctrl+Shift +B Hin th

Ch gii Nguyn hm Gii hn
lim lim
Gii hn bn phi Gii hn bn tri
lim
Phm To Mt Vng
Phm bm @ Ctrl+5 Ctrl+7 Ctrl+2 Hin th Ch gii V th trong mt phng V contour V trong ta cc V b mt ma trn
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Ctrl+G Ctrl+M Ctrl+ Shift +P Ctrl+ Shift +Z
i k t Roman sang Hylap v ngc li To ma trn hoc vc t Chn k hiu s Pi Chn k hiu v cc
IV. N V O LNG TRONG MATHCAD

Trong Mathcad n v mc nh l h SI (International System of Units). Mathcad c kh nng tm n v tiu chun khi tnh ton v t ng thay i n v tnh ton. Cho nn khng c g ngc nhin khi bn nh ngha n v ca bin l Tone (tn) th trong qu trnh tnh ton Mathcad t ng chuyn qua n v l Kilogram (kg). Nu bn mun kt qu c th hin bng n v l T, thc hin nh sau: Kch vo kt qu c n v mun iu chnh, s xut hin khung ch nht mu en ngay sau n v. G vo n v mun c th hin. V d:
Kt qu:
q := 0.5 T m L := 10m RA = 2.5T T 1000kg .
L RA := q 2
Lu : Trc phi nh ngha:
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CHNG III: MATHCAD VI I S V S HC
CHNG III MATHCAD VI I S V S HC

I. TNH TON VI SYMBOLICS T THANH CNG C CHUN
Hnh 3.1. Trnh n Symbolics trn menu bar Symbolics/Evaluate/Symbolically : xut gi tr biu thc di dng k hiu. V d: Tnh (2a-1) + 3a Chn biu thc T thanh cng c chun : nhn Symbolically/Evaluate/Symbolically (hoc nhn Shift + F9). Kt qu : 5a-1 Symbolics/Evaluate/foating Point: xut gi tr biu thc di dng s thc ng. V d: Tnh 1 +
1 3
Chn biu thc. Chn Symbolically/Evaluate/Foating Point, xut hin hp thoi Floating Point Evaluation (hnh 3.2).
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Trong th Floating Point Precision mc nh l 20, c th thay i tu thch, sau chn OK. Kt qu : 1.33333333333333333333. Symbolics/Evaluate/Complex : xut gi tr biu thc di dng s phc. V d: Tnh
2i + 1
Chn biu thc T thanh cng c chun Kt qu Symbolics/Simplify Symbolics/Expand V d: :
: nhn Symbolics/Evaluate/Complex
: n gin biu thc. : khai trin biu thc c chn.
Symbolics/Factor nhn t. V d:
: khai trin biu thc c chn, phn tch thnh
Symbolics/Collect V d:
: sp xp theo lu tha ca bin.
z2 - xz + x2z2 + 2z -1 cho kt qu (x2+1)z2+(-x+2)z-1 Symbolics/Polynomial Coefficient V d: (1-x)(x2+2) -3x -1 cho kt qu: : tm cc h s ca a thc.
Lu : Sau khi n gin biu thc n s sp xp cc h s theo th t t di ln trn. Symbolics/Variable/Solve V d:

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: giai phng trnh.
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Symbolics/Variable/Substitute V d:
: tnh biu thc theo biu thc con.
Tnh U2 +U vi U= x+1 Cho kt qu (x-1)2 + x -1 Symbolics/Variable/ Differentiate V d: : tnh o hm.
Symbolics/Variable/Integrate : tnh nguyn hm. V d:
Symbolics/Variable/ Expand to series V d:
: khai trin chui.
Symbolics/Variable/Convert to Partial Fraction : phn tch cc phn thc n gin hn c mu bc nht. V d:
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
II. TNH TON VI SYMBOLICS T THANH CNG C MATH
Hnh 3.3. Bng Symbolics t thanh Math : Symbolics Evaluation V d:
: Symbolics Keyword Evaluation (g biu thc km t kho).

: la chn cc iu kin b sung t bng Modifier (hnh 3.4).
Hnh 3.4. Bng Modifier : cho kt qu l s thc vi phn thp phn tu chn. V d:
: cho kt qu l s phc. : to gi thuyt cho bin. : gii phng trnh cho kt qu dng Symbolics.
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
V d:
: n gin mt biu thc. V d:
: tnh mt biu thc theo mt biu thc con. V d:
: phn tch thnh nhn t ca mt biu thc. V d:
: khai trin mt biu thc di dng lu tha, tch, tng. V d:
: trch cc h s ca a thc theo bin la chn. V d:
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
: sp xp a thc theo bin chn. V d:
: khai trin thnh chui Taylor cc hm s. V d:
: phn tch mt biu thc thnh cc tng phn s n gin hn. V d:
: khai trin hm s dng fourier. : khai trin hm s dng laplace. : khai trin dng z- transform ca mt hm s. : bin i ngc dng fourier. : php bin i ngc dng laplace. : php bin i ngc dng z- transform.
III. LM TON TRN SYMBOLICS MENU V MATH PALETTE

III.1. Khai trin biu thc
Mathcad cho php bn khai trin biu thc s hoc ch. V d: Khai trin biu thc Cch 1: Kch chn biu thc mun khai trin. T thanh cng c : nhn Symbolics/Expand. Kt qu
( 1 + x)
4
1 + 4 x + 6 x + 4 x + x
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
Lu : Theo mc nh, kt qu khai trin s nm bn di biu thc c khai trin. Nu mun kt qu khai trin nm ngang vi biu thc thc hin theo cch sau: T thanh cng c : nhn Symbolics/Evaluation Style/ Hrizontally, xut hin hp thoi Evaluation Style (hnh 3.5). Th hin du bng nhn (Shift+) hoc nhn Insert/Text Region v g vo du bng (=). Kt qu :
( 1 + x)
4 2 3 4 = 1 + 4 x + 6 x + 4 x + x
Hnh 3.5. Hp thoi Evaluation Style Cch 2: Kch chn biu thc mun khai trin T thanh Math : kch vo biu tng (hnh 3.3). T bng Symbolics : kch vo nt lnh Kt qu qu. :
4
, xut hin bng symbolics
( 1 + x) expand 1 + 4 x + 6 x + 4 x + x
Lu : nu mun thay i biu thc ang tnh th ch c cch 2 l cp nht kt
III. 2.
tnh V d:
Rt gn biu thc
Rt gn biu thc (Simplify), tng t nh khai trin biu thc cng c 2 cch
2 2 2
a. Rt gn biu thc Kt qu cch 1 Kt qu cch 2 b. Rt gn biu thc
: : :
( x + 1)
2
sin ( x) + cos ( x)
2
sin ( x) + cos ( x)
2
=1
sin ( x) + cos ( x) simplify 1
iu kin x>0 v , g vo iu kin

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Chn biu thc cn rt gn T bng Symbolics : kch vo

GIO TRNH Mathcad

( x + 1)
2
simplify
Kt qu
x+ 1 assume , x > 0
III. 3.
Trc cn thc mu
trc cn thc mu, s dng hm factor. V d:

1
Trc cn thc Kt qu cch 1 Kt qu cch 2
: : :
3+ 3+
4+ 1 4+
3
5
= 22
3 3 22
1 11
3 5 + 1 11
2 11
1 22 2 11
5 + 1 22 5
1 3+ 4+ 5
factor
3 5 +
IV. CC PHP TNH GII HN, O HM V TCH PHN

Kch chn thanh Calculus t thanh cng c Math (Hnh 3.6)
Hnh 3.6.Thanh Calculus : o hm cp 1 V d: Tnh o hm cp 1 ca hm f(x) = 2x3 + 3x
: o hm cp n V d: Tnh o hm cp 2 ca hm f(x) = 2x3 + 3x
: tnh gii hn V d:
: tnh gii hn bn phi
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
V d:
: tnh gii hn bn tri V d:
, V d:
: tnh tch phn gii hn v tch phn suy rng
: tnh tng nhiu s V d:
: tnh tch nhiu s V d:
BI TP CHNG 3
1. n gin cc biu thc sau:
x2 3 4 + 2x 5 x4
2. Khai trin biu thc sau:
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
3. n gin biu thc c iu kin: a.
(a 1)2
a2
, iu kin a>1
b.
( x 1) 2 ( x 1) 2 , iu kin x<-1
4. Phn tch thnh nhn t:
5. Gii cc phng trnh v bt phng trnh:
6. Tnh o hm cp 1 ca nhng hm s sau:
7. Cho hm s: f ( x) := x 4 2 x 2 1 Tm x khi o hm cp 2 ca f(x)>0 8. Tnh gii hn cc hm s sau:
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
CHNG IV: VC T V MA TRN
CHNG IV
VC T V MA TRN
I.
I.1.
TO MT VC T V CC PHP TNH VC T
To mt Vc t
Vc t l mt dy sp xp ngay ngn (hay Ma trn ch c mt ct). to mt Vc t trong Mathcad, thc hin theo cc cch sau: Trn thanh menu Trn thanh Math T bn phm : chn Insert/Matrix : nhp vo biu tng : nhn t hp Ctrl+M
Xut hin hp thoi Insert Matrix (hnh3.1).
Hnh 3.1. Hp thoi Insert Matrix Trong khung Rows chn s dng tng ng. Trong khung Columns chn s ct tng ng.
Chn OK, xut hin , nhp s cn thit vo s c mt Vc t
mong mun.
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
I.2.
Tnh ton vi vct

a. Tch ca hai Vc t (Dot product) Tnh v hng ca hai Vc t Kch vo biu tng V d:
1 u := 2 3 4 v := 5 6
u v = 32
(hnh 3.4), xut hin
Nhp tn hai Vc t mun tnh.
Tnh c hng ca hai Vc t Kch vo biu tng V d: (hnh 3.4), xut hin
b. Giao ca hai Vc t (Cross product) Kch vo biu tng

