Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TRNG I HC CN TH
KHOA KHOA HC
----- oOo -----
GIO TRNH MN HC
TIN HC CN BN
MSMH: TH016
- LU HNH NI B - 2005 -
LI NI U
LI NI U
Nhm tc gi
GII THIU MN HC
GII THIU MN HC
Nhm tc gi
D liu
X l
Nhp
Xut
Thng tin
K hiu
B
KB
MB
GB
TB
Gi tr
8 bit
210 B = 1024 Byte
220 B
230 B
240 B
Trang 1
X L
(PROCESSING)
LU TR (STORAGE)
Hnh 1.2: M hnh tng qut qu trnh x l thng tin
N (b ) =
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
a .b
i= m
Trang 2
101 = 10
102 = 100
103 = 1000
1
10
V d: 254.68
10
1
100
10
1
1000
...
10 100
Trang 3
S v tr :
Tr v tr :
24
23
22
H 10 l :
16
-1
-2
21
20
2-1
2-2
0.5
0.25
nh vy:
11101.11(2) = 1x16 + 1x8 + 1x4 + 0x2 + 1x1 + 1x0.5 + 1x0.25 = 29.75 (10)
s 10101 (h 2) sang h thp phn s l:
10101(2) = 1x24 + 0x23 + 1x22 + 0x21 + 1x20 = 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 21(10)
H 2
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
H 8
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
H 16
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
Trang 4
s d
(remainders)
Kt qu:
12(10) = 1100(2)
Kt qu:
0. 6875
x 2 = 1 . 375
0. 3750
x 2 = 0 . 75
0. 75
x2 =1.5
0. 5
x2 =1.0
0.6875(10) = 0.1011(2)
AND(x, y)
OR(x, y)
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
Trang 5
Biu din k t
NUL (k t rng)
1 - 31
31 k t iu khin
32 - 47
48 - 57
k s t 0 n 9
58 - 64
cc du : ; < = > ? @
65 - 90
cc ch in hoa t A n Z
91 - 96
cc du [ \ ] _ `
97 - 122
cc ch thng t a n z
123 - 127
cc du { | } ~ DEL (xa)
1.3 TIN HC
1.3.1 Cc lnh vc nghin cu ca tin hc
Tin hc (Informatics) c nh ngha l ngnh khoa hc nghin cu cc phng
php, cng ngh v k thut x l thng tin t ng. Cng c ch yu ca tin hc l my
tnh in t v cc thit b truyn tin khc. Vic nghin cu chnh ca tin hc nhm vo hai
k thut pht trin song song:
Trang 6
T ng ha cng tc vn phng
Thng k
Gio dc
c bit ngy nay, vi vic ng dng Internet, nhn loi ang c hng li t
nhng dch v minh:
Th in t
Th vin in t
E_Learning
Thng mi in t
Chnh ph in t,
Trang 7
Trang 8
0
NUL
0
SOH
1
STX
2
6
BEL
7
BS
8
HT
9
LF
10
VT
11
FF
12
CR
13
SO
14
SI
15
1
DLE
16
DC1
17
DC2
18
DC3
19
DC4
20
NAK
21
SYN
22
ETB
23
CAN
24
EM
25
SUB
26
ESC
27
FS
28
GS
29
RS
30
US
31
2
SP
32
!
33
34
#
35
$
36
%
37
&
38
39
(
40
)
41
*
42
+
43
,
44
45
.
46
/
47
3
0
48
1
49
2
50
3
51
4
52
5
53
6
54
7
55
8
56
9
57
:
58
;
59
<
60
=
61
>
62
?
63
4
@
64
A
65
B
66
C
67
D
68
E
69
F
70
G
71
H
72
I
73
J
74
K
75
L
76
M
77
N
78
O
79
5
P
6
`
80
Q
p
96
a
81
97
82
98
83
d
e
86
g
103
h
88
104
I
89
Z
105
j
90
[
106
k
91
\
107
l
92
117
v
102
87
X
116
101
f
115
100
85
V
114
s
99
84
U
113
r
112
q
108
]
m
93
109
^
n
94
110
_
o
95
111
118
w
119
x
120
y
121
z
122
{
123
|
124
}
125
~
126
DEL
127
Trang 8
128
1
146
132
133
164
149
134
165
150
135
166
151
136
167
152
137
168
153
138
169
154
139
170
155
140
171
156
141
172
157
142
173
158
189
174
190
175
191
252
237
222
207
236
221
206
251
235
220
205
250
234
219
204
249
159
188
233
218
203
248
187
232
217
202
247
186
231
216
201
246
185
230
215
200
245
184
229
214
199
244
183
228
213
198
182
243
242
227
212
197
181
241
226
211
196
180
210
195
240
225
224
209
194
179
143
163
148
178
208
193
192
177
162
147
176
161
131
160
145
130
144
129
2
253
238
254
239
255
223
Trang 9
Thit b
Nhp
(Input)
Khi iu khin
CU (Control
Unit)
Khi lm tnh
ALU (Arithmetic
Logic Unit)
Thit b
Xut
(Output)
2.1.1 B nh
B nh l thit b lu tr thng tin trong qu trnh my tnh x l. B nh bao gm
b nh trong v b nh ngoi.
B nh trong: gm ROM v RAM :
- ROM (Read Only Memory) l B nh ch c thng tin, dng lu tr cc
chng trnh h thng, chng trnh iu khin vic nhp xut c s (ROM-BIOS : ROMBasic Input/Output System). Thng tin trn ROM ghi vo v khng th thay i, khng b
mt ngay c khi khng c in.
- RAM (Random Access Memory) l B nh truy xut ngu nhin, c dng
lu tr d kin v chng trnh trong qu trnh thao tc v tnh ton. RAM c c im l
ni dung thng tin cha trong n s mt i khi mt in hoc tt my. Dung lng b nh
RAM cho cc my tnh hin nay thng thng vo khong 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB v
c th hn na.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Trang 10
Floppy disk
Compact disk
Trang 11
Cc thit b nhp:
Cc thit b xut:
- Mn hnh (Screen hay Monitor, thit b xut chun): dng th hin thng tin cho
ngi s dng xem. Thng tin c th hin ra mn hnh bng phng php nh x b nh
(memory mapping), vi cch ny mn hnh ch vic c lin tc b nh v hin th
(display) bt k thng tin no hin c trong vng nh ra mn hnh.
Mn hnh ph bin hin nay trn th trng l mn hnh mu SVGA 15,17, 19 vi
phn gii c th t 1280 X 1024 pixel.
- My in (Printer): l thit b xut a thng tin ra giy. My in ph bin hin nay
l loi my in ma trn im (dot matrix) loi 24 kim, my in phun mc, my in laser trng
en hoc mu.
- My chiu (Projector): chc nng tng t mn hnh, thng c s dng thay
cho mn hnh trong cc bui Seminar, bo co, thuyt trnh,
Mn hnh (Monitor/Screen)
K my tnh (Computer case)
a (Drive)
Con chut (Mouse)
Bn phm (Keyboard)
Trang 12
Trang 13
Chng 3: H IU HNH
CHNG 3: H IU HNH
--- oOo ---
QBASIC.EXE
AUTOEXEC.BAT
M_TEST
phn m rng
Trang 14
Chng 3: H IU HNH
Du ? dng i din cho mt k t bt k trong tn tp tin ti v tr n xut hin.
Du * dng i din cho mt chui k t bt k trong tn tp tin t v tr n xut
hin.
V d:
Bai?.doc
Bai*.doc
BaiTap.*
3.2.3 a (Drive)
a l thit b dng c v ghi thng tin, cc a thng dng l:
- a mm: thng c tn l a A:, dng cho vic c v ghi thng tin ln a
mm.
- a cng: c t tn l C:,D:,... c tc truy xut d liu nhanh hn a
mm nhiu ln. Mt my tnh c th c mt hoc nhiu a cng.
- a CD: c cc loi nh: loi ch c th c gi l a CD-ROM, loi khc cn
c th ghi d liu ra a CD gi l CD-RW, ngoi ra cn c a DVD.
3.2.4 ng dn (Path)
Khi s dng th mc nhiu cp (cy th mc) th ta cn ch r th mc cn truy xut.
ng dn dng ch ng i n th mc cn truy xut (th mc sau cng). ng
dn l mt dy cc th mc lin tip nhau v c phn cch bi k hiu \ (du x phi:
backslash).
V d: Gi s trn a S c cy th mc:
S:\
ng dn ca th mc Phan I:
Ly Thuyet
Phan I
Phan II
Thuc Hanh
Windows
Word
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Can Ban
Nang Cao
ng dn ca th mc Nang Cao:
S:\Thuc Hanh\ Word\ NangTrang
Cao 15
Chng 3: H IU HNH
Trang 16
Chng 3: H IU HNH
Mi ngi s dng s c mt tp hp thng tin v cc la chn t thit lp cho mnh
(nh dng v mn hnh, cc chng trnh t ng chy khi khi ng my, ti nguyn/
chng trnh c php s dng, v.v...) gi l user profile v c Windows XP lu gi
li s dng cho nhng ln khi ng sau.
ng Windows XP:
Khi mun thot khi Windows XP, bn phi ng tt c cc ca s ang m. Tip
theo bn nhn t hp phm Alt + F4 hoc chn menu Start (nu khng nhn thy nt Start
pha di bn gc tri mn hnh th bn nhn t hp phm Ctrl + Esc) v chn Turn Off
Computer. Sau thao tc ny mt hp thoi s xut hin nh bn di.
