CROM V HP CHT CA CROM

CROM
I. V TR V CU TO Crom l kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm VIB, chu k 4, s hiu nguyn t l 24. S phn b electron vo cc mc nng lng: 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 Cu hnh electron nguyn t: 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 hay [Ar] 3d54s1 Biu din cu hnh electron qua lng t:

Crom c s oxi ha +1 n +6. Ph bin hn c l cc s oxi ha +2, +3 v +6. m in: 1,61 Bn knh nguyn t Cr 0,13 nm (1 nm = 1109 m = 1103 m) Bn knh ion Cr2+ l 0,084 nm v Cr3+ l 0,069 nm. II. TNH CHT VT L Crom c mu trng nh bc, rt cng (cng nht trong s cc kim loi), kh nng chy (18900C). Crom l kim loi nng, c khi lng ring 7,2 g/cm3. III. TNH CHT HA HC 1. Tc dng vi phi kim nhit cao, crom tc dng c vi nhiu phi kim t0 4Cr + 3O 2 2Cr2O 3
t 2Cr + 3Cl 2 2CrCl 3 2. Tc dng vi nc.
0

E0 = 0, 74V Crom c th in cc chun nh ( Cr / Cr ) m hn so vi th in cc hidro pH = 0 E = 0, 74V 7 ( H O/ H ). Tuy nhin, trong thc t crom khng phn ng vi nc. 3. Tc dng vi axit Khi tc dng vi dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long to ra mui Cr(II). Cr + 2HCl CrCl 2+ H 2
3+ 2 2

Cr + H 2SO 4 CrSO 4+ H 2

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Cr khng phn ng vi HNO3 v H2SO4 c ngui. IV. NG DNG Thp cha 2,8-3,8% crom c cng cao, bn, c kh nng chng g. Thp cha 18% crom l thp khng g (thp inox). Thp cha 25-30% crom siu cng d nhit cao. Crom dng m thp. Thp m crom bo v kim loi khi b n mn v to v p cho vt. V. SN XUT Phng php nhit nhm: Cr2O3 c tch ra t qung cromit FeO.Cr2O3. 4 FeCr2O4 + 8 Na2CO3 + 7 O2 8 Na2CrO4 + 2 Fe2O3 + 8 CO2 2 Na2CrO4 + H2SO4 Na2Cr2O7 + Na2SO4 + H2O Na2Cr2O7 + 2 C Cr2O3 + Na2CO3 + CO
t Cr2O3 + 2Al 2Cr+ Al 2O 3
0

MT S HP CHT CA CROM
I. HP CHT CROM (II) 1. CrO CrO l mt oxit baz. CrO + 2HCl CrCl 2+ H 2O
CrO + H 2SO 4 CrSO 4+ H 2O CrO c tnh kh, trong khng kh CrO d b oxi ha thnh Cr2O3. 2. Cr(OH)2 Cr(OH)2 l cht rn, mu vng. Cr(OH)2 c tnh kh, trong khng kh oxi ha thnh Cr(OH)3
4Cr(OH) 2 +O 2 + 2H 2O 4Cr(OH) 3 Cr(OH)2 l mt baz. Cr(OH) 2 +2HCl CrCl 2+ 2H 2O 3. Mui crom (II) Mui crom (II) c tnh kh mnh. 2CrCl 2 +Cl 2 2CrCl 3 III. HP CHT CROM (III) 1. Cr2O3 Cr2O3 l oxit lng tnh, tan trong axit v kim c. Cr2O3 + 6HCl 2CrCl3+ 3H 2O

Cr2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaCrO 2 + H 2O Cr2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H 2O 2Na[Cr(OH) 4 ] Cr2O3 c dng to mu lc cho s, thy tinh. 2. Cr(OH)3 Cr(OH)3 l hiroxit lng tnh, tan c trong dung dch axit v dung dch kim.

