S tit : 30 tit (10 bui) Ngi son cng : ThS. Nguyn Hiu Yu cu kin thc Trc khi hc s dng phn mm Mapinfow, sinh vin cn phi c trang b nhng kin thc c bn v tin hc i cng, c s vin thm v GIS, c s bn hc. Mc ch mn hc Gip cho sinh vin c th thit k c s d liu, s dng phn mm Mapinfow qun l d liu, xy dng cc bn chuyn v bin tp, trnh by bn . Sn phm cn phi t c ca mi sinh vin sau kho hc l 1 bn hnh chnh c trnh by v bin tp hon chnh km theo 1 bn chuyn .
Ni dung chi tit
Phn 1. Gii thiu chung (3 tit) 1.1. T chc d liu v bn trong Mapinfow 1.2. Chuyn ti d liu vo Mapinfow 1.3. Qun l di dng cc lp thng tin 1.4. Cc ca s ca bn , bng d liu v th trong Mapinfow 1.5. Cc i tng bn 1.6. Cc thanh cng c lm vic
Phn 2. Nhp d liu nn v thit k cc lp thng tin bn (3 tit) 2.1. T chc c s d liu cho bn 2.2. M d liu nh trong Mapinfow 2.3. Gn c s ton hc cho nh 2.4. To cc lp thng tin bn 2.4.1. To t menu chnh 2.4.2. To t lp nhp (cosmetic layer) 2.5. Lm vic vi cc lp thng tin bn (Layer Control) 2.6. Lu ct d liu
Phn 3. V v chnh sa cc i tng trn bn (12 tit) 3.1. Cc cng c v v chnh sa 3.2. V cc i tng c nh dng trong Mapinfow 3.3. V cc i tng dng im 3.4. To cc i tng dng text
2 3.5. V cc i tng bt k 3.6. Thay i hnh dng, kch thc v mu sc ca cc i tng 3.7. Dnh node 3.8. Lm trn ng 3.9. Chuyn cc i tng t dng ng sang dng vng v ngc li 3.10. S ho bn 3.11. To li chiu bn t ng 3.12. To thc t l t ng
Phn 4. Nhp d liu thuc tnh cho bn (9 tit) 4.1. Cch to cu trc bng d liu 4.2. Cu trc bng cc dng trng d liu 4.3. Qun l v lm vic vi bng d liu 4.4. Nhp d liu
Phn 5. Xy dng cc bn chuyn (6 tit) 5.1. Gii thiu chung v bn chuyn 5.2. Cc phng php xy dng bn chuyn trong Mapinfow 5.3. S dng chc nng Update Column vi cc bn chuyn .
Phn 6. Lm vic vi cc Layout (6 tit) 6.1. Cch to mt trang Layout 6.2. Lm vic trong mt Layout 6.3. Lu ct Layout 6.4. t t l bn
Phn 7. In n v tng kt kin thc (3 tit) 7.1. t trang v in n 7.2. Tng kt nhng kin thc hc 3 Phn 1 CC KHI NIM CO BN 1.1. T chc d liu v bn ca MAPINFO s dng c phn mm Mapinfo cn c cc file d liu m trong c cha cc bn ghi v cc bn . Cc bn ghi v bn ny c th c sn trong Mapinfo hoc c th t to ra v chng s c Mapinfo t chc di dng thng tin ca n, c th l text hoc graphic di dng cc table. Mi table trong Mapinfo c t nht hai file: file.tab m t cu trc ca table v file.dat lu tr bng d liu thuc tnh. Nu d liu cn c thm cc i tng ho, c bit l cc i tng khng gian c to X,Y th s c thm 2 file: file.map m t i tng ho v file.id ni kt gia cc i tng ho vi bng thuc tnh ca n. 1.2. Trao i d liu Mapinfo cho php s dung cc d liu c thit lp cc dng nh dng khc, v d dng ASCII, dBASE, DBF, Lotus 1-2-3, Microsoft Exelt v Raster Image. c th biu din table trong mt ca s bn , d liu nht thit phi c to X,Y. Nu cha c th c th s dng Mapinfo lm iu . Vic gn cc to cho d liu ny c gi l nn nh (Geocoding). Mapinfo cho php c th s dng cc nh sau khi c gn to (Register) lm nn cho vic to cc lp thng tin ca bn . 1.3. Cc lp bn (Map layers) Cc bn my tnh c t chc di dng cc lp v c th hiu cc lp ny nh cc transparency c trng ghp ln nhau. Mi mt lp s cha mt thng tin no trong cc thng tin ca bn . 