V d:
1 u := 2 3 4 v := 5 6 3 u v= 6 3
(hnh 3.4), xut hin
c. Tng ca mt Vc t (vector sum) Kch vo biu tng (hnh 3.4), xut hin Nhp tn Vc t mun tnh. V d:
4 v := 5 6
v = 15
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
I.3.
Tnh kch c ca Vct

Hm length (v) Hm last (v) V d: : cho bit Vc t c bao nhiu phn t. : cho bit th t ca phn t cui cng.
1 v := 2 3
length ( v) = 3 last ( v) = 3
I.4.
To mt bng gi tr ca hm s
V d:
Cho ham so: low := 1 n := 15 r := low , low r =
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
f ( j ) := j + 1 high := 15 low high n1 f ( r) =

2 5 10 17 26 37 50 65 82 101 122 145 170 197 226
.. high
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
V d: To bng gi tr cc khong chia khng theo mt th t no.

i := 1 .. 5 xi := 1 1.2 0.5 3.5 2.5 Mi := xi + 2 Mi =
3 3.2 2.5 5.5 4.5
Lu : Kt qu ln mn hnh ch th hin ti a 15 phn t. Trng hp ln hn 15 phn t khi kch p vo bng gi tr, xut hin bng tr s s dng thanh trt s thy tt c cc kt qu.
II. TO MT MA TRN V TNH TON VI MA TRN

II.1. To mt Ma trn
Thc hin ging nh cch to mt Vc t nu Ma trn c t hn 10 dng v 10 ct hoc thc hin theo cch sau:
V V
1, 1 2, 1
:= 0 := 3
V V
1, 2 2, 2
:= 1 := 4
V V
1, 3 2, 3
:= 2 := 5 V=
0 1 2 3 4 5
Lu : Mathcad s t gi tr 0 cho tt c cc phn t m bn khng nh ngha. V d:

V
2, 1
:= 3
2, 2
:= 4
2, 3
:= 5
V=
0 0 0 3 4 5
Tuy nhin cch trn khng tin, mt nhiu thi gian nhp s liu. Khi Ma trn c nhiu hn 100 phn t, thc hin theo cc cch sau:
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
Ni cc mng nh li vi nhau. c t tp tin d liu. Dng bin chy. To bng d liu nhp. V d: To mt Ma trn bng cch dng bin chy.
i := 0 .. 3 Xi , j := i +
2
j := 0 .. 3 j 2 1 2 5 1.5 2.5 5.5
0 1 X= 4 9
0.5 1.5 4.5
9.5 10 10.5
V d: To mt Ma trn vi cc gi tr ca hm s.
f ( x , y) := x + y
2 2
- Nhap iem au va iem cuoi cua day bien xlow := 2 ylow := 1 xhigh := 2 yhigh := 2
- Nhap so chia day cac phan t xn := 5 i := 1 .. xn

j := 1 .. yn
yn := 6 xind i := xlow + i
yind j := ylow + j
xhigh xlow xn 1
yhigh ylow yn 1
Mi , j := f xind i , yind j
)
2.96 1.96 2.96 5.96 5 4 5 7.76 6.76 7.76
1.16 0.16 M = 1.16 4.16 9.16
1.04 1.64 0.04 0.64 1.04 1.64 4.04 4.64
8 10.76
9.04 9.64 10.96 13 15.76

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GIO TRNH Mathcad
CHNG IV: VCT V MA TRN
II.2
Hiu chnh Ma trn
II.2.1. Xo ct (hoc hng) ca Ma trn xo mt ct (hoc hng) hay nhiu ct (hoc nhiu hng) ca Ma trn, thc hin nh sau: Kch vo phn t ct (hoc hng) mun xo. T hp thoi Insert Matrix (hnh 3.1) ch r s ct (hng) mun xo. Kch nt Delete. V d: Cho Ma trn sau:
1 3 C := 5 7
2 4 6 8
xo ct u tin ca Ma trn C : ti mc Rows chn gi tr 0, ti mc Columns chn gi tr 1 (hnh 3.2).
Hnh.3.2. Hp thoi Insert Matrix xo dng th hai ca Ma trn C : ti mc Rows chn gi tr 2, ti mc Columns chn gi tr 0 (hnh 3.3).
Hnh 3.3
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
II.2.2. Thm ct (hoc hng) vo Ma trn thm mt ct (hoc hng) hay nhiu ct (hoc hng) vo Ma trn, thc hin nh sau: Kch vo phn t trong ct (hoc hng), im chn s nm bn phi (i vi ct) v bn di (i vi hng). G s ct (hoc hng) mun chn vo. Chn Insert. II.3. Tnh ton vi Ma trn s xut hin cc la chn tnh ton
T thanh Math, kch vo biu tng cho Ma trn v c Vc t (hnh 3.4).
Hnh 3.4 a. Subscripts (ch s di) Xc nh tr s di ca Ma trn. Cho Ma trn M. xc nh cc ch s di. Kch vo biu tng
1 2 3 M := 4 5 6 7 8 9
M M
1, 1 2, 1
=1 =4
M M
1, 2 2, 2
=2 =5
M M
1, 3 2, 3
=3 =6
Thay i ch s di ca Ma trn.
:= 0
1, 1
0 2 3 M = 4 5 6 7 8 9
1
b. Ma trn nghch o (Inverse) Kch vo biu tng , xut hin Nhp tn Ma trn mun th hin.
0 2 3 M := 4 5 6 7 8 9
1
1 1 2 2 7 4 = 1 4.667 2.667
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
c. Tnh nh thc ca Ma trn (Determinant) Kch vo biu tng , xut hin Nhp tn Ma trn mun tnh nh thc.
0 2 3 M := 4 5 6 7 8 9
M =3
d. Trch mt ct t mt Ma trn (Matrix column) Kch vo biu tng , xut hin . Nhp tn Ma trn v ct mun trch ra.
0 2 3 M := 4 5 6 7 8 9
1
0 = 4 7
. Ma trn chuyn v (Matrix transpose) Kch vo biu tng , xut hin Nhp tn Ma trn mun tnh.
0 2 3 M := 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 4 7 M = 2 5 8 3 6 9
T T
III. X L MNG
III.1. Ni cc mng
Hm stack (A,B,C) dng ni hai hay nhiu Ma trn vi nhau theo hng t trn xung di. Hm augment (A,B,C) dng ni hai hay nhiu Ma trn vi nhau theo hng t tri qua phi. V d:
1 7 1 M := 5 8 2 6 9 3
1 2 A := 3 7 4 9
1 2 B := 3 7 4 9
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
1 3 4 stack( A , B) = 1 3 4
III.2. Tch cc mng
2 7 9 2 7 9
1 7 1 1 2 augment M , A) = 5 8 2 3 7 ( 6 9 3 4 9
Hm submatrix (M,ir,jr,ic,jc) dng tch nh cc mng. Trong : - M l Ma trn. - ir l s dng bt u tch. - ij l s dng kt thc tch. - ic l s ct bt u tch. - jc l s ct kt thc tch. V d:
1 7 1 5 8 2 M := 6 9 3 1 2 3 4 5 5
III.3.
4 4 3 3 2 3 4 3
1 7 1 submatrixM , 1 , 2 , 1 , 3) = ( 5 8 2
6 8
Tnh kch c ca Ma trn

Hm rows (M) Hm cols (M) : cho bit Ma trn c bao nhiu hng. : cho bit Ma trn c bao nhiu ct.
V d:
1 2 3 4 M := 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
rows ( M) = 3 cols ( M) = 4
III.4.
Cc hm tnh cc tr ca Ma trn
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
Hm max(A,B,C) Hm min(A,B,C) V d:
: cho bit phn t ln nht trong cc Ma trn. : cho bit phn t nh nht trong cc Ma trn.
1 2 A := 3 4 5 6
2 3 B := 4 5 6 7
3 4 C := 5 6 7 8
max ( A , B , C) = 8 min ( A , B , C) = 1
III.5.
Hm dng to mt mng mi
Hm matrix (m,n,f)
Trong : - m l s dng ca Ma trn. - n l s ct ca Ma trn. - f l hm s ca hai bin. V d:

F ( x , y) := x + y m := 10
2 2
n := 12
M := matrix m , n , F) (
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 2 1 2 5 10 17 26 37 50 65 82 3 4 5 8 13 20 29 40 53 68 85 4 9 10 13 18 25 34 45 58 73 90 5 16 17 20 25 32 41 52 65 80 6 25 26 29 34 41 50 61 74 7 36 37 40 45 52 61 72 85 8 49 50 53 58 65 74 9 64 65 68 73 80 10 81 82 85 90 97
M=
89 106
85 100 117 98 113 130
89 100 113 128 145
97 106 117 130 145 162
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
III.6.
Mt s hm tm kim
Hm lookup(z,M,N) Hm vlookup(z,M,c)
Hm hlookup(z,M,r) Trong : - z l gi tr ca phn t thuc ct (hoc hng) u tin. - M, N l Ma trn. - c, r l gi tr phn t c tr v t ct (hoc hng) tng ng. V d:
11 M := 6 11
2 7
3 8
4 2
4 10
12 13 14 15
0 N := 6 11
2 1
4 10
13 4
19 17 14 15
M1 := hlookup( 4 , M , 3) M2 := vlookup( 11 , M , 4) M3 := lookup( 12 , M , N)
14 M1 =
15 14
4 M2 =
M3 = ( 19 )
IV. HIN TH MA TRN V VC T

Kt qu khi x l s liu Ma trn thng c th hin theo hai dng sau: - Nu mng c t hn 100 phn t, kt qu c hin th di dng Ma trn thng thng. - Nu mng c nhiu hn 100 phn t, kt qu c hin th di dng bng c thanh trt, kch vo thanh trt xem nhng phn t b che khut. Tuy nhin nu mun th hin kt qu di dng bng trong trng hp c t hn 100 phn t, thc hin nh sau: T thanh menu Format (hnh 3.5). Chn th Chn OK. . : chn Format/Result, xut hin hp thoi Result
Ti mc Matrix display style chn Table.
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
Hnh 3.5. Hp thoi Result Format V d:
1 Cho Ma tran B := 4 7
Ket qua
0 1 4 2 6
2 3 5 6 8 9
Tnh
M := B 2
M=
0 1 2
8 10 12 14 16 18
V.
THAY I MC NH
Hnh 3.6. Math Options

GIO TRNH Mathcad
Trong mt Vc t hay Ma trn, phn t u tin trong Mathcad c bt u bng phn t 0. phn t u tin bt u l 1 thc hin theo cch sau: T thanh cng c : chn Math/Options, xut hin hp thoi Math Options (hnh 3.6). Chn th Built-In Variables. Trong mc Text box Array Origin (ORIGIN) chn s 1. Chn OK.
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
BI TP CHNG 4
1. Cho ma trn A v B nh sau:
Tch t ma trn A ra ma trn C
C th ni kt hai ma trn A v B theo th t t trn xung di v t tri qua phi c hay khng? Nu c th xut kt qu nu khng th gii thch? 2. Gii h phng trnh tuyn tnh a v dng Ma trn a.
b.
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
CHNG V: CC HM S TRONG MATHCAD
CHNG V CC HM S TRONG MATHCAD

I. CC HM S TRONG MATHCAD
Mathcad lp sn mt s hm dng trong tnh ton k thut thng dng v chuyn su. c c mt hm s ta c th thc hin theo hai cch sau: T thanh menu T bn phm : chn Insert/Function (hnh5. 1). : g chnh xc tn hm.
Hnh 5.1. Hp thoi Insert Function Sau y s lit k mt s hm thng s dng trong tnh ton k thut:
I.1.
Hm Bessel
Hm Bessel thay i I0(x) K0(x) Hm Airy Ai(x) Bi(x)
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I1(x) K1(x)
In(m,x) Kn(m,x)
GIO TRNH Mathcad
Hm Bessel Kelvin Bei(n,x) ber(n,x)
Hm Spherical Bessel is(n,x) ys(n,x) - Trong x l tp hp s thc v khng c th nguyn.
I. 2.
Hm iu kin khng lin tc

if(cond,x,y) : tr v x nu cond l TRUE, ngc li tr v y.
(m,n) - Kronecker delta : tr v 1 nu m=n, ngc li tr v 0. sign(x) : tr v 0 nu x=0, tr v 1 nu x>0, tr v -1 vi nhng trng hp cn li. x l s thc. (i,j,k) (x) : hon tt hm s khng i xng Tensor. : hm s bc. Tr v 0 nu x<0, ngc li tr v 1.
I.3.
Hm s v ng cong (Curve Fitting)

Hm tuyn tnh slope(vx,vy) v intercept(vx,vy) : hai hm ny c s dng chung vi nhau, nhng hm ny tm ng thng cho ng vi b s liu khai bo. Hm a gic regress(vx,vy,k) : tm a gic cho ng vi b s liu khai bo. loess(mxy,vz,span) : tm b th t a gic th hai cho ng vi b s liu k cn. Hm Multivariate polynomial regress(Mxy,vz,k) b s liu khai bo. loess (Mxy, vz, span) b s liu k cn. Hm Generalized : tm h s to thnh s kt hp tuyn tnh ca cc hm cho ng vi cc im d liu. : tm b mt ca hnh a gic cho ng vi : tm b th t a gic th hai cho ng vi
linfit(vx,vy,F)
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
genfit(vx,vy,F) : tm cc thng s to thnh hm s ch nh cho ng vi cc im d liu. I.4. Hm thng k v phn tch d liu
Cc hm phn tch d liu (Data analysis functions) M t cc hm phn tch d liu nh mean, variance, standard deviation, kurtosis v correlation. Cc hm phn phi (Distribution functions) M t cc hm gamma, error v nhng hm khc c kh nng thc hin vic phn phi. Cc s ngu nhin (Random numbers) M t cc con s ngu nhin c kch hot v cch p dng chng kch hot cc con s ngu nhin thc hin vic phn phi. Hm lp ph (Histograms) :
M t cch nhn s phn b tn s ca d liu mu. Phn tch tng hp (Combinatorcal analysis) Tnh cc s hon v v tp hp Hm s tnh giao im (Interpolation and prediction) M t giao im ca ng tuyn tnh v khi. Smoothing M t mt s phng php lm phng d liu tp m. Curve fitting M t k thut trong php tnh hi quy, c tuyn tnh ln khng tuyn tnh.
I.5. Gii phng trnh vi phn

Gii cc phng trnh vi phn rkfixed(y x1,x2,npoints,D) Cc h thng phng Bulstoer(y,x1,x2,npoints,D) Cc h thng Stiff stiffb(y,x1,x2,npoints,D,J) stiffr(y,x1,x2,npoints,D,J)
GIO TRNH Mathcad
Cc h thng thay i chm Rkadapt (y,x1,x2,npoints,D) Tm im cui cng trong vng nh im (interval) bulstoer(y,x1,x2,acc,D,kmax,s) rkadapt(y,x1,x2,acc,D,kmax,s) stiffb(y,x1,x2,acc,D,J,kmax,s) stiffr(y,x1,x2,acc,D,J,kmax,s) Gii quyt gi tr ti hai im bvalfit(v1,v2,x1,x2 xf,D,load1,load2,score) sbval(v,v1,v2,x2,D,load,score) Gii quyt thnh phn trong phng trnh vi phn relax(a,b,c,d,e,f,u,rjac) multigrid(M,ncycle)
I.6.
Hm tm p n phng trnh
find(x,y) minerr(x,y,...) root(f(x),x) lsolve(M,v) polyroots(v) : tm n s ca phng trnh. : tm p n tng ng ca h phng trnh. : tm n s ca hm lng gic. : gii h phng trnh. : tm cc cn s ca t s c h nm trong v.
I.7.
Hm chuyn i ring bit

fft(v) ifft(u) cfft(A) icfft(B) FFT(v) CFFT(A) : tm chuyn i Fourier ca s liu gn trong Vc t v. : hm nghch o ca fft. Tr v v nu u=fft(v). : hm chuyn i Fourier ca s thc hoc phc trong mng A. : hm nghch o ca ca cfft. Tr v A nu B=cfft(A) : nhn dng fft ngoi tr nhng ton t v h s bnh thng khc. : nhn dng ifft ngoi tr nhng ton t v h s bnh thng khc.
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
IFFT(u) ICFFT(B) wave(v) iwave (u)
: nhn dng ifft ngoi tr nhng ton t v h s bnh thng khc. : nhn dng iccft ngoi tr nhng ton t v h s bnh thng khc. : chuyn i ring sng hiu ca s liu thc trong Vc t v. : hm nghch o ca wave. Tr v v nu u=wave(v).
I.8.
Hm bo li
erf(x)
I.9. Hm s m v Logarith
exp(z) : s e tng theo bi s z. log(z,b) : tnh gi tr logarit c s b ca z. Nu b qua khng khai bo b, s xem nh tnh logarit c s 10 ca z (mc nh b=10). ln(z) Khai bo: - z phi l mt tp hp (s thc, s phc hoc s o). - z phi khng c nh hng. - i vi cc hm log v ln, z khng th mang s zero. - b l thnh phn ty chn, mang s dng. Nu c gp chung, b l mt tp hp. Nu b qua b c xem nh 10. - i vi s phc z, cc hm log tr v nhng gi tr t v chnh ca nhng hm ny, ngc li: ln(z)=ln(|z|) + i arg(z) : s log t nhin (log c s e) ca z.
I.10.
Khai bo loi hm s (EXPRESSION TYPE)