Cr(OH) 3 + 3HCl CrCl 3 + 3H 2O Cr(OH) 3 + NaOH Na[Cr(OH) 4 ] Cr(OH) 3 + NaOH NaCrO 2 + 2H 2O 3. Mui crom (III) Mui crom (III) c tnh kh v tnh oxi ha. Trong mi trng axit, mui crom (III) c tnh oxi ha b Zn kh thnh mui crom (II)

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2CrCl 3 + Zn 2CrCl 2 + ZnCl 2 Cr2 (SO 4 )3 + Zn 2CrSO 4 + ZnSO 4 Trong mi trng kim, mui crom (III) c tnh kh v b cht oxi ha mnh oxi ha thnh mui crom (VI). 2CrBr3 + 3Br2 + 16KOH 2K 2 CrO 4 + 12KBr + 8H 2 O

2CrCl3 + 3Br2 + 16KOH 2K 2 CrO 4 + 6KBr + 6KCl + 8H 2 O Cr2 (SO 4 )3 + 3Br2 + 16KOH 2K 2 CrO 4 + 6KBr + 3K 2SO 4 + 8H 2 O 2Cr(NO3 )3 + 3Br2 + 16KOH 2K 2 CrO 4 + 6KBr + 6KNO3 + 8H 2 O Phng trnh ion: 3+ 2 2Cr + 3Br 2 + 16OH 2CrO 4 + 6Br + 8H 2O Phn crom-kali K2SO4.Cr2(SO4)3.24H2O c mu xanh tnh, c dng thuc da, lm cht cm mu trong ngnh nhum vi. III. HP CHT CROM (VI) 1. CrO3 CrO3 l cht oxi ha rt mnh. Mt s cht v c v hu c nh S, P, C, NH3, C2H5OH bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3, CrO3 b kh thnh Cr2O3. 4CrO 3 + 3S 3SO 2 + 2Cr2O 3
10CrO 3 + 6P 3P2O 5 + 5Cr2O 3

4CrO3 + 3C 3CO 2 + 2Cr2 O3

C 2 H5OH + 4CrO3 2CO 2 + 3H 2 O + 2Cr2 O3 2CrO 3 + 2NH 3 Cr2O 3+ N 2+ 3H 2O

CrO3 l oxit axit, khi tc dng vi nc to thnh hn hp axit cromic H2CrO4 v axit icromic H2Cr2O7. Hai axit ny khng th tch ra dng t do, ch tn ti trong dung dch. Nu tch ra khi dung dch, chng b phn hy thnh CrO3. 2. Mui cromat v icromat 2 CrO 2 Cr2O 7 4 Ion cromat c mu vng. Ion icromat c mu da cam. Trong mi trng axit, cromat chuyn ha thnh icromat. 2K 2CrO 4 +H 2SO 4 K 2Cr2O 7+ K 2SO 4+ H 2O Trong mi trng kim icromat chuyn ha thnh cromat. K 2Cr2O 7 +2KOH 2K 2CrO 4+ H 2O Tng qut:
2 2CrO 2 + 2H+ Cr2O 7 + H 2O 4

Mui cromat v icromat c tnh oxi ha mnh, chng b kh thnh mui Cr(III).
K 2Cr2O 7 + 6FeSO 4 + 7H 2SO 4 Cr 2(SO 4) 3+ 3Fe 2(SO 4) 3+ K SO 4+ 7H O 2 2

K 2 Cr2 O7 + 6KI + 7H 2SO4 Cr2 (SO 4 )3 + 4K 2SO 4 + 3I 2 + 7H 2 O K 2 Cr2 O7 + 14HCl 2KCl + 3CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H 2 O K 2 Cr2 O7 + 3H 2S + 4H 2SO 4 Cr2 (SO 4 )3 + K 2SO 4 + 7H 2 O + 3S (NH4)2Cr2O7 b nhit phn theo phn ng: t0 (NH 4 ) 2 Cr 2O 7 N 2 + Cr2O 3 + 4H 2O BI TP VN DNG Trang 3

Cu1.Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht cc loi l 60, s ht mang in trong ht nhn bng s ht khng mang in. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c 11 electron p. Nguyn t nguyn t Z c 4 lp electron v 6 electron c thn. Cht no khng tn ti: A. XY2 B. XY3 C. ZY2 D. ZY3 Cu2.Ion X3+ c phn lp electron lp ngoai cung la 3d3. X c s electron c thn l: A. 6 B. 1 C. 4 D. 5

Cu3.Trong s 5 kim loi: Cu, Fe, Al, Ag, Cr. Nhn nh no sau y KHNG ng? A. Kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht l Al C. Kim loi khng phn ng vi oxi l Ag. D. Kim loi c cng cao nht l Cr.