Nu bn chn Turn Off, ng dng ang
chy s c ng li v my s t ng tt.
Nu v mt l do no m my tnh khng
sn sng ng (cha lu d liu cho mt
ng dng hoc s trao i thng tin gia hai
my ni mng ang tip din v.v..) th s c
thng bo x l.
Ch : nu khng lm nhng thao tc
ng Windows nh va ni trn m tt
my ngay th c th s xy ra vic tht lc
mt phn ca ni dung cc tp tin dn n
trc trc khi khi ng li ln s dng tip
theo.
My Computer
Trang 17
Chng 3: H IU HNH
- a s chut hin nay c bnh xe trt hoc nt y gia dng cun mn
hnh lm vic c nhanh hn v thun tin hn.
- Trong Windows cc thao tc c thc hin mc nhin vi nt chut tri, v
vy trnh lp li, khi ni Click (nhn chut) hoc D_Click (nhn p chut) th c
ngm hiu l nt chut tri. Khi no cn thao tc vi nt chut phi s m t r rng.
Biu
t
Li
tt
Thanh
tc v
St t
Trang 18
Hnh 3.3: Ca s My Computer
Chng 3: H IU HNH
Theo ngm nh ca s ny cha biu tng ca tt c cc a mm, a cng
cc b, a CD, ...
Khi D_Click trn cc biu tng trong ca s ny s c cc ca s cp nh hn c
m. Do , bng cch m dn cc ca s t ngoi vo trong bn c th duyt tt c ti
nguyn cha trong my tnh.
My Network Places
Nu m ca s My Network Places bn s thy tn v cc ti nguyn ca cc my
tnh trong mng my tnh cc b (LAN) ca bn. T y bn c th truy cp cc ti nguyn
c chia s m bn c cp quyn s dng.
Recycle Bin
Recycle Bin l ni lu tr tm thi cc tp tin v cc i tng b xo. Nhng i
tng ny ch tht s mt khi bn xa chng trong ca s Recycle Bin hoc R_Click vo
biu tng Recycle Bin ri chn Empty Recycle Bin. Nu mun phc hi cc tp tin hoc
cc i tng b xa, bn chn i tng cn phc hi trong ca s Recycle Bin, sau
R_Click/ Restore.
Folder
Folder c gi l tp h s hay biu tng nhm hay th mc. Folder l ni
qun l cc Folder khc (cp thp hn) v cc tp tin.
Menu Start
Khi Click ln nt Start trn thanh Taskbar, thc n Start s c m v sn sng
thi hnh cc chng trnh ng dng. Ngoi ra trn thc n ny bn cn c th thc hin
cc thao tc tm kim v nh cu hnh cho my tnh.
Cc li tt (biu tng chng trnh - Shortcuts)
Cc li tt gip bn truy nhp nhanh mt i tng no , v d mt
chng trnh, mt a cng, mt th mc v.v... m 1 i tng, bn
D_Click trn Shortcut ca n hoc R_Click/Open.
Menu i tng
Trong Windows XP khi bn R_Click trn mt biu tng ca mt i tng, mt
menu tng ng vi i tng s c m ra bn chn cc lnh trn i tng .
Trong cc phn tip theo, nhng menu nh vy s c gi l menu i tng.
Title bar
Menu bar
Minimize
Maximize/Restore
Toolbar
Status bar
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Chng 3: H IU HNH
Cc thao tc trn mt ca s
- Di chuyn ca s: Drag thanh tiu ca s (Title bar) n v tr mi.
- Thay i kch thc ca ca s: Di chuyn con tr chut n cnh hoc gc ca s,
khi con tr chut bin thnh hnh mi tn hai chiu th Drag cho n khi t c kch
thc mong mun.
- Phng to ca s ra ton mn hnh: Click ln nt Maximize
Tn hp thoi
Cc lp
Tr gip
(Help)
Hp vn bn
(Text box)
Hp lit k th
(Drop down
list box)
Hp lit k
(List box)
Hp kim tra
(Check box)
Khung hin th
(Preview)
Nt lnh
(Command)
Hnh 3.5: Cc thnh phn ca hp hi thoi
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Trang 20
Chng 3: H IU HNH
Thng thng, trn mt hp hi thoi s c cc thnh phn sau:
9 Hp vn bn (Text box): dng nhp thng tin.
9 Hp lit k (List box): lit k sn mt danh sch c cc mc c th chn la, nu s
mc trong danh sch nhiu khng th lit k ht th s xut hin thanh trt cun
danh sch.
9 Hp lit k th (Drop down list box/ Combo box): khi nhp chut vo nt th th s
bung xung mt danh sch, trong lit k cc mc v cho chn.
9 Hp kim tra (Check box): cho php chn mt
hoc nhiu mc khng loi tr ln nhau.
9 Nt tu chn (Option button): bt buc phi
chn mt trong s cc mc. Nhng la chn ny
l loi tr ln nhau.
9 Nt lnh (Command button): dng xc nhn
lnh cn thc thi.
Cc nt lnh thng dng:
Hnh 3.6: Cc tu chn
o OK: thc hin lnh theo thng s chn.
o Close: gi li cc thng s chn v ng hp thoi.
o Cancel (hay nhn phm Esc): khng thc hin lnh v ng hp thoi.
o Apply: p dng cc thng s chn.
o Default: t mc nh theo cc thng s chn.
Trang 21
Chng 3: H IU HNH
9 Khi ng t cc Folder
Khi tn ca mt chng trnh ng dng khng hin ra trn menu Start th cch tin
li nht bn khi ng n l m t cc Folder, D_Click hoc R_Click/ Open trn biu
tng ca chng trnh ng dng cn m hoc trn biu tng ca mt tp tin tng ng.
Trang 22
Chng 3: H IU HNH
Tm kim tp tin v th mc
Chn lnh Start/ Search/ For Files or Folders, s xut hin ca s Search Results, bn
Click chn All files and folders.
Trang 23
Chng 3: H IU HNH
Ngoi ra ta c th thay i cc la chn c th tm nhanh v chnh xc hn vi cc
thuc tnh nh sau:
When was it modified?
Cho php tm kim cc tp tin v th mc da theo ngy sa i.
Trong mc ny cc ty chn p dng cho nhng tp tin v th mc c to ra
hoc c sa i trong mt khong thi gian no . Chn khai bo thi gian theo mt
trong cc la chn vi ngha:
Dont remember: khng xc nh thi gian (tm tt c).
Within the last week: tm cc tp tin trong
vng 1 tun gn y nht.
Past month: tm cc tp tin trong vng 1 thng
gn y nht.
Within the past year: tm cc tp tin trong vng
1 nm gn y nht.
Specify dates: tm cc tp tin trong mt khong
thi gian xc nh. C th chn theo ngy to
(Created Date), ngy cp nht (Modified Date),
hay ngy truy cp (Accessed Date).
Chng 3: H IU HNH
Search subfolders: tm/ khng tm trong th mc con.
Case Sensitive: phn bit/ khng phn bit ch hoa/ thng.
Search tape backup: tm/ khng tm trong a d phng.
Sau khi khai bo xong cc d liu tm kim, Click nt Search, chng trnh s tin
hnh tm v thng bo kt qu.
Lm vic vi cc kt qu tm kim
Sau khi tm kim, chng trnh a ra kt qu tm kim pha bn phi ca hp
thoi Search Results. Bn c th lm vic vi ca s kt qu nh vi mt ca s tp h s
thng thng (nh thay i th t sp xp hoc dng cc lnh ca menu View hin th
cc kiu th hin khc nhau, kim tra tnh cht ca cc i tng trong danh sch kt qu
v.v...). Bn cng c th khi ng mt i tng va tm thy bng cch D_Click trn tn
ca i tng .
Desktop
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Trang 25
Chng 3: H IU HNH
Chn nh nn cho Desktop bng cch Click chn cc nh nn c sn hoc Click vo
nt Browse chn tp tin nh khng c trong danh sch nhng nh c sn.
Screen Saver
Thit lp ch bo v mn hnh, cho php chn cc chng trnh Screen Saver
c ci sn trong my v cho php thit lp mt khu thot khi ch Screen Saver.
Ch khi no bn nhp ng mt khu th chng trnh Screen Saver mi cho php bn tr
v ch lm vic bnh thng.
Appearance:
Thay i mu sc, Font ch v c ch ca cc Menu, Shortcut, Title bar.
Settings:
Thay i ch mu v phn gii ca mn hnh.