1.4. Ca s bn , ca s bng v ca s th Khi xem cc d liu trn mn hnh, c th xem n nhiu dng khc nhau, c th l bn , c th l bng d liu hoc c th l cc th. Bn c th chn hnh thc biu din ca cc d liu bn mun trn thc n ca ca s. Trong cc ca s bn , cc thng tin c th hin v sp xp ging nh cc bn truyn thng, cho php cc bn mng tng ra c nn a l trong min lm vic. 4 Trong cc ca s bng biu, d liu c th hin di dng bng biu, cho php bn c th kim tra mt cch y d liu ca mnh. Cc d liu cng c th c th hin di dng cc th trong ca s th. iu ny s gip cho bn c th mng tng v so snh c mt s cc i tng cn thit. 1.5. Cc i tng bn C 4 i tng chnh trong Mapinfo: Dng im (points): y l dng d liu n gin nht ca d liu khng gian. V tr ca mi im c xc nh bi mt cp to X,Y. Cc im c th l cc trm kh tng, trm thu vn, nh, khch sn, nh hng hay im xe. Dng ng hay dng tuyn (Line): c im ca ng l c s m rng r rt theo dng tuyn hay l mt tp hp c hng ca nhiu im. S m rng ny c xc nh bi cc cp to X,Y. Chiu di ca ng c th hin qua t l, cn rng ca n th khng th, c th l nhng con sng, ng ... Dng vng (Region): Vng l min khng gian trong mt ng khp kn, v d nh l cc n v a mo, n v a cht, n v s dng t ... Dng ch (Text): i tng ny m t bn hay mt i tng no di dng cc nhn (label) hay tiu (title). 1.6. Cc thanh cng c trong Mapinfo Thanh Standard
To mt table mi
Undo
M table
M mt Browser mi
Ghi li table
M mt ca s bn mi
In
M ca s th mi
Ct
M mt Layout mi
Copy
M ca s thng k mi
Gin
Gip (help)
5 Thanh cng c chnh (Main toolbar)
S dng thay i v tr ca bn hay layout trong ca s m hnh
Nt chn i tng
Hin th d liu thuc tnh ca cc i tng
Chn cc i tng theo hnh trn
Gin nhn cho cc i tng vi cc thng tin t d liu lin quan
Chn cc i tng theo hnh ch nht
lm vic vi cc lp thng tin
Chn cc i tng theo vng c v ra
Hin th ca s ch gii cho cc bn hoc biu
Phng to i tng
Xc ng khong cch gia cc im
Thu nh i tng
Thanh v (Drawing toolbar)
Chn thm node
Thay i nh dng ca cc polygol
V 1/4 elip
Hin, thay i hoc xo cc node
V cc i tng hnh trn hoc elip
V cc hnh ch nht hoc hnh vung c ln trn cc gc
To mt khung bn mi hin th cc bn hoc biu trong trang layout
V cc symbol
V ng thng
Thay i nh dng ca cc symbol
Thay i nh dng ca cc i tng ng ( rng, mu sc)
Nhp text
V cc polygol
Thay i nh dng ca text
6 Phn 2 NHP D LIU NN VA THIT K CC LP THNG TIN BN
2.1. T chc d liu cho bn
Bi tp 1. T chc d liu cho bn hnh chnh tnh Lng Sn
D liu dng im 1. U ban - UBND tnh (UBtinh.tab) - UBND huyn (UBhuyen.tab)) D liu dng ng 2. Ranh gii - Ranh gii quc gia (RgQG.tab) - Ranh gii tnh (RgTinh.tab) - Ranh gii huyn (RgHuyen.tab) 3. ng giao thng - ng quc l (DgQL.tab) - ng nh (Dgnho.tab) 4. Sng - Sng n (Song.tab) Lp d liu vng 5. Nn huyn - Cc huyn (Nenhuyen.tab) Lp d liu text 6. a danh - Tn quc gia (TenQG.tab) - Tn tnh (TenTinh.tab) - Tn huyn (TenHuyen.tab) - Tn th trn (TenTT.tab) 7. Tn sng - Tn sng (TenSong.tab)
2.2. M d liu nh trong Mapinfow
Bi tp 2. M nh qut ca bn hnh chnh tnh Lng Sn
M : File\Open table Hp thoi Open table xut hin 7
Trong mc Look in tm a ch c cha file nh Langson.JPG Trong Files of type chn Raster Image, sau chn file nh LangSon v nhp Open.
