Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni Hng dn s dng Mapinfo I.

Khi qut v h thng thng tin a l GIS v MAPINFO.

H thng thng tin a l (Geographic Information System) l mt h thng vi s tr gip ca my tnh phc v cho mc ch thu thp, x l, phn tch, lu tr v hin th cc loi d liu mang tnh cht khng gian cng nh phi khng gian (nh v tr, hnh dng, cc mi quan h v khng gian nh k nhau, gn nhau, ni vi nhau .v.v). Cc b phn cu thnh ln mt h thng thng tin a l GIS. - Phn cng my tnh. - Cc chng trnh phn mm GIS : + Vo d liu. + Lu tr v qun l d liu. + Phn tch, x l d liu. + Hin th, xut d liu. + Giao din vi ngi dng. - Ngi vn hnh cc thit b. Mapinfo l mt trong cc phn mm ang c ding nh l mt h GIS trong qun l thng tin bn . Mapinfo: hin th, in n, tra cu cc thng tin khng gian v phi khng gian trong mt khu vc khng gian lm vic no (WORKSPACE). II. Gii thiu phn mm MAPINFO. 1. Cc d liu trong MAPINFO. Khi ngi dng to ra cc table trong Mapinfo, lu ct cc WORKSPACE, nhp hoc xut d liu. MAPINFO s to ra rt nhiu cc file vi cc phn m rng khc nhau. Cc file d liu trong MAPINFO bao gm: - Tn file *.DAT - Tn file *.MAP - Tn file *.TAB File d liu dng bng tnh cho mt table format ca MAPINFO. Cha thng tin a l m t cc i tng trn bn . y l cc file chnh cho cc table ca MAPINFO n c kt hp vi cc file khc nh .DAT, DBF

- Tn file *.ID File index cho cc i tng ho ca MAPINFO (file *.DAT). - Tn file *.DBF - Tn file *.MID File d liu bng tnh format dBASE. Format nhp/xut d liu dng bng ca MAPINFO, file *.MID kt hp vi file .MIF.

- Tn file .MIF Format nhp/xut cho cc i tng ho ca MAPINFO, file *.MIF kt hp vi file .MID. Tn file *.TXT File bng thuc tnh format ASCII.
20

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

Tn file *.WKS Tn file *.WOR

File thuc tnh format Lotus 1, 2, 3. File lu Workspace trong Mapinfo.

2. Cc khi nim ca h thng tin a l GIS trong MAPINFO. Cc i tng trn bn c chia ra thnh cc lp (LAYER). Mt lp cha cc i tng c chung cc thuc tnh cn qun l v cch lu cc thuc tnh ny trong my tnh l di cng mt dng (FORMAT). Cc i tng khng gian c chia thnh 4 loi sau: + im (POINT). + ng (LINE). + Vng (POLYGON). + Ch (TEXT) Cch th hin 4 loi i tng khng gian trn trong MAPINFO: + im : Xc nh bng mt v tr trong khng gian (X, Y). im c th hin bng cc k hiu (SYMBOL), mu sc (COLOR), kch k (SIZE). + Vng : xc nh bng chui cc cp to ca cc ng bao khp kn trong khng gian (Xi, Yi). Vng c th hin bng cc loi t mu (PATTERN), mu sc (COLOR). + Ch : Xc nh bng mt cp to trong khng gian (X, Y) v mt dng ch. Ch c th hin bng cc kiu ch (FONT), mu sc (COLOR), kch c (SIZE), gc nghing ch (ENGLE). D liu mi lp chia thnh 2 loi: - D liu phi khng gian (Attribute Data) lu di dng mt bng hng ct (Brown). - D liu khng gian (Spatial Data) lu di dng bn c s ho (Map). 3. Cch t chc thng tin trong MAPINFO. Nh cp trn d liu trong MAPINFO c chia thnh 2 loi d liu khng gian v phi khng gian. Trong MAPINFO mi loi d liu trn c phng thc t chc thng tin khc nhau. a. TABLE (Bng). Trong MAPINFO d liu khng gian cng c phn ra thnh cc lp thng tin khc nhau (layer), mi lp thng tin khng gian c t trong mt TABLE. Ngi dng c th thc hin cc thao tc ng, m, sa i, lu ct cc TABLE ny. to thnh mt TABLE cn c t nht l 2 file, file th nht .TAB cha ton b cc cu trc ca d liu, file th hai .DAT cha d liu th (gc). Nu trong mt TABLE c cha cc i tng ho s c 2 file na i km, file .MAP m t cc i tng ho v file .ID cha cc tham s chiu lin kt gia d liu vi cc i tng ho. Mt s cc TABLE cn c th thm file .IND file ny cho php ngi s dng tm kim i tng trn bn bng lnh Find.
21

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

b. WORKSPACE (Vng lm vic). Khi nim th 2 cn quan tm trong MAPINFO l cc WORKSPACE. Mi TABLE trong MAPINFOR ch cha cha 1 lp thng tin, trong khi trn 1 khng gian lm vic c rt nhiu lp thng tin khc nhau. WORKSPACE chnh l phng tin gp ton b lp thng tin khc nhau li to thnh 1 t bn hon chnh vi y cc yu t ni dung, hn th na 1 WORKSPACE cn c th cha cc bng tnh, cc biu , layout. c. BROWSER (bng hin th d liu thuc tnh). D liu thuc tnh m t cho cc i tng khng gian trong MAPINFOR c cha trong cc d mi d l mt bng tnh c cc hng v ct (vi hng l cc bng ghi v ct l cc trng d liu). Cc d thng i km vi cc TABLE. d. MAP (ca s hin th d liu bn ) D liu bn (a l) ca cc i tng khng gian nhm m t v tr, hnh dng trong mt h thng to nht nh. Mt ca s MAP cho php hin th cng mt lc nhiu lp thng tin (Layer) khc nhau hoc bt tt hin th mt lp thng tin no . e. LAYOUT (trnh by in n) Cho php ngi s dng kt hp cc browser, cc ca s bn , biu v cc i tng ho khc vo mt trang in t c th gi kt qu ra my in hoc my v. 4. Cng c lm vic trong MAPINFOR MAPINFOR cung cp cho ngi dng 3 thanh cng c lm vic vi cc i tng bn . Vic s dng chng rt n gin, ngi dng ch vic bm ln cng c cn thit chn lnh. Ngi dng c th nh li kch thc cc thanh cng c bng cch bm v ko khung ca mi thanh, di chuyn chng trn mn hnh bng cch bm v ko trn thanh tiu . Ngi dng c th dng lch Toolbars trong menu Options tt hoc hin th cc thanh cng c. a. Thanh cng c chnh (Main toolbar). Thanh cng c chnh bao gm cc cng c chn i tng thay i t l hin th ca bn trong ca s, tra cu thng tin v i tng trn bn , xc nh khong cch gia cc i tng. Trong thanh ny cn c cc nt lnh cho php ngi dng thay i thuc tnh ca layer (Editable, Visible... ), m bng ch gii hoc ca s c s liu thng k.

