Professional Documents
Culture Documents
L Vn Hin
Qung Th Nh Thy
GVHD:
MC LC
PHN 1. GII THIU TNG QUAN V CNG TY VISSAN
1. Lch s thnh lp v pht trin ca cng ty..............................................................................
1.1. Lch s thnh lp.........................................................................................................................
1.2. Chc nng...................................................................................................................................
1.3. Phng thc cng c v pht trin.............................................................................................
2. a im xy dng ......................................................................................................................
3. S ..............................................................................................................................................
3.1. S lc v X nghip ch bin kinh doanh thc phm...............................................................
3.2. Chc nng v nhim v ca X nghip.......................................................................................
3.3. S t chc v phn b nhn s ca X nghip.......................................................................
4. An ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy..............................................................................
4.1. An ton lao ng.........................................................................................................................
4.2. Phng chy cha chy................................................................................................................
4.2.1. Nhng nguyn nhn gy chy trong nh my.........................................................................
4.2.2. Phng trnh..............................................................................................................................
5. X l cht thi, v v sinh cng nghip......................................................................................
5.1. X l cht thi rn.......................................................................................................................
5.1.1. Cc loi vt cht ph thi.........................................................................................................
5.1.2. X l cht thi..........................................................................................................................
5.2. X l nc thi...........................................................................................................................
5.3. V sinh cng nghip....................................................................................................................
PHN 2. NGUYN LIU SN XUT CH GI R
1. Nguyn liu sn xut......................................................................................................................
1.1. Tht..............................................................................................................................................
1.1.1. Cc yu t nh hng ti cht lng tht.................................................................................
1.1.2. Cc bin i ca tht sau khi lnh ng...................................................................................
1.1.3. Cc bin i ca tht trong giao on tan gi...........................................................................
1.1.4. Cc yu cu k thut khi dng tht lnh ng sau qu trnh tan gi.........................................
1.2. Tm.............................................................................................................................................
1.3. C sn..........................................................................................................................................
1.4. Khoai mn...................................................................................................................................
1.5. Nm mo.....................................................................................................................................
1.6. C rt...........................................................................................................................................
1.7. Nc............................................................................................................................................
1.8. bnh trng r..............................................................................................................................
1.9. Bt nng......................................................................................................................................
1.10. Bn tu, min............................................................................................................................
1.11. u xanh...................................................................................................................................
1.12. C hnh tm...............................................................................................................................
1.13. Ti.............................................................................................................................................
2. Gia v..............................................................................................................................................
2.1. Mui............................................................................................................................................
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
1
GVHD:
2.2. Tiu.............................................................................................................................................
2.3. Bt Ngt......................................................................................................................................
2.4. ng.........................................................................................................................................
3. Ph liu.........................................................................................................................................
3.1. Cm da xay...............................................................................................................................
3.2. H dn.........................................................................................................................................
3.3. Bao b..........................................................................................................................................
4. iu kin vn chuyn v bo qun.............................................................................................
4.1 Phng tin vn chuyn...............................................................................................................
4.2 Ch vn chuyn.......................................................................................................................
4.3 Thi gian vn chuyn...................................................................................................................
4.4 Bao gi.........................................................................................................................................
4.5 Xp d..........................................................................................................................................
4.6 Lu kho bo qun........................................................................................................................
PHN 3. QUI TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT CH GI R
1 Qui trnh sn xut.........................................................................................................................
1. Thuyt trnh qui trnh .............................................................................................................
R ng..............................................................................................................................................
Ra.....................................................................................................................................................
Ngm..................................................................................................................................................
Tip nhn...........................................................................................................................................
Xo.....................................................................................................................................................
Xay.....................................................................................................................................................
Cn gia v...........................................................................................................................................
Trn nhn...........................................................................................................................................
Nc pha bnh trng..........................................................................................................................
2.10 nh hnh...................................................................................................................................
2.11 V bao b PE..............................................................................................................................
2.12 p m..........................................................................................................................................
2.13 Cp ng....................................................................................................................................
2.14 ng thng tr ng..................................................................................................................
4. THIT B S DNG
1. Thau nha, ban y...................................................................................................................
2. my xy
2.1....................................................................................................................C
u to my..................................................................................................................................
2.2 Nguyn tc hot ng ca my..................................................................................................
2.3Qui trnh vn hnh my...............................................................................................................
3 My ly tm....................................................................................................................................
3.1 Cu to my...............................................................................................................................
3.2 Nguyn tt hot ng................................................................................................................
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
2
GVHD:
4 My trn........................................................................................................................................
4.1 Cu to.........................................................................................................................................
4.2 Nguyn tc hot ng.................................................................................................................