IsScalar(x) isArray(x) sstring(x) : tr v 1 nu x l mt tp hp, ngc li s tr v 0. : tr v 1 nu x l Vc t hoc ma trn, ngc li tr v 0. : tr v 1 nu x l chui, ngc li tr v 0.
I.11.
Hm truy cp (FILE ACCESS FUNCTIONS)

READPRN("File") : c mng s liu t tp tin d liu.
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
WRITEPRN("file") APPENDPRN("file") READRGB("file") READBMP("file") WRITERGB("file") WRITEBMP("file")
: ghi mng s liu t tp tin d liu. : ni mng s liu t tp tin d liu. : c tp tin nh mu. : c tp tin hnh nh theo ch thanh xm. : to tp tin nh mu. : to tp tin nh mu theo ch thang xm.
I.12.
Hm s ti u (FUNCTION OPTIMIZATION)
minimize (f,var 1,var2,...) maximize (f,var1,var2,...) : tm gi tr ti thiu. : tm gi tr ti a.
I.13.
Cc hm Hyperbol (HYPERBOL FUNTIONS)

cosh (z) csch (z) coth (z)
sinh(z) tanh (z) seach (z) Khai bo:
- z phi mang gi tr radians. - z phi l mt tp hp. - z khng c nh hng.
I.14. Hm nghch o Hyperbol (INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNTIONS)

asinh (z) acish (z) atanh (z) Khai bo: - z phi l tp hp. - z khng nh hng. acoth (z) acsch (z) asech (z)
I.15.
Hm lng gic o (INVERSE TRIG FUNTIONS)

acsc(z) asec (z)
asin (z) acosh (z) atan (x,y) Khai bo:
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
- z phi l tp hp. - z khng nh hng. - x v y l nhng tp hp. Nhng gi tr c tr v: - asin(z), acsc(z), acosh(z), asec(z), atan(z) - atan2(x,y) : tr v gc theo radian gia / 2 v / 2 khi z l s thc. : tr v gc ( theo radian gia / 2 v / 2 bao gm ) t trc x n ng thng cha im gc (0,0) v ta (x,y). : tr v cc gc theo radian gia 0 v khi z l s thc.
- acos(z)
I.16. Cc hm tip tuyn (INTERPOLATION FUNTIONS)

Linterp(vx,vy,x) : gi tr giao im ti x khi cc im trong vx, vy c ni vi nhau bng nhng ng thng. Ispline(vx,vy) pspline(vx,vy) : giao im ca cc im u cui ca nhng ng thng to thnh khi. Tr v Vc t vs dng vi hm interp. : giao im ca cc im u v cui ca nhng ng parabol to thnh khi.tr v vc t vs dng vi hm interp. : cc ng giao tuyn nhau trong khi. Tr v Vc t vs dng vi hm interp.
cspline(vx,vy)
bspline (vx,vy,u,n): s giao tip ca cc ng B-spline to gc n a ra cc im c ch nh bng nhng gi tr trong u. Tr v Vc t vs dng vi hm interp. interp(vs,vx,vy,x): tr v gi tr giao im ca qua cch dng nhng ng giao tip.vs l Vc t c tr v t cc hm Ispline, pspline, cspline hoc bspline. predict (v, m, n) : tr v nhng gi tr n c xc nh trc da theo cc thnh phn nm trong v.
I.17.
Cc hm ph (MISCELLANEOUS FUNTIONS)
mod(x,y) angle(x,y) : tr li s d ca x chia y. : gc t trc x n ta (x,y).
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
I.18.
Hm v ph (HISTOGRAMS)
hist (intervals,data) : tr v ph ca d liu.
Nu intervals l Vc t, tr v Vc t vi thnh phn ith l s im trong d liu data nm gia ith v (i+1)th ca intervals. Nu intervals l mt tp hp (scalar), tr v vc t minh ha s im trong data nm trong dy s ca khong cch u nhau c th hin bi intervals. Khai bo: - intervals l mt tp hp hoc mt vc t. Khi l tp hp, chng c trng bng nhng con s vi khong cch u nhau vi nhng gi tr c cha trong data. - Khi intervals l vc t ca nhng gi tr thc theo th t tng dn, cc gi tr th hin nhng khong cch theo cc thnh phn c cha trong data. - Data l Vc t ca gi tr s liu thc.
I.19.
Hm lm trn s (Rounding a number)

round(x,n) : lm trn gi tr x theo s thp phn n. Nu b qua n, gi tr x s c lm trn theo s nguyn gn nht (n c xem nh bng 0). Nu n<0 th x c lm trn theo s thp phn n nm bn tri du thp phn. Lu rng x phi l tp hp s thc v n phi l s nguyn. V d:
round( , 0) = 3 round( , 2) = 3.14 round( , 1) = 0 round( , 2) = 0 round( 521.893 , 0) = 522 round( 521.885 , 2) = 521.89 round( 521.893 , 1) = 520 round( 521.893 , 2) = 500
I.20.
Hm rt gn chui s (Truncation Functions)

floor(x) ceil(x) trunc(x) : tr v s nguyn ln nht. : tr v s nguyn nh nht. : tr v s nguyn ca x bng cch loi b phn phn s.
Khai bo: - x l s thc. Lu : khi x dng hm floor v trunc tr v cng kt qu.

GIO TRNH Mathcad
V d:
floor( 58.15) = 58 ceil( 58.15) = 59 trunc( 58.15) = 58 floor( 58.85) = 58 ceil( 58.85) = 59 trunc( 58.85) = 58 floor( 58.45) = 59 ceil( 58.45) = 58 trunc( 58.45) = 58
I.21.
Cc hm chui (String Functions)

concat(S1,S2) error(S) IsString(x) Strlen(S) Search(S,Sub,S,x) Str2num(S) Num2str(x) Str2vec(S) Vec2tr(v) : ni chui S2 vo cui chui S1. Tr v chui. : tr v chui S v hin thng tin li. : tr v 1 nu x l chui, ngc li tr v 0. : xc nh k t trong chui S. Tr v s nguyn. : tm v tr bt u ca chui ph SubS trong S, bt u t v tr x trong S. : i chui s S thnh hng s. : i s x thnh chui. : i chui S thnh Vc t ca m ASCII. : i cc Vc t ca m ASCII sang dng chui.
I.22.
Cc hm ni suy (Cubic Spline Interpolation)

cspline(vx,vy) : tr v Vc t ngun th hai i vi d liu ca Vc t vx v vy.Vc t ny s tr thnh i lng th nht ca hm interp. Kt qu s l khi ti cc im u cui. : tng t nh hm cspline, ngoi tr kt qu c dng parabol ngay cc im u cui. : tng t nh cspline, ngoi tr kt qu l ng tuyn tnh ngay cc im u cui. : tr v gi tr giao im ca vy ti im x.
pline(vx,vy) lspline(vx,vy) interp(vs,vx,vy,x) Khai bo:
- vx l Vc t ca nhng gi tr d liu thc theo th t tng dn. Chng tng ng vi gi tr x. - vy l Vc t ca nhng gi tr d liu thc. Chng tng ng vi gi tr y. S thnh phn tng t nh vx. - v l Vc t c kch hot bi cspline, pspline, lspline.
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
- x l gi tr ca bin c lp m ngay s a ra kt qu giao thoa. i vi nhng kt qu tt nht, nhng gi tr bin ny nn nm trong phm vi c a r t nhng gi tr vx. - hm cubic spline interpolation cho php bn chuyn ng cong qua cc im theo cch ngun th nht v th hai ca ng cong c ko tip tc qua cc im k tip. ng cong ny c tp hp bng cch ly ba im k nhau v to thnh khi chy qua cc im . Khi a gic ny sau c ni li vi nhau to thnh ng cong hon chnh.
I.23.
cc hm hi quy
slope(vx,vy) : xin ca ng thng khp vi d liu trong vx, vy.
intercep(vx,vy) : ng giao tip va ng vi s liu trong vx, vy. Khai bo: - vx l Vc t ca nhng s liu thc i vi hm slope. Cc gi tr trong vx tng ng vi cc gi tr x. - vy l Vc t ca cc s liu thc. Nhng gi tr ny tng ng vi cc gi tr y. S thnh phn ca vy cng tng t nh vx. Hm slope v intercep rt hu ch khi d liu k tha s tuyn tnh m cng c th p dng cho cc hm s m. Cng thc ca ng thng va khp vi s liu ca vx v vy l y=mx+b l kt qu t hm slope v b l kt qu t hm intercept. (xem v d hnh 5.2) V d:
Hnh 5.2. Minh ho dng hm spline v hm intercept
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
I.24. Hm tuyn tnh kt hp (LINEAR COMBINATION OF FUNCTION)