Nt < thay i t l hin th> (Change View button). Truy nhp vo hi thoi Change View, y ngi dng c th t cc xc lp nh rng ca s, t l bn ... iu khin vic Nt <iu khin mn (Layer contron button). hin th cc i tng trnlayer>hnh. (Tng ng vi t chn Truy nhp vo hp MAP). lnh Change View trong Menu thoi Layer contron ch nh v kim sot ton b cc table trong ca s bn ang c hin th. Trong hp thoi ny ngi s dng c th t cc tu chn nh hin th hoc khng hin th cc i cng hc thay i li Nt <Ko> (Grabber button).S dng tngc (ko)trong mt layer (Visible), Nt <Tra cu thng tin>ca stool button). chn hoc layout trong (info ang hin th v tr ca bn layer sa cha (Editable) cho php chn hay khng cc i Cng c ny cho php, t cc xc lpd liu dng tng kiuhp tng ho trn bn ngi dng xem hin th cho bng kt i Nt cc i tng bn trong MAPINFObutton) Nt <Chn theolayerknh> (Radius Select text), sp xp bn (ng, vi <Nhn> (Label button). (Boundary Select button) li th t tng c trong ng bao> im, vng, Ngic (chn chnbutton) cngkhu <Nhn> hi gn nhn cho y dngnt th bn button). php chn v tm cc Nt layer ang hin s dng ca s bnthc thm vochn v tm <Chn> c theo th trong choc vc , vic kim bt i (Select trn knh Cng Ging nhgii> (Legend nhng cc <Ch 22 hoc i tng nyc dng dthnghinmtt c bt d liuch gii cho hobn mt nm sc hnh dngdungk do hay bn ghi bng cc chn ccly ni s bng ngingi tin i tng hnh trnquan H. Nt <Thc> <Chn> bng Chn xc nh(Ruler ca s ang hin th vnghay nhiu layer... kim nt c i tng m button) trong th mt (object) m dng vng (Add, remove) trong ca S nh. (Record) trong ccdng hoc biu .xc nh khong cc gia hai im dng ch nh. ca s bn xc bn cng c ny layout hoc Browser

Trung tm Cng php ngi s-dng c th thc hin- vic cht - v tm Cng c cho ngh Tin hc Trng i hc M a chn H Ni

Nt <Chn Marquee> (Marquee select button)

kim cc i tng bn trong mt khu vc c ch giao bng mt hnh ch nht (Marquee box). Nt <n nh cc i tng chn> (assign Selected Object) Cng c ny ch dng khi thc hin lnh Redistricting (phn nh) n cho php n nh ton b cc i tng c chn thnh <Target> (ch). Nt <t i tng ch phn nh trn bn > (Set Target District from Map button). Cng c ny ch dng khi thc hin lnh Redistricting (phn nh) n <Phng to> nh ton b cc Nt cho php n(Zoom-in button) i tng c chn thnh <Target> (ch). Cng c ny c s dng phng to bn hoc layout, thun tin cho vic quan st cc i tng bn . Nt <Thng k> (Statistics button) Nt <Thng k> cho php truy nhp vo ca s Statistics trong Nt <Thu nh>th thy c tng, tr trung bnh... ca ton b cc ngi dng c (Zoom-out button) Ngcliu vi cng i trn, nt nyc chn trong hochin th ct s li cho mt c tng ang s thu nh bn ca s layout li quan st tng quan cc i tng. bn . b. Thanh cng c v (DRAWING) Thanh ny cha cc cng c v cc lnh s dng khi to v sa cha cc i tng bn . Nt <Thm Node> (Add Node button) Cng c ny cho php ngi s dng thm mt node vo i tng dng vng, ng khi ang lm vic trong ch nh li hnh dng i tng (Reshape mode).

Nt <Elip> (Elipse button) Nt c to cc i tng hnh elip hoc hnh trn. (Mun to Cng <V hnh ch nht c gc cong> (Rounded Rectangle button) S hnh trn nhn v gi phm tng c dng hnh thnhdng khi cn to ra cc i Shift trong khi v). ch nht hoc hnh vung vi cc gc c vut cong. Nt <Cung> (Arc button) Nt SNt<Chy li hnh dng>MAPBASIC> theo kch thc v hnh dng cngchng trnh(Reshapecung (Run Mapbasic Program v mt <nh c <cung> button) mt phn t ng trn haybutton) dng cung ngi s dngbt hoc tt ch nh dng li i tng elip. Cho php Truy nhp hp thoi Run Mapbasic Program, trong ngi s khi c sa cc i tng chy ng, polyline, dng cnth chn ng dng vng, trong MAPINFO cung v im Nt <Khung> (Frame button) hoc di chuyn cc node dng xc bng cch thm vo xo i Cng c cho tng ngi s dng to ra cc khung trong ca s nh cc i php . layout hinNt <Hin thStyles, biu , (Showtnh, ch gii, th (Region ca button) bn Mapbasic> bng Mapbasic Window button) Nt <Kiu vng>cc ca sth hoc khng hin th ca MapBasic. Cho liu hin Nt <Text> (Text button) cng cnt th, sphp vo hp thoi thng bo. Chn hin truy nhp thng k, cc Region Style, trong ngi S dng to ra cc tiu , cc nhn, cc ghi ch khc c trn Nt <Kiuc Text>nht> (Rectanglelng i tng vng (Fill Nt <Kiu hiu> i s <Kiu kch (Text Style button) Nt <V vng> (Line pattern t button) Nt dnghnhth thay(Symbol Style bn <Vng> (Polygon button) Nt<a ng>ng>ch and blackground).ngi (Border Style Nt layout.nn (Color truy Chn <K <Kiu hpthoi Symbol Style,to cc ngi Line Style), Truy nhp vo Pattern), c hp thoi 23 Kiu s dng c th Chn nhpmu <v hnh button) nhp tronghp thoi s c dng Truy cnghiu> (Symbol nht> trong i tng dng c Nt nt vo v (PolylineText Style, vo button) Sthay ngi ch cc th c thi dng ng kn(color)... bi v Cng i v cc hnhi kchtrn bn (Style),(Size)i tngk c hoc rng mucc ng bao kn, to ni ca c dng c (Width), h (Size),ngoi hin ca bn trongdngnhtto s polyline tng vnghocim thmu ratrncc cc thay (Color) v dng vung thc kch thc c (Color) cc i kiu ra (Font), thay c kiu (Mun ca to vi cc kiu (Style, v (Color), khp mu khi cc hnh mu hnhdng th ch S bng ni v ngcc k vi phm Shift khi dng ng. lc ntnhn lihiu.nhau.i tng v hnh). i vng. vungtng dng Text. hiu. (Width)gi cc ng khc. ca

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

III. Cc chc nng chnh ca MAPINFO. Cc chc nng ca MAPINFO c phn theo cc nhm nh sau: 1. Vo d liu (INPUT). 2. Cp nht sa cha d liu (UPDATE). 3. Hin th d liu (VIEW). 4. Tra cu (QUERY). 5. In n (PRINT).
6. Nhp, Xut (IMPORT, EXPORT).