- Ch mu cng cao th hnh nh cng p v r nt. Cc ch mu ph bin l
256 mu, 64.000 mu (16 bits) , 16 triu mu (24 bits). Ch mu trn mi my tnh c
th khc nhau ty thuc vo dung lng b nh ca card mn hnh.
- phn gii cng ln th mn hnh cng hin th c nhiu thng tin nhng cc
i tng trn mn hnh s thu nh li. Cc ch phn gii mn hnh thng dng l
640x480, 800x600, 1024x768. Tu theo loi mn hnh m Windows c th hin th cc ch
phn gii khc nhau.
Trang 26
Hnh 3.15: Nhm Change or Remove
Programs
Chng 3: H IU HNH
Nhm Change or Remove Programs: cho php cp nht hay loi b chng trnh ng
dng c sn.
- Chn chng trnh mun cp nht/ loi b.
- Chn Change cp nht chng trnh hay Remove loi b khi khng cn s
dng na.
Trang 27
Hnh 3.18: nh ngy gi
Chng 3: H IU HNH
- Time Zone: thay i mi gi, cho php chnh li cc gi tr mi gi theo khu vc
hoc tn cc thnh ph ln.
- Internet Time: cho php ng b ho theo gi ca my ch Internet.
Trang 28
Hnh 3.21: Thay i nh dng s
Chng 3: H IU HNH
Lp Regional Options: Thay i thuc tnh vng (M, Php,...), vic chn mt vng
no s ko theo s thay i cc thuc tnh ca Windows.
Click chn Customize, ca s Customize Regional Options xut hin cho php thay
i quy c v s, tin t, thi gian, ngy thng.
Number: Thay i nh dng s, cho php nh dng vic hin th gi tr s:
- Decimal symbol: Thay i k hiu phn cch hng thp phn.
- No. of digits after decimal: Thay i s cc s l phn thp phn.
- Digit grouping symbol: Thay i k hiu phn nhm hng ngn.
- Digit grouping: Thay i s k s trong mt nhm (mc nhin l 3).
- Negative sign symbol: Thay i k hiu ca s m.
- Negative number format: Thay i dng th hin ca s m.
- Display leading zeroes: Hin th hay khng hin th s 0 trong cc s ch c phn
thp phn: 0.7 hay .7.
- Measurement system: Chn h thng o lng nh cm, inch,
- List separator: Chn du phn cch gia cc mc trong mt danh sch.
Currency: Thay i nh dng tin t ($,VND,...)
Time: Thay i nh dng thi gian, cho php bn nh dng th hin gi trong
ngy theo ch 12 gi hay 24 gi
Date: Thay i nh dng ngy thng
(Date), cho php bn chn cch th hin d
liu ngy theo 1 tiu chun no .
Short date format: cho php chn quy
c nhp d liu ngy thng.
V d: ngy/thng/nm (d/m/yy)
hoc thng/ngy/nm (m/d/yy)
Quy c:
d/ D (date): dng ch ngy
m/ M (month): dng ch thng
y/ Y (year): dng ch nm
Hnh 3.22: Thay i nh dng ngy thng
3.5 MY IN
Trong phn ny s gii thiu mt s thao tc c bn trn my in nh ci t my in
mi, nh cu hnh cho my in, qun l vic in n,
3.5.1 Ci t thm my in
Vi mt s my in thng dng Windows tch hp sn chng trnh iu khin
(driver) ca cc my in, tuy nhin cng c nhng my in m trong Windows khng c sn
driver, trong trng hp ny ta cn phi c a driver i km vi my in.
Cc bc ci t my in:
- Chn lnh Start/ Settings/ Printers and Faxes
- Click chn Add a Printer, xut hin hp thoi Add Printer Wizard
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Trang 29
Chng 3: H IU HNH
- Lm theo cc bc hng dn ca trnh Wizard.
3.5.2 Loi b my in ci t
- Chn lnh Start/ Settings/ Printers and Faxes
- Click chut chn my in mun loi b
- Nhn phm Delete, sau chn Yes b, ngc li th chn No.
3.5.3 Thit lp my in mc nh
Nu my tnh c ci nhiu my in, ta c th mt my in lm t my in mc nh
bng cch chn my in ri chn File/ Set as Default Printer hoc R_Click/ Set as
Default Printer.
Trang 30
Hnh 3.24: Lp Taskbar
Chng 3: H IU HNH
- Show the Clock: cho hin th ng h trn thanh Taskbar
- Hide inactive icons: cho n biu tng cc chng trnh khng c kch hot.
Lp Start Menu
Cho php chn hin th Menu Start theo dng c (Classic Start Menu) hay dng mi
(Start Menu).
Click chn lnh Customize, ca s Customize xut hin theo dng c nh hnh 3.26
cho php thc hin mt s thay i cho Menu Start.
Nt Add: thm mt biu tng chng trnh (Shortcut) vo menu Start.
Nt Remove: xa b cc biu tng nhm (Folder) v cc biu tng chng
trnh trong menu Start.
Nt Clear: xa cc tn tp tin trong nhm Documents trong menu Start.
Trang 31
Hnh 3.27: Ca s Start Menu
Chng 3: H IU HNH
Chn Folder/ Shortcut cn xa v nhn phm Delete.
9 i tn Folder/ Shortcut
R_Click vo Folder/ Shortcut cn i tn, chn Rename, nhp tn mi.
Trang 32
Th mc
(Folder)
a
(Drive)
Tp tin
(File)
Cy th mc
Trang 33
Trang 34
Hnh 4.2: Chn lnh m tp tin
4.2.3. To th mc
- Chn ni cha th mc cn to (th mc/ a ca s bn tri).
- Chn menu File/ New/ Folder hoc R_Click/ New/ Folder.
- Nhp tn th mc mi, sau g Enter kt thc.
4.2.6. Xo th mc v tp tin
- Chn cc th mc v tp tin cn xa.
- Chn File/ Delete
hoc: Nhn phm Delete
hoc: R_Click v chn mc Delete.
- Xc nhn c thc s mun xo hay khng (Yes/ No)
Trang 35
4.2.8. i tn th mc v tp tin
- Chn i tng mun i tn
- Thc hin lnh File/ Rename hoc nhn phm F2 hoc R_Click trn i tng v
chn mc Rename
- Nhp tn mi, sau g Enter kt thc.
Ghi ch: vi tp tin ang s dng th cc thao tc di chuyn, xo, i tn khng th
thc hin c.
4.3. THAO TC VI CC LI TT
(Shortcuts)
4.3.1. To li tt trn mn hnh nn
R_Click ln mn hnh nn, chn New/ Shortcut.
Trong mc Type the location of the item, nhp
ng dn ca i tng cn to li tt ( a/ th
mc/ tp tin, ) hoc Click ln nt Brown
chn ng dn cho i tng. Click Next qua
bc k tip.
Nhp tn cho li tt cn to.
Click Finish hon thnh .
4.3.2. Cc thao tc vi li tt
Hnh 4.3: To li tt
i tn cho li tt.
-
Nhn Enter.
Xo b li tt
-
Chn li tt cn xo.
Trang 36
4.4. Thao tc vI a
4.4.1. Sao chp a mm:
Bn thc hin cc thao tc nh sau:
- a a ngun vo a mm.
- R_Click vo biu tng a mm, chn mc Copy Disk, sau chn Start.
- Khi xut hin hp thng bo Copy disk, th bn ly a ngun ra v a a ch
vo, nhp OK.
Ch : ton b d liu trong a ch s b xo v khng th phc hi c.
4.4.2. nh dng a
- R_Click vo tn ca a (c th a mm hoc a
cng) cn nh dng, sau chn mc Format.
- Nu mun t tn cho a th nhp vo mc Volume
label, mun nh dng nhanh (ch xo d liu) th chn mc
Quick Format, mun dng lm a khi ng th chn mc
Create an MS-DOS startup disk.
- Nhp chn Start tin hnh nh dng.
Ch : d liu trong a s b xo hon ton, khng th
phc hi c.
Hnh 4.4: nh dng a
Trang 37
Hnh 4.5: Thng tin ca a
Trang 38
Bng m
VNI
VNI Windows
VNI-Times
Vietware_X (2 byte)
Vietware
Vietware_F (1 byte)
Vietware
TCVN3
TCVN3
.VnTime
Unicode
Unicode
Trang 39
Kiu Telex
aa
ee
oo
Ow; [
uw; w; ]
aw
dd
Kiu VNI
a6
e6
o6
o7
u7
a8
d9
Du
sc
huyn
hi
ng
nng
Kiu Telex
Kiu VNI
V d: mun g ch cn th
Kiu Telex: caanf thow hoc caafn thow
Kiu VNI : ca6n2 tho7 hoc ca62n tho7
Ghi ch: Bn c th b du lin sau nguyn m hoc b du sau khi nhp xong
mt t, nu b du sai th ch cn b du li ch khng cn phi xa t mi nhp.