Chn Display hin th nh, hoc Chn Register gn c s ton hc cho nh
2.3. Gn to cho nh
Bi tp 3. Gn to cho nh Langson Trong hp thoi Image Registation : - Vo Unit chn kiu to degree 8 - Vo Projection, hp thoi Choose Projection xut hin. Trong Category chn Longitude/Latitude. Trong Category Members chn Longitude/Latitude
- Tm cc im sau trong nh gn to (s im cn tm ti thiu l 3)
STT V tr X Y 1 TT. Tht Kh 106.483 22.255 2 TT. Bc Sn 106.352 21.924 3 TT. ng ng 106.701 21.950 4 TT. Mt 106.349 21.501 5 TT. nh Lp 107.102 21.545 6 TT. Vn Quan 106.533 21.857 *) 0,1 = 6pht
Trong hp thoi Add Control Point nhp: Label Tn im Map X Kinh Map Y V Image X To dng ca pixel nh c gn to
Nt phng to Nt thu nh Nt di chuyn ca s sang tri, phi Nt di chuyn ca s ln trn, xung di 9
Image Y To ct ca pixel nh c gn to 2.4. To v lu ct cc lp thng tin bn M file nh LangSon c nn chnh Chn Map\Layer Control trn thanh menu chnh (hoc nhp chut phi v chn menu Layer Control).
Trong hp thoi Layer Control chn ch edit cho Cosmetic Layer v nhn OK S ho cc lp thng tin nh t chc Sau mi lp thng tin c s ho, chn Map \ Save Cosmetic Objects t thanh Menu chnh. Xut hin hp thoi Save Objects to Table. Trong hp thoi Save Objects to Table tm th mc s ct lp thng tin va s ho trong mc Save in v t tn cho lp thng tin trong mc File name
10 PHN 3 V VA CHNH SA CC I TONG TRN BN
- Cc cng c v v chnh sa - V cc i tng c nh dng trong Mapinfow - V cc i tng dng im - To cc i tng dng text - V cc i tng bt k - Thay i hnh dng, kch thc v mu sc ca cc i tng - Dnh node - Lm trn ng - Chuyn cc i tng t dng ng sang dng vng v ngc li Thanh v (Drawing toolbar)
Chn thm node
Thay i nh dng ca cc polygol
V 1/4 elip
Hin, thay i hoc xo cc node
V cc i tng hnh trn hoc elip
V cc hnh ch nht hoc hnh vung c ln trn cc gc
To mt khung bn mi hin th cc bn hoc biu trong trang layout
V cc symbol
V ng thng
Thay i nh dng ca cc symbol
Thay i nh dng ca cc i tng ng ( rng, mu sc)
Nhp text
V cc polygol
Thay i nh dng ca text 11 Bi tp 4. To cc lp thng tin bn Lng Sn nh c t chc phn (2.1), tin hnh s ho v bin tp trn mn hnh. - To lp thng tin cc huyn ca tnh Lng Sn (Nenhuyen) Tin hnh cc bc nh trong phn 2.4 cho n mc s ho Kch chut vo nt cng c v Polygon trn thanh Drawing, sau s ho theo ranh gii ca cc huyn. ranh gii gia cc huyn cnh nhau trng kht ln nhau cc bn s dng chc nng Erase ca Mapinfo.
V d sau khi s ho song huyn Trng nh, mun s ho tip huyn Bnh Gia, nhng vi phn ranh gii chung gia hai huyn phi trng kht ln nhau bn lm cc bc sau: - S ho hon chnh huyn Trng nh - S ho chnh xc ranh gii huyn Bnh Gia tr phn tip gip vi huyn Trng nh th s min sao ph chm sang pha huyn (xem hnh di).