A/ Vo mi d liu (Input). D liu trong MAPINFO c phn lm hai loi: - C s d liu khng gian (l cc bn ). - C s d liu thuc tnh (l cc thng tin m t cho cc i tng c trong c s d liu khng gian). Cch vo d liu khng gian: - Vo trc tip qua MAPINFO: ci t thit b qua bn v (Digitizer) vo mi trng windows v dng cc lnh to mi cc i tng ca MAPINFO vo bn . - Vo qua cc chng trnh s ho khc nh Microstation, AUTOCAD, DesignCAD... Sau khi s ho xong phi chuyn d liu sang format trc tip ca MAPINFO hoc chuyn sang dng DXF ca ACAD, sau dng lnh IMPORT ca MAPINFO chuyn sang dng d liu ca MAPINFO. Cch vo d liu phi khng gian. - Vo trc tip trong MAPINFO. Hin th bng d liu ln trn mn hnh (nh lnh Browser trong FOXPRO). - IMPORT t file dng DBF ca FOXPRO hoc DBF ca ACCESS, EXCEL. B. Hin th d liu Ton b d liu c lu trong mt khong khng gian lm vic (WORKSPACE). WORKSPACE bao gm cc bng d liu thuc tnh, cc lp d liu khng gian hin th trn cng mt ca s (WINDOWS) chng (OVERLAY) ln nhau hay mi lp mt ca s khc nhau. Vi s tr gip ca mi trng WINDOWS nn cng mt lc ngi dng c kh nng quan st nhiu ca s khc nhau trn mn hnh. Cc thao tc vi cc ca s hin th (nh thu, phng, di chuyn) cng ging nh vi bt k ng dng no chy trn h iu hnh Windows.
24

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

M mt ca s mi: Thng thng trn my khi trao sn phm cho ngi dng, mi thng tin c lu trong mt WORKSPACE. V vy khi mun xem ton b thng tin hin c ch cn m mt WORKSPACE. Thao tc m ca s WORKSPACE - Chn menu FILE (bng con tr hoc n ALT+F) - Chn Open Workspace (bng con tr hoc n W) Trn mn hnh hin ra mt ca s hi thoi, ngi dng xc nh ng dn ti vng cha thng tin v tn file WORKSPACE cn m. Chn xong, trn mn hnh xut hin ca s hin th d liu khng gian cho mt WORKSPACE v cc ca s bng (TABLE BROWSE) cha cc d liu phi khng gian cn thit tng ng trn WORKSPACE (c th c hoc khng). A. Cc thao tc hin th d liu phi khng gian (Browser) D liu phi khng gian hin th trn mt ca s di dng mt bng. Thao tc vi bng ny ngi dng thao tc nh vi mt s ca s in hnh ca WINDOWS: thu phng, di chuyn, scroll.v.v B. Cc thao tc hin th d liu khng gian a. M mt lp thng tin (Open Table): Mun lm vic vi MAPINFO vic u tin cn tin hnh l m mt file hoc table, c cha cc thng tin bn s lm vic, m mt table: Trong menu file chn Open Table (hoc bm phm nng <Ctrl + O>) m hp thoi Open Table Ch : Nu ang hp thoi Quick Start (hp thoi hin th u tin ngay sau khi khi ng MAPINFO). Chn nt Open v Table (m table), bm OK hin th hp thoi Open Table. Nhng ch nh trong hp thoi Open Table ph thuc vo: - Ngi s dng s m mt table tn ti? - S nhp d liu vo MAPINFO ln u tin? Sau ch nh ng dn v tn table mun m. b. Thay i t l xem Thay i qua bng cng c (Tool Palette)
25

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

* Phng to (Zoom in): Chn con tr phng (Zoom in cursor) Cch mt: T ng phng to gp i hai ln. Chn biu tng v t con tr phng vo trung tm vng cn phng v n phm. Lp li cho n khi t ti t l mong mun. Cch hai: Xc nh vng cn phng trn mn hnh. Gi phm con tr v di chuyn xc nh mt vng hnh ch nht trn mn hnh. Sau khi nh phm con tr, vng c xc nh phng ra y ca s. Lp li cho n khi t ti t l mong mun. * Thu nh (Zoom out): Chn con tr thu (Zoom out cursor). Cch mt: T ng thu nh mt na. Chn biu tng v t con tr thu vo trung tm vng cn thu v n phm. Lp li cho n khi t ti t l mong mun. Cch hai: Xc nh vng cn thu trn mn hnh. Gi phm con tr v di chuyn xc nh mt vng hnh ch nht trn mn hnh. Sau khi nh phm con tr, ton b vng xem hin thi c thu v trong hnh ch nht va nh ngha v thu li cc phn xem bn ngoi cho y mn hnh. Lp li cho n khi t ti t l mong mun. * Di chuyn bn : Hai cch Cch mt: Chn Move tool trn bng cng c (Tool Palette). n phm con tor v di chuyn con tr trn mn hnh. Ton b bn s di chuyn theo. Khi bn trn mn hnh t ti v tr mong mun, nh phm con tr. Cch hai: Qua iu khin cc thanh di chuyn (Scroll bar) dc, ngang ca ca s hin thi. * Thay i t l xem (Chage View): Chn menu MAP (Alt + M) Chn menu item Change View (V) * Thay i t l xem theo: - Chiu ngang bn : Chn Zoom (window width) - T l bn : Chn MAP Scale * Di chuyn bn : Xc nh li trung tm hin th bn trn mn hnh. Thay i li tm bn qua chn Center of Window.
26

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

* Thay i hin th cc lp thng tin, iu khin cc lp thng tin (Control Lavers) - Chn menu MAP (Alt + M) - Chn item menu (layer control) hoc Ctrl + L Trn mn hnh xut hin bng iu khin cc layer (Layer Control). Ton b cc lp thng tin ca WORKSPACE c phn nh trn bng ny. Cc thng tin v lp layer trn bng ny l: Tn Kiu hin th trn mn hnh (Display) Kiu hin th bnh thng nh khi vo (Default) Kiu hin th theo kiu ngi dng t nh ngha (Universal) Kiu hin th theo bng ch gii (Shading) Ngi dng c th sa (v mt d liu khng gian) hay khng (Editable) C cho php c tham gia vo trong cc cu hi p hay khng (Seletable) C t mt phm v gii hn t l cho hin th hay khng (Zoom Layered) * Cc chc nng c th thc hin cho cc lp trong bng: Thay i hin th cho lp hin ti ang c chn trn bng. Chn phm Settings (c m t c th di). Thm bt i cc lp thng tin hin c trong WORKSPACE. Remove: Xa i lp thng tin hin ti ang c chn trn bng Add: Thm lp thng tin mi Thay i th t hin th cc lp thng tin (Rcorder) Cc lp thng tin c hin th di ln theo th t trong bng. thay i th t cc lp hin ti t di ln theo th t trong bng. thay i th t ca lp hin ti, chn Up: a lp ln trn cc lp khc, chn Down a lp xung di cc lp khc. Chn Cancel: Hu b mi thay i m ngi dng va lm trn bng iu khin lp thng tin. Chn OK: chng trnh hin th d liu thao cch ngi dng va nh ngha li.
27

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

* t tham s hin th cho mt lp (Laver Settings) Chon Display trong bng iu khin lp thng tin (Layer Control). Trn mn hnh xut hin cc tham s c th thay i c cho lp hin ti. * Thay i ch hin th: (Display Mode) Ch hin th: Tt: (Off) khng hin th lp thng tin trn mn hnh. Bnh thng: (Default) hin th lp thng tin theo chun khi vo. T nh ngha: (Universal) hin th lp thng tin theo cch ngi dng nh ngha. Thay i qua cch chn trn Universal Display. Kch vo tng ng bn di Style Oversal : Thay i cho cc i tng kiu ng trong lp c th thay i kiu style, mu (color) v kch c (size) Thay i cho cc i tng kiu im trong lp c th thay i kiu t vng (pattem mt trn v nn), mu color. Thay i cho cc i tng kiu ch (font), mu (color), kch thc (size) v gc nghing (angle) (tnh theo t 0 n 360) Theo bng ch gii: (Thematic map) hin th theo mt h thng mu, kiu cho trc no c th hin di dng bng ch gii. * t cho php ngi dng c quyn sa d liu hay khng (Edit Control) nh du Editable: cho php sa nh du Selectable: C cho php c tham gia vo trong cc cu hi p hay khng. * Gii hn t l hin th: (Zoom Lavering) nh du ch cho php c hin th trong mt khong nht nh (Display when in range). Nu nh du ch cho php c hin th trong mt khong nht nh vo khong gii hn t l. Cn trn (Min Zoom) cn di (Max Zoom) * t cch th hin nhn ca cc i tng trong lp (LABLE) Mi mt i tng c hai d liu: d liu khng gian ang hin th trn mn hnh v d liu phi khng gian lu di dng bng thuc tnh hng ct. Trn
28