5.2. S DNG
VIETKEY
5.2.2. Cc thao tc c bn
Bt/ tt ting Vit
Click vo biu tng ca Vietkey (
thanh Taskbar) bt/tt ch g ting Vit.
Nu biu tng l th ch g ting Vit
ang bt, l th ch g ting Vit ang
tt. Bn cng c th s dng t hp phm
ALT-Z bt/ tt ch g ting Vit.
Hin th ca s Vietkey
Trang 40
Hnh 5.2: Chng trnh Vietkey
Trang 41
Thay i bng m
- Chn mc Bng m (hoc Char sets) trong
ca s Vietkey, hp thoi xut hin nh hnh bn.
- Chn bng m cn i trong hp ty chn.
- Ngoi ra bn c th chn cc bng m
thng hay s dng trong menu i tng ca
Vietkey bng cch R_Click vo biu tng ca
Vietkey trn thanh Taskbar. Bng m hin hnh
c nh du bng k hiu ; (xem hnh 5.1)
Thay i kiu g
Trang 42
5.3.2. Cc thao tc c bn
Bt/ tt ting Vit
Click vo biu tng ca Unikey ( thanh Taskbar) bt/ tt ch g ting Vit,
nu biu tng l th ch g ting Vit ang bt, l
th ch g ting Vit ang
tt. Bn cng c th s dng t hp phm ALT + Z hoc Ctrl + Shift (xem bng iu khin
ca Unikey nh hnh 5.6) bt/ tt ch g ting Vit.
Hp thoi ca Unikey c 2 ch :
- Ch m rng: cho php t tt c thng s hot ng ca Unikey
- Ch thu nh: ch t cc thng s thng s dng nht
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Trang 43
Chn OK
Trang 44
5.4.3. Chn bi tp
Cho php chn bi tp ph hp vi kh nng s dng bn phm ca bn (Hnh 5.8).
9
Trang 45
6.1. BO V D LIU
6.1.1. Gii thiu
Vic bo v d liu l vn m tt c cc ngi s dng my tnh phi quan tm.
D liu ca mi ngi dng c th khc nhau t cc tp tin vn bn n cc chng trnh
my tnh hoc cc d liu rt quan trng nh ti khon trong ngn hng, b mt quc gia.
Vic bo v d liu cng c nhng mc khc nhau ty vo tm quan trng ca d liu.
Cc tc nhn c th gy hi n d liu nh sau:
- Ha hon, thin tai, s c v phn cng, phn mm, Virus my tnh.
- S ph hoi ca gin ip, ca cc tin tc, s v ca ngi dng.
6.1.2. Nguyn tc bo v
Ty thuc vo tm quan trng ca d liu m ta s p dng nhng cch bo v khc
nhau, i vi nhng d liu thng thng th cch bo v hu hiu nht l to ra cc bn
sao ca d liu, cc bn sao ny c th c lu trn a mm, a nn hoc a CDROM. i vi cc d liu quan trng th ngi ta thng t ra cc qui tc rt nghim ngt
bt buc tt c cc ngi dng phi tun theo.
Trang 46
Trang 47
Trang 48
Nhn chut phi vo biu tng ca VirusScan chn On-Demand Scan kch
hot ca s dit virus.
Chn Add, Edit, Remove thm, thay i hoc loi b nhng i tng s c
kim tra virus.
Ty chn:
+ Include subfolders: kim tra v dit c nhng th mc con.
+ Scan boot sectors: kim tra v dit trong boot sectors.
Trang 49
Nhn Start bt u
Trang 50
Trang 121
Vng nhp
d liu
Ch
Tn Sheet
Trang 122
Trang 123
Trang 124
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1,234.56
$1234.56
$1,234.56
25%
2.5E-1
Trang 125
1
2
Trang 126
=SQRT(A1)+10*B3
=RIGHT(Microsoft Excel,5)
=MAX(3,-7,0,SUM(A2:A10))
u tin ca cc ton t
U TIN
TON T
NGHA
()
Du ngoc n
Lu tha
Du cho s m
*, /
Nhn/ chia
+, -
Cng/ tr
=, <>
>, >=
<, <=
NOT
Ph nh
AND
OR
10
&
NOT (A)
True
True
False
False
AND (A, B)
False
False
False
True
OR (A, B)
False
True
True
True
Trang 127
a ch tng i
- Qui c vit: <tn ct><ch s hng>, chng hn A1, B2, ...
=A1+1
a ch tuyt i
- Qui c vit: $<tn ct>$<ch s hng>, chng hn $A$1, $B$2, ...
- Khi sao chp cng thc th cc a ch loi ny s khng bao gi thay i.
V d: Gi s C3 c cng thc =$A$1+1
Khi sao chp cng thc ny ti D5 th
cng thc ti D5 vn l =$A$1+1
=$A$1+1
=$A$1+1
Trang 128
a ch bn tuyt i (a ch hn hp)
- Qui c vit: ct tuyt i: $<tn ct><ch s hng>
hng tuyt i: <tn ct>$<ch s hng>, chng hn $A1, B$2, ...
- Khi sao chp cng thc th cc a ch loi ny ch thay i thnh phn tng i
cn thnh phn tuyt i th khng thay i.
V d:
=A$1+1
=$A1+1
=B$1+1
=$A3+1
Hnh 15.10: a ch hn hp
Ghi ch : C th s dng phm F4 lun chuyn gia cc loi a ch trn.
=$C$3
=C3
=C$3
=$C3
Hnh 15.11: Chuyn i gia cc loi a ch
Nguyn nhn
# DIV/0!
#N/A
#NAME?
#NULL!
#NUM!
#REF!
#VALUE!
Trang 129
t tn cho vng
1
2
4
5
Hnh 16.1: Cc loi vng v cc chn
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Trang 130
3. Chn hng.
2. Chn ct.
Loi vng
Vng ch mt
Cch chn
Click vo cn chn.
- Mouse: Drag t u n cui ca vng.
Nhiu cch
khong
Nhiu vng cch
khong
Nguyn ct
Nguyn dng
Ton b Sheet
Mt phn ca
Tt c
nh dng
Ni dung
Ghi ch
Hnh 16.3: Xo b d liu
Trang 131
Khi Drag ti Fill handle xung pha di hoc sang phi, AutoFill s to ra dy cc
gi tr tng ln da theo mu trong dy c chn. Khi bn Drag ti Fill handle ln
pha trn hoc sang tri, AutoFill s to ra dy cc gi tr gim dn cng da trn mu .
Drag vo
Fill handle
AutoFill
AutoFill
Hnh 16.4: T ng in d liu
Ngoi tnh nng AutoFill, bn cn c th s dng b lnh Fill t menu Edit thc
hin nhng sao chp n gin.
- in ln (Up), xung (Down), sang phi (Right) v tri (Left)
Trang 132
Drag chut vo y
Hnh 16.8: Di chuyn d liu
Trang 133
b. Thm ct (Column)
+ Chn cc ct m ti mun chn thm ct mi vo.
+ Vo menu Insert/ Columns; hoc R_Click, chn Insert.
Lu : ct mi c thm vo s y ct c chn sang bn phi.
c. Thm mi
+ Chn cc hoc a con tr n m ti mun chn cc trng vo.
+ Vo menu Insert/ Cells; hoc R_Click, chn Insert..., xut hin hp thoi sau:
1. Chn 1 hoc nhiu , d liu ca
hin hnh b y sang phi.
1
2
3
4
3. Chn hng.
4. Chn ct.
1
2
3
4
4. Xo ct.
Hnh 16.10: Xo
Trang 134
b. Lnh Redo
Lnh Redo dng hy b thao tc Undo va thc hin.
Menu Edit/ Redo; hoc Click vo nt Redo
b. Lnh Repeat
Lnh Repeat dng lp li thao tc va thc hin.
Menu Edit/ Repeat; hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl +Y.
Trang 135
Cng dng
V d
General
Number
3.14159
(1,234.57)
Currency
$ 15.25
VND 500
15.75
15234
$
$
75.50
5.50
09/12/2003
Sep-12-03
Date
Time
2:30 PM
14:30:20
Percentage
184%
24.152%
Fraction
Scientific
Text
1/5
1.25E+3
2.0E-2
0123
Trang 136
Custom
9810-123
12-34-56
INV-0075
25/12/2003
Trang 137
3
1
Trang 138
- Top
: canh l trn.
- Left
: canh l tri.
- Center
: canh l gia.
- Center
: canh l gia.
- Bottom
: canh l di.
- Right
: canh l phi.
- Justify
- Fill
: lp d liu y .
- Justify
16.3.3. nh dng k t
D liu trong c th nh dng k t theo cc thnh phn: Font (kiu ch), Font
Style (loi nghing, m, gch di ...), Size (kch c ch), v Effects (hiu ng).
Chn lnh Format/ Cells/ Chn lp Font, bn chn thay i cc thnh phn tng t
nh vi hp thoi Font ca Word.
Ghi ch:
C th nh dng nhanh vic canh l v nh dng k t bng cch s dng cc nt
cng c trn thanh Formatting hoc phm g tt tng ng.
