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B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC CN TH
KHOA KHOA HC
----- oOo -----

GIO TRNH MN HC

TIN HC CN BN
MSMH: TH016

Bin son: - ThS. Thanh Lin Ngn


- Ks. H Vn T

- LU HNH NI B - 2005 -

LI NI U

LI NI U

Tin hc l mt ni dung quan trng trong chng trnh gio dc i cng bc


i hc, v l mn hc bt buc i vi tt c sinh vin trong cc trng i hc Vit
Nam chnh thc t nm 1992. T nhiu nm nay, mn hc ny c ging dy hu ht
trng i hc v Cao ng nc ta vi nhng mc khc nhau, v cng c nhiu
sch, gio trnh Tin hc khc nhau do nhiu tc gi bin son. Do s pht trin nhanh
chng ca ngnh Tin hc v yu cu i mi trong chng trnh o to ca B Gio dc
v o to, chng ti bin son bi ging mn hc TIN HC CN BN cho tt c
sinh vin cc ngnh bc i hc vi mc ch gip cho sinh vin c c mt ti liu hc
tp cn thit cho mn hc ny v cng p ng phn no nhu cu ngy cng cao v t
liu dy v hc Tin hc.
Khi bin son chng ti cng tham kho nhiu gio trnh ca mt s trng i
hc hoc c vit li t mt s sch. Do khng c iu kin tip xc, trao i xin php
vic trch dn ca cc tc gi, mong qu v vui lng min chp.
Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n cc ng nghip B mn Tin hc - Khoa Khoa
hc to rt nhiu iu kin v ti liu v phng tin cho chng ti hon thnh gio
trnh ny.
D c nhiu c gng nhng chng ti vn khng th trnh c nhng sai st. Rt
mong c s ng gp kin ca cc ng nghip, cc em sinh vin v cc c gi
cht lng gio trnh ngy cng hon thin.

Nhm tc gi

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

GII THIU MN HC

GII THIU MN HC

Bi ging mn hc TIN HC CN BN (MSMH: TH016) dng ging dy cho


sinh vin tt c cc ngnh. Mn hc ny c 3 tn ch (tng ng 45 tit chun), c
ging dy ng thi vi phn thc hnh (Gio trnh thc hnh Tin hc cn bn TH017)
gm 60 tit thc hnh ti phng my tnh. Bi ging c bin son da vo hng dn
ca B Gio dc v o to v cng bin son gio trnh nhm nng cao kh nng s
dng vi tnh cho sinh vin theo tinh thn "Chng trnh pht trin v ng dng Cng ngh
thng tin" c t chc t ngy 10/10/2003 ti trng i hc Cn Th.
Tuy nhin, trn thc t c mt s khc bit v iu kin a l v x hi ng bng
sng Cu Long so vi mt s khu vc khc; v d nh trong mt lp, mt bng hiu bit
c bn v my tnh ca sinh vin xut thn t thnh ph ln v sinh vin xut thn t vng
nng thn c th c s chnh lch kh r, iu ny c th gy ra mt s kh khn no
cho ging vin cng nh sinh vin: nhng sinh vin c tip xc vi my tnh trong
thi gian hc ph thng hoc nhng sinh vin c kin thc ngoi ng tt (ch yu l ting
Anh) s tip thu nhanh hn cc sinh vin khc. Thc t ny i hi phi c mt gio trnh
ph hp vi trnh v kh nng tip thu ca tt c nhng sinh vin ny.
Trc nhng yu cu , nhm bin son tin hnh son tho gio trnh mn hc
Tin hc cn bn vi phn trnh by chi tit nhm phc v nhu cu ging dy, hc tp, tham
kho cho gio vin, sinh vin v cc c gi khc. Ni dung gio trnh gm 5 phn, c
phn b nh sau:

Phn I: Nhng hiu bit c bn v tin hc

Phn II: Son tho vn bn vi Microsoft Word

Phn III: X l bng tnh vi Microsoft Excel

Phn IV: Trnh din vi Microsoft Powerpoint

Phn V: S dng dch v Web v Email

Cc t ng Tin hc s dng trong bi ging l cc t tng i quen thuc trong


nc. trnh nhm ln, mt s thut ng c phn ch thch ting Anh i km. Cui bi
ging l cc ti liu tham kho lin quan n mn hc. Sinh vin c th s dng cc ti liu
tham kho nh mt ti liu th hai cho vic b sung kin thc ca mnh. Phn bi tp cho
mi chng s c trnh by trong Gio trnh thc hnh Tin hc cn bn.

Nhm tc gi

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Chng 1: THNG TIN V X L THNG TIN

CHNG 1: THNG TIN V X L


THNG TIN
--- oOo ---

1.1 THNG TIN


1.1.1 Khi nim v thng tin
Khi nim thng tin (information) c s dng thng ngy. Con ngi c nhu cu
c bo, nghe i, xem phim, i tham quan, du lch, tham kho kin ngi khc,...
nhn c thm thng tin mi. Thng tin mang li cho con ngi s hiu bit, nhn thc
tt hn v nhng i tng trong i sng x hi, trong thin nhin,... gip cho h thc
hin hp l cng vic cn lm t ti mc ch mt cch tt nht.
D liu (data) l s biu din ca thng tin v c th hin bng cc tn hiu vt l.
Thng tin cha ng ngha cn d liu l cc s kin khng c cu trc v khng c
ngha nu chng khng c t chc v x l.
H thng thng tin (information system) l mt h thng ghi nhn d liu, x l
chng to nn thng tin c ngha hoc d liu mi.

D liu

X l

Nhp

Xut

Thng tin

Hnh 1.1: H thng thng tin

1.1.2 n v o thng tin


n v dng o thng tin gi l bit. Mt bit tng ng vi mt ch th hoc mt
thng bo no v s kin c 1 trong 2 trng thi c s o kh nng xut hin ng thi
l Tt (Off) / M (On) hay ng (True) / Sai (False).
V d: Mt mch n c 2 trng thi l:
- Tt (Off) khi mch in qua cng tc l h
- M (On) khi mch in qua cng tc l ng
S hc nh phn s dng hai k s 0 v 1 biu din cc s. V kh nng s dng
hai s 0 v 1 l nh nhau nn mt ch th ch gm mt ch s nh phn c th xem nh l
n v cha thng tin nh nht.
Bit l ch vit tt ca BInary digiT. Trong tin hc, ngi ta thng s dng cc n
v o thng tin ln hn nh sau:
Tn gi
Byte
KiloByte
MegaByte
GigaByte
TetraByte
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

K hiu
B
KB
MB
GB
TB

Gi tr
8 bit
210 B = 1024 Byte
220 B
230 B
240 B
Trang 1

Chng 1: THNG TIN V X L THNG TIN

1.1.3 S tng qut ca mt qu trnh x l thng tin


Mi qu trnh x l thng tin bng my tnh hay bng con ngi u c thc hin
theo mt qui trnh sau:
D liu (data) c nhp u vo (Input). My tnh hay con ngi s thc hin qu
trnh x l no nhn c thng tin u ra (Output). Qu trnh nhp d liu, x l
v xut thng tin u c th c lu tr.
NHP D LIU
(INPUT)

X L
(PROCESSING)

XUT D LIU/ THNG TIN


(OUTPUT)

LU TR (STORAGE)
Hnh 1.2: M hnh tng qut qu trnh x l thng tin

1.1.4 X l thng tin bng my tnh in t


Thng tin l kt qu bao gm nhiu qu trnh x l cc d liu v thng tin c th tr
thnh d liu mi theo mt qu trnh x l d liu khc to ra thng tin mi hn theo
ca con ngi.
Con ngi c nhiu cch c d liu v thng tin. Ngi ta c th lu tr thng tin
qua tranh v, giy, sch bo, hnh nh trong phim, bng t,... Trong thi i hin nay, khi
lng thng tin n vi chng ta cng lc cng nhiu th con ngi c th dng mt cng
c h tr cho vic lu tr, chn lc v x l li thng tin gi l my tnh in t
(Computer). My tnh in t gip con ngi tit kim rt nhiu thi gian, cng sc v
tng chnh xc cao trong vic t ng ha mt phn hay ton phn ca qu trnh x l
d liu hay thng tin.

1.2 BIU DIN THNG TIN TRONG MY TNH


IN T
1.2.1 Biu din s trong cc h m
H m l tp hp cc k hiu v qui tc s dng tp k hiu biu din v
xc nh cc gi tr cc s. Mi h m c mt s k s (digits) hu hn. Tng s k s ca
mi h m c gi l c s (base hay radix), k hiu l b.
H m c s b (b 2, b l s nguyn dng) mang tnh cht sau :
C b k s th hin gi tr s. K s nh nht l 0 v ln nht l b-1.
Gi tr v tr th n trong mt s ca h m bng c s b ly tha n: bn
S N(b) trong h m c s (b) c biu din bi: N ( b) = a n a n1a n2 ... a1a 0 a 1a 2 ... a m
trong , s N(b) c n+1 k s biu din cho phn nguyn v m k s l biu din cho
phn b_phn, v c gi tr l:
N ( b ) = a n .b n + a n 1 .b n 1 + a n 2 .b n 2 + ... + a 1 .b 1 + a 0 .b 0 + a 1 .b 1 + a 2 .b 2 + ... + a m .b m
hay l:

N (b ) =
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

a .b

i= m

Trang 2

Chng 1: THNG TIN V X L THNG TIN

Trong ngnh ton - tin hc hin nay ph bin 4 h m l h thp phn, h nh


phn, h bt phn v h thp lc phn.

1.2.2 H m thp phn (Decimal system, b=10)


H m thp phn hay h m c s 10 l mt trong cc pht minh ca ngi rp
c, bao gm 10 k s theo k hiu sau:
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Qui tc tnh gi tr ca h m ny l mi n v mt hng bt k c gi tr bng
10 n v ca hng k cn bn phi. y b=10. Bt k s nguyn dng trong h thp
phn c th biu din nh l mt tng cc s hng, mi s hng l tch ca mt s vi 10
ly tha, trong s m ly tha c tng thm 1 n v k t s m ly tha pha bn
phi n. S m ly tha ca hng n v trong h thp phn l 0.
V d:

S 5246 c th c biu din nh sau:


5246

= 5 x 103 + 2 x 102 + 4 x 101 + 6 x 100


= 5 x 1000 + 2 x 100 + 4 x 10 + 6 x 1

Th hin nh trn gi l k hiu m rng ca s nguyn.


V

5246 = 5000 + 200 + 40 + 6

Nh vy, trong s 5246 : k s 6 trong s nguyn i din cho gi tr 6 n v (1s),


k s 4 i din cho gi tr 4 chc (10s), k s 2 i din cho gi tr 2 trm (100s) v k s
5 i din cho gi tr 5 ngn (1000s). Ngha l, s ly tha ca 10 tng dn 1 n v t tri
sang phi tng ng vi v tr k hiu s,
100 = 1

101 = 10

102 = 100

103 = 1000

104 = 10000 ...

Mi k s th t khc nhau trong s s c gi tr khc nhau, ta gi l gi tr v tr


(place value).
Phn thp phn trong h thp phn sau du chm phn cch thp phn (theo qui c
ca M) th hin trong k hiu m rng bi 10 ly tha m tnh t phi sang tri k t du
chm phn cch:
10

1
10

V d: 254.68

10

1
100

10

1
1000

...

= 2 x 102 + 5 x 101 + 4 x 100 + 6 x 10-1 + 8 x 10-2


= 200 + 50 + 4 +

10 100

1.2.3 H m nh phn (Binary system, b=2)


Vi b=2, chng ta c h m nh phn. y l h m n gin nht vi 2 ch s l
0 v 1. Mi ch s nh phn gi l BIT (vit tt t ch BInary digiT). V h nh phn ch c
2 tr s l 0 v 1, nn khi mun din t mt s ln hn, hoc cc k t phc tp hn th cn
kt hp nhiu bit vi nhau.
Ta c th chuyn i h nh phn theo h thp phn quen thuc.
V d: S 11101.11(2) s tng ng vi gi tr thp phn l :

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 3

Chng 1: THNG TIN V X L THNG TIN


v tr du chm cch
S nh phn : 1

S v tr :

Tr v tr :

24

23

22

H 10 l :

16

-1

-2

21

20

2-1

2-2

0.5

0.25

nh vy:
11101.11(2) = 1x16 + 1x8 + 1x4 + 0x2 + 1x1 + 1x0.5 + 1x0.25 = 29.75 (10)
s 10101 (h 2) sang h thp phn s l:
10101(2) = 1x24 + 0x23 + 1x22 + 0x21 + 1x20 = 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 21(10)

1.2.4 H m bt phn (Octal system, b=8)


Nu dng 1 tp hp 3 bit th c th biu din 8 tr khc nhau : 000, 001, 010, 011,
100, 101, 110, 111. Cc tr ny tng ng vi 8 tr trong h thp phn l 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7. Tp hp cc ch s ny gi l h bt phn, l h m vi b = 8 = 23. Trong h bt
phn, tr v tr l ly tha ca 8.
V d: 235 . 64(8) = 2x82 + 3x81 + 5x80 + 6x8-1 + 4x8-2 = 157. 8125(10)

1.2.5 H m thp lc phn (Hexa-decimal system, b=16)


H m thp lc phn l h c s b=16 = 24, tng ng vi tp hp 4 ch s nh
phn (4 bit). Khi th hin dng hexa-decimal, ta c 16 k t gm 10 ch s t 0 n 9, v
6 ch in A, B, C, D, E, F biu din cc gi tr s tng ng l 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Vi
h thp lc phn, tr v tr l ly tha ca 16.
V d: 34F5C(16) = 3x164 + 4x163 + 15x162 + 5x161 + 12x160 = 216294(10)
Ghi ch: mt s ngn ng lp trnh qui nh vit s hexa phi c ch H cui ch s.
V d: S 15 vit l FH.
Bng qui i tng ng 16 ch s u tin ca 4 h m
H 10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

H 2
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111

H 8
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

H 16
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F

Trang 4

Chng 1: THNG TIN V X L THNG TIN

1.2.6 i mt s nguyn t h thp phn sang h b


Tng qut: Ly s nguyn thp phn N(10) ln lt chia cho b cho n khi thng
s bng 0. Kt qu s chuyn i N(b) l cc d s trong php chia vit ra theo th t
ngc li.
sau:

V d: S 12(10) = ?(2). Dng php chia cho 2 lin tip, ta c mt lot cc s d nh


12

s d
(remainders)
Kt qu:

12(10) = 1100(2)

1.2.7 i phn thp phn t h thp phn sang h c s b


Tng qut: Ly phn thp phn N(10) ln lt nhn vi b cho n khi phn thp
phn ca tch s bng 0. Kt qu s chuyn i N(b) l cc s phn nguyn trong php
nhn vit ra theo th t tnh ton.
V d 3.11:

Kt qu:

0. 6875 (10) = ?(2)

phn nguyn ca tch

0. 6875

x 2 = 1 . 375

0. 3750

x 2 = 0 . 75

0. 75

x2 =1.5

0. 5

x2 =1.0

phn thp phn ca tch

0.6875(10) = 0.1011(2)

1.2.8 Mnh logic


Mnh logic l mnh ch nhn mt trong 2 gi tr : ng (TRUE) hoc Sai
(FALSE), tng ng vi TRUE = 1 v FALSE = 0.
Qui tc:
v

TRUE = NOT FALSE


FALSE = NOT TRUE

Php ton logic p dng cho 2 gi tr TRUE v FALSE ng vi t hp AND (v)


v OR (hoc) nh sau:
x

AND(x, y)

OR(x, y)

TRUE

TRUE

TRUE

TRUE

TRUE

FALSE

FALSE

TRUE

FALSE

TRUE

FALSE

TRUE

FALSE

FALSE

FALSE

FALSE

1.2.9 Biu din thng tin trong my tnh in t


D liu s trong my tnh gm c s nguyn v s thc.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 5

Chng 1: THNG TIN V X L THNG TIN

Biu din s nguyn


S nguyn gm s nguyn khng du v s nguyn c du.

S nguyn khng du l s khng c bit du nh 1 byte = 8 bit, c th biu din 28


= 256 s nguyn dng, cho gi tr t 0 (0000 0000) n 255 (1111 1111).

S nguyn c du th hin trong my tnh dng nh phn l s dng 1 bit lm bt


du, ngi ta qui c dng bit hng u tin bn tri lm bit du (S): 0 l s
dng v 1 cho s m. n v chiu di cha thay i t 2 n 4 bytes.

Biu din k t

c th biu din cc k t nh ch ci in v thng, cc ch s, cc k hiu...


trn my tnh v cc phng tin trao i thng tin khc, ngi ta phi lp ra cc b m
(code system) qui c khc nhau da vo vic chn tp hp bao nhiu bit din t 1 k
t tng ng, v d cc h m ph bin :

H thp phn m nh phn BCD (Binary Coded Decima) dng 6 bit.

H thp phn m nh phn m rng EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal


Interchange Code) dng 8 bit tng ng 1 byte biu din 1 k t.

H chuyn i thng tin theo m chun ca M ASCII (American Standard Code


for Information Interchange) l h m thng dng nht hin nay trong k thut tin
hc. H m ASCII dng nhm 7 bit hoc 8 bit biu din ti a 128 hoc 256 k
t khc nhau v m ha theo k t lin tc theo c s 16.
H m ASCII 7 bit, m ho 128 k t lin tc nh sau:
0

NUL (k t rng)

1 - 31

31 k t iu khin

32 - 47

cc du trng SP (space) ! # $ % & ( ) * + , - . /

48 - 57

k s t 0 n 9

58 - 64

cc du : ; < = > ? @

65 - 90

cc ch in hoa t A n Z

91 - 96

cc du [ \ ] _ `

97 - 122

cc ch thng t a n z

123 - 127

cc du { | } ~ DEL (xa)

H m ASCII 8 bit (ASCII m rng) c thm 128 k t khc ngoi cc k t nu


trn gm cc ch ci c du, cc hnh v, cc ng k khung n v khung i v mt s
k hiu c bit (Xem chi tit trong bng ph lc 1.1 v 1.2).

1.3 TIN HC
1.3.1 Cc lnh vc nghin cu ca tin hc
Tin hc (Informatics) c nh ngha l ngnh khoa hc nghin cu cc phng
php, cng ngh v k thut x l thng tin t ng. Cng c ch yu ca tin hc l my
tnh in t v cc thit b truyn tin khc. Vic nghin cu chnh ca tin hc nhm vo hai
k thut pht trin song song:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 6

Chng 1: THNG TIN V X L THNG TIN


K thut phn cng (hardware engineering): nghin cu ch to cc thit b, linh
kin in t, cng ngh vt liu mi... h tr cho my tnh v mng my tnh, y mnh
kh nng x l ton hc v truyn thng thng tin.
K thut phn mm (software engineering): nghin cu pht trin cc h iu
hnh, ngn ng lp trnh cho cc bi ton khoa hc k thut, m phng, iu khin t
ng, t chc d liu v qun l h thng thng tin.

1.3.2 ng dng ca tin hc


Tin hc hin ang c ng dng rng ri trong tt c cc ngnh ngh khc nhau ca
x hi t khoa hc k thut, y hc, kinh t, cng ngh sn xut n khoa hc x hi, ngh
thut,... nh:

T ng ha cng tc vn phng

Thng k

Cng ngh thit k

Gio dc

Qun tr kinh doanh

An ninh quc phng,

c bit ngy nay, vi vic ng dng Internet, nhn loi ang c hng li t
nhng dch v minh:

Th in t

Th vin in t

E_Learning

Thng mi in t

Chnh ph in t,

1.3.3 My tnh in t v lch s pht trin


Do nhu cu cn tng chnh xc v gim thi gian tnh ton, con ngi quan
tm ch to cc cng c tnh ton t xa: bn tnh tay ca ngi Trung Quc, my cng c
hc ca nh ton hc Php Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662), my tnh c hc c th cng, tr,
nhn, chia ca nh ton hc c Gottfried Wilhelmvon Leibniz (1646 - 1716), my sai
phn tnh cc a thc ton hc ...
Tuy nhin, my tnh in t thc s bt u hnh thnh vo thp nin 1950 v n
nay tri qua 5 th h v c phn loi theo s tin b v cng ngh in t v vi in
t cng nh cc ci tin v nguyn l, tnh nng v loi hnh ca n.
Th h 1 (1950 - 1958): my tnh s dng cc bng n in t chn khng, mch
ring r, vo s liu bng phiu c l, iu khin bng tay. My c kch thc rt ln, tiu
th nng lng nhiu, tc tnh chm khong 300 - 3.000 php tnh/s. Loi my tnh in
hnh th h 1 nh EDVAC (M) hay BESM (Lin X c),...
Th h 2 (1958 - 1964): my tnh dng b x l bng n bn dn, mch in. My tnh
c chng trnh dch nh Cobol, Fortran v h iu hnh n gin. Kch thc my cn
ln, tc tnh khong 10.000 -100.000 php tnh/s. in hnh nh loi IBM-1070 (M)
hay MINSK (Lin X c),...

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 7

Chng 1: THNG TIN V X L THNG TIN


Th h 3 (1965 - 1974): my tnh c gn cc b vi x l bng vi mch in t c
nh c th c c tc tnh khong 100.000 - 1 triu php tnh/s. My c cc h iu
hnh a chng trnh, nhiu ngi ng thi hoc theo kiu phn chia thi gian. Kt qu
t my tnh c th in ra trc tip my in. in hnh nh loi IBM-360 (M) hay EC
(Lin X c),...
Th h 4 (1974 - nay): my tnh bt u c cc vi mch a x l c tc tnh hng
chc triu n hng t php tnh/s. Giai on ny hnh thnh 2 loi my tnh chnh: my
tnh c nhn bn (Personal Computer - PC) hoc xch tay (Laptop hoc Notebook
computer) v cc loi my tnh chuyn nghip thc hin a chng trnh, a x l,... hnh
thnh cc h thng mng my tnh (Computer Networks), v cc ng dng phong ph a
phng tin.
Th h 5 (1990 - nay): bt u cc nghin cu to ra cc my tnh m phng cc hot
ng ca no b v hnh vi con ngi, c tr khn nhn to vi kh nng t suy din pht
trin cc tnh hung nhn c v h qun l kin thc c bn gii quyt cc bi ton a
dng.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 8

Chng 1: THNG TIN V X L THNG TIN


PH LC 1.1
BNG M ASCII vi 128 k t u tin
Hex
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F

0
NUL
0
SOH
1
STX
2

6
BEL
7
BS
8
HT
9
LF
10
VT
11
FF
12
CR
13
SO
14
SI
15

1
DLE
16
DC1
17
DC2
18
DC3
19
DC4
20
NAK
21
SYN
22
ETB
23
CAN
24
EM
25
SUB
26
ESC
27
FS
28
GS
29
RS
30
US
31

2
SP
32
!
33

34
#
35
$
36
%
37
&
38

39
(
40
)
41
*
42
+
43
,
44
45
.
46
/
47

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

3
0
48
1
49
2
50
3
51
4
52
5
53
6
54
7
55
8
56
9
57
:
58
;
59
<
60
=
61
>
62
?
63

4
@
64
A
65
B
66
C
67
D
68
E
69
F
70
G
71
H
72
I
73
J
74
K
75
L
76
M
77
N
78
O
79

5
P

6
`

80
Q

p
96

a
81

97

82

98

83
d

e
86

g
103
h
88

104
I

89
Z

105
j

90
[

106
k

91
\

107
l

92

117
v

102

87
X

116

101
f

115

100

85
V

114
s

99

84
U

113
r

112
q

108
]
m
93
109
^
n
94
110
_
o
95
111

118
w
119
x
120
y
121
z
122
{
123
|
124
}
125
~
126
DEL
127

Trang 8

Chng 1: THNG TIN V X L THNG TIN


PH LC 1.2
BNG M ASCII vi 128 k t k tip
Hex
0

128
1

146

132
133

164

149

134

165

150

135

166

151

136

167

152

137

168

153

138

169

154

139

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140

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142

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189

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175

191

252

237

222

207

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221

206

251

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220

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250

234

219

204

249

159

188

233

218

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248

187

232

217

202

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216

201

246

185

230

215

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184

229

214

199

244

183

228

213

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182

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242

227

212

197

181

241

226

211

196

180

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195

240

225

224

209

194

179

143

163

148

178

208

193

192

177

162

147

176

161

131

160

145

130

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

144

129
2

253

238

254

239

255

223

Trang 9

Chng 2: CU TRC TNG QUT CA MY TNH IN T

CHNG 2: CU TRC TNG QUT CA


MY TNH IN T
--- oOo --Mi loi my tnh c th c hnh dng hoc cu trc khc nhau, ty theo mc ch
s dng nhng, mt cch tng qut, my tnh in t l mt h x l thng tin t ng
gm 2 phn chnh: phn cng v phn mm.

2.1 PHN CNG (HARDWARE)


Phn cng c th c hiu n gin l tt c cc phn trong mt h my tnh m
chng ta c th thy hoc s c. Phn cng bao gm 3 phn chnh:
- B nh (Memory).
- n v x l trung ng (CPU - Central Processing Unit).
- Thit b nhp xut (Input/Output).
B x l trung ng
CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Thit b
Nhp
(Input)

Khi iu khin
CU (Control
Unit)

Khi lm tnh
ALU (Arithmetic
Logic Unit)

Thit b
Xut
(Output)

Cc thanh ghi (Registers)

B nh trong (ROM + RAM)


B nh ngoi (a cng, a mm, a CD)
Hnh 2.1: Cu trc phn cng my tnh

2.1.1 B nh
B nh l thit b lu tr thng tin trong qu trnh my tnh x l. B nh bao gm
b nh trong v b nh ngoi.
B nh trong: gm ROM v RAM :
- ROM (Read Only Memory) l B nh ch c thng tin, dng lu tr cc
chng trnh h thng, chng trnh iu khin vic nhp xut c s (ROM-BIOS : ROMBasic Input/Output System). Thng tin trn ROM ghi vo v khng th thay i, khng b
mt ngay c khi khng c in.
- RAM (Random Access Memory) l B nh truy xut ngu nhin, c dng
lu tr d kin v chng trnh trong qu trnh thao tc v tnh ton. RAM c c im l
ni dung thng tin cha trong n s mt i khi mt in hoc tt my. Dung lng b nh
RAM cho cc my tnh hin nay thng thng vo khong 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB v
c th hn na.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 10

Chng 2: CU TRC TNG QUT CA MY TNH IN T


B nh ngoi: l thit b lu tr thng tin vi dung lng ln, thng tin khng b
mt khi khng c in. C th ct gi v di chuyn b nh ngoi c lp vi my tnh.
Hin nay c cc loi b nh ngoi ph bin nh:
- a mm (Floppy disk) : l loi a ng knh 3.5 inch dung lng 1.44 MB.
- a cng (hard disk) : ph bin l a cng c dung lng 20 GB, 30 GB, 40 GB,
60 GB, v ln hn na.
- a quang (Compact disk): loi 4.72 inch, l thit b ph bin dng lu tr cc
phn mm mang nhiu thng tin, hnh nh, m thanh v thng c s dng trong cc
phng tin a truyn thng (multimedia). C hai loi ph bin l: a CD (dung lng
khong 700 MB) v DVD (dung lng khong 4.7 GB).
- Cc loi b nh ngoi khc nh th nh (Memory Stick, Compact Flash Card),
USB Flash Drive c dung lng ph bin l 32 MB, 64 MB, 128 MB, ...

Floppy disk

Compact disk

Compact Flash Card

USB Flash Drive

Hnh 2.2: Mt s loi b nh ngoi

2.1.2 B x l trung ng (CPU)


B x l trung ng ch huy cc hot ng ca my tnh theo lnh v thc hin cc
php tnh. CPU c 3 b phn chnh: khi iu khin, khi tnh ton s hc v logic, v mt
s thanh ghi.

- Khi iu khin (CU: Control Unit)


L trung tm iu hnh my tnh. N c nhim v gii m cc lnh, to ra cc tn
hiu iu khin cng vic ca cc b phn khc ca my tnh theo yu cu ca ngi s
dng hoc theo chng trnh ci t.