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

mn hnh hin th d liu khng gian, gn vi mi mt i tng, c mt nhn th hin mt s liu no v thuc tnh ca i tng . Cch to ra xin xem phn 4.1 tra cu thng tin theo v tr a l: * Quyt nh thuc tnh no s c lm nhn ca cc i tng Chn mt ct trong bng thuc tnh ca lp "Lable with columns" hoc mt biu thc Expression do ngi dng t nh ngha. Nhn c th hin bng mt dng ch gn i tng c nh nhn. Nhn c th lin h vi i tng tng ng qua mt ng thng (c/khng c mi tn) ch ti i tng. 4. Tra cu thng tin 4.1. Tra cu thng tin theo v tr a l Tr li cho cu hi "ci g ti v tr (vng) khng gian ny". Phng php: chn cc i tng khng gian ti mt v tr hay mt vng khng gian no v xem cc thng tin ca i tng ny. a. Cng c ly thng tin khng gian ca mt i tng c ch ra trn mn hnh (Selact Tool) Chn cng c hnh mi tn trong bng cc cng c (Tools). Ngi dng mun tra cu thng tin v mt i tng no , dng con tr kch hai ln vo i tng (double click). Cc thng tin ngi dng c th c c: i tng kiu im (POINT): to im i tng kiu ng (LINE): vng khng ch (bounds), chiu di (length), im trung tm (Center) s on (Line segments). i tng kiu vng (POLYGON): vng khng ch (bounds), chu vi (primeter) (Line segments), din tch (Area), im trung tm (Center) s on (Line segements) s vng (Polygon). i tng kiu ch (TEXT): ni dung ch, kiu (font), im bt u (start), gc quay (Rotation angle). b. Cng c ly thng tin phi khng gian tng ng vi i tng cn tra cu (info Tool): Chn cng c c ch I (Info) trong bng cc cng c (Tools). Ngi dng mun tra cu thng tin phi khng gian v mt i tng no , dng con tr kch
29

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

hai ln vo i tng (double click). Trn mn hnh xut hin ca s thng tin (info window) hin th thng tin phi khng gian tng ng vi i tng c kch. Thay i i tng, s liu trn ca s thng tin thay i theo. c. Cng c tm thng tin ca mt hay mt nhm cc i tng theo mt vng no (Search by region) * Tm theo mt bn knh (Radius search selector tool): Chn cng c c hnh mi tn ch vo mt vng trn trong bng cc cng c (Tools) a con tr vo tm vng cn tm Gi phm con tr v xc nh bn knh vng cn xem (c m t bng mt vng trn trn mn hnh). Tt c cc i tng nm trong vng ny c xc nh nh l cc i tng c chn. Trn ca s bn (map) cc i tng tho mn i mu v kh ngi dng m bng d liu phi khng gian (browse) th cc bn ghi cha cc d liu tng ng cng i mu. * Tm cc i tng khng gian trong mt vng do ngi dng t nh ngha (polygon Search Seletor Tool): Chn cng c c hnh mi tn ch vo mt hnh v tng trng vng trong bng cc cng c (Tools). Ngi dng con tr v vng cn tm kim theo mt hnh dng bt k. Kt thc vng n phm con tr hai ln. MAPINFO t ng kn v chn tt cc i tng nm trong vng. Tt c cc i tng nm trong vng ny c xc nh nh l cc i tng c chn. Trn ca s bn (map) cc i tng tho mn i mu v khi ngi dng m bng d liu phi khng gian (browse) th cc bn ghi cha cc d liu tng ng cng i mu. 4.2. Tra cu thng tin theo thuc tnh Tr li cu hi "nhng i tng no, u tho mn iu kin ny". Phng php ch ra cc i tng khng gian trn bn tho mn mt hay nhiu iu kin no theo d liu phi khng gian. C hai cch hi p cho dng ny. Hi theo biu thc thng thng (Select) Hi theo dng ngn ng hi p cu trc cho m hnh c s d liu quan h (SQL Structure Query Language) (SQL Select) a. Hi theo biu thc thng thng (Select)
30

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

Chn item menu "SELECT" trong menu "ANALYSE": Cho php ngi dng chn cc bn ghi v cc i tng t mt bng theo cc thuc tnh ca cc i tng. Cc bn ghi trong bng d liu phi khng gian v cc i tng trn bn m tho mn iu kin la chn s c ch ra. Ngi dng c th to ra mt bng kt qu v ri c th xem d liu phi khng gian (browse) v hin th d liu khng gian (map) nh cc bng khc. Khi chn select trn mn hnh xut hin ca s i thoi "Select Window". Chn bng i tng m ngi dng mun tm kim: "Select records from table" xy dng biu thc tm kim: "That satisfy" Kt qu c ghi ra bng mi vi tn khai trong "Store result in table". Nu khng cc kt qu tm kim c ghi li di bng c tn ln lt l "Query1", "Query2", Kt qu c xp xp theo th t tng hoc gim dn theo gi tr trng khai trong "Sort result by column". kt qu c hin th ra di dng bng trn mn hnh, nh du trong "Browse results". Chn "OK" thc hin tm kim. Khi ngi dng cn c s tr gip trong qu trnh xy dng biu thc tm kim, chn "assist" b. Hi p theo SQL (SQL Select) Chn menu item "SQL Select" trong menu "Analyse" SQL Select cho php ngi dng to hi p tng hp trn mt hay nhiu bng. SQL Select l mt trong cc cu lnh mnh nht ca MAPINFO. SQL select cho php ngi thc hin cc cng vic sau: To cc thng tin dn sut (Derived Information) Kt ni cc bng d liu (Joining) Thu thp d liu (Assembly) Thng tin dn sut (Derived Information) l cc thng tin c th tnh c t cc bng d liu m khng c th hin tng minh trong cc bng ny. SQL select cho php ngi dng ly t ra t thng tin t mt hay nhiu bng d liu to ra mt bangr mi cha cc thng tin dn xut. Kt ni: (Joining) C bn, thng tin c lu trong nhiu bng d liu ring bit nhau. SQL select cho php ngi dng to cc quan h kt ni ngi dng c th a cc thng tin t cc bng d liu khc nhau vo bn ca ngi dng.
31

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

Thu thp: (Assembly): thu thp c ngha l ngi dng to ra mt bng mi qua thu thp d liu r rng hay cc d liu dn xut t cc bng tn ti. C th hn v cch to ra cu hi p kiu SQL (ng php) xin xem thm cc sch gii thiu v c s d liu quan h v ngn ng hi p SQL. C php tng qut ca SQL select trong MAPINFO nh sau: Select <mt hoc nhiu ct> from <mt hoc nhiu bng> Where <iu kin cn tho mn> MAPINFO cung cp mt s hm cho SQL nh sau: Count(*) m s bn ghi trong bng tho mn iu kin. Sum(<biu thc>) Max(<biu thc>) Max(<biu thc>) : tnh tng : tnh gi tr ln nht : tnh gi tr nh nht Average (<biu thc>): tnh trung bnh

Sau y l mt s ton t khng gian ca SQL cho dng d liu khng gian: Cc ton t khng gian cho php ngi dng chn ra cc i tng da trn cc mi quan h v khng gian vi cc i tng khc. MAPINFO dng t kho (keyword) dng vi cc ton t khng gian l "ojb" hoc "oject". T kho ny thng bo cho MAPINFO bit ly gi tr t cc i tng khng gian ch khng ly t cc bng d liu. Sau y l cc ton t khng gian ca MAPINFO dng trong SQL Seclect: " Contains" cha: i tng A cha i tng B nu im trng tm ca B bt c ni no trong A. "Contain Entire" cha ton b: i tng A cha ton b i tng B nu ton b ng bao ca i tng B nm trong i tng A. "Within" trong: A trong B nu trng tm A l trong ng bao ca A "Entirely Within" trong ton b: A trong ton b B nu ton b ng bao ca A u trong ng bao ca B. "Itersects" ct: A ct B nu chng c t nht mt im chung hoc nu mt trong hai i tng trong ton b i tng khc. 4.3. To biu (GRAPH) Chn menu item "Graph" trong menu "Window" Cho php ngi dng chn s liu trong mt bng to ra mt biu hai chiu XY.