4.3 Quy trnh vn hnh my
4.4 Cng dng.
5 cc my khc.................................................................................................................................
5.1 My bo si..................................................................................................................................
5.2 My ct hnh................................................................................................................................
5.3 Cho ............................................................................................................................................
5.4 Cc yu t v sinh nh hng n cht lng sn phm.
5.4.1 V sinh cng nhn.
5.4.2 V sinh qun o bo h lao ng.
5.4.3 V sinh my mc.
5.4.5 v sinh dng c bn gh
5.4.5 V sinh sn nh v tng vch trong xng ch bin.
5.4.6 Bng ng gi vic thc hin thao tc v sinh my mc, dng c, sn nh v vch tng
5.4.7 V sing trong lc ch bin
5.4.8 V sinh tn tr..
5.4.9 V sinh vn chuyn..
5.4.10 Bng nh gi vic thc hin v sinh trong lc ch bin, tn tr, vn chuyn.
5.5 mt s s c v hng khc phc
PHN 5. SN PHM......................................................................................................................
1. Mt s sn phm ti cng ty..........................................................................................................
2. nh gi cht lng ch gi..........................................................................................................
3. Bo qun v vn chuyn.....................................................................................
PHN 6. KT LUN V KIN NGH
GVHD:
thng nht ngnh tht heo, tru b trn a bn thnh ph theo vn bn 3486/UB ngy
20/8/1987 cng ty tip nhn v thnh lp 12 ca hng thc phm cc qun, hnh thnh mng
li bn l trc tip cho cng ty.
Bn cnh cng ty cng t ra phng hng pht trin trong tng lai.
S mt bng tng th
GVHD:
NG
SO
N
O
IG
SA
K HU HO
A THI E
U
TRAM
BM
K HU SA
N
XUA
T HA
NG
TRUY E
N THO
NG
N
C
I E
N
X
N G L O
C K H HI
K HU BA
O QUA
N
K HU SA
N XUA
T
THT NGUO
I
CHUO
N G HEO
BA
I XE
K HU GIE
T MO
HA
M PHA
N
PHO
N G K CS
SA
N TENIS
SO
NG
TH
U
VA
CHUO
N G GIA SU
C
TRAM
TIE
P
IE
N
CO
NG 2
CO
NG 1
3. S :
S t chc v b tr nhn s ca Cng ty:
GVHD:
Thc hin ng ch
3.3. S t chc v phn b nhn s ca X nghip ch bin kinh doanh thc phm
GVHD:
BAN GIM
C
PHNG KINH
DOANH
PHNG T CHC
HNH CHINH
Nghip
v
Nghip
v
Nghip
v
Bo
v
T xe
T bn
T
mua
xng
tht ngui
PHNG K THUT
KCS
PHNG K TON
Tip
th
xng
ch gi
Th
qu
T kcs
B
phn kt
ch gi
n lin
T lp
xng
T h
co+honh
thnh
T v
sinh
Sx th
PHNG
SX
GVHD:
BAN GIM
C
PHNG KINH
DOANH
PHNG T CHC
HNH CHINH
Nghip
v
Nghip
v
Nghip
v
Bo
v
T xe
T bn
T
mua
PHNG K THUT
KCS
PHNG K TON
Th
qu
Tip
th
T kcs
B
phn kt
xng
tht ngui
xng
ch gi
ch gi
n lin
T lp
xng
T pc bao
b
T nh
hnh
T h
co+honh
thnh
T v
sinh
- Trang b khu trang, giy ng cho cng nhn lm nhim v chn nui, v sinh chung tri.
- Trang b o lnh cho cng nhn lm trong kho lnh, tr ng.
- Trang b khu trang, gng tay, tp d, giy ng cho cng nhn trong xng sn xut.
Sx th
PHNG
SX
chp hnh nghim cc bin bo trong tng khu vc: cm la, cm ht thuc.
- Chp hnh tt cc k bo dng, bo qun thit b, v sinh nh xng, khi c s c phi thng
bo ngay kp thi x l.
4.2. Phng chy cha chy:
4.2.1 Nhng nguyn nhn gy chy trong nh my:
-
Do con ngi khng chp hnh vi phm qui nh v phng chy v cha chy, do s hay km
thc.
-
Mi thnh vin trong nh my, Cng ty u phi c trch nhim, thc c ngha v ca bn
thn trong vic phng chy, cha chy. Mi ngi phi c hc nhng nguyn tc c bn nht
trong phng v cha chy trng hp n gin.
4.2.3. Cha chy:
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
11
Phn, lng: gm phn, lng ca gia sc c sinh ra t khu tn tr vt nui sng, khu xng
git m.
