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TNG CC MI TRNG
CC THM NH V NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
HNG DN K THUT LP BO CO
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
D N NH MY NHIT IN
H NI, 10/2009
MC LC
LI NI U .....................................................................................................................5
LI NI U .....................................................................................................................5
CHNG 1. GII THIU TM TT D N NH MY NHIT IN .....................6
1.1. Khi qut v vic trin khai loi hnh d n Vit Nam: ........................................6
1.2. M t s lc v loi hnh d n: .............................................................................6
1.2.1. Cc thng tin chung v d n ............................................................................6
1.2.2. Cc hot ng ca d n trong giai on xy dng...........................................6
(1). Phng n s dng t ......................................................................................6
(2). Cc hot ng gii phng mt bng, n b, gii to, ti nh c ....................7
(3). Cc hot ng san lp mt bng........................................................................7
(4). Cc hot ng xy dng c bn ........................................................................7
(5). Trng cy xanh ..................................................................................................7
1.2.3. Cc hot ng ca d n trong giai on vn hnh ...........................................7
1.2.3.1. Sn phm, cng sut ...................................................................................7
1.2.3.2. Cng ngh sn xut .....................................................................................7
1.2.3.3. My mc thit b .........................................................................................8
1.2.3.4. Nhu cu nguyn liu, ho cht, nhin liu, din, nc phc v nh my
nhit din................................................................................................................11
1.2.3.5. Phng thc vn chuyn, cung cp v bo qun nguyn, nhin vt liu .12
1.2.3.6. Ngun cung cp nc, im ly nc v nhu cu v nc ......................12
1.2.3.7. Bin ch lao ng v t chc thc hin ....................................................12
1.2.4. u t d n.....................................................................................................13
1.2.5. Tin thc hin d n ...................................................................................13
CHNG 2. THU THP S LIU, KHO ST V NH GI IU KIN T
NHIN V KINH T X HI TI KHU VC D N NH MY NHIT IN ....14
2.1. iu kin t nhin :.................................................................................................14
(1). Ti nguyn t .....................................................................................................17
(2). Cht lng nc ..................................................................................................17
(3). Cht lng khng kh ..........................................................................................18
(4). Ting n, rung ................................................................................................19
2.2. c im kinh t - x hi : ......................................................................................20
CHNG 3. NH GI TC NG CA D N NH MY NHIT IN TI
MI TRNG T NHIN V KINH T - X HI .....................................................22
3.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh chun b mt bng .........................22
3.2. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng .......................................22
3.2.1. Ngun gy tc ng trong giai on xy dng ................................................22
3.2.2. nh gi tc ng trong qu trnh xy dng ...................................................23
(1). Tc ng n mi trng nc trong giai on xy dng:.............................23
(2). Tc ng n mi trng khng kh trong giai on xy dng......................24
(3). Tc ng n mi trng t trong giai on xy dng .................................24
(4). Cht thi rn trong giai on xy dng ...........................................................24
3.3. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh vn hnh ........................................24
3.3.1. Cc ngun cht thi trong giai on vn hnh .................................................24
3.3.2. nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng vt l ...................................................25
3.3.2.1. Tc ng n mi trng khng kh.........................................................25
3.3.2.2. Tc ng n mi trng nc.................................................................27
1
1. Kt lun: .................................................................................................................59
2. Kin ngh:...............................................................................................................59
3. Cam kt: .................................................................................................................59
TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................................61
PH LC...........................................................................................................................62
PH LC I. PHIU IU TRA KINH T - X HI.................................................62
PH LC II. CC PHNG PHP NH GI TC NG MI TRNG S
DNG CHO LOI HNH D N ...............................................................................63
LI NI U
Nm 2001 Cc Mi trng, B Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi trng xy dng
hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) D n Nhit in ph hp
vi Lut Bo v Mi trng (BVMT) c Quc hi Nc CHXHCN Vit Nam thng
qua ngy 27/12/1993 v Ch tch Nc k lnh cng b ngy 10/01/1994 v Ngh nh
175/CP ngy 18/10/1994 ca Chnh ph v Hng dn thi hnh Lut Bo v Mi
trng. T khi ra i, bn hng dn ny c cc c quan qun l nh nc v mi
trng, cc c quan t vn mi trng v cc nh my nhit in trn phm vi c nc
p dng trong qu trnh lp v thm nh bo co TM cho cc D n nhit in.
Tuy nhin, bn hng dn lp bo co TM D n Nhit in tr ln li thi k t
khi Quc hi Nc Cng ha X hi ch ngha Vit Nam thng qua Lut Bo v Mi
trng ngy 29/11/2005 thay th cho Lut BVMT nm 1993. Tip theo Chnh ph
ban hnh Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 v/v Quy nh chi tit v hng
dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng; B Ti nguyn v Mi trng
ban hnh Thng t s 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/09/2006 v Hng dn nh gi mi
trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. Ngy
28/02/2008, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP v/v sa i, b sung mt
s iu ca Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP v quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s
iu Lut Bo v mi trng v B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh Thng t s
05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08 thng 12 nm 2008 hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc,
nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng thay th Thng t s 08/2006/TTBTNMT. Trc tnh hnh vic b sung, cp nht, xy dng li hng dn k thut lp
bo co TM D n nhit in ph hp vi cc quy nh hin hnh, c kh nng ho
nhp quc t l cn thit v cp bch.
Nhm p ng tnh hnh nu trn, c php ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng,
Tng Cc Mi trng, Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng t chc
nghin cu, bin son cc hng dn lp bo co TM chuyn ngnh. Cc hng dn
ny mang tnh hng dn k thut khng ch cho cc ch u t, cc c quan t vn lp
bo co TM ca cc D n m cn gip cho cc c quan qun l nh nc trong cng
tc thm nh bo co TM.
c s ti tr ca Hp phn Kim sot nhim ti cc khu vc ng dn ngho
(PCDA), Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng hon chnh bn Hng dn
k thut lp bo co TM D n nhit in.
Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng xin gii thiu hng dn k thut
lp bo co TM D n Nhit in. Trong qu trnh p dng vo thc t, nu c kh
khn, vng mt xin kp thi phn nh v Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi
trng theo a ch:
Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng
83 Nguyn Ch Thanh, H Ni
in thoi: 844-37734246
Fax: 844-37734916
tin lin lc, h thng x l nc thi, bi trung chuyn cht thi rn); t cy xanh, mt
nc Trnh by r din tch tng hng mc cng trnh, t l % trn tng mt bng d
n. Lp s phn b mt bng d n, ch r trn s tng hng mc cng trnh.
(2). Cc hot ng gii phng mt bng, n b, gii to, ti nh c
M t r hin trng khu t d n bao gm cc s liu o c, kim k hoa mu, vt
kin trc; s h dn v nhn khu b tc ng do gii to; s m m phi di di c
tnh kinh ph n b; ch r phng n ti nh c (s h ti nh c, v tr ti nh c).