linfit(vx,vy,F) : tr v Vc t cha cc h s c dng to s kt hp ca cc hm tuyn tnh trong F vi d liu c nh trong vx v vy (hnh 5.3).
Khai bo: - vx l Vc t ca cc gi tr d liu. Nhng gi tr ny tng ng vi gi tr x. cc thnh phn phi c xp theo th t tng dn (c th dng hm sort). - vy l Vc t ca cc gi tr d liu. Nhng gi tr ny tng ng vi gi tr y. S thnh phn tng t nh vx. - F l hm s tr v Vc t vi nhng thnh phn l hm s hnh thnh cc hm tuyn tnh, hoc trong trng hp l hm tuyn tnh n. F l mt tp hp. V d:
Hnh 5.3. Minh ho dng hm linfit Genfit(vx,vy,vg,F) : Vc t ang cha cc tham s to nn hm f(x) v cc tham s n, u1un ca cc d liu trong vx v vy (hnh 5.4).
Khai bo: - vx l Vc t ca cc gi tr d liu. Nhng gi tr ny tng ng vi gi tr x. - vy l Vc t ca cc gi tr d liu thc v tng ng vi gi tr y. S thnh phn tng t nh vx.
GIO TRNH Mathcad
- vg l thnh phn Vc t n d on, hoc vg l mt tp hp trong trng hp n=1. - F l hm s tr v Vc t n+1 ang cha hm f v nhng thnh phn ngun ca chng tng ng vi cc tham s n. Khi n=1, F l tp hp. - n l s nguyn. V d:
Hnh 5.4. Minh ho dng hm genfit
I.25.
Hm tuyn tnh nh trc (LINEAR PREDICTION)

predict(v,m,n) : tr v Vc t vi nhng gi tr n c nh trc da theo cc thnh phn m k nhau trong v (hnh 5.5).
Khai bo: - v l Vc t vi cc gi tr mu c ly t nhng khong cch u nhau. - m, n l cc s nguyn.
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V d:
Hnh 5.5. Minh ho dng hm predict
II. THAY I CC THAM S CHNG TRNH

Khi thao tc vi cc i tng ca chng trnh, c th thc hin theo ring ca mnh bng cch chp nhn hoc thay i cc tham s ca chng trnh cho phu hp. thay i cc tham s ca chng trnh, thc hin nh sau: Trn thanh menu : chn Math/Options, xut hin hp thoi Math Options (hnh 5.6).
Hnh 5.6. Hp thoi Math Options/Built-In Variables

GIO TRNH Mathcad
Chn th (hnh 5.6): c th t cc gi tr tham bin mc nh ca chng trnh theo hng dn sau y: Array Origin : kim sot cc tham s ORIGIN lp sn c trng cho vic lp ch s cho cc phn t ca mng trong cng thc. Gi tr mc nh l khng 0. Convergence Tolerance : kim sot cc tham s TOL vi mc sai s ca cc s nguyn v cc s dn xut t chng. Tham s ny cn kim sot di ca cc s nguyn trong cc php tnh cn. Gi tr mc nh l 0.001. Constraint Toleranc : kim sot cc tham s CTOL vi mc sai s ca cc iu kin rng buc khi gii bi ton bng ton t Slove. Gi tr mc nh l 0.001. Seed value for random numbers : thng bo cho hm to s ngu nhin bit s dng th mt chui ngu nhin no . Gi tr mc nh l 1. Precision : kim sot cc tham s PRNPRECISION cho sn c trng cho cc con s p dng khi vit tp tin m ASCII vi hm WRITERPRN hoc APPENDPRN. Gi tr mc nh l 4. Column Width : kim sot cc tham s PRNCOLWIDTH lp sn c trng cho rng cc ct trong tp tin m ASCII c lp bmg cc hm WRITERPRN hoc hm APPENDPRN. Gi tr mc nh l 8. Restore Defaults trnh. : tr v tt c gi tr mc nh ca chng
Chn th : t cc lnh lin quan n cch thc tnh ton cc gi tr trong cng thc, biu thc, hm ca chng trnh (hnh 5.7). Recalculate Automatically : Mathcad t ng tnh ton li tt c cc kt qu v hnh nh th hin din trn mn hnh mi khi bn thay i gi tr no n ca bin s. Optimize expressions befor calculating : Mathcad t ng ti u ho nh l n s lm n gin ho biu thc bt k nm bn tri hay phi du gn ( ). Khi gi tr qu di Mathcad s nh du vo vng s liu bng du hoa th ri thay vo s tnh theo dng n gin hn. Khi mun quan st dng n gin, kch vo du hoa th.
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
Hnh 5.7. Hp thoi Math Options/Calculation
Chn th 5.8).
: chn n v tnh ton trong Mathcad (hnh
Hnh 5.8. Hp thoi Math Options/Unit System
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
SI (International) : s dng theo n v o lng quc t, h SI: meters, kilograms, second, amps MKS CGS : s dng n v o l meters, kilograms, seconds : s dng n v o lcentimeters, grams, seconds
US : s dng theo n v o lng ca M-Anh l feet, pounds, seconds None Chn th tu chn (hnh 5.9). : loi b tt c n v o lng theo mc nh. : cha cc tn hng mc nh ngi s dng
Hnh 5.9. Hp thoi Math Options/Dimensions Display dimensions : kch chn th hin cc kt qu qua cch dng cc tn hng s c cp n trong phn Dimension Names thay v l mc nh. Dimension Names : khai bo cc tn hng vo cc khung n v c lin quan th hin trong bng kt qu.
BI TP CHNG 5
1. Gii cc h phng trnh sau: a.
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
b.
c.
d.
2. S dng hm if, linterp v input table tnh btk nh sau: Cho Q=95 (m3 /s) ; i=0.0001 ; n=0.0225 , m=1.5 (hoc m=1.5) ; h=3(m)
3 8
nQ 2 + Xc nh R ln = 4m i vi m 0 = 2 1 + m m 0 h b Lp t s tm c tra trong bng sau: R ln R ln h b R ln R ln m=1.25 m=1.5 11.300 0.835 10.591 10.759 0.858 10.092 10.271 0.881 9.643 9.829 0.903 9.237 Tnh b tk =
b R ln R ln
3. Vit hm ni suy tm cng chu ko Ra ca thp cho trong bng sau: Loi ct thp
Ra (kG/cm2)
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
AI 2100 AII 2700 AIII 3600 Ti gi tr gn loi ct thp, dng Hyperlink (dng Pop-up) gii thch cho ngi s dng hiu l ch c th chn ct thp vi nhng loi trn.
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
CHNG VI:V TH
CHNG VI V TH
I.
V TH X-Y
to vng v (hnh 6.1) c th thc hin theo cc cch sau: T thanh cng c T thanh Math T bn phm : chn Insert/Graph/X-Y Plot : nhp vo biu tng : nhn @
Hnh.6.1 Vng th hin th Trong khung trng nm di trc honh (trc x) nhp gi tr th mun da theo. Gi tr ny l thang o xc nh trc . Nu khng xc nh trc, Mathcad t ng xc nh thang o t -10 n 10. Trong khung trng nm bn cnh trc tung (trc y), nhp biu thc mun v.
Lu :
- C th v th theo phng trnh bt k da theo phng trnh khc, chng c th dng chung gi tr c lp. Ngoi ra cn th hin c nhiu ng biu din trn cng mt th.
KS.HUNH VNG THU MINH
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
CHNG VI:V TH
- Nu im v l gi tr phc hoc o, Mathcad s khng v ln nhng im ny. Khi dng hm Re v IN ko phn phc hoc o ra ngoi. V d:
II. HIU CHNH TH

hiu chnh th c th thc hin theo cc cch sau: T thanh cng c :chn Format/Graph/X-Y Plot Nhp p vo th mun hiu chnh. Xut hin hp thoi Formating currently selected X-Y Plot (hnh 6.2).
Hnh 6.2. Formating currently selected X-Y Plot

KS.HUNH VNG THU MINH - Trang 69 -
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CHNG VI:V TH
Trong khung thoi X-Y Axes Log Scale : trc c chn s c gi tr Logarith. Do gi tr trong thang o phi l s dng (hnh 6.3).
Hnh.6.3 Grid lines : cc ng phn trn thang o ca trc chn s c thay bng khung ca r mu xanh l cy (hnh 6.4).
Hnh 6.4 Numbered : cc ng phn trn thang o ca trc chn s c nh s (hnh 6.5). Numbered : cc ng phn trn thang o ca trc chn s khng th hin s (hnh 6.5).
Hnh 6.5 Auto Scale : Mathcad s t ng chia thang o da vo s liu im u v im cui, bn cnh o th hin lun tr s im u v im cui bn tri thang chia (hnh 6.6). Auto Scale : Mathcad s ly gi tr im u v cui lm cn di v trn ca thang o v d nhin cc im trn thang o c th l s khng chn (hnh 6.6).
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
CHNG VI:V TH
Auto Scale Hnh 6.6
Auto Scale
Show markers : thm mt hoc hai ng trc honh hoc trc tung trong th. Khi chn, xut hin hai khung trng b sung theo trc. Gi s mun thm trc tung kch vo mt trong hai khung trng nm di trc x v nhp gi tr mun bt u v ng biu din (hnh 6.7).
Show markers Hnh 6.7 Auto Grids
Show markers
: s ng phn thang o s c chn t ng.
Auto Grids : nhp s phn thang o vo khung gi tr Number of Girds. S nhp phi l s nguyn t 2 n 99. Axes Style Boxed, Crossed, None : kim sot xem cc trc c giao thoa vi tm th, cnh y tri ca th hay chng xut hin tt c hay khng (hnh 6.8).
Hnh 6.8
GIO TRNH Mathcad
CHNG VI:V TH
qual scales
: cc thang o c phn bng nhau (Hnh 6.9).
Hnh 6.9 Trong khung thoi Traces
Hnh 6.10. Hp thoi Formatting Currently Selected X-Y Plot/Traces Legend Label gii (hnh 6.11). : t tn cho ng biu din s hin theo phn ch
Symbol : th hin nhng im bng nhng biu tng nh hnh vung (box), ch thp (+s), du nhn (xs)khi khng chn, mc nh ca n s l none.
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
CHNG VI:V TH
Hide legend Hnh 6.11
Hide legend
Line : chn la ng biu din phn bit vi nhng ng biu din khc cng nm trong mt th. Line
Color : chn la mu sc cho ng biu din phn bit vi nhng ng biu din khc cng nm trong mt th. Color
Type : chn loi ng biu din phn bit vi nhng ng biu din khc cng nm trong mt th. Type
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
CHNG VI:V TH
Weight
: chn la dy mng ca ng biu din.
Hide Arguments : du hm s v i s gia mi trc. Khi kch vo th n s hin ra. Trong khung thoi Labels (hnh 6.12) Title th ( : t tn cho hnh biu din trn th, khi phi chn th hin. Bn c th t tn trn ( ). : gn ch thch trn mi trc. Gn ch gii trn trc honh (trc x) ) hoc di
Axis labels
Gn ch gii trn trc tung (trc y)
Hnh 6.12. Hp thoi Formatting Currently Selected X-Y Plot/Labels
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
CHNG VI:V TH
III. V NHIU NG BIU DIN TRONG CNG MT TH