B. Kim loi dn in tt nht l Cu Cu4.Cc hp cht trong dy cht no di y u c tnh lng tnh? A. Cr(OH)3, Fe(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.

B. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Mg(OH)2. Cu5.Khi cho dung dch H2SO4 long vo cc X ng dung dch K2CrO4 th mu ca dung dch trong cc X s i t mu A. Xanh sang mu hng. B. Mu da cam sang mu hng. Cu6.Pht biu khng ng l: A. Hp cht Cr(II) c tnh kh c trng cn hp cht Cr(VI) c tnh oxi ho mnh. B. Cc hp cht CrO, Cr(OH)2 tc dng c vi dung dch HCl cn CrO3 tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH. C. Thm dung dch kim vo mui icromat, mui ny chuyn thnh mui cromat. D. Cc hp cht Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrO, Cr(OH)2 u c tnh cht lng tnh. Cu7.Cho hn hp X gm Cr v Fe vo dung dch HCl 15M n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y. Cht tan c trong dung dch Y l: A. CrCl2, FeCl2. trng axit l : A. 0,325 gam Cu9.Xt hai phn ng: 2Cr3+ + Zn 2Cr2+ + Zn2+ 2Cr3+ + 3Br2 + 16OH- 2CrO42- + 6Br- + 8H2O Nhn xt no sau y l ng: A. Cr3+ ch c tnh oxi ha B. Cr3+ ch c tnh kh C. Cr3 c+ tnh kh mnh hn tnh oxi ha. D. Trong mi trng kim Cr3+ c tnh kh v b Br2 oxi ha thnh mui crom (VI) Cu10.Cho dy cc cht: Cr(OH)3, Al2(SO4)3, Cr, Cr(OH)2, CrCl3 v CrO3. S cht trong dy c tnh cht Trang 4 B. 0,650 gam C. 0,975 gam D. 1,300 gam B. CrCl2, CrCl3. C. CrCl3, FeCl2 D. CrCl3, FeCl3 Cu8.Lng kim loi km cn thit kh ht ion Cr3+ trong dung dch cha 0,02 mol CrCl3 trong mi C. Mu da cam sang mu vng. D. Mu vng sang mu da cam.

C. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2. D. Cr(OH)3, Pb(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.

lng tnh l A. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3. Cu11.X l mt kim loi. Ha tan ht 3,24 gam X trong 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M, thu c 4,032 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch D. X l: A. Zn. B. Al. C. Cr. D. K.

Cu12.Thm 0,02 mol NaOH vo dung dch cha 0,01 mol CrCl2 ri trong khng kh n phn ng hon ton. Khi lng kt ta thu c l A. 0,86 gam. B. 1,03 gam. C. 1,72 gam. D. 2,06 gam.

Cu13.Khi ha tan cng 1 lng kim loi R vo dung dch HNO3 long v vo dung dch H2SO4 long th thu c kh NO v H2 c th tch bng nhau (o cng k). Bit khi lng mui nitrat thu c bng 159,21% khi lng mui sunphat. Kim loi R l: A. Al. B. Fe. C. Cr. D. Mg.

Cu14.Khi 101,05 gam hp kim gm c Fe, Cr v Al tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch kim, thu c 5,04 L (ktc) kh. Ly b rn khng tan cho tc dng vi mt lng d axit clohidric (khi khng c khng kh) thu c 39,2 L (ktc) kh. Thnh phn phn trm khi lng Cr trong hp kim bng A. 77,19% B. 12,86% C. 7,72% D. 6,43%

Cu15.Lng H2O2 v KOH tng ng c s dng oxi ha hon ton 0,01 mol KCr(OH)4 thnh K2CrO4 l : A. 0,015 mol v 0,01 mol B. 0,030 mol v 0,04 mol C. 0,015 mol v 0,04 mol D. 0,030 mol v 0,04 mol

Cu16.Dy no di y ch gm cc phn t v ion va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh ? A. HCl, SO2, HNO3, CO2. B. F2, SO32-, NO2, Fe2+. C. Cl2, H2O, HNO2, Cr3+. D. Br2, H2S, H3PO4, Ca.

