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BC GIANG
CHNH THC
Cu 1: (4,0 im)
1. C bn cht rn mu trng ng trong bn l ring bit mt nhn l : KNO 3; K2CO3; KCl; hn hp KCl
v K2CO3. Hy trnh by phng php ha hc phn bit bn cht rn trn.
2. Cho hai hirocacbon A v B u mch h c cng thc ln lt l C nH2n v CmH2m (vi n v m 2,
nguyn). Khi ly 12,6 gam hn hp gm A v B vi t l mol n A : n B = 1 : 1 th tc dng c va vi 32
gam brom trong dung dch. Cn khi ly 16,8 gam hn hp gm A v B vi t l khi lng m A : m B = 1 : 1
th tc dng c va vi 0,6 gam H2 (Ni, to). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A v B, bit MA< MB.
Cu 2: (4,0 im)
1. Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cu to cc hp cht hu c mch h (cha cacbon, hiro,
oxi) c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 30. Trong s cc cht , nhng cht no tc dng c vi Na, vi
dung dch NaHCO3, vi dung dch NaOH. Vit cc phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng xy ra.
2. Chia 78,4 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3 thnh hai phn tht u nhau. Cho phn th nht tc dng ht
vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 77,7 gam mui khan. Phn th hai tc dng va ht vi 500 ml dung dch
Y gm hn hp HCl, H2SO4 long, thu c 83,95 gam mui khan.
a. Xc nh % khi lng ca mi cht trong X.
b. Tnh nng mol/lit ca dung dch Y.
Cu 3: (4,0 im)
1. Cho V lt CO2 (ktc) hp th hon ton vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp KOH 1M v Ba(OH) 2 1,5M thu
c 47,28 gam kt ta. Tm V?
2. t chy hon ton 3,18 gam hn hp X gm CxHyCOOH, CxHyCOOC2H5 v C2H5OH thu c 3,36 lt
kh CO2 (ktc) v 2,34 gam H2O. Mt khc, cho 3,18 gam hn hp X phn ng va vi 30 ml NaOH
1M thu c 1,38 gam C2H5OH. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca CxHyCOOH.
Cu 4: (4,0 im)
Cho V lt kh CO (ktc) i qua ng s cha 3,48 gam oxit kim loi nung nng n phn ng hon ton
thu c m gam kim loi v hn hp kh c t khi so vi H 2 bng 20. Dn ton b lng kh ny vo bnh
cha 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,08M, sau phn ng thu c 3,94 gam kt ta v dung dch A. Lc tch
kt ta ri cho dung dch nc vi trong d vo dung dch A ta thu c p gam kt ta. Cho ton b lng
kim loi thu c trn vo bnh cha dung dch HCl d, phn ng kt thc thu c 1,008 lt H 2 (ktc).
Vit cc phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra. Tnh V, m, p v xc nh cng thc ca oxit kim
loi trn.
Cu 5: (4,0 im)
1. T KMnO4, NH4HCO3, Fe, MnO2, NaHSO3, FeS v cc dung dch Ba(OH)2, dung dch HCl c, c th
iu ch c nhng kh g? Vit phng trnh ho hc iu ch cc kh .
2. Hn hp kh A gm ba hidrocacbon X, Y, Z. Hn hp kh B gm O 2 v O3. Trn A vi B theo t l th
tch VA : VB = 1,5 : 3,2 ri t chy hon ton th ch thu c kh CO 2 v hi nc c t l th tch
VCO2 : Vhi H2O = 1,3 :1, 2 . Cho 1,5 lt A i qua bnh 1 ng lng d AgNO3/NH3, bnh 2 ng dung dch Br2
d. Sau th nghim thy c 0,4 lt kh thot ra, bnh 1 xut hin 6,4286 gam bc axetilua ( AgC CAg ),
bnh 2 dung dch b nht mu. Bit t khi ca B so vi H2 l 19. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X, Y, Z
(Cc th tch kh o ktc).