T mu nn nhanh: S dng
thanh cng c.
-
Xc nh khi cn nh dng.
Trang 140
M tp tin mi
Chn File/New hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + N hoc nhn nt
M tp tin c trn a
, xut hin hp
1. Chn a v th mc
cha tp tin cn m.
2. Chn tp tin cn m
hoc nhp y
ng dn v tn tp tin
cn m.
3. M tp tin
chn .
16.4.2. Lu tp tin
Lu tp tin ln u tin
Chn File/Save hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + S hoc nhn nt
, xut hin hp
thoi:
1. Chn a,
th mc cha
tp tin cn lu.
2. Nhp tn tp
tin cn lu.
3. Lu tp
tin li.
Trang 141
Lu tp tin t ln th hai tr i
+ Lu vo cng tp tin: tng t nh ln lu u tin v Excel s t ng lu tr
nhng thay i m khng yu cu t tn (khng xut hin hp thoi Save As).
+ Lu thnh tp tin mi: vo menu File/ Save as xut hin hp thoi Save as nh
trn v cho php t tn tp tin mi.
16.4.3. ng tp tin
Dng ng tp tin hin hnh, bn phi lu tp tin trc khi ng, nu tp tin c
cp nht m cha lu li th Excel s hin thng bo nhc nh:
Trang 142
Cc hm trong
nhm chn
C php ca
hm ang chn
Chc nng ca
hm ang chn
Cc gi tr s:
Trang 143
Mt chui k t:
Mt hm khc:
Tn ca mt vng:
=A4 * DON_GIA
Trang 144
ngha v v d
ABS(number)
Tr v gi tr tuyt i ca mt s thc.
=ABS(12 - 20) 8
INT(number)
MOD(number, divisor)
ODD(number)
RAND( )
ROUND(number, num_digits)
SQRT(number)
Trang 145
ngha v v d
Tr v gi tr ln nht ca cc gi tr s trong
danh sch tham s.
=MAX(1, 2, 3, 5) 5
Tr v gi tr nh nht ca cc gi tr s trong
danh sch tham s.
=MIN(1, 2, 3, 5) 1
COUNTBLANK(range)
COUNTIF(range, criteria)
Trang 146
ngha v v d
Tr v gi tr TRUE nu tt c cc iu kin u l
AND(logical1, logical2, ) TRUE.
=AND(3>2, 5<8, 9>-12) TRUE
OR(logical1, logical2, )
NOT(logical)
Ly ph nh ca gi tr logical.
=NOT(2>3) TRUE
IF(logical_test,
value_if_true,
value_if_false)
ngha v v d
LOWER(text)
UPPER(text)
PROPER(text)
TRIM(text)
LEN(text)
LEFT(text, num_chars)
RIGHT(text, num_chars)
MID(text, start_num,
num_chars)
Tr v chui k t c di num_chars bt u t v tr
start_num ca chui text.
=MID(Dai hoc CAN Tho, 5, 3) hoc
VALUE(text)
Trang 147
FIND(find_text, within_text
[, start_num])
SEARCH(find_text,
within_text [, start_num])
REPLACE(old_text,
num_start, num_chars,
new_text)
DATEVALUE(date_text)
ngha v v d
Tr v ngy hin hnh ca h thng.
=TODAY( ) Tu vo ngy hin hnh ca h thng.
Tr v ngy v gi hin hnh ca h thng.
=NOW( ) Tu vo ngy v gi hin hnh ca h
thng.
Tr v gi tr ngy trong thng ca biu thc ngy date.
=DAY(A1) 28
Tr v gi tr thng trong nm ca biu thc ngy date.
=MONTH(A1) 9
Tr v gi tr nm ca biu thc ngy date.
=YEAR(A1) 2004
Tr v s th t ngy trong tun ca biu thc date.
Gi tr 1: Sunday, 2:Monday, ..., 7: Saturday.
=WEEKDAY(A1) 3
i chui ngy date_text (theo qui c nhp ngy)
thnh tr s ngy.
Ghi ch: ta c th nh dng kt qu trn thnh dng
Date bng cch s dng menu Format/Cells.
= DATEVALUE("22/8/55") 20323 22/8/55
Tr v gi tr dng Date theo quy nh ca h thng.
=DATE(2004,09,28) 28/09/2004
=DATE(04,9,28) 28/09/2004
Trang 148
TIME(hour, minute,
second)
12
16
10
A01
C02
15
20
24
B75
25
22
18
A02
10
B555
12
CN
TH
GO
D25
15
TRNG
NC
TRONG
=VLOOKUP("B75", A1:B3, 2, 0) 8
A01
B75
D25
= HLOOKUP(16, D1:F3, 3, 0) 22
= HLOOKUP(15, D1:F3, 3, 1) 25
=VLOOKUP("B85", A1:B3, 2) 5
= HLOOKUP(15, D1:F3, 3) 25
=VLOOKUP(A6, A5:B7, 2, 0) 12
= HLOOKUP(F5, D5:F7, 2, 0) GO
Trang 149
=VLOOKUP("E05", A5:B7, 2) 15
= MATCH(16, D1:F1, 0) 2
= MATCH(20, D2:F2, 0) 2
= MATCH(22, D2:F2, 1) 2
= MATCH(15, D1:F1, 1) 1
Trang 150
1
2
3
4
A
B
MACB LCB
111
333
112
444
113
555
= ISBLANK(C1)
TRUE
= ISBLANK(A1)
FALSE
= ISERROR(MOD(114,0))
TRUE
= ISERROR(MOD(114,3))
FALSE
= ISLOGICAL(2>3)
TRUE
= ISERROR(VLOOKUP(114,A2:B4,2,FALSE))
TRUE
= ISNA(VLOOKUP(114,A2:B4,2,FALSE))
TRUE
= ISNUMBER(12345)
TRUE
= ISNUMBER(12345)
FALSE
= ISTEXT(A1)
TRUE
= ISTEXT(VALUE(12345))
FALSE
Excel s kim tra biu thc B1 >= 5, nu biu thc ng (gi tr ti B1 l >= 5) th
s in ra u v kt thc hm, ngc li s in ra Rt v kt thc hm.
V d 2:
=IF(B1 > 0, S dng, IF(B1 = 0, S khng, S m))
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Trang 151
STT
Ten
Cn
6.7
Kim
9.2
Lim
5.8
Chnh
2.4
Ch
7.7
Cng
7.9
BNG HC BNG
BNG TR CP
Xp loi
Hc bng
M TC
T l
01
100,000
50%
02
70,000
100%
03
50,000
0%
04
30,000
7
8
9
10
TT H tn
Xp loi
Hc bng
11
Trng
02
12
01
13
Khng
02
14
Chin
04
15
Nht
01
16
nh
03
70,000
M TC Tr cp Tng cng
A
70,000
Trang 152
Thng
04
18
Li
02
Yu cu:
1) Tnh ct Hc bng da vo ct Xp loi v BNG HC BNG.
2) Tnh ct Tr cp = Hc bng * T l
Trong T l c tnh nh vo ct M TC v BNG TR CP.
3) Tnh ct Tng cng = Hc bng + Tr cp
Gii:
1) Tnh ct Hc bng
+ Trc ht ta vit cng thc cho D11:
Ly gi tr trong C11 (lookup_value) d trong vng $C$3:$D$6
(table_array), trong bng ny ta mun ly ct Hc bng tc l ct th 2 (col_index_num),
do trong BNG HC BNG ct Xp loi sp xp theo th t tng dn nn ta c th d
tm tng i (range_lookup l 1 hoc c th b qua).
V vng C3:D6 s dng chung d tm nn phi ly a ch tuyt i. Ta c
cng thc cho D11 nh sau:
=VLOOKUP(C11, $C$3:$D$6, 2, 1)
hoc =VLOOKUP(C11, $C$3:$D$6, 2)
+ Sao chp cng thc ti D11 n vng D12:D18.
2) Tnh ct Tr cp
+ Trc ht ta vit cng thc cho F11:
tnh T l ta ly gi tr trong E11 (lookup_value) d trong vng
$F$3:$G$5 (table_array), trong bng ny ta mun ly ct T l tc l ct th 2
(col_index_num), do trong BNG TR CP ct M TC cha c sp xp nn ta phi d
tm tuyt i (range_lookup l 0).
Ta c cng thc cho F11 nh sau:
=D11 * VLOOKUP(E11, $F$3:$G$5, 2, 0)
+ Sao chp cng thc ti F11 n vng F12:F18.
3) Tnh ct Tng cng
+ Trc ht ta vit cng thc cho G11:
=D11 + F11
+ Sao chp cng thc ti G11 n vng G12:G18.