-
5.1.2. Cch x l
Mi loi vt ph thi u c x l ring m bo vn an ton v sinh:
- i vi ph phm: c qut dn, gom, ht vo cc bao nilon kn v chc, khng r nc, rch,
buc kn ming bao. Khi lng ln ph thi c cha trong cc thng nha ln c lp y. Tt
c c vn chuyn tp trung vo bi rc ca Cng ty v xe rc s mang vo ni qui nh.
-
phng tin kn. Phn c tp trung khu tn tr vt sng, tin hnh ri vi bt kh trng
ngay trong ngy. Lng heo c tp trung vo nh cha lng, trong khi lng g v vt cho vo
cc bao ln thc hin x l trong ngy.
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
12
vc.
5.2. X l nc thi:
B cha tp cht
Trm bm
B cn bng
B phn hy ym kh
B x l sinh hc
H thng ng dn kh v ha cht
Cng vo
B kh trng
GVHD:
Nc Thai
Ch Bin
Lc
Nc Thai
Chung Trai
Tp Trung
Thi Kh B Cn Bng
R
c
X L B Tuyn Ni
Phn Hy Ym Kh
Trung Ha
X L VSV Hiu Kh
Kh Nit
Lng
Kh Trng
Nc Thi Loi
B
Nn Bn
Phn Hy
B
n
GVHD:
Vi tnh cht l Cng ty kinh doanh, sn xut, ch bin cc sn phm tht heo, tht b, tht g,
200ppm.
Cng nhn khi i ra ngoi phi v sinh ra tay sch s, khi quay tr vo cng phi thc hin v
sinh nh ban u.
-
ngy v hng dn cng nhn v ng ng quy cch. Cui mi ngy sau ca sn xut t v
sinh thc hin lm v sinh:
Lm v sinh dng c: r, mung, khay cha, gng tay, ym
+ Ra qua nc sch.
+ Dng x phng v bn chi c ra.
+ Ra li bng nc sch.
+ Ngm trong bn cha chlorine 200 ppm trong 15 pht.
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
16
GVHD:
Tht l ngun cung cp dinh dng giu nng lng cho c th.
Thnh phn cu trc ca tht l t l ca 3 loi m: m c, m lin kt v m m.
Thnh phn ha hc ca tht ph thuc vo nhiu yu t: c th gia sc, ging loi, gii tnh,
mc bo, mc ch nui dng, tui git tht v tng b phn ly tht.
nh gi phm cht tht phi cn c vo thnh phn ha hc, gi tr nng lng, mi v. Thnh
phn ha hc ca tht heo c xc nh nh sau:
1.1.1. Axit amin:
1.1.2.Khong:
Cht
khong: chim
khong 1,2
1,5%,
cha
nhiu
cht
Axit amin
Lysine
Methionine
Tryptophane
Phenyl alanine
Threonine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Arginine
Histidine
Trc co cng:
Sau khi git m xong tht cn nng, m c mm, kh nng lin kt vi nc cao nht, pH gn bng
7, nhit khong 360C, trng thi ny ko di khong 2-4 gi.
Qa trnh co cng:
Sau giai on trc co cng tht bt u co cng, lc ny bn c hc tng. Tht giai on ny
khng c mi v thm ngon. m tht thp, ti thi gian ny lng dch tht tch ra khi li tm s
tng ln khong 40%. M c suy yu dn sau khi s co cng t cc i. l kt qu ca qu
trnh sinh ha phc tp do enzym gy ra:
+ Phn hy glucogen to acid lactic v chuyn pH t trung ha v acid. S acid ha mi
trng c tc dng c ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt gy thi.
+ Phn hy acid adenosintriphosphoric (ATP)
ATP
ADP + (P) + Q
S ha nhy b mt:
y l dng h hng thng gp tht bo qun khi m khng kh cao (trn 90%) ch
yu do vi khun Pseudomonas, Streptococus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Achromobacter v mt
s loi thuc ging Lactobacillus. Nhit ti u cho s ha nhy l 2-100C, m tng
ng ca khng kh l 85-90%.
S ln men chua:
S mc tht:
S mc tht gy ra do s pht trin ca cc loi nm mc gy ra trn b mt tht. Nm mc
khng gy thi ra nhng thy phn protein, ko theo s thay i pH, nh hng n cht
lng tht.
S thi ra:
Hin tng thi ra xy ra do vi sinh vt hiu kh gy ra nh: Proteus vulgaris,
Bac.msentericus, Bac.subtilis. Qa trnh xy ra bt u t b mt sau pht trin vo su
trong lng tht qua cc mch mu, ng tip xc gia tht v xng.
S bin i mu sc ca sc t tht:
Mu ca tht c th bin thnh mu xm nu hoc mu lc do s sn sinh cc cht oxy
ha hydrosunfua ca vi khun.
