L THUYT TRNG IN T V SIU CAO TN

HOC VIN CNG NGH BU CHINH VIN THNG KHOA:K THUT IN T

BI TP IU KIN
H I HC T XA

Hc phn/mn hc: L Thuyt trng in t v siu cao tn Lp: VT108A1,2 K: 5 Tp trung hc: 8./2010... Tp trung thi: ../201........

Thi hn np bi: 15/12/2010

I.YU CU: - Sinh vin chn 1 trong 2 sau - Sinh vin vit tay khng nh my v in II. NI DUNG BI:
s 1 Cu 1: Trnh by tnh cht ca trng in t tnh, trng in t dng, trng in t r r bin thin? Mi quan h gia E v H trong mi loi trng in t ? Cu 2: Trnh by cc thng s c bn v v dng sng ca sng in t phng trong lan truyn trong mi trng vt dn tt ng nht v rng v hn? Cu 3: a) Trnh by s phn cc sng in t, cc loi phn cc sng in t? b) Nu khi nim v sng in t ngang (TEM), sng in ngang (TE) v sng t ngang (TM)? c) V gin bin v gin vect ca sng TE10 trong ng dn sng ch nht? s 2 Cu 1: a) Nu khi nim v sng in t phng, sng tr trn v sng cu. b) Trnh by s phn cc ca sng in t? Cu 2: Trnh by cc thng s c bn v v dng sng ca sng in t phng trong lan truyn trong mi trng in mi l tng ng nht v rng v hn? Cu 3: a) Trnh by cu to, phm vi ng dng ca dy song hnh, cp ng trc, ng dn sng, hp cng hng? b) V gin bin v gin vect ca sng TE01 trong ng dn sng ch nht? H Ni, ngy 12 thng 8 nm 2010 Ging vin 1

Ng c Thin S 2 Cu 1 : a) Khi nim : in trng bin thin s lm sinh ra t trng, t trng bin thin s lm pht sinh in trng. Qu trnh ny c nh vy tip din lm cho trng in t lan truyn ra xa trong khng gian. Trng in t lan truyn di dng sng nn c gi l sng in t - Sng in t phng: l loi sng c mt ng pha l mt phng. - Sng tr trn: l loi sng c mt ng pha l mt tr - Sng cu: l loi sng c mt ng pha l mt cu b) Trnh by s phn cc ca sng in t r r Sng in t mt thi im no hng ca cc vector cng trng E v H c xc nh th gi l sng r r b phn cc. Nu hng ca cc vector cng E v H ca sng thay i mt cch ngu nhin th sng gi l khng b phn cc. Mt phng cha vector cng in trng v phng truyn sng gi l mt phng phn cc. Sng in t phng c nhiu dng phn cc nh: phn cc ellipse, phn cc trn v phn cc thng. Cc dng phn cc trn c nhiu ng dng trong k thut. Phn cc ellipse : Gi s ta nhn t ngun pht sng theo hng truyn sng, nu u cui ca vector cng in trng ca sng vch nn hnh ellipse trong khng gian th gi l sng phn cc ellipse. Chng ta c th phn tch sng phn cc ellipse thnh hai thnh phn sng c cng tn s, cng phng truyn v cc vector cng trng vung gc vi nhau trong khng gian. Gi s ta c hai sng phng nh sau: r r E1 = x0 Emx cos ( t - z) r r E2 = y0 Emy cos ( t - z + ) y Emx, Emy l cc bin ca cc sng thnh phn, l gc lch pha ban u ca hai sng. Vector cng in trng ca sng tng hp s thc hin theo quy tc tng hp 2vector, chng ta hy tm phng trnh cho u cui ca vector cng trng ca sng tng hp. Ta ln lt bnh phng hai v ca cc biu thc trn v bin i i cht s nhn c biu thc sau: 2 2 E1 E2 E1 E2 2 - 2 cos E E = sin (*) + Emy mx my Emx T hnh hc gii tch, ta nhn thy biu thc l phng trnh m t ng cong ellipse trong mt phng ta E1, E2. Ellipse ny c trc ln lm mt gc vi trc ta x. Do vy trong qu trnh truyn sng theo trc z u cui ca vector in trng ca sng tng hp s vch ra mt ng xon trong khng gian. Gi tr ca c th tnh theo biu thc sau: 2 Emx Emy cos tg2 = 2 E mx E 2 my vi Emx > Emy Phn cc trn Trong trng hp thnh phn in trng ca hai sng thnh phn c bin bng nhau: Emx = Emy = Em v lch pha nhau gc = /2 th ta c : sin2 = 1, cos = 0. Nn phng trnh (*) tr thnh: E12 + E22 = Em2 2