----------------------------- Ht -------------------------------------Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm, hc sinh c s dng bng h thng tun hon
H v tn th sinh:..................................................................................S bo danh:.................................................
S GIO DC V O TO
HNG DN CHM THI CHN HC SINH GII CPTNH
BC GIANG
CHNH THC
Cu
Cu 1:
(4,0
im)
NM HC 2010 - 2011
MN THI : HO HC - LP 9 THCS
Ngy thi: 02/04/2011
Thang im 20/20 - S trang 05
Ni dung
im
1. Dng thuc th l dung dch HNO3 long, d cho tc dng vi tng mu th:
- Cht rn ha tan hon ton, c bt kh bay ra l K2CO3 hoc hn hp KCl v
K2CO3.
K2CO3 + 2HNO3 2KNO3 + H2O + CO2.
Ly dung dch thu c trong mi trng hp em th vi dung dch AgNO3 :
+ Nu to kt ta trng th cht rn ban u l hn hp KCl v K2CO3.
1,0
1,0
- Hai cht rn ch tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long, khng thot kh l KCl,
KNO3.
Th dung dch thu c vi dung dch AgNO3 :
+ Nu to kt ta trng th cht rn ban u l NaCl.
+ Nu khng to kt ta trng th cht rn ban u l NaNO3.
2. - Xt 12,6 gam hn hp vi nA = nB = x mol
PTHH:
CnH2n + Br2 CnH2nBr2
(1)
mol:
x
x
CmH2m + Br2 CmH2mBr2 (2)
mol:
x x
32
= 0, 2 mol x = 0,1
theo (1), (2): nBr2 = x + x =
160
14n.0,1 + 14m.0,1 = 12, 6
n + m = 9 (*)
16,8
= 8, 4 gam
- Xt 16,8 gam hn hp vi mA = mB =
2
8, 4 0, 6
8, 4 0, 6
=
mol ; nB =
=
mol
Ta c: nA =
14n
n
14m m
PTHH:
Ni , t o
CnH2n + H2
(3)
CnH2n+2
o
Ni , t
CmH2m + H2
CmH2m+2 (4)
0, 6
= 0,3 mol
Theo (3), (4): nH 2 = nA + nB =
2
0,75
0,75
0,5
0, 6 0, 6
+
= 0,3
n
m
2( n + m) = n.m
n.m = 18 (**)
T (*), (**) ta c: n(9-n) = 18 n2 -9n + 18=0
Cu 2:
(4,0
im)
n = 6 m = 9 6 = 3 (loi vM A <M B )
n = 3 m = 9 3 = 6 (tham n)
Vy CTPT ca A l C3H6 v ca B l C6H12.
1. t cng thc ca hp cht hu c l: CxHyOz (x, y, z N*, y 2x+2)
Ta c: 12x + y + 16Z = 30.2=60
16z<60 z<3,75
x = 3
(tham n)
- Xt z = 1: 12x+y=60-16=44
y = 8
CTPT l C3H8O c CTCT: CH3-CH2-CH2-OH; CH3-CH(OH)-CH3; CH3-CH2-OCH3
x = 2
(tham n)
- Xt z = 2: 12x + y = 60- 16.2= 28
y = 4
CTPT l C2H4O2 c CTCT mch h: CH3COOH; HCOOCH3; HOCH2-CH=O
- Xt z = 3: 12x + y = 60-16.3=12 v l (loi)
- Cc cht tc dng c vi Na l:
2CH3-CH2-CH2-OH + 2Na 2CH3-CH2-CH2-ONa + H2
2CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 + 2Na 2CH3-CH(ONa)-CH3 + H2
2CH3COOH + 2Na 2CH3COONa + H2
2HOCH2-CH=O + 2Na 2NaOCH2-CH=O + H2
- Cc cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l:
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
HCOOCH3 + NaOH HCOONa + CH3OH
