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MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

HA I CNG
I. TNH pH 1. Dung dch axit yu HA: pH = 1 (log Ka + logCa) hoc pH = log( Ca) 2 (1)

: l in li

-5vi
Ka : hng s phn li ca axit Ca : nng mol/l ca axit ( Ca 0,01 M ) V d 1: Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M 250C . Bit KCH 3 COOH = 1,8. 10-5 Gii pH = - (logKa + logCa ) = - (log1,8. 10-5 + log0,1 ) = 2,87 1 1 2 2 V d 2: Tnh pH ca dung dch HCOOH 0,46 % ( D = 1 g/ml ). Cho in li ca HCOOH trong dung dch l =2% Gii 10 .D .C % 1 0 .1 . 0 , 4 6 2 = 0,1 M => pH = - log . Ca ) = - log ( ( = .0,1 ) = 2,7 Ta c : C = M M 46 100 Ca 2. Dung dch m (hn hp gm axit yu HA v mui NaA): ) (2) pH = (log Ka + log Cm V d : Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M v CH3COONa 0,1 M 250C. Bit KCH 3 COOH = 1,75. 10-5 , b qua s in li ca H2O. pH = - (logKa + log a C = - (log1,75. 10-5 + log ) 0 ,1 Cm
3. Dung dch baz yu BOH: pH = 14 +

0 ,1

) = 4,74
(3)

1 2 (log Kb + logCb)

Kb : hng s phn li ca baz Ca : nng mol/l ca baz V d : Tnh pH ca dung dch NH3 0,1 M . Cho KNH 3 = 1,75. 10-5 1 1 pH = 14 + (logKb + logC ) = 14 + (log1,75. 10-5 + log0,1 ) = 11,13 b 2 2
II. TNH HIU SUT PHN NG TNG HP NH3 : H% = 2 2

vi

MX MY
=( MX MY - 1).100 K: t l mol N2 v H2 l 1:3

(4)

% VH N -

tr o n g Y

(5)

(X: hh ban u; Y: hh sau)

V d : Tin hnh tng hp NH3 t hn hp X gm N2 v H2 c t Khi hi so vi H2 l 4,25 thu c hn hp Y c t Khi hi so vi H2 l 6,8. Tnh hiu sut tng hp NH3 . Ta c : nN 2 : nH 2 = 1:3 8,5 MX H% = 2 - 2 =2-2 = 75 % 13,6 MY

HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

HA V C
I BI TON V CO2 . 1. Tnh lng Kt ta Khi hp th ht lng CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 iu Kin: n CO n
2

Cng thc:

n = n OH - n CO
-

(6)

V d : Hp th ht 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc ) vo 350 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 1M. Tnh kt ta thu c. 2 Ta c : n CO 2 = 0,5 mol => nOH = 0,7 mol n Ba(OH) 2 = 0,35 mol nkt ta = nOH - nCO 2 = 0,7 0,5 = 0,2 mol mkt ta = 0,2 . 197 = 39,4 ( g )
2. Tnh lng Kt ta Khi hp th ht lng CO2 vo dung dch cha hn hp gm NaOH v Ca(OH) hoc Ba(OH)2 2 Cng thc: (7) n CO = nOH - n CO iu Kin: n CO n CO
23 2 23 2

(Cn so snh n CO vi nCa v nBa tnh lng Kt ta)


23

V d 1 : Hp th ht 6,72 lt CO2 ( Ktc) vo 300 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1 M v Ba(OH) 0,6 M. 2 Tnh Khi lng Kt ta thu c . nCO 2 = 0,3 mol nNaOH = 0,03 mol n Ba(OH)2= 0,18 mol =>

nOH

= 0,39 mol - nCO 2 = 0,39- 0,3 = 0,09 mol

nCO 32 = nOH

M nBa 2+ = 0,18 mol nn nkt ta = nCO 32 = 0,09 mol mkt ta = 0,09 . 197 = 17,73 gam V d 2 : Hp th ht 0,448 lt CO2 ( Ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,06 M v Ba(OH) 0,12 M 2 thu c m gam Kt ta . Tnh m ? ( TSH 2009 khi A ) A. 3,94 B. 1,182 C. 2,364 D. 1,97 nCO 2 = 0,02 mol nNaOH = 0,006 mol n Ba(OH)2= 0,012 mol =>

nOH

= 0,03 mol - nCO 2 = 0,03 - 0,02 = 0,01 mol

nCO 32 = nOH

M nBa 2+ = 0,012 mol nn nkt ta = nCO 32 = 0,01 mol mkt ta = 0,01 . 197 = 1,97 gam
3. Tnh th tch CO2 cn hp th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 thu c lng Kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu) Cng thc: n CO = n
2