(3). Cc hot ng san lp mt bng
M t r khi lng t b mt b bc tch trc khi san lp; phng n thi b t
bc tch. M t cao san lp mt bng; c tnh khi lng t ct cn thit cho cng
tc san lp; ngun t ct san lp, phng tin vn chuyn t ct san lp (ng b hay
ng thu).
(4). Cc hot ng xy dng c bn
M t cc hot ng xy dng c bn bao gm xy dng xng sn xut, bi cha
nguyn liu, kho cha nhin liu, vn phng; cc hng mc h tng k thut (ng giao
thng, bn cng, cp in, chiu sng, cp nc, thot nc, thng tin lin lc, h thng
x l nc thi, bi trung chuyn cht thi rn); c tnh tng khi lng cc loi nguyn
vt liu s dng cho xy dng c bn (, ct, xi mng, gch, st thp ); xc nh
ngun cung cp v phng tin vn chuyn ti khu vc d n. Lp s h thng ng
giao thng, cp nc, thot nc ma, thu gom v x l nc thi.
(5). Trng cy xanh
M t h thng cy xanh, din tch, v tr b tr cy xanh. Lu tng din tch cy
xanh khng thp hn 15% tng din tch khu t d n. Lp s b tr h thng cy
xanh trn khu t n.
1.2.3. Cc hot ng ca d n trong giai on vn hnh
1.2.3.1. Sn phm, cng sut
Sn phm ca Nh my nhit in l nng lng phc v sn xut v bn trn th
trng theo quy nh ca Vit Nam. Cng sut ca nh my nhit in c xc nh
bng Kwh hay MW/nm.
1.2.3.2. Cng ngh sn xut
Nc chm thm
Hi nc p sut cao
Tua bin my pht in
Hi trung p, thp p
Lng hi cn li
in nng (220KV)
Thit b ngng t
Nc ngng t
Stt
Thit b
A
I
01
02
03
Thit b sn xut
H thng ni hi v ph tng
Ni hi v ph tng
Bn v ph tng
Thit b thay i nng v
ph tng
My bm v ph tng
Qut v ph tng
Van, thit b gim thanh v ph
tng
Nguyn vt liu
H thng bng ti
Tua bin hi nc, my pht
in v ph tng
Tua bin hi nc v ph tng
My pht in v ph tng
B ngng t v ph tng
H thng lm sch ng v ph
tng
My bm v ph tng
Thit b nng v ph tng
Qut v ph tng
B phn chuyn nhit
Nguyn vt liu
Thit b in
My bin th v ph tng
Bng vn hnh v ph tng
B tch in, pin v ph tng
B chuyn mch my pht in
v ph tng
M t v ph tng
H thng iu khin phn phi
v ph tng
BUS DUCT v ph tng
Cp v ph tng
Thit b o (p lc, cng ,
nhit )
Van iu khin v ph tng
Thit b lc bi tnh in (EP)
v ph tng
H thng lc bi v ph tng
My bin th v ph tng
Bng vn hnh v ph tng
My lm nng, qut gi v ph
04
05
06
07
08
II
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
III
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
IV
01
02
03
04
VT
S
lng
Tnh
trng
Stt
05
06
07
08
V
01
02
03
04
VI
01
02
03
04
05
06
VII
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
B
I
01
02
03
04
05
II
01
02
03
Thit b
tng
Bn cha v ph tng
Ti lc, qut gi v ph tng
My v thit b d tro bay (gm
c dng t)
Nguyn vt liu
Thp lm lnh v ph tng
Thp lm lnh, qut v ph
tng
My bm v ph tng
M t v ph tng
Bn cha v ph tng
H thng kh lu hunh
trong kh thi (FGD)
My bm v ph tng
Qut v ph tng
My trn v ph tng
Thit b kim sot mi trng
v ph tng
a lc, thit b ngn sng m
v ph tng
Nguyn vt liu
Thit b n mn v ph tng
My bm v ph tng
Qut v ph tng
My trn v ph tng
Bn cha v ph tng
Ti lc v ph tng
Thit b nng v ph tng
Van xoay, b lc v ph tng
Nguyn vt liu
Cng trnh, thit b ph tr
C s h tng
Nh cha than v thit b
ng c diesel v ph tng
Bng iu khin ng c
diesel
Bn cha v ph tng
Ni hi p sut thp v ph
tng
X l nc thi
Bm v ph tng
Thit b trn v ph tng
My p xon v ph tng
VT
S
lng
Tnh
trng
Mi
10
Stt
Thit b
04
05
Bn cha v ph tng
Thit b o (p lc, cng
, nhit , )
Trm in
GIS v ph tng
My bin th v thit b
Thit b chuyn mch v ph
tng
H thng qun l ngun v
ph tng
B tch in v ph tng
Thit b o MOF v ph tng
Cp v ph tng
Xng bo tr
Bng khi ng v ph tng
Bng vn hnh v ph tng
My nng v ph tng
My hn v ph tng
Phng tin vn chuyn
Thit b vn phng
III
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
IV
01
02
03
04
V
VI
VT
S
lng
Tnh
trng
Nguyn vt liu th
01
02
03
Than
Du nng FO
Nc kh
khong
Nc lc
Cht ty xi
(Hygen)
Ph gia ty g
NH3 (Amonic)
MgO
04
05
06
07
08
VT
Mc tiu th
(VT/nm)
n gi
(USD)
Ngun cung cp
D kin
Stt
Nguyn vt liu th
01
02
Nc th
Clorua st hoc
sulfat nhm
Nc lc
HCl
NaOH
03
04
05
VT
Mc tiu th
(VT/nm)
n gi
(USD)
Ngun cung cp
D kin
12
1.2.4. u t d n
Cn trnh by v tng mc u t v ngun vn u t ca d n, nu r vn u t
cho xy dng c bn, mua sm my mc thit b, trong c vn u t cho cc cng
trnh bo v mi trng.
1.2.5. Tin thc hin d n
Trnh by v lch trnh thc hin cc hng mc cng trnh ca D n t giai on
chun b n giai on hon thnh a cng trnh vo hot ng.
13
14
Mi trng v
Thng s
ti nguyn
(1)
(2)
(3)
1. iu kin t nhin
1.1
V tr a l
a danh, to v v tr a l ca
khu vc thc hin d n. V tr d
n trong mi quan h vi khu vc
ln cn.
1.2
c im a
M t nhng c im a hnh ca
hnh, a mo
khu vc d n mt cch chi tit
(ni, i, ng bng...)