S bin i ca m:
Vi khun phn gii m c kh nng lm tan m v thc y nhanh chng qu trnh oxy ha
m, lm m b i thiu. Hin tng ny xy ra do vi khun Pseudomonas v Achromobacter
gy nn.
Mu sc
Trng thi sau r ng
Trng thi bn ngoi
Mu sc
GVHD:
C mi thm t nhin, c trng ca khi tht,
khng c mi l.
Gii hn ti a (mg/kg)
Ch (Pb)
0,5
Cadimi (Cd)
0,05
0,03
Mc cht lng
Mu sc, mi v phi c trng cho
sn phm.
2. Ha l:
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
21
GVHD:
-
m tnh.
- Hm lng NH3.
< 40mg/100g.
- Hm lng NO2.
3. Vi sinh:
< 167mg/100g.
- Coliform.
- E.coli.
- Staphilococus aureus.
- Shamollena.
m tnh.
- Clostridium botulinum.
0 khun lc/gam.
- Clotridium perfringens.
- Bacillus cereus.
Mc cht lng
- Mu sc
- Mi v
GVHD:
2. Ha l:
- Hm lng nc
m tnh
kht).
- Ch s Peroxit (PV)
3. Vi sinh:
<5
< 103 khun lc/gam.
- Coliform
- E.Coli
0 khun lc/gam.
- Staphilococus aureus
m tnh.
- Samollena
1.2.Tm
Gii thiu chung:
-Tm thuc loi gip xc, thn di hi trn, c bao bng mt lp v
mng cu to bng cht chitin. Mu sc ca tm do sc t thuc lp cuticum
hay nhng t bo ring bit quyt nh.Tht tm ngon v rt c gi tr, hm
lng protein v mui khong trong tht tm rt cao. Trong tht tm c
cha nhiu enzym, do khi bo qun tm khng ng cch tm rt d b
h hng. Nu lu m khng c bin php bo qun th trong tht tm s
tch ly acid lactic lm cho tm nhanh chng b thi hng, m c tht s b
phn hy, mu sc ca tm s b bin i t mu trng sang xm, hm lng
NH3 trong tht tm s tng ln gy h hng sn phm.
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
23
Hnh 1- Tm
Ga tr dinh dng ca tm
a. Nc
C tht ca tm cha khong 70 85% nc. Hm lng nc ph thuc vo ging loi v
tnh trng ca tm. Trong c v trong t bo nc ng vai tr lm dung mi cho cc cht
tan, l mi trng cho cc phn ng sinh ha.
b. Protein
C tht ca tm cha khong 13 25% protein. Hm lng protein bin thin ty thuc vo
ging loi, iu kin dinh dng v cc loi c tht. im ng in ca protein tm l pH =
4,5 5,5. pH ny cc protein trung tnh v in, km a nc v ha tan trong nc
im cc tiu.
c. Lipid
M c ca tm cha lipid rt t, khong 0,05 3%. Thnh phn ch yu l photpholipid.
d. Vitamin
Cc vitamin c trong tm: vitamin B1, B2, PP, H, C Hm lng vitamin bin thin theo
ma v.
e. Khong cht
Tm l loi thc phm kh giu cht khong. Hm lng cht khong c trong tht tm bin
thin trong khong 0,6
sng ca tm.
Bng 2.8. Thnh phn ha hc ca tm [8]
(tnh theo trng lng ti)
Thnh phn
Protein
n v
g/100g
Tm
19 33
Lipid
0,3 1,4
Nc
76 79
Tro
1,3 1,87
Gluxit
0,5 1,5
Canxi
mg/100g
29 50
Photpho
33 67,6
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
St
1,2 5,1
24
Natri
11 127
Kali
127 - 565
GVHD:
Tm hng 1
bng, c trng,
sng
khng c m en
bng,
bt c im no trn
qu 10% s con
thn.
en
vnh
khng
ui
bng,
nhng co nh
vt en s mt
Trng thi
i.
Nguyn vn, khng mm, Nguyn vn khng
v u dnh cht vo
mm v, u
lng lo nhng
v v, ru nguyn
khng v gch,
vn.
dn t nhng
Mi
khng st v.
Tanh t nhin, khng c Tanh t nhin, khng
mi l.
Ngt m, nc luc trong.
c mi l.
Ngt, nc luc
trong.
GVHD:
1.3. Gh
ca sng v y bn.