01
BNG HC Xp loi
BNG
Hc bng 100,000
02
03
04
70,000
50,000
30,000
Trang 153
BNG TR
CP
M TC
T l
B
50%
A
100%
C
0%
Gii:
1) Tnh ct Hc bng
Cng thc cho D11 nh sau:
=HLOOKUP(C11, $D$1:$G$2, 2, 1)
hoc =HLOOKUP(C11, $D$1:$G$2, 2)
2) Tnh ct Tr cp
Cng thc cho F11 nh sau:
=D11 * HLOOKUP(E11, $D$4:$F$5, 2, 0)
3) Tnh ct Tng cng
Cng thc cho G11 nh sau:
=D11 + F11
Trang 154
2
3 STT
HO TEN
01.003
2.58
25/01/97
541,800
108,360
01.003
2.34
30/01/98
491,400
98,280
1.00
01/01/99
210,000
105,000
4 Trn Vn Hng
01.009
1.09
15/01/99
228,900
114,450
1.86
01/10/97
390,600
78,120
1.00
01/05/98
210,000
105,000
10
7 L Minh Li
1.18
01/08/98
247,800
123,900
2,320,500
733,110
01.009
Tng cng:
11
Trang 155
Theo cch ny, vng tiu chun s c t nht hai hng, hng u cha cc tn trng
t iu kin, cc hng khc dng m t iu kin.
Cch to nh sau
-
BAC
MANG
01.009
01.009
01.003
a)
BAC
4
b)
Trang 156
a)
=AND(C4 = 01.009, D4 = 1)
FALSE
b)
Tieu chuan
TRUE
Mt s cch ghi iu kin
Yu cu
Cch 1
C h l Nguyn
HO TEN
Nguyn *
=LEFT(B4, 6)=Nguyn
C tn l Bnh
HO TEN
* Bnh
=RIGHT(B4, 4)=Bnh
C ch lt l Thanh
HO TEN
* Thanh *
C h l Nguyn v
tn l Huy
HO TEN
Nguyn * Huy
C h l Nguyn hoc
tn l Bnh
C BAC >= 2
HO TEN
Nguyn *
* Bnh
BAC
>= 2
=AND(LEFT(B4,6)=Nguyn,
RIGHT(B4, 3)=Huy)
=OR(LEFT(B4,6)=Nguyn,
RIGHT(B4, 4)=Bnh)
=D4>=2
C MANG=01.009 v
BAC >= 2
MANG BAC
01.009 >= 2
=AND(C4=01.009, D4>=2)
C MANG=01.009
hoc BAC >= 2
MANG BAC
01.009
>= 2
=OR(C4=01.009, D4>=2)
C MANG=01.009 v
BAC = 2 hoc BAC = 3
MANG BAC
01.009
2
01.009
3
=AND(C4=01.009,
OR(D4=2, D4=3))
Trang 157
MANG BAC
01.009
01.003
2
C ngy bt u hng
lng l trc 1/1/98
C HESO * 290,000 >=
450,000
=OR(C4=01.009,AND(C4=01.009,
D4=2))
=F4<DATE(98,1,1)
=E4 * 290000>=450000
18.2.TRCH LC D LIU
Trch lc d liu l tnh nng lc ra cc mu tin tha mn nhng tiu chun no t
c s d liu ban u. C hai phng php lc d liu: lc t ng (AutoFilter) v lc
nng cao (Advanced Filter).
Trang 158
Click vo y
v chn 1
Trang 159
Hnh 18.5: Lc d liu nng cao
18.3.CC HM C S D LIU
Cc hm c s d liu mang tnh cht thng k nhng mu tin trong CSDL c
trng tha iu kin ca vng tiu chun c thit lp trc.
C php chung:
1
BNG LNG CHI TIT
Thng 07/ 2001
2
3 STT
HO TEN
MANG BAC HE SO NG_BD LUONG PHU CAP
1 Trn Thanh Bnh 01.003 4
2.58
25/01/97
541,800 108,360
4
2 Phan Thanh Bnh 01.003 3
2.34
30/01/98
491,400
98,280
5
3 Nguyn Xun Huy 01.009 1
1.00
01/01/99
210,000 105,000
6
4 Trn Vn Hng
01.009 2
1.09
15/01/99
228,900 114,450
7
5 Nguyn Anh Dng 01.003 1
1.86
01/10/97
390,600
78,120
8
6 Chu Thanh Khit 01.009 1
1.00
01/05/98
210,000 105,000
9
7 L Minh Li
01.009 3
1.18
01/08/98
247,800 123,900
10
11
Tng cng: 2,320,500 733,110
12
13
MANG
MANG
BAC
Vng tiu chun 1
Vng tiu chun 2
01.009
01.003
4
14
Danh sch cc hm
Tn hm
DSUM(database, field,
criteria)
ngha v v d
Tnh tng cc gi tr trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha iu
kin criteria.
=DSUM($A$3:$H$10, 7, C13:C14)
=DSUM($A$3:$H$10, LUONG, C13:C14)
=DSUM($A$3:$H$10, $G$3, C13:C14)
Trang 160
DMAX(database, field,
criteria)
DMIN(database, field,
criteria)
DCOUNT(database,
field, criteria)
DCOUNTA(database,
field, criteria)
18.4.SP XP D LIU
Tng t nh chc nng Table/ Sort ca Word, lnh Data/ Sort cho php sp xp cc
hng hoc cc ct trong vng c chn theo th t tng dn (th t ABC i vi chui,
hoc s tng dn) hay gim dn (th t ZYX i vi chui, hoc s gim dn) tng ng
kho sp xp c ch nh, vng sp xp phi chn tt c cc c lin h vi nhau, nu
khng s xy ra tnh trng ru ng ny cm cm b kia.
Cch thc hin:
Gi s cn sp xp c s d liu BNG LNG CHI TIT trn theo MANG
tng dn, nu cng MANG th sp theo BAC gim dn.
Chn vng d liu cn sp xp.
Vo menu Data/ Sort, xut hin hp thoi sau:
Trang 161
Kha sp xp chnh
Sp xp theo
th t tng dn
Kha sp xp th hai
Sp xp theo
th t gim dn
Kha sp xp th ba
Vng CSDL
chn c dng tiu
hay khng
Trang 162
M t
Sum
Count
Average
Max
Min
Product
Count Nums
Click vo cc nt
+
Trang 163
Click vo
hin th hoc
Trang 164
Loi biu
Chc nng
Column
Bar
Line
Pie
XY (Scatter)
Area
Doughnut
Rada
Surface
Buble
Stock
Cylinder
Trang 165
Pyramid
10
11
12
3
9
Trang 166
TH TON HC
2
Y1=2x2-6
NM TIN HC IN T CAO NG
1992
100
54
-4
26
1993
154
53
45
-3
12
1994
96
38
60
-2
1995
145
78
80
-1
-4
1996
166
93
128
-6
1997
173
75
160
-4
10
1998
154
94
245
11
Cng:
988
485
718
12
10
26
11
12
Y2=x+7
Yu cu:
a. Dng biu dng ct biu din s lng sinh vin cc ngnh theo tng
nm hc.
b. Dng biu Pie so snh tng s sinh vin ca 3 ngnh t nm 92-98.
c. Dng biu XY(Scatter) v th cho cc hm s Y1=2x26 v Y2= x+7
trn cng mt h trc to XY.
Chn loi
biu
Chn biu
con trong loi
Trang 167
Lp Series (Hnh 19.4): vng d liu tng thnh phn trong biu
+ Series: mi tn trong danh sch xc nh mt dy s liu trong biu (sinh
vin mi ngnh). D liu tng ng c nh ngha trong hp Name v Values
+ Name: tn cho dy s liu ca i tng c chn trong danh sch Series, l
a ch tiu ca dy s liu, nu khng c th hp Name s trng, khi
bn phi t nhp tn vo.
Ch : nhng tn (name) ny s l nhn cho ch gii (Legend) xc nh
mi dy s liu trong biu .
+ Values: a ch ca dy s liu ca i tng c chn trong danh sch Series.
+ Nt Add: Thm dy s liu mi.
+ Nt Remove: Xa dy s liu khng dng trong biu .
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Trang 168
Trang 169
Click chn biu cn chnh sa, khi menu Data s chuyn thnh Chart.
1
2
3
4
5
Trang 170
Trang 171
6 7 8 9
Ngoi cch s dng menu Format v thanh cng c Chart dnh dng cho biu ,
bn c th thay i kch thc v di chuyn biu nh l mt i tng hnh trong Excel.
Trang 172
Lp Margins: t rng ca cc l
Chn rng cc l
Top, Bottom, Left, Right,
Header v Footer (n v l
inch).
Nu mun t bng
tnh nm ngay ti tm ca
trang in (Center on page),
nh du vo mc
Horizontally t bng tnh
vo trung tm trang in theo
chiu ngang, nh du vo
mc Vertically t bng
tnh vo trung tm trang in
theo chiu ng.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Trang 173
Hnh 20.2: t rng ca cc l
Chn Header
c sn
To Footer
theo mun
To Header
theo mun
Chn Footer
c sn
Tiu / h mc
bn tri
2 3
Tiu / h mc
gia
Tiu / h mc
bn phi
2. Chn s trang.
Trang 174
Hnh 20.5: Chn vng d liu in, t ty chn khi in, th t in,
Print area: cho php chn vng d liu in (nu chn th ch d liu trong vng mi
c in, ngc li (khng chn) th in tt c d liu trong Sheet).