v nhiu ng biu din ch cn nh du phy , gia cc phng trnh trn tng trc.
IV. QUAN ST CC IM TRN NG BIU DIN

quan st to trn ng biu din thc hin nh sau: Chn ng biu din cn quan st. Trn thanh cng c : chn Format/Graph/Trace, hin hp thoi Trace. R chut vo ng biu din s xut hin to mun quan st.
V.
V TH 3D
V th Contour (hnh 6.12)
Xc nh Ma trn v, Ma trn phi c t nht hai dng v hai ct. To vng v thc hin theo cc cch sau: T thanh cng c T thanh Math T bn phm V d: : chn Insert/Graph/Contour Plot : nhp vo biu tng : nhn t hp Ctrl+5
V.1.
t tn Ma trn trong khung trng.

G( x, y ) := 9 cos x
( 2) + 4 sin (y 2)
Hnh 6.13
GIO TRNH Mathcad
CHNG VI:V TH
V.2.
V th Surface (hnh 6.13)

To vng v thc hin theo cc cch sau: T thanh cng c T thanh Math T bn phm : chn Insert/Graph/Surface Plot : nhp vo biu tng : nhn t hp Ctrl+2
t tn Ma trn trong khung trng.
Hnh 6.13
V.3.
V th hnh thanh (hnh 6.14)

To vng v thc hin theo cc cch sau: T thanh cng c T thanh Math : chn Insert/Graph/3D Bar Plot : nhp vo biu tng
t tn Ma trn trong khung trng. V d:
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CHNG VI:V TH
Hnh.6.14
BI TP CHNG 6
1. To mt ma trn bng cc gi tr ca hm s: f(x,y) = x2 + y2 Gn Mi,j = f(i,j) vi i, j chy t 1 n 5. V b mt ca Ma trn M (Surface Plot). 2. Cho mt dm n ngm 2 u chu ti trng phn b u c s liu nh sau: q = 0.5
T m
, L = 5m
2
Tnh v v biu momen theo cng thc sau:

M = 6* x 6* x q * L2 * (1 + 2 ) vi x chy t 0 n L 12 L L
3. Cho s liu mc nc 1 ngy (Thng 10) ti trm Cn Th nm 1984. V biu triu tng ng vi bng di y:
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CHNG VI:V TH
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CHNG VII: LP TRNH
CHNG VII LP TRNH

Lp trnh c mc ch lm d dng v n gin ho nhim v tnh ton. lp trnh trn Mathcad phi dng n ngn ng Programming c xy dng trong Mathcad bao gm: nhnh iu kin (IF), cu trc vng lp (FOR, WHILE), trnh by li
I.
Cu iu kin if
Thc hin theo cc bc sau: Kch ngay bn phi khung nhp biu thc ni mun chn cu lnh if T thanh Math : Kch vo biu tng Programming (hn.h7. 1) , xut hin hp thoi
Hnh 7.1. Programming

KT :=
Kch vo nt Add Line, xut hin Ti v tr khung trng trn kch vo nt if (hoc t bn phm nhn Shift+]), ngay bn phi khung nhp biu thc, nhp biu thc Boolean. Ti v tr khung trng di kch vo nt otherwise, g gi tr mun chng trnh tr v nu kt qu iu kin l sai. V d:
KT :=
1 0
if ( min ) ( max) otherwise
KT = 0
GIO TRNH Mathcad
CHNG VII: LP TRNH
Lu : Nu s dng nhiu cu lnh if trc cu lnh otherwise th cu lnh otherwise ch c thc hin khi tt c cc iu kin u sai.
II. CU LNH VNG LP (PROGRAM LOOPS)

Loop l lnh chng trnh c dng lm cho mt hay nhiu cu lnh (ni dung vng lp) iu hot theo chu trnh cho n khi tho mn iu kin a ra. Trong Mathcad c hai loi cu lnh lp:
II.1.
Cu lnh for
Cu lnh for : c p dng khi bn bit chnh xc s ln vng lp c thc thi. thc hin vng lp for tin hnh theo cc bc sau: Kch ngay bn phi khung nhp biu thc ni mun chn cu lnh for
Kch vo nt for trn thanh Math (hoc t bn phm nhn Ctrl+)
Bn tri
g bin thay i, bn phi
nhp dy s chy
Nhp biu thc vo khung trng bn di
V d 1: Tnh tng ca n s nguyn dng u tin
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sum( n ) := s0 for i 1 .. n ss+i sum( 5) = 15
CHNG VII: LP TRNH
V d 2: Tnh giai tha ca mt s

F( n ) := f1 for i 1 .. n f fi f F( 3) = 6
II.2.
Cu lnh while
Cu lnh while : c dng khi bn mun vng lp dng li theo iu kin hin hnh nhng li khng bit chnh xc khi no iu kin xy ra. Khi dng cc cu lnh lp, bn cn phi ct chng ra thnh tng quy trnh hoc kim sot tnh hot ng ca cu lnh. V d:
F( n ) := f1 while n n 1 f f ( n + 1) f F( 5) = 120
III. Cu lnh ngt break

Cu lnh break iu hot cu lnh lp. : trong vng lp loop khi mun dng quy trnh
Kch vo khung nhp chng trnh trong mun t cu lnh break
Kch vo nt break trn thanh Math (hoc t bn phm nhn Ctrl+{)
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CHNG VII: LP TRNH
Khi Mathcad bt gp cu lnh break trong phn thn ca vng lp for hoc while: Chu trnh lp s ngng s iu hot v tr v gi tr c tnh sau cng. Sau , chng trnh s tip tc iu hot ngay dng k tip ca chng trnh sau chu trnh. V d:
t := for i 0 .. 10 break if i > 4 i t=5
IV. Hin kt qu ca chng trnh return

Cu lnh return : theo mc nh, chng trnh tr li nhng g nm trn dng cui cng. Tuy nhin, c th tr li gi tr mt ni no trong chng trnh vi cu lnh return. chn cu lnh return, thc hin nh sau: Kch vo khung nhp chng trnh trong mun t cu lnh return
Kch vo nt return trn thanh Math (hoc t bn phm nhn Ctrl+|) V d:
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CHNG VII: LP TRNH
Trong vng trng bn phi cu lnh return, nhp nhng g bn mun tr v. Cc cu lnh return rt hu dng khi bn mun tr v gi tr t vng lp.
V.
Tm li chng trnh
Cu lnh on error : mun tr v gi tr cn gii quyt khi Mathcad bt gp li trong chng trnh chn cu lnh on error, thc hin nh sau: Kch vo khung nhp chng trnh trong mun t cu lnh on error
Kch vo nt on error trn thanh Math (hoc t bn phm nhn Ctrl+)
Trong vng trng bn phi cu lnh on error, nhp nhng g bn mun tr v.
Trong vng trng bn tri cu lnh on error, nhp nhng g bn mun tr v nu biu thc mc nh khng th tnh c. Dng nt lnh Add Line chn nhng khung nhp lnh b sung. V d:
Biu thc bn phi s c tnh v c tr v nu khng c li xy ra. V nu c li xy ra, biu thc bn tri s c tr v.
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CHNG VII: LP TRNH
BI TP CHNG 7
1.
Tnh BC khi: Khi Ctn 0.85 th Qtk hn 2 g H hn
ngc lai m1
Qtk 2 g hn
1.5
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GIO TRNH Mathcad
CHNG VIII: QUN L D LIU
CHNG VIII NHNG KT D LIU