(g)
(Kcal)
Nc Protein
Lipid Gluxit
93
75,5
19,9
0,5
2,2
Canxi
1,9
134
(mg)
Phospho
180 3,8
Vitamin
(mg)
35,8
0.04
0,07
3,9
GVHD:
2.1. Nm mo
Gii thiu chung:
-Nm mo l mt loi thc phm c gi tr dinh dng tng i cao. Giu cht khong v cc
acid amin khng thay th, cc vitamin A, B, C, Dv khng c cc c
t
- C th coi nm mo nh mt loi rau sch. Ngoi gi tr dinh dng
nm mo cn c nhiu c tnh ca bit dc, c kh nng phng v
cha bnh nh: lm h huyt p, chng bo ph, cha bnh ng rut,
Hnh 3-Nm mo
Ti
87,1
7,7
0,8
87,6
14,0
3,9
Kh
13,0
,97
1,2
84,2
9,1
6,7
2.2. C sn
Gii thiu chung
- Cy sn c ngun gc Nam M, sn c du nhp vo Vit Nam
t th k 19. Sn pht trin tt trn cc vng t ct ven bin, ph sa
mi min t nc.
- Ty theo ging, iu kin canh tc v mu m ca t m c
sn c kch thc: di 0,1
Hnh 4-C sn
GVHD:
Sn vng (%)
63,18
34,20
0,61
0,20
0,50
31g
75g
Sn trng (%)
91,80
32,90
0,13
0,21
0,83
58g
75g
2.3. Ti
Gii thiu chung
Ti c dng trong ch bin thc phm nhm lm tng tnh thm ngon
v cn c tc dng h tr tiu ha v khng sinh.
-Cc dc tnh quan trng ca hot tnh allicin trong ti:
- C tnh khng sinh mnh i vi 72 loi vi khun v nm mc gy bnh.
Hnh 5-Ti
Onion.
- C hnh c v cay tnh bnh, khng c c tcdng thng kh hot
huyt, kch thch tiu ha. Trong c hnh c cha tinh du allixin c
tnh khng sinh, acid malic, phytin C hnh ti c cha caroten, vitamin B1, B2, v C.
Hnh 6- Hnh tm
- C hnh c dng trong ch bin thc phm nhm lm tng hng v v gi tr dinh dng.
Bng 2.14. Thnh phn ha hc ca c hnh tm. [8]
Thnh phn ha hc ca c hnh ti (%)
Nc
Protid
Glucid
Cellulos Tro
Ca
Mg
Fe
Vitamin(%)
Caroten B1
B2
PP
1,1
3,6
0,5
GVHD:
0,5
24,5
37,2
0,5
0,02 0,02
0,03
0,15
7,1
2.5. Khoai mn
Gii thiu chung
Khoai mn c tn ting Anh l: Taro.
- C khoai mn rt giu tinh bt v cht x. Ngoi ra trong c cn
cha nhiu vitamin v khong cht.
- L ngun cung cp cc vitamin B1, B2, Fe, P, Zn v rt nhiu
vitamin B6, C, B12, K v Mg.
Hnh 7- Khoai mn
2.6. C rt
Gii thiu chung
C rt c tn khoa hc l Daucus Carrota L.C ngun gc t Chu u, Chu
v Bc phi.
Trong 100g c rt cha:
Nc: 88.5%
Protein: 1.5%
Glucid: 8,8%
Hnh 8- C rt
Cellulo: 1.2%
Tro: 0.85%
-Yu cu k thut: Theo cm quan c rt phi cn nguyn vn, khng dp nt, khng su bnh,
mu ti sng, c mp
2.7. u xanh
Gii thiu chung
-L loi ht cung cp hm lng Protein rt cao, c th thay th mt phn
protein trong khu phn thiu protein t tht ng vt.
-u xanh c tnh mt, dng bi dng c th do c cha nhiu vitamin
v khong cht, trong dn gian n c dng nu xi, ch
-Trong cc phm thc phm chay nh ch gi chay th y l nguyn liu
rt quan trng.
-Yu cu k thut: Theo cm quan ht u nhp loi v, ht vng u, to,
khng b mc, m, c mi v l v xu
2.8. Nc thoa bnh trng v h dn
-Tc dng:
Thoa bnh trng, vt nc ct da
Gi m cho sn phm.
- Ngun nc phi c kim tra m bo cc ch tiu sinh hc v ha hc.
Hnh 9- u xanh
2.11. Bn tu v min
Cm quan
Si kh, khng gy vn
Mu trng n trng ng
Khng c mi l.
3. GIA V
3.1. Bt ngt
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
30
Hnh 10 bnh r
GVHD:
Ch tiu cm quan
-
Trng thi: bt mn khng vn cc, d tan trong nc, s lng im en trong 10 cm2 < 2.
Mu sc : trng sng.
V : ngt c trng.