- ct phn ph chm ca huyn Bnh Gia sang huyn Trng nh: + chn huyn Bnh Gia, sau trn Menu chnh chn Objects \ Set Target ch huyn s b ct + chn huyn Trng nh ch ra i tng dng ct vi huyn Bnh Gia + trn Menu chnh chn Objects \ Erase - Bn c th chn nhiu i tng cng mt lc (gi phm Shift khi chn) lm i tng b ct hoc lm i tng ct. Phn ph chm 12 Bi tp 5. To li v thc t l t ng cho bn tnh Lng Sn
- M lp bn Nenhuyen - Trn menu chnh chn File\Run Mapbasic Program... (Map6.0) hoc chn Tools\ Run Mapbasic Program... (Map7.0). Hp thoi Run Mapbasic Program xut hin. - Trong hp thoi ny: + Trong mc Look in tm th mc Tools trong thu mc ci t ca Mapinfo.
- Khi ng GRIDMARK (to li chiu) v SCALEBAR (to thc t l) - Sau khi khi ng thanh cng c Tools s hin th trn mn hnh *) To li bn t ng - Kch chut vo nt to li, con tr chuyn thnh du +
To li To thc t l 13 - Nhp v di chut ch ra vng to li cho lp Nenhuyen, sau nh chut v hp thoi Grid Maker xut hin. - Trong mc Object Types chn kiu li l dng vng (Closed Regions)/chn kiu li l cc ng k (Straight Polylines)
- Trong mc Object Styles chn kiu hin th ca li. - Trong mc Extents bn c th gi nguyn cc thng s v khung li nh bn v hoc c th thay i li khung bng cch g trc tip to gii hn khung li vo cc mc North (bc), South (nam), East (ng) v West (ty) - Trong mc New table xc nh a ch s ct lp li bn (bng cch g trc tip a ch hoc vo Browse... xc nh) v g tn s t cho lp li ny. cc version c hn 7.0, Mapinfo s hi a ch v tn t cho li chiu trong mt hp thoi ring. - Chn OKE. Xut hin mt thng bo v s lng cc li s c to ra. - Chn OKE kt thc.
*) To thc t l bn t ng - Kch chut vo nt to thc t l - Kch chut vo v tr t thc t l trn bn . Hp thoi Draw distance scale in Mapper xut hin 14 - Chn di cho thc t l trong mc Width of scale bar; chn n v hin th ca thc trong mc Unit; chn mu thc trong mc Fill color for scale bar; mu vin trong mc Pen color for scale bar; kiu font ch trong Font for scale bar lebel.
- Bm OK kt thc (thc t l s t c to ra trong lp Cosmetic). - Trn menu chnh chn Map\ Save Cosmetic Objects ... v ghi li lp Cosmetic thnh lp Thuoctyle.
15 Phn 4 NHP D LIU THUC TNH CHO BN
Bi tp 6. Nhp cc s liu sau cho cc huyn ca Tnh Lng Sn
Huyn Dn s (ngi) Dn tc Nng Dn tc Ty Dn tc Kinh Din tch trng la nm 1995 Nng xut la t/ha nm 1995 Tng s tru (con) Tng s b (con) Tng s ln (con) Trng nh 54775 21968 23834 3649 5078 33 21422 739 25220 Vn Lng 41363 26869 12661 1587 3783 27 16637 1792 12788 Bnh Gia 43331 25756 12323 1773 3852 32 20298 4931 17751 Bc Sn 51089 4037 35544 6106 3795 30 18191 3130 26763 Vn Quan 51595 32909 17642 829 4200 28 18838 6028 16361 Cao Lc 61788 35945 17931 2274 4947 32 19294 1481 17324 Lc Bnh 65106 18646 38979 4197 6398 32 23086 3039 23321 nh Lp 24696 2438 13796 3720 1602 28 10366 4926 8597 Hu Lng 89516 45899 5515 37948 6232 31 25183 1256 44414 Th x LS 52181 14061 15962 21329 1157 32 3711 117 8028 Chi Lng 75575 35795 24836 9718 4634 32 19405 4946 19277
16 4.1. Cch to bng d liu M lp Nenhuyen Trn Menu chnh chn Table\ Maintenance\ Table Structure
Trong hp thoi Modify Table Structure : Chn Add Field to thm cc trng d liu Vo Name t tn cho trng d liu (luu , khng s dng cc k t c bit nh du cch, *, /, ... t tn cho trng d liu) Vo Type chn kiu trng + Character: kiu text v cho php ln hn 250 k t + Integer: s nguyn + Small integer: s nguyn nm gia khong -32,767 v +32,767. + Float: s c phn thp phn khng khng ch + Decimal: s c phn thp phn c nh ngha + Date: kiu ngy thng + Logic: kiu logic Vo Width t rng ca trng
17 4.2. Cu trc bng d liu Cu trc ca bng d liu trong Mapinfo gm c : - Cc trng d liu (fields) - Cc bn ghi (records) 4.3. Qun l v lm vic vi bng d liu S dng cc chc nng Up, Down, Add Field, Remove Field thay i v tr cc trng trong cu trc d liu, thm cc trng mi hoc xo bt cc trng.