1.3
c im kh
- Nhit
tng, kh hu, - Lng ma, m
thu vn
- Ch gi
- Cc hin tng thi tit bt
thng
- Lu lng, tc dng chy,
mc nc ca ngun tip nhn
nc thi
2. Ti nguyn thin nhin
2.1
Ti nguyn t - Tng din tch t t nhin v
cht lng t
- Hin trng s dng t (nng
nghip, lm nghip, chuyn dng,
t , t s dng khc, t cha
s dng)
2.2
Ti nguyn
- c im thu vn ti khu vc d
nc mt
n (sng, h, knh mng)
- Hin trng s dng ti nguyn
nc mt trong khu vc
2.3
Ti nguyn
- c im a cht thu vn khu
nc ngm (v vc (tng cha nc, tr lng,
nc khong) cht lng nc ngm).
- Hin trng khai thc v s dng.
2.4
Ti nguyn sinh Cc s liu v thm thc vt v h
vt
ng vt trong khu vc thc hin
d n. Cn c bit ch n
nhng chng loi c th ca khu
vc hoc c trong Sch
3. Hin trng cht lng mi trng vt l
15
3.1
Cht lng t
- Tng Phenol
- Cc kim loi nng
- Du m
3.2
Cht lng
- Nhit
nc mt, nc - pH
ngm
- Cht rn l lng
- c
- mu
- Tng khong ho
- Oxy ho tan (DO)
- Nhu cu oxy sinh ho (BOD5)
- Nhu cu oxy ho hc (COD)
- Clorua
- Tng lng st (Fe)
- Hm lng du, m
- E.Coli
- Tng s Coliform
3.3.
Cht lng
khng kh
- CO
- SO2
- NOx
- Aldehyt
- Bi l lng tng s (TSP)
- Tng hydrocacbon (THC)
3.4
3.5
Ting n
rung
- L50
- L eq
- Lmax
- Gia tc
- Vn tc
- Tn s
S liu mi trng t nhin sau khi c thu thp cn phi c x l v th hin r
rng, chi tit trong bo co TM. Di y l mt s hng dn k thut v vic xc
nh cht lng ca tng thnh phn mi trng.
(1). Ti nguyn t
Ti nguyn t ti khu vc d n c nh gi da vo cc s liu iu tra v hin
trng s dng t cho cc mc ch pht trin kinh t x hi. Cc s liu cn c th
hin mt cch nh lng nh bng 5 di y.
Bng 5. Hin trng s dng t khu vc d n
TT Mc ch s dng
01
02
03
04
t nng nghip
t lm nghip
t
t khc
Tng din tch t t nhin
Ch tiu
Nhit
pH
c
Hm lng cn l
lng (SS)
xy ho tan (DO)
BOD5
COD
Tng N
Tng P
n v
0
im o/ly mu
W1
W2
Phng php ly
mu/thit b o
C
NTU
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
17
10
11
12
13
14
Coliform
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
MPN/
100 ml
MPN/
100 ml
Ch tiu
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
pH
c
Tng cht rn ho tan
(TDS)
oxy ho KMnO4
kim ton phn
cng
ClPO43NH4+
NO2SO42 Fe
Tng Phenol
E.Coli
15
Coliform
n v
-
im o/ly mu
GW1
GW2
Phng php ly
mu/thit b o
NTU
mg/l
mg/l
mglg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
MPN/
100 ml
MPN/
100 ml
Thng
Thng 1
Thng 2
Thng 12
Trung
bnh nm
Hng gi
Tc gi
(m/s)
Nhit
(oC)
m (%)
p sut
(mbar)
Bng 9: Cht lng khng kh ti khu vc d n
Thi gian o c, ly mu: ...............................................
a im
o c/ly
mu
KK1
KK2
KK3
TCVN (
so snh)
Nng cc kh c hi (mg/m3)
SO2
NO2
CO
THC
Bi
Aldehyt
Laeq (dBA)
Lamax (dBA)
L50 (dBA)
Ghi ch
TCVN
Ghi ch : V tr o ting n : TO1, TO2, TO3 ...
19
Gia tc (m/s2)
Vn tc (m/s)
Tn sut (Hz)
Ghi ch
TCVN
Ghi ch : V tr o rung : DR1, DR2, DR3 ...
Da vo cc s liu iu tra, o c cc ch th mi trng t nhin nu trn, c th
nh gi hin trng mi trng t nhin ti khu vc D n Nh my nhit in trn c s
so snh vi cc tiu chun, quy chun mi trng Vit Nam v a phng. C th nh
sau:
- Mi trng vt l: cht lng t, nc mt, nc ngm, cht lng khng kh,
iu kin kh tng, ting n, rung.
- Ti nguyn sinh vt: ng vt, thc vt, h sinh thi, bao gm c sinh vt di
nc v sinh vt trn cn, cn c bit quan tm i vi ng vt hoang d v thc vt
qu him.
- Ti nguyn t: hin trng s dng t, vn gii to mt bng phc v cho d
n;
2.2. c im kinh t - x hi :
iu kin kinh t - x hi ti khu vc D n v ln cn s chu tc ng trc tip bi
d n, v vy vic kho st v nh gi hin trng pht trin kinh t - x hi ca khu vc
l cn thit. Vic kho st, thu thp s liu v KTXH phi y , phi tin hnh khu
vc d n v vng ln cn chu tc ng ca D n.
Hin trng KT-XH ti khu vc D n nh my nhit in v vng ln cn s c
trnh by thng qua cc ch th c nu trong bng 12 di y.
Bng 12. Cc thng tin v KTXH cn thu thp khi lp TM D n nh my nhit
in
TT
Mi trng v
Thng s
ti nguyn
(1)
(2)
(3)
1. c im kinh t - x hi
1.1
Dn c Ch n tnh hnh dn c sinh
lao ng
sng ti khu vc thc hin d n
v chu tc ng ca d n
21
CHNG 3. NH GI TC NG CA D N NH MY NHIT IN
TI MI TRNG T NHIN V KINH T - X HI
Hot ng
Ngun tc ng
22
01
02
04
05
Ngun gy tc ng
Xi mn, bi lng rch, sng khu vc d n
Ting n, rung
Tc ng x hi do gii phng mt bng, n b, ti nh c
S tp trung lng ln cng nhn xy dng gy ra xo trn i sng x hi ti a
phng.
3.2.2. nh gi tc ng trong qu trnh xy dng
(1). Tc ng n mi trng nc trong giai on xy dng:
23
Hot ng
Tc ng mi trng khng kh
Vn chuyn nguyn, nhin, vt liu
vo, ra nh my.
Qu trnh t than, du v nhin liu
khc cung cp nhit cho ni hi.
Qu trnh xp d nguyn vt liu ti
Ngun tc ng
- Kh thi t cc xe ti vn chuyn
nguyn vt liu, sn phm,
- Kh thi l t nhin liu
- Bi, kh thi giao thong t qu trnh
24
Stt
04
Hot ng
cng v vn chuyn v nh my.