Ch :
) C th chn vng d liu in nh sau:
+ Chn vng d liu in.
+ Vo menu File/ Print Area/ Set Print Area.
) b chn vng d liu in, bn chn lnh File/ Print Area/ Clear Print Area.
Print titles: lp li tiu hng (row) v ct (column) trn mi trang in (khi bng
tnh c nhiu trang).
+ Rows to repeat at top: lp li tiu hng trn u mi trang in.
+ Columns to repeat at left: lp li tiu ct bn tri mi trang in.
Print: t mt s ty chn khi in.
+ Gridlines: chn in cc ng li (l cc ng chia m bn thng thy trn
mn hnh. Cc ng ny xc nh cc trong bng tnh. Thng thng cc
ng li ny khng c in ra).
+ Black and white: chn ch in trng en.
+ Draft quality: chn ch in nhp (cht lng km nhng in nhanh hn).
+ Row and column headings: chn in ch s hng (1,2,3,) v tn ct
(A,B,C,).
+ Comments: chn in/ khng in phn ch thch.
Page order: chn th t in khi bng tnh c nhiu trang.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Trang 175
Chn nt lnh Print Preview trong hp thoi Print hay Page Setup.
Header
Ct A
Top
Ct B
Left
Right
Bottom
Footer
Trang 176
Thc hin in: chn menu File/ Print; hoc t hp phm Ctrl + P; hoc chn nt
lnh Print
- Copies: s bn v th t in.
+ Number of copy: chn s bn in.
+ Collate: kim tra th t in.
V d: Gi s in trang 1, 2 v s bn in l 3. Th t in nh sau:
; Collate: trang 1, trang 2, trang 1, trang 2, trang 1, trang 2.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Trang 177
Trang 178
21.2.Mn hnh cA
PowerPoint
21.2.1. Ca s PowerPoint Startup
Sau khi gi ng dng PowerPoint, ca s
PowerPoint Startup xut hin nh hnh 22.1 cho
php bn chn cch to mi hay m mt trnh
din c trong my.
AutoContent Wizard: to mt trnh din s
dng tr gip (Wizard).
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Trang 175
Hnh 21.1: Ca s PowerPoint Startup
Trang 176
Normal
Slide
Slide Show
Trang 177
Hnh 21.7: Ch Slide Sorter
Trang 178
Thc hin theo cc bc Wizard, Click nt lnh Next qua bc k tip, Click nt
lnh Finish khi hon thnh.
Chnh sa ni dung trnh din cho ph hp vi yu cu ca bn.
Trang 179
Trang 180
b. nh dng vn bn
Bn c th p dng cc nh dng cho vn bn trong PowerPoint tng t nh
Word: nh dng k t (Font, Size, Font style, ), canh l cho on vn bn (tri, gia,
phi), to cc mc s hoc du hoa th (Bullets and Numbering),
Ngoi ra, bn cn c th thc hin cc nh dng khc nh sau:
Trang 181
Click OK.
Trang 182
Hnh 22.5: To bng biu
Cch 2:
-
Click OK.
+ Nu trong Word hoc Excel c cha nhng bng ging nh bng cn to ra trong
PowerPoint, bn c th sao chp cc bng qua PowerPoint.
b. Chn biu
Chc nng ny cho php chn biu vo bn trnh din.
Cch thc hin: tng t trn, bn cng c th thc hin theo mt trong cc cch sau:
- Chn loi Slide c cha biu trong hp thoi New Slide.
- Vo menu Insert/ Chart.
- Click vo nt cng c Insert Chart trn thanh cng c Standard.
- Sao chp biu t Word hocExcel sang.
Tin hnh thc hin theo cc bc tng t nh i vi Word.
c. Chn hnh nh, ch ngh thut, i tng v vo slide
Chc nng ny thc hin tng t nh trong Word.
Trang 183
Hnh 22.8: Cch trnh by ni dung Slide
Trang 184
Trang 185
Trang 186
22.2.2. Xo b Slide
Chc nng ny cho php xo b Slide khng s dng trong bn trnh din.
Trang 187
22.2.4. Sp xp li cc Slide
Chc nng ny cho php sp xp li cc Slide trong bn trnh din cho ng vi
trnh t ni dung.
Ch : bn c th thc hin nhanh bng thao tc Drag chut nh sau: chn Slide cn
thay i v tr trong khung Outline hoc trong ch Slide Sorter, dng chut Drag ti v
tr mi.
22.2.5. n cc Slide
Chc nng ny cho php n Slide trong ch trnh din (Slide Show) nhng khng
xa hn Slide khi bn trnh din hin hnh.
Trang 188
Trang 189
Trang 190
Hnh 22.18: Hiu ng chuyn tip gia
22.3.6. To nt hnh ng
Chc nng ny cho php bn gn mt thao tc vo mt nt lnh c th. Nt hnh
ng l mt i tng c xc nh trc, c gn vo mt thao tc thng qua ty chn
trog hp thoi Action Settings trn.
Trang 191
Trang 192
Trang 193
Trang 194
Cch thc hin: vo menu File/ Print hoc nhn vo nt cng c Print
hoc nhn
Trang 195
Trang 196
Trang 196
T chc
com (Commercial)
Thng mi
edu (Educational)
Gio dc
gov (Governmental)
Nh nc
int (International)
T chc quc t
mil (Military)
Qun i
net (Networking)
org (Organizational)
Cc t chc khc
Quc gia
at
au
ca
Canada
de
Trang 197
Php
jp
Nht
uk
Anh
us
vn
Vit Nam
Trang 198
Trang 199
Thanh a ch
Thanh cng c
Trang 200
Trang 201
Trang 202
Cch thc hin: Click vo lin kt dng ti thng tin, xut hin hp thoi nh hnh
25.8:
Trang 203
Trang 204
Trang 205
Trang 206
Trang 207
www.yahoo.com
www.lycos.com
www.alltheweb.com
Trang 208
25.1.GII THIU
25.1.1. Nguyn l vn hnh
Mun s dng th in t th ngi dng phi c my tnh ni kt Internet hoc ni
kt vo my ch cung cp dch v Email (Mail Server). Ngoi ra, gi hoc nhn Email
th ngi s dng phi c ti khon Email v danh sch a ch Email ca ngi nhn.
Header
Date:
From:
To:
Cc:
Subject:
Part(s):
25.1.4. Webmail
Webmail l h thng cung cp cc dch v Email (nhn, gi, lc Email) thng qua 1
Website no trn mng Internet. Thng thng, y l h thng cung cp a ch Email
min ph. gi v nhn Email, ngi s dng Internet ch c 1 cch duy nht l dng
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Trang 208
25.2.
Trang 209
25.2.2. To mt ti khon mi
Vo menu Tools/ Accounts/ Chn lp Mail
Trang 210
Trang 211
25.2.3. c Email
Thng thng cc Email nhn c s c lu trong th mc Inbox. Nhn chut
vo th mc Inbox, danh sch Email s xut hin nh hnh sau:
Trang 212
25.2.4. To Email mi
Nhn chut vo nt Create Mail trn thanh cng c, xut hin hp hi thoi:
Trang 213
Gi tp tin nh km:
Trang 214
25.2.5. Tr li mt Email
Chn Email mun tr li, ri nhn vo nt REPLY trn thanh cng c. a ch ca
ngi gi s c t ng in vo, ton b ni dung ca Email c cng c in vo
trong ca s son tho. Ta c th gi li ni dung ny hoc xa i ty theo tng trng
hp c th.
25.2.6. Xa Email
Chn nhng Email mun xa ri nhn phm Delete hoc nhn nt cng c Delete.
Nhng Email b xa s c lu vo th mc Deleted Items. Do trong trng hp xa
nhm th ta vn cn c hi phc hi.
Trang 215
Trang 216
Trang 217
Hnh 25.14: Check mail
25.3.3. c v tr li Email
Nu s dng ti khon Hotmail min ph, ngi dng ch c th nhn v gi nhng
Email c dung lng ti a l 1MB.
c mt Email, t th mc Inbox hoc th mc bt k, nhn chut vo tn ca
ngi gi trong ct From c Email ca ngi .
Khi m mt Email, ta c th chn thm cc chn la:
+ Save Address(es): thm a ch Email ca ngi gi vo danh sch a ch
Email.
+ Block: ngn nhng Email gi t a ch ny, sau ny khng nhn Email t a
ch ny na.
+ Previous: c Email trc
+ Next: c Email k tip
+ Close: ng ca s Email ang c, tr v danh sch Email.
+ Reply: tr li ngi gi.
+ Reply All: tr li ngi gi v gi cho nhng ngi trong danh sch nh km.
+ Forward: gi ni dung Email nhn c cho ngi khc.