4.4. Nhp d liu Kch chut vo nt , con tr s bin thnh du + Kch du + vo cc huyn v nhp s liu cho cc trng
Con tr Bng nhp s liu 18 Phn 5 XY DUNG CC BN CHUYN
Bi tp 6. Thit k v trnh by cc bn chuyn sau: *) Cc hc vin chn mt trong 3 bn chuyn sau thc hin : - Bn mt dn s v thnh phn dn tc (1) - Bn phn b din tch t trng la v sn lng lng thc bnh qun trn u ngi (2) - Bn mt v thnh phn gia sc (3)
Nu lm bn s 1 th : Xo bt cc trng d liu, ch d li cc trng : Dn s, Dn tc Ty, Dn tc Nng v Dn tc Kinh. To thm 3 trng mi : Din tch, Mt dn s, Cc dn tc khc
Nu lm bn s 2 th : Xo bt cc trng d liu, ch gi li cc trng: Dn s, Din tch trng la nm 1995, Nng sut /ha To thm 2 trng mi: Tng sn lng la, Sn lng bnh qun u ngi
Nu lm bn s 3 th: Xo bt cc trng d liu, ch gi li cc trng: Tng s con Tru, Tng s con b, Tng s con ln To thm 1 trng mi: Tng s gia sc
5.1. Tnh ton, cp nht s liu vo bng thuc tnh Trn thanh Menu chnh chn Table\ Update column, xut hin hp thoi : Chn lp thng tin c cp nht trong mc Table to Update Chn trng cn cp nht s liu trong mc Column to Update. Chn lp thng tin cung cp s liu trong mc Get Value From Table 19 Vo Assist lp cng thc tnh ton: + Vo Columns chn trng d liu tham gia cng thc tnh ton + Vo Operation chn php ton + Vo Funtions chn cc hm cn s dng + Sau khi chn song nhn OKE Chn OK kt thc
Bi tp. Tnh ton, cp nht s liu cho cc trng mi to trong bc trc v thnh lp bn chuyn (v d cho bn mt dn s v bn thnh phn dn tc). Cc bc thc hin *) lp bn mt dn s cn phi tnh ton din tch ca cc huyn v mt dn s - tnh din tch t ng cho cc huyn ca tnh Lng Sn (xem phn 5.1): + M lp Nenhuyen + Trn Menu chnh chn Table\ Update Colum. Hp thoi Update Column xut hin. + Chn lp Nenhuyen trong mc Table to Update + Chn trng Dientich trong mc Column to Update + Chn lp Nenhuyen trong mc Get Value From Table Vo Assist lp cng thc tnh ton: 20 + Vo Funtions chn hm Area. Trong hp Type an expression sa n v din tch t mi (mile) sang m (mt), km (kilomet) hoc ha (hecta) + Chn OK kt thc - cp nht s liu cho trng MatdoDS + Lm cc bc nh phn tnh din tch, nhng: + Chn trng MatdoDS trong mc Column Value From Table + Trong hp Expression: chn trng Danso trong mc Column, chn php chia / trong Operation sau li chn trng Dientich trong mc Column
5.2. Cc hnh thc th hin v cch thnh lp bn chuyn trong Mapinfow
Ranges: biu din d liu theo cc khong gi tr t trc - Bar Charts: biu din dng biu ct cc s liu ton hc trong bng d liu 21 - Pie Charts: biu din dng biu trn cc s liu ton hc trong bng d liu - Graduated: biu din dng symbol cho mi bn ghi trong bng d liu - Dot Density: biu din cc gi tr di dng cc im - Individual: v cc i tng theo cc gi tr ring ca chng
Bi tp. Lp bn mt dn s v thnh phn dn tc
+ Chn Map\ Creat Thematic Map trn thanh Menu chnh. Trong hp thoi ca Creat Thematic Map - Step 1 of 3: + chn Ranges (hoc Dot Density) biu din mt dn s;
Bn (2): chn Ranges biu din s phn b ca t trng la v chn Graduated biu din sn lng la bnh qun trn u ngi Bn (3): chn Ranges biu din mt gia sc v chn Bar Chart biu din thnh phn ca cc loi gia sc.