32

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

Chiu X: l mt ct bo trong bng. Kiu s liu ca ct ny c th l s, ch vv... Chiu Y: ti a l 4 ct. Kiu s liu ca cc ct ny phi l s. Trn mn hnh xut hin ca s i thoi to bng biu (Graph Table) Graph Table: Chn bng v biu Using columns: chn cc ct v biu . Ti a l 4 ct. Lable with column: chn ct lm gi tr cho chiu X v biu chn menu Item Graph type trong menu GRAPH Graph Title: tiu ca biu . Ngi dng c th thay i ni dung, kiu, kch thc tiu . * Chn kiu biu Graph Type Area: biu di dng theo din tch Bar: biu di dng thanh hp Line: biu d di dng ng Pie: biu di dng hnh trn phn trm XY: biu di dng im. * Option cc la chn khc Stacked: chng ln nhau Overlaped: ph ln nhau Drop Lines: c v thm cc on thng t nh cao nht ti trc X Rotated: quay ngang biu Show 3D: hin th di m hnh 3 chiu Overlap %: t l phn trm cc thanh ph ln nhau. 0% khng ph ln nhau. 100% ph nhau hon ton. Bar Gutter %: t l khong cch gia cc thanh so vi y cc thanh. Start Pie Angle: gc bt u v cho loi biu Pie. Chun l gc = 0. 4.4. To cc bn chuyn (THEMATIC MAP) t trng d liu (Create Thematic map) a. Kiu bn phn bc gii (Range Map) Kiu chung nht ca cc bn chuyn (thematic map) l bn c phn loi theo mt s cc khong gi tr khc nhau. Tt c cc i tng ri vo cng mt khong c phn nh trn bn theo cng mt kiu. V d nh cng loi k hiu (symbol), cng kiu ng, cng mu vv..
33

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

V d bn dn s theo x ca mt huyn, ngi dng c th chia cc vng trn bn theo mt dn s nh: V d bn ch dn s theo x ca mt huyn, ngi dng c th chia cc vng trn bn theo mt dn s nh: Khong 1: nh hn 100 ngi/1km2 Khong 2: t 100 n 500 ngi/1 km2 Khong 3: t 501 n 2000 ngi/km2 b. Kiu bn theo cc gi tr n (Individual Values) Cc i tng trn bn c t ng chia khong theo tng ga tr n ca cc i tng. c. Kiu bn theo mt im (Dots densitv): Trong kiu bn theo mt im, cc im c dng phn nh mt s lng cc ga tr. V d to bn dn s theo kiu mt im, mt im tng ng vi 10 ngi. Vng c 300 ngi c th hin bng 30 im, vng 2000 th hin bng 200 im. Cc im c phn b ngu nhin trong mt vng. S lng im trong vng phn nh gi tr tng ng ca vng . d. Biu bn (Graduated Symbol) Biu din theo kiu ny, kch thc ca symbol c to ra tng ng vi gi tr m n th hin. Cc gi tr khng c chia thnh nhm theo khong, ch c kch thc k hiu thay i lin tc theo gi tr. Mt symbol ln th hin mt gi tr cao, symbol nh th hin gi tr b. Biu y c th phn chia cu trc hoc khng. e. Cch to mt bn ch trong MAPINFO i tng m ngi dng nh th hin trn bn chuyn c gi l bin ch (thematic variable). to mt bn ch , ngi dng cn bit: Bin ch no. D liu dng to ch ly t bng no, ct no trong bng. Th hin bn bng phng php no. Vo to bn ch t menu Map chn Create Thematic Map Xc nh phng php biu th yu t ni dung (biu , gii, im hay vng...), nhn phm Next n bc tip theo. Ch nh tn table bo s s dng thnh lp bn .

34

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

Chn ct d liu (Field) MAPINFO ly cc gi tr trong browser xy dng bn . Nhn phm Next chuyn n bc tip theo. Chn OK: MAPINFO to bn chuyn theo phng php bn m ngi dng n nh, mu sc do MAPINFO t xc nh. MAPINFO cho php ngi dng c th can thip kh su vo qu trnh thnh lp bn cng nh t li kiu hin th cc yu t ni dung trn bn chuyn . Vi phng php gii ngi dng c th nh li s lng bc trn bn (2,4,6,8...bc), c th la chn cc kiu biu khc nhau khi dng phng php biu , t li mu sc hin th yu t ni dung sau khi to bn cho ph hp vi quy phm thnh lp bn ... 3. Cp nht d liu v sa i d liu (UPDATE) 3.1. Cp nht v sa i d liu thuc tnh Cch sa cha d liu thuc tnh d dng nht v trc quan nht l sa trn ca s BROWSER. c th t ng sa cha mt hoc nhiu cc i tng cng mt lc, dng lnh UPDATE COLUMN trong menu TABLE. Lnh cho php sa mt thuc tnh no ca ton b cc i tng trong bng hoc mt s cc i tng c ch ra trc. 3.2. Sa cha p0hn d liu khng gian D liu khng gian c lu trong ca s MAP. Mt MAP c th cha mt hoc nhiu cc layer khc nhau. sa cha mt lp no , dng lnh LAYER CONTROL trong menu MAP chn layer cn sa, bt chn la EDITTABLE, tip theo chn OK. Layer c la chn EDITTABLE c kh nng sa cha bng cc cng c v (xem phn trn). Trong trng hp trong mt ca s MAP c nhiu layer khac nhau, xc nh i tng cn sa thuc layer no, dng cng c info (phm c ch I) trong bng cng c chnh. 4. In n 4.1. Giai on chun b bn in ra (LAYOUT) D liu c in ra di dng cc ca s C 3 loi ca s: Ca s d liu khng gian: ca s cho WORKSPACE hay cc ca s cha cc kt qu hi p, tm kim.
35

