TT LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NGY MI 18A/88 INH VN T - TP.

HI DNG
HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH
09798.17.8.85 09367.17.8.85 - netthubuon Website: www.hoahoc.org - admin@hoahoc.org
S GIO DC V O TO H NAM
TRNG THPT CHUYN H NAM

GII THIU
Ngi son: Phm Th Thanh Tm
K THI CHN HC SINH GII
THPT CHUYN DUYN HI BC B NM 2009
MN: HO HC LP 10
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht

Cu 1. (2,5 im)
Thc nghim cho bit nng lng ion ha th nht (I
1
) v nng lng ion ha th hai (I
2
) ca 3 nguyn t sau
(tnh ra kJ/mol):
Li Be B
I
1
520 899 801
I
2
7300 1757 2430
Hy gii thch v sao:
a) I
1
ca Be ln hn I
1
ca B v Li?
b) I
2
ca B nh hn I
2
ca Li nhng li ln hn I
2
ca Be?
c) I
2
ca Be nh hn I
2
ca Li?

Cu 2. (2,5 im)
1. Cho hai axit HNO
3
v H
3
PO
4
:
a) Vit cng thc Lewis ca mi axit.
b) So snh (c gii thch) tnh axit ca mi cht.
c) V sao H
3
PO
4
bn cn H
3
NO
4
khng bn?
2. Hy gii thch ti sao c phn t BF
3
, BCl
3
, BBr
3
nhng khng c phn t BH
3
?

Cu 3 (2,5 im)
Trong h c cn bng: 3H
2
+ N
2
2NH
3
(1) c thit lp 400K. Ngi ta xc nh c cc p sut
ring phn sau y:
Pa P Pa P Pa P
NH N H
5 5 5
10 . 499 , 0 10 . 125 , 0 , 10 . 376 , 0
3 2 2
= = =
a) Tnh hng s cn bng K
P
v AG
0
ca phn ng (1) 400K.
b) Tnh lng N
2
v NH
3
bit h c 500 mol H
2
.
c) Thm 10 mol H
2
vo h ng thi gi cho nhit v p sut tng cng khng i. Bng cch tnh, hy cho
bit cn bng (1) chuyn dch theo chiu no?
Cho: p sut tiu chun P
0
= 1,013.10
5
Pa, R = 8,314 J/mol.K

Cu 4. (2,5 im)
1. Cho H
2
S li qua dung dch cha Cd
2+
0,01M v Zn
2+
0,01M n bo ha (
2
0,1
H S
C M = ).
a) Xc nh gii hn pH phi thit lp trong dung dch sao cho xut hin kt ta CdS m khng xut hin kt ta ZnS.
b) Thit lp khu vc pH ti ch cn 0,1% Cd
2+
trong dung dch m Zn
2+
vn khng b kt ta
Bit: H
2
S c K
a1
= 10
-7,02
, K
a2
= 10
-12,9
, K
s, ZnS
= 10
-21,6
, K
s, CdS
= 10
-26

2. Tnh pH v cn bng trong h gm HCl 0,01M v H
2
S 0,1M.

Cu 5. (2,5 im)
loi tr cc ion NO
3
-
trong nc c th kh n thnh NO
2
-
bng cch cho i qua li c cha bt cadimi
(Cd).
a) Vit na phn ng ca hai cp NO
3
-
/HNO
2
v HNO
2
/NO trong mi trng axit. Chng minh rng HNO
2
b phn
hy trong mi trng pH bng 0 n 6.
b) pH = 7, nng NO
3
-
l 10
-2
M. Vit phn ng gia Cd v NO
3
-
. Hi NO
3
-
c b kh hon ton 25
0
C trong iu
kin ny khng? Tnh nng NO
3
-
cn li trong nc khi cn bng?
TI LIU LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NM 2011
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c) Tnh th kh chun ca cc cp NO
3
-
/NO
2
-
pH = 14 v 25
0
C.
Cho bit: V E V E V E
Cd Cd
NO HNO
HNO NO
4 , 0 , 98 , 0 , 94 , 0
0
/
0
/
0
/
2
2
2 3
= = =
+