Qu trnh bc d x than, bc d bn
thi t h thng x l kh thi
05
06
II
01
Tc ng mi trng nc
Hot ng lm mt v tun hon nc
02
Hot ng ca nh my nhit in
03
04
Lc bi tnh in
03
04
05
Ngun tc ng
xp d, qu trnh vn chuyn,
- Bi, kh thi pht sinh t qu trnh
xp d v vn chuyn x than, bn
thi.
- Kh thi t Tua bin, m t,
- Mi hi t cc h ga, khu v sinh,
khu cha cht thi rn,
Nc thi t h thng lm mt, dy
chuyn ngng t hi nc.
- Nc thi t qu trnh kh lu
hunh;
- Nc thi t y bn cha du;
- Nc thi t hot ng v sinh ni
hi, thit b
- Nc thi t h thng ti sinh nha
lm mm nc cp cho ni hi.
- Nc thi t qu trnh x l kh thi
- Nc thi t hot ng sinh hot
ca cn b, cng nhn.
- Nc ma chy trn trn ton b b
mt d n.
- Tro kh sinh ra trong qu trnh t
than Bitum, du v cc nhin liu
khc
- Tro sinh ra t h thng lc bi tnh
in.
- Bn thi t h thng x l nc thi
- Du nht thi, ho cht thi, gi lao
dnh du nht,
- Cht thi rn nh: bao b, giy, cc
tng, ti nylon,
d n v ch mang tnh tm thi. Tuy nhin, cng cn phi nh gi chi tit xut
cc bin php gim thiu thch hp.
- Ting n pht sinh giai on ny ch yu l t cc my mc san i v cc
phng tin giao thng vn ti vi mc n ln ti 80-90 dBA.
(2). Giai on hot ng
1). Tc ng ca kh thi
Cc ngun pht thi bi, kh c t nh my nhit in nh cp phn trn gm:
Kh thi l hi, kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn, nhim khng kh t qu trnh
bc xp nguyn vt liu v t cc ngun khc
Kh thi ca nh my nhit in c cha cc cht nhim c nng cao. Vic pht
tn kh thi s gp phn lm gia tng mc nhim khng kh ti khu vc d n, c
bit l nh hng n sc khe con ngi v cc h sinh thi. Do vy trong phn nh
gi tc ng ca kh thi n mi trng khu vc cn lm r cc ni dung sau:
- Cc ngun kh thi, lu lng kh thi ca tng ngun,
- Thnh phn, ti lng v nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi, c bit ch
nh gi cc thng s: bi, SO2, CO, CO2, NO2, THC, Aldehyt.
- Tnh ton mc lan truyn cc cht nhim khng kh, nh hng ca cc cht
nhim khng kh theo thi gian v khng gian trn c s s dng cc m hnh lan truyn
kh (Sutton, Guass, Screen 3, IGM, ISCT ...).
2). Tc ng ca ting n v rung ng
Ting n v rung cng l ngun gy nhim khng kh kh quan trng v c th
gy ra cc nh hng xu n mi trng v trc ht l n sc kho ca ngi lao
ng trc tip, sau l ti khu vc ln cn. Ting n lm gim nng sut lao ng, lm
gim thnh lc, dn ti bnh ic ngh nghip. rung nh hng quan trng ti nng
lc v chnh xc trong tc nghip lao ng, gim th lc v thch lc, d gy ra s c
tai nn lao ng.
Trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my nhit in, ting n v rung ng pht sinh
t cc ngun sau y:
- Ting n, rung ng pht sinh t qu trnh va chm hoc chn ng, chuyn ng
qua li do s ma st ca cc thit b. Trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n, ting n,
rung pht sinh ch yu t hot ng ca h thng cc my bm v m t in;
- Ting n, rung ng do cc phng tin giao thng vn ti l ting n pht ra t
ng c v do s rung ng ca cc b phn xe, ting n t ng x khi, ting n do
ng ca xe, ting rt phanh.
3). Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh
Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh c th hin qua bng 16 di y.
Bng 16: Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh.
Stt
Cht nhim
01 Bi
Tc ng
- Kch thch h hp, x ho phi, ung th phi;
26
Stt
Cht nhim
02
Kh axt
(SOx, NOx)
03
Oxyt cacbon
(CO)
04
Kh cacbonic
(CO2)
05
Tng
hydrocarbon
Tc ng
- Gy tn thng da, gic mc mt, bnh ng tiu ho.
- Gy nh hng h h hp, phn tn vo mu;
- SO2 c th nhim c qua da, lm gim d tr kim trong
mu;
- To ma axt nh hng xu ti s pht trin thm thc
vt v cy trng;
- Tng cng qu trnh n mn kim loi, ph hu vt liu
b tng v cc cng trnh nh ca;
- nh hng xu n kh hu, h sinh thi v tng zon.
- Gim kh nng vn chuyn xy ca mu n cc t chc,
t bo do CO kt hp vi hemoglobin v bin thnh
cacboxyhemoglobin.
- Gy ri lon h hp phi;
- Gy hiu ng nh knh;
- Tc hi n h sinh thi.
- Gy nhim c cp tnh: suy nhc, chng mt, nhc u,
ri lon gic quan c khi gy t vong.
3.3.2.2. Tc ng n mi trng nc
(1). Giai on xy dng:
Ngun gy nhim nc trong giai on xy dng ch yu l nc thi sinh hot
ca cng nhn v nc ma chy trn trn b mt cng trng xy dng.
- Do tp trung nhiu cng nhn xy dng nn lng nc thi sinh hot thng ln
(bnh qun 60-80 l/ngi/ngy m), song cng thay i theo thi gian v ma trong
nm. Nc thi sinh hot cha nhiu cht cn b, cht rn l lng, cht hu c, cc cht
dinh dng v vi sinh.
- Nc ma chy trn c lu lng ph thuc vo ch ma ca khu vc v
thng c c, hm lng cht rn l lng cao. Ngoi ra, nc ma chy trn cn
cha nhiu tp cht khc (du m, ho cht ri vi ...).
(2). Giai on hot ng ca nh my
Nc thi pht sinh trong giai on ny ca D n ch yu l nc thi sn xut,
nc thi sinh hot v nc ma chy trn.
1). Nc thi sn xut :
- Nc lm mt: Nh my nhit in s dng mt khi lng ln nc lm mt. Sau
khi s dng, nhit nc s tng ln, v vy, nc s c gii nhit trong thp lm
lnh trc khi thi ra mi trng hoc c ti s dng mt phn trong h thng x l
kh thi cha lu hunh (FGD). Nc thi c nhit cao s gy nh hng n cht
lng nc, gim nng xy ho tan trong nc (DO); nh hng n s a dng sinh
hc; nh hng n tc phn hu cc hp cht hu c trong nc.