- Khi tnh ton s hc v logic (ALU: Arithmetic-Logic Unit)


Bao gm cc thit b thc hin cc php tnh s hc (cng, tr, nhn, chia, ...), cc
php tnh logic (AND, OR, NOT, XOR) v cc php tnh quan h (so snh ln hn, nh
hn, bng nhau, ...)

- Cc thanh ghi (Registers)


c gn cht vo CPU bng cc mch in t lm nhim v b nh trung gian. Cc
thanh ghi mang cc chc nng chuyn dng gip tng tc trao i thng tin trong my
tnh.
Ngoi ra, CPU cn c gn vi mt ng h (clock) hay cn gi l b to xung
nhp. Tn s ng h cng cao th tc x l thng tin cng nhanh. Thng th ng h
c gn tng xng vi cu hnh my v c cc tn s dao ng (cho cc my Pentium 4
tr ln) l 2.0 GHz, 2.2 GHz, ... hoc cao hn.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 11

Chng 2: CU TRC TNG QUT CA MY TNH IN T

2.1.3 Cc thit b xut/ nhp

Cc thit b nhp:

- Bn phm (Keyboard, thit b nhp chun): l thit b nhp d liu v cu lnh, bn


phm my vi tnh ph bin hin nay l mt bng cha 104 phm c cc tc dng khc nhau.
C th chia lm 3 nhm phm chnh:
+ Nhm phm nh my: gm cc phm ch, phm s v phm cc k t c bit
(~, !, @, #, $, %, ^,&, ?, ...).
+ Nhm phm chc nng (function keypad): gm cc phm t F1 n F12 v cc
phm nh (phm di chuyn tng im), phm PgUp (ln trang mn hnh), PgDn
(xung trang mn hnh), Insert (chn), Delete (xa), Home (v u), End (v cui)
+ Nhm phm s (numeric keypad) nh NumLock (cho cc k t s), CapsLock
(to cc ch in), ScrollLock (ch cun mn hnh) th hin cc n ch th.
- Chut (Mouse): l thit b cn thit ph bin hin nay, nht l cc my tnh chy
trong mi trng Windows. Con chut c kch thc va nm tay di chuyn trn mt tm
phng (mouse pad) theo hng no th du nhy hoc mi tn trn mn hnh s di chuyn
theo hng tng ng vi v tr ca ca vin bi hoc tia sng (optical mouse) nm di
bng ca n. Mt s my tnh c con chut c gn trn bn phm.
- My qut hnh (Scanner): l thit b dng nhp vn bn hay hnh v, hnh chp
vo my tnh. Thng tin nguyn thy trn giy s c qut thnh cc tn hiu s to thnh
cc tp tin nh (image file).

Cc thit b xut:

- Mn hnh (Screen hay Monitor, thit b xut chun): dng th hin thng tin cho
ngi s dng xem. Thng tin c th hin ra mn hnh bng phng php nh x b nh
(memory mapping), vi cch ny mn hnh ch vic c lin tc b nh v hin th
(display) bt k thng tin no hin c trong vng nh ra mn hnh.
Mn hnh ph bin hin nay trn th trng l mn hnh mu SVGA 15,17, 19 vi
phn gii c th t 1280 X 1024 pixel.
- My in (Printer): l thit b xut a thng tin ra giy. My in ph bin hin nay
l loi my in ma trn im (dot matrix) loi 24 kim, my in phun mc, my in laser trng
en hoc mu.
- My chiu (Projector): chc nng tng t mn hnh, thng c s dng thay
cho mn hnh trong cc bui Seminar, bo co, thuyt trnh,

Mn hnh (Monitor/Screen)
K my tnh (Computer case)
a (Drive)
Con chut (Mouse)
Bn phm (Keyboard)

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 12

Chng 2: CU TRC TNG QUT CA MY TNH IN T

2.2 PHN MM (SOFTWARE)


2.2.1Khi nim phn mm
Phn mm l mt b chng trnh cc ch th in t ra lnh cho my tnh thc hin
mt iu no theo yu cu ca ngi s dng. Chng ta khng th thy hoc s c
phn mm, mc du ta c th hin th c chng trnh trn mn hnh hoc my in. Phn
mm c th c v nh phn hn ca my tnh m phn cng ca n c xem nh phn
xc.

2.2.2 Phn loi phn mm


C 2 loi phn mm c bn:

- Phn mm h thng (Operating System Software)


L mt b cc cu lnh ch dn phn cng my tnh v cc phn mm ng dng
lm vic vi nhau. Phn mm h thng ph bin hin nay Vit nam l MS-DOS, LINUX
v Windows. i vi mng my tnh ta cng c cc phn mm h iu hnh mng
(Network Operating System) nh Novell Netware, Unix, Windows NT/ 2000/ 2003, ...

- Phn mm ng dng (Application Software)


Phn mm ng dng rt phong ph v a dng, bao gm nhng chng trnh c
vit ra cho mt hay nhiu mc ch ng dng c th nh son tho vn bn, tnh ton, phn
tch s liu, t chc h thng, bo mt thng tin, ha, chi games.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 13

Chng 3: H IU HNH

CHNG 3: H IU HNH
--- oOo ---

3.1 KHI NIM V H IU HNH


H iu hnh (Operating System) l tp hp cc chng trnh to s lin h gia
ngi s dng my tnh v my tnh thng qua cc lnh iu khin. Khng c h iu hnh
th my tnh khng th hot ng c. Chc nng chnh ca h iu hnh l:
- Thc hin cc lnh theo yu cu ca ngi s dng my,
- Qun l, phn phi v thu hi b nh ,
- iu khin cc thit b ngoi vi nh a, my in, bn phm, mn hnh,...
- Qun l tp tin,...
Hin nay c nhiu h iu hnh khc nhau nh MS-DOS, UNIX, LINUX, Windows
95, Windows 98 , Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003,...

3.2 CC I TNG DO H IU HNH QUN L


3.2.1 Tp tin (File)
Tp tin l tp hp thng tin/ d liu c t chc theo mt cu trc no
. Ni dung ca tp tin c th l chng trnh, d liu, vn bn,... Mi tp tin
c lu ln a vi mt tn ring phn bit. Mi h iu hnh c qui c t
tn khc nhau, tn tp tin thng c 2 phn: phn tn (name) v phn m rng
(extension). Phn tn l phn bt buc phi c ca mt tp tin, cn phn m
rng th c th c hoc khng.
- Phn tn: Bao gm cc k t ch t A n Z, cc ch s t 0 n 9, cc k t khc
nh #, $, %, ~, ^, @, (, ), !, _, khong trng. Phn tn do ngi to ra tp tin t. Vi MSDOS phn tn c ti a l 8 k t, vi Windows phn tn c th t tti a 128 k t.
- Phn m rng: thng dng 3 k t trong cc k t nu trn. Thng thng phn
m rng do chng trnh ng dng to ra tp tin t t.
- Gia phn tn v phn m rng c mt du chm (.) ngn cch.
V d: CONG VAN.TXT
phn tn

QBASIC.EXE

AUTOEXEC.BAT

M_TEST

phn m rng

Ta c th cn c vo phn m rng xc nh kiu ca file:


COM, EXE
: Cc file kh thi chy trc tip c trn h iu hnh.
TXT, DOC, ...
: Cc file vn bn.
PAS, BAS, ...
: Cc file chng trnh PASCAL, DELPHI, BASIC, ...
WK1, XLS, ...
: Cc file chng trnh bng tnh LOTUS, EXCEL ...
BMP, GIF, JPG, ...
: Cc file hnh nh.
MP3, DAT, WMA, : Cc file m thanh, video.
K hiu i din (Wildcard)
ch mt nhm cc tp tin, ta c th s dng hai k hiu i din:
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 14

Chng 3: H IU HNH
Du ? dng i din cho mt k t bt k trong tn tp tin ti v tr n xut hin.
Du * dng i din cho mt chui k t bt k trong tn tp tin t v tr n xut
hin.
V d:

Bai?.doc

Bai1.doc, Bai6.doc, Baiq.doc,

Bai*.doc

Bai.doc, Bai6.doc, Bai12.doc, Bai Tap.doc,

BaiTap.*

BaiTap.doc, BaiTap.xls, BaiTap.ppt, BaiTap.dbf,

3.2.2 Th mc (Folder/ Directory)


Th mc l ni lu gi cc tp tin theo mt ch no theo ngi s
dng. y l bin php gip ta qun l c tp tin, d dng tm kim chng khi
cn truy xut. Cc tp tin c lin quan vi nhau c th c xp trong cng mt
th mc.
Trn mi a c mt th mc chung gi l th mc gc. Th mc gc khng c tn
ring v c k hiu l \ (du x phi: backslash). Di mi th mc gc c cc tp tin
trc thuc v cc th mc con. Trong cc th mc con cng c cc tp tin trc thuc v
th mc con ca n. Th mc cha th mc con gi l th mc cha.
Th mc ang lm vic gi l th mc hin hnh.
Tn ca th mc tun th theo cch t tn ca tp tin.

3.2.3 a (Drive)
a l thit b dng c v ghi thng tin, cc a thng dng l:
- a mm: thng c tn l a A:, dng cho vic c v ghi thng tin ln a
mm.
- a cng: c t tn l C:,D:,... c tc truy xut d liu nhanh hn a
mm nhiu ln. Mt my tnh c th c mt hoc nhiu a cng.
- a CD: c cc loi nh: loi ch c th c gi l a CD-ROM, loi khc cn
c th ghi d liu ra a CD gi l CD-RW, ngoi ra cn c a DVD.

3.2.4 ng dn (Path)
Khi s dng th mc nhiu cp (cy th mc) th ta cn ch r th mc cn truy xut.
ng dn dng ch ng i n th mc cn truy xut (th mc sau cng). ng
dn l mt dy cc th mc lin tip nhau v c phn cch bi k hiu \ (du x phi:
backslash).
V d: Gi s trn a S c cy th mc:
S:\

Ly Thuyet, Thuc Hanh l 2 th mc


cng cp v l th mc con ca th
mc gc S:\

Phan I, Phan II l 2 th mc cng


cp v l th mc con ca th mc
Ly Thuyet. Ly Thuyet l th mc
cha ca Phan I, Phan II

ng dn ca th mc Phan I:

Ly Thuyet
Phan I
Phan II
Thuc Hanh
Windows

S:\Ly Thuyet\ Phan I

Word
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Can Ban
Nang Cao

ng dn ca th mc Nang Cao:
S:\Thuc Hanh\ Word\ NangTrang
Cao 15

Chng 3: H IU HNH

3.3 GII THIU H IU HNH WINDOWS


3.3.1 S lc v s pht trin ca Windows
Windows l mt b chng trnh do hng Microsoft sn xut. T version 3.0 ra i
vo thng 5 nm 1990 n nay, Microsoft khng ngng ci tin lm cho mi trng ny
ngy cng c hon thin.
Windows 95: vo cui nm 1995, Vit nam xut hin mt phin bn mi ca
Windows m chng ta quen gi l Windows 95. Nhng ci tin mi ca Windows 95
c lit k tm tt nh sau:
- Giao din vi ngi s dng c thit k li hon ton nn vic khi ng cc
chng trnh ng dng cng cc cng vic nh m v lu ct cc t liu, t chc cc ti
nguyn trn a v ni kt vi cc h phc v trn mng - tt c u tr nn n gin v d
dng hn.
- Cho php t tn cho cc tp tin di n 255 k t. iu ny rt quan trng v
nhng tn di s gip ta gi nh n ni dung ca tp tin.
- H tr Plug and Play, cho php t ng nhn din cc thit b ngoi vi nn vic ci
t v qun l chng tr nn n gin hn.
- H tr tt hn cho cc ng dng Multimedia. Vi s tch hp Audio v Video ca
Windows 95, my tnh c nhn tr thnh phng tin gii tr khng th thiu c.
- Windows 95 l h iu hnh 32 bit, v vy n tng cng sc mnh v kh nng
vn hnh ln rt nhiu.
- Trong Windows 95 c cc cng c c ci tin nhm chun ha, ti u ha v
iu chnh cc s c. iu ny gip bn yn tm hn khi lm vic vi my vi tnh trong
mi trng ca Windows 95.
Tm li, vi nhng tnh nng mi u vit v tch hp cao, Windows 95 tr thnh
mi trng lm vic c ngi s dng a chung v tin dng.
Windows 98, Windows Me: l nhng phin bn tip theo ca Windows 95, nhng
phin bn ny tip tc pht huy v hon thin nhng tnh nng u vit ca Windows 95 v
tch hp thm nhng tnh nng mi v Internet v Multimedia.
Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003: l nhng h iu
hnh c pht trin cao hn, c dng cho cc c quan v doanh nghip. Giao din ca
nhng h iu hnh ny tng t nh Windows 98/ Windows Me. im khc bit l
nhng h iu hnh ny c tnh nng bo mt cao, v vy n c s dng cho mi trng
c nhiu ngi dng.
Gio trnh ny s trnh by da vo h iu hnh Windows XP.

3.3.2 Khi ng v thot khi Windows XP


Khi ng Windows XP
Windows XP c t ng khi ng sau khi bt my. S c thng bo yu cu nhp
vo ti khon (User name) v mt khu (Password) ca ngi dng. Thao tc ny gi l
ng nhp (logging on).
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 16

Chng 3: H IU HNH
Mi ngi s dng s c mt tp hp thng tin v cc la chn t thit lp cho mnh
(nh dng v mn hnh, cc chng trnh t ng chy khi khi ng my, ti nguyn/
chng trnh c php s dng, v.v...) gi l user profile v c Windows XP lu gi
li s dng cho nhng ln khi ng sau.

ng Windows XP:
Khi mun thot khi Windows XP, bn phi ng tt c cc ca s ang m. Tip
theo bn nhn t hp phm Alt + F4 hoc chn menu Start (nu khng nhn thy nt Start
pha di bn gc tri mn hnh th bn nhn t hp phm Ctrl + Esc) v chn Turn Off
Computer. Sau thao tc ny mt hp thoi s xut hin nh bn di.
Nu bn chn Turn Off, ng dng ang
chy s c ng li v my s t ng tt.
Nu v mt l do no m my tnh khng
sn sng ng (cha lu d liu cho mt
ng dng hoc s trao i thng tin gia hai
my ni mng ang tip din v.v..) th s c
thng bo x l.
Ch : nu khng lm nhng thao tc
ng Windows nh va ni trn m tt
my ngay th c th s xy ra vic tht lc
mt phn ca ni dung cc tp tin dn n
trc trc khi khi ng li ln s dng tip
theo.

Hnh 3.1: ng Windows XP

3.3.3 Mt vi thut ng thng s dng


Cc biu tng (icon)
Biu tng l cc hnh v nh c trng cho mt i tng no
ca Windows hoc ca cc ng dng chy trong mi trng Windows.
Pha di biu tng l tn biu tng. Tn ny mang mt ngha nht
nh, thng thng n din gii cho chc nng c gn cho biu tng
(v d n mang tn ca 1 trnh ng dng).

My Computer

S dng chut trong Windows


Chut l thit b khng th thiu khi lm vic trong mi trng Windows XP. Con
tr chut (mouse pointer) cho bit v tr tc ng ca chut trn mn hnh. Hnh dng ca
con tr chut trn mn hnh thay i theo chc nng v ch lm vic ca ng dng. Khi
lm vic vi thit b chut bn thng s dng cc thao tc c bn sau :
+ Point: tr chut trn mt phng m khng nhn nt no c.
+ Click: nhn nhanh v th nt chut tri. Dng la chn thng s, i tng
hoc cu lnh.
+ Double Click (D_Click ): nhn nhanh nt chut tri hai ln lin tip. Dng
khi ng mt chng trnh ng dng hoc m th mc/ tp tin.
+ Drag (ko th): nhn v gi nt chut tri khi di chuyn n ni khc v bung
ra. Dng chn mt khi vn bn, di chuyn mt i tng trn mn hnh
hoc m rng kch thc ca ca s...
+ Right Click (R_Click): nhn nhanh v th nt chut phi. Dng m menu tng
ng vi i tng chn cc lnh thao tc trn i tng .
Ch :
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 17

Chng 3: H IU HNH
- a s chut hin nay c bnh xe trt hoc nt y gia dng cun mn
hnh lm vic c nhanh hn v thun tin hn.
- Trong Windows cc thao tc c thc hin mc nhin vi nt chut tri, v
vy trnh lp li, khi ni Click (nhn chut) hoc D_Click (nhn p chut) th c
ngm hiu l nt chut tri. Khi no cn thao tc vi nt chut phi s m t r rng.

3.3.4 Gii thiu mn hnh nn (Desktop) ca Windows XP


Mn hnh nn (Desktop)

Biu
t

Li
tt

Thanh
tc v

St t

Hnh 3.2: Mn hnh nn (Desk top) ca Windows XP


Nm cui mn hnh l thanh tc v (Taskbar). Bn tri mn hnh l biu tng My
Documents, My Computer, My Network Places, Recycle Bin, ...
Cc biu tng c mi tn mu en nh ( gc di bn tri) gi l li tt (shortcut).

Nhng biu tng trn mn hnh nn


My Computer
Biu tng ny cho php duyt nhanh ti nguyn trn my tnh. Khi m My
Computer (bng thao tc D_Click hoc R_Click/ Open trn biu tng ca n), ca s xut
hin nh hnh 3.3.
Ca s bn tri:
- System Tasks: cho php
chn thc hin mt s cng
vic h thng ca my.
- Other Places: cho php chn
cc thnh phn khc trong
my.
Ca s bn phi:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 18
Hnh 3.3: Ca s My Computer

Chng 3: H IU HNH
Theo ngm nh ca s ny cha biu tng ca tt c cc a mm, a cng
cc b, a CD, ...
Khi D_Click trn cc biu tng trong ca s ny s c cc ca s cp nh hn c
m. Do , bng cch m dn cc ca s t ngoi vo trong bn c th duyt tt c ti
nguyn cha trong my tnh.
My Network Places
Nu m ca s My Network Places bn s thy tn v cc ti nguyn ca cc my
tnh trong mng my tnh cc b (LAN) ca bn. T y bn c th truy cp cc ti nguyn
c chia s m bn c cp quyn s dng.
Recycle Bin
Recycle Bin l ni lu tr tm thi cc tp tin v cc i tng b xo. Nhng i
tng ny ch tht s mt khi bn xa chng trong ca s Recycle Bin hoc R_Click vo
biu tng Recycle Bin ri chn Empty Recycle Bin. Nu mun phc hi cc tp tin hoc
cc i tng b xa, bn chn i tng cn phc hi trong ca s Recycle Bin, sau
R_Click/ Restore.
Folder
Folder c gi l tp h s hay biu tng nhm hay th mc. Folder l ni
qun l cc Folder khc (cp thp hn) v cc tp tin.
Menu Start
Khi Click ln nt Start trn thanh Taskbar, thc n Start s c m v sn sng
thi hnh cc chng trnh ng dng. Ngoi ra trn thc n ny bn cn c th thc hin
cc thao tc tm kim v nh cu hnh cho my tnh.
Cc li tt (biu tng chng trnh - Shortcuts)
Cc li tt gip bn truy nhp nhanh mt i tng no , v d mt
chng trnh, mt a cng, mt th mc v.v... m 1 i tng, bn
D_Click trn Shortcut ca n hoc R_Click/Open.
Menu i tng
Trong Windows XP khi bn R_Click trn mt biu tng ca mt i tng, mt
menu tng ng vi i tng s c m ra bn chn cc lnh trn i tng .
Trong cc phn tip theo, nhng menu nh vy s c gi l menu i tng.

3.3.5 Ca s chng trnh


Ca s v cc thnh phn ca ca s
Control Box

Title bar

Menu bar

Minimize

Maximize/Restore

Toolbar
Status bar
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Vertical scroll bar


Horizontal scroll bar
Trang 19

Chng 3: H IU HNH

Cc thao tc trn mt ca s
- Di chuyn ca s: Drag thanh tiu ca s (Title bar) n v tr mi.
- Thay i kch thc ca ca s: Di chuyn con tr chut n cnh hoc gc ca s,
khi con tr chut bin thnh hnh mi tn hai chiu th Drag cho n khi t c kch
thc mong mun.
- Phng to ca s ra ton mn hnh: Click ln nt Maximize

- Phc hi kch thc trc ca ca s: Click ln nt Restore

- Thu nh ca s thnh biu tng trn Taskbar: Click ln nt Minimize

- Chuyn i gia cc ca s ca cc ng dng ang m: chuyn i gia cc


ng dng nhn t hp phm Alt + Tab hoc chn ng dng tng ng trn thanh Taskbar.
- ng ca s: Click ln nt Close

ca ca s hoc nhn t hp phm Alt + F4.

3.3.6 Hp hi thoi (Dialogue box)


Trong khi lm vic vi Windows v cc chng tnh ng dng chy di mi trng
Windows bn thng gp nhng hp hi thoi. Cc hp thoi ny xut hin khi n cn
thm nhng thng s thc hin lnh theo yu cu ca bn.
Cc thnh phn ca hp hi thoi
Nt ng
(Close)

Tn hp thoi
Cc lp

Tr gip
(Help)

Hp vn bn
(Text box)
Hp lit k th
(Drop down
list box)

Hp lit k
(List box)

Hp kim tra
(Check box)

Khung hin th
(Preview)

Nt lnh
(Command)
Hnh 3.5: Cc thnh phn ca hp hi thoi
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 20

Chng 3: H IU HNH
Thng thng, trn mt hp hi thoi s c cc thnh phn sau:
9 Hp vn bn (Text box): dng nhp thng tin.
9 Hp lit k (List box): lit k sn mt danh sch c cc mc c th chn la, nu s
mc trong danh sch nhiu khng th lit k ht th s xut hin thanh trt cun
danh sch.
9 Hp lit k th (Drop down list box/ Combo box): khi nhp chut vo nt th th s
bung xung mt danh sch, trong lit k cc mc v cho chn.
9 Hp kim tra (Check box): cho php chn mt
hoc nhiu mc khng loi tr ln nhau.
9 Nt tu chn (Option button): bt buc phi
chn mt trong s cc mc. Nhng la chn ny
l loi tr ln nhau.
9 Nt lnh (Command button): dng xc nhn
lnh cn thc thi.
Cc nt lnh thng dng:
Hnh 3.6: Cc tu chn
o OK: thc hin lnh theo thng s chn.
o Close: gi li cc thng s chn v ng hp thoi.
o Cancel (hay nhn phm Esc): khng thc hin lnh v ng hp thoi.
o Apply: p dng cc thng s chn.
o Default: t mc nh theo cc thng s chn.

3.3.7 Sao chp d liu trong Windows


Trong Windows vic sao chp d liu trong mt ng dng hoc gia cc ng dng
c thc hin thng qua b nh m (Clipboard). Ti mt thi im, b nh m ch
cha mt thng tin mi nht. Khi mt thng tin khc c a vo b nh m th thng
tin trc s b xo. Khi thot khi Windows th ni dung trong b nh m cng b xo.
Khi mun sao chp d liu t mt v tr no dn vo mt v tr khc, cn thc
hin bn thao tc theo trnh t sau y:
- Xc nh i tng cn sao chp.
- Thc hin lnh sao chp Edit/ Copy hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + C hoc R_Click/
Copy chp i tng vo b nh m.
- Xc nh v tr cn chp ti.
- Thc hin lnh dn Edit/ Paste hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + V hoc R_Click/
Paste dn d liu t b nh m vo v tr cn chp.

3.3.8 Cch khi ng v thot khi cc chng trnh


Khi ng chng trnh ng dng
C nhiu cch khi ng mt chng trnh ng dng trong Windows:

9 Khi ng t Start Menu


Chn Start/ Programs[/ Nhm chng trnh]/ Tn chng trnh ng dng

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 21

Chng 3: H IU HNH

9 Khi ng bng lnh Run


Click vo nt Start trn thanh Taskbar,
chn lnh Run s xut hin hp thoi Run nh
hnh bn.
- Nhp y ng dn v tn tp tin
chng trnh vo mc Open hoc Click chn
nt Brown chn chng trnh cn khi
ng.
- Chn OK khi ng chng trnh.

Hnh 3.7: Hp thoi lnh Start/ Run

9 Dng Shortcut khi ng cc chng trnh


D_Click hoc R_Click/ Open vo Shortcut ca cc ng dng m bn mun khi
ng. Cc Shortcut c th c t trong mt Folder hoc ngay trn mn hnh nn.
Shortcut thc cht l mt con tr n i tng (hoc c th coi l mt ng dn), v th
bn c th xo n m khng nh hng n chng trnh ng dng.

9 Khi ng t cc Folder
Khi tn ca mt chng trnh ng dng khng hin ra trn menu Start th cch tin
li nht bn khi ng n l m t cc Folder, D_Click hoc R_Click/ Open trn biu
tng ca chng trnh ng dng cn m hoc trn biu tng ca mt tp tin tng ng.

Thot khi chng trnh ng dng


thot khi mt ng dng ta c th dng 1 trong cc cch sau y:
- Nhn t hp phm Alt + F4
- Click vo nt Close ( gc trn bn phi ca thanh tiu ).
- Chn menu File/ Exit.
- D_Click ln nt Control Box ( gc trn bn tri ca thanh tiu ).
- Click ln nt Control Box. Click chn Close.
Khi ng 1 ng dng, nu d liu ca ng dng ang lm vic cha c lu li th
n s hin th hp thoi nhc nh vic xc nhn lu d liu. Thng thng c 3 chn la:

Hnh 3.8.: Thng bo nhc nh lu d liu


9

Yes: lu d liu v thot khi chng trnh ng dng.

No: thot khi chng trnh ng dng m khng lu d liu.

Cancel: hy b lnh, tr v chng trnh ng dng.

T ng chy mt ng dng khi khi ng Windows


Trn thc t c 1 s chng trnh bn mun n khi ng ngay khi bt u phin lm
vic vi Windows. Gi s bn thng xuyn phi son tho vn bn trong mi trng
Windows XP v v th bn mun chng trnh g ting Vit Vietkey phi c t ng
m ngay khi va khi ng Windows. Mun vy bn phi to shortcut cho tp tin
Vietkey.exe v t n trong biu tng nhm Startup.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 22

Chng 3: H IU HNH

3.3.9 Menu Documents


Trong qu trnh thc hin, Windows XP ghi nhn li cc tp tin va mi dng gn
nht v lu tn cc tp tin ny trong mt menu con (Documents) ca menu Start. m
mt tp tin va mi dng bn chn lnh Start/ Documents v Click vo tn ca tp tin cn
m.
xo ni dung trong menu Documents ta thc hin:
Start/ Settings/ Taskbar/ Start Menu Programs/ Clear

3.3.10 Tm kim d liu


Chc nng ny cho php tm kim cc tp tin, cc th mc v c tn ca cc my
tnh trn mng LAN. Sau khi tm thy i tng, bn c th lm vic trc tip vi kt
qu tm kim trong ca s Search Results.

Tm kim tp tin v th mc
Chn lnh Start/ Search/ For Files or Folders, s xut hin ca s Search Results, bn
Click chn All files and folders.

Hnh 3.9: Ca s Search Results


All or part of the file name: nhp tn th mc hay tp tin cn tm, c th s dng k
t i din * v ?
A word or pharse in the file: nhp t/ cm t trong ni dung tp tin cn tm.
Look in: ni tm kim, bn c th nhp vo tn ca a, ng dn m t vic
tm kim s c thc hin. Theo ngm nh, Windows tm kim c trong a hoc trong
th mc ch nh trong khung Look in cng vi mi th mc con ca n.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 23

Chng 3: H IU HNH
Ngoi ra ta c th thay i cc la chn c th tm nhanh v chnh xc hn vi cc
thuc tnh nh sau:
When was it modified?
Cho php tm kim cc tp tin v th mc da theo ngy sa i.
Trong mc ny cc ty chn p dng cho nhng tp tin v th mc c to ra
hoc c sa i trong mt khong thi gian no . Chn khai bo thi gian theo mt
trong cc la chn vi ngha:
Dont remember: khng xc nh thi gian (tm tt c).
Within the last week: tm cc tp tin trong
vng 1 tun gn y nht.
Past month: tm cc tp tin trong vng 1 thng
gn y nht.
Within the past year: tm cc tp tin trong vng
1 nm gn y nht.
Specify dates: tm cc tp tin trong mt khong
thi gian xc nh. C th chn theo ngy to
(Created Date), ngy cp nht (Modified Date),
hay ngy truy cp (Accessed Date).

