Tri phiu

Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia Tri phiu l mt chng nhn ngha v n ca ngi pht hnh phi tr cho ngi s hu tri phiu i vi mt khon tin c th (mnh gi ca tri phiu), trong mt thi gian xc nh v vi mt li tc quy nh. Ngi pht hnh c th l doanh nghip (tri phiu trong trng hp ny c gi l tri phiu doanh nghip), mt t chc chnh quyn nh Kho bc nh nc (trong trng hp ny gi l tri phiu kho bc), chnh quyn (trong trng hp ny gi l cng tri hoc tri phiu chnh ph). Ngi mua tri phiu, hay tri ch, c th l c nhn hoc doanh nghip hoc chnh ph. Tn ca tri ch c th c ghi trn tri phiu (trng hp ny gi l tri phiu ghi danh) hoc khng c ghi (tri phiu v danh) Tri ch l ngi cho nh pht hnh vay v h khng chu bt c trch nhim no v kt qu s dng vn vay ca ngi vay. Nh pht hnh c ngha v phi thanh ton theo cc cam kt n c xc nh trong hp ng vay.

Mc lc
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1 c im c bn 2 c trng 3 Phn loi Tri phiu 4 Tham kho 5 Lin kt ngoi

[sa] c im c bn

Ch th pht hnh tri phiu khng ch c Cng ty, m cn c Chnh ph Trung ng v Chnh ph a phng. Ngi mua tri phiu ch l ngi cho ch th pht hnh vay tin v l ch n ca ch th pht hnh tri phiu. Khc vi ngi mua c phiu l ngi Ch s hu Cng ty. Thu nhp ca tri phiu l tin li, l khon thu c nh khng ph thuc vo kt qu sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty. Tri phiu l chng khon n, v vy khi Cng ty b gii th hoc ph sn th trc ht Cng ty phi c ngha v thanh ton cho cc Ch tri phiu trc, sau mi chia cho cc C ng. Vi nhng c im trn, tri phiu c tnh n nh v cha ng t ri ro hn c phiu. V vy, tri phiu l loi chng khon c cc nh u t a chung.

[sa] c trng

Mnh gi tri phiu: hay cn gi l gi tr danh ngha ca tri phiu l gi tr ghi trn tri phiu. Gi tr ny c coi l s vn gc. Mnh gi tri phiu l cn c xc nh s li tc tin vay m ngi pht hnh phi tr. Mnh gi cng th hin s tin ngi pht hnh phi hon tr khi tri phiu n hn. Li sut danh ngha: Li sut tri phiu thng c ghi trn tri phiu hoc ngi pht hnh cng b c gi l li sut danh ngha. Li sut ny c xc nh theo t l phn trm so vi mnh gi tri phiu v cng l cn c xc nh li tc tri phiu. Thi hn ca tri phiu: l khong thi gian t ngy pht hnh n ngy ngi pht hnh hon tr vn ln cui. Tri phiu c thi hn khc nhau, tri phiu trung hn ca thi gian t 1 nm n 5 nm. Tri phiu di hn, c thi gian t 5 nm tr ln. K tr li: L khong thi gian ngi pht hnh tr li cho ngi nm gi tri phiu. Li sut tri phiu c xc nh theo nm, nhng vic thanh ton li sut tri phiu thng c mi nm hai hoc mt ln. Gi pht hnh: L gi bn ra ca tri phiu vo thi im pht hnh. Thng thng gi pht hnh c xc nh theo t l phn trm (%) ca mnh gi. Ty theo tnh hnh ca th trng v ca ngi pht hnh xc nh gi pht hnh mt cch thch hp. C th phn bit 3 trng hp: 1. Gi pht hnh bng mnh gi (ngang gi); 2. Gi pht hnh di mnh gi (gi chit khu); 3. Gi pht hnh trn mnh gi (gi gia tng). D tri phiu c bn vi gi no (ngang gi, gi chit khu hay gi gia tng), th li tc lun c xc nh theo mnh gi ca tri phiu v khi o hn, ngi c tri phiu s c thanh ton theo mnh gi ca tri phiu. [1]

[sa] Phn loi Tri phiu

1. Phn loi theo ngi pht hnh: o Tri phiu ca Chnh ph: p ng nhu cu chi tiu ca Chnh ph, chnh ph pht hnh tri phiu huy ng tin nhn ri trong dn v cc t chc kinh t, x hi. Chnh ph lun c coi l Nh pht hnh c uy tn nht trn th trng; V vy, Tri phiu Chnh ph c coi l loi chng khon c t ri ro nht. o Tri phiu ca doanh nghip: L nhng tri phiu do doanh nghip nh nc, cng ty c phn v cng ty trch nhim hu hn pht hnh tng vn hot ng. Tri phiu doanh nghip c nhiu loi v rt a dng. o Tri phiu ca ngn hng v cc t chc ti chnh: cc t chc ny c th pht hnh tri phiu tng thm vn hot ng. 2. Phn loi li tc tri phiu o Tri phiu c li sut c nh: L loi tri phiu m li tc c xc nh theo mt t l phn trm (%) c nh tnh theo mnh gi.

Tri phiu c li sut bin i (li sut th ni): L loi tri phiu m li tc c tr trong cc k c s khc nhau v c tnh theo mt li sut c s bin i theo mt li sut tham chiu. o Tri phiu c li sut bng khng: L loi tri phiu m ngi mua khng nhn c li, nhng c mua vi gi thp hn mnh gi (mua chit khu) v c hon tr bng mnh gi khi tri phiu o hn. 3. Phn loi theo mc m bo thanh ton ca ngi pht hnh o Tri phiu bo m: L loi tri phiu m ngi pht hnh dng mt ti sn c gi tr lm vt m bo cho vic pht hnh. Khi nh pht hnh mt kh nng thanh ton, th tri ch c quyn thu v bn ti sn thu hi li s tin ngi pht hnh cn n. Tri phiu bo m thng bao gm mt s loi ch yu sau: Tri phiu c ti sn cm c: L loi tri phiu bo m bng vic ngi pht hnh cm c mt bt ng sn bo m thanh ton cho tri ch. Thng gi tr ti sn cm c ln hn tng mnh gi ca cc tri phiu pht hnh m bo quyn li cho tri ch. Tri phiu bo m bng chng khon k qu: L loi tri phiu c bo m bng vic ngi pht hnh thng l em k qu s chng khon d chuyn nhng m mnh s hu lm ti sn bo m. o Tri phiu khng bo m: L loi tri phiu pht hnh khng c ti sn lm vt bo m m ch bo m bng uy tn ca ngi pht hnh. 4. Phn loi da vo hnh thc tri phiu o Tri phiu v danh: L loi tri phiu khng ghi tn ca ngi mua v trong s sch ca ngi pht hnh. Tri ch l ngi c hng quyn li. o Tri phiu ghi danh: L loi tri phiu c ghi tn ca ngi mua v trong s sch ca ngi pht hnh. 5. Phn loi da vo tnh cht tri phiu o Tri phiu c th chuyn i: L loi tri phiu ca cng ty c phn m tri ch c quyn chuyn sang c phiu ca cng ty . Vic ny c quy nh c th v thi gian v t l khi mua tri phiu. o Tri phiu c quyn mua c phiu: L loi tri phiu c km theo phiu cho php tri ch c quyn mua mt s lng nht nh c phiu ca cng ty. o Tri phiu c th mua li: L loi tri phiu cho php nh pht hnh c quyn mua li mt phn hay ton b trc khi tri phiu n hn thanh ton. [2]
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