(8)
- n
O H -

hoc

n CO = n
2

(9)

V d : Hp th ht V lt CO2 ( Ktc) vo 300 ml dung dch v Ba(OH) 1 M thu c 19,7 gam Kt ta . Tnh V ? 2 Gii - n CO 2 = nKt ta = 0,1 mol => V CO 2 = 2,24 lt - n CO 2 = nOH - nKt ta = 0,6 0,1 = 0,5 => V CO 2 = 11,2 lt
II. BI TON V NHM KM 1. Tnh lng NaOH cn cho vo dung dch Al3+ thu c lng Kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu) Cng thc: n OH = 3n

(10)
3+

hoc

n
O H -

= 4n Al - n

(11)
2

HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

V d : Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch cha 0,5 mol AlCl c 31,2 gam Kt ta . 3 Gii Ta c hai Kt qu : n OH = 3.nKt ta = 3. 0,4 = 1,2 mol => V = 1,2 lt n OH = 4. nAl 3+ - nKt ta = 4. 0,5 0,4 = 1,6 mol => V = 1,6 lt
2. Tnh lng NaOH cn cho vo hn hp dung dch Al + v H+ thu c lng Kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 3 kt qu) nO H nO H
m in

= 3 n + nH
3+

(12)
+

m ax

= 4nA l - n + nH

(13)

V d : Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 1M ln nht vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,6 mol AlCl v 0,2 3 mol HCl c 39 gam Kt ta . Gii n OH ( max ) = 4. nAl 3+ - nKt ta+ nH + = 4. 0,6 - 0,5 + 0,2 =2,1 mol => V = 2,1 lt
3. Tnh lng HCl cn cho vo dung dch Na[Al(OH)4] (hoc NaAlO2) thu c lng Kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu) Cng thc: n H = n
+

(14)
2

hoc

n
H +

= 4n AlO - 3n

(15)

V d : Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch cha 0,7 mol NaAlO hoc Na [ Al(OH ) 4 2 c 39 gam Kt ta . Gii Ta c hai Kt qu : nH + = nKt ta = 0,5 mol => V = 0,5 lt nH + = 4. nAlO 2 - 3. nKt ta = 4.0,7 3.0,5 = 1,3 mol => V = 1,3 lt

] thu

4. Tnh lng HCl cn cho vo hn hp dung dch NaOH v Na[Al(OH)] (hoc NaAlO2) thu c lng Kt ta theo 4 yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu) (16) Cng thc: n H = n + n OH
+ -

hoc

n
H +

= 4n AlO - 3n + n OH
2

(17)

V d : Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 1M cc i vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,1 mol NaOH v 0,3 mol NaAlO2 hoc Na [ Al(OH ) 4 ] thu c 15,6 gam Kt ta . Gii Ta c hai Kt qu : nH + (max) = 4. nAlO 2 - 3. nKt ta + n OH = 4.0,3 3.0,2 + 01 = 0,7 mol => V = 0,7 lt
5. Tnh lng NaOH cn cho vo dung dch Zn2+ thu c lng Kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu):
nOH- = 2n

(18)
Z n+ 2

hoc

nO H- = 4n

- 2n

(19)

V d : Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1M cn cho vo 200 ml dung dch ZnCl 2M c 29,7 gam Kt ta . 2 Gii Ta c nZn 2+ = 0,4 mol nKt ta= 0,3 mol p dng CT 41 . n OH ( min ) = 2.nKt ta = 2.0,3= 0,6 =>V ddNaOH = 0,6 lt n OH ( max ) = 4. nZn 2+ - 2.nKt ta = 4.0,4 2.0,3 = 1 mol =>VddNaOH = 1lt
III. BI TON V HNO3 1. Kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 d a. Tnh lng kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 d: - iKL=ha tr Kim loi trong mui nitrat
HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

KL

.i KL =

spk

.i spk

(20)

- isp kh: s e m N+5 nhn vo (Vd: iNO=5-2=3)