y l phng trnh ng trn trong mt phng ta E1, E2. Trong trng hp ny, u cui ca vector in trng v nn ng xon trn trong khng gian. Sng c gi l phn cc trn. Nu nhn theo chiu truyn sng, vector in trng quay theo chiu kim ng h th ta c sng phn cc trn quay phi, trng hp vector in trng quay ngc chiu kim ng h ta gi l sng phn cc trn quay tri. Chiu quay ca vector cng in trng ph thuc vo du ca gc lch pha /2. Phn cc thng r Sng c vector cng trng E lun hng song song theo mt ng thng trong qu trnh truyn sng gi l sng phn cc thng hay phn cc tuyn tnh. Trong trng hp ny gc lch pha ca 2 song thnh phn c gi tr: = 0, , 2, Nn sin = 0, cos = 1 v phng trnh (*) tr v dng: 2 Emy E1 E2 E1 = 0 suy ra E2 = E Emx Emy mx y l phng trnh ng thng i qua gc ta , nghing mt gc so vi trc x l c xc nh bi biu thc : Emy tg = Emx i vi phn cc thng ty theo hng ca vector cng in trng, ngi ta cn phn lm hai trng hp l phn cc ngang v phn cc ng. Cu 2 : Trnh by cc thng s c bn v v dng sng ca sng in t phng trong lan truyn trong mi trng in mi l tng ng nht v rng v hn -Nghin cu cc tnh cht ca sng in t phng ng nht truyn dc theo trc z > 0 trong mi trng in mi l tng ng nht v ng hng rng v hn. V in mi l tng c dn in = 0 nn cc tham s in ca n l cc s thc. Ta c : = 0, = 0

= k =
z p = zc = vph =

1 =v

&2 2 1 1 Em & Ptb = zc H m = 2 2 zc Cc vect cng trng ca sng phng thun trong in mi l tng by gi c dng: r & & r i z H = H mt e r r & & r E = zc [H mt zo ]e i z r & & r i ( t z ) Hay: H = H mt e r r & & r E = zc [H mt zo ]ei (t z ) Ta nhn xt tnh cht ca sng phng trong in mi l tng nh sau: r r - Cc vect E v H lun vung gc vi nhau v vung gc vi phng truyn sng. T trng v in trng lun ng pha v c bin khng i dc theo phng truyn sng. - Vn tc pha ca sng phng bng vn tc truyn sng trong cng mi trng. - Nu mi trng khng tn hao nng lng, khng tn sc sng in t. tr sng l mt s thc. 3

Cu 3 : a) Khi nim - ng dn sng : i vi ng truyn kn, trong n phi c t nht mt mt vt dn kim loi bao bc hon ton vng truyn nng lng siu cao tn. ng truyn kn l cc ng kim loi rng c tit din khc nhau, bn trong c th nht y cc cht in mi ng nht khc nhau hoc khng kh hay chn khng. Chng c gi l ng dn sng. C nhiu loi ng dn sng c dung trong k thut siu cao tn nh: ng dn sng ng trc, ng dn sng ch nht, ng dn sng tr trn - Hp cng hng : di sng siu cao, ngi ta s dng cc mch dao ng c tham s phn b, thng gi l mch cng hng. Hp cng hng l mt vng khng gian hu hn m trong n sau khong thi gian ln hn nhiu chu k dao ng siu cao tn c s tch ly nng lng in t. Hp cng hng thng c dng kn, tc l c bao bc bi thnh kim loi. Tuy nhin cng c hp cng hng dng khng kn nh hp cng hng in mi, hp cng hng h di mm hay di quang hc bao gm hai bn phn x t song song cch nhau mt khong nht nh. Cc hp cng hng kn li chia lm hai loi: 1. Cc hp cng hng c cu trc tng i n gin c to nn t cc on ng dn sng ng nht rng nh: hp cng hng ch nht, hp cng hng tr trn, hp cng hng ng trc, hp cng hng xuyn tm 2. Cc hp cng hng c cu trc phc tp hn nh: hp cng hng hnh xuyn, hp cng hng dng mt khu ca n Manhetron, hp cng hng ng trc c khe h Cc hp cng hng c ng dng trong k thut siu cao lm mch dao ng trong cc lnh vc nh: trong ch dao ng t do n c dng lm hp ting vng kim tra cc trm pht xung. Trong ch dao ng cng bc, hp cng hng ng vai tr ca h cng hng chn lc cho cc thit b thu, pht, o lng. Trong cc dng c in t v bn dn siu cao, hp cng hng to ra khng gian tng tc v trao i nng lng gia trng in t v cc in t hoc l trng to hoc khuch i cc di sng siu cao tn. b) V gin bin v gin vect ca sng TE01 trong ng dn sng ch nht