Mathcad a ra nhng thnh phn tin ch hon chuyn d liu gia Mathcad v cc trnh ng dng khc nh: Excel, Axum, Mathlab, nhng thnh phn ny lin h vi nhau thng qua cng thc ton hc trong Mathcad. Thnh phn ny to tnh lin tc ca cc d liu gia bng tnh Mathcad v ngun d liu hoc trnh ng dng khc. Mc d nhng thnh phn c dng trong Mathcad b hn ch, nhng cn c nhng thnh phn b sung khc c dng trong MathConnex.
I.
I NT V THNH PHN
Nhng thnh phn (Components) cho php d liu lu ng gia bng tnh Mathcad v cc ngun d liu hoc trnh ng dng khc. D liu a vo thnh phn t Mathcad c gi l nhp (input). D liu a ra khi thnh phn c gi l xut (output). Thnh phn nhp v xut c chuyn gia bng tnh Mathcad v thnh phn theo phng cch Mathcad nhp v xut cc tham s. Nhng bc c bn p dng vo thnh phn hon chuyn d liu vi Mathcad nh sau: Chn thnh phn v ch nh cc tham s nhp v xut vo khung nhp d liu trng. Cu hnh thnh phn chng bit nhng g phi thc hin vi i tng nhp v nhng g phi thc hin vi i tng xut. Do c mt s thnh phn ch nhn ring i tng nhp hoc xut, nhng bc ny hi khc mt cht i vi cc thnh phn. Sau khi chn thnh phn vo bng tnh Mathcad, in vo cc khung nhp s liu trng v cu hnh cc thuc tnh, kch chut vo v tr bt k trong vng i tng. Ngay im ny, d liu hon chuyn s thay th. Nhng thnh phn sau y c dng trong Mathcad: Axum File Read/Write, dng c v ghi cc tp tin d liu Exel MATLAB Scriptable Object
GIO TRNH Mathcad
II. C D LIU
Bn c th a d liu vo Mathcad bng cch du nhp chng t tp tin, c t tp tin hoc dn t Clipboard. Nhng phng php ny lun lun to cc mng d liu. Bn cng c th nhp d liu vo bng s liu nhp (input table) hoc mng.
II.1.
C D LIU T TP TIN D LIU
Khi mun c d liu t tp tin d liu trong Mathcad, c th dng thnh phn File Read/Write. Thnh phn File Read/Write cho php thc hin vic ni vi tp tin d liu, c d liu v gn d liu vo tham s ca Mathcad. D liu s t ng cp nht trong Mathcad khi chng c thay i trong tp tin d liu. Mun c d liu t tp tin d liu qua cch dng thnh phn File Read/Write Kch vo vng trng trong bng tnh. T thanh menu : nhn Insert/Component (hoc t thanh cng c : nhp vo biu tng ), xut hin hp thoi Component Wizard (hnh 8.1). T hp thoi Component Wizard chn File Read or Write v chn , xut hin hp thoi File Read or Write Wizard (hnh 8.2).
Hnh 8.1. Hp thoi ComponentWizard
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Hnh 8.2.File Read or Write Wizard Chn Read from a file v kch vo nt Wizard (hnh 3). , xut hin hp thoi
Hnh 8.3.Wizard T danh sch tp tin mun (hnh 8.3) chn loi tp tin mun c tm
nhp
ng
dn
hoc kch vo nt v tr tp tin mun c.

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xut hin biu tng thnh phn File Read or Kch vo nt Write v c dn trong tp tin d liu (hnh 8.4).
Hnh 8.4 Trong khung nhp d liu trng nm bn tri, nhp tn bin ca Mathcad mun gn vo s liu mi thu nhp. Kch chut vo vng trng nm ngoi thnh phn trn, tp tin d liu tc khc c c v d liu s c gn vo tham s Mathcad. Ngay lc ny c th x l cc tham s theo mun. Mi ln x l bng tnh, Mathcad s c li d liu t tp tin chn bng kch vo khung nhp d liu (hnh 8.4) v nhn Math/Calculate (hoc nhn F9). V d: c s liu t bng Excel (hnh 8.5) vo Mathcad.
Hnh 8.5 Kt qu:
2 6.5 90
3 5 7.5 8.3 10
BT =
1 2 3 4
150 200
250 110 300 130
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II.2. DN D LIU T CLIPBOARD

Trong mt vi trng hp, mun d liu c cha trong bng tnh hoc trong cc trnh ng dng khc, nhng khng mun du nhp hoc c d liu nh tp tin trong Mathcad. Mun thc hin theo cch ny thc hin nh sau: Chn d liu trong trnh ng dng khc v dng lnh Copy chp d liu ca chng trnh ngun . M chng trnh Mathcad, nhp phn xc nh bin nh
M :=
Kch vo vng trng nm bn phi du gn v chn Paste dn d liu vo Mathcad. V d:

2.076 2.167 2.262 2.364 M := 2.472 2.588 2.712 2.847 2.992
1.554 1.149 1.656 1.266 1.764 1.389 1.879 1.519 2 2.129 2.267 2.415 2.543
1.657 1.803 1.958 2.124 2.266
Lu : Nu thc hin theo cch ny, khi thay i s liu ngun th s liu trong bng tnh trong Mathcad khng thay i c.
II.3.
NHP BNG S LIU (TABLE OF NUMBERS)

Kch chut vo ni mun th hin bng tnh. T thanh menu : Chn Insert/Component (hoc trn thanh cng c :
, xut hin hp thoi Component Wizard (hnh 8.1). nhp vo , xut hin hp thoi Wizard (hnh Chn Input Table v kch nt 8.6).
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Hnh 8.6. Wizard Trong khung trng xut hin ni bn tri (hnh 8.7), nhp tn bin ca Mathcad mun gn d liu.
Hnh 8.7 Nhp s liu vo cc . Sau khi to mng s liu qua cch dng bng nhp, bn c th x l mng theo cc hm v php tnh lp sn trong Mathcad. Lu : Bn ch c th nhp cc con s vo bng, khng th nhp cc phng trnh ton hc. Trong mi dng phi nhp nhng gi tr d liu. Nu trng Mathcad t ng chn gi tr khng 0 vo . Thay v nh d liu vo ca bng. Bn cng c th dn d liu vo bng nhp nu bn chp d liu t trnh ng dng khc bng cch s dng lnh Paste Table.
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V d:
II.4.
CC HM LNH DU NHP TP TIN D LIU

: c d liu t tp tin d liu.
READPRN(file) Khai bo:
file tn tp tin hoc y ng dn c cu trc theo tp tin d liu ASCII. file c nhp theo dng chui. WRITEPRN(file) Khai bo: file tn tp tin hoc y ng dn c cu trc theo tp tin d liu ASCII. file c nhp theo dng chui. APPENDPRN(file) Khai bo: file tn tp tin hoc y ng dn c cu trc theo tp tin d liu ASCII. file nhp theo dng chui. S ct trong file phi khp vi s ct trong mng. : Ni cc mng vo tp tin. : Ghi mng d liu vo tp tin.
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file phi c sn trong th mc. Khng nh WRITEPRN, APPENDPRN khng th to tp tin m ch ni cc tp tin c. Lu : WRITEPRN b tr tp tin ASCII theo dng v ct ging nh Ma trn gc. Theo mc nh, APPENDPRN s ni bn c s trong cc ct c chiu rng tm con s. thay i hin trng ny, t thanh Math chn Options v kch vo nt trong hp thoi Math Options (hnh 8.8) thay i thnh phn PRNPRECISION v PRNCOLWIDTH.
Hnh 8.8. Hp thoi Math Options
III. XUT D LIU

Sau khi dng Mathcad thc hin cc php tnh, bn c th xut hoc ghi li cc kt qu thnh phn tin d liu hoc a cc kt qu vo Clipboard dn vo chng trnh khc.
III.1. XUT D LIU SANG TP TIN

nh du bng (=) hin kt qu ca bin. Nu cc kt qu hin theo dng Ma trn, kch p vo Ma trn v dng khung thoi Result Format v thay i cc thnh phn ca Table. Kch nt phi chut vo bng d liu xut th hin menu x. Chn Export hin khung thoi Write to File.
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Chn th loi tp tin mun to trong File of type. Dng khung thoi hin phn trnh duyt mun to tp tin d liu vo th mc chn v nhp tn tp tin mun to. sau , Open. D liu s xut sang tp tin ch nh. Lu : Nu d liu thay i v mun cp nht d liu trong tp tin, cn phi xut li d liu.
III.2.
GHI D LIU VO TP TIN D LIU
Mun ghi cc gi tr t Mathcad vo tp tin d liu, bn c th dng thnh phn File Read/Write. Thc hin nh sau: Kch vo im trng trong bng tnh. T thanh menu: nhn Insert/Component (hoc nhn vo biu tng . Chn File Read or Write t danh sch v kch . iu ny s chuyn bn sang khung ca s hng dn File Read or Write Setup Wizard. Chn Write to a data source v kch s hng dn Wizard th hai. chuyn n khung ca
T danh mc x File Format trong Wizard, chn loi tp tin d liu mun ghi. Nhp tn ng dn cho tp tin mun ghi hoc kch nt lnh tm v tr mun ghi tp tin.
Kch nt , xut hin biu tng thnh phn File Read or Write v ng dn ca tp tin d liu. Trong khung trng hin bn di thnh phn, nhp tn ca bin Mathcad c cha d liu s c ghi vo tp tin d liu. Khi kch nt chut vo bn ngoi khung nhp bin, cc gi tr trong tham bin ca Mathcad s c ghi theo tp tin ch nh. Mi ln bn tnh li bng tnh, d liu s li c cp nht.
III.3. TRAO I D LIU VI EXCEL