Hnh 3.10: Tm theo thi gian

What size is it?


Cho php tm kim cc tp tin v th mc da theo kch thc tp tin.
Trong mc ny cc ty chn p dng tm nhng tp tin v th mc c kch thc
c xc nh trong mt khong no . Chn khai bo kch thc theo mt trong cc la
chn vi ngha:
Dont remember: khng xc nh kch thc (tm tt
c).
Small (less than 100 KB): tm cc tp tin c kch
thc nh (di 100 KB).
Midium (less than 1 MB): tm cc tp tin c kch
thc va phi (di 1 MB).
Large (more than 1 MB): tm cc tp tin c kch
thc ln (trn 1 MB).

Hnh 3.11: Tm theo


kch thc

Specify size (in KB): tm cc tp tin c kch thc ti


thiu (at least) hay ti a (at most) trong mt gii hn no .
More advanced options?
Cho php thay i mt s tu chn nng cao khc.
Type of file: kiu tp tin cn tm (tp tin
vn bn, hnh nh, bng tnh, th mc, ..).
Search system folders: tm/ khng tm
trong th mc h thng.
Search hidden files and folders: tm/
khng tm tp tin/ th mc n.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Hnh 3.12: Cc tu chn Trang


khc 24

Chng 3: H IU HNH
Search subfolders: tm/ khng tm trong th mc con.
Case Sensitive: phn bit/ khng phn bit ch hoa/ thng.
Search tape backup: tm/ khng tm trong a d phng.
Sau khi khai bo xong cc d liu tm kim, Click nt Search, chng trnh s tin
hnh tm v thng bo kt qu.

Lm vic vi cc kt qu tm kim
Sau khi tm kim, chng trnh a ra kt qu tm kim pha bn phi ca hp
thoi Search Results. Bn c th lm vic vi ca s kt qu nh vi mt ca s tp h s
thng thng (nh thay i th t sp xp hoc dng cc lnh ca menu View hin th
cc kiu th hin khc nhau, kim tra tnh cht ca cc i tng trong danh sch kt qu
v.v...). Bn cng c th khi ng mt i tng va tm thy bng cch D_Click trn tn
ca i tng .

3.4 THAY I CU HNH MY TNH


Windows XP cho php bn thay i cu hnh cho ph hp vi cng vic hoc s
thch ca bn thng qua bng iu khin Control Panel (vo menu Start, chn menu
Settings/ Control Panel).
T bng iu khin Control Panel bn c th thit lp cu hnh cho h thng, thay
i ngy gi, ci t thm Font ch, thit b phn cng, phn mm mi hoc loi b chng
i khi khng cn s dng na.

3.4.1 Ci t v loi b Font ch


Font ch l s th hin cc dng khc nhau ca k t. Ngoi cc Font ch c sn ta
c th ci t thm nhng Font ch khc hoc loi b cc Font ch khng s dng. Mun
ci t hay loi b cc Font ch, ta chn lnh Start/ Settings/ Control Panel/ Fonts, xut
hin ca s Fonts nh hnh 3.13.
Xo b font ch
- Chn nhng Font cn xa b.
- Chn File/ Delete (hoc nhn
phm Delete).
Thm font ch mi
T ca s Fonts, chn lnh
File/Install New Font, xut hin hp
thoi Add Fonts. Trong hp thoi ny,
ta ch ra ni cha cc Font ngun mun
ci thm bng cch chn tn a v
Folders cha cc tp tin Font ch, sau
chn cc tn Font v Click OK.

Hnh 3.13: Ca s Fonts

3.4.2 Thay i thuc tnh ca mn hnh


Chn lnh Start/ Settings/ Control Panel/ Display hoc R_Click trn mn hnh nn
(Desktop), chn Properties. Xut hin ca s Display Properties (Hnh 3.14) vi cc thnh
phn nh sau:

Desktop
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 25

Chng 3: H IU HNH
Chn nh nn cho Desktop bng cch Click chn cc nh nn c sn hoc Click vo
nt Browse chn tp tin nh khng c trong danh sch nhng nh c sn.

Screen Saver
Thit lp ch bo v mn hnh, cho php chn cc chng trnh Screen Saver
c ci sn trong my v cho php thit lp mt khu thot khi ch Screen Saver.
Ch khi no bn nhp ng mt khu th chng trnh Screen Saver mi cho php bn tr
v ch lm vic bnh thng.

Appearance:
Thay i mu sc, Font ch v c ch ca cc Menu, Shortcut, Title bar.

Hnh 3.14: Ca s Display Properties

Settings:
Thay i ch mu v phn gii ca mn hnh.
- Ch mu cng cao th hnh nh cng p v r nt. Cc ch mu ph bin l
256 mu, 64.000 mu (16 bits) , 16 triu mu (24 bits). Ch mu trn mi my tnh c
th khc nhau ty thuc vo dung lng b nh ca card mn hnh.
- phn gii cng ln th mn hnh cng hin th c nhiu thng tin nhng cc
i tng trn mn hnh s thu nh li. Cc ch phn gii mn hnh thng dng l
640x480, 800x600, 1024x768. Tu theo loi mn hnh m Windows c th hin th cc ch
phn gii khc nhau.

3.4.3 Ci t v loi b chng


trnh
ci t cc chng trnh mi hoc
loi b cc chng trnh khng cn s dng
bn nhn p chut vo biu tng Add or
Remove Programs trong ca s Control Panel,
xut hin hp thoi nh hnh di y:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 26
Hnh 3.15: Nhm Change or Remove
Programs

Chng 3: H IU HNH
Nhm Change or Remove Programs: cho php cp nht hay loi b chng trnh ng
dng c sn.
- Chn chng trnh mun cp nht/ loi b.
- Chn Change cp nht chng trnh hay Remove loi b khi khng cn s
dng na.

Nhm Add new Programs: Cho php ci t


thm chng trnh ng dng hoc cp nht li
Windows (trc tip qua Internet).
- Chn CD or Floppy ci t chng
trnh ng dng mi, khi Windows s
yu cu bn ch ra ni cha chng trnh
m bn mun ci t, thng cc tp tin
ny s c tn l Setup.exe hoc
Install.exe. Bn c th nhp tn v ng
dn ca tp tin ny vo hp vn bn Open
hoc nhn chut vo nt Browse ch ra
tp tin (Hnh 3.16).

Hnh 3.16: Chn tp tin ci t

- Chn Windows Update cp nht li h iu hnh Windows (thm, cp nht cc


chc nng mi).
Nhm Add/ Remove Windows
components: cho php ci t/ loi b
cc thnh phn trong h iu hnh
Windows (thng qua d liu trong a
CD/ a cng).

Hnh 3.17: Ci t/ loi b cc thnh phn


trong Windows

3.4.4 Cu hnh ngy, gi cho h thng


Bn c th thay i ngy gi ca h thng
bng cch D_Click ln biu tng ng h trn
thanh Taskbar hoc chn lnh Start/ Settings/
Control Panel, chn nhm Date/Time
- Date & Time: thay i ngy, thng, nm,
gi, pht, giy.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 27
Hnh 3.18: nh ngy gi

Chng 3: H IU HNH
- Time Zone: thay i mi gi, cho php chnh li cc gi tr mi gi theo khu vc
hoc tn cc thnh ph ln.
- Internet Time: cho php ng b ho theo gi ca my ch Internet.

3.4.5 Thay i thuc tnh ca bn phm v chut


Thay i thuc tnh ca bn phm:
Lnh Start/ Settings/ Control Panel/ KeyBoard cho php thay i tc bn phm.
9 Repeat delay: thay i thi gian tr cho ln lp li u tin khi nhn v gi
phm.
9 Repeat rate: thay i tc lp li khi
nhn v gi mt phm.
9 Cursor blink rate: thay i tc ca du
nhy.

Hnh 3.19: Thay i thuc tnh


ca bn phm
Thay i thuc tnh ca thit b chut:
Lnh Start/ Settings/ Control Panel/ Mouse cho
php thay i thuc tnh ca thit b chut nh tc ,
hnh dng con tr chut...
9 Lp Buttons: thay i chc nng gia chut
tri v chut phi (thun tay tri hay phi) v
tc nhp p chut.
9 Lp Pointers: cho php chn hnh dng tr
chut trong cc trng thi lm vic.
9 Lp Pointer Options: cho php thay
i tc v hnh dng tr chut khi r
hoc ko chut.
Hnh 3.20: Thay i thuc tnh
ca thit b chut

3.4.6 Thay i thuc tnh vng


(Regional Settings)
Bn c th thay i cc thuc tnh nh nh
dng tin t, n v o lng... bng cch chn
lnh Start/ Settings/ Control Panel/ Regional and
Language Options
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 28
Hnh 3.21: Thay i nh dng s

Chng 3: H IU HNH
Lp Regional Options: Thay i thuc tnh vng (M, Php,...), vic chn mt vng
no s ko theo s thay i cc thuc tnh ca Windows.
Click chn Customize, ca s Customize Regional Options xut hin cho php thay
i quy c v s, tin t, thi gian, ngy thng.
Number: Thay i nh dng s, cho php nh dng vic hin th gi tr s:
- Decimal symbol: Thay i k hiu phn cch hng thp phn.
- No. of digits after decimal: Thay i s cc s l phn thp phn.
- Digit grouping symbol: Thay i k hiu phn nhm hng ngn.
- Digit grouping: Thay i s k s trong mt nhm (mc nhin l 3).
- Negative sign symbol: Thay i k hiu ca s m.
- Negative number format: Thay i dng th hin ca s m.
- Display leading zeroes: Hin th hay khng hin th s 0 trong cc s ch c phn
thp phn: 0.7 hay .7.
- Measurement system: Chn h thng o lng nh cm, inch,
- List separator: Chn du phn cch gia cc mc trong mt danh sch.
Currency: Thay i nh dng tin t ($,VND,...)
Time: Thay i nh dng thi gian, cho php bn nh dng th hin gi trong
ngy theo ch 12 gi hay 24 gi
Date: Thay i nh dng ngy thng
(Date), cho php bn chn cch th hin d
liu ngy theo 1 tiu chun no .
Short date format: cho php chn quy
c nhp d liu ngy thng.
V d: ngy/thng/nm (d/m/yy)
hoc thng/ngy/nm (m/d/yy)
Quy c:
d/ D (date): dng ch ngy
m/ M (month): dng ch thng
y/ Y (year): dng ch nm
Hnh 3.22: Thay i nh dng ngy thng

3.5 MY IN
Trong phn ny s gii thiu mt s thao tc c bn trn my in nh ci t my in
mi, nh cu hnh cho my in, qun l vic in n,

3.5.1 Ci t thm my in
Vi mt s my in thng dng Windows tch hp sn chng trnh iu khin
(driver) ca cc my in, tuy nhin cng c nhng my in m trong Windows khng c sn
driver, trong trng hp ny ta cn phi c a driver i km vi my in.
Cc bc ci t my in:
- Chn lnh Start/ Settings/ Printers and Faxes
- Click chn Add a Printer, xut hin hp thoi Add Printer Wizard
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 29

Chng 3: H IU HNH
- Lm theo cc bc hng dn ca trnh Wizard.

3.5.2 Loi b my in ci t
- Chn lnh Start/ Settings/ Printers and Faxes
- Click chut chn my in mun loi b
- Nhn phm Delete, sau chn Yes b, ngc li th chn No.

3.5.3 Thit lp my in mc nh
Nu my tnh c ci nhiu my in, ta c th mt my in lm t my in mc nh
bng cch chn my in ri chn File/ Set as Default Printer hoc R_Click/ Set as
Default Printer.

3.5.4 Ca s hng i in (Print Queue)


Nhn p chut ln biu tng my in trong ca s Printers and Faxes hoc biu
tng my in thanh Taskbar. Khi xut hin hp thoi lit k hng i cc ti liu ang
in nh hnh 3.23:

Hnh 3.23: Ca s hng i in


Mun loi b mt ti liu trong hng i in th nhn chut chn ti liu v nhn
phm Delete.

3.6 Taskbar AND Start Menu


Chn lnh Start/ Settings/ Taskbar and Start Menu
Lp Taskbar
- Lock the Taskbar: kho thanh
Taskbar.
- Auto hide: cho t ng n thanh
Taskbar khi khng s dng.
- Keep the Taskbar on top of other
windows: cho thanh Taskbar hin ln pha
trc cc ca s.
- Group similar taskbar buttons:
cho hin cc chng trnh cng loi theo
nhm.
- Show Quick Launch: cho hin th
cc biu tng trong Start menu vi kch
thc nh trn thanh Taskbar.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 30
Hnh 3.24: Lp Taskbar

Chng 3: H IU HNH
- Show the Clock: cho hin th ng h trn thanh Taskbar
- Hide inactive icons: cho n biu tng cc chng trnh khng c kch hot.
Lp Start Menu
Cho php chn hin th Menu Start theo dng c (Classic Start Menu) hay dng mi
(Start Menu).
Click chn lnh Customize, ca s Customize xut hin theo dng c nh hnh 3.26
cho php thc hin mt s thay i cho Menu Start.
Nt Add: thm mt biu tng chng trnh (Shortcut) vo menu Start.
Nt Remove: xa b cc biu tng nhm (Folder) v cc biu tng chng
trnh trong menu Start.
Nt Clear: xa cc tn tp tin trong nhm Documents trong menu Start.

Hnh 3.25: Lp Start Menu

Hnh 3.26: Ca s Customize

Nt Advanced: thm, xa, sa, to cc biu tng nhm (Folder) v cc biu


tng chng trnh (Shortcut) trong menu Start
Khi Click vo nt Advanced, xut hin ca s Start Menu cho php to, xo, i
tn th mc/ li tt trong menu Start.
9 To Shortcut/ Folder trn
menu Start
- Click chn Folder cha.
- Nu to Folder, chn File
hoc R_Click, chn New/ Folder.
- Nu to Shortcut, chn File
hoc R_Click, chn New/ Shortcut.
- Sau t tn cho Folder/
Shortcut.
9 Xa Folder/ Shortcut khi
menu Start
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 31
Hnh 3.27: Ca s Start Menu

Chng 3: H IU HNH
Chn Folder/ Shortcut cn xa v nhn phm Delete.
9 i tn Folder/ Shortcut
R_Click vo Folder/ Shortcut cn i tn, chn Rename, nhp tn mi.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 32

Chng 4: QUN L D LIU BNG WINDOWS EXPLORER

CHNG 4: QUN L D LIU BNG


WINDOWS EXPLORER
--- oOo ---

4.1. GII THIU


Windows Explorer l mt chng trnh c h tr t phin bn Windows 95 cho
php ngi s dng thao tc vi cc ti nguyn c trong my tnh nh tp tin, th mc,
a v nhng ti nguyn khc c trong my ca bn cng nh cc my tnh trong h thng
mng (nu my tnh ca bn c ni mng).
Vi Windows Explorer, cc thao tc nh sao chp, xa, i tn th mc v tp tin,...
c thc hin mt cch thun tin v d dng.
Khi ng chng trnh Windows Explorer: bn c th thc hin mt trong
nhng cch sau:
- Chn lnh Start/ Programs/ Accessories/ Windows Explorer
- R_Click ln Start, sau chn Explore
- R_Click ln biu tng My Computer, sau chn Explore
Ca s lm vic ca Windows Explorer:
Thanh a ch
(Address Bar)

Th mc
(Folder)

a
(Drive)
Tp tin
(File)

Cy th mc

Hnh 4.1: Ca s Windows Explorer


- Ca s tri (Folder) l cu trc cy th mc. N trnh by cu trc th mc ca cc
a cng v cc ti nguyn km theo my tnh, bao gm a mm, a cng, a CD...

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 33

Chng 4: QUN L D LIU BNG WINDOWS EXPLORER


Nhng i tng c du cng (+) pha trc cho bit i tng cn cha nhng
i tng khc trong n nhng khng c hin th. Nu Click vo du + th Windows
Explorer s hin th cc i tng cha trong i tng . Khi , du + s i thnh du
-, v nu Click vo du - th i tng s c thu gn tr li.
- Ca s phi lit k ni dung ca i tng c chn tng ng bn ca s tri.
Thanh a ch (Address):
Cho php nhp ng dn th mc/ tp tin cn ti hoc xc nh ng dn hin
hnh.
Cc nt cng c trn thanh Toolbar:
- Back: Chuyn v th mc trc .
- Up: Chuyn ln th mc cha.
- Forward: Chuyn ti th mc va quay v (Back).
- Search: Tm kim tp tin/ th mc.
- Folder: Cho php n/ hin ca s Folder bn tri.

- Views: Cc ch hin th cc i tng (tp tin/ th mc/ a)

Ni dung trong ca s c th c sp xp th hin theo th t. i vi kiu th hin


Details, bn c th thc hin bng cch lun phin nhn chut ln ct tng ng (Name,
Size, Type, Date Modified).
Trong cc kiu th hin khc bn c th thc hin bng lnh View/ Arrange Icons
By v la chn tip mt trong cc kha sp xp (theo tn, kch c tp tin, kiu tp tin, hoc
ngy thng cp nht).
Trong kiu th hin bng cc biu tng ln v biu tng nh bn c th
Windows sp xp t ng bng lnh View/ Arrange Icons By / Auto Arrange. Tu chn
Auto Arrange ch p dng cho ca s ca th mc hin hnh.

4.2. THAO TC VI CC TH MC V TP TIN


4.2.1. M tp tin/ th mc:
C ba cch thc hin :
9 Cch 1: D_Click ln biu tng ca tp tin/
th mc.
9 Cch 2: R_Click ln biu tng ca tp tin/
th mc v chn mc Open.
9 Cch 3: Chn tp tin/ th mc v nhn phm
Enter.
Nu tp tin thuc loi tp tin vn bn th chng
trnh ng dng kt hp s c khi ng v ti liu s
c np vo.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 34
Hnh 4.2: Chn lnh m tp tin

Chng 4: QUN L D LIU BNG WINDOWS EXPLORER


Trong trng hp chng trnh ng dng khng c ci t trong my tnh th
Windows s m hp thoi Open With v cho chn chng trnh kt hp. Nu tp tin thuc
dng chng trnh ng dng th chng trnh tng ng s c khi ng.

4.2.2. Chn tp tin/ th mc:


- Chn mt tp tin/ th mc: Click ln biu tng tp tin/ th mc.
- Chn mt nhm tp tin/ th mc: c th thc hin theo 2 cch:
Cc i tng cn chn l mt danh sch gm cc i tng lin tc: Click ln
i tng u danh sch chn, sau nhn gi phm Shift v Click ln i
tng cui danh sch.
Cc i tng cn chn nm ri rc nhau: nhn gi phm Ctrl v Click chn
cc i tng tng ng.

4.2.3. To th mc
- Chn ni cha th mc cn to (th mc/ a ca s bn tri).
- Chn menu File/ New/ Folder hoc R_Click/ New/ Folder.
- Nhp tn th mc mi, sau g Enter kt thc.

4.2.4. Sao chp th mc v tp tin


Chn cc th mc v tp tin cn sao chp. Sau c th thc hin theo mt trong hai
cch sau:
Cch 1: Nhn gi phm Ctrl v Drag i tng chn n ni cn chp.
Cch 2: Nhn t hp phm Ctrl + C (hoc Edit/ Copy hoc R_Click v chn
Copy) chp vo Clipboard, sau chn ni cn chp n v nhn t hp
phm Ctrl + V (hoc Edit/ Paste hoc R_Click v chn Paste).

4.2.5. Di chuyn th mc v tp tin


Chn cc th mc v tp tin cn di chuyn. Sau c th thc hin theo mt trong
hai cch sau:
Cch 1: Drag i tng chn n ni cn di chuyn.
Cch 2: Nhn t hp phm Ctrl + X (hoc Edit/ Cut hoc R_Click v chn Cut)
chp vo Clipboard, sau chn ni cn di chuyn n v nhn t hp phm
Ctrl + V (hoc Edit/ Paste hoc R_Click v chn Paste).

4.2.6. Xo th mc v tp tin
- Chn cc th mc v tp tin cn xa.
- Chn File/ Delete
hoc: Nhn phm Delete
hoc: R_Click v chn mc Delete.
- Xc nhn c thc s mun xo hay khng (Yes/ No)

4.2.7. Phc hi th mc v tp tin


Cc i tng b xa s c a vo Recycle Bin. Nu mun phc hi cc i
tng xa, bn thc hin cc thao tc sau y:
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 35

Chng 4: QUN L D LIU BNG WINDOWS EXPLORER


- D_Click ln biu tng Recycle Bin
- Chn tn i tng cn phc hi.
- Thc hin lnh File/ Restore hoc R_Click v chn mc Restore.
Ghi ch: Nu mun xa hn cc i tng, ta thc hin thao tc xa mt ln na i
vi cc i tng trong Recycle Bin. Nu mun xo hn tt c cc i tng trong
Recycle Bin, R_Click ln mc Recycle Bin v chn mc Empty Recycle Bin.

4.2.8. i tn th mc v tp tin
- Chn i tng mun i tn
- Thc hin lnh File/ Rename hoc nhn phm F2 hoc R_Click trn i tng v
chn mc Rename
- Nhp tn mi, sau g Enter kt thc.
Ghi ch: vi tp tin ang s dng th cc thao tc di chuyn, xo, i tn khng th
thc hin c.

4.2.9. Thay i thuc tnh tp tin v th mc:


- Nhn chut phi ln i tng mun thay i thuc tnh v chn mc Properties
- Thay i cc thuc tnh.
- Chn Apply xc nhn thay i, ngc li th nhn Cancel.

4.3. THAO TC VI CC LI TT
(Shortcuts)
4.3.1. To li tt trn mn hnh nn
R_Click ln mn hnh nn, chn New/ Shortcut.
Trong mc Type the location of the item, nhp
ng dn ca i tng cn to li tt ( a/ th
mc/ tp tin, ) hoc Click ln nt Brown
chn ng dn cho i tng. Click Next qua
bc k tip.
Nhp tn cho li tt cn to.
Click Finish hon thnh .

4.3.2. Cc thao tc vi li tt

Hnh 4.3: To li tt

i tn cho li tt.
-

R_Click ln li tt, chn Rename.

Nhp tn mi cho li tt.

Nhn Enter.

Xo b li tt
-

Chn li tt cn xo.

Nhn phm Delete hoc R_Click ln li tt, chn Delete.

Xc nhn c thc s mun xo hay khng (Yes/ No).

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 36

Chng 4: QUN L D LIU BNG WINDOWS EXPLORER

Thay i thuc tnh cho li tt


R_Click ln li tt, chn Properties.
-

Lp General: cho php chn thuc tnh ch c (Read-only), hay n (Hidden).

Lp Shortcut: cho php chn thay i mt s la chn sau:


Shortcut key: gn phm nng cho li tt.
V d: nhn phm A (nu mun t phm nng cho li tt l Ctrl + Alt + A,
mc nhin phi c Ctrl + Alt). Khi mun m i tng ta ch cn nhn t
hp phm va gn.
Run: chn ch hin th mn hnh khi m (bnh thng/ thu nh/ phng to).
Change Icon: thay i biu tng ca li tt.

4.4. Thao tc vI a
4.4.1. Sao chp a mm:
Bn thc hin cc thao tc nh sau:
- a a ngun vo a mm.
- R_Click vo biu tng a mm, chn mc Copy Disk, sau chn Start.
- Khi xut hin hp thng bo Copy disk, th bn ly a ngun ra v a a ch
vo, nhp OK.
Ch : ton b d liu trong a ch s b xo v khng th phc hi c.

4.4.2. nh dng a
- R_Click vo tn ca a (c th a mm hoc a
cng) cn nh dng, sau chn mc Format.
- Nu mun t tn cho a th nhp vo mc Volume
label, mun nh dng nhanh (ch xo d liu) th chn mc
Quick Format, mun dng lm a khi ng th chn mc
Create an MS-DOS startup disk.
- Nhp chn Start tin hnh nh dng.
Ch : d liu trong a s b xo hon ton, khng th
phc hi c.
Hnh 4.4: nh dng a

4.4.3. Hin th thng tin ca a


R_Click vo tn ca a cn hin th thng tin,
sau chn mc Properties.
- Lp General: cho bit dung lng a
(Capacity), s dng bao nhiu (Used space), ccn li
bao nhiu (Free space).

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 37
Hnh 4.5: Thng tin ca a

Chng 4: QUN L D LIU BNG WINDOWS EXPLORER


- Lp Tools: cung cp mt s cng c kim tra a (Error-checking), to a d
phng (Backup), chng phn mnh a (Defragment).
- Lp Sharing: cho php t cch thc chia s ti nguyn c trn a (vi my tnh
c ni mng).

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 38

Chng 5: S DNG TING VIT TRONG WINDOWS

CHNG 5: S DNG TING VIT


TRONG WINDOWS
--- oOo ---

5.1. GII THIU CC CHNG TRNH H TR


TING VIT
5.1.1. Vn ting Vit trong Windows
Hu ht cc phin bn ca h iu hnh Windows m chng ta ang s dng l phin
bn khng h tr ting Vit, v vy s dng c ting Vit trong Windows th cn phi
ci t thm cc font ch ting Vit v phn mm g ting Vit.
Cc phn mm g ting Vit thng dng trong Windows nh ABC, Vietware,
Vietkey, Unikey trong phn mm Vietkey v Unikey rt c a chung v c nhiu u
im hn so vi cc phn mm khc.

5.1.2. Font ch v Bng m


Mi font ch s i km vi mt bng m tng ng, do khi son tho ting Vit,
bn phi chn bng m ph hp vi font ch m bn ang s dng, nu chn khng ng
th cc t bn nhp vo s khng c hin th nh mun. Cc b font ch thng dng
hin nay l:
B Font VNI: y l b font ch kh p, cung cp rt nhiu font ch, tn font ch
bt u bng ch VNI.
B Font Vietware: b font ch Vietware c hai h: cc font ch c tn bt u bng
ch SVN l h font ch 1 byte, cc font ch c tn bt u bng ch VN l h font 2
byte.
B Font TCVN3: b font ch ny thng i km vi phn mm g ting Vit ABC,
y l b font chun ca quc gia, tn font ch bt u bng k t "." (du chm).
B Font Unicode: v mi quc gia u c ngn ng ring nn vic s dng 1 loi
font ch m c th hin th c tt c cc ngn ng l iu mong mun ca cc
chuyn gia v cng ngh thng tin v n thun tin cho vic x l thng tin.
S ra i ca b font Unicode cho php tch hp tt c cc k t ca cc ngn
ng trong 1 font ch duy nht. Hin ti, y l font ch chun ca nc ta cng nh
nhiu nc khc trn th gii. Do , khi hc cng nh khi khi s dng ting Vit
trn my tnh bn nn chn b font Unicode.
B Font ch

Bng m

Font ch thng dng

VNI

VNI Windows

VNI-Times

Vietware_X (2 byte)

Vietware

VNtimes new roman

Vietware_F (1 byte)

Vietware

SVNtimes new roman

TCVN3

TCVN3

.VnTime

Unicode

Unicode

Times New Roman, Arial

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 39

Chng 5: S DNG TING VIT TRONG WINDOWS

5.1.3. Cc kiu g ting Vit


C rt nhiu kiu g ting Vit trong Windows. V bn phm chng ta ang dng
khng c sn cc k t ting Vit nn g c cc k t ting Vit nh , , .. th
chng ta phi s dng cc t hp phm.
Mi kiu g ting Vit u c nhng u im v nhc im nht nh, hai kiu g
thng dng nht l kiu g Telex v VNI.
Qui tc g cc t hp phm cho kiu g Telex v VNI :
K t

Kiu Telex

aa

ee

oo

Ow; [

uw; w; ]

aw

dd

Kiu VNI

a6

e6

o6

o7

u7

a8

d9

Du

sc

huyn

hi

ng

nng

Kiu Telex

Kiu VNI

V d: mun g ch cn th
Kiu Telex: caanf thow hoc caafn thow
Kiu VNI : ca6n2 tho7 hoc ca62n tho7
Ghi ch: Bn c th b du lin sau nguyn m hoc b du sau khi nhp xong
mt t, nu b du sai th ch cn b du li ch khng cn phi xa t mi nhp.