3

MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

- Nu c Fe d tc dng vi HNO3 th s to mui Fe2+, Khng to mui Fe3+ b. Tnh Khi lng mui nitrat thu c Khi cho hn hp kim loi tc dng vi HNO d (Sn phm khng c 3 NH4NO3) Cng thc: ) mMui = mKim loi + 62 sp kh . isp kh = mKim loi + 62 ( 3n NO + n NO + 8n N O + 10n N n
2 2 2

(21)

c. Tnh lng mui nitrat thu c Khi cho hn hp st v oxit st tc dng vi HNO d (Sn phm khng c 3 NH4NO3) mM u i=
242 80

(m

hh

+ 8n spk .i spk

) = 242

m hh + 8(3n NO + n NO + 8n N
2

+ 10n N ) 80
2

(22)

+) Cng thc tnh Khi lng mui thu c Khi cho hn hp st v cc oxt st tc dng vi HNO long d gii 3 phng Kh NO. 242 mM ui = ( mhn hp + 24 nNO ) 80 V d : Ha tan ht 11,36 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe O3, Fe3O4 trong dung dch HNO3 long d thu c m 2 gam mui v 1,344 lt Kh NO ( Ktc ) l sn phm Kh duy nht . Tm m ?. Gii 242 242 ( 11,36 + 24 .0,06 ) = 38,72 gam mM ui = ( mhn hp + 24 n ) = NO 80 80 +) Cng thc tnh Khi lng mui thu c Khi ha tan ht hn hp st v cc oxt st bng HNO c nng, d 3 gii phng Kh NO2 . 242 mM ui = ( mhn hp + 8 nNO 2 ) 80 V d : Ha tan ht 6 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe O3, Fe3O4 trong HNO3 c nng, d thu c 3,36 lt Kh 2 NO2 (Ktc ). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c bao nhiu gam mui Khan. 242 242 ( 6 + 8 .0,15 ) = 21,78 gam mM ui = ( mhn hp + 8 nNO 2 ) = 80 80
d. Tnh s mol HNO3 tham gia:
nH N O3
= nspk .(isp kh + s Ntrong sp kh ) NO 4n =

+ 2nNO2 + 12nN2 + 10nN2O + 10nNH4NO3

(23)

2. Tnh Khi lng hp A (Rban v oxit ca R)ton oxh 2 ln )n + SP Kh + H2O hn kim loi d u trong bi R(NO3 R + O2 mR=
MR 80
+HNO3

(m

hh

+ 8.n spk spk .i

) = M80 8(n m +
R

hh

NO2

+ 3n NO N O + 8n + 8n
2

NH4 NO3

+ 10n N )
2

(24)

+) Cng thc tnh Khi lng st dng ban u, bit oxi ha lng st ny bng oxi c hn hp rn X . Ha tan ht X vi HNO3 c , nng ,d gii phng Kh NO2. 56 mFe = ( mhn hp + 8 nNO 2 ) 80 V d : t m gam st trong oxi thu c 10 gam hn hp cht rn X . Ha tan ht X vi HNO c nng, d gii 3 phng 10,08 lt Kh NO2 ( Ktc) . Tm m ? Gii 56 56 ( 10 + 8. 0,45 ) = 9,52 gam mFe = ( mhn hp + 24 nNO 2 ) = 80 80 +) Cng thc tnh Khi lng st dng ban u, bit oxi ha lng st ny bng oxi c hn hp rn X . Ha tan ht X vi HNO3 long d gii phng Kh NO. 56 mFe = ( mhn hp + 24 nNO ) 80 V d : t m gam st trong oxi thu c 3 gam cht rn X . Ha tan ht X vi HNO long d gii phng 0,56 lt 3 Kh NO ( Ktc). Tm m ? Gii 56 56 ( 3 + 0,025 ) = 2,52 gam mF e = ( mhn hp + 24 n ) = NO 80 80
HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH 4

MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

+) Cng thc tnh Khi lng mui thu c Khi ha tan ht hn hp st v cc oxt st bng HNO d gii phng 3 Kh NO v NO2 . 242 mM ui = ( mhn hp + 24. nNO + 8. nNO 2 ) 80 V d : Ha tan ht 7 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe O3, Fe3O4 trong HNO3 d thu c 1,792 lt (Ktc ) Kh X 2 gm NO v NO2 v m gam mui . Bit dX/H 2 = 19. Tnh m ? Ta c : nNO = nNO 2 = 0,04 mol 242 242 ( 7+ 24.0,04 + 8.0,04 )= 25,047 gam mM ui = ( mhn hp + 24 nNO + 8 nNO 2 ) = 80 80
IV . BI TON V H2SO4 1. Kim loi tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng d a. Tnh Khi lng mui sunfat mM ui =
m KL + 96 n sp k .isp k 2

mKL + 96(3.n +n S+4n2 S SO H )