Cu17.Dy so snh tnh cht vt l ca kim loi no di y l KHNG ng ? A. Kh nng dn in v nhit ca Ag > Cu > Au > Al > Fe B. T khi ca Li < Fe < Os. C. Nhit nng chy ca Hg < Al < W D. Tnh cng ca Cs > Fe > Cr * Cu18.Lng Cl2 v NaOH tng ng c s dng oxi ha hon ton 0,01 mol CrCl3 thnh A.0,015 mol v 0,10 mol C. 0,015 mol v 0,08 mol B. 0,030 mol v 0,16 mol Cu19.Nhn nh no di y KHNG ng ? Trang 5 D. 0,030 mol v 0,14 mol

CrO2 4

l :

A. Sn xut CuSO4 bng cch ngm Cu trong dung dch H2SO4 long c thi khng kh lin tc, th c li hn l cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c nng. B. Sn xut H3PO4 t P th sn phm c tinh khit cao hn l sn xut t qung photphorit qua phn ng gia Ca3(PO4)2 v H2SO4. C. iu ch Cr t Cr2O3 th nn dng phn ng nhit nhm hn l dng cc phn ng nhit phi kim khc. D. Tuy cng c iu ch t qung photphorit, nhng suppephotphat n c tinh khit cao hn so vi suppephotphat kp. Cu20.Cho kim loi M tc dng vi Cl2 c mui X; cho kim loi M tc dng vi dd HCl c mui Y. Nu dung dch X v dung dch Y tc dng vi Br2/NaOH u to thnh dung dch Z. Kim loi M c th l A. Cr. B. Fe. C. Zn. D. Al.

Cu21.Cho dy cc cht: Na2S, KHCO3, KOH, Ca(NO3)2, SO3, NaHSO4, Na2SO3, K2CrO4. S cht trong dy to thnh kt ta khi phn ng vi dung dch BaCl2 l A. 6. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.

Cu22.Th tch dung dch NaOH 0,1M ti thiu cn cho vo dung dch hn hp cha 0,03 mol HCl v 0,02 mol CrBr3 lng kt ta thu c l cc i bng. A. 900 ml B. 600 ml C. 800 ml D. 300 ml

Cu23.Thm KOH vo dung dch hn hp cha 0,02 mol HCl, 0,01 mol NiCl2 v 0,01 mol CrCl3. S mol NaOH ti thiu dng kt ta thu c l nh nht v ln nht ln lt bng. A. 0,05 mol v 0,06 mol. B. 0,07 mol v 0,08 mol. C. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol. D. 0,07 mol v 0,10 mol.

Cu24.Hin tng no di y c m t khng ng ? A. Thm d NaOH v Cl2 vo dung dch CrCl3 th dung dch t mu xanh chuyn thnh mu vng. B. Thm t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch K[Cr(OH)4] thy xut hin kt ta lc xm, sau tan li. C. Thm d KOH vo dung dch K2Cr2O7 th dung dch chuyn t mu vng thnh mu da cam. * D. Thm t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch CrCl3 thy xut hin kt ta lc xm v kt ta ny tan li trong NaOH d. Cu25.Khi cho dd NaOH d vo cc dung dch cho di y, trng hp no to ra kt ta khng mu: A. CuSO4 B. CrCl3 C. Fe(NO3)3 D. MgSO4 2+ 2Cr3+ + 3Ni, Bit . E0 ca pin in ha l: Cu26.Phn ng ha hc trong pin in ha. 2Cr + 3Ni A. 1,0 V B. 0,78 V C. 0,96 V Cu27.Hin tng no di y c m t KHNG ng ? D. 0,48 V

A. t CrO trong khng kh thy cht rn chuyn t mu en sang mu lc thm B. un nng S vi K2Cr2O7 thy cht rn chuyn t mu da cam sang mu lc thm. C. Thi kh NH3 qua CrO3 un nng thy cht rn chuyn t mu sang mu lc thm. D. Nung Cr(OH)2 trong khng kh thy cht rn chuyn t mu vng nu sang mu en. * Trang 6

Cu28.Khi cho 41,4 gam hn hp X gm Fe2O3, Cr2O3 v Al2O3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c (d), sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng 16 gam. kh hon ton 41,4 gam X bng phn ng nhit nhm, phi dng 10,8 gam Al. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Cr2O3 trong hn hp X l (Cho. hiu sut ca cc phn ng l 100%) A. 20,33%. B. 66,67%. C. 50,67%. D. 36,71%. Cu29.Cu 55. Khi cho dung dch H2SO4 long vo cc X ng dung dch K2CrO4 th mu ca dung dch trong cc X s i t mu A. xanh sang mu hng. B. mu da cam sang mu hng. C. mu da cam sang mu vng. D. mu vng sang mu da cam.