5.2. S DNG

VIETKEY

5.2.1. Khi ng Vietkey


Thng thng Vietkey c ci ch khi ng t ng, bn c th tm thy biu
tng ca Vietkey thanh Taskbar nh khi Vietkey ang ch bt ting Vit hoc
khi ch tt ting Vit. Ngoi ra bn cng c th khi ng Vietkey nh cc ng
dng khc bng cch D_Click vo li tt ca Vietkey hnh nn hoc t menu Start chn
Programs/ Vietkey/ Vietkey

5.2.2. Cc thao tc c bn
Bt/ tt ting Vit
Click vo biu tng ca Vietkey (
thanh Taskbar) bt/tt ch g ting Vit.
Nu biu tng l th ch g ting Vit
ang bt, l th ch g ting Vit ang
tt. Bn cng c th s dng t hp phm
ALT-Z bt/ tt ch g ting Vit.

Hin th ca s Vietkey

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 40
Hnh 5.2: Chng trnh Vietkey

Chng 5: S DNG TING VIT TRONG WINDOWS

Hnh 5.1: Chn thao tc


vi Vietkey

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 41

Chng 5: S DNG TING VIT TRONG WINDOWS


R_Click vo biu tng Vietkey xut hin menu i tng (hnh 5.1) ri chn Hin ca
s Vietkey (nu ngn ng hin th l ting Vit) hoc chn Vietkey Panel, khi hp
thoi xut hin nh hnh 5.2.
Click vo nt Taskbar (hnh 5.2) thu nh ca s Vietkey thnh biu tng thanh
Taskbar.

Thay i ngn ng hin th


Bn c th thay i ngn ng hin th ca Vietkey t ting Anh sang ting Vit hoc
ngc li. Trong ca s Vietkey, Click vo mc Ty chn (hoc Options) hp thoi xut
hin nh hnh 5.2. Chn Hin th ting Vit chuyn sang ting Vit hoc b chn mc
Vietnamese Interface chuyn sang ting Anh.

Thay i bng m
- Chn mc Bng m (hoc Char sets) trong
ca s Vietkey, hp thoi xut hin nh hnh bn.
- Chn bng m cn i trong hp ty chn.
- Ngoi ra bn c th chn cc bng m
thng hay s dng trong menu i tng ca
Vietkey bng cch R_Click vo biu tng ca
Vietkey trn thanh Taskbar. Bng m hin hnh
c nh du bng k hiu ; (xem hnh 5.1)

Thay i kiu g

Hnh 5.3: Chn bng m

- Chn mc Kiu g (hoc Input methods)


trong ca s Vietkey ri chn kiu Telex hoc
VNI
- i vi kiu g Telex, khi mun g t ting
Anh (hoc khng phi l ting Vit) th bn phi g
lp du hoc lp nguyn m, khi Vietkey s t
nhn bit t bn mun g vo l t ting Anh, hoc
bn cng c th nhn t hp phm Shift tri + Shift
phi th Vietkey s tr li cho bn t m bn g
vo.
V d : nu bn mun g t Windows:
- G wwindows
- G ind ri nhn t hp phm Shift tri v
Shift phi.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Hnh 5.4: Chn kiu g

Trang 42

Chng 5: S DNG TING VIT TRONG WINDOWS

5.3. S DNG UNIKEY


5.3.1. Khi ng Unikey
Thng thng Unikey c ci ch khi ng t ng. Bn c th tm thy biu
tng ca Unikey thanh Taskbar nh khi Unikey ang ch bt ting Vit hoc
khi ch tt ting Vit. Ngoi ra bn cng c th khi ng Unikey nh cc ng
dng khc bng cch D_Click vo li tt ca Unikey hnh nn hoc t menu Start chn
Programs/Unikey.

5.3.2. Cc thao tc c bn
Bt/ tt ting Vit
Click vo biu tng ca Unikey ( thanh Taskbar) bt/ tt ch g ting Vit,
nu biu tng l th ch g ting Vit ang bt, l
th ch g ting Vit ang
tt. Bn cng c th s dng t hp phm ALT + Z hoc Ctrl + Shift (xem bng iu khin
ca Unikey nh hnh 5.6) bt/ tt ch g ting Vit.

S dng Bng iu khin ca Unikey


R_Click vo biu tng Unikey xut hin menu i tng (hnh 5.5) ri chn
Configuration (nu ngn ng hin th l ting Anh) hoc chn Bng iu khin, khi
hp thoi xut hin nh hnh 5.6.

Hnh 5.5: Chn thao tc


vi Unikey

Hnh 5.6: Chng trnh Unikey

Hp thoi ca Unikey c 2 ch :
- Ch m rng: cho php t tt c thng s hot ng ca Unikey
- Ch thu nh: ch t cc thng s thng s dng nht
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 43

Chng 5: S DNG TING VIT TRONG WINDOWS


chuyn i gia 2 ch ny ta Click vo nt Thu nh hoc M rng
Vietnamese interface/Giao dien tieng Viet: Chn ngn ng hin th l ting Anh
hay ting Vit
Bng m: Chn bng m ting Vit. Bn phi chn ng bng m tng ng vi
Font ting Vit ang s dng
Kiu g phm: Cho php chn kiu g ting Vit: Telex, VNI, ...
Phm chuyn: Thit lp t hp phm nng dng bt tt ting Vit bng: CTRL
+ SHIFT hoc ALT + Z.

5.4. Luyn nh my VI KP Typing Tutor


KP Typing Tutor l phn mm tng i nh, thun li cho vic luyn
tp kh nng s dng bn phm, tng tc , chnh xc khi nh my.

5.4.1. Khi ng KP Typing Tutor


-

Chn Start/ Programs/ KP/ KP Typing Tutor hoc D_Click vo li tt ca KP


Typing Tutor mn hnh nn. Ca s chng trnh xut hin nh hnh 5.7

Chn tn ngi hc trong Combo box Learner.

Chn OK

Hnh 5.7: Chn tn ngi hc

Hnh 5.8: Chng trnh


KP Typing Tutor

5.4.2. Cch t tay trn bn phm


g nhanh v chnh xc, trc ht bn phi t tay ng sao cho thun tin nht
khi s dng bn phm. Mi ngn tay c mt phm chnh ca n. Phm chnh ca mi ngn
c xc nh trn hng gia ca bn phm (A, S, D, F, G, ).
Bn tay tri: phm chnh ca ngn tr l F (km thm phm G), ngn gia l D,
ngn p t l S v ngn t l A.
Bn tay phi: phm chnh ca ngn tr l J (km thm phm H), ngn gia l K,
ngn p t l L v ngn t l ;

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 44

Chng 5: S DNG TING VIT TRONG WINDOWS

Hnh 5.9: Mn hnh bi tp Course


T cch t phm chnh cho mi ngn hng gia, bn cng p dng theo quy tc
tong t nh vy cho cc hng phm khc.
Dng mt trong hai ngn ci g phm trng (Space bar), ngn t g phm
Shift, ngn t phi cho phm Enter.
Ch : khi g bn khng nn nhn vo bn phm, hy tp lm quen vi v tr ca cc
phm, khi bn s g nhanh v chnh xc hn. V tr ngi (khong cch t mt n mn
hnh), v tr bn phm, hng nhn cng nh hng n vic s dng my v sc kho ca
bn.

5.4.3. Chn bi tp
Cho php chn bi tp ph hp vi kh nng s dng bn phm ca bn (Hnh 5.8).
9

Course: c 174 bi tp dng cho ngi mi bt u, g tng phm/ tng t.


Dng / chn bi tp sau/ trc bi hin hnh. Nhn Insert chn bi tu .

Sentence Drills: cho php tp g theo tng cu.

Free Drills: cho php chn t/ cu bt k tp g.

Paragraph Drills: cho php tp g theo tng on.

Game: cho php tp g nhanh v chnh xc theo kh ca cc cp tr chi


(1-10).

5.4.4. Thay i cc tu chn (Options)


Cho php thay i cc tu chn nh mu phm nhp nhy khi g, Font ch hin th,
thm/ xo ngi hc

5.4.5. Tr gip (Help)


Hng dn s dng chng trnh, cch t tay trn bn phm my tnh,

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 45

Chng 6: BO V D LIU V PHNG CHNG VIRUS

CHNG 6: BO V D LIU V PHNG


CHNG VIRUS
--- oOo ---

6.1. BO V D LIU
6.1.1. Gii thiu
Vic bo v d liu l vn m tt c cc ngi s dng my tnh phi quan tm.
D liu ca mi ngi dng c th khc nhau t cc tp tin vn bn n cc chng trnh
my tnh hoc cc d liu rt quan trng nh ti khon trong ngn hng, b mt quc gia.
Vic bo v d liu cng c nhng mc khc nhau ty vo tm quan trng ca d liu.
Cc tc nhn c th gy hi n d liu nh sau:
- Ha hon, thin tai, s c v phn cng, phn mm, Virus my tnh.
- S ph hoi ca gin ip, ca cc tin tc, s v ca ngi dng.

6.1.2. Nguyn tc bo v
Ty thuc vo tm quan trng ca d liu m ta s p dng nhng cch bo v khc
nhau, i vi nhng d liu thng thng th cch bo v hu hiu nht l to ra cc bn
sao ca d liu, cc bn sao ny c th c lu trn a mm, a nn hoc a CDROM. i vi cc d liu quan trng th ngi ta thng t ra cc qui tc rt nghim ngt
bt buc tt c cc ngi dng phi tun theo.

6.2. VIRUS MY TNH V CC BIN PHP PHNG


CHNG
6.2.1. Virus my tnh l g?
Virus tin hc (hay cn gi virus my tnh) l cc chng trnh c bit do con ngi
to ra n trong my tnh. Cc chng trnh ny c kh nng bm vo cc chng trnh khc
nh mt vt th k sinh. Chng cng t nhn bn tn ti v ly lan. Do cch thc hot
ng ca chng ging virus sinh hc nn ngi ta khng ngn ngi t cho chng ci tn
"Virus" y n tng ny.
Khi my tnh b nhim Virus th n c th c nhng biu hin khng bnh thng
nh khi ng lu hn, khng in c vn bn ra my in... nhng nhiu khi khng c biu
hin khc thng no ht.

6.2.2. Tnh cht v phn loi Virus


Ngi ta chia virus thnh 2 loi chnh l B-virus, loi ly vo cc mu tin khi ng
(Boot record) v F-virus ly vo cc tp tin thc thi (Executive file). Cch phn loi ny
ch mang tnh tng i, bi v trn thc t c nhng loi virus lng tnh va ly trn
boot record, va trn file thi hnh. Ngoi ra, ta cn phi k n h virus macro na.
B-virus: Nu boot my t mt a mm nhim B-virus, b nh ca my s b
khng ch, k tip l boot record ca a cng b ly nhim.
F-virus: Nguyn tc ca F-virus l thm on m lnh vo file thi hnh (dng
.COM v .EXE) mi ln file thc hin, on m ny s c kch hot, thng
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 46

Chng 6: BO V D LIU V PHNG CHNG VIRUS


tr trong vng nh, khng ch cc tc v truy xut file, d tm cc file thi hnh
cha b nhim virus khc t ly vo.
Macro virus: ly qua cc tp tin vn bn, Email, chn ngn ng Macro lm
phng tin ly lan.

6.2.3. Cc phng php phng v dit virus


phng F-virus: Nguyn tc chung l khng c chy cc chng trnh khng r
ngun gc. Hy dng cc chng trnh dit virus kim tra cc chng trnh ny trc
khi chp vo a cng ca my tnh.
phng Macro virus: h virus ny ly trn vn bn v bng tnh ca Microsoft. V
vy, khi nhn mt file DOC hay XLS no, bn hy nh kim tra chng trc khi m ra.
Dit Virus: pht hin v dit virus, ngi ta vit ra nhng chng trnh chng
virus, gi l anti-virus. Nu nghi ng my tnh ca mnh b virus, bn c th dng cc
chng trnh ny kim tra cc a ca my. Mt iu cn lu l nn chy anti-virus
trong tnh trng b nh tt (khi ng my t a mm sch) th vic qut virus mi
hiu qu v an ton, khng gy lan trn virus trn a cng. C hai loi anti-virus,
ngoi nhp v ni a:
+ Cc anti-virus ngoi ang c s dng ph bin l VirusScan ca McAfee, Norton
Anti-virus ca Symantec, Toolkit, Dr. Solomon... chng dit virus ngoi rt hiu
qu nhng khng dit c virus ni a.
+ Cc anti-virus ni thng dng l D2 v BKAV. y l cc phn mm min ph, cc
anti-virus ni a chy rt nhanh do chng nh gn, tm-dit hiu qu cc virus ni
a. Nhc im ca chng l kh nng nhn bit cc virus ngoi km.

6.2.4. Chng trnh dit virus BKAV


Chng trnh dit virus BKAV c pht trin t nm 1995 bi nhm
nghin cu l ging vin v sinh vin Trng i hc bch khoa H Ni.
Khi ng BKAV:
Chn Start/ Programs/ Bach khoa Antivirus/ Bkav 2002 hoc D_Click vo li tt
ca BKAV trn mn hnh nn. Giao din ca chng trnh BKAV nh hnh di:

Hnh 6.1: Chng trnh dit Virus BKAV


Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 47

Chng 6: BO V D LIU V PHNG CHNG VIRUS


Lp Tu chn (Options):
- Chn a: cho php chn v tr ( a/ th mc) cn qut.
- Chn kiu File: cho php chn kiu tp tin cn qut virus.
Thng thng th ch c cc tp tin chng trnh v tp tin vn bn mi cn phi qut
virus, cc tp tin loi khc t khi b virus ly nhim.
- La chn khc: cho php chn cc tu chn khi qut v khi ng chng trnh.
Lp Nht k (History):
Trong khi qut: lit k cc tp tin c qut virus.
Trc/ sau khi qut: lit k thng tin v cc tp tin b ly nhim virus v tnh trng
ca tp tin sau khi qut virus: dit thnh cng, khng dit c
Lp Lch qut (Schedule):
Cho php t lch qut virus t ng (hng ngy, hng tun, hng thng, )
Lp Virus list: lit k danh sch cc virus.
Lnh Qut (Scan): tin hnh qut/ ngng qut virus theo ng dn c ch ra
mc Chn a.
Lnh Thot (Exit): thot khi chng trnh.
Lnh Tr gip (Help): hng dn s dng chng trnh.

6.2.5. Chng trnh dit virus ca McAfee


Chng trnh ny do hng McAfee sn xut, n dit cc virus ngoi rt hiu
qu, tin cy cao. Chng trnh ny c nhiu phin bn chy trn cc h iu
hnh khc nhau.

Phin bn dng cho my trm: McAfee Professional

Khi ng McAfee Professional


- Chn Start/ Programs/ McAfee/ VirusScan Professional Edition hoc D_Click
ln li tt chong trnh.
- Click chn Scan for viruses now. Mn hnh ca VirusScan xut hin nh hnh sau:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn


Hnh 6.2: Chng trnh McAfee Professional ca McAfee

Trang 48

Chng 6: BO V D LIU V PHNG CHNG VIRUS

Thc hin qut virus:


-

Chn a/ th mc cn qut (mc nhin qut ton b my tnh).

Scan settings: cho php t li cc thng s khi qut.

Scan: tin hnh qut virus theo cc thng s chn.


Phin bn dng cho my ch (Server): VirusScan Enterprise

Khi ng VirusScan Enterprise


Sau khi ci t xong, ng dng ny s chy dng dch v (service), tc l t ng
chy khi Windows khi ng.
Thc hin qut virus:
-

Nhn chut phi vo biu tng ca VirusScan chn On-Demand Scan kch
hot ca s dit virus.

Hnh 6.3: Chng trnh VirusScan Enterprise ca McAfee


-

Chn Add, Edit, Remove thm, thay i hoc loi b nhng i tng s c
kim tra virus.

Ty chn:
+ Include subfolders: kim tra v dit c nhng th mc con.
+ Scan boot sectors: kim tra v dit trong boot sectors.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 49

Chng 6: BO V D LIU V PHNG CHNG VIRUS


-

Nhn Start bt u

Ch : ta cn c th khi ng VirusScan t menu i tng ca Windows Explorer


bng cch R_Click vo mt tp tin hoc a no ri chn Scan with McAfee
VirusScan (vi McAfee Professional) hay Scan for viruses (vi VirusScan Enterprise).
Tm li:
Vic bo v d liu v phng chng virus l vn chng ta phi lun quan tm.
bo v d liu ca bn c hiu qu bn cn phi lun ghi nh nhng iu sau y:
- Lun to ra cc bn sao i vi cc d liu quan trng, v bn sao ny phi c
ct gi ni an ton.
- Lun lun qut virus trn cc a mm l trc khi m cc tp tin hoc chy
chng trnh trn a . Cc a CD cng c th cha cc chng trnh nhim virus.
- Thng xuyn cp nht cc chng trnh dit virus v virus mi c th pht sinh
mi ngy, chng trnh dit virus c khng th dit c virus mi.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 50

Chng 15: GII THIU MICROSOFT EXCEL

CHNG 15: GII THIU MICROSOFT


EXCEL
--- oOo --Microsoft Excel (gi tt: Excel) l mt loi bng tnh in t c dng t chc,
tnh ton bng nhng cng thc (Formulas), phn tch v tng hp s liu. Cc nhim v
m bn c th thc hin vi Excel t vic vit mt ha n ti vic to biu 3-D hoc
qun l s k ton cho doanh nghip.
Chng m u ny s em n cho bn lt nhanh qua khng gian lm vic ca
Excel, cc kiu d liu v cch to mt bng tnh n gin.

15.1.CC KHI NIM C BN


15.1.1. Gi ng dng Microsoft Excel
Cch 1: Chn lnh Start/Programs/Microsoft Excel
Cch 2: D_Click vo biu tng Microsoft Excel trong mn hnh nn (Desktop).
Cch 3: D_Click ln tp tin Excel c sn trong my.

15.1.2. Thot khi Microsoft Excel


Cch 1: Click vo nt Close

Cch 2: Chn lnh File/ Exit.


Cch 3: Nhn t hp phm Alt + F4.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 15: GII THIU MICROSOFT EXCEL

15.1.3. Mn hnh ca Microsoft Excel

Thanh cng thc


(Formula Bar)

Vng nhp
d liu

Ch
Tn Sheet

Hnh 15.1: Mn hnh ca Microsoft Excel


Cc thanh cng c: ngoi cc thanh cng c tng t nh ca Word, Excel c thm
thanh cng thc (Formula Bar) dng nhp d liu, cng thc vo hin hnh.
Bt/ tt thanh ny, vo menu View/ Formula Bar

15.2.CU TRC CA MT WORKBOOK


Mt tp tin ca Excel c gi l mt Workbook v c phn m rng mc nhin
.XLS. Mt Workbook c xem nh l mt ti liu gm nhiu t.
Mi t gi l mt Sheet, c ti a 255 Sheet, mc nhin ch c 3 Sheet. Cc Sheet
c t theo tn mc nhin l: Sheet1, Sheet2, ...

15.2.1. Cu trc ca mt Sheet


Mi mt sheet c xem nh l mt bng tnh gm nhiu hng, nhiu ct.
- Hng (row): c ti a l 65.536 hng, c nh s t 1 n 65.536
- Ct (column): c ti a l 256 ct, c nh s t A, B,...Z,AA,AB...AZ, ...IV
- (cell): l giao ca ct v hng, d liu c cha trong cc , gia cc c li
phn cch.
Nh vy mt Sheet c 65.536 (hng) * 256 (ct) = 16.777.216 ()
Mi c mt a ch c xc nh bng tn ca ct v s th t hng, v d
C9 ngha l ct C v hng th 9.
- Con tr : l mt khung nt i, cha con tr c gi l hin hnh.
Cch di chuyn con tr trong bng tnh:
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 122

Chng 15: GII THIU MICROSOFT EXCEL


+ S dng chut: Click vo cn chn.
+ S dng bn phm:
, : Ln, xung 1 hng.
, : Qua tri, phi 1 .
PageUp: Ln 1 trang mn hnh.
PageDown: Xung 1 trang mn hnh
Ctrl + PageUp: Sang tri 1 trang mn hnh
Ctrl + PageDown: Sang phi 1 trang mn hnh
Ctrl + Home: V A1
- Vng (Range/ Block/ Array/ Reference): gm nhiu lin tip nhau theo dng hnh
ch nht, mi vng c mt a ch c gi l a ch vng. a ch vng c xc nh
bi a ch ca gc trn bn tri v gc di bn phi, gia a ch ca 2 ny l
du hai chm (:).
V d C5:F10 l mt vng ch nht nh v bng u tin l C5 v cui l F10
- Gridline: Trong bng tnh c cc ng li (Gridline) dng phn cch gia cc
. Mc nhin th cc ng li ny s khng c in ra. Mun bt/ tt Gridline, vo lnh
Tools/ Options/ View, sau Click vo mc Gridline bt/ tt ng li.

15.2.2. Mt s thao tc trn Sheet


-

Chn Sheet lm vic: Click vo tn Sheet.

i tn Sheet: D_Click ngay tn Sheet cn i tn, sau nhp vo tn mi.

Chn thm mt Sheet: chn lnh Insert/WorkSheet.

Xa mt Sheet: chn Sheet cn xa, chn lnh Edit/ Delete Sheet.

Ghi ch: c th thc hin cc thao tc


trn bng cch R_Click ln tn Sheet ri
chn lnh cn thc hin.

Hnh 15.2: Mt s thao tc trn Sheet

15.3.CCH NHP D LIU


15.3.1. Mt s qui nh chung
Khi mi ci t th Excel s dng cc thng s mc nhin (theo ngm nh). thay
i cc thng s ny theo mun, bn chn lnh Tools/ Options.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 15: GII THIU MICROSOFT EXCEL

Hnh 15.3: Lp General

Hnh 15.4: Lp Edit

15.3.2. Cch nhp d liu vo mt


- a con tr n cn nhp.
- Nhp d liu vo.
- Kt thc qu trnh nhp bng phm ENTER (hoc ), hy b d liu ang
nhp bng phm Esc.
Ghi ch: Mun hiu chnh d liu nhp ta chuyn con tr n cn hiu chnh
ri nhn phm F2 hoc D_Click vo cn hiu chnh ri tin hnh hiu chnh d liu.

15.4.CC KIU D LIU V CCH NHP


Microsoft Excel t ng nhn din kiu d liu khi bn nhp d liu vo. Cng vic
ca bn l xc nh ng kiu d liu tin cho vic tnh ton v nh dng.

15.4.1. D liu kiu s


Khi nhp vo s bao gm: 0..9, +, -, *, /, (, ), E, %, $ th s mc nhin c canh l
phi trong . Excel s hiu d liu kiu s khi bn nhp d liu kiu s ng theo s nh
dng ca Windows (ngy v gi cng c lu tr nh mt tr s), ngc li n s hiu l
d liu kiu chui.

D liu dng s (Number)


t quy nh v cch nhp v hin th s trong Windows: chn lnh
Start/Settings/Control Panel/ Regional and Language Options/ Chn lp Number:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 124

Chng 15: GII THIU MICROSOFT EXCEL

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Du phn cch thp phn.


S ch s thp phn.
Du phn cch hng nghn.
S s hng nhm hng nghn.
Du ph nh (s m).
nh dng s m.
nh dng s thc nh hn 1.
Du phn cch tham s hm.
H thng o lng.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Hnh 15.5: Quy nh cch nhp v hin th s


V d:
- S 1234.56 c th nhp theo cc cch nh sau:
1234.56

S thun tu, khng nh dng.

1,234.56

Kt hp nh dng phn cch hng nghn (Comma).

$1234.56

Kt hp nh dng k hiu tin t (Currency).

$1,234.56

Kt hp nh dng k hiu tin t v phn cch hng nghn.

- S 0.25 c th nhp theo cc cch nh sau:


0.25 hoc .25

S thun tu, khng nh dng.

25%

Kt hp nh dng phn trm (Percent).

2.5E-1

Kt hp nh dng khoa hc (Scientific).

D liu dng ngy (Date)


Microsoft Excel s hiu d liu kiu Date khi ta nhp vo ng theo s qui nh ca
Windows mc nhin l thng/ngy/nm (m/d/yy). Ngc li Excel s hiu l kiu chui.
Mc nhin d liu kiu Date c canh phi trong .
D liu kiu Date c xem nh l d liu kiu s vi mc thi gian l ngy
1/1/1900 (c gi tr l 1), ngy 22/1/1900 c gi tr l 22,
kim tra v thay i qui nh khi nhp d liu kiu Date cho Windows: chn lnh
Start/ Settings/ Control Panel/ Regional and Language Options/ Chn lp Date, khi
xut hin hp thoi:
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 125

Chng 15: GII THIU MICROSOFT EXCEL

1. Dng hin th ngy/thng/ nm.

2. Nhp vo du phn cch ngy,


thng, nm.
3. Dng ngy thng y .

1
2

Hnh 15.6: Thay i qui nh kiu Date

D liu dng gi (Time)


Microsoft Excel s hiu d liu kiu Time khi ta nhp vo ng theo s qui nh ca
Windows mc nhin l gi:pht:giy bui (hh:mm:ss AM/PM). Ngc li Excel s hiu l
kiu chui. Mc nhin d liu kiu Time c canh phi trong .
D liu kiu Time cng c xem nh l d liu kiu s. 0:0:0 c gi tr l 0, 24:0:0
c gi tr l 1, 36:0:0 c gi tr l 1.5,
Khi nhp d liu kiu Time, c th b qua tn bui (AM/ PM)
V d: 16:30:36 c th nhp l 16:30:36 hoc 4:30:36 PM

15.4.2. D liu kiu chui (Text)


Khi nhp vo bao gm cc k t ch v ch s. Mc nhin d liu kiu chui s
c canh l tri trong .
Lu :
- Nu mun nhp chui s th thc hin mt trong 2 cch:
Cch 1: Nhp du nhy n ( ) trc khi nhp d liu s.
Cch 2: Xc nh khi cn nhp d liu kiu chui s, chn lnh
Format/Cells/Number/Text.
- Chui xut hin trong cng thc th phi c bao quanh bi du nhy kp .

15.4.3. D liu kiu cng thc (Formula)


Microsoft Excel s hiu d liu kiu cng thc khi ta nhp vo bt u bng du =.
i vi d liu kiu cng thc th gi tr hin th trong khng phi l cng thc m l kt
qu ca cng thc (c th l mt tr s, mt ngy thng, mt gi, mt chui hay mt
thng bo li). Cng thc c xem nh l s kt hp gia cc ton t v ton hng.
+ Cc ton t c th l: +, -, *, /, &,^, >, <, >=, <=, = ,<>.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 126

Chng 15: GII THIU MICROSOFT EXCEL


+ Cc ton hng c th l: hng, hm, a ch , a ch vng.
V d:

=SQRT(A1)+10*B3
=RIGHT(Microsoft Excel,5)
=MAX(3,-7,0,SUM(A2:A10))

Nu trong cng thc c nhiu du ngoc th qui tc tnh nh sau:


9 Ngoc trong tnh trc, ngoc ngoi tnh sau.
9 Trong ngoc tnh trc, ngoi ngoc tnh sau.
9 u tin cao tnh trc, u tin thp tnh sau.
9 Bn phi tnh trc, bn tri tnh sau.

u tin ca cc ton t
U TIN

TON T

NGHA

()

Du ngoc n

Lu tha

Du cho s m

*, /

Nhn/ chia

+, -

Cng/ tr

=, <>
>, >=
<, <=

Bng nhau, khc nhau


Ln hn, ln hn hoc bng
Nh hn, nh hn hoc bng

NOT

Ph nh

AND

V (iu kin ng thi)

OR

Hoc (iu kin khng ng thi)

10

&

Ton t ghp chui

V d: Tnh gi tr biu thc:


2^6 * 3 - 5*6 + (22 16) / 3
= 64 * 3 30 + 6 / 3 = 192 30 + 2 = 164

Bng chn tr ca cc hm NOT, AND, OR


A
B
False False
False True
True False
True True

NOT (A)
True
True
False
False

AND (A, B)
False
False
False
True

OR (A, B)
False
True
True
True

C hai cch nhp cng thc


V d: nhp cng thc =A2+B2+C2 vo D2
Cch 1: nhp trc tip
9 t con tr ti D2.
9 Nhp =A2+B2+C2

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 127

Chng 15: GII THIU MICROSOFT EXCEL


9 G phm Enter.
Cch 2: nhp theo kiu tham chiu (kt hp chut/ bn phm chn , vng)
9 t con tr ti D2.
9 Nhp =
9 Chn A2, nhp +, chn B2, nhp +,
chn C2
9 G phm Enter.