2 2
4 14
, , ( )
5.10 , 1, 2.10
a HNO s Cd OH
K K

= =

Cu 6. (2,5 im)
1. Hy cho bit quy lut bin i (c gii thch):
a) Nhit nng chy v nhit si ca cc halogen t F
2
n I
2
.
b) bn nhit ca cc phn t halogen t F
2
n I
2
.
c) Nhit nng chy, nhit si ca cc hidro halogenua t HF n HI.
2. Trong thin nhin, brom tn ti ch yu trong nc bin dng NaBr. Cng nghip ha hc iu ch brom theo
quy trnh sau: Cho mt lng dung dch H
2
SO
4
vo mt lng nc bin, tip tc sc kh Cl
2
vo dung dch mi thu
c, sau dng khng kh li cun hi brom vo dung dch Na
2
CO
3
ti bo ha brom. Cui cng cho H
2
SO
4
vo
dung dch bo ha brom, thu hi brom ri ha lng.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ch yu xy ra trong qu trnh trn v cho bit vai tr ca H
2
SO
4
?

Cu 7. (2,5 im)
Cho m gam mui halogenua kim loi kim phn ng vi 50 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng, d. Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c kh A c mi c bit v hn hp sn phm B. Trung ha B bng 200ml dung dch
NaOH 2M ri lm bay hi cn thn sn phm thu c 199,6g hn hp D (khi lng kh). Nung D n khi lng
khng i, thu c hn hp mui E kh c khi lng 98g. Nu cho dung dch BaCl
2
d vo B th thu c kt ta F
c khi lng gp 1,4265 ln khi lng mui E. Dn kh A qua dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
d thu c 23,9 gam kt ta.
1) Tnh nng % dung dch H
2
SO
4
(d = 1,715 g/ml)
2) Tnh m.
3) Xc nh tn kim loi v halogen trn?

Cu 8. (2,5 im)
Chia 15g mui sunfua ca kim loi R thuc nhm A lm 2 phn: Phn 1 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d to
kh A. Phn 2 t chy ht trong oxi va thu c kh B. Trn hai kh A v B vi nhau th c 5,76 gam cht rn
mu vng v mt kh d thot ra. Dng mt lng NaOH (trong dung dch) ti thiu hp th va ht lng kh d
ny th thu c 6,72 gam mui.
Xc nh R. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton.

..Ht
TT LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NGY MI 18A/88 INH VN T - TP. HI DNG
HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH
09798.17.8.85 09367.17.8.85 - netthubuon Website: www.hoahoc.org - admin@hoahoc.org
S GIO DC V O TO H NAM
TRNG THPT CHUYN H NAM


K THI CHN HC SINH GII
THPT CHUYN DUYN HI BC B NM 2009
MN: HO HC LP 10
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht

HNG DN CHM, THANG IM

STT p n
Thang
im
Cu 1
(2,5 im)
Li: 1s
2
2s
1
Be: 1s
2
2s
2
B: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
1


a.
I
1(Be)
>I
1(Li)
v I
1(Be)
> I
1(B)
v phn lp 2s
2
ca Be bo ha nn bn vng, tch electron
ra khi phn lp 2s
2
ca Be tiu tn nhiu nng lng hn.
- Cc phn lp 2s
1
ca Li v 2p
1
ca B xy dng d dang nn km bn.
0,5
- Mt khc trong nguyn t Li hiu ng chn ca 2e phn lp 1s
2
i vi electron ca
phn lp 2s
1
rt mnh nn Z
*
i vi electron ca 2s
1
ca Li nh, do I
1
ca Li nh. Trong
nguyn t B hiu ng chn ca cc electron cc phn lp 1s
2
, 2s
2
i vi electron phn
lp 2p
1
cng rt mnh nn I
1
ca B nh hn I
1
ca Be.
0,5
b.
B
+
:

1s
2
2s
2
, Li
+
: 1s
2
, Be
2+
1s
2
2s
1

- I
2
(B) < I
2
(Li) v: electron b tch trong B
+
(1s
2
2s
2
) thuc phn lp 2s chu lc ht ca ht
nhn yu hn electron b tch trong Li
+
(1s
2
) thuc phn lp 1s (c hai phn lp ny u bo
ha).