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

Ca s cho d liu phi khng gian: ca s BROWSE cho cc lp d liu hay cc ca s cha cc kt qu hi p, tm kim. (Ca s QUERY). Ca s cha cc th, biu c v ln t d liu (Ca s GRAPH). Cng mt lc, ngi dng c th in mt hay nhiu cc ca s trong ba loi ca s trn. LAYOUT l cng vic b tr cc ca s s c in ra trn giy nh th no. Sau khi ngi dng ng vi LAYOUT hin ti th mi a bn cn in trn LAYOUT ra my in. 4.2. To LAYOUT Chn menu LAYOUT t menu WINDOWS. Nu khng c ca s no c m, xut hin mt ca s trng cho layout. Nu tn ti mt hay nhiu ca s xut hin ca s hi thoi to ra mt layout mi (New Layout Window). Chn "One Frame for Window": Khi ngi dng mun a vo Layout ch mt ca s m thi. Chn "Frame for all currently windows": Khi ca s mun a ton b cc ca s ang m (bn , bng s liu, th, kt qu hi p.v.v.) vo layout. Chn "No Frames": Khi ngi dng to ra mt layout trng. Khi to raoio ca s layout, kch thc ca s layout ph thuc vo kch thc (Sizze) v hng (orientation) giy ca thit b in ra hin ti. Cch thay i kch thc layout, xin xem tip di. Thao tc xem ca s layout nh thao tc vi mt ca s bn thng thng co dn, thay i t l xem, thay6 i vng xem v.v. 4.3. Thay i kch thc LAYOUT Thay i kch thc vt l v hng ca thit b my in. V d nh HP Deskjet sang HP Paintjet chn PRINTERSETUP v chuyn my in hin ti (current printer) t HP Deskjet sang HP Paintjet. Khi kch thc ny thay i th kch thc ca s layout cng thay i theo. Thay i s lng trang v rng l giy: Chn menu item "Layout size" trong menu "layout" Thay i s lng giy theo chiu ngang: t li width Thay i s lng giy theo chiu dc: t li height Thay i li kch thc l giy: t li "Margin"
36

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

4.4. Thay i kch thc cc ca s c in ra trong layout Cc ca s bn v cc bng ch gii i km vi n (nu c) Bng tay: dng con tr ko dn vng cn in Qua t l: Kch phm con tr ko dn vng cn in ra nh to tm, t l (km/cm). Cc tham s ny c ngi dng chn sao cho t hiu qu mong mun. Cc ca s khc thao tc ch yu bng tay. 4.5. In ni dung layout ra thit b Chn ng thit b in my in hoc my v. Bt thit b in Kim tra cp truyn d liu c ni thch hp gia my tnh v thit b in. Kim tra giy in, mt s thit b in, khi in s t ng np giy v d nh my in. Cn mt s thit b v d nh my v c th chng ta phi np giy bng tay trc khi in bn ra. in ni dung LAYOUT, la chn PRINT trong menu FILE. Trong mt s trng hp nu b nh trong (RAM) ca thit b ra khng cha d liu a t my tnh, bn in c th khng hon thnh c. Cch khc phc tt nht l tng thm b nh trong cho thit b ra.

Hng dn s dng phn mm mapinfo bin tp bn

I. Cc lnh trn menu

37

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

I.1 File menu.

1.1. New table (bng mi) : cho php to mt bng mi. 1.2. Open Table (m bng): cho php m mt bng ca Mapinfo. D liu file DBF ca dBASE. File d liu ASCII, d liu ca lotus 1-2-3, d liu ca bng tnh Micicrrosoft Excel. Open Workspace (m Workspace): cho php m Workspace. 1.3. Close table (ng bng 0 cho php ng bng, k c cc bng hi p (Query). 1.4. Close all (ng tt cc bng). Cho php ng tt c cc bng c m. 1.5. Save table (ghi bng): cho php ghi li bng cng nhng s thay i trc . 1.6. Save copy as (ghi bng sang tn khc 0 cho php ghi bng sang tn khc. 1.7. Revert table (ly li bng trc khi thay i): Cho php tr li n bng trc khi thc hin thay i n . 1.8. Save Workspace (ghi Workspace) cho php ghi li thng tin xung quanh nhng bng v nhng ca s c s dng trong on hin thi ca bng. 1.9. Run Mapbasic program (chy chng trnh Mapbasic) cho php chy cc chng trnh vit bng Mapbasic cho Mapinfo. 1.10. Print (in): Cho php bn in ni dung ca ca s Layout, Browser, Graph.... ra my in v dm bo cc ch nh d t nh trong Print setup. 1.11. Print setup (t my in): Cho php chn my in v cc thng s cho my in. chn kch c giy kiu t giy (ngang / dc).
38

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

1.12. Save window as (ghi ca s bn sang dng khc). Cho php bn lu gi ca s lm vic v ghi n nh file nh bitmap (BMP) hoc nh mt ca s. 1.13. Exit (thot): Cho php thot khi chng trnh Mapinfo.

I.2. Edit menu.

2.1. Undo (tr li): Cho php bn loi b hnh ng va c bin tp. 2.2. Cut (ct): Cho php loi b cc Text v cc i tng c la chn v chuyn chng vo Clipboard. 2.3. Copy (sao chp) : Cho php sao chp Text hoc cc thng tin ho vo Clipboard. 2.4. Paste (dn) : Cho php sao chp ni dung ca Clipboard vo bng hoc ca s ang bin tp. 2.5. Clear (xo): Cho php xo Text hoc cc i tng c chn. 2.6. Clear map Objects (xo i tng bn ): Cho php bn b nhng i tng ho t bng. 2.7. Reshape (nh dng li): Cho php cht d liu vo hoc ra ca kiu nh dng. S dng bien tp vng (Region), ng khp kn (polylines), ng (lines) v nhng im bi s dch chuyn thm, xo nhng nt ti nh ngha on dng. Bn c th cng sao chp v dn. 2.8. New Row (hng mi): cho php thm mt bn ghi trng ti ch cui ca Browser hot ng. New Row hot ng khi : Mt Browser ang hot ng v cho php bin tp bng l m. Bn khng th bin tp bng c thuc tnh ch c nh bng ASCI Excel v Lotus. 2.9. Get Info (nhn thng tin): Cho php bn hin th hp hi thoi thuc tnh i tng (Object Attribute dialog) bin tp hoc ch c cho i tng c chn trong Map hoc Layout thay th thuc hai ln bm trn i tng. S dng hp thoi ny ch r thuc tnh bn cho mt i tng. Get Info hot dng khi mt ca s bn (Map Window) hoc l mt Layout ang hot ng v mt i tng c chn.
39

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

I.3. Object menu.

3.1. Set Target (t mc tiu): Cho php bn cho chun b mt i tng c chn chp thun th tc bin tp tip theo (Combine, Erase, Erase Outside, Split and Overlay Nodes). Set Target c hot ng khi mt ca s bn c hot ng (Map Windows) v mt lp thng tin trong ca s bn hin thi l c php bin tp v t nht c mt i tng trong lp thng tin c chn. 3.2. Clear Target (xo mc tiu): Cho php bn xo cc i tng c s dng Set Target. Clear Target hot ng khi mt ca s bn c hot ng, tn ti mt i tng s dng Set Target v Combine, Erase, Erase Outside, Split and Overlay Nodes khng c cha ng ngoi trn i tng.

10.3 Series (s hiu th) Cho php bn tu thuc vo s hiu yu t trong biu , th. Series hot ng khi c mt ca s th hot ng. 10.4 Value Axis (gi tr trc) bn c th thay i nhng nhn nhng ng li ca gi tr trc. Value Axis hot ng c khi c mt ca s th hot ng. I.11. Layout 11.1. Align Objects (Xp thng hng i tng) cho php bn sp xp i tng cng i tng khc trong Layout, hoc cng ca s layout m n t to ra. Align objects hot ng khi: C mt ca s Layout hot ng ca s v i tng c chn trong layout. 11.2. Bring To Front (a ra trc) Cho php bn a i tng ra t i tng sau bin i n trong layout. Bring to Front hot ng khi: C mt vI i tng layout c chn.
40