- Cc cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaHCO3 l:
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
2. a. PTHH:
FeO + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2O
(1)
Fe2O3 + 6HCl
2FeCl3 + 3H2O
(2)
FeO + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2O
(3)
Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O (4)
Gi trong mi phn c: x mol FeO v y mol Fe2O3
72 x + 160 y =
78, 4
= 39, 2 (*)
2
0,5
0,5
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
Phn 1:
Theo (1): nFeCl2 = nFeO = x mol
Theo (2): nFeCl3 = 2nFe2O3 = 2 y mol
Ta c:
0,25
x = 0,1
T (*) v (**)
y = 0, 2
0,1.72
%mFeO =
.100% = 18,37% v%mFe2O3 = 81, 63%
39, 2
c. Phn 2:
Gi trong 500ml dd Y c: a mol HCl v b mol H2SO4
Theo (1), (2), (3) v (4): nH 2O = 0,5nHCl + nH 2 SO4 = 0,5a + b (mol )
Bo ton nguyn t oxi: nH 2O = nFeO + 3nFe2O3 = 0,1 + 3.0, 2 = 0, 7 mol
0,5a + b = 0,7 (I)
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:
mphn2 + mHCl + mH 2SO4 = mmui khan + mH 2O
Cu 3:
(4,0
im)
CO2 + 2KOH
K2CO3 + H2O
(2)
CO2 + K2CO3 + H2O 2KHCO3
(3)
CO2 + BaCO3 + H2O Ba(HCO3)2 (4)
Ta c:
nKOH = 0, 2 mol ; nBa ( OH )2 = 1,5.0, 2 = 0,3 mol
47, 28
= 0, 24 mol < nBa ( OH )2 = 0,3 mol
197
Xy ra hai trng hp
- TH1: Ba(OH)2 d khi cc phn ng (2), (3), (4) khng xy ra.
Theo (1): nCO2 = nBaCO3 = 0, 24 mol V = 0, 24.22, 4 = 5,376 lit
nBaCO3 =
0,5
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,5
0,25
0,5
0,75
mX = mC ( X ) + mH ( X ) + mO ( X )
1,12
= 0, 07 mol
16
Gi trong 3,18 gam hn hp X gm: a mol CxHyCOOH; b mol CxHyCOOC2H5; c
mol C2H5OH
Bo ton nguyn t oxi c: 2a + 2b + c =0,07 (*)
Cho hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH:
CxHyCOOH + NaOH CxHyCOONa + H2O (1)
mol:
a
a
CxHyCOOC2H5 + NaOH CxHyCOONa + C2H5OH (2)
mol:
b
b
b
Theo (1), (2): nNaOH= a + b=0,03 mol (**)
1,38
nC2 H5OH sauphnng = b + c =
= 0, 03 mol (***)
46
2a + 2b + c = 0, 07 a = 0, 01
b = 0, 02
T (*), (**) v (***) c: a + b = 0, 03
b + c = 0, 03
c = 0, 01
Cu 4:
(2,0
im)
0,5
0,5
0,25
0,75
=
= 3 nCO d = nCO2
nCO d
4
3
0,25
1,25
3,94
= 0, 02mol
197
= 0, 04 0, 02 = 0, 02 mol
M n BaCO3 thu c =
n BaCO3 phnng( 3)
0,5
0,5
VO2 =
.5 = 2 lit
VO2 10 5
5+3
=
=
3, 2
VO3
6 3
VO3 =
.3 = 1, 2 lit
5+3
VCO2 = 1,3a lit
V VCO2 : Vhi H2O = 1,3 :1, 2 nn gi
Vhi H2O = 1, 2a lit
- Bo ton nguyn t oxi: 2.1,3a + 1,2a = 2.2 + 1,2.3 a = 2
VCO2 = 1,3.2 = 2, 6 lit
Cu 5:
(4,0
im)
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,25
Mi
phn
ng
0,25
0,75