0,5

- I
2
(B) > I
2
(Be) do phn lp 2s
1
ca Be
+
cha bo ha cn phn lp 2s
2
ca B
+
bo ha.
- 2e trong cng phn lp 2s
2
ca B
+
chn nhau yu cn electron 2s
1
ca Be
+
b 2e 1s
2
chn
mnh.


0,5
c.
I
2
(Be) < I
2
(Li) v I
2
ca Be ng vi s tch electron ra khi 2s
1
cha bo ha km bn, I
2

ca Li ng vi s tch electron ra khi phn lp 1s
2
bo ha, bn vng.

0,5
Cu 2
(2,5 im)

1a.


HNO
3
: H O N






H
3
PO
4
:




0,25




0,25
b
HNO
3
mnh hn H
3
PO
4
v:
- N c m in mnh hn P
- S nguyn t oxi ch lin kt vi N nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi ch lin kt vi P.
- Hai yu t ny lm tng phn cc ca lin kt O H trong HNO
3
, H d tch ra di
dng H
+
.
- Mt khc ion NO
3
-
to ra bn hn H
2
PO
4
-
do c s cng hng.


0,75
c. V N khng c phn lp d nn khng th to c 5e c thn nn khng th tn ti H
3
NO
4
. 0,25
2.
- S c mt ca lin kt t trong cc phn t BF
3
, BCl
3
, BBr
3
lm cho lp v ha tr ca
nguyn t B ln cc nguyn t halogen u 8e, do cc nguyn t u bn vng.
0,5
O
H O N

O

H O P O H
O
O H
O
O
TI LIU LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NM 2011
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- phn t BH
3
lin kt t khng c c, quanh nguyn t B ch c 6e lp v ngoi
cng. Phn t BH
3
l khng bn vng chng c khuynh hng ime ha c cu trc bn
vng.
0,5
Cu 3
(2,5 im)

a.
3
2 2
2
5 2
9 2
3 5 3 5
9 5 2
0
0
(0, 499.10 )
3, 747.10
. (0, 376.10 ) .(0,125.10 )
. 3, 747.10 .(1, 013.10 ) 38, 45
ln 8, 314.400.ln38, 45 12136 /
NH
P
H N
n
P
P
K Pa
P P
K K P
G RT K J mol

A
= = =
= = =
A = = =


0,25
0,25
0,25

b.

2 2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
3 3
2
5
.
500
. .0,125 166
0, 376
500
. .0, 499 664
0, 376
1330 , 1.10
H H
hh
H hh
hh hh H
H
N N
H
H
NH NH
H
hh hh
n n
n
P P
n P P
n
n P mol
P
n
n P mol
P
n mol P Pa
= =
= = =
= = =
= =




0,5

0,5

c.
Sau khi thm 10 mol H
2
vo h n
hh
= 1340 mol
2 2
3
5 5 5 5
5 5
0 0
0
5 2
5 2
5 3 5
510 166
.10 0, 38.10 , .10 0,124.10
1340 1340
664
.10 0, 496.10
1340
ln , ln 12136 /
(0, 496.10 )
12136 8, 314.400ln .(1, 013.10 )
(0, 38.10 ) .0,124.10
1
H N
NH
n
P Pa P Pa
P Pa
Q
G G RT G RT K J mol
P
G
G
A
= = = =
= =
A = A + A = =

A = +


A = 18, 28 / J mol

Cn bng (1) chuyn dch sang phi.