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

11.3. Change Zoom (thay i thu phng) Cho php bn hin th hp hi thoi bn thay i thu phng ca layout hin thi ang hin th. Change Zoom hot ng khi: c mt ca s layout hot ng. 11.4. Create Drop Shadows (to bng) Cho php bn to phng ng sau khung ca s hoc i tng trong layout. Create Drop Shadows hot ng khi: c mt ca s layout hot ng v mt i tng layout c chn. 11.5. Options (cc la chn) Cho php bn ch ra khu ca s v ni dung ca n c hin th trong ca s layout v ca s layout no c hin th. N cng cho php bn ch ra gii hn v s lng ca giy cho layout hin thi. Options hot ng khi: c mt ca s layout hot ng. 11.6. Send to Back (chuyn n pha sau) Cho php bn thay i th t i tng trong layout theo v tr c chn hin thi. Send to Back hot ng khi: C mt ca s layout hot ng v mt i tng c chn. 11.7. Previous View (tr li ln xem trc) Cho php bn tr li trc tip ln xem trc. Previous View hot ng khi: c mt ca s bn hoc ca s layout hot ng. Ca xem trc c thay i. 11.8. View Actual Size (xem ln thc) Cho php bn hin th layout cng y cc i tng xut hin ln thc ca n. ln thc ca i tng l ln ca i tng khi in. View Actual Size hot ng khi: c mt ca s layout hot ng. 11.9. View Entire Layout (xen ton b layout) xem trong menu Map nhng thay v Map th y l layout. I.12. Redistrict (chia li vng). 12.1. Add District: S dng lnh ny thm mt vng mi n mt vng c Redistrict hot ng khi: c mt ln chia li vng c kt qu. 12.2. Assign Selected Objects (n nh i tng c chn) S dng lnh ny c nh tt c cc i tng bn c chn lm mc tiu cho chia vng. Assign Selected Objects hot ng khi: c mt ln chia li vng c kt qu v c mt hoc hn mt i tng bn c chn. 12.3. Delete Target District (xo i tng mc tiu chia vng): s dng lnh ny xo i tng mc tiu chia vng hin thi. Delete Target District hot ng khi: c mt ln chia li vng c kt qu. 12.4. Options (cc la chn) S dng lnh ny cho php bn vo hp hi thoi la chn chia li vng Redistricter Options. Hp hi thoi ny cho php bn ch ra th t ca hin th chia vng v ng li. Options hot ng khi: C mt ln chia li vng c kt qu. 12.5. Set Target District from Map (t mc tiu t bn ) S dng lnh ny nhng i tng c chn lm mc tiu cho vic chia vng mi. Set Target District from Map hot ng khi: c mt ln chia li vng c kt qu v mt i tng bn c chn. I.13. MapBasic 13.1. Clear Contents (xo ni dung) S dng lnh ny xo ni dung ca sa s bin tp MapBasic hot ng m khng cho php n vo Cliboasd. 13.2. Save Contents (ghi ni dung) S dng lnh ny ghi ni dung ca ca s bin tp MapBasic hot ng ti a. II. Cc nt trn thanh cng c. II.1.Main buttomPad (nt trn thanh cng c chnh).

41

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

1.1. Assign Selected Objects (n nh i tng c chn) xem mc I.12.2 (hnh ngon ngoo khng nn). 1.2. Boundary Select (chn ng bao) Cho php bn vo cng c chn ng bao. Cng c chn ng bao tm v chon tt c cc i tng pha trong ca vng (vng c mi tn). Change View (thay i quan st) xem 9.1 (knh c du hi) 1.4. Grabber (thay i v tr xem)Cho php b thay i li v tr ca bn hoc layout trong ca s ca n (bn tay). 1.5. Info S dng chn v tr trn bn ca bn bao gm mt s i tng ln nhau v hin th mt lit k ca tt c cc i tng ti v tr (ch I) 1.6. Label S dng t nhn i tng cng thng tin t lin kt i tng c s d liu (c nhn). 1.7. Layout Cotrol (Iu khin lp thng tin) xem I.9.6 (xp lp) 1.8. Show/Hide Legend Window (Hin / n ca s ch gii) xem I.6.7 (c cc dng ch) 1.9. Marquee Select Ch i tng trong mt vng ch nht (hnh ch nht c mi tn) 1.10. Radius Select Chn i tng trong mt vng trn (hnh trn c mi tn) 1.11 Ruler cho php bn o khong cch gia hai im (c thc) 1.12. Select S dng chn mt hoc nhiu i tng hoc bn ghi phn tch. Bn c th chn nhiu i tng bng cch gi phm Shift v bm vo i tng (mi tn) 1.13. Set Target District from map (t mc tiu t bn ) xem I.12.5 (hnh ngon ngho c nn). 1.14. Statistics (thng k) S dng hin th ca s thng k. ca s thng k kim tra tng v trung bnh ca tt c cc trng s cho i tng / bn ghi hin thi c chn (c du tng) 1.15. Zoom-in S dng thu nh mt vng kn ca bn hoc layout (knh c du +) 1.16. Zoom-out S dng phng to mt vng kn ca bn hoc layout (knh c du -) II.2. Drawing buttomPad 2.1. Add Node (thm nt) S dng thm nt n cc i tng nh vng, ng bao, ng cong (du + c m t nt). 2.2. Arc S dng v ng cong (c cung cong). 2.3. Ellipse s dng v hnh Ellipse (v hnh trn khi gi phm Shift) 2.4. Frame cho php bn to khn trong layout. Mi khung cn phi hin th mt bn , th, d liu, ch gii bn , ca s thng tin, ca s thng k, ca s thng bo.(hnh vung mu vng) 2.5. Line: S dng v ng thng nu bn gi phm Shift th c th v thng theo cc hng nguyn ln ca 45 . 2.6. Line Style (kiu ng) xem 1.6.4. 2.7. Polygon: S dng cc ng bao kn. 2.8. Polyline: S dng v nhiu on thng lin tip. 2.9.Rectangle: S dng v hnh ch nht nu gi phm Shift th v hnh vung. 2.10.Region Style (kiu vng) xem i.6.5 2.11. Reshape (thay i li hnh dng) S dng bin tp vng , ng bao ,ng im bng di chuyn , thm, xo nhng nt ti nh ngha on ng
42

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

2.12. Rounded Rectangle: S dng v hnh ch nht nhn, nu gi phm Shift th v hnh vung nhn. 2.13. Symbol: S dng to im v ghi k hi cho im . 2.14. Symbol Style (kiu k hiu) Xem I.6.6. 2.15. Text: S dng ghi ch cho bn v layout. 2.16. Text Style (kiu vn bn) Xem I.6.11. II.3. Tools ButtomPad. 3.1. Run Map Basic Program (chy chng trnh Map Basic) Xem I.1.10. 3.2. Show/Hide MapBasic Window (hin/ n ca s MapBasic) Xem I.6.8. III. Thuc tnh ca cc i tng bn trong Mapinfo. III.1. Line (ng) ng c xc nh bi: + Kiu ng + To im u, im cui, t xc nh c di + Mu + rng (nt) Trong Mapinfo v mt ng t v tr ny n mt v tr khc gi s c hai v tr ny c to xc nh, bn c th v mt on bt k sau s dng nt chn (c hnh mi tn) bm i trn on Mapinfo xut hin hp hi thoi Line Object bn thay i li v tr im u v im cui ca on ng , ngoi ra bn c th thay i cc thuc tnh khc bng cch bm vo nt Style trn hp hi thoi Line Object hoc vo Option > Line Style. III.2. Point (im) : im c xc nh bi: + To im. + K hiu im (Symbol) gm : kiu k hiu, mu, ln. Trong Mapinfo v mt dim v tr xc nh gi s v tr ny c to xc nh , bn c th ghi im v tr bt k sau s dng nt chn (c hnh mi tn) bm i trn im Mapinfo xut hin hp hi thoi Poin Object bn thay i li v tr im , ngoi ra bn c thay i cc thuc tnh k hiu bng cch bm vo nt Style trn hp hi thoi Poin Object hocvo Options>Symbol Style. III.3. Region (vng) : vng c xc nh bi: + To ca hnh ch nht nh nht m c th bao c vng (nu vng l hnh ch nht th to ny l to xc nh vng). + To tm l to tm hnh ch nht trn . + Din tch ca vng. + Chu vi ca vng. + S on to nn vng. + Nn v mu nn ca vng. + ng bao ca vng (kiu ng, mu, rng). thay i cc thuc tnh ca vng bn s dng nt chn v bm i trn vng Mapinfo xut hin hp hi thoi Region Style bn c th thay i cc thuc tnh: To vng bao, to tm. Bn thay i vng bao thay i nn, ng bao hoc vo Options>Region Style. III.4. Polyline: Xc nh bi cc ng thng to nn vng Polyline. + To ca hnh ch nht nh nht m c th bao c vng (nu vng l hnh ch nht th to ny l to xc nh vng) + To tm l to ca tm hnh ch nht trn + di ca ton b cc cnh to nn. + S lng cnh to nn.
43