Hnh 15.7: Nhp cng thc


theo kiu tham chiu

15.5.CC LOI A CH V CC THNG BO LI


THNG GP
15.5.1. Cc loi a ch

a ch tng i
- Qui c vit: <tn ct><ch s hng>, chng hn A1, B2, ...

- Trong qu trnh sao chp cng thc th cc a ch ny s t ng thay i theo


hng, ct bo tn mi quan h tng i.
V d: Gi s C3 c cng thc =A1+1, trong A1 gi l lin h.
C3 c mi lin h vi A1 nh sau:
C3 cch A1 hai ct v pha tri

=A1+1

v C3 cch A1 hai dng v pha trn.


=B3+1

Mi lin h ny phi c bo tn khi sao


chp cng thc ti C3 n a ch khc.
Khi sao chp cng thc ny ti D5 th cng
thc ti D5 c dng ging cng thc ti C3 nhng
a ch thay i, lin h trong cng thc ti
D5 l cch D5:

Hnh 15.8: a ch tng i

Hai ct v pha tri ct B


Hai dng v pha trn dng 3
Nh vy cng thc ti D5 phi l =B3+1

a ch tuyt i
- Qui c vit: $<tn ct>$<ch s hng>, chng hn $A$1, $B$2, ...
- Khi sao chp cng thc th cc a ch loi ny s khng bao gi thay i.
V d: Gi s C3 c cng thc =$A$1+1
Khi sao chp cng thc ny ti D5 th
cng thc ti D5 vn l =$A$1+1

=$A$1+1
=$A$1+1

Hnh 15.9: a ch tuyt i


Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 128

Chng 15: GII THIU MICROSOFT EXCEL

a ch bn tuyt i (a ch hn hp)
- Qui c vit: ct tuyt i: $<tn ct><ch s hng>
hng tuyt i: <tn ct>$<ch s hng>, chng hn $A1, B$2, ...
- Khi sao chp cng thc th cc a ch loi ny ch thay i thnh phn tng i
cn thnh phn tuyt i th khng thay i.
V d:
=A$1+1

=$A1+1

=B$1+1

=$A3+1

Hnh 15.10: a ch hn hp
Ghi ch : C th s dng phm F4 lun chuyn gia cc loi a ch trn.
=$C$3

=C3

=C$3

=$C3
Hnh 15.11: Chuyn i gia cc loi a ch

15.5.2. Cc thng bo li thng gp trong Excel


Khi Excel khng tnh c mt cng thc th chng trnh s bo li sai, bt u
bng du #. Sau y l cc li thng gp:
Li bo

Nguyn nhn

# DIV/0!

Trong cng thc c php tnh chia cho s khng (0)

#N/A

Cng thc tham chiu n c mc nhp #N/A hoc g mt s hm


khng c i s

#NAME?

Trong cng thc c mt tn m Excel khng hiu c

#NULL!

Xy ra khi xc nh giao gia 2 vng nhng trong thc t 2 vng


khng giao nhau

#NUM!

Xy ra khi d liu s c sai st

#REF!

Xy ra khi trong cng thc tham chiu n mt a ch khng hp l

#VALUE!

Trong cng thc c cc ton hng v ton t sai kiu

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 129

Chng 16: CC THAO TC C BN TRONG EXCEL

CHNG 16: CC THAO TC C BN


TRONG EXCEL
--- oOo --Sau khi nhp v hiu chnh thng tin trong cc ca bng tnh, bn c th hiu chnh
bng tnh nh thay i kch thc ca hng, ct, chn v xa hng v ct, sao chp d liu,
..., cng nh nh dng d liu lm ni bt nhng yu t quan trng v lm cho bng
tnh d c hn.
Trong chng ny bn s hc cch hiu chnh hng v ct ca bng tnh, nh dng
cch hin th ca d liu, canh l, chn Font ch, k khung v t mu, thay i chiu rng
ca ct v chiu cao ca hng, cc thao tc trn tp tin, ...

16.1.x L TRN VNG


Phn ny s gii thiu cho bn nhng k nng hiu chnh sau:
-

Cch chn cc v dy (Range).

t tn cho vng

Cch xa (Clear v Delete).

Cch sao chp d liu t ny sang khc v in y d liu.

Cch di chuyn d liu t ny sang khc.

16.1.1. Cc loi vng v cch chn

1
2

4
5
Hnh 16.1: Cc loi vng v cc chn
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 130

Chng 16: CC THAO TC C BN TRONG EXCEL

1. Chn ton b bng tnh.

3. Chn hng.

2. Chn ct.

4. Chn dy lin tc.

Loi vng
Vng ch mt

5. Chn dy khng lin tc.

Cch chn
Click vo cn chn.
- Mouse: Drag t u n cui ca vng.

Vng nhiu lin


tc

- Keyboard: a con tr v u tin, nhn gi phm


Shift kt hp vi cc phm mi tn.
- Mouse + Keyboard: a con tr v u tin, nhn
gi Shift, Click vo cui ca vng.

Nhiu cch
khong
Nhiu vng cch
khong
Nguyn ct
Nguyn dng
Ton b Sheet

Mt phn ca

Gi phm Ctrl, Click chn tng .


Gi phm Ctrl, Drag chn ln lt tng vng.
Click vo tn ct cn chn, Drag tip n ct
cui (nu chn nhiu ct).
Click vo ch s hng, Drag tip n hng cui
(nu chn nhiu hng).
Click vo nt u tin giao gia thanh cha tn
ct v thanh cha s ca hng; hoc nhn t hp
phm Ctrl + A.
D_Click vo cn chn (hoc t tr vo , g
phm F2), sau chn ging nh chn vn bn
thng thng.

16.1.2. t tn cho vng (Insert/ Name/ Define)


thun tin cho cc thao tc trn d
liu, ta c th t tn cho mt vng d liu
c chn nh sau:
-

Chn vng d liu cn t tn.

Chn lnh Insert/ Name/ Define.

Nhp tn vng vo mc Names in


workbook.

Click OK hoc Add.


Hnh 16.2: t tn cho vng

16.1.3. Xo b d liu (Edit/


Clear)
-

Chn vng d liu cn xo.

Chn lnh Edit/ Clear.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Tt c
nh dng
Ni dung
Ghi ch
Hnh 16.3: Xo b d liu
Trang 131

Chng 16: CC THAO TC C BN TRONG EXCEL


-

Chn cch xo d liu.

16.1.4. Sao chp d liu t ny sang khc v in d liu (Fill)


a. S dng chc nng Copy v Paste sao chp d liu
- Chn vng d liu ngun cn sao chp.
- Vo menu Edit/ Copy; hoc nhn Ctrl + C; hoc Click vo nt Copy

- Di chuyn con tr n u tin ca vng ch.


- Vo menu Edit/ Paste; hoc nhn Ctrl + V; hoc Click vo nt Paste

b. T ng in d liu bng tnh nng AutoFill v menu Insert/Fill


Excel s tng tc vic nhp d liu vo bng tnh bng cch in t ng mt dy
vi mt gi tr lp hoc c tng theo th t.
V d: bn c th sao chp mt gi tr ging nhau cho nhiu sn phm trong mt bn
bo co hoc to phn s tng theo quy lut (nh S th t).

S dng tnh nng AutoFill

Khi Drag ti Fill handle xung pha di hoc sang phi, AutoFill s to ra dy cc
gi tr tng ln da theo mu trong dy c chn. Khi bn Drag ti Fill handle ln
pha trn hoc sang tri, AutoFill s to ra dy cc gi tr gim dn cng da trn mu .

Drag vo
Fill handle
AutoFill

AutoFill
Hnh 16.4: T ng in d liu

S dng menu Edit/ Fill

Ngoi tnh nng AutoFill, bn cn c th s dng b lnh Fill t menu Edit thc
hin nhng sao chp n gin.
- in ln (Up), xung (Down), sang phi (Right) v tri (Left)

Cch thc hin:


+ t con tr ln m bn mun sao chp
v Drag n nhng bn mun in vo.
+ Chn menu Edit/Fill, sao chn lnh
t menu con Fill thch hp vi hng bn mun
sao chp (Down, Right, Up, Left).

Hnh 16.5: Edit/Fill, hng l Down

- S dng hp thoi Series ca Fill

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 16: CC THAO TC C BN TRONG EXCEL


Nu bn mun xc nh mt chui ty bin, chn vng bn mun in v chn lnh
Edit/ Fill / Series:

Hnh 16.6: Hp thoi Series

Edit Fill /Series:


- Series in: Column.
- Type: Linear.
- Step Value: 1.
Edit Fill /Series:
- Series in: Column.
- Type: Linear.

- Step Value: 1.5


- Stop Value: 10

Hnh 16.7: in d liu bng hp thoi Series

16.1.5. Di chuyn d liu


- Chn vng d liu ngun cn di chuyn.
- Vo menu Edit/ Cut; hoc nhn Ctrl + X; hoc Click vo nt Cut

- Di chuyn con tr n u tin ca vng ch.


- Vo menu Edit/ Paste; hoc nhn Ctrl + V; hoc Click vo nt Paste

Lu : di chuyn nhanh, bn Drag


vo ng bin (khng phi im Fill
Handle) ca khi n v tr mi.

Drag chut vo y
Hnh 16.8: Di chuyn d liu

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 16: CC THAO TC C BN TRONG EXCEL

16.2.THAO TC TRN CT V HNG


16.2.1. Thm hng, ct hoc mi vo bng tnh.
a. Thm hng (Row)
+ Chn cc hng m ti mun chn thm hng mi vo.
+ Vo menu Insert/ Rows; hoc R_Click, chn Insert.
Lu : hng mi c thm vo s y hng c chn xung pha di.

b. Thm ct (Column)
+ Chn cc ct m ti mun chn thm ct mi vo.
+ Vo menu Insert/ Columns; hoc R_Click, chn Insert.
Lu : ct mi c thm vo s y ct c chn sang bn phi.

c. Thm mi
+ Chn cc hoc a con tr n m ti mun chn cc trng vo.
+ Vo menu Insert/ Cells; hoc R_Click, chn Insert..., xut hin hp thoi sau:
1. Chn 1 hoc nhiu , d liu ca
hin hnh b y sang phi.

1
2

2. Chn 1 hoc nhiu , d liu ca


hin hnh b y xung di.

3
4

3. Chn hng.
4. Chn ct.

Hnh 16.9: Thm mi

16.2.2. Xa hng, ct, hoc


- Xa hng/ ct
+ Chn cc hng/ ct cn xa.
+ Vo menu Edit / Delete; hoc R_Click chn Delete.
- Xa :
+ Chn cc cn xa.
+ Vo menu Edit / Delete...; hoc R_Click chn Delete...
1. Xo 1 hoc nhiu , d liu ca
bn phi c y qua hin hnh.
2. Xo 1 hoc nhiu , d liu ca
bn di c y ln hin hnh.
3. Xo hng.

1
2
3
4

4. Xo ct.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Hnh 16.10: Xo
Trang 134

Chng 16: CC THAO TC C BN TRONG EXCEL

16.2.3. Thay i rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng.


a. Thay i rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng bng tay
- t con tr chut ngay cnh ca ct hoc hng (hoc khi chn) cn thay i.
- Drag sang tri hoc sang phi thay i rng ca ct; Drag ln trn hoc
xung di thay i chiu cao ca hng.
Drag chut vo y
Drag
chut
vo
y
Hnh 16.11: Thay i rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng
Lu : Bn c th D_Click vo cnh t ng iu chnh kch thc ct, hng cho
va vi d liu.

b. Thay i rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng bng menu Format


- Chn khi cn thay i.
- Vo menu Format/Row (hoc Column)
+ Chn Height thay i chiu cao
ca hng (hoc chn Width thay i
rng ca ct).
+ Chn AutoFit t ng iu
chnh kch thc cho va vi d liu.

Hnh 16.12: Thay i chiu cao ca hng

16.2.4. Lnh Undo, Redo v Repeat


a. Lnh Undo
Trong qu trnh thao tc trn bng tnh, nu bn c phm sai lm no nh khi xa
nhm khi d liu hoc thc hin nhm mt lnh no , bn c th hy b li bng
cch s dng chc nng Undo.
Menu Edit/ Undo; hoc Click vo nt Undo

; hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + Z.

b. Lnh Redo
Lnh Redo dng hy b thao tc Undo va thc hin.
Menu Edit/ Redo; hoc Click vo nt Redo

; hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl +Y.

b. Lnh Repeat
Lnh Repeat dng lp li thao tc va thc hin.
Menu Edit/ Repeat; hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl +Y.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 16: CC THAO TC C BN TRONG EXCEL

16.3.NH DNG CCH HIN TH D LIU


16.3.1. nh dng hin th d liu s
- Chn vng d liu cn nh dng.
- Chn menu Format/ Cells/
Number.
- Chn quy nh cch th hin s
cho d liu trong hp thoi Format
Cells.
D liu s khi nhp vo mt trn
bng tnh s ph thuc vo 2 thnh phn:
Loi (Category) v M nh dng
(Format code). Mt s c th hin th
theo nhiu loi nh Number, Date,
Percentage,... Trong mi loi li c nhiu
cch chn m nh dng.
Chn loi th hin khung
Category:
Hnh 16.13: nh dng hin th d liu s
Th loi

Cng dng

V d

General

nh dng s mc nh, canh phi, gi nguyn dng ban


u khi nhp vo.

Number

nh dng s nng ng c th c h tr bng cc du


phy, s ch s thp phn ty v mu hay du ngoc n
(cho cc s m).

3.14159
(1,234.57)

Currency

nh dng tin t, nh du la, cc k hiu tin t khc,


s ch s thp phn ty v mu hay du ngoc n (cho
cc s m).

$ 15.25
VND 500

nh dng tin t c bit c thit k canh cc ct


Accounting theo cc du thp phn ca gi tr tin t. (K hiu tin t
xut hin dc theo cc cnh tri ca ).

15.75
15234

$
$

75.50
5.50

09/12/2003
Sep-12-03

Date

nh dng ngy thng chung, ngy thng c hin th theo


mt s kiu tiu chun.

Time

nh dng gi chung, gi c hin th theo mt s kiu


tiu chun.

2:30 PM
14:30:20

Percentage

Mt cch nh dng m cc gi tr trong cc c chn


c nhn vi 100 v kt qu hin th vi biu tng %.

184%
24.152%

Fraction

Kiu nh dng di dng phn s.

Scientific

nh dng s khoa hc, s dng k hiu m cho cc s c


qu nhiu ch s.

Text

Mt nh dng coi s nh vn bn (d liu s c canh


tri trong ).

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

1/5
1.25E+3
2.0E-2
0123
Trang 136

Chng 16: CC THAO TC C BN TRONG EXCEL


00112
Special

B cc dng hu ch, bao gm: Zip Code, Phone Number ...

Custom

Mt danh sch cc dng tiu chun hay bt c dng tu


chn no m bn cn (nh m t trong hp thoi trn).

9810-123
12-34-56
INV-0075
25/12/2003

Ta c th nh dng nhanh cch hin th s bng cch s dng cc nt trn thanh


cng c Formatting:
1
2
3
4
5

1. nh dng kiu tin t.


2. nh dng kiu phn trm.
3. nh dng kiu ngn cch phn ngn, triu, ...
4. Tng thm mt s l thp phn.
5. Gim bt mt s l thp phn.

Hnh 16.14: S dng cc nt trn thanh Formatting

Cch thay i n v tin t dng trong Excel:


thay i n v tin t dng trong Excel v cc ng dng Windows khc, chn
lnh Start/ Settings/ Control Panel/ Regional and Language Options.
Trong lp Regional Options, Click chn lnh Customize, Chn lp Currency, xut
hin hp thoi nh hnh 16.15.
-

Nhp k hiu tin t mi trong mc Currency Symbol.

Click chn lnh Apply.

Hnh 16.15: Thay i n v tin t

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 137

Chng 16: CC THAO TC C BN TRONG EXCEL

16.3.2. Canh l d liu trong


S phn b d liu trong mt ph thuc vo 3 thnh phn: phn b ngang
(Horizontal), phn b dc (Vertical) v hng th hin d liu (Orientation).
1. Horizontal
2. Vertical
3. Merge and Center
4. Orientation

3
1

Hnh 16.16: S phn b d liu trong mt


- Chn vng d liu cn nh dng.
- Chn lnh Format/ Cells/ Chn lp Alignment, xut hin hp thoi:
1
2
3
4
5
1. Canh tri
2. Canh gia
3. Canh phi
4. Canh u
5. Trn v canh gia

Hnh 16.17: nh dng s phn b d liu trong mt

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 138

Chng 16: CC THAO TC C BN TRONG EXCEL


9 Vertical: phn b dc.

9 Horizontal: phn b ngang.


- General : dng mc nhin.

- Top

: canh l trn.

- Left

: canh l tri.

- Center

: canh l gia.

- Center

: canh l gia.

- Bottom

: canh l di.

- Right

: canh l phi.

- Justify

: canh trn di.

- Fill

: lp d liu y .

- Justify

: canh u tri phi.

9 Text control: iu chnh d liu.


- Wrap text : nm chung trong .

- Center across selection: canh gia vng


c chn

- Shrink to fit: canh va vi .


- Merge cells: nhm cc li.

9 Orientation: Chn hng th hin d liu

16.3.3. nh dng k t
D liu trong c th nh dng k t theo cc thnh phn: Font (kiu ch), Font
Style (loi nghing, m, gch di ...), Size (kch c ch), v Effects (hiu ng).
Chn lnh Format/ Cells/ Chn lp Font, bn chn thay i cc thnh phn tng t
nh vi hp thoi Font ca Word.
Ghi ch:
C th nh dng nhanh vic canh l v nh dng k t bng cch s dng cc nt
cng c trn thanh Formatting hoc phm g tt tng ng.

16.3.4. K khung cho bng tnh


Mt tnh nng hu ch lm ni bt nhng thng tin c th trong mt bng tnh
thm cc ng vin (Border) cho cc quan trng.
Chn lnh Format/ Cells/ Chn lp Border
+ Chn kiu ng k trong mc
Style.
+ Chn mu ng k trong mc
Color.
+ Chn v khung:
Presets:
None: b ng k.
Outline: k xung quanh.
Inside: k ng bn trong.
Border : K trn, di, ...
Ghi ch:
C th Click chn v hay b
khung trc tip trong khung hin
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Hnh 16.18: K khung cho bng tnh


Trang 139
Hnh 16.19: K khung nhanh

Chng 16: CC THAO TC C BN TRONG EXCEL


th ca hp thoi.
To ng vin nhanh bng cch s dng thanh cng c.
- Xc nh khi cn nh dng.
- Chn nt Border trn thanh cng c nh dng (Formatting).
- Chn dng ng k thch hp.

16.3.5. T mu nn cho bng tnh


to hiu qu b sung cho cc
ng vin c v, bn c th dng
nhn Patterns trong hp thoi Format
Cells t mu nn cho nhiu trong
bng tnh.
Chn lnh Format/ Cells/ Chn lp
Patterns
- Chn mu nn trong mc Color.
- Chn mu mu nn trong mc hp
lit k th Pattern.

Hnh 16.20: T mu nn cho bng tnh

T mu nn nhanh: S dng
thanh cng c.
-

Xc nh khi cn nh dng.

Chn nt Fill Color trn thanh cng c nh


dng (Formatting).

Chn mu nn thch hp.


Hnh 16.21: T mu nn nhanh

16.3.6. Sao chp nh dng bng nt Format Painter


i khi bn cn sao chp nh dng t mt ny sang cc khc m khng sao chp
d liu trong . V d nh cn sao chp Font ch, Size ch, kiu ch (Bold, Italic), ng
vin, mu nn, ... thc hin c vic ny, bn c th s dng nt Format Painter
Thc hin theo cc bc sau:

- Chn c nh dng cn sao chp.


- Click vo nt Format Painter
- Chn cc m bn mun sao chp nh dng.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 16: CC THAO TC C BN TRONG EXCEL

16.4.Thao tc trn tp tin


16.4.1. M tp tin

M tp tin mi
Chn File/New hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + N hoc nhn nt

M tp tin c trn a

Chn File/Open hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + O hoc nhn nt


thoi sau:

, xut hin hp

1. Chn a v th mc
cha tp tin cn m.
2. Chn tp tin cn m
hoc nhp y
ng dn v tn tp tin
cn m.
3. M tp tin
chn .

Hnh 16.22: Hp hi thoi Open


Look in: cho php chn v tr tp tin cn m.
File name: cho php nhp tn tp tin cn m theo ng ng dn.
Files of type: kiu tp tin cn m.

16.4.2. Lu tp tin

Lu tp tin ln u tin
Chn File/Save hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + S hoc nhn nt

, xut hin hp

thoi:

1. Chn a,
th mc cha
tp tin cn lu.
2. Nhp tn tp
tin cn lu.

Gio trnh Tin hc cnHnh


bn 16.23: Hp hi thoi Save As

3. Lu tp
tin li.

Trang 141

Chng 16: CC THAO TC C BN TRONG EXCEL

Save in: cho php chn v tr cha tp tin cn lu.


File name: cho php nhp tn tp tin cn lu (theo ng quy tc).
Files of type: kiu tp tin cn lu.

Lu tp tin t ln th hai tr i
+ Lu vo cng tp tin: tng t nh ln lu u tin v Excel s t ng lu tr
nhng thay i m khng yu cu t tn (khng xut hin hp thoi Save As).
+ Lu thnh tp tin mi: vo menu File/ Save as xut hin hp thoi Save as nh
trn v cho php t tn tp tin mi.

16.4.3. ng tp tin

Lnh File/ Close

Dng ng tp tin hin hnh, bn phi lu tp tin trc khi ng, nu tp tin c
cp nht m cha lu li th Excel s hin thng bo nhc nh:

Hnh 16.24: Thng bo nhc nh lu tp tin


9 Yes: lu d liu v ng tp tin hin hnh.
9 No: ng tp tin hin hnh m khng lu d liu.
9 Cancel: hy b lnh, tr v tp tin hin hnh.

Lnh File/ Close All


Nhn gi Shift, chn File/ Close All.

Dng ng tt c cc tp tin ang m. Nhng tp tin c lu th Excel s


ng li, nhng tp tin no cha lu th Excel s xut hin thng bo v ch xc nhn c
lu li hay khng.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 142

Chng 17: MT S HM TRONG EXCEL

CHNG 17: MT S HM TRONG


EXCEL
--- oOo --Trong chng ny, bn s tm hiu cc hm c sn trong Excel. Phn ny s cung cp
cho bn cc k nng gii quyt cc bi ton t c bn n cc bi ton phc tp.
Hm dng tnh ton v tr v mt tr, trong cha hm s tr v mt gi tr, mt
chui k t hoc mt thng bo li, Excel c mt tp hp cc hm rt phong ph v
c phn loi theo tng nhm phc v cho vic tnh ton trn nhiu kiu d liu v nhiu
mc ch khc nhau.

17.1.c php chung v cch s DNG


17.1.1. Xem danh sch cc hm
Mun xem danh sch cc hm th Click chn nt Paste Function
trn thanh
Standard hoc chn menu Insert/ Function hoc g t hp phm Shift + F3. Hp thoi
Paste Function s xut hin nh hnh 17.1
Cc hm phn
theo nhm

Cc hm trong
nhm chn

C php ca
hm ang chn

Chc nng ca
hm ang chn

Hnh 17.1: Xem danh sch cc hm

17.1.2. C php chung


= TN HM ([Danh sch i s])
a s cc hm ca Excel u c i s nhng cng c nhng hm khng c i s.
Nu hm c nhiu i s th gia cc i s phi c phn cch bng k hiu phn cch
c quy nh trong Windows (thng s dng du phy). S i s ca hm nhiu hay t
l tu theo tng hm c th.
i s ca hm c th l:

Cc gi tr s:

a ch , a ch vng: =MAX(A2, A4, C3, D2:D5, 6)

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

=SUM(10, 12, 6, 8, -7)

Trang 143

Chng 17: MT S HM TRONG EXCEL

Mt chui k t:

=RIGHT(Dai hoc Can Tho, 7)

Mt biu thc logic:

=IF(A4 >= $D$2, 7, 8)

Mt hm khc:

=IF(C2>=0,SQRT(C2),S m khng c cn bc hai!)

Tn ca mt vng:

=A4 * DON_GIA

17.1.3. Cch s dng hm


Nu cng thc bt u l mt hm, th phi c du = (hoc du @, hoc du +)
pha trc. Nu hm l i s ca mt hm khc th khng cn nhp cc du trn.
C 2 cch nhp hm
Cch 1: nhp trc tip t bn phm
- t tr chut ti mun nhp hm.
- Nhp du = (hoc du @, hoc du +).
- Nhp tn hm cng cc i s theo ng c php.
- G Enter kt thc.

Hnh 17.2: Nhp hm trc tip


Cch 2: thng qua hp thoi Paste Function
- t tr ti mun nhp hm.
- Click chn nt Paste Function
trn thanh Standard hoc chn menu
Insert/ Function hoc g t hp phm Shift + F3. Hp thoi Paste Function s
xut hin nh hnh 17.1.
- Chn nhm hm trong danh sch Function category.
- Chn hm cn s dng trong danh sch Function name.
- Click OK chn hm.
- Tu theo hm c chn, Excel s m hp thoi k tip cho php nhp cc i
s. Tin hnh nhp cc i s.
- Click OK kt thc.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 144

Chng 17: MT S HM TRONG EXCEL

Hnh 17.3: Nhp hm thng qua hp thoi Paste Function

17.2.cc hM THNG DNG


17.2.1. Cc hm ton hc (Math & Trig)
C php

ngha v v d

ABS(number)

Tr v gi tr tuyt i ca mt s thc.
=ABS(12 - 20) 8

INT(number)

Tr v s nguyn ln nht khng vt qu


number.
=INT(5.6) 5
=INT(-5.6) -6

MOD(number, divisor)

Tr v s d ca php chia nguyn number


cho divisor (number, divisor l cc s
nguyn).
=MOD(5, 3) 2

ODD(number)

Lm trn trn ti mt s nguyn l gn nht.


=ODD(3.6) 5
=ODD(-2.2) -3

PRODUCT(number1, number2, ...)

Tnh tch ca cc gi tr trong danh sch tham


s.
=PRODUCT(2, -6, 3, 4) -144

RAND( )

Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong t 0


n 1.
=RAND( ) S ngu nhin

ROUND(number, num_digits)

Lm trn s number vi chnh xc n


num_digits ch s thp phn (vi qui c 0 l
lm trn ti hng n v, 1 l ly 1 ch s
thp phn, -1 l lm trn ti hng chc, ...).
=ROUND(5.13687, 2) 5.14
=ROUND(145.13687, -2) 100

SQRT(number)

Tnh cn bc 2 ca mt s dng number.


=SQRT(36) 6

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 145

Chng 17: MT S HM TRONG EXCEL


SUM(number1, number2, ...)

Tnh tng ca cc gi tr trong danh sch


tham s.
=SUM(2, -6, 8, 4) 8

SUMIF(range, criteria [, sum_range])

Tnh tng cc tha mn iu kin.