- Nc thi t qu trnh x l kh thi cha lu hunh b nhim kim, cht rn l
lng (MgSO3, MgSO4) v c nhit cao. Nng cht rn l lng (SS) trong nc thi
27
29
30
31
3.4. nh gi ri ro, s c
3.4.1. S c mi trng trong giai on chun b mt bng v xy dng
(1). S c tai nn lao ng
Nhn chung, s c tai nn lao ng c th xy ra trong bt k mt cng on thi
cng xy dng d n. Nguyn nhn ca cc trng hp xy ra s c tai nn lao ng trn
cng trng xy dng c xc nh ch yu bao gm:
- nhim mi trng xy ra trong qu trnh thi cng lm nh hng xu ti sc
kho ca cng nhn. Mt vi loi nhim cp tnh tu thuc theo thi gian v mc tc
dng c kh nng gy mt mi, chong vng hay ngt cho cng nhn trong khi lao ng;
- Cng vic lp rp, thi cng v qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu vi mt xe,
ting n, rung cao c th gy ra cc tai nn lao ng, tai nn giao thng, ...
- Do tnh bt cn trong lao ng, thiu trang b bo h lao ng, hoc do thiu thc
tun th nghim chnh v ni quy an ton lao ng ca cng nhn thi cng.
(2). S c chy n
S c chy n c th xy ra trong trng hp vn chuyn v tn cha nhin liu,
hoc do s thiu an ton v h thng cp in tm thi, gy nn cc thit hi v ngi v
ca trong qu trnh thi cng. C th xc nh cc nguyn nhn c th nh sau:
- Cc kho cha nguyn nhin liu tm thi phc v cho thi cng, my mc, thit b
k thut (sn, xng, du DO, du FO...) l cc ngun gy chy n. Khi s c xy ra c
th gy ra thit hi v ngi, kinh t v mi trng;
- H thng cp in tm thi cho cc my mc, thit b thi cng c th gy ra s c
git, chp, chy n, , gy thit hi v kinh t hay tai nn lao ng cho cng nhn;
- Vic s dng cc thit b gia nhit trong thi cng (un, ri nha ng, ...) c th
gy ra chy, bng hay tai nn lao ng nu nh khng c cc bin php phng nga.
(3). S c tai nn giao thng
S c tai nn giao thng c th xy ra bt k lc no trong qu trnh thi cng, gy
thit hi v tnh mng v ti sn. Nguyn nhn c th do phng tin vn chuyn khng
m bo k thut hoc do cng nhn iu khin khng ch hoc khng tun th cc
nguyn tc an ton giao thng.
3.4.2. S c mi trng trong giai on vn hnh nh my
(1). S c tai nn lao ng
Tai nn lao ng c th xy ra khi nh my nhit in ang hot ng. Nguyn nhn
ch yu l do:
- Bt cn ca cng nhn trong vn hnh my mc, thit b;
- Tnh trng sc kho ca cng nhn khng tt: Ng gt trong lc lm vic, lm vic
qu sc gy chong,
- Bt cn ca cng nhn trong qu trnh nhp xut nguyn, nhin, vt liu.
32
33
34
- B tr hp l cc cng on sn xut, cc khu ph tr, khu kho bi, khu hnh chnh
v c di cy xanh ngn cch c t l din tch cy xanh trn tng din tch t s dng
ca d n hp l (ti thiu 15%). Cc h thng thi kh, ng khi ca nh my cn b tr
cc khu vc thun li cho vic gim st v x l.
- Khu vc b tr khu x l nc thi tp trung, x l rc thi cn c t pha
cui hng gi ch o.
(2). p dng cng ngh tin tin, cng ngh sch, t cht thi
Vic la chn cng ngh tin tin, hin i, tiu th t nguyn vt liu, nc, nng
lng ; thi ra t cht thi s gp phn nng cao hiu qa sn xut, tit kim nguyn liu,
nng lng, gim tc ng bt li ti mi trng. Gii php ny cn phi c quan tm
ngay t khu la chn cng ngh, thit b v vt liu phc v cho sn xut giy v bt
giy.
4.2. Cc bin gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc trong giai on xy dng d n
4.2.1. Cc bin php t chc thi cng xy dng
- p dng cc bin php thi cng thch hp, c gii ho cc thao tc v qu trnh thi
cng xy dng cng trnh;
- Lp cc t chc thi cng xy dng theo tng hng mc cng trnh c bn qun
l v chu trch nhim ton din trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng;
- p dng bin php thi cng cun chiu theo tng giai on xy dng c th, nhanh
gn theo trnh t trc - sau hp l gia vic thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh c bn
bo m rt gn thi gian thi cng, bo m an ton giao thng v hn ch cc tc ng
c hi do bi, kh thi, gia cc khu vc thi cng trn cng trng.
- Ch u t d n s yu cu n v thi cng xy dng p dng cc gii php c th
cho vic bo v mi trng trong qu trnh thi cng hng mc cng trnh m nhim;
- B tr hp l ng vn chuyn v i li, trnh ng vn chuyn i ngang qua
khu vc dn c, cm vn chuyn v thi cng cc cng vic c mc n cao vo ban m,
hoc gim tc khi i qua khu vc dn c;
- Lp ro chn cch ly cc khu vc nguy him nh khu cha vt liu d chy n
(kho cha nhin liu xng du, ...);
- Thit k chiu sng cho nhng ni cn lm vic ban m, hoc nhng ni o su
lp t ng ng, ng dy;
- Cc cht thi rn xy dng, cc vt liu ph b c thu gom thng xuyn v vn
chuyn ra khi cng trng, tp trung vo cc khu x l chung ca a phng;
- Tin hnh kim tra, bo dng thng xuyn cc phng tin vn ti, cc my
mc thit b k thut thi cng, bo m tuyt i an ton trong thi cng;
- Lp t ng ng thot nc ma, hoc thng xuyn khi thng dng chy theo
a hnh t nhin nhm khng ch tnh trng ng, ngp ng, snh ly, che chn
nguyn vt liu trnh b nc ma cun tri trong qu trnh thi cng cc hng mc cng
trnh c bn ca d n.
35
4.2.2. Cc bin php kim sot nhim trong hot ng ca cng nhn
- Thu gom v chn lp hp v sinh rc thi sinh hot ti khu vc quy nh;
- Xy dng b t hoi tm thi hoc thu nh v sinh di ng ; lp t thng rc,
quy nh bi rc, ... trnh phng u, vt rc sinh hot ba bi gy nhim mi trng;
- u tin tuyn chn cng nhn xy dng gn khu vc d n gim lng cng
nhn trong ln tri, gim lng cht thi pht sinh v nhim, hn ch cc tc ng x
hi tiu cc ti khu vc d n;
- T chc ba n tp trung cho cng nhn ti cng trng, m bo cc yu cu v
v sinh, an ton thc phm.