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

thay i cc thuc tnh ca Polyline s dng nt chn v bm i trn mt i tng ng bt k ca Polyline Mapinfo xut hin hp hi thoi Polyline Style bn c th thay i cc thuc tnh : To vng bao, to tm, bm vo nt Style thay i ng bao hoc vo Options>Line Style. III.5. Text (vn bn): Cc thuc tnh ca vn bn gm: + V tr, kch thc, mu, phng ch, kiu ch, gc quay, cch t v tr ch . thay i cc thuc tnh ca vn bn s dng nt chn v bm i trn mt i tng ca vn bn Mapinfo xut hin hp hi thoi Text Style bn c th thay i cc thuc tnh : c th bin tt li vn bn, to ca vn bn, hiu chnh v tr vn bn nu cn. Bm vo nt Style thay i Font ch , kch thc ch v kiu ch (m, ghch chn, nghing) hoc vo Options> Text Style. IV. H thng to ca Mapinfo . IV.1. Accessing The Choose Projection Dialog (vo hp hi thoi chn li chiu) Cc bc chn nh sau: + Chn Menu Map > Options khi hp hi thoi Options hin th. + Bm trn phm Projection khi hp hi thoi chn li chiu xut hin v cho php bn chn mt li chiu m bn mun. Ch : Nu d liu nh ang ang c hin th trong ca s bn th bn khng th thay i c li chiu IV.2. Exporting A Map In A Different Projection (Xut bn trong li chiu khc) cc bc nh sau: + Chn File > Save Copy As + Chn bng cha bn bn mun chp (nu c hn mt bng ang m) + Kiu tn cho bn chp ca bn + Chn Save + Chn Map Options khi hp hi thoi Options hin th . + Bm trn phm Projection khi hp hi thoi chn li chiu xut hin. + Chn mt li chiu mi cho bn chp ca bn. + Bm OK khi ghi. + Chn Table > Export. Sau theo s hng dn xut ra file kiu MIF hoc DXF. IV.3. Saving A Copy Of Your Table In A Different Projection (ghi bn chp ca bn vi li chic khc) cc bc nh sau: + chn file > Save Copy As v ghi bn chep ca bng nh hp hi thoi c hin th. Khi bn c hn mt bng m, chn mt bng t hp hi thoi ghi bng v ghi bn chp ca bn nh hp hi thoi c hin th. + Kiu tn ca bng mi trong hp tn file ca hp hi thoi. + Ch ra th mc m file mi s c ghi. + Bm phm Projection v chn li chiu trong hp hi thoi chn li chiu. + Ch li chiu bn mun s dng. + Bm OK + Mapinfo to ra bng mi nhng n khng m c. Khi bn mun lm vic vi bng mi bn cn phi ln u tin m n s dng file > Open Table. IV.4. Setting The Projection Of The Map (t li chiu ca bn ) phm Projectiontrong hp hi thoi ci t bn s ho cho php bn vo hp hi thoi chn li chiu bn ch ra li chiu ca bn m bn s s ho.
44

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

IV.5. Specifying A New Table,s Attributes (ch r thuc tnh ca mt bng mi) ch ra bng mi c hin th. + Chn file > New Table v hp hi thoi bng mi hin th. + Kim tra m bng d liu hoc m bn mi bn cng cn chn thm n bn hin thi khi c mt ca s bn ang tn ti. + Bm trn phm Create v hp hi thoi cu trc bng hin th. Khi bn mun to bng cha bn v bt u v m khng ch ra trng d liu, bn cn n gin l nhp mt trng d liu vo trong cu trc ca bng mi khi bn to bng ca bn, sau s dng Table> Maintenance > Table Structure thm trng d liu bn mun. + Ch ra la chn cu trc bng. + Ch ra li chiu. Bm phm Projection v chn li chiu hp hi thoi chn li chiu. + Chn loi li chiu t lit k loi li chiu. + Chn li chiu ca lai li chiu va c chn. + Bm OK. + Ch ra to cho bn phng. + Bm phm Projection v chn li chiu hp hi thoi chn li chiu. + Chn loi li chiu Non-earth tlit k lai li chiu v chn n v cho loi lit k ch ra gii hn to phng c hin th. N cho php ch ra gii hn v n v cho h thng to phng ca bn. + Ch ra tn cho bng Bm trn phm Create hin th hp hi thoi to bng mi. + Ch ra tn v ng dn cho bng mi. V. Vo d liu cho bng. V.1. Importing DXF file (vo file DXF). 1.1. Choosing A Coordinate System For DXF Drawings (cho h thng to cho file DXF). Bn cn chn mt h thng to (mt dt hoc to phng) cho file DXF ca bn. khi bn khng chn h thng to th khi vo d liu file th Mapinfo t ng to phng cng n v feet. Gii hn ca bn l phm vi ca file DXF. + Chn h thng to . Chn Table > Import Chn File DXF cn a vo Bn phm Import v hp hi thoi vo d liu cho bng hin th t tn cho bng bm phm Save v hp hi thoi thng tin vo t file DXF c hin th.

+ Colors (mu) bnc th mu ca k hiu c nh hoc l mu c th thay khi t k hiu. + Cancel Symbol (b qua vic to k hiu). + Exit Symbol (thot khi chng trnh ng dng to v bin tp k hiu).
45

Trung tm Cng ngh Tin hc - Trng i hc M - a cht - H Ni

+ About Symbol (thng tin v chng trnh Symbol). VI. Xut d liu t bng (Exporting table). VI.1. Autocad DXF Export (Xut file DXF). Sau khi bn chn c mt bng xut ra v ch ra kiu d liu hp hi thoi thng tin DXF c hin th : n khng cn phi t chuyn to khi xut ra. Tuy th bn cn t chuyn i to theo: Khi bn lm vic cng bn trong h thng to khng c tr gip theo Mapinfo. Khi bn ang lm vic cng bn trong h thng ca to phi a l. VI.2. Exporting A Map In A Defferent Projection (xut bn trong h thng li chiu khc). Bn mun xut ra mt bn trong h thng li chiu s thay i theo th t lm vic nh trong thay i li chiu cho mt bng trong mc III. VI.3 Exporting A Single Table (xut ra khi mt bng m). + Chn Table > Export v hp hi thoi xut bng ti file xut hin. + Chn th mc cha file c a ra. + Tn file c xut ra. + chn kiu file a ra. + Bm OK. VI.4. Exporting More Than One Table (xut ra khi c hn mt bng m) Nu c hn mt bng ang m th bn phi chn mt bng no cn a ra. Sau bn lm

46