+ Delete: xa Email ang chn.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn
Trang 218
25.3.4. Xa Email
Xa mt Email ang c: Click nt DELETE pha di ni dung ca Email.
Xa cc Email t mt th mc: chn cc Email mun xa, ri nhn nt DELETE
pha trn cc Email.
Gi tp tin nh km:
Trang 219
ng nhp khi
c ti khon
To ti khon mi
Trang 220
Trang 221
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Mc lc
MC LC
Phn I: NHNG HIU BIT C BN V TIN HC............................... 1
CHNG 1: THNG TIN V X L THNG TIN ....................................... 1
1.1. THNG TIN ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1. Khi nim v thng tin.................................................................................. 1
1.1.2. n v o thng tin ....................................................................................... 1
1.1.3. S tng qut ca mt qu trnh x l thng tin........................................ 1
1.1.4. X l thng tin bng my tnh in t .......................................................... 2
1.2. BIU DIN THNG TIN TRONG MY TNH IN T.............................. 2
1.2.1. Biu din s trong cc h m ...................................................................... 2
1.2.2. H m thp phn (Decimal system, b=10).................................................. 2
1.2.3. H m nh phn (Binary system, b=2) ........................................................ 3
1.2.4. H m bt phn (Octal system, b=8)........................................................... 4
1.2.5. H m thp lc phn (Hexa-decimal system, b=16) ................................... 4
1.2.6. i mt s nguyn t h thp phn sang h b .............................................. 4
1.2.7. i phn thp phn t h thp phn sang h c s b.................................... 5
1.2.8. Mnh logic................................................................................................ 5
1.2.9. Biu din thng tin trong my tnh in t ................................................... 5
1.3. TIN HC............................................................................................................. 6
1.3.1. Cc lnh vc nghin cu ca tin hc............................................................. 6
1.3.2. ng dng ca tin hc .................................................................................... 6
1.3.3. My tnh in t v lch s pht trin ........................................................... 7
Mc lc
3.3.3. Mt vi thut ng thng s dng .............................................................. 17
3.3.4. Gii thiu mn hnh nn (Desktop) ca Windows XP................................ 18
3.3.5. Ca s chng trnh .................................................................................... 19
3.3.6. Hp hi thoi (Dialogue box) ..................................................................... 20
3.3.7. Sao chp d liu trong Windows ................................................................ 21
3.3.8. Cch khi ng v thot khi cc chng trnh.......................................... 21
3.3.9. Menu Documents ........................................................................................ 22
3.3.10. Tm kim d liu ......................................................................................... 23
3.4. THAY I CU HNH MY TNH .............................................................. 25
3.4.1. Ci t v loi b Font ch ......................................................................... 25
3.4.2. Thay i thuc tnh ca mn hnh............................................................... 25
3.4.3. Ci t v loi b chng trnh ................................................................... 26
3.4.4. Cu hnh ngy, gi cho h thng................................................................. 27
3.4.5. Thay i thuc tnh ca bn phm v chut ................................................ 27
3.4.6. Thay i thuc tnh vng (Regional Settings) ............................................ 28
3.5. MY IN ............................................................................................................ 29
3.5.1. Ci t thm my in .................................................................................... 29
3.5.2. Loi b my in ci t ............................................................................ 29
3.5.3. Thit lp my in mc nh .......................................................................... 29
3.5.4. Ca s hng i in (Print Queue)................................................................ 30
3.6. TASKBAR AND START MENU .................................................................... 30
ii
Mc lc
5.1.1. Vn ting Vit trong Windows............................................................... 37
5.1.2. Font ch v Bng m .................................................................................. 37
5.1.3. Cc kiu g ting Vit................................................................................. 37
5.2. S DNG VIETKEY....................................................................................... 38
5.2.1. Khi ng Vietkey...................................................................................... 38
5.2.2. Cc thao tc c bn ..................................................................................... 38
5.3. S DNG UNIKEY......................................................................................... 39
5.3.1. Khi ng Unikey....................................................................................... 39
5.3.2. Cc thao tc c bn ..................................................................................... 40
5.4. LUYN NH MY VI KP TYPING TUTOR .......................................... 41
5.4.1. Khi ng KP Typing Tutor ....................................................................... 41
5.4.2. Cch t tay trn bn phm ......................................................................... 41
5.4.3. Chn bi tp ................................................................................................ 42
5.4.4. Thay i cc tu chn (Options)................................................................. 42
5.4.5. Tr gip (Help) ........................................................................................... 42
iii
Mc lc
iv
Mc lc
10.1. HNH NH (PICTURE)................................................................................... 83
10.1.1. Chn cc hnh nh ....................................................................................... 83
10.1.2. nh dng v chnh sa cc hnh nh ......................................................... 84
10.2. HP VN BN (TEXT BOX) ........................................................................ 85
10.3. CHN CH NGH THUT (WORDART).................................................... 86
10.4. TO HNH V THEO MU ........................................................................... 87
10.4.1. Thanh cng c v (Drawing toolbar) .......................................................... 87
10.4.2. Chn cc hnh v AutoShape ...................................................................... 88
10.4.3. Lm vic vi cc i tng v.................................................................... 88
10.4.4. S dng menu i tng Draw trn thanh cng c Drawing ..................... 90
Mc lc
13.2. NHP CC CNG THC ............................................................................ 111
13.3. KIM TRA CHNH T V VN PHM..................................................... 111
13.3.1. Chn ngn ng .......................................................................................... 111
13.3.2. Kim tra chnh t v vn phm ................................................................. 112
13.4. MT S LNH TRONG MENU INSERT.................................................... 112
13.4.1. Chn cc trng d liu ............................................................................ 112
13.4.2. Chn ch thch........................................................................................... 113
13.4.3. Chn cc ch cui trang (Footnote) v cui phn (Endnote) ................. 113
13.4.4. To Bookmark........................................................................................... 115
13.4.5. To tham chiu cho ................................................................................. 115
13.4.6. To nhn cho i tng............................................................................. 116
vi
Mc lc
16.1.4. Sao chp d liu t ny sang khc v in d liu (Fill).................... 130
16.1.5. Di chuyn d liu...................................................................................... 132
16.2. THAO TC TRN CT V HNG ............................................................. 132
16.2.1. Thm hng, ct hoc mi vo bng tnh. ............................................... 132
16.2.2. Xa hng, ct, hoc ................................................................................ 133
16.2.3. Thay i rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng. ..................................... 133
16.2.4. Lnh Undo, Redo v Repeat ..................................................................... 134
16.3. NH DNG CCH HIN TH D LIU................................................... 134
16.3.1. nh dng hin th d liu s .................................................................... 134
16.3.2. Canh l d liu trong .............................................................................. 136
16.3.3. nh dng k t......................................................................................... 137
16.3.4. K khung cho bng tnh ............................................................................ 138
16.3.5. T mu nn cho bng tnh......................................................................... 138
16.3.6. Sao chp nh dng bng nt Format Painter ........................................... 139
16.4. THAO TC TRN TP TIN ......................................................................... 139
16.4.1. M tp tin.................................................................................................. 139
16.4.2. Lu tp tin................................................................................................. 140
16.4.3. ng tp tin............................................................................................... 140
vii
Mc lc
18.5. TNG HP THEO TNG NHM (SUBTOTALS) ..................................... 160
viii
Mc lc
22.2.4. Sp xp li cc Slide ................................................................................. 187
22.2.5. n cc Slide .............................................................................................. 187
22.3. TO CC HIU NG HOT HNH............................................................ 187
22.3.1. Cc hiu ng hot hnh ............................................................................. 187
22.3.2. To hiu ng hot hnh ............................................................................. 187
22.3.3. Ca s Animation Preview ....................................................................... 189
22.3.4. To hiu ng chuyn tip gia cc Slide .................................................. 189
22.3.5. Thit lp hnh ng cho mt i tng .................................................... 190
22.3.6. To nt hnh ng..................................................................................... 190
22.4. CC GI KHI THIT K MT BN TRNH DIN............................... 191
ix
Mc lc
25.1.4. Webmail .................................................................................................... 208
25.2. CHNG TRNH OUTLOOK EXPRESS .................................................... 209
25.2.1. Cc thnh phn trong Outlook Express..................................................... 209
25.2.2. To mt ti khon mi .............................................................................. 210
25.2.3. c Email.................................................................................................. 212
25.2.4. To Email mi........................................................................................... 213
25.2.5. Tr li mt Email ...................................................................................... 214
25.2.6. Xa Email.................................................................................................. 214
25.3. S DNG HOTMAIL.................................................................................... 215
25.3.1. To ti khon mi trong Hotmail.............................................................. 215
25.3.2. Kim tra Email mi (Check mail)............................................................. 216
25.3.3. c v tr li Email .................................................................................. 217
25.3.4. Xa Email.................................................................................................. 218
25.3.5. Son tho Email mi ................................................................................. 218
25.3.6. Thm a ch Email vo danh sch a ch................................................ 219
25.4. S DNG YAHOOMAIL ............................................................................. 219