0,75
Cu 4
(2,5 im)

1a.
[Zn
2+
] = [Cd
2+
] m K
s, CdS
< K
s, ZnS
, do kt ta CdS xut hin trc.
- c CdS th:
2
26
24
2 (1)
10
10
10
S
C

> =
- khng c ZnS th:
2
21,6
19,6
(2)
10
10
0, 01
S
C

< =
- Gii hn pH cn phi thit lp sao cho:
2
24 19,6 24 19,6 1 2 2
+ 2
0,66 1,54
. .[H ]
10 10 10 10
[H ]
10 10 1, 54 0, 66

< < < <

< < < <
a a
S
K K S
C
h pH

0,75
TT LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NGY MI 18A/88 INH VN T - TP. HI DNG
HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH
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1b.
Khi [Cd
2+
] = 0,01.0,1.10
-2-
= 1.10
-5
M
- iu kin kt ta 99,9% Cd
2+
l:
2
26
21
5
10
10
10
S
C

> =
- Khu vc pH ti ch cn 0,1% Cd
2+
trong dung dch m Zn
2+
vn cha kt ta l:
2
21 19,6 0,66 0,04
10 10 10 10 0, 04 0, 66

< < < < < <
S
C h pH
0,75
2
- Mi trng axit nn s phn li ca nc khng ng k.
HCl H
+
+ Cl
-

0,01 0,01
H
2
S H
+
+ HS
-
K
a1
= 10
-7,02
(1)
HS
-
H
+
+ S
2-
K
a2
= 10
-12,9
(2)
- Do K
a1
>> K
a2
nn cn bng (1) l ch yu.
H
2
S H
+
+ HS
-
K
a1
= 10
-7,02

C 0,1 0,01
[] 0,1-x 0,01+x x
.(0, 01 )
0,1
x x
x
+

= 10
-7,02

- Gi thit x<< 0,01 x = 9,55.10
-7
<< 0,01 (tha mn)
Vy [HS
-
] = x = 9,55.10
-7
M, [H
2
S] = 0,1+x ~ 0,1M
[H
+
] = 0,01+x ~ 0,01M, pH = 2
-12,9 7
2- 17
10 .9, 55.10
[S ]= 1, 2.10
0, 01
M

=














0,75
0,25
Cu 5
(2,5 im)

1.
NO
3
-
+ 3H
+
+ 2e HNO
2
+ H
2
O E
0
= 0,94V
HNO
2
+ H
+
+ e NO + H
2
O E
0
= 0,98V
+) pH = 0
2
3 2
0 0
/
/
HNO NO
NO HNO
E E

> nn HNO
2
b phn hy:
3HNO
2
NO
3
-
+ 2NO + H
+
+ H
2
O
+) pH = 6:
3 2
2
2
3 2
6 3
/
6
/
/
/
0, 059
0, 94 lg[10 ] 0, 409
2
0, 98 0, 059.lg10 0, 626
NO HNO
HNO NO
HNO NO
NO HNO
E V
E V
E E

= + =
= + =
>

Nn HNO
2
vn khng bn.
0,25



0,25






0,5
2.
Cd + NO
3
-
+ H
2
O Cd
2+
+ NO
2
-
+ 2OH
-

- Gi thit phn ng hon ton: [Cd
2+
] = [NO
3
-
]
b
= 10
-2
M
pH = 7, [Cd
2+
] =
14
- 2 14
1, 2.10
1, 2
[OH ] 10
s
K
M

= =
nng Cd
2+
sau phn ng nh hn rt nhiu so vi 1,2M nn khng xut hin kt ta
Cd(OH)
2
.