Cu30.Dy no cho di y m tt c cc cht u phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 long: A. Mg, Na2SO3, Al(OH)3, Fe3O4 B. Cu, NaHCO3, Fe(OH)2, CuO. C. MgCl2, BaCl2, Cr, Cu(OH)2. D. FeO, Na2S, NaOH, C.

Cu31.Thm KOH vo dung dch hn hp cha 0,02 mol HCl, 0,01 mol NiCl2 v 0,01 mol CrCl3. S mol NaOH ti thiu dng kt ta thu c l nh nht v ln nht ln lt bng. A. 0,05 mol v 0,06 mol. B. 0,07 mol v 0,08 mol. C. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol. D. 0,07 mol v 0,10 mol.

Cu32.Cho kim loi M tc dng vi Cl2 c mui X; cho kim loi M tc dng vi dd HCl c mui Y. Nu dung dch X v dung dch Y tc dng vi Br2/NaOH u to thnh dung dch Z. Kim loi M c th l A. Cr. B. Fe. C. Zn. D. Al.

Cu33.Cho hn hp X gm Cr v Fe vo dung dch HCl 15M n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y. Cht tan c trong dung dch Y l: A. CrCl2, FeCl2. B. CrCl2, CrCl3. KOH tng ng l A. 0,015 mol v 0,04 mol B. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol K2CrO4 l : A. 0,015 mol v 0,01 mol B. 0,030 mol v 0,04 mol Trang 7 C. 0,03 mol v 0,08 mol D. 0,015 mol v 0,08 mol C. CrCl3, FeCl2 D. CrCl3, FeCl3

Cu34. oxi ha hon ton 0,01 mol CrCl3 thnh K2CrO4 bng Cl2 khi c mt KOH, lng ti thiu Cl2 v

Cu35.Lng H2O2 v KOH tng ng c s dng oxi ha hon ton 0,01 mol KCr(OH)4 thnh

C. 0,015 mol v 0,04 mol

D. 0,030 mol v 0,04 mol

2

Cu36.Lng Cl2 ,NaOH tng ng c s dng oxi ha hon ton 0,01 mol CrCl3 thnh CrO 4 l:

A.0,015 mol v 0,10 mol B. 0,030 mol v 0,16 mol

C. 0,015 mol v 0,08 mol D. 0,030 mol v 0,14 mol

Cu37.Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2 gam Cr2O3 v m gam Al nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 23,3 gam hn hp rn X. Cho ton b hn hp X phn ng vi axit HCl (d) thot ra V lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (cho O = 16, Al = 27, Cr = 52) A. 7,84. B. 4,48. C. 3,36. D. 10,08.

Cu38.Lng kim loi km cn thit kh ht dd cha 0,02 mol CrCl3 trong mi trng axit l: A. 0,325 gam B. 0,650 gam C. 0,975 gam D. 1,300 gam

Cu39.Thi kh NH3 d qua 1 gam CrO3 t nng n phn ng hon ton th thu c lng cht rn bng: A. 0,52 gam. B. 0,68 gam. C. 0,76 gam. D. 1,52 gam.

Cu40.Ha tan ht 1,08 gam hn hp Cr v Fe trong dung dch HCl long, nng thu c 448 mL kh (ktc). Khi lng crom c trong hn hp l : A. 0,065 gam. B. 0,520 gam. C. 0,560 gam. D. 1,015 gam.

Cu41.Tnh khi lng bt nhm cn dng c th iu ch c 78 gam crom bng phng php nhit nhm. A. 20,250 gam B. 35,695 gam C. 40,500 gam D. 81,000 gam

Cu42.Cho lng d Cl2 v NaOH vo dung dch mu th ch cha mt cation kim loi. Dung dch sau phn ng c mu vng, vy mu th cha ion : A. Fe2+ B. Fe3+ C. Cr3+ D. Al3+

Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn k li bing!!!

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