4.2.3. Cc bin php an ton lao ng
- Quy nh cc ni quy lm vic ti cng trng, bao gm Ni quy ra, vo lm vic
ti cng trng; Ni quy v trang phc bo h lao ng; Ni quy s dng thit b nng
cu; Ni quy v an ton in; Ni quy an ton giao thng; Ni quy an ton chy n, ...
- T chc tuyn truyn, ph bin cc ni quy cho cng nhn bng nhiu hnh thc
khc nhau nh in ni quy vo bng treo ti cng trng, ln tri; t chc hc ni quy; t
chc tuyn truyn; thanh tra v nhc nh ti hin trng, ...
- T chc theo di tai nn lao ng, xc nh kp thi nguyn nhn tai nn v p
dng cc bin php khc phc kp thi nhm trnh xy ra tai nn tng t;
- Lp t bin cm ngi qua li khu lm vic ca thit b nng cu;
- Lp h thng bin bo ch dn ng, bin bo an ton giao thng ti khu vc
cng trng;
- Lp t bin bo cm la ti cc khu vc d gy ra chy n (kho xng du, kho
sn, dung mi, kho vt t d chy n, trm bin p, ...).
- Trang b cc phng tin cha chy ti cc kho (bnh bt, bnh CO2, ct, h nc,
cc khu mc git, ...).
- T chc tuyn truyn, kim tra, thanh tra cng tc phng chng chy n ti cc
kho, ln tri ca cc n v thi cng.
4.3. Cc bin gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc trong giai on hot ng d n
4.3.1. Gim thiu tc ng do kh thi trong giai on hot ng
Nh trnh by trong chng 4, nhim khng kh Nh my nhit in ch yu l
do kh thi t ni hi t than (hoc t du, t nhin liu khc ) v cc dng kh c
trng pht ra t dy chuyn cng ngh. Do vy gim thiu tc ng mi trng khng
kh c th p dng cc bin php sau y:
- Dng nhin liu (than hoc du) c hm lng lu hunh thp.
- p dng cng ngh tin tin.
- Xy dng ng khi c chiu cao ph hp trong mi tng quan vi lu lng,
nng kh thi, a hnh v iu kin kh hu khu vc.
- Trong cc phn xng ca nh my cn phi c thit k m bo iu kin v
sinh cng nghip, m bo thng thong v m bo ch vi kh hu bn trong cng
36
trnh nht l ti nhng v tr thao tc ca ngi cng nhn bng cch thit lp h thng
thng gi t nhin, h thng thng gi ht, thng gi chung v thng gi cc b.
- Ti cc ngun sinh ra kh thi c hi v bi: lp t cc thit b x l kh, bi c
cng sut ph hp m bo kh thi sau khi x l t tiu chun mi trng cho php.
Cc bin php khng ch nhim khng kh cn phi p dng i vi nh my nhit
in (v d : nhit in t than) bao gm :
(1). Kim sot kh thi t l hi t than
S h thng kim sot kh thi ca Nh my nhit in t than c trnh by
trong hnh 2.
Nc nng
MgO
Kh thi/
Thu hi nhit
B cha
Mg (OH)2
Lc bi
tnh in
H thng kh lu
hunh (FGD)
ng khi
Tro kh
Trm x l nc thi
tp trung ca nh
my in
Bnh bn
Do yu cu nghim ngt hn trong tiu chun mi ban hnh nm 2005 (TCVN 7440
- 2005; TCVN 5939 - 2005 v TCVN 5940 - 2005) nn h thng kim sot kh thi ca
Nh my nhit in cn phi b sung thm thit b kh chn lc NOx bng xc tc SCR
(Xem Hnh 3). Thnh phn chnh ca xc tc l Oxit Titan (TiO2), tc nhn kh b sung
l NH3/O2. Thit b SCR c b tr trc khi dng kh thi i vo thit b lc bi tnh
in. Hiu sut kh NOx ca thit b SCR c th t trn 80%.
Kh thi/
Thu hi nhit
H thng kh
NOX bng
xc tc SCR
Nc nng
MgO
B cha
Mg (OH)2
Lc bi
tnh in
H thng kh lu
hunh (FGD)
ng
khi
Tro kh
Trm x l nc thi
tp trung ca nh
my in
Sng
Th Vi
Bnh bn
Hnh 3: Thit b kh NOx trong h thng kim sot kh thi nh my nhit in
Kh thi sau x l ti ng khi ca Nh my nhit in c th t tiu chun kh thi
ngnh cng nghip nhit in TCVN 7440 - 2005 (t than) v tiu chun TCVN 5939 2005 (ct B).
Kh thi sau x l s c pht tn qua ng khi c chiu cao ph hp.
(2). Kim sot bi trong qu trnh bc xp
Bi pht sinh trong qu trnh bc xp s c kim sot bng cc bin php sau y:
- Thng xuyn phun nc trong khu vc bc xp c bit l trong ma kh;
- Ra sch xe vn chuyn khi xe ri khi khu vc bc xp;
- Ph kn thng xe;
- S dng loi kho vm kn cha than.
(3). Kim sot kh thi ca cc phng tin giao thng
Bin php qun l mc nhim kh thi t cc phng tin nh sau:
- Thc hin cng tc bo dng xe ng nh k;
- S dng nhin liu ng vi thit k ca ng c;
- Vn chuyn than t cng n Nh my bng xe container kn.
- Kim sot s pht tn bi khi vn chuyn tro gia khu vc D n v khu vc ti s
dng bng cch tng m ca tro, che ph xe ti vn chuyn bng vi bt v ra sch
38
Sau khi qua b t hoi nc thi sinh hot s thu gom, dn chuyn v Trm x l
nc thi cc b ca d n x l cng nc thi sn xut ca Nh my.
(3). Nc ma chy trn:
H thng thot nc ma v nc thi cn phi tch ring. H thng thot nc
ma c xy dng dc hai bn ng giao thng ni b, b tr cc h ga c song chn
rc, nc ma lng lc t nhin v c cc ging kim tra. Cc h ga s c nh k no
vt loi b nhng rc ri, cn lng. Bn thi c x l theo chn lp hp v sinh.
Sau khi i qua khu vc d n, h thng thot nc ma ca d n c u ni vo h
thng thot nc ma ca khu vc chy ra ngun nc tip nhn.
4.3.3. Gim thiu tc ng mi trng ca cht thi rn
Cc bin php khng ch nhim do cht thi rn s p dng cho nh my nhit
in nh sau :
(1). Bin php chung:
H thng qun l cht thi rn c th p dng ti Nh my nhit in c tm tt
trong hnh 4.