Ch tiu ha l
Bng 2.15. Ch tiu ha l ca bt ngt (TCVN 1459 1974)
Tn ch tiu
pH
Hm lng nc
< 1,4%
> 80%
Hm lng NaCl
18%
St
< 0,05%
Hm lng SO42
< 0,002%
Liu lng bt ngt dng trong ch bin thc phm c quy nh trong ch gi
l 0,3 0,5% v gii hn ti a l 10g/kg.
3.2. ng ct trng
Yu cu v ch tiu ca ng
Ch tiu cm quan
Mi v: v ngt, khng c mi l.
Ch tiu ha l
Bng 2.16. Ch tiu ha l ca ng (TCVN 6958 - 2001)
STT
Tn ch tiu
Mc
pol (0Z)
99,80
Hm lng ng kh, %khi lng (m/m)
0,03
Tro dn in, % khi lng (m/m)
0,03
0
S gim khi lng khi sy 105 C trong 3h, 0,05
% khi lng (m/m).
mu, n v ICUSAM
30
GVHD:
7 ppm
1 mg/kg
2 mg/kg
0,05 mg/kg
3.3. Tiu
Gii thiu chung
- Tiu l mt loi gia v c s dng trong ch bin thc phm ti gia nh v
trong cng nghip thc phm. Tiu c v cay nng, ngt, mi thm rt c bit.
Khi cho tiu vo trong thc phm s lm tng hng v, to s hp dn, nng
Tinh du tiu: c tc dng lm gim au, li tiu, nhun trng, khng khun
Piperin: c tc dng lm tng tnh kh dng sinh hc ca nhiu cht dinh dng cn
thit cho c th.
Ch tiu ha l
Mc gii hn
< 13
<6
vo bn trong bao b.
c y thng tin v sn phm gip ngi tiu dng d dng la chn sn phm.
cng ty.
Bao b PE (Polyethylene)
Bao b PE l loi bao b c tnh nng do dai, chu nhit tt thun tin cho vic thc hin cc cng
on k thut v bo v sn phm trnh nhng tc ng bn ngoi.
u im ca bao b PE:
- Tnh chng thm nc v hi nc tt.
- Chng thm cht bo, cht kh v hng tt.
bn c hc cao.
D dng hn ghp m.
Kh nng in n tt.
Nhc im ca bao b PE
- PE c tnh chng thm oxy km nn khng dng lm bao b chng xy ha.
GVHD:
Mc hn rt tt khi chu nhit thp, thch hp cho bao b thc phm ng lnh.
GVHD:
Tht, m
Tm
s ch
r ng
r ng
ngm
ra
ra
ra
ra
xay
xay
xay
xo
xay
ct si
li tm
Bnh r
phi trn
gia v
nh hnh
ph liu
bao gi
p m
cp ng
Sn phm
Nm, Bn
ngm
GVHD:
GVHD:
2.5. Ra, ro
- Cc nguyn liu: tht heo, tm, gh, nm mo, bn tu sau khi ngm, lt v, lm tan gi cn
phi ra li bng nc sch, sau ro cho bt nc.
- Khoi mn, sn, hnh c v ti sau khi gt v c ra trong dung dch chlorine 50ppm nhm
loi b tp cht. Sau ra li 3 ln trong bn nc trc khi cht nh v em i xay.
2.6. Xay th
- Tht heo, tm: c em i xay vi kch c a 10mm.
- Gh, tm kh: sau khi gh lm tan gi v tm kh c ngm lm sch trong nc a vo my
xay. Kch thc sau khi xay l 0,5 1mm.
- Khoai mn: mt phn khoai mn a vo my thi si nh, kch thc: di: 3-5cm, rng: 1cm;
phn cn li em i xay t kch thc 1 2mm. Nm mo, bn tu: sau khi ngm cho trng n
em xay t kch thc 1 10mm.
-
2.7. Ly tm
- Sn sau khi xay c a vo my ly tm tch nc. Di tc dng ca lc ly tm sinh ra, vi
vn tc ca bung ly tm khong 500 600vng/pht, sn c tch ring nm trn li v phn
nc i qua l ra bn ngoi. Thi gian ly tm trong vng 3 pht.
2.8. Xo, lm ngui
- un nng cho du (700C), sau a tht gh v tm kh xay nh vo xo.
- Thi gian xo: 2-3 pht.
- Sau khi xo xong tin hnh lm ngui ngay bng qut n nhit thng.
2.9. Phi trn
- Cc nguyn liu sau khi x l xong em trn u vi gia v (mui, ng, tiu, bt ngt) theo t
l quy nh.
- My trn vi cc dao trn lp xen k trn hai trc song song s lm cho hn hp cc nguyn
liu c trn u, ng nht.