KL

(25) (26) (27)

a. Tnh lng kim loi tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng d: b. Tnh s mol axit tham gia phn ng: nH
400 m 160
2 SO 4

.i KL =

spk

.i spk

is p k h = n s p k .( +s Strong sp kh ) = 2

4nS 2nSO+ 5 n 2S + H 2

2. Hn hp st v oxit st tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng d (28) + hh + 8.6n S 8.2n + 8.8nH S 2 SO2 + Cng thc tnh Khi lng mui thu c Khi ha tan ht hn hp Fe, FeO, FeO3, Fe3O4 bng H2SO4 c, nng, 2 d gii phng Kh SO2 . 400 mM ui = ( mhn hp + 16.nSO 2 ) 160 V d : Ha tan ht 30 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe O3, Fe3O4 bng H2SO4 c nng, d thu c 11,2 lt Kh 2 SO2 (Ktc ). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c bao nhiu gam mui Khan. Gii 400 400 ( 30 + 16.0,5 ) = 95 gam mM ui = ( mhn hp + 16.nSO 2 ) = 160 160 mM ui = 3. Tnh Khi lng kim loi ban u trong bi ton oxh 2 ln +H SO R + O2 hn hp A (R d v oxit ca R) R(SO4)n + SP Kh + H2O
2 4 dac

m R= M R
80

(m

hh

.i + 8.n spk spk

) = 80 m

+ 8(2n
hh SO2

+ 10n + 6n S H S )
2

(29) (30)

- n gin: nu l Fe: mFe = 0,7mhh + 5,6ne trao i; nu l Cu: mCu = 0,8.mhh + 6,4.ne trao i V. KIM LOI (R) TC DNG VI HCl, H2SO4 TO MUI V GII PHNG H2 tng (gim) Khi lng dung dch phn ng ( m) s l: Kim loi R (Ha tr x) tc dng vi axit thng: nR.x=2 nH
2

m = mKL - m H

(31) (32)

1. Kim loi + HCl Mui clorua + H2 2. Kim loi + H2SO4 long Mui sunfat + H2 VI.

= + mmuoi clorua mKLp 71.n H

(33)
2

mmuoi sunfat = mKLp + 96.n H

(34)

MUI TC DNG VI AXIT: (C th chng minh cc CT bng phng php tng gim Khi lng) 1. Mui cacbonat + ddHCl Mui clorua + CO2 + H2O 2. Mui cacbonat + H2SO4 long Mui sunfat + CO2 + H2O 3. Mui sunfit + ddHCl Mui clorua + SO2 + H2O 4. Mui sunfit + ddH2SO4 long Mui sunfat + SO2 + H2O
HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH =m muoi cacbonat + (71 - 60).nCO (35) mmuoi clorua
2

=m muoi cacbonat + (96 - 60)nCO (36) mmuoi sunfat


2

mmuoi clorua = mmuoi sunfit - (80 - 71)nSO =m mmuoi sunfat muoi sunfit + (96 - 80)nSO
2

(37) (38)
5

MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

VII.

OXIT TC DNG VI AXIT TO MUI + H2O: c th xem phn ng l: [O]+ 2[H] H2O 1. Oxit + ddH2SO4 long Mui sunfat + H2O 2. Oxit + ddHCl Mui clorua + H2O 3.
n O /oxit = nO / H O =
2

1 2

nH
2

(39)
SO 4

mmuoi sunfat = moxit + 80n H


2

(40) (41)

+ 5n mmuoi clorua = moxit 55n O= m + 27,HCl H oxit

V III.