Tro t y ni
hi
Bi tro t h thng
lc tnh in
Nguyn liu th sn
xut gch, xi mng
Bnh bn t h
thng FGD
Cht thi nhim du
Cht thi
sinh hot
t trong l t
Chn lp
ti bi rc cng cng
in nh sau:
4.4.1. Phng chng chy n
Cc bin php phng chng chy n c th p dng cho nh my nhit in l :
- Cc my mc, thit b lm vic nhit , p sut cao c qun l thng qua cc
h s l lch c kim tra, ng kim nh k ti cc c quan chc nng nh nc. Cc
thit b ny c lp t cc ng h o nhit , p sut, mc dung dch trong thit b,
... nhm gim st cc thng s k thut;
- H thng cu ho c lp t gia khong cch ca cc cng trnh xy dng ln
hn 10m iu kin cho ngi v phng tin di chuyn khi c chy, gi khong rng
cn thit ngn cch m chy lan rng. Cc hng ly nc cu ho b tr u khp phm
vi nh my, kt hp cc dng c cha chy nh bnh CO2, bnh bt, ... trong tng b
phn sn xut v t nhng a im thao tc thun tin. H thng phun nc cha
chy t ng theo gii hn nhit 700C b tr u trn mi ca nh my, kt hp h
thng bm iu khin bng p lc trong ng ng hoc t b d tr nc trn cao;
- Trong cc v tr sn xut cn thc hin nghim ngt quy phm an ton i vi tng
cng nhn trong sut thi gian lm vic;
- Cc loi dung mi v nhin liu d chy c lu tr trong cc kho cch ly ring
bit, trnh xa cc ngun c kh nng pht la v tia la in, cc bn cha dung mi
c lp t cc van an ton, cc thit b theo di nhit , cc thit b bo chy, cha
chy t ng;
- Trong cc khu sn xut, kho nguyn liu v thnh phm c lp t h thng bo
chy, h thng thng tin, bo ng. Cc phng tin PCCC c kim tra thng xuyn
v trong tnh trng sn sng hot ng;
- Ban hnh ni quy v vic cm cng nhn khng c ht thuc, khng mang bt
la, dim qut, cc dng c pht ra la do ma st, tia la in, trong khu vc c th
gy chy.
- Thnh lp i phng chng chy n m nhim cng tc PCCC cho nh my ;
- Cng nhn lm vic trc tip trong cc nh xng sn xut, kho cha nhin liu
c tp hun, hng dn cc phng php phng chng chy n;
- u t cc thit b chng chy n ti cc khu vc kho cha hng ho nhin liu.
B tr h thng chng chy n ti xung quanh khu vc d n;
- Trang b cc thit b phng chng chy nhm cu cha kp thi khi s c xy ra;
- B tr cc hng ly nc cha chy v cung cp nc thch hp.
4.4.2. H thng chng st
Cc bin php chng st c th p dng ti nh my nhit in l :
- Lp h thng chng st cho cc v tr cao ca khu vc d n;
- Lp t h thng thu st, thu tnh in tch t v ci tin h thng theo cc cng
ngh mi nhm t an ton cao cho cc hot ng ca d n;
- Lp t in tr tip t xung kch < 10 khi in tr sut ca t < 50.000
43
/cm2. in tr tip t xung kch >10 khi in tr sut ca t > 50.000 /cm2;
- Lp t h thng chng st chung cho ton b khu vc Nh my nhit in v tng
nh xng, cng trnh kho tng;
- Lp t cc loi thit b chng st tch cc, cc tr chng st c b tr bo v
khp d n vi cao bo v tnh ton l 10 - 14m;
4.4.3. Phng chng r r nguyn nhin liu
phng chng v cp cu s c r r nguyn nhin liu dng lng hay kh pht
sinh t nh my nhit in, ch u t cn phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng kim tra
nghim ngt cc h thng k thut trong kho cha, phng tin vn ti v lp phng n
ng cu s c, c th nh sau:
4.4.3.1. H thng kho b cha
H thng kho cha nguyn nhin liu ca nh my nhit in phi p ng y
cc tiu chun Vit Nam v k thut, an ton (bao gm cc h thng lm mt, van thot
hi, h thng chng st, h thng cu ho, ...).
4.4.3.2. Vn ti v qu trnh nhp xut nhin liu
Cc bin php phng chng r r trong qu trnh vn ti v xut nhp nhin liu c
th p dng nh sau :
- Thc hin nghim ngt qui nh k thut, an ton trong qu trnh nhp xut nhin
liu;
- Cc phng tin vn chuyn xng du, nguyn liu lng, ... (nh xe bn, ...) c
t cch php nhn, cng nh p ng tiu chun an ton, k thut khi vn chuyn trn
ng giao thng.
4.4.3.3. Phng n x l s c r r
Ch u t d n cn phi phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng lp phng n cp
cu x l s c r r, trn du t nh my nhit in, t chc din tp cng tc cp cu
khi xy ra s c thng xuyn.
4.4.3.4. Qun l ri ro ca cc ho cht s dng trong sn xut
Cc bin php qun l ri ro cc ho cht s s dng trong qu trnh vn hnh nh
my nhit in c trnh by bng 17.
Bng 17 : Cc phng php qun l ri ro ca cc ho cht s dng trong sn xut
Stt
Tn ho cht
Quy nh php
lut (Thng t
08/2001/TTBCN)
01
Axt Clohydric
(HCl)
44
02
Natri
hydroxide
(NaOH)
03
Amonic
(NH3)
tt;
- Bo qun mt.
Khng quy nh S dng knh bo h, gng - trong chai, l chuyn
tay plastic kh ro
dng, ng cht nt chai.
- Trnh xa cc acid mnh, kim
loi.
- Bo qun ni kh ro, thong
mt
Nhp khu c S dng knh bo h, gng - Khng chy;
iu kin
tay plastic kh ro
- Khng ln vi cc cht
oxi ho, acid, halogen. Bo
qun mt.
- trong phng thng gi
tot.
45
49
50
52
CHNG 7. CU TRC CA BO CO NH GI TC NG
MI TRNG
53
M U
1. Xut x ca d n:
- Tm tt v xut x, hon cnh ra i ca d n u t, trong nu r l loi d n mi, d
n b sung, d n m rng, d n nng cp hay d n loi khc.
- C quan, t chc c thm quyn ph duyt d n u t (bo co u t/bo co kinh
t - k thut/d n u t hoc ti liu tng ng ca d n).
- Mi quan h ca d n vi cc quy hoch pht trin do c quan qun l nh nc c
thm quyn thm nh v ph duyt (nu r hin trng ca cc quy hoch pht trin c
lin quan n d n: c ph duyt th nu y tn gi ca quyt nh ph duyt
hoc ang trong giai on xy dng trnh cp c thm quyn thm nh v ph
duyt).