GVHD:
2.10. To hnh
Ngi ta s dung bnh r to hnh cho sn phm. To gin ngon cho sn phm khi s
dng
- Phn nhn v bnh r chun b xong, cng nhn tin hnh gi tng cun. Cc cun gi phi
ng yu cu k thut, khng b gy, v bao khng b rch hoc bung ra.
2.11. Cn, bao gi
- Sn phm sau khi to hnh phi cn trng lng theo yu cu quy nh.
- Trng lng mi cun khong 16g. Cng nhn gi 30 cun ri t ln cn sao cho khi
lng ca mt bao l 500g 1%.
- Sau khi cn xong sn phm c ng vo bao PE sch
GVHD:
2.12. p m
- Sn phm sau khi v bao c a n my p kn. Vi nhit cao (150
2200C) ca my p
Sn phm sau khi ghp m phi m bo mi ghp thng, khng c h, khng c qun
hoc chy.
2.13. Cp ng
- Sn phm ng gi xong c vn chuyn ti kho ch ng trong 3 gi. Sau a ti kho cp
ng. Nhit kho cp ng -250C -200C
- Nhit tm sn phm sau khi cp ng t khong - 180C.
- Bo qun sn phm trong kho lnh, thi gian 6 thng.
GVHD:
Khay c lm bng thp hoc Inox, vi b mt nhn khng gy try sc cho sn phm, d
GVHD:
My xay
2. My xay
My xay tht
S dng my xay th Mincer.
2.1Cu to ca my gm:
- Morto
- Dy cuaro
Pulis
Ca
nhp liu
Ca tho liu
Dao 4 li
Trc chuyn
My c cc kch c a khc nhau (8mm, 10mm ) c th thay i cho tng nguyn liu.
My trong tnh trng hat ng tt, thng xuyn c bo tr v v sinh ngay sau khi lm vic
GVHD:
Motor
Mt din
Mt din
Ca nhp liu
Trc xon
3. My ly tm
3.1Cu to ca my gm:
Bung ly tm.
Mng hng.
L xo gim chn.
Gi my.
Ct my.
Kch c a: 8 mm
My ly tm
GVHD:
Sau khi m cng tc, motor quay truyn chuyn ng sang ct my thng qua dy cuaro. Vn
tc quay ca my 500
-
600 vng/pht
Bung ly tm
- Do lc ly tm lm cho phn t rn (sn qua my xay) bn vo thnh bung ly tm, cn cc
phn t lng (nc t do) c thot ra bung ly tm thng qua cc l nh trn thnh i ra
mng hng ri i ra ngoi.
4. My trn
4.1 Cu to:
My trn
Khung gi ni cha liu
4.2Nguyn tc hot ng
Khi ng c chy qua b phn pulis v bnh ai truyn ng cho hp s (dy cuaro,
vi 4 tc quay khc nhau) v truyn qua cp bnh rng truyn ng cho cnh khy.
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
43
GVHD:
thng nu c.
Cho nguyn liu vo.
Sau khi s dng xong v sinh my cho sch.
4.4 Cng dng:
Cng dng ca my l dng nh, nho trn cc nguyn, ph liu v gia v sao
cho cc thnh phn ny c trn u vo nhau. Cc nguyn liu sau khi xay c cho
vo my trn, nh cnh khy (c nhiu dao trn lp xen k trn trc) o trn thnh khi
ng nht. Cng sut trn 150kg/m trong 2 3 pht.
5 cc thit b khc
5.1My bo si
Cng dng: bo khoai mn thnh nhng si vi kch thc: di 35 cm, rng 1 cm.
My bo si
Ca tho liu
5.2My ct lt hnh:
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
44
Dao ct v cc Rng ca
GVHD:
Cng
dng: ct hnh thnh lt mng trc khi xay.
My ct lt hnh
5.3L t
Cng dng: dng xo, chn, v luc mc.
L t
5.4 CC YU T V SINH CNG NGHIP NH HNG N CHT LNG SN
PHM
Quan st trong thi gian thc tp, sinh vin nhn thy c rt nhiu yu t nh hng
n cht lng sn phm, t rt ra nhng nhn xt nh gi ca bn thn nh sau:
GVHD:
Khng khac nh va hi
mui
bt c
ch
nao
trong
Moi ngi trc khi lam vic trong xng ch bin phai thng sut lut l quan trong nay
am bao rng cac san phm o khng bi ly nhim bi nhng li trn.
5.4.2: V sinh qun ao bao h lao ng:
Mi ngi lam vic trong xng ch bin thc phm phai mc qun ao bao h lao
ng do cng ty cung cp. Hu ht qun ao bao h lao ng trong cac xng ch bin u
mau trng, gm co ao s mi hoc ao khoac, giay ng, non bao h, tap d. Nhng b qun
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
46
GVHD:
NHN XT
KT QU
Ra tay gia gi
Trong lc ch bin
GVHD:
Phai ra sach va sat trung tt ca may moc thit bi mi ngay va sau khi s dung.