CC PHN NG NHIT LUYN 1. Oxit tc dng vi cht Kh TH 1. Oxit + CO : RxOy + yCO xR + yCO2 (1) R l nhng Kim loi sau Al. Phn ng (1) c th vit gn nh sau: [O]oxit + CO CO2 TH 2. Oxit + H2 : RxOy + yH2 xR + yH2O (2) R l nhng Kim loi sau Al. Phn ng (2) c th vit gn nh sau: [O]oxit + H2 H2O TH 3. Oxit + Al (phn ng nhit nhm) : 3RxOy + 2yAl 3xR + yAl2O3 (3) Phn ng (3) c th vit gn nh sau: 3[O]oxit + 2Al Al2O3 C 3 trng hp c CT chung:
n[O]/oxit = nCO = nH 2 = nCO 2 =nH 2 O mR = moxit - m[O]/oxit

(42)

2. Th tch kh thu c Khi cho hn hp sn phm sau phn ng nhit nhm (Al + FeOy) tc dng vi HNO3: x n k h= ispk 3 [3n Al +

3x - 2y

n Fe O ]
x y

(43)

3. Tnh lng Ag sinh ra Khi cho a(mol) Fe vo b(mol) AgNO ; ta so snh: 3 3a>b 3a<b nAg =b

nAg =3a

(44)

HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

HA HU C
1. Tnh s lin Kt ca CxHyOzNtClm: k =
2+

n .(x
i

- 2)

2 + 2x + t - y - m 2

(n: s nguyn t; x: ha tr) (45)

K=0: ch c lK n 2. Da vo ph n ng chy:

K=1: 1 lK i = 1 vng

K=2: 1 lK ba=2 lK i = 2 vng

nC O
S C =
2

2n H
S H=

nA

nA

= n Ankan(Ancol) H O nCO-n
2 2
2 2

n Ankin =n - n H O CO
2 2

(46) = (k+1) (47)

* Lu : A l CxHy hoc CxHyOz mch h, Khi chy cho: 3. Tnh s ng phn ca: - Ancol no, n chc (CnH2n+1OH): 2n-2

n CO - n H O = k.n A (1<n<6)

th A c s

V d : S ng phn ca ancol c cng thc phn t l : a. C3H8O = 23-2 = 2 b. C4H10O = 24-2 = 4 c. C5H12O = 25-2 = 8
- Anehit n chc, no (CnH2nO) : 2n-3 (2<n<7) (48)

V d : S ng phn ca anehit n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : a. C4H8O = 24-3 = 2 b. C5H10O = 25-3 = 4 c. C6H12O = 26-3 = 8
- Axit no n chc, mch h CnH2nO2 2n 3 (2<n<7) (49)

V d : S ng phn ca axit cacboxylic n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : a. C4H8O2 = 24-3 = 2 b. C5H10O2 = 25-3 = 4 c. C6H12O2 = 26-3 = 8
- Este no, n chc (CnH2nO2): 2n-2 (1<n<5) (50)

V d : S ng phn ca este n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : a. C2H4O2 = 22-2 = 1 b. C3H6O2 = 23-2 = 2 c. C4H8O2
- Amin n chc, no (CnH2n+3N): 2
n-1

= 24-2 = 4
(1<n<5) (51)

V d : S ng phn ca anin n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : a. C2H7N = 22-1 =1 b. C3H9N = 23-1 =3 c. C4H12N = 24-1 (n 1).(n 2 ) (2<n<5) - Ete n chc, no (CnH2n+2O): 2 V d : S ng phn ca ete n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : ( 3 1 ).( 3 2 ) ( 4 1 ).( 4 2 ) a. C3H8O = = 1 b. C4H10O = = 3 c. C5H12O = 2 2 (n 2 ).(n 3) (3<n<7) - Xeton n chc, no (CnH2nO): 2 V d : S ng phn ca xeton n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : ( 4 2 ).( 4 3) (5 2 ).( 5 3 ) = 3 c. C6H12O = a. C4H8O = = 1 b. C5H10O = 2 2
4. S Trieste to bi glixerol v n axit bo n2(n+1)

=6
(52)

(5 1 ).( 5 2 ) =6 2
(53)

( 6 2 ).( 6 3) =6 2
(54)

V d : un nng hn hp gm glixerol vi 2 axit bo l axit panmitic v axit stearic ( xc tc HSO4 c) th thu 2 c bao nhiu trieste ? 2 2 ( 2 + 1) S trieste = =6 2
5. Tnh s n peptit ti a to bi x amino axit Khc nhau x n (55)

V d : C ti a bao nhiu ipeptit, tripeptit thu c t hn hp gm 2 amino axit l glyxin v alanin ? S ipeptit = 22 = 4 S tripeptit = 2 = 8 3
HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH 7

MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

n (n + 1) 2 V d : un nng hn hp gm 2 ancol n chc no vi H SO4 c 1400c c hn hp bao nhiu ete ? 2 2 ( 2+ 1 ) S ete = =3 2 n NaOH 7. S nhm este = n este
6. Tnh s ete to bi n ancol n chc: 8. Amino axit A c CTPT (NH2)x-R-(COOH)y x= n HCl nA y= n NaOH nA

(56)

(57) (58)

9. Cng thc tnh s C ca ancol no, ete no hoc ca ankan Da vo phn ng chy : nCO (59) S C ca ancol no hoc anKan = ( Vi nH 2 O > n CO 2 ) nH O nCO V d 1 : t chy mt lng ancol no n chc A c 15,4 gam CO v 9,45 gam H2O . Tm cng thc phn 2 t ca A ? 0,35 nCO S C ca ancol no = = =2 0 ,5 2 5 0 ,3 5 nH O nCO
2 2 2 2 2 2

Vy A c cng thc phn t l C2H6O V d 2: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon A thu c 26,4 gam CO v 16,2 gam H2O . Tm cng 2 thc phn t ca A ? ( Vi nH 2 O = 0,7 mol > n CO 2 = 0,6 mol ) => A l anKan 0,6 nCO S C ca anKan = = =6 0 ,7 0 ,6 nH O nCO Vy A c cng thc phn t l C6H14 10. Cng thc tnh khi lng ancol n chc no hoc hn hp ankan n chc notheo khi lng COv khi 2 lng H2O : mCO (60) mancol = mH O 11 V d : Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol n chc no, mch h thu c 2,24 lt CO ( Ktc ) v 2 7,2 gam H2O. Tnh Khi lng ca ancol ? 4,4 mCO = 7,2 = 6,8 mancol = mH O 11 11
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

11. Cng thc tnh khi lng amino axit A( cha n nhm -NH v m nhm COOH ) khi cho amino axit ny vo 2 dung dch cha a mol HCl, sau cho dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi b mol NaOH. b a (61) mA = MA m V d : Cho m gam glyxin vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol HCl . Dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi 0,5 mol NaOH. Tm m ? ( Mglyxin = 75 ) m = 7 5 0 ,5 0 ,3 = 15 gam 1 12. Cng thc tnh khi lng amino axit A( cha n nhm -NH v m nhm COOH ) khi cho amino axit ny vo 2 dung dch cha a mol NaOH, sau cho dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi b mol HCl. b a mA = MA (62) n V d : Cho m gam alanin vo dung dch cha 0,375 mol NaOH . Dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi 0,575 mol HCl . Tm m ? ( Malanin = 89 ) 0,575 0,375 = 17,8 gam mA = 89 1
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MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

13. Cng thc xc nh cng thc phn t ca mt anken da vo phn t khi ca hn hp anken v Htrc v 2 sau khi dn qua bt Ni nung nng.
Ni AnKen ( M1) + H2 ,tc A (M2) ( phn ng hiro ha anKen hon ton ) ( M 2 2)M 1 (63) S n ca anKen (C 2n ) = nH 14( M 2 M 1 ) V d : Cho X l hn hp gm olefin M v H , c t Khi hi so vi H2 l 5 . Dn X qua bt Ni nung nng 2 phn ng xy ra hon ton c hn hp hi Y c t Khi so vi H l 6,25 . 2 Xc nh cng thc phn t ca M. M1= 10 v M2 = 12,5 (1 2 ,5 2 )1 0 Ta c : n = =3 14(12,5 10) M c cng thc phn t l C3H6 14. Cng thc xc nh cng thc phn t ca mt ankin da vo phn t khi ca hn hp ankin v Htrc v 2 sau khi dn qua bt Ni nung nng. Ni AnKin ( M1) + H2 ,tc A (M2) ( phn ng hiro ha anKin hon ton ) 2( M2 2)M1 S n ca anKin (CnH2n-2 ) = 14( M2 M 1 ) Mx 15.Cng thc tnh hiu sut phn ng hiro ha anken: H % = 2- 2 My
o o

(64) (65) Mx My (66) (67) (68)

16.Cng thc tnh hiu sut phn ng hiro ha anehit no n chc: 17.Cng thc tnh % ankan A tham gia phn ng tch: %A =

H % = 2- 2

MA -1 MX Vh h X 18.Cng thc xc nh phn t ankan A da vo phn ng tch: M = A MX VA

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