- Nu r d n c nm trong khu kinh t, khu cng ngh cao, khu cng nghip, khu ch
xut hay khng? Nu c th nu y tn gi v nh km bn sao cc vn bn sau
vo Ph lc ca bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng:
+ Quyt nh ph duyt (nu c) bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n u
t xy dng kt cu h tng ca khu kinh t, khu cng ngh cao, khu cng nghip, khu
ch xut do c quan c thm quyn cp;
+ Vn bn xc nhn (nu c) thc hin/hon thnh cc ni dung ca bo co v yu
cu ca quyt nh ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng do c quan c
thm quyn cp (i vi trng hp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n
xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu cng ngh cao c ph
duyt sau ngy 01 thng 7 nm 2006).
2. Cn c php lut v k thut ca vic thc hin nh gi tc ng m
trng (TM):
- Lit k cc vn bn php lut v vn bn k thut lm cn c cho vic thc hin TM
v lp bo co TM ca d n, trong nu y , chnh xc m s, tn, ngy ban
hnh, c quan ban hnh ca tng vn bn.
- Lit k cc tiu chun, quy chun p dng bao gm cc Tiu chun Vit Nam, Quy
chun Vit Nam; tiu chun, quy chun ngnh; cc tiu chun, quy chun quc t hoc
cc tiu chun, quy chun khc c nu trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng
ca d n.
- Lit k cc ngun ti liu, d liu s dng trong qu trnh nh gi tc ng mi
trng (tn gi, xut x thi gian, tc gi, ni pht hnh ca ti liu, d liu), bao gm:
+ Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho;
+ Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n t to lp.
3. Phng php p dng trong qu trnh TM:
Lit k y cc phng php s dng trong qu trnh thc hin TM v lp bo
co TM, bao gm cc phng php TM, cc phng php iu tra, kho st, nghin
cu, th nghim v cc phng php khc.
4. T chc thc hin TM:
- Nu tm tt v vic t chc thc hin TM v lp bo co TM ca ch d n, trong
54
- Lit k y thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc loi nguyn, nhin, vt liu (u vo)
v cc chng loi sn phm (u ra) ca d n km theo ch dn v tn thng hiu v
cng thc ho hc (nu c).
- M t chi tit v tin thc hin cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n t khi bt u
cho n khi hon thnh v i vo vn hnh chnh thc.
- Tng mc u t v ngun vn u t ca d n, trong , ch r mc u t cho hot
ng bo v mi trng ca d n.
- T chc qun l v thc hin d n.
Chng 2: IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T X
HI
2.1. iu kin t nhin v mi trng:
- iu kin v a l, a cht: ch cp v m t nhng i tng, hin tng, qu
trnh b tc ng bi d n (i vi d n c lm thay i cc yu t a l, cnh quan;
d n khai thc khong sn v d n lin quan n cc cng trnh ngm th phi m t
mt cch chi tit); ch dn ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho, s dng.
- iu kin v kh tng thu vn/hi vn:
+ iu kin kh tng: trnh by r cc c trng kh tng c lin quan n d n
(nhit khng kh, m, vn tc gi, hng gi, tn sut gi, nng v bc x, lng
ma, bo v cc iu kin v kh tng d thng khc); ch r di chui s liu;
ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho, s dng;
+ iu kin thu vn/hi vn: trnh by r cc c trng thu vn/hi vn c lin quan
n d n (mc nc, lu lng, tc dng chy v cc iu kin v thy vn/hi vn
khc); ch r di chui s liu; ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho, s dng.
- Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin: ch cp v m t nhng thnh
phn mi trng b tc ng trc tip bi d n, nh: mi trng khng kh tip nhn
trc tip ngun kh thi ca d n (lu hn n nhng vng b nh hng theo cc
hng gi ch o), ngun nc tip nhn trc tip nc thi ca d n, t, trm tch
v h sinh vt chu nh hng trc tip bi cht thi v cc yu t khc ca d n.
i vi mi trng khng kh, nc, t v trm tch i hi nh sau:
+ Ch dn r rng cc s liu o c, phn tch ti thi im tin hnh TM v cht
lng mi trng (lu : cc im o c, ly mu phi c m s, c ch dn v thi
gian, a im, ng thi, phi c th hin bng cc biu, bng r rng v c minh
ha bng s b tr cc im trn nn bn khu vc. Cc im o c, ly mu t
nht phi l cc im b tc ng trc tip bi d n. Vic o c, phn tch phi tun
th quy trnh, quy phm quan trc, phn tch mi trng; kt qu quan trc, phn tch
mi trng phi c hon thin v c xc nhn ca cc n v c chc nng theo
quy nh ca php lut);
+ Nhn xt v mc nhim khng kh, nc, t v trm tch so vi tiu chun, quy
chun k thut mi trng. Nhn nh v nguyn nhn, ngun gc nhim. Trong
trng hp c c s d liu v mi trng, nh gi s b v sc chu ti ca mi
trng khu vc d n theo tiu chun, quy chun k thut mi trng.
2.2. iu kin kinh t x hi:
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60
61
PH LC
PH LC I. PHIU IU TRA KINH T - X HI
1. Khu vc iu tra:
- Tn khu vc iu tra: ................................................................................
- S h dn: ..... (h). Tng s dn: ..........(ngi). Bnh qun:........ ngi/h.
- T l tng dn s trung bnh: ................. %.
2. Tnh trng t ai:
- Tng din tch t:............... (ha). Trong t nng nghip: ............. (ha).
- t cng nghip: ..................(ha). t khc: ....................................... (ha).
3. Tnh hnh kinh t:
- S h lm nng nghip: .............. (h). Phi nng nghip: (h)
- S ngi lm trong cc x nghip cng nghip ti a phng: (ngi)
- Thu nhp: Bnh qun:......... /thng.
Cao nht: ................../thng
Thp nht: ................/thng
- S h giu: ............................ (h). S h ngho: (h)
4. Cc cng trnh cng cng, h tng c s trong khu vc:
- C quan, Trng hc, Vin nghin cu: ................(c s)
- Nh my, X nghip cng nghip: ..........................(c s)
- Bnh vin, Trm Y t: ............................................(c s)
- Ch: ..................... (c s). Ngha trang: ................(c s)
- nh, cha, nh th: ................................(c s)
- Trnh trng giao thng, ng:
+ ng t:........................ %. + ng cp phi: ................%
+ ng b tng: ................ %. + ng gch:....................... %
- Tnh trng cp in, nc:
+ S h c cp in: ............. (h). + S h c cp nc: .......... (h)
5. Tnh hnh sc kho:
- S ngi mc bnh truyn nhim: ....... (ngi).
- Bnh mn tnh: ................(ngi)
- Bnh ngh nghip: ................(ngi)
6. Cc yu cu v kin ngh ca a phng v D n:
Xc nhn ca chnh quyn a phng
Ngy... thng.... nm
Ngi iu tra
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