Trc ht cn ly tt ca phn vun thc phm con sot lai trong may moc, thit bi ra mi ra
khp ni trong may bng xa phong vi nc m tach thit va m.... Sau o dung nc
sach ra may. git 99% vi khun luc nay phai dung nc nong 82oC phun xit ln
tt ca cac phn cua may moc. Sau khi lam sach va x ly bng nc nong, may moc c
lam kh tranh s phat trin cua vi sinh vt.
-
S dung may moc se lam giam nguy c ly nhim t con ngi, tuy nhin nu
khng c bao dng va lam sach cn thn no co th tr thanh ngun ly nhim nghim
trong. Moi may moc cn c kim tra ky trc khi bt u ca san xut am bao chung
c lam sach, kh trung va di ra ky lng, rap lai ung cach.
-
GVHD:
xut. Hang ngay sn nha phai c gi v sinh sch s: bt u l qut dn, thu gom ph
phm trong lc ch bin gm: nhng mnh vn ca nguyn liu v ph liu nhm trnh
tnh trng nhng ph phm ny b ri vo h thng thot nc; sau khi thu gom xong th
dung voi nc sach co ap lc cao ra nn va cac vach tng; cui cng l lm kh sn
nh v tng vch v mi trng m t cng to iu kin cho vi sinh vt pht trin.
2.5.6: Bng nh gi vic thc hin thao tc v sinh my mc, dng c v sn nh,
tng vch
CC THC HIN
NHN XT
KT QU
V sinh my mc
V sinh my mc hng Thc hin ng cc thao tc v sinh my mc.
ngy
5.4.8: V sinh tn tr
Bt ki ni nao tn tr cc nguyn vt liu cng nh cc sn phm ch bin u
phai sach se va v sinh thng xuyn. C nh vy mi giam thiu s phat trin vi khun va
s h hong thc phm. Tn tr nhit theo yu cu cung la cach giai quyt vn
h hong thc phm.
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
49
GVHD:
NHN XT
KT QU
V sinh tn tr
V sinh vn
chuyn
PHN 5: SN PHM
Mt s sn phm ca x nghip.
Ch gi r
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
51
Ch gi r tm cua
GVHD:
Mt s sn phm ca cng ty
Ch gi l sn phm ch lc v truyn thng ca x nghip cng nh ca cng ty VISSAN. Vi s
a dng v phong ph v thnh phn nguyn liu v chng loi sn phm: ch gi chay, ch gi r,
ch gi c bit, ch gi tm cua, ch gi tht p ng c rt nhiu i tng khch hng.
Ngoi ra y l sn phm rt giu cht dinh dng v tin dng nn c rt nhiu b ni tr la
chn lm thc n hng ngy cho gia nh.
2. NH GI CHT LNG CH GI R:
Ch tiu cm quan
Mu sc
- Sn phm sng: c mu trng c ca bnh trng.
- Sn phm chn: c mu vng ti, c trng ca sn phm.
M
- Sn phm sng: c mi c trng ca cc nguyn liu, gia v, khng c mi l.
- Sau khi chin chn: sn phm c mi thm c trng, khng c mi i chua, mi v l, c
gi v xp cao
GVHD:
Trng thi
- Sn phm hnh tr trn, kch thc tng i ng u, chiu di: 4cm, ng knh: 1,5
1,6 cm.
- Cc cun Ch gi r sau khi cun xong u cht, khng b h u, rch bnh r.
- Sn phm sau khi chin: v bnh n u, xp gin, cun khng b h, rch.
Ch tiu ha l
Bng 4.1. Ch tiu ha l ca sn phm.
Cc ch tiu
1. Khi l ng tnh tnh bng g
2. pH
3. Hm lng protit tnh trn % khi lng
Yu cu
500g/gi
5,5 6,6
4,5
khng nh hn.
4. Hm lng NH3
5. Hm lng NaCl, tnh trn % khi lng.
6. Phn ng Eber v HS nh tnh.
7. Hm lng kim loi nng (mg/kg):
0,5 1,5
m tnh
- As
0,1
- Pb
0,2
- Hg
0,05
- Sn
250
45
Ch tiu vi sinh
Bng 4.2. Ch tiu vi sinh ca sn phm.
Tn ch tiu
Mc
1. Tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh (khun 106
3.BO
QUN V
lc/g).
2. E.coli (khun lc/g)
3. Staphylococcus aureus (khun lc/g)
4. Samonella (khun lc/25g)
5. Bacellus cereus (khun lc/g)
VN CHUYN:
3.1.Bo qun:
Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r
53
102
102
m tnh
102