+ Trong mc Template Name chn kiu hin th cho bn + Chn Next. Hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 2 of 3 xut hin. + Chn lp Nenhuyen trong mc Table + Chn trng MatdoDS trong mc Field + Chn Next. Hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3 xut hin. 22
+ Chn Range. Xut hin hp thoi Customize Ranges. Chn Custom trong mc Method chn li cc gi tr Min v Max cho cc khong gi tr ca ch gii bn mt dn s (hoc nguyn theo s mc nh ca my tnh).
+ Chn Style thay i mu sc hin th + Chn Legend chnh sa hin th ca ch gii (Title, subtitle v Range Labels). Chn Range Chn Style 23
+ Chn OKE kt thc (Mun quay tr li sa cc phn trnh by ca bn chuyn : chn Modify Thematic Map... + Trn Menu chnh chn Options\ Show theme Legend Window hin th ch gii.
lp bn Thnh phn dn tc
+ Trn menu chnh chn Map\ Create Thematic Map Chn Legend 24 + Trong hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 1 of 3 chn kiu Bar charts (hoc Pie charts) hin th. + Bn mc Template Name chn kiu Bar chart default hin th mu cho cc ct biu . + Chn Next. Xut hin hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 2 of 3 + Trong mc Field from Table ln lt chn cc trng nung, tay, kinh, dao v chn nt Add a vo mc Fields for Pie/Bar Chart. (Nt Remove s dng g b cc trng sau khi c chn vo bn mc Fields for Pie/Bar Chart; s dng cc nt Up/Down thay i v tr cc ct trong biu ). + Chn Next. Hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3 xut hin
25 + Chn Style thay i mu sc hin th ca cc ct (mc Brush), cao (mc Height), rng ca cc ct (mc Width) v Gi tr hin th tng ng vi chiu cao cc ct (mc at value). + Chn Legend chnh sa hin th bng ch gii cho bn + Ghi li bn thnh trang Layout (Nu mun thay i cc la chn trc , trn menu chnh chn Map\ Modify Thematic Map, sau chn bn cn phi thay i). 26 Phn 6 LAM VIC VI TRANG LAYOUT Bi tp 7. Trnh by trang Layout cho bn Hnh chnh tnh Lng Sn - M tt c cc lp bn ca Lng Sn s ho v vo Layer Control sp xp chng theo trnh t sau t di ln trn: Nenhuyen, RgioiQG, RgTinh, RgHuyen, Song, DgQL, Dgnho, Tensong, Diadanh, UBtinh, UBhuyen, Luoi, Thuoctyle, Chugiai. - Chn View entire layer\ All Layer - Trn Munu chnh chn Window\ New Layout Window. Hp thoi New Layout Window xut hin.
- Chn mc One Frame for Window ri nhn OK kt thc. Ca s Layout xut hin. - Trn menu chnh chn File\ Page Setup, hp thoi Page Setup xut hin. Trong hp thoi chn kh giy in trong mc Size, thay i chiu quay ca giy trong mc Orientation, t l trong mc Margins. Nhy vo OK kt thc.
27 - Trn trang layout, kch chut vo khung ca Frame. Trn Menu chnh chn Options\ Region style v chn None cho c vin v nn ca frame.
- Trnh by v lu ct thnh mt trang in: + Trn Menu chnh chn File\ Save Workspace + Xc nh a ch lu v t tn cho file Workspace.