0,5

- tnh [NO
3
-
] phi tnh K phn ng:
Cd Cd
2+
+ 2e K
1
=
059 , 0 / 2
0
10
E
HNO
2
H
+
+ NO
2
-
K
a
= 5.10
-4

NO
3
-
+ 3H
+
+ 2e HNO
2
+ H
2
O K
2
=
059 , 0 / 2
0
10
E

2H
2
O 2H
+
+ 2OH
-
K
w
= 10
-14






TI LIU LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NM 2011
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Cd + H
2
O + NO
3
-
Cd
2+
+ NO
2
-
+ 2OH
-
K
K = K
1
.K
a
.K
2
.K
w
2

= 10
13,56
.5.10
-4
.10
31,86
.(10
-14
)
2
= 5.10
13,424
K = 1,315.10
14
. V K rt ln nn c th coi phn ng xy ra gn nh hon ton. pH =
7 ta c:
Cd + H
2
O + NO
3
-
Cd
2+
+ NO
2
-
+ 2OH
-
K = 1,318.10
14

C
0
10
-2

[] (10
-2
-x) 10
-2
10
-2
10
-7

t a = 10
-2
x, ta c:
K =
2 2 7 2
14
10 .10 .(10 )
1, 315.10
a

=
a = [NO
3
-
] = 7,6.10
-33
M










0,5
c.
2H
2
O 2H
+
+ 2OH
-
K
w
= 10
-14
HNO
2
H
+
+ NO
2
-
K
a
= 5.10
-4

NO
3
-
+ 3H
+
+ 2e HNO
2
+ H
2
O K
2
=
059 , 0 / 2
0
10
E

NO
3
-
+ H
2
O +2e NO
2
-
+ 2OH
-
K
- pH =14 v 25
0
C, E
0
(NO
3
-
/HNO
2
) = 0,94 + 0,059/2.lg1
2

= 0,94V
K
2
= 10
31,86

K = (K
w
)
2
. K
a
.K
2
= 10
-28
.5.10
-4
.10
31,86
= 10
0,56

E
0
(NO
3
-
/NO
2
-
) = (0,56.0,059)/2 = 0,017V








0,5
Cu 6
(2,5 im)

1a.
- Nhit si, nhit nng chy tng dn t flo n iot:
- Mi phn t X
2
gm hai nguyn t, cc phn t X
2
lin kt vi nhau bng lc Van de Van.
Lc ny tng ln theo chiu tng ca khi lng v kh nng b cc ha ca cc phn t
halogen nn t F
2
n I
2
t
s
0
, t
nc
0
tng dn.
0,25


0,5

b.
bn nhit ca cc phn t halogen tng t F
2
n Cl
2
sau gim dn t Cl
2
n I
2
.
- Thc o bn nhit l nng lng lin kt. Nguyn t F khng c AO d nn lin kt
gia 2 nguyn t F ch l lin kt o. Trong phn t Cl
2
, Br
2
, I
2
ngoi lin kt o cn mt phn
lin kt t to nn bi s che ph ca AO d trng ca nguyn t halogen ny vi AO p
c cp e ca nguyn t halogen kia. Do nng lng lin kt ca F
2
b hn nng lng
lin kt ca Cl
2
.
- T Cl
2
n I
2
nng lng lin kt gim dn v di lin kt tng.
- Do , bn nhit tng t F
2
n Cl
2
sau gim dn t Cl
2
n I
2
.
0,25








0,5
c.
- T HCl n HI, nhit si, nhit nng chy tng dn theo chiu tng ca khi lng
phn t. Ring HF c nhit si v nhit nng chy cao mt cch bt thng. l do
c hin tng trng hp phn t nh lin kt hidro. Nng lng ca lin kt hidro trong
trng hp ny l rt ln.
nHF (HF)
n
(n=26)




0,5

2.

Cl
2
+ 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br
2

3Br
2
+ 3Na
2
CO
3
5NaBr + NaBrO
3
+ 3CO
2

5NaBr + NaBrO
3
+ 3H
2
SO
4
3Na
2
SO
4
+ 3Br
2
+ 3H
2
O
- Vai tr ca H
2
SO
4
l mi trng.