- range: vng m iu kin s c so snh.
- criteria: chui m t iu kin. V d: "10",
">15", "<20",
- sum_range: vng c tnh tng. Cc
trong vng ny s c tnh tng nu cc
tng ng trong vng range tha iu kin.
Nu khng c sum_range th vng range s
c tnh.
=SUMIF(C4:C12, >=6, F4:F12)
=SUMIF(C4:C12, >=6)
=SUMIF(B4:B12, NV, G4:G12)

17.2.2. Cc hm thng k (Statistical)


C php

ngha v v d

MAX(number1, number2, ...)

Tr v gi tr ln nht ca cc gi tr s trong
danh sch tham s.
=MAX(1, 2, 3, 5) 5

MIN(number1, number2, ...)

Tr v gi tr nh nht ca cc gi tr s trong
danh sch tham s.
=MIN(1, 2, 3, 5) 1

AVERAGE(number1, number2, ...)

Tr v gi tr trung bnh cng ca cc s trong


danh sch tham s.
=AVERAGE(1, 2, 3, 5) 2.75

COUNT(value1, value2, ...)

m s cc gi tr s trong danh sch tham s.


=COUNT(2, hai, 4, -6) 3

COUNTA(value1, value2, ...)

m s cc khng rng trong danh sch tham


s.
=COUNT(2, hai, 4, -6) 4

COUNTBLANK(range)

m s cc rng trong vng range.


=COUNTBLANK(B4:B12)

COUNTIF(range, criteria)

m cc tha mn iu kin criteria trong vng


range.
- range: l vng m iu kin s c so snh.
- criteria: l chui m t iu kin. V d: "10",
">15", "<20".
=COUNTIF(B4:B12, >=6)

RANK(number, ref [, order])

Tr v th hng ca number trong ref, vi order


l cch xp hng.
Nu order = 0 hoc c b qua th ref c hiu
l c th t gim.
Nu order <> 0 th ref c hiu l c th t tng.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 146

Chng 17: MT S HM TRONG EXCEL


=RANK(F4, $F$4:$F$12, 0)
=RANK(G4, $G$4:$G$12, 1)

17.2.3. Cc hm Logic (Logical)


C php

ngha v v d

Tr v gi tr TRUE nu tt c cc iu kin u l
AND(logical1, logical2, ) TRUE.
=AND(3>2, 5<8, 9>-12) TRUE
OR(logical1, logical2, )

Tr v gi tr TRUE nu c t nht mt iu kin l


TRUE.
=OR(2>3, 12<8, 9>3) TRUE
=OR(2>3, 12<8, -9>3) FALSE

NOT(logical)

Ly ph nh ca gi tr logical.
=NOT(2>3) TRUE

IF(logical_test,
value_if_true,
value_if_false)

Tr v gi tr th nht value_if_true nu iu kin


logical_test l TRUE, ngc li s tr v gi tr th hai
value_if_false.
=IF(A1 >=5, u,Rt)
Nu gi tr ti A1 >= 5 th kt qu ca hm l u.
Ngc li nu gi tr A1 < 5 th kt qu l Rt.

17.2.4. Cc hm x l chui (Text)


C php

ngha v v d

LOWER(text)

Chuyn chui text thnh ch thng.


=LOWER(Dai hoc CAN Tho) dai hoc can tho

UPPER(text)

Chuyn chui text thnh ch in hoa.


=UPPER(Dai hoc CAN Tho) DAI HOC CAN THO

PROPER(text)

i cc k t u ca mi t trong chui text thnh ch


in hoa, cn li u l ch thng.
=PROPER(Dai hoc CAN Tho) Dai Hoc Can Tho

TRIM(text)

Ct b cc k t trng v ch trong chui text.


=TRIM( Can Tho ) Can Tho

LEN(text)

Tr v di ca chui text (s k t trong chui text).


=LEN(Dai hoc CAN Tho) 15

LEFT(text, num_chars)

Tr v num_char k t bn tri chui text.


=LEFT(Dai hoc CAN Tho, 7) Dai hoc

RIGHT(text, num_chars)

Tr v num_char k t bn phi chui text.


=RIGHT(Dai hoc CAN Tho, 7) CAN Tho

MID(text, start_num,
num_chars)

Tr v chui k t c di num_chars bt u t v tr
start_num ca chui text.
=MID(Dai hoc CAN Tho, 5, 3) hoc

VALUE(text)

Chuyn chui c dng s thnh tr s.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 147

Chng 17: MT S HM TRONG EXCEL


= VALUE("123") + 2 125

FIND(find_text, within_text
[, start_num])

Tr v v tr xut hin (nu c) ca find_text trong


within_text (bt u tm t v tr start_num).
Ch :
- Nu khng c start_num th v tr bt u tm t u
chui.
- Hm FIND phn bit ch in hoa v ch thng.
- Nu khng tm thy find_text th s tr v li #VALUE!
=FIND(Excel, Microsoft Excel) 11
=FIND(Excel, Microsoft Excel, 6) 11
=FIND(excel, Microsoft Excel, 6) #VALUE!

SEARCH(find_text,
within_text [, start_num])

Tng t nh hm FIND nhng khng phn bit ch in


hoa hay thng.
=SEARCH(Excel, Microsoft Excel) 11
=SEARCH(excel, Microsoft Excel) 11

REPLACE(old_text,
num_start, num_chars,
new_text)

Thay th num_chars k t trong old_text bng new_text


bt u t v tr num_start.
=REPLACE(Ngon ngu lap trinh, 10, 3, chuong)
Ngon ngu chuong trinh

17.2.5. Cc hm ngy v gi (Date & Time)


Gi s A1 cha ngy 28/09/2004 (Th ba).
C php
TODAY( )
NOW( )
DAY(date)
MONTH(date)
YEAR(date)
WEEKDAY(date)

DATEVALUE(date_text)

DATE(year, month, day)

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

ngha v v d
Tr v ngy hin hnh ca h thng.
=TODAY( ) Tu vo ngy hin hnh ca h thng.
Tr v ngy v gi hin hnh ca h thng.
=NOW( ) Tu vo ngy v gi hin hnh ca h
thng.
Tr v gi tr ngy trong thng ca biu thc ngy date.
=DAY(A1) 28
Tr v gi tr thng trong nm ca biu thc ngy date.
=MONTH(A1) 9
Tr v gi tr nm ca biu thc ngy date.
=YEAR(A1) 2004
Tr v s th t ngy trong tun ca biu thc date.
Gi tr 1: Sunday, 2:Monday, ..., 7: Saturday.
=WEEKDAY(A1) 3
i chui ngy date_text (theo qui c nhp ngy)
thnh tr s ngy.
Ghi ch: ta c th nh dng kt qu trn thnh dng
Date bng cch s dng menu Format/Cells.
= DATEVALUE("22/8/55") 20323 22/8/55
Tr v gi tr dng Date theo quy nh ca h thng.
=DATE(2004,09,28) 28/09/2004
=DATE(04,9,28) 28/09/2004
Trang 148

Chng 17: MT S HM TRONG EXCEL


Tr v gi tr dng Time.
=TIME(8,25,28) 8:25:28 AM
=TIME(17,2,46) 5:2:46 PM

TIME(hour, minute,
second)

17.2.6. Cc hm tm kim (Lookup & Reference)

VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, range_lookup)

Tm gi tr lookup_value trong ct tri nht ca bng table_array theo chun d tm


range_lookup, tr v tr tng ng trong ct th col_index_num (nu tm thy).
range_lookup = 1 (mc nhin):
Tm tng i, danh sch cc gi tr d tm ca bng table_array phi sp xp
theo th t tng dn
Nu tm khng thy s tr v gi tr ln nht nhng nh hn lookup_value.
range_lookup = 0:
Tm chnh xc, danh sch cc gi tr d tm ca bng table_array khng cn sp
xp th t.
Nu tm khng thy s tr v li #N/A.

HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, range_lookup)

Tng t nh hm VLOOKUP nhng tm gi tr lookup_value trong dng trn cng


ca bng table_array theo chun d tm range_lookup, tr v tr tng ng trong dng th
row_index_num (nu tm thy)
V d: Cho bng tnh vi s liu nh sau:
A

12

16

10

A01

C02

15

20

24

B75

25

22

18

A02

10

B555

12

CN

TH

GO

D25

15

TRNG

NC

TRONG

=VLOOKUP("B75", A1:B3, 2, 0) 8

A01

B75

D25

= HLOOKUP(16, D1:F3, 3, 0) 22

=VLOOKUP("B8", A1:B3, 2, 0) #N/A = HLOOKUP(15, D1:F3, 3, 0) #N/A


=VLOOKUP("B85", A1:B3, 2, 1) 5

= HLOOKUP(15, D1:F3, 3, 1) 25

=VLOOKUP("B85", A1:B3, 2) 5

= HLOOKUP(15, D1:F3, 3) 25

=VLOOKUP(A6, A5:B7, 2, 0) 12

= HLOOKUP(F5, D5:F7, 2, 0) GO

=VLOOKUP("B555", A5:B7, 2, 0) 12 = HLOOKUP(B75, D5:F7, 3, 1) NC


Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 149

Chng 17: MT S HM TRONG EXCEL


=VLOOKUP("B85", A5:B7, 2, 1) 12

= HLOOKUP(E95, D5:F7, 2, 0) #N/A

=VLOOKUP("E05", A5:B7, 2) 15

= HLOOKUP(E95, D5:F7, 3) TRONG

MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, match_type): tr v v tr (nu tm c) ca


lookup_value trong mng lookup_array theo cch tm match_type
match_type = 1:
Tm tng i, danh sch cc gi tr d tm ca bng table_array phi sp xp
theo th t tng dn
Nu tm khng thy s tr v v tr ca gi tr ln nht nhng nh hn
lookup_value
match_type = 0:

Tm chnh xc, danh sch cc gi tr d tm ca bng table_array khng cn sp


xp th t
Nu tm khng thy s tr v li #N/A
match_type = -1:
Tm tng i, danh sch phi sp xp cc gi tr d tm ca bng table_array
theo th t gim dn
Nu tm khng thy s tr v v tr ca gi tr nh nht nhng ln hn
lookup_value
V d: s dng bng d liu phn v d hm VLOOKUP v HLOOKUP

= MATCH(16, D1:F1, 0) 2

= MATCH(20, D2:F2, 0) 2

= MATCH(18, D1:F1, 0) #N/A

= MATCH(22, D2:F2, 1) 2

= MATCH(15, D1:F1, 1) 1

= MATCH(24, D3:F3, -1) 3

INDEX(array, row_num, column_num): tr v gi tr ca hng th row_num,


ct th column_num trong mng array.
V d: s dng bng d liu phn v d hm VLOOKUP v HLOOKUP
= INDEX(D1:F3, 2, 3) 20
= INDEX(D1:F3, 4, 3) #REF!
= INDEX(D1:F3, MATCH(26, D1:D3, 1), MATCH(16, D1:F1, 0)) 22

17.2.7. Cc hm thng tin (ISfunction)


Cc hm thng tin dng kim tra xem kiu ca mt gi tr hay ca mt c tha
mn mt iu kin no khng. Chng hn: d liu c phi l gi tr s khng? C phi
l chui k t khng? ...
Cc hm thng tin lun tr v mt trong hai gi tr TRUE hoc FALSE. Nh vy cc
hm ny c th p ng c trong cc trng hp m c mt s d liu ngoi l trong
mt bng d liu cn tnh ton.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 150

Chng 17: MT S HM TRONG EXCEL


ISBLANK(value): tr v gi tr TRUE nu value l gi tr rng (blank), ngc li th
tr v gi tr FALSE
ISERROR(value): tr v gi tr TRUE nu value l mt li bt k, ngc li th tr
v gi tr FALSE.
ISLOGICAL(value): tr v gi tr TRUE nu value l mt gi tr logic, ngc li th
tr v gi tr FALSE.
ISNA(value): tr v gi tr TRUE nu value l li #N/A, ngc li th tr v gi tr
FALSE.
ISNUMBER(value): tr v gi tr TRUE nu value l gi tr s, ngc li th tr v
gi tr FALSE.
ISTEXT(value): tr v gi tr TRUE nu value l mt mt chui, ngc li th tr v
gi tr FALSE.
V d: Cho bng tnh vi s liu nh sau:

1
2
3
4

A
B
MACB LCB
111
333
112
444
113
555

= ISBLANK(C1)

TRUE

= ISBLANK(A1)

FALSE

= ISERROR(MOD(114,0))

TRUE

= ISERROR(MOD(114,3))

FALSE

= ISLOGICAL(2>3)

TRUE

= ISERROR(VLOOKUP(114,A2:B4,2,FALSE))

TRUE

= ISNA(VLOOKUP(114,A2:B4,2,FALSE))

TRUE

= ISNUMBER(12345)

TRUE

= ISNUMBER(12345)

FALSE

= ISTEXT(A1)

TRUE

= ISTEXT(VALUE(12345))

FALSE

17.2.8. V d v cch s dng hm

Hm IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)


V d 1:
=IF(B1 >= 5, u, Rt)

Excel s kim tra biu thc B1 >= 5, nu biu thc ng (gi tr ti B1 l >= 5) th
s in ra u v kt thc hm, ngc li s in ra Rt v kt thc hm.
V d 2:
=IF(B1 > 0, S dng, IF(B1 = 0, S khng, S m))
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 151

Chng 17: MT S HM TRONG EXCEL


- Excel s kim tra biu thc B1 > 0, nu biu thc ng th s in ra S dng v
kt thc hm, ngc li s xt tip biu thc B1 = 0.
- Nu biu thc B1 = 0 l ng th s in ra S khng v kt thc hm, ngc li s
in ra S m v kt thc hm.
V d 3: gi s yu cu xp loi hc tp da vo Diem TB trong bng im cho
trc v cch xp loi nh sau:
Nu Diem TB>= 9 XS

STT

Ten

Nu 8 <= Diem TB < 9 Gii

Diem TB Xep loai

Nu 7 <= Diem TB < 8 Kh

Cn

6.7

Nu 5 <= Diem TB < 7 TB

Kim

9.2

Nu 3.5 <= Diem TB < 5 Yu

Lim

5.8

Nu Diem TB < 3.5 Km

Chnh

2.4

Ch

7.7

Cng

7.9

- Cng thc ti D2:


=IF(C2 >= 9, XS, IF(C2 >= 8, Gii, IF(C2 >= 7, Kh, IF(C2 >= 5, TB,
IF(C2 >= 3.5, Yu, Km)))))
- Sao chp cng thc ti D2 n vng D3:D7
Tng qut: nu c n trng hp th ta phi s dng n-1 hm IF lng nhau.

Hm VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, range_lookup)


V d: Cho d liu nh bng di y:
A

BNG HC BNG

BNG TR CP

Xp loi

Hc bng

M TC

T l

01

100,000

50%

02

70,000

100%

03

50,000

0%

04

30,000

7
8

DANH SCH NHN TIN HC BNG

9
10

TT H tn

Xp loi

Hc bng

11

Trng

02

12

01

13

Khng

02

14

Chin

04

15

Nht

01

16

nh

03

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

70,000

M TC Tr cp Tng cng
A

70,000

Trang 152

Chng 17: MT S HM TRONG EXCEL


17

Thng

04

18

Li

02

Yu cu:
1) Tnh ct Hc bng da vo ct Xp loi v BNG HC BNG.
2) Tnh ct Tr cp = Hc bng * T l
Trong T l c tnh nh vo ct M TC v BNG TR CP.
3) Tnh ct Tng cng = Hc bng + Tr cp
Gii:
1) Tnh ct Hc bng
+ Trc ht ta vit cng thc cho D11:
Ly gi tr trong C11 (lookup_value) d trong vng $C$3:$D$6
(table_array), trong bng ny ta mun ly ct Hc bng tc l ct th 2 (col_index_num),
do trong BNG HC BNG ct Xp loi sp xp theo th t tng dn nn ta c th d
tm tng i (range_lookup l 1 hoc c th b qua).
V vng C3:D6 s dng chung d tm nn phi ly a ch tuyt i. Ta c
cng thc cho D11 nh sau:
=VLOOKUP(C11, $C$3:$D$6, 2, 1)
hoc =VLOOKUP(C11, $C$3:$D$6, 2)
+ Sao chp cng thc ti D11 n vng D12:D18.
2) Tnh ct Tr cp
+ Trc ht ta vit cng thc cho F11:
tnh T l ta ly gi tr trong E11 (lookup_value) d trong vng
$F$3:$G$5 (table_array), trong bng ny ta mun ly ct T l tc l ct th 2
(col_index_num), do trong BNG TR CP ct M TC cha c sp xp nn ta phi d
tm tuyt i (range_lookup l 0).
Ta c cng thc cho F11 nh sau:
=D11 * VLOOKUP(E11, $F$3:$G$5, 2, 0)
+ Sao chp cng thc ti F11 n vng F12:F18.
3) Tnh ct Tng cng
+ Trc ht ta vit cng thc cho G11:
=D11 + F11
+ Sao chp cng thc ti G11 n vng G12:G18.

Hm HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, range_lookup)

V d: xt li v d p dng hm VLOOKUP trn nhng BNG HC BNG v


BNG TR CP c cho nh sau:
A
1
2

01
BNG HC Xp loi
BNG
Hc bng 100,000

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

02

03

04

70,000

50,000

30,000
Trang 153

Chng 17: MT S HM TRONG EXCEL


3
4
5

BNG TR
CP

M TC
T l

B
50%

A
100%

C
0%

Gii:
1) Tnh ct Hc bng
Cng thc cho D11 nh sau:
=HLOOKUP(C11, $D$1:$G$2, 2, 1)
hoc =HLOOKUP(C11, $D$1:$G$2, 2)
2) Tnh ct Tr cp
Cng thc cho F11 nh sau:
=D11 * HLOOKUP(E11, $D$4:$F$5, 2, 0)
3) Tnh ct Tng cng
Cng thc cho G11 nh sau:
=D11 + F11

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 154

Chng 18: THAO TC TRN C S D LIU

CHNG 18: THAO TC TRN C S D


LIU
--- oOo ---

18.1.KHI NIM V C S D LIU


18.1.1. Khi nim v c s d liu
Khi qun l thng tin v mt i tng no , nh qun l nhn vin chng hn, ta
phi qun l nhiu thuc tnh lin quan n nhn vin nh h tn, m nhn vin, phi,
nm sinh, ni sinh, a ch, m ngch, bc, h s, lng, ph cp, chc v,... l cc
thuc tnh phn nh ni dung ca mt i tng cn qun l. Cc thuc tnh thng
c biu din di dng cc kiu d liu khc nhau (l chui, s, ngy thng, ) v c
hp nht thnh mt n v thng tin duy nht gi l mu tin (record). Cc mu tin cng
dng (cng cu trc) hp li thnh mt c s d liu.
Trong Excel, c s d liu c dng nh mt danh sch, v d nh danh sch nhn
vin, danh sch hng ha,... Mi danh sch c th gm c mt hay nhiu ct, mi ct nh
vy c gi l mt trng (field) ca c s d liu, tn ca ct s c gi l tn trng.
Hng u tin trong danh sch (c s d liu) cha cc tn trng c gi l hng
tiu (Header row), cc hng tip theo mi hng l mt mu tin (record) cho bit thng
tin v i tng m ta qun l.
V d: Xt c s d liu BNG LNG CHI TIT ca cc nhn vin trong mt
c quan nh sau:
A

BNG LNG CHI TIT


Thng 07/ 2001

2
3 STT

HO TEN

MANG BAC HE SO NG_BD LUONG PHU CAP

1 Trn Thanh Bnh

01.003

2.58

25/01/97

541,800

108,360

2 Phan Thanh Bnh

01.003

2.34

30/01/98

491,400

98,280

3 Nguyn Xun Huy 01.009

1.00

01/01/99

210,000

105,000

4 Trn Vn Hng

01.009

1.09

15/01/99

228,900

114,450

5 Nguyn Anh Dng 01.003

1.86

01/10/97

390,600

78,120

6 Chu Thanh Khit 01.009

1.00

01/05/98

210,000

105,000

10

7 L Minh Li

1.18

01/08/98

247,800

123,900

2,320,500

733,110

01.009

Tng cng:

11

+ Mi ct gi l mt trng (field): trng HO TEN, trng MANG, trng


BAC, trng HE SO,
+ Hng th ba c gi l hng tiu (Header row).
+ T hng th t n hng th mi, mi hng l mt mu tin (record).
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 155

Chng 18: THAO TC TRN C S D LIU


Mt s cng vic thng gp khi lm vic trn c s d liu (bng tnh) nh: sp xp
(Sort) cc mu tin trong c s d liu theo th t tng/ gim ca mt trng (gi l trng
kho), trch lc (Filter) cc mu tin tho mn iu kin ch nh, thng k, tng hp cc
mu tin theo nhm (Subtotals), ...

18.1.2. Hng tiu (Header row)


L hng u tin trong danh sch (c s d liu) cha cc tn trng. Tuy nhin mt
s c s d liu c phn tiu nhiu hn mt hng, khi cc thao tc thc hin trn c
s d liu s b li hoc khng thc hin c, ta phi thm vo mt hng tiu ph cho
c s d liu, v s dng hng tiu ph cho cc thao tc trn c s d liu.

Hnh 18.1: Tiu nhiu hn 1 hng

Hnh 18.2: Thm tiu ph cho CSDL

18.1.3. Vng tiu chun (Criteria range)


L vng cha iu kin theo ch nh (trch lc, thng k, ), vng ny c ti thiu
2 hng.
C hai cch to vng tiu chun:
Gi s cn to vng tiu chun vi iu kin cc mu tin phi tho:
a) MANG = 01.009 v BAC = 1.
b) MANG = 01.009 hoc MANG = 01.003 v BAC = 4.

Cch 1: S dng tn trng to vng tiu chun

Theo cch ny, vng tiu chun s c t nht hai hng, hng u cha cc tn trng
t iu kin, cc hng khc dng m t iu kin.
Cch to nh sau
-

Chn cc trng trong bng tnh lm vng tiu chun

Sao chp tn trng dng lm iu kin n hng u ca vng tiu chun.

Nhp trc tip cc iu kin vo di tn trng tng ng. Cc iu kin ghi


trn cng mt hng l cc iu kin tha mn ng thi (iu kin AND), cn
nhng iu kin ghi trn cc hng khc nhau l nhng iu kin tha mn khng
ng thi (iu kin OR).

Ta c vng tiu chun cho iu kin trn nh sau:


MANG

BAC

MANG

01.009

01.009
01.003

a)

BAC
4

b)

Cch 2: S dng cng thc to vng tiu chun

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 156

Chng 18: THAO TC TRN C S D LIU


Theo cch ny, vng tiu chun s c hai , trn cha tiu nh Tieu chuan,
Dieu kien, hoc b trng nhng phi khc vi tn trng, di l cng thc m t
iu kin.
Cch to nh sau
-

Chn hai trng trong bng tnh lm vng tiu chun.

Nhp tiu trn ca vng tiu chun.

Nhp cng thc vo bn di m t iu kin, dng mu tin u tin trong c


s d liu t iu kin so snh, hm AND dng lp cc iu kin tha
mn ng thi, hm OR dng lp cc iu kin tha mn khng ng thi.

Ta c vng tiu chun cho iu kin trn nh sau:


Tieu chuan

a)
=AND(C4 = 01.009, D4 = 1)

FALSE
b)
Tieu chuan

=OR(C4 = 01.009, AND(C4 = 01.003, D4 = 4))

TRUE
Mt s cch ghi iu kin
Yu cu

Cch 1

Cch 2 ( cng thc)

C h l Nguyn

HO TEN
Nguyn *

=LEFT(B4, 6)=Nguyn

C tn l Bnh

HO TEN
* Bnh

=RIGHT(B4, 4)=Bnh

C ch lt l Thanh

HO TEN
* Thanh *

C h l Nguyn v
tn l Huy

HO TEN
Nguyn * Huy

C h l Nguyn hoc
tn l Bnh
C BAC >= 2

HO TEN
Nguyn *
* Bnh
BAC
>= 2

=AND(LEFT(B4,6)=Nguyn,
RIGHT(B4, 3)=Huy)
=OR(LEFT(B4,6)=Nguyn,
RIGHT(B4, 4)=Bnh)
=D4>=2

C MANG=01.009 v
BAC >= 2

MANG BAC
01.009 >= 2

=AND(C4=01.009, D4>=2)

C MANG=01.009
hoc BAC >= 2

MANG BAC
01.009
>= 2

=OR(C4=01.009, D4>=2)

C MANG=01.009 v
BAC = 2 hoc BAC = 3

MANG BAC
01.009
2
01.009
3

=AND(C4=01.009,
OR(D4=2, D4=3))

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 157

Chng 18: THAO TC TRN C S D LIU


C MANG=01.009
hoc MANG=01.003
v BAC = 2

MANG BAC
01.009
01.003
2

C ngy bt u hng
lng l trc 1/1/98
C HESO * 290,000 >=
450,000

=OR(C4=01.009,AND(C4=01.009,
D4=2))
=F4<DATE(98,1,1)
=E4 * 290000>=450000

18.2.TRCH LC D LIU
Trch lc d liu l tnh nng lc ra cc mu tin tha mn nhng tiu chun no t
c s d liu ban u. C hai phng php lc d liu: lc t ng (AutoFilter) v lc
nng cao (Advanced Filter).

18.2.1. Lc d liu t ng (AutoFilter).


Lnh Data/Filters/AutoFilter dng lc cc mu tin tha mn nhng tiu chun
no t c s d liu ban u. Ch nhng mu tin no tha tiu chun th mi c hin
th cn nhng mu tin khc s tm thi b che khng nhn thy.
Cch thc hin
-

Chn vng CSDL vi tiu l mt hng.

Vo menu Data/Filters/AutoFilter, Excel s t ng thm cc nt th cnh tn


trng cho php bn chn tiu chun lc tng ng vi cc trng .

Chn iu kin trong hp lit k th ca tng trng tng ng.


All: cho hin th tt c cc mu tin.
Top 10: cho php chn lc ly mt s mu tin c gi tr cao nht (Top) hay
thp nht (Bottom).
Custom: cho php t cc iu kin so snh khc ( >, >=, ...)
Cc tr: ch hin th nhng mu tin ng bng tr .
+ Mc nhin Excel s hiu tn trng bng vi gi tr c chn trong hp lit k
th. Cc iu kin trong cc trng khc nhau c tnh cht ng thi vi nhau
(AND).
V d: Lc nhng mu tin tha tiu chun l MANG = 01.009 v BAC = 1

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 158

Chng 18: THAO TC TRN C S D LIU


Click vo y
v chn 01.009

Click vo y
v chn 1

Hnh 18.3: Lc d liu t ng


+ Nu chn mc Custom th s xut hin hp thoi cho php t iu kin theo
tiu chun khc.

Hnh 18.4: t iu kin lc t ng


Ghi ch:
) Mun hin th li tt c bn chn lnh Data/ Filter/ Show All.
) Mun b ch lc d liu t ng (b cc nt th) tr v trng thi bnh
thng, bn chn li lnh Data/ Filter/ AutoFilter.

18.2.2. Lc d liu nng cao (Advanced Filter)


Lnh Data/ Filter/ Advanced Filter dng trch ra cc mu tin theo cc iu kin
ch nh trong vng tiu chun do bn thit lp trn Sheet.
Cch thc hin
-

To vng tiu chun lc (s dng mt trong hai cch nu trn).

Vo menu Data/ Filter/ Advanced


Filter, xut hin hp thoi sau:
Action:
+ Filter the list, in-place: kt qu hin
th trc tip trn vng CSDL.
+ Copy to another location: kt qu
c t ti mt v tr khc.
List range: chn a ch vng CSDL.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 159
Hnh 18.5: Lc d liu nng cao

Chng 18: THAO TC TRN C S D LIU


Criteria range: chn a ch vng tiu chun.
Copy to: chn a ch ca u tin trong vng kt qu (phi chn mc Copy to
another location).
; Unique records only: nu c nhiu mu tin ging nhau th ch ly duy nht
mt mu tin i din, ngc li th ly ht cc mu tin tha iu kin ca vng
tiu chun (d ging nhau).