Cc thnh phn Excel cho php bn: Du nhp d liu t Mathacd vo tp tin Excel, kch p vo thnh phn Excel dng cc lnh chc nng t Excel. Chuyn cc s liu t Excel vo Mathcad bng cch:
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Bo m l h thng ca bn l c ci chng trnh Microsoft Excel 7.0 hoc phin bn cao hn, nhng khng nht thit phi iu hot. Kch vo vng trng bng tnh. Nu bn mun xut cc s liu sang thnh phn t cc bin xc lp trong bng tnh ca Mathcad, bo m l bn kch vo bn di hoc bn phi ca thnh phn xc nh bin. Chn Insert/Component, xut hin hp thoi Component Wizard (hnh 8.6). Chn Excel t danh sch kch . iu ny s chuyn bn sang khung ca s hng dn Excel Setup Wizard. in vo nhng . Wizard s chuyn n thnh phn trong khung thoi v kch cc khung thoi theo cc thnh phn chn. Khi kt thc, bn s thy phn Excel trong bng tnh vi khung nhp s liu cho cc bin nhp v xut. Gn bin nhp vo khung nhp s liu nm di v nhp cc bin xut vo khung nhp s liu nm bn tri du gn . Khi kch bn ngoi khung nhp liu, cc bin nhp s c chuyn t Mathcad sang Excel v phm vi s c chuyn t Excel ngc v Mathcad gn cc bin xut. Sau khi xc lp cc bin xut, bn c th x l chng theo cc hm lnh v php tnh ca Mathcad. V d: T Mathcad c s liu tc bng tnh Excel. Trong bng tnh Excel lp hm ni suy cc h s A, B, D da vo tc , sau xut s liu ra bng tnh Mathcad.
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BI TP CHNG 8
1. S liu trm A v B c nhp bng mt ma trn gi vo bng tnh Excel.
A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B Nm 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 C Trm A(x) 352 456 897 123 741 963 741 852 369 123 xtb= D Trm B(y) 123 354 754 100 654 845 632 741 256 110 ytb= E Kxi xi/xtb F Kyi yi/ytb G Kxi-1 H Kyi-1 I (kxi-1)
2
J (Kyi-1)
2
K (Kxi-1)* (Kyi-1)
T1=
T2=
T3=
a. Xut cc gi tr t bng Excel sang Mathcad: xtb, ytb, T1, T2, T3 b. Tnh h s tng quan:
T3 T1 .T2
c. Kim tra: Nu 0.8 v n>9 : Trm A v Trm B c tng quan, ngc li khng tng quan.
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CHNG IX: MATHCAD NG DNG
CHNG IX MATHCAD NG DNG

I. NG DNG TRONG TNH TON KT CU
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
I.1. Cho mt dm n gi hai u nh hnh 9.1. Tnh cc phn lc gi ti A v B.

P P1
l1
l2
l3
Hnh 9.1 nh ngha:
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------------------------------------
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I.2. Cho dm nh hnh 9.2. Tnh cc phn lc ti gi.

q := 1.2T m
1
P := 10T
L1 := 5m
L2 := 2m
Hnh 9.2
I.3. Cho mt dm n gi hai u nh hnh 9.2. Tnh v v biu lc ct v moment cho dm.
Hnh 9.3
1. Nhap so lieu l := 10m q := 1.2 T m
2. Tnh toan a. Tnh cac phan lc goi tai A va B

RA := q l 2 RB := q l 2
RA
RB
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b.Tnh va ve lc cat tai iem x bat ky tren dam

x := 0 .. l Q ( x) := RA q x
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I.4. Cho s o ket cau ban ay cng (tnh theo phng phap dam ao) hnh 9.4
Hnh 9.4 Cho cc s liu sau: q=30kG/m ; l=10m ; M1=M2=300kGm Giai:
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II. NG DNG MATHCAD TRONG O C

----------------------------------------------------------------------
II.1. Tnh ton b tr tim cu (hnh 9.5)
Hnh 9.5 S liu cho nh sau:

x = 200.000m - im khng ch A: A y B = 200.00m x = 378.31m B: B y B = 340.02m
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x = 400.000 m - im cn b tr 1 : 1 y1 = 400.00m xc nh c im cn b tr cn xc nh c gc bng A _ 1 , B _ 1
Phn tnh tnh ton c du bng lnh kho (lock).
II.2. Bnh sai ng chuyen kinh v khep kn
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III. NG DNG TRONG TNH TON THU VN

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
III.1.Cho hai Trm Thu vn A v B nm trn cng mt con sng, c s liu nh bng sau:
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Nm 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 Trm A_M(m3/s.km2) 4.8 4.1 5.3 5.0 6.3 6.0 6.3 3.3 6.2 4.8 7.1 5.5 4.1 9.2 Trm B_M(m3/s.km2) 6.9 7.2 5.9 6.4 6.2 5.3 6.8 8.0 8.7 7.8 8.5 5.6 8.9 6.5 9.5 7.0 -
Yu cu: - Cho bit hai trm A v B c tng quan vi nhau hay khng? - Vit phng trnh tng quan gia 2 trm b sung s liu gia hai trm. - V ng tng quan gia hai trm.
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Gii: 1. Nhp s liu:
2. Tnh ton
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a. Kim tra iu kin tng quan
b. Vit phng trnh tng quan b sung s liu cho trm thiu
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3. V ng thng tng quan
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IV. NG DNG MT S HM TRONG MATHCAD

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
V biu triu
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Vit hm ni suy tm Rn v Ra ca Btng cho trong bng sau:

Mc Btng 150 200 250 300 Cng chu nn Rn, kG/cm2 6.5 90 110 130 Cng chu ko Ra, kG/cm2 5 7.5 8.3 10
C nhiu cch ni suy tm Rn v Ra ca Btng, y xin nu ln 2 cch: Cch 1:
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Cch 2:
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V. NG DNG TNH TON CA VAN

----------------------------------------------------------
Xc nh v tr t dm chnh
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Giao Trinh Mathcad

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GIO TRNH Mathcad

CHNG I: GII THIU Mathcad 2001i

CHNG I GII THIU Mathcad 2001i

I.2. Thot khi Mathcad 2001i

GIO TRNH Mathcad

CHNG I: GII THIU Mathcad 2001i

Mc Save in Mc File name Mc Save as type

Hnh 1.1. Hp thoi Save As

Trn thanh cng c chun T bn phm Trn thanh menu

Trn thanh cng c chun T bn phm Trn thanh menu

Sau , hp thoi New xut hin ( hnh 1.2)

KS. HUNH VNG THU MINH

GIO TRNH Mathcad

CHNG I: GII THIU Mathcad 2001i

Hnh 1.2. Hp thoi New I.4.2. M mt Worksheet c sn

Hnh 1.3. Hp thoi Open

GIO TRNH Mathcad

CHNG I: GII THIU Mathcad 2001i

II. GII THIU GIAO DIN Mathcad 2001i

Thanh cng c Math Thanh nh dng

Thanh Cng c chun

Vng son tho v tnh ton

Thanh Trng thi

Hnh 1.4 Giao din Mathcad 2001i

KS. HUNH VNG THU MINH

GIO TRNH Mathcad

CHNG I: GII THIU Mathcad 2001i

Thanh thc n (menu bar) ( hnh 1.4 )

Full Down menu

Hnh.1.5. Chn trnh File trn thanh menu

KS. HUNH VNG THU MINH

GIO TRNH Mathcad

CHNG I: GII THIU Mathcad 2001i

KS. HUNH VNG THU MINH

GIO TRNH Mathcad

CHNG I: GII THIU Mathcad 2001i

Text di, Result

: nh dng cho vn bn v kiu ch, kch c, ch s trn, ch s : nh dng kt qu (hnh 1.9)

Hnh 1.9. nh dng kt qu

KS. HUNH VNG THU MINH

GIO TRNH Mathcad

CHNG I: GII THIU Mathcad 2001i

Nhp p du hoa th ta thy dng n gin hn ca biu thc.

Symbolics (hnh 1.12) Cc php ton v Symbolics: thiu k chng 3.

Hnh.1.12 Window (hnh 1.13) Cascade : cc ca s xp chng ln nhau. Hnh.1.13

GIO TRNH Mathcad

CHNG I: GII THIU Mathcad 2001i

Tile Horizontal Tile Vertical

KS. HUNH VNG THU MINH

GIO TRNH Mathcad

CHNG I: GII THIU Mathcad 2001i

Thanh cng c chun (Standard Toolbar) (hnh 1.15)

Thanh nh dng (Formatting Toolbar) (hnh 1.16)

Thanh cng c Math (Math Toolbar)

Hnh 1.17.Thanh Math

Evaluation toolbar Calculus toolbar

GIO TRNH Mathcad

CHNG I: GII THIU Mathcad 2001i

Thanh trng thi (Status bar) (hnh1.19 )

Hnh 1.19. Thanh trng thi

KS. HUNH VNG THU MINH

GIO TRNH Mathcad

CHNG I: GII THIU Mathcad 2001i