0,5
Cu7
TT LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NGY MI 18A/88 INH VN T - TP. HI DNG
HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH
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(2,5 im)
1.
Gi cng thc mui l MX
- A l sn phm phn ng gia MX v H
2
SO
4
c, A c mi c bit v to kt ta en vi
dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
A l H
2
S.
n
PbS
= 23,9/239 = 0,1 mol
H
2
S + Pb(NO
3
)
2
PbS + 2HNO
3
(1)
mol 0,1 0,1
- Phn ng gia MX v H
2
SO
4
c nng to ra H
2
S y l phn ng oxi ha kh:
2MX + H
2
SO
4
() M
2
SO
4
+ H
2
S + X

+ H
2
O (2)
- Phn ng trung ha H
2
SO
4
d:
2NaOH + H
2
SO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O (3)
- Cho dung dch BaCl
2
vo kt ta:
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-
BaSO
4
(4)
(3)
2 4
2
2 4 2 4 4
4
2 4
aSO
1 0, 2.2
0, 2
2 2
98.1, 4265
0, 6
233
0, 6 0, 2 0, 4
Na SO NaOH
Na SO M SO B
SO
M SO
n n mol
n n n n mol
n mol

= = =
+ = = = =
= =

Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t:
2 4 4 2
( d) aSO 2 4
0,7.98.100%
0,6 0,1 0,7 % 80%
50.1,715
= + = + = = =
H SO b B H S
n n n mol C H SO






















1,25
2.
2 4 2 4 2
2 2 4 2
(2)
(2) (2)
0, 4 0,1 0, 5
0, 4
H SO M SO H S
H O H SO H S
n n n mol
n n n mol
= + = + =
= =

Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng m
D
gim khi un nng l khi lng X

.
Ta c:
'
2 4 2 4
2 4
199, 6 98 101, 6( )
98( )
98 0, 2.142 69, 6
0, 5.98 101, 6 0,1.34 0, 4.18 69, 6
132, 8
X
Na SO M SO
M SO
m g
m m g
m gam
m
m gam
= =
+ =
= =
+ = + + +
=



0,75


3.
2 4
69, 6
M SO
m gam =
2M =
69, 6
96 78
0, 4
=
M = 39, vy M l K
- Mt khc ta c: M
MX
= 132,8/0,8 = 166
M + X = 166 X = 166 39 = 127 X l Iot

0,5
Cu 8
(2,5 im)

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t cng thc mui R
2
S
a
(a l ha tr ca R)
Xt phn 1: R
2
S
a
+ 2aHCl 2RCl
a
+ aH
2
S (1)
Xt phn 2: R
2
S
a
+ 3a/2O
2
R
2
O
a
+ aSO
2
(2)
- Kh A l H
2
S, kh B l SO
2
. Phn ng ca A v B:
SO
2
+ 2H
2
S 3S + 2H
2
O (3)
mol 0,06 0,12 0,18
Gi thit: n
S
=5,76/32= 0,18 mol. Kh d c th l H
2
S hoc SO
2
.
- TH1: Nu kh d l H
2
S
H
2
S + NaOH NaHS + H
2
O
mol 0,12 0,12
Vy s mol H
2
S (1) = 0,12 + 0,12 = 0,24mol
s mol SO
2
(2) = 0,06mol n
S
(trong R
2
S
a
) =
2 2
SO S H
n n +
= 0,3 mol
s mol R
2
S
a
= 0,3/a 2R + 32a = 15 : (0,3/a) = 50a
R = 9a=> Chn a = 3 R = 27. Vy R l Al






0,5






1,0

- TH2: Nu kh d l SO
2

SO
2
+ NaOH NaHSO
3

0,065 0,065
Vy s mol H
2
S (1) = 0,12mol
s mol SO
2
(2) = 0,06 + 0,065 = 0,125mol
n
S
(trong R
2
S
a
) = n (H
2
S) + n (SO
2
) = 0,245 mol
s mol R
2
S
a
= 0,245/a
2R + 32a = 15 : (0,245/a) = 61,22a
R = 14,6a
Trng hp ny khng c nghim.






1,0