18.3.CC HM C S D LIU
Cc hm c s d liu mang tnh cht thng k nhng mu tin trong CSDL c
trng tha iu kin ca vng tiu chun c thit lp trc.
C php chung:

=Tn hm(database, field, criteria)

- database: a ch vng CSDL (nn chn l a ch tuyt i cho d sao chp).


- field: ct cn tnh ton, field c th l tn trng, a ch ca tn trng hoc s
th t ca trng (ct th nht ca vng CSDL chn tnh l 1 v tng dn
sang tri).
- criteria: a ch vng tiu chun.
Xt c s d liu BNG LNG CHI TIT vi vng tiu chun c to trc.
A

1
BNG LNG CHI TIT
Thng 07/ 2001
2
3 STT
HO TEN
MANG BAC HE SO NG_BD LUONG PHU CAP
1 Trn Thanh Bnh 01.003 4
2.58
25/01/97
541,800 108,360
4
2 Phan Thanh Bnh 01.003 3
2.34
30/01/98
491,400
98,280
5
3 Nguyn Xun Huy 01.009 1
1.00
01/01/99
210,000 105,000
6
4 Trn Vn Hng
01.009 2
1.09
15/01/99
228,900 114,450
7
5 Nguyn Anh Dng 01.003 1
1.86
01/10/97
390,600
78,120
8
6 Chu Thanh Khit 01.009 1
1.00
01/05/98
210,000 105,000
9
7 L Minh Li
01.009 3
1.18
01/08/98
247,800 123,900
10
11
Tng cng: 2,320,500 733,110
12
13
MANG
MANG
BAC
Vng tiu chun 1
Vng tiu chun 2
01.009
01.003
4
14
Danh sch cc hm
Tn hm

DSUM(database, field,
criteria)

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

ngha v v d
Tnh tng cc gi tr trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha iu
kin criteria.
=DSUM($A$3:$H$10, 7, C13:C14)
=DSUM($A$3:$H$10, LUONG, C13:C14)
=DSUM($A$3:$H$10, $G$3, C13:C14)
Trang 160

Chng 18: THAO TC TRN C S D LIU


DAVERAGE(database,
field, criteria)

Tnh trung bnh cng cc gi tr trong ct field ca cc mu


tin tha iu kin criteria.
=DAVERAGE($A$3:$H$10, 7, C13:C14)
=DAVERAGE($A$3:$H$10, $G$3, G13:H14)

DMAX(database, field,
criteria)

Tm tr ln nht trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha iu


kin criteria.
=DMAX($A$3:$H$10, BAC, C13:C14)
=DMAX($A$3:$H$10, 5, G13:H14)

DMIN(database, field,
criteria)

Tm tr nh nht trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha iu


kin criteria.
=DMIN($A$3:$H$10, $D$3, C13:C14)
=DMIN($A$3:$H$10, 5, C13:C14)

DCOUNT(database,
field, criteria)

m cc kiu s trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha iu


kin criteria.
=DCOUNT($A$3:$H$10, 4, C13:C14)
=DCOUNT($A$3:$H$10, 4, G13:H14)

DCOUNTA(database,
field, criteria)

m cc khc rng trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha


iu kin criteria.
=DCOUNTA($A$3:$H$10, 2, C13:C14)
=DCOUNTA($A$3:$H$10, 2, G13:H14)

18.4.SP XP D LIU
Tng t nh chc nng Table/ Sort ca Word, lnh Data/ Sort cho php sp xp cc
hng hoc cc ct trong vng c chn theo th t tng dn (th t ABC i vi chui,
hoc s tng dn) hay gim dn (th t ZYX i vi chui, hoc s gim dn) tng ng
kho sp xp c ch nh, vng sp xp phi chn tt c cc c lin h vi nhau, nu
khng s xy ra tnh trng ru ng ny cm cm b kia.
Cch thc hin:
Gi s cn sp xp c s d liu BNG LNG CHI TIT trn theo MANG
tng dn, nu cng MANG th sp theo BAC gim dn.
Chn vng d liu cn sp xp.
Vo menu Data/ Sort, xut hin hp thoi sau:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 161

Chng 18: THAO TC TRN C S D LIU

Kha sp xp chnh

Sp xp theo
th t tng dn

Kha sp xp th hai

Sp xp theo
th t gim dn

Kha sp xp th ba
Vng CSDL
chn c dng tiu
hay khng

Hnh 18.6: Sp xp d liu


Chn c/ khng c dng tiu .
Chn cc kha sp xp v th t sp tng ng vi kha.
Click chn OK sp xp d liu trong bng.
Ghi ch:
) Nu mun sp theo hng th chn nt lnh Options ca hp thoi Sort, sau
chn mc Sort left to right.
) Nu mun sp xp nhanh theo ct no th t tr vo bt k ca ct v
trn thanh Standard sp theo chiu tng dn, hoc
Click chn nt
sp theo chiu gim dn.

18.5.TNG HP THEO TNG NHM (SUBTOTALS)


Xt CSDL BNG LNG CHI TIT trn. Vn t ra l lm th no bit
c tng tin lng (LUONG) theo tng nhm ngch lng (MANG), hay tng hp s
nhn vin theo bc (BAC), Lnh Data/ Subtotals s gip bn thc hin c nhng
cng vic trn.
Cch thc hin:
Gi s cn tng hp v tnh tng tin lng (LUONG) theo tng nhm ngch lng
(MANG) trong CSDL BNG LNG CHI TIT trn.
Dng lnh Data/ Sort sp xp cc mu tin theo MANG, mc ch cc mu tin
c cng MANG th nm lin k nhau.
Chn vng CSDL cn tng hp vi tiu l mt hng.
Vo menu Data/ Subtotals, xut hin hp thoi sau:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 162

Chng 18: THAO TC TRN C S D LIU


+ At each change in: chn tn trng cn
tng hp nhm.
+ Use function: chn hm s dng tnh ton
hay thng k.
+ Add subtotal to: Chn tn trng cha d
liu cn thc hin tnh ton hay thng k.
+

; Replace current subtotals: Thay th


cc dng tng hp c ghi dng tng
hp mi.

Page break between groups: To ngt


trang gia cc nhm.

; Summary below data: Thm dng tng


hp sau mi nhm.

Hnh 18.7: Tng hp theo nhm

Mt s hm trong hp lit k th Use function:


Hm

M t

Sum

Tnh tng cc s trong nhm.

Count

m s khng rng trong nhm.

Average

Tnh gi tr trung bnh cc s trong nhm.

Max

Tm gi tr ln nht trong nhm.

Min

Tm gi tr nh nht trong nhm.

Product

Tnh tch cc s trong nhm.

Count Nums

m s kiu s trong nhm.

Hnh 18.8: Kt qu tng hp d liu theo nhm (Mc 3)


Lm vic vi mn hnh kt qu sau khi tng hp nhm
-

Click vo cc nt
+

chn cc mc d liu bn mun xem.

: Ch hin th tng chnh (Grand Total Only).

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 163

Chng 18: THAO TC TRN C S D LIU

: Hin th tng chnh v tng ph (Grand Total And Subtotal).

: Hin th chi tit tt c cc mu tin cng cc tng hp (All Record).

Click vo

hin th hoc

che du cc mu tin trong nhm con.

Hnh 19.9: Kt qu tng hp d liu theo nhm (Mc 2)


Ghi ch: loi b tng hp nhm, bn chn Data/ Subtotals, sau chn nt lnh
Remove All.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 164

Chng 19: TO BIU TRONG EXCEL

CHNG 19: TO BIU TRONG


EXCEL
--- oOo --Khi bn cn trnh by d liu ca bng tnh n ngi khc th vic hin th cc s
kin v con s di dng biu rt c ngha. Biu cho php biu din s tng quan
ca d liu trong bng tnh trn phng din ha, bin i cc hng, ct thng tin thnh
nhng hnh nh c ngha. Biu gip bn so snh s liu trong bng tnh mt cch trc
quan, trnh vic phi c cc s liu chi cht trn bng, tin on c s pht trin ca d
liu m t trong bng, lm cho bng tr nn sinh ng v thuyt phc hn.

19.1.Cc lOI bIu


C 3 loi biu thng gp l biu dng ct (Column), dng ng thng (Line)
v dng bnh (Pie). T 3 dng ny Excel trin khai thnh 14 loi biu chun (Standard
types) v 20 kiu biu tu chn (Customize types) c th dng biu din s liu
trong bng tnh thnh nhiu cch nhn khc nhau ty theo yu cu ca ngi dng.
Cc loi biu chun trong Excel v cng dng c bn ca mi loi
Biu tng

Loi biu

Chc nng

Column

So snh cc loi d liu vi nhau theo chiu dc.

Bar

So snh cc loi d liu vi nhau theo chiu ngang.

Line

Cho xem s thay i d liu trong mt giai on.

Pie

So snh t l ca cc thnh phn trong mt tng th.

XY (Scatter)

M t quan h gia hai loi d liu lin quan.

Area

Nhn mnh tm quan trng tng i ca cc gi tr qua


mt giai on.

Doughnut

So snh cc phn vi tng th trong mt hoc nhiu


phm tr d liu (Biu Pie c mt l gia).

Rada

Ch ra cc thay i trong d liu hoc tn s d liu


tng i vi tm im.

Surface

To vt cc thay i trong hai bin s khi bin s th ba


(nh thi gian) thay i, l mt ha 3 chiu.

Buble

Hin sng cc chm gi tr, tng t nh ha


Scatter.

Stock

Kt hp ha Line v ha Column. c thit k


c bit to vt gi c phiu.

Cylinder

S dng mt hnh tr trnh by cc d liu ha


Bar hay ha Column.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 165

Chng 19: TO BIU TRONG EXCEL


Cone

Nhn mnh cc nh ca d liu, l ha Bar hay


ha Column.

Pyramid

Nhn mnh cc nh ca d liu trong cc ha Bar


hay Column, tng t ha Cone.

19.2.CC THNH PHN CA BIU

10

11

12

3
9

Hnh 19.1: Cc thnh phn ca biu


ngha:
1. Chart Area: Vng nn biu .
2. Chart Title: Tiu ca biu .
3. Trc X.
4. Category (X) axis labels: Vng gi tr trn trc X.
5. Category (X) axis : Tiu trc X.
6. Trc Y.
7. Vng gi tr trn trc X.
8. Value (Y) axis: Tiu trc Y.
9. Gc to O.
10. Gridlines: vng li.
11. Dy s liu c minh ha trong biu .
12. Legend: Ch gii, dng m t dy s liu trong biu .

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 166

Chng 19: TO BIU TRONG EXCEL

19.3.CC BC DNG BIU


19.3.1. Chun b d liu cho biu
Mt biu trong Excel c to ra t d liu trong bng tnh hin hnh. V vy
trc khi xy dng biu bn cn to bng tnh c cha cc d liu cn thit bng cch
nhp d liu trc tip hoc s dng cc hm Excel tnh.
V d nh s liu trong bng THNG K S LNG SINH VIN theo tng nm
hc, hay d liu cho cc TH TON HC di y:
A
1

THNG K S LNG SINH VIN

TH TON HC

2
Y1=2x2-6

NM TIN HC IN T CAO NG

1992

100

54

-4

26

1993

154

53

45

-3

12

1994

96

38

60

-2

1995

145

78

80

-1

-4

1996

166

93

128

-6

1997

173

75

160

-4

10

1998

154

94

245

11

Cng:

988

485

718

12

10

26

11

12

Y2=x+7

Yu cu:
a. Dng biu dng ct biu din s lng sinh vin cc ngnh theo tng
nm hc.
b. Dng biu Pie so snh tng s sinh vin ca 3 ngnh t nm 92-98.
c. Dng biu XY(Scatter) v th cho cc hm s Y1=2x26 v Y2= x+7
trn cng mt h trc to XY.

19.3.2. Cc thao tc to biu


V d: Thc hin yu cu (a): biu din s lng sinh vin cc ngnh theo tng nm.
- Vo menu Insert/Chart hoc Click vo nt Chart Wizard

trn thanh Standard.

- Thao tc qua 4 bc ca Chart Wizard nh sau:


Bc 1 (Step 1 of 4 - Chart Type): chn loi biu .

Chn loi
biu

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Chn biu
con trong loi

Trang 167

Chng 19: TO BIU TRONG EXCEL

Bc 2 (Step 2 of 4-Chart Source Data): Chn vng d liu.


Lp Data Range (Hnh 19.3)
+ Data Range: vng d liu dng biu .
+ Series in: d liu ca tng i tng nm theo hng (Row) hay ct (Column)

Hnh 19.3: Vng d liu dng biu

Hnh 19.4: Vng d liu tng thnh phn

Lp Series (Hnh 19.4): vng d liu tng thnh phn trong biu
+ Series: mi tn trong danh sch xc nh mt dy s liu trong biu (sinh
vin mi ngnh). D liu tng ng c nh ngha trong hp Name v Values
+ Name: tn cho dy s liu ca i tng c chn trong danh sch Series, l
a ch tiu ca dy s liu, nu khng c th hp Name s trng, khi
bn phi t nhp tn vo.
Ch : nhng tn (name) ny s l nhn cho ch gii (Legend) xc nh
mi dy s liu trong biu .
+ Values: a ch ca dy s liu ca i tng c chn trong danh sch Series.
+ Nt Add: Thm dy s liu mi.
+ Nt Remove: Xa dy s liu khng dng trong biu .
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 168

Chng 19: TO BIU TRONG EXCEL


+ Category(X) axis labels: Vng d liu lm tiu trc X.
Bc 3 (Step 3 of 4-Chart Options): xc nh cc ty chn cho biu .
-

Titles: t cc tiu cho biu .


+ Chart title: tiu biu .
+ Category(X) axis: tiu trc X.
+ Value (Y) axis: tiu trc Y.

Axes: Ty chn cho cc trc to (X, Y, ...).

Gridlines: Ty chn cho cc ng li.

Legend: Ty chn cho phn


ch gii.

Data Label: thm hoc b


cc nhn d liu cho cc
thnh phn ca biu .

Data Tabel: Thm bng d


liu ngun vo biu .

Hnh 19.5: Cc ty chn cho biu


Bc 4 (Step 4 of 4-Chart
Location): xc nh v tr t biu
.
As new sheet: to mt
Sheet mi ch cha biu
.
As object in: chn Sheet
t biu .
Click vo nt lnh Finish
hon thnh vic to biu .

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Hnh 19.6: Xc nh v tr t biu

Trang 169

Chng 19: TO BIU TRONG EXCEL


Cc biu minh ho theo s liu bng tnh v cc yu cu trn

Hnh 19.7: (a) S lng SV cc ngnh theo tng nm

Hnh 19.8: (b) So snh tng s SV ca 3 ngnh

Hnh 19.9: (c) th cc


hm s ton hc

19.3.3. Chnh sa biu


Sau khi dng xong biu theo 4 bc nu trn, bn c th chnh sa li biu
bng cch thay i cc thng s nh: thay i loi biu , vng d liu, hiu chnh cc
tiu , ... tng ng vi cc bc thc hin dng biu .
Cch thc hin
-

Click chn biu cn chnh sa, khi menu Data s chuyn thnh Chart.

Chn bc cn chnh sa trong menu Chart (hoc R_Click ln nn biu ri


chn lnh tng ng).

Thc hin chnh sa nh khi dng biu .


1. Chart Type: Chn li kiu biu (Bc 1).
2. Source Data: Chn li d liu ngun (Bc 2).
3. Chart Options: Chn li cc ty chn (Bc 3).
4. Location: Chn li v tr cho biu (Bc 4).

1
2
3
4
5

5. Add Data: thm dy s liu mi.


Hnh 19.10: Chn
bc chnh sa biu

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 170

Chng 19: TO BIU TRONG EXCEL

19.3.4. nh dng biu


Menu Format cho php nh dng cc thnh phn trong biu . Ty theo loi biu ,
thnh phn trn biu cn nh dng, Excel s cung cp ni dung nh dng ph hp. i
vi vn bn nh tiu , ghi ch, th c th nh dng Font, mu ch, mu nn, hng
vn bn. i vi cc ct hay nguyn biu th c th chn ng vin, mu,
Cch thc hin
-

Click chn thnh phn cn nh dng.

Vo menu Format/ Selected (hoc Ctrl + 1, hoc R_Click ln thnh phn cn


nh dng, sau chn Format ), hp thoi Format xut hin.

Thc hin nh dng cho thnh phn theo mun.

V d: nh dng vng nn biu (Chart Area), hp thoi Format Chart Area nh


hnh di y:

Hnh 19.11: Chn ng vin v mu


Hnh 19.12: t thuc tnh cho biu
cho vng nn biu (Chart Area)
+ Lp Patterns: cho php chn ng vin v mu nn cho biu .
+ Lp Font: cho php nh dng cc thnh phn l vn bn trong biu (tng t
nh lp Font trong hp thoi Format/ Cells).
+ Lp Properties: cho php thay i cc thuc tnh cho biu .
9 Move and size with cells: biu s di chuyn v thay i kch thc theo cc .
Ngha l khi xo hay thm cc vo trong bng tnh th biu cng di chuyn
theo (V d nh khi ta xa cc bn tri biu th biu cng di chuyn qua
tri, khi thm cc vo bn tri biu th biu s di chuyn qua phi, ).
Khi thay i rng ct hay chiu cao hng c i qua biu th kch thc
biu cng thay i theo.
9 Move but dont size with cells: biu s di chuyn cng cc nhng khng
thay i kch thc theo cc .
9 Dont move or size with cells: biu s khng di chuyn v cng khng thay
i kch thc theo cc .
9 ; Print object: cho in nu biu nm trong vng c chn in.
9 ; Locked: kho biu cng vi Sheet (ch thc hin c khi chn kha bo
v Sheet trc)
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 171

Chng 19: TO BIU TRONG EXCEL


Vi thnh phn khc, ni dung nh dng cng thay i cho ph hp, nh khi chn
nh dng cho tiu biu (Chart Title), hp thoi Format Chart Title nh sau:
Lp Alignment: cho php canh l
v chn hng ch cho thnh phn vn bn
trong cho biu .
9 Horizontal: canh l vn bn
theo phng ngang.
9 Vertical: canh l vn bn theo
phng dc.
9 Orientation: chn hng ch.

Hnh 19.13: Canh l v chn hng ch


cho thnh phn vn bn trong cho biu
S dng thanh cng c Chart
Thanh cng c Chart c cha
mt s nt c thit k nhm gip
bn nh dng nhanh biu .
Click vo biu , thanh cng
c Chart s t ng xut hin hoc
bn c th bt/ tt thanh cng c
Chart bng cch vo menu View/
Toolbars/ Chart.
ngha:
1. Chart Objects: Chn thnh phn trong
biu nh dng.
2. Format Chart ...: Hin th hp thoi
Format ng vi thnh phn c chn
trn.
3. Chart Type: Chn loi biu .
4. Legend: n/ hin ch thch ca biu .
5. Data Table: n/hin bng d liu.

6 7 8 9

Hnh 19.14: Thanh cng c Chart


6. By Row: Biu c v theo hng
(row).
7. By Column: Biu c v theo ct
(column).
8. Angle Text Downward: Nghing vn bn
(Text) theo hng xung.
9. Angle Text Upward: Nghing vn bn
(Text) theo hng ln.

Ngoi cch s dng menu Format v thanh cng c Chart dnh dng cho biu ,
bn c th thay i kch thc v di chuyn biu nh l mt i tng hnh trong Excel.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 172

Chng 20: NH DNG V IN N TRONG EXCEL

CHNG 20: NH DNG V IN N


TRONG EXCEL
--- oOo --Chng ny s hng dn bn chun b cc cng vic in n nh: thit lp cc ty
chn cho trang in (Page Setup), xem lt bng tnh (Print Preview) v thc hin in (Print).

20.1.NH DNG TRANG IN (PAGE SETUP)


Lnh File/Page Setup cho php bn t hng trang (Orientation), chn kh giy in
(Paper size), t rng ca cc l (Margins), to tiu v h mc (Header and Footer),
nh s trang (Page number), chn vng d liu in (Print Area), ...
Hp thoi Page Setup gm cc lp sau:

Lp Page: t hng trang, chn kh giy in,


- Orientation: Chn hng
giy in.
Portrait: hng in ng.
Landscape: hng in ngang.
- Scaling: chn t l in.
- Paper size: chn kh giy.
- Print quality: chn cht
lng in.
- First page number: chn
s bt u ca trang u
tin.

Hnh 20.1: t hng trang, chn kh giy in

Lp Margins: t rng ca cc l

Chn rng cc l
Top, Bottom, Left, Right,
Header v Footer (n v l
inch).
Nu mun t bng
tnh nm ngay ti tm ca
trang in (Center on page),
nh du vo mc
Horizontally t bng tnh
vo trung tm trang in theo
chiu ngang, nh du vo
mc Vertically t bng
tnh vo trung tm trang in
theo chiu ng.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 173
Hnh 20.2: t rng ca cc l

Chng 20: NH DNG V IN N TRONG EXCEL

Lp Header/ Footer: to tiu / h mc, nh s trang,

Chn Header
c sn
To Footer
theo mun

To Header
theo mun

Chn Footer
c sn

Hnh 20.3: To tiu / h mc, nh s trang


C th chn tiu / h mc c sn trong hp Header/ Footer, tuy nhin cc tiu /
h mc ny c th khng ng vi mong mun ca bn. to tiu / h mc theo ca
ring mnh, bn hy Click vo nt Custom Header/ Custom Footer. Hp thoi Header/
Footer (ging nhau) cho php bn to tiu / h mc, nh s trang, chn ngy, gi,

Tiu / h mc
bn tri

2 3

Tiu / h mc
gia

Tiu / h mc
bn phi

Hnh 20.4: To tiu / h mc theo mun


ngha cc nt
1. nh dng k t (Font, Size ...).

5. Chn thi gian (Time).

2. Chn s trang.

6. Chn tn tp tin Excel (Workbook).

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 20: NH DNG V IN N TRONG EXCEL


3. Chn tng s trang.

7. Chn tn bng tnh (Sheet).

4. Chn ngy thng (Date).

Lp Sheet: chn vng d liu in, t ty chn khi in, th t in,

Hnh 20.5: Chn vng d liu in, t ty chn khi in, th t in,

Print area: cho php chn vng d liu in (nu chn th ch d liu trong vng mi
c in, ngc li (khng chn) th in tt c d liu trong Sheet).
Ch :
) C th chn vng d liu in nh sau:
+ Chn vng d liu in.
+ Vo menu File/ Print Area/ Set Print Area.
) b chn vng d liu in, bn chn lnh File/ Print Area/ Clear Print Area.

Print titles: lp li tiu hng (row) v ct (column) trn mi trang in (khi bng
tnh c nhiu trang).
+ Rows to repeat at top: lp li tiu hng trn u mi trang in.
+ Columns to repeat at left: lp li tiu ct bn tri mi trang in.
Print: t mt s ty chn khi in.
+ Gridlines: chn in cc ng li (l cc ng chia m bn thng thy trn
mn hnh. Cc ng ny xc nh cc trong bng tnh. Thng thng cc
ng li ny khng c in ra).
+ Black and white: chn ch in trng en.
+ Draft quality: chn ch in nhp (cht lng km nhng in nhanh hn).
+ Row and column headings: chn in ch s hng (1,2,3,) v tn ct
(A,B,C,).
+ Comments: chn in/ khng in phn ch thch.
Page order: chn th t in khi bng tnh c nhiu trang.
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Chng 20: NH DNG V IN N TRONG EXCEL


+ Down, then over: in theo chiu t trn xung di ht cc trang, sau mi in
phn d bn phi.
+ Over, then down: in theo chiu t tri sang phi ht cc trang, sau mi in
trang sau.

20.2.XEM TRC KT QU IN (PRINT PREVIEW)


Chc nng Print Preview dng xem trc kt qu in trn mn hnh, nhm kim
tra v hiu chnh trc khi in trnh cc sai st. Trong mn hnh Print Preview, bn c
th thc hin:
9 Phng to, thu nh (Zoom) t l hin th trang in.
9 iu chnh cc l ca trang in (Left, Right, Top, Bottom, Header, Footer).
9 iu chnh rng ca cc ct.
chuyn sang ch Print Preview, bn thc hin theo mt trong cc cch sau:

Chn menu File/ Print Preview

Click vo nt Print Preview

Chn nt lnh Print Preview trong hp thoi Print hay Page Setup.

trn thanh cng c chun.


7

Header

Ct A

Top

Ct B

Left

Right

Bottom
Footer

Hnh 20.6: Xem trc kt qu in trn mn hnh


ngha cc nt lnh trn thanh cng c trong mn hnh Print Preview:
1. Next: n trang k tip.
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Chng 20: NH DNG V IN N TRONG EXCEL


2. Previous: Tr li trang ngay pha trc.
3. Zoom: Phng to/ thu nh mn hnh.
4. Print: M hp thoi Print thc hin in.
5. Setup: M hp thoi Page Setup nh cc thng s in.
6. Margins: iu chnh cc l.
7. Page Break Preview: Khi c chn s quay v bng tnh v chuyn qua ch
mn hnh Page Break Preview. ch ny s c nhng ng k tng trng
cho v tr ngt trang km theo nhng dng ch m Page1, Page2, Page3, ...
cho bit vng ang xem l trang no. quay v ch bnh thng, bn
chn lnh View/ Normal.
8. Close: ng mn hnh Print Preview li.
9. Help: m tr gip ca Excel.

20.3.THC HIN IN (PRINT)


Sau khi hon tt phn ni dung, thc hin in trong Excel, bn thc hin theo cc
bc sau:

t cc thng s cho cc trang in (Page Setup).

Chn vng d liu cn in (Print Area).

Xem trc khi in (Print Preview) iu chnh nu cn thit.

Thc hin in: chn menu File/ Print; hoc t hp phm Ctrl + P; hoc chn nt
lnh Print

trn thanh Standard. Hp thoi Print nh sau:

- Printer: chn my in s dng


trong hp Name.
- Print range: chn vng in.
+ All: chn in tt c cc trang.
+ Page(s): chn in lin tc t
trang bt u (From) cho n
trang cui (To).
- Print what: phn c in.
+ Selection: in khi c chn.
+ Entire workbook: in tt c
cc Sheet trong Workbook.
+ Active(s) sheet: in Sheet hin
hnh.

Hnh 20.7: Thc hin in

- Copies: s bn v th t in.
+ Number of copy: chn s bn in.
+ Collate: kim tra th t in.
V d: Gi s in trang 1, 2 v s bn in l 3. Th t in nh sau:
; Collate: trang 1, trang 2, trang 1, trang 2, trang 1, trang 2.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 20: NH DNG V IN N TRONG EXCEL


Collate: trang 1, trang 1, trang 1, trang 2, trang 2, trang 2.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 21: GII THIU MICROSOFT POWERPOINT

CHNG 21: GII THIU MICROSOFT


POWERPOINT
--- oOo --Microsoft PowerPoint (gi tt: PowerPoint) l mt phn mm trnh din
(presentation) chuyn nghip c nhiu tin ch trnh by vn c hnh thc p v sinh
ng, d s dng, y hiu qu. Bn c th s dng PowerPoint to cc trnh din phc
v ng o khn thnh gi vi nhiu mc ch khc nhau.
Trnh din l phng tin truyn t thng tin, thuyt phc, gio dc khn gi.
PowerPoint cung cp cho bn cc cng c to cc minh ha cho phn thuyt trnh trong
cc hi tho, hi ngh, seminar, bo co lun vn, Ngoi ra n cng c s dng ph
bin trong cng tc ging dy. Mi trang th hin ni dung, hnh nh, m thanh, c
gi l mt Slide.
PowerPoint c th s dng trnh by mt vn theo cc cch sau:
+ Trnh by trc tip bng my tnh: my tnh s c ni vi mt my
Projector hoc my Datashow.
+ Trnh by gin tip: bng cch in ra cc trang Slide ri s dng my
Overhead.

21.1.GII THIU MICROSOFT


POWERPOINT
21.1.1. Khi ng Microsoft PowerPoint
Cch 1: Chn lnh Start/ Programs/ Microsoft PowerPoint
Cch 2: D_Click vo biu tng PowerPoint trong mn hnh nn (Desktop).
Cch 3: D_Click ln tp tin PowerPoint c sn trong my.

21.1.2. Thot khi Microsoft Power Point


Cch 1: Click vo nt Close

Cch 2: Chn lnh File/ Exit.


Cch 3: Nhn t hp phm Alt + F4.

21.2.Mn hnh cA
PowerPoint
21.2.1. Ca s PowerPoint Startup
Sau khi gi ng dng PowerPoint, ca s
PowerPoint Startup xut hin nh hnh 22.1 cho
php bn chn cch to mi hay m mt trnh
din c trong my.
AutoContent Wizard: to mt trnh din s
dng tr gip (Wizard).
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Hnh 21.1: Ca s PowerPoint Startup

Chng 21: GII THIU MICROSOFT POWERPOINT


Design Template: to mt trnh din theo mu thit k.
Blank presentation: t thit k mt trnh din mi.
Open an existing presentation: m mt trnh din c trong my.

21.2.2. Ca s PowerPoint New Slide


Khi chn to mi mt
trnh din hoc chn thm vo
trnh din mt Slide mi, ca
s PowerPoint New Slide xut
hin nh hnh 22.2 cho php
bn chn hnh thc trnh by
ca Slide s c to.
Bn chn AutoLayout
mun s dng, sau Click
vo nt OK chn.

Hnh 21.2: Ca s PowerPoint New Slide

21.2.3. Ca s chng trnh PowerPoint

Hnh 21.3: Ca s chng trnh PowerPoint


Cc thanh cng c: ngoi cc thanh cng c tng t nh ca Word, PowerPoint c
thm thanh to hiu ng (Animation Effects) dng to cc hiu ng cho cc i tng
trong Slide (vn bn, hnh nh, bng biu, th, ) gip cho Slide thm sinh ng.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 21: GII THIU MICROSOFT POWERPOINT


Bt/ tt thanh ny, vo menu View/ Toolbars/ Animation Effects.

21.2.4. Cc thao tc trn tp tin


Tp tin ca PowerPoint c phn m rng mc nhin l .PPT (Presentation). Cc thao
tc m file, ng file, lu file tng t nh Word.
Ngoi ra, bn c th chn lu tp tin PowerPoint di dng phn m rng l .PPS
(PowerPoint Show).

21.2.5. Cc ch hin th ca PowerPoint


PowerPoint c bn ch trnh by v mt ch
trnh din. chn ch hin th, Click chn vo nt
cng c trn thanh cng c View cui trang mn
hnh.
Bn cng c th vo menu View, sau chn cch
hin th tng ng.

Normal

Slide

Slide Show

Outline Slide Sorter


Hnh 21.4: Cc ch hin th

a. Ch bnh thng (Normal View)


Khi hin th ch ny, mn hnh c chia thnh 3 phn: ca s bn tri hin
th tng quan ni dung ca bn trnh by, ca s bn phi hin th ni dung ca Slide hin
hnh, v ca s ghi ch pha bn di (nh hnh 21.3). Ch ny thng c s dng
khi to, chnh sa ni dung Slide.
b. Ch xem Slide (Slide View)
Hin th tng Slide trn mn hnh, ch ny thng c dng thm hnh nh,
nh dng k t, v nh dng mu nn.

Hnh 21.5: Ch Slide View

Hnh 21.6: Ch Outline View

c. Ch tng quan (Outline View)


Hin th tng quan cc Slide (Hnh
21.6), ch ny thng c dng thm
ni dung dng vn bn (text) cho cc Slide.
Bm chut vo cc nt cng c i km theo
tng Slide hin hoc n ni dung ca
Slide .
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Hnh 21.7: Ch Slide Sorter

Chng 21: GII THIU MICROSOFT POWERPOINT


d. Ch xem th t Slide (Slide Sorter)
Hin th nhiu Slide cng lc trn mn hnh (Hnh 21.7). Ch ny thng c
dng thay i v sp xp th t cc Slide.
e. Ch trnh din (Slide Show)
Hin th tng Slide ch ton mn hnh. Ch ny c dng khi thc hin
bui thuyt trnh. thot khi ch ny v tr v ch trc , nhn phm ESC.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 21: GII THIU MICROSOFT POWERPOINT

21.3.TO MT BN TRNH DIN


Trong PowerPoint, bn c th to mt trnh din bng nhiu cch khc nhau, tu theo
ni dung v s h tr thit k bn yu cu, bn c th:
To trnh din s dng AutoContent Wizard: ty chn ny cung cp nhiu mu
v tng cho cc kiu trnh by khc nhau. S dng AutoContent Wizard gip bn tit
kim thi gian v cung cp s h tr thit k nu nh bn khng th t thit k. Tuy nhin,
ni dung trnh din thng khng ph hp vi mong mun ca bn.
To trnh din s dng Design Template: MS PowerPoint cung cp nhiu mu
chun, nhng mu ny c nh dng sn mt s thuc tnh nh mu nn, font
ch,Phng php ny cho php bn b sung cc Slide v ni dung ca ring mnh,
nhng vn gi c khun mu nht qun.
To trnh din trng Blank Presentation: ty chn Blank Presentation dng to
ra mt trnh by khng c nh dng trc. Phng php ny khng cung cp cho bn
nhng ngh thit k, mu sc hoc ni dung nh sn. Bn ch nn to mt trnh din
trng khi s dng PowerPoint tng i thnh tho v mun to mt thit k tu , thay
v s dng mt trong nhng mu thit k c sn.

21.3.1. To trnh din s dng AutoContent Wizard


Bn c th thc hin theo mt trong hai cch sau:
+ Vo menu File/ New/ Trong lp General chn AutoContent Wizard ri Click
OK.
+ Chn AutoContent Wizard t hp thoi PowerPoint Startup (Hnh 21.1).
Hp thoi AutoContent Wizard xut hin nh hnh 21.8:

Hnh 21.8: Hp thoi AutoContent Wizard

Hnh 21.9: Chn kiu trnh by

Thc hin theo cc bc Wizard, Click nt lnh Next qua bc k tip, Click nt
lnh Finish khi hon thnh.
Chnh sa ni dung trnh din cho ph hp vi yu cu ca bn.

21.3.2. To trnh din s dng Design Template


Bn c th thc hin theo mt trong hai cch sau:
+ Vo menu File/ New/ Chn lp Design Template.
+ Chn Design Template t hp thoi PowerPoint Startup (Hnh 21.1).
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 21: GII THIU MICROSOFT POWERPOINT

Hnh 21.10: To trnh din s dng Design Template


chn mt mu no , bn chn tn mu t danh sch ca s bn tri ri xem
mu trong ca s Preview. Click OK khi chn c mt mu thch hp.
Chn cch b tr ni dung trong hp thoi AutoLayout (Hnh 21.2). Click OK.
Tin hnh nhp v nh dng cho ni dung ca trnh din theo yu cu thit k.

21.3.3. To trnh din trng Blank Presentation


Bn c th thc hin theo mt trong hai cch sau:
+ Vo menu File/ New/ Trong lp General chn Blank Presentation ri Click
OK.
+ Chn Blank presentation t hp thoi PowerPoint Startup (Hnh 21.1).
Chn cch b tr ni dung trong hp thoi AutoLayout (Hnh 21.2). Click OK.
Tin hnh nhp v nh dng cho ni dung ca trnh din theo yu cu thit k.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 22: CP NHT V NH DNG

CHNG 22: CP NHT V NH DNG


--- oOo ---

22.1.CHNH SA TRONG SLIDE


22.1.1. Lm vic vi vn bn
a. Nhp vn bn
Trong PowerPoint, vn bn c t trong cc Placeholder hoc cc Text Box, bn
cng c th p dng cc nh dng cho vn bn nh: m, nghing, gch di, to cc
mc s hoc du hoa th (Bullets and Numbering), ... bng cch dng hp thoi Font v
thanh cng c Formatting.
Nu bn chn kiu trnh by c cha vn
bn t hp thoi New Slide th bn c th bt
u ngay vic nhp v nh dng vn bn.
Nu mun thm hp vn bn ca ring
mnh, bn chn menu Insert/ Text Box hoc
Click nt Text Box
trn thanh Drawing, sau
v Text Box trn Slide s dng.

Hnh 22.1: Lm vic vi vn bn

b. nh dng vn bn
Bn c th p dng cc nh dng cho vn bn trong PowerPoint tng t nh
Word: nh dng k t (Font, Size, Font style, ), canh l cho on vn bn (tri, gia,
phi), to cc mc s hoc du hoa th (Bullets and Numbering),
Ngoi ra, bn cn c th thc hin cc nh dng khc nh sau:

i Font mc nh cho cc Slide


Chc nng ny cho php i cc Font ch mc nh hoc hin hnh ca cc Slide.

Khi to ra mt bn trnh by mi bng vic s dng mu thit k chun, cc Slide


c gn trc cho mt Font ch nht nh. PowerPoint cho php i Font ch theo
mun ca ngi dng.

 Cch thc hin:


- Vo menu Format/ Replace
Font, xut hin hp hi thoi:
+ Replace: Font ng s dng
+ With: Chn Font mi.
- Click Replace thay th.
- Click Close ng hp thoi.

Hnh 22.2: i ch mc nh cho cc Slide

Thay i khong cch gia cc dng, on

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 22: CP NHT V NH DNG


Chc nng ny cho php thay i khong cch mc nh gia cc dng, on. Theo
mc nh, khong cch gia cc dng l 1 dng.

 Cch thc hin:


- Vo menu Format/ Line Spacing, xut hin hp
hi thoi:
+ Line Spacing: khong cch gia cc dng, gi
tr mc nhin l 1 (Lines).
+ Before paragraph: khong cch so vi on
pha trn, mc nhin l 0 (Lines).
+ After paragraph: khong cch so vi on
pha di, mc nhin l 0 (Lines).
Hnh 22.3: t khong cch
gia cc dng, on

To tht dng cho cc mc trong vn bn

Chc nng ny cho php thay i cp u mc hoc s ca on vn bn trong cc


textbox. MS PowerPoint cung cp 5 cp tht dng trong mt textbox.

 Cch thc hin:


- Di chuyn con tr n dng mun thay i cp
tht dng.
- Nhn phm Tab tht dng mt cp. Tip tc
nhn Tab tht dng thm, nu cn.
Nu mun gim cp tht dng, nhn t hp
phm Shift + Tab.
Ngoi ra c th dng nt cng c Promote
thay i cp tht dng.
v Demote

Hnh 22.4: To tht dng cho


cc mc trong vn bn

22.1.2. Thm cc i tng khc vo Slide


a. To bng biu
Chc nng ny cho php to ra cc bng biu (Table) nhp d liu tng t nh
bng biu trong Word.

 Cch thc hin: bn c th thc hin theo mt trong cc cch sau:


Cch 1:
-

Chn nt New Slide trn thanh cng


c chun hoc chn Insert/ New Slide.

Chn loi Slide c cha Table.

Click OK.

Mt AutoShape mi xut hin trong


Slide, D_Click vo biu tng bng
to bng mi.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Hnh 22.5: To bng biu

Chng 22: CP NHT V NH DNG


-

Thc hin cc thao tc trn bng tng t nh trong Word.

Cch 2:
-

Vo menu Insert/ Table, xut hin hp thoi:

Chn s hng, s ct.

Click OK.

Hnh 22.6: Hp thoi Insert Table


Cch 3:
-

Click vo nt cng c Insert Table trn thanh


cng c Standard.

Chn s hng, s ct.

Click chn chn bng.


Ghi ch:

+ Thc hin cc thao tc trn bng tng t


nh trong Word.

Hnh 22.7: Nt cng c Insert Table

+ Nu trong Word hoc Excel c cha nhng bng ging nh bng cn to ra trong
PowerPoint, bn c th sao chp cc bng qua PowerPoint.
b. Chn biu
Chc nng ny cho php chn biu vo bn trnh din.

 Cch thc hin: tng t trn, bn cng c th thc hin theo mt trong cc cch sau:
- Chn loi Slide c cha biu trong hp thoi New Slide.
- Vo menu Insert/ Chart.
- Click vo nt cng c Insert Chart trn thanh cng c Standard.
- Sao chp biu t Word hocExcel sang.
Tin hnh thc hin theo cc bc tng t nh i vi Word.
c. Chn hnh nh, ch ngh thut, i tng v vo slide
Chc nng ny thc hin tng t nh trong Word.

22.1.3. nh dng cch trnh by ni dung Slide


Cch trnh by ni dung l cch sp xp cc thnh phn trong Slide nh: tiu , cc
danh sch, bng biu, biu , hnh nh, Khi to mt Slide mi, bn c th chn kiu
trnh by Slide trong hp thoi New Slide
gii thiu trn. Bn cng c th thay
i cch trnh by Slide cho ph hp vi
ni dung nh sau:

 Cch thc hin:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Hnh 22.8: Cch trnh by ni dung Slide

Chng 22: CP NHT V NH DNG


- Vo menu Format/ Silde Layout hoc Common Task/ Silde Layout.
- Chn cch trnh by Slide.
- Click Apply hoc Reapply.

22.1.4. nh dng Slide theo mu thit k sn


PowerPoint cung cp nhiu mu chun, nhng mu ny c nh dng sn mt
s thuc tnh nh mu nn, font ch, Khi to mt bn trnh din mi s dng Design
Template, bn c th chn trnh by
Slide theo mu c sn. Bn cng c th
thay i mu ny hoc chn nh dng
Slide theo mu nu bn s dng bn
trnh din trng (Blank Presentation).

 Cch thc hin:


- Vo menu Format/ Apply
Design Template hoc
Common Task/ Apply Design
Template.
- Chn mu trnh by .
- Click Apply.

Hnh 22.9: nh dng Slide theo mu thit k

22.1.5. Thay i s mu trong Slide


Chc nng ny cho php bn thay i mu cho cc i tng trong Slide.

 Cch thc hin:


- Vo menu Format/ Slide Color Scheme. Hp thoi Color Scheme nh hnh 22.10:
- Lp Standard: chn s mu c sn.
- Lp Custom: thay i mu cho cc i tng trong Slide (Hnh 22.11).
- Apply to All: p dng cho tt c cc Slide trong bn trnh din.
- Apply: p dng cho Slide hin hnh.

Hnh 22.10: Thay i s mu

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Hnh 22.11: Chn mu cho cc i tng

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Chng 22: CP NHT V NH DNG

22.1.6. Lm vic vi Slide Master


Slide Master l ni qui nh tt c cc nh dng, kiu dng ca cc Slide trong bn
trnh by. Khi thay i cc thuc tnh ca Slide Master th nhng thay i s c hiu lc
vi tt c cc Slide trong bn trnh din. Khi s dng Slide Master, ta c th to ra mt bn
trnh din vi kiu dng c tnh nht qun cao.
nh dng cc thuc tnh ca Slide Master ging nh nh dng mt Slide thng
thng. Cc thao tc thng thc hin l:
+ nh dng Style cho cc i tng vn bn (tiu , danh sch nh du u
mc) trong Slide: Font, c ch, kiu ch, mu ch, canh l, khong cch gia
cc dng, cc on,
+ Thay i kch thc v v tr ca cc i tng khc (thm ngy gi, tiu u
v cui trang, nh s trang, ).
+ Thay i mu nn, mu cho cc i tng trong Slide.
a. Thay i cc thuc tnh ca Slide Master

 Cch thc hin:


Vo menu View/ Master/ Slide Master, xut hin ca s nh sau:

Hnh 22.12: Thay i cc thuc tnh ca Slide Master


Click vo hp Title Area for AutoLayouts thay i cc thuc tnh cho tiu .
Click vo hp Object Area for AutoLayouts thay i cc thuc tnh cho danh
sch nh du u mc.
Click vo hp Date Area, Footer Area, Number Area thay i cc thuc tnh cho
ngy gi, tiu u v cui trang, s trang.
Click Close trn thanh cng c Master tr v ch bnh thng.
b. nh dng Header v Footer
Chc nng ny dng thm ngy gi, tiu u v cui trang, s trang cho Slide
khi ang trong ch nh dng Slide Master.

 Cch thc hin:


Vo menu View/ Header and Footer, xut hin hp hi thoi nh hnh 22.13:
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 22: CP NHT V NH DNG


Tin hnh thay i thuc tnh cho cc i tng trong ch Slide (lp Slide) v
ch Notes Page (lp Notes and Handouts).
; Date and Time: thm ngy gi vo Slide hoc Notes Page.
~ Update automatically: t ng cp nht ngy gi lc trnh din.
Chn nh dng ngy gi t hp k th.
~ Fixed: nhp ngy gi c nh, ngy gi ny s khng thay i.

Hnh 22.13: nh dng Header v Footer


; Slide number: Chn s th t trang cho Slide.
; Page number: Chn s th t trang cho Notes Page.
; Footer: thm tiu cui trang cho Slide hoc Notes Page.
; Header: thm tiu u trang cho Notes Page.
Click Apply n nh thay i cho Slide hin hnh.
Click Apply to All n nh thay i cho tt c cc Slide.
c. nh dng mu nn cho Slide Master
Vo menu Format/ Background, xut hin
hp hi thoi nh hnh 22.14:
Chn mu nn hoc s dng cc hiu ng cho
nn Slide (mu nn, hnh nh, ).
Click Apply n nh thay i cho Slide
hin hnh.
Click Apply to All n nh thay i cho tt
c cc Slide.

Hnh 22.14: nh dng mu nn


d. nh dng s mu cho Slide Master
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 22: CP NHT V NH DNG


Chc nng ny cho php bn thay i mu cho cc i tng trong Slide Master,
vo menu Format/ Slide Color Scheme v thc hin tng t nh nh dng cho Slide
thng ( gii thiu trn).
e. nh dng cho Title Master
Title Master cho php nh dng cc thuc tnh cho Slide tiu (Slide u tin
trong bn trnh din). Nu chnh sa Slide Master trc, bn s khng cn thay i
nhiu cho Slide tiu . Bn c th chn Font ch ln hn, hoc thm vo mt hnh nh,
b ngy gi, tiu , s trang,

 Cch thc hin:


Vo menu View/ Master/
Title Master, xut hin
ca s nh sau:
Tin hnh thay i thuc
tnh cho cc i tng nh
vi Slide Master.

Hnh 22.15: nh dng cho Title Master


Ch : Nu bn to trnh din mi l bn trnh din trng (Blank Presentation), bn
phi thm mt Title Master mi bng cch vo menu Insert/ New Title Master hoc nhn
t hp phm Ctrl + M.

22.2.thao TC TRN CC SLIDE


Trong phn ny chng ta s lm quen vi cc thao tc c bn trn Slide thng s dng
khi to ra mt trnh din.

22.2.1. Thm Slide mi


Chc nng ny cho php thm Slide mi vo bn trnh din.

 Cch thc hin:


Vo menu Insert/ New Slide hoc Click vo nt
trn thanh cng c Standard
hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + M hoc vo Common Task/ New Slide.
Chn cch trnh by Slide mi t ca s New Slide ri Click OK.
Ch : bn c th to Slide mi ging nh Slide hin hnh bng cch vo menu Insert/
Duplicate Slide.

22.2.2. Xo b Slide
Chc nng ny cho php xo b Slide khng s dng trong bn trnh din.

 Cch thc hin: bn c th thc hin theo mt trong cc cch sau:


Vo menu Edit/ Delete Slide.
Chn Slide cn xo trong khung Outline hoc trong ch Slide Sorter, ri nhn
phm Delete.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 187

Chng 22: CP NHT V NH DNG

22.2.3. Sao chp Slide


Chc nng ny cho php sao chp Slide trong bn trnh din.

 Cch thc hin:


Chn Slide cn sao chp trong khung Outline hoc trong ch Slide Sorter.
Vo menu Edit/ Copy hoc Click vo nt
hp phm Ctrl + C hoc R_Click/ Copy.

trn thanh Standard hoc nhn t

Click chn v tr dn Slide.


Vo menu Edit/ Paste hoc Click vo nt
hp phm Ctrl + V hoc R_Click/ Paste.

trn thanh Standard hoc nhn t

22.2.4. Sp xp li cc Slide
Chc nng ny cho php sp xp li cc Slide trong bn trnh din cho ng vi
trnh t ni dung.

 Cch thc hin:


Chn Slide cn thay i v tr trong khung Outline hoc trong ch Slide Sorter.
Vo menu Edit/ Cut hoc Click vo nt
phm Ctrl + X.

trn thanh Standard hoc nhn t hp

Click chn v tr mi cho Slide.


Vo menu Edit/ Paste hoc Click vo nt
hp phm Ctrl + V.

trn thanh Standard hoc nhn t

Ch : bn c th thc hin nhanh bng thao tc Drag chut nh sau: chn Slide cn
thay i v tr trong khung Outline hoc trong ch Slide Sorter, dng chut Drag ti v
tr mi.

22.2.5. n cc Slide
Chc nng ny cho php n Slide trong ch trnh din (Slide Show) nhng khng
xa hn Slide khi bn trnh din hin hnh.

 Cch thc hin:


+ Chn Slide mun n.
+ Chn Slide Show/ Hide Slide.
Ch : mun hin li cc Slide ny, chn Slide Show/ Hide Slide mt ln na.

22.3.to cc HIU NG HOT HNH


22.3.1. Cc hiu ng hot hnh
phn trnh din tr nn sinh ng, PowerPoint cung cp nhiu hiu ng hot hnh
thc hin cc hot cnh trn bn trnh din. Hot cnh l mt cch dng minh ha
khi nim v tng mt cch trc quan d hiu, hoc dng nhn mnh thng qua cc
hiu ng gy s ch . V d: c th to mt hot cnh hng dn ngi xem hiu c
tng bc ca mt tin trnh. Ta cng c th nhn mnh s xut hin hay bin mt ca mt
i tng bng cc hiu ng gy n tng.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 188

Chng 22: CP NHT V NH DNG


Mt hot cnh c th n gin ch l mt dy cc Text Box c ch nh xut hin
theo mt th t theo thi gian ca ngi bo co. mc phc tp hn, ta c th lm
cho cc nh chuyn ng din t bn cht ca mt qu trnh.
Bn cng c th ty bin cc hiu ng hot hnh c bn theo nhiu cch khc nhau
nh: to lin kt gia cc Slide, m mt tp tin ng dng khc, khi ng mt chng
trnh ng dng, m mt trang Web,

22.3.2. To hiu ng hot hnh


Chc nng ny cho php to hiu ng cho cc i tng trong mt Slide. C rt
nhiu hiu ng c th chn gn cho cc i tng trong Slide.

 Cch thc hin:


Chn i tng mun to hiu ng, c th l Text Box hoc i tng ha.
Cch 1: s dng cc hiu ng c sn
+ Vo menu Slide Show/ Preset Animation.
+ Chn mt hiu ng t menu con.
Ch : chn hiu ng khc hoc b hiu ng , thc hin li lnh trn mt ln na.
Cch 2: t to cc hiu ng
+ Vo menu Slide Show/ Custom Animation, xut hin hp hi thoi:

Hnh 22.16: T to cc hiu ng


Lp Effects:
+ Ln lt chn cc i tng mun to hiu ng trong danh sch Check to
animate slide objects.
+ Entry animation and sound: cho php chn loi hiu ng v hng ca hiu
ng. Chn No Effect khi khng s dng hiu ng.
o 1: chn hiu ng, mc nhin khng c hiu ng.
o 2: chn hng xut pht ca i tng khi hiu ng din ra.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 189

Chng 22: CP NHT V NH DNG


o 3: chn m thanh khi c hiu ng, mc nhin khng c m thanh.
+ Introduce text: cch cc k t xut hin: hin tt c (All at once), hin tng
t, (By Word) hay hin tng k t (By Letter).
+ Grouped by: qui nh cc i tng xut hin theo nhm no.
+ After animation: hnh ng sau khi hiu ng kt thc
o Color: mu ca vn bn sau khi hiu ng kt thc
o Dont Dim: xa b ht cc hiu ng ca mc After animation
o Hide After Animation: i tng s n i sau khi hiu ng kt thc.
o Hide on Next Mouse Click: i tng s b n khi Click chut.
Lp Order & Timing:
+ Animation order: cho php thay i th t xut hin ca cc i tng trong
Slide bng cch: chn i tng mun thay i th t, nhn vo mi tn Move
di chuyn v tr ca i tng .
+ Start animation: cho php ch ra khi no th cc i tng bt u xut hin
o On mouse click: i tng xut hin mi khi Click chut.
o Automatically: sau bao nhiu giy th i tng t ng xut hin.
Lp Chart Effects: cho php chn hiu ng cho biu .
Lp Multimedia Settings: cho php thay i thuc tnh ho v m thanh.
+ Click Preview bt c lc no mun xem th cc hiu ng.
+ Click OK kt thc.

22.3.3. Ca s Animation Preview


Chc nng ny cho php ta th xem kt qu ca cc hiu
ng ngay sau khi ta gn mt hiu ng cho mt i tng no .
Chn Slide Show/ Animation Preview hoc Click vo nt
trn thanh Animation Effects, ca s Animation Preview s
xut hin nh hnh 22.17:
Hnh 22.17: Xem th cc
hiu ng

22.3.4. To hiu ng chuyn tip


gia cc Slide
Chc nng ny cho php to hiu ng
chuyn tip gia cc Slide trong ch Slide
Show.

 Cch thc hin:


Vo menu Slide Show/ Slide
Transition, xut hin hp hi thoi:
+ Effect: cho php chn cc hiu ng t
hp k th v tc thi hnh ca hiu
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 190
Hnh 22.18: Hiu ng chuyn tip gia

Chng 22: CP NHT V NH DNG


ng l chm (Slow), trung bnh (Medium), hay nhanh (Fast).
+ Advance: cho php chn cc ty chn nng cao.
o On mouse click: hiu ng s xy ra khi Click chut.
o Automatically after: sau bao nhiu giy th i tng t ng xy ra.
+ Sound: cho php to ra m thanh khi thi hnh hiu ng.
Click Apply n nh thay i cho Slide hin hnh.
Click Apply to All n nh thay i cho tt c cc Slide.

22.3.5. Thit lp hnh ng cho mt i tng


Chc nng ny cho php bn gn mt thao tc ca chut vo mt i tng
PowerPoint (hp vn bn, i tng ho, nt hnh ng, ), bn c th chuyn sang
mt Slide khc, m mt tp tin ng dng khc, khi ng mt chng trnh ng dng, m
mt trang Web, bng cch Click chut hoc n gin hn l ch cn a tr chut i
ngang qua i tng c chn.

 Cch thc hin:


Chn i tng mun gn hnh ng.
Vo menu Slide Show/ Action Settings, hp thoi xut hin nh hnh 22.19:
Chn t hnh ng thi hnh khi
Click chut ln i tng (lp
Mouse Click) hoc khi tr chut
i ngang qua i tng (lp
Mouse over).
+ Hyperlink to: chn Slide hoc tp
tin lin kt t hp k th. Khi
hnh ng c thi hnh,
PowerPoint s chuyn n Slide
hoc m tp tin ny.
+ Run program: khi ng mt
chng trnh ng dng khi hnh
ng c thi hnh.
+ Play sound: chn m thanh khi
hnh ng c thi hnh.
+ Click OK hon thnh.

Hnh 22.19: Hp thoi Action Settings

22.3.6. To nt hnh ng
Chc nng ny cho php bn gn mt thao tc vo mt nt lnh c th. Nt hnh
ng l mt i tng c xc nh trc, c gn vo mt thao tc thng qua ty chn
trog hp thoi Action Settings trn.

 Cch thc hin:


Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 191

Chng 22: CP NHT V NH DNG


- Vo menu Slide Show/ Action Buttons, a tr chut
vo thanh tiu ri ko ra khi menu, ta c thanh cng
c Actions Buttons nh hnh bn.
- Chn mt nt t thanh cng c Actions, ko chut
v nt lnh vo Slide. Khi s xut hin hp hi thoi
Action Settings nh hnh 22.19 trn.
- Thc hin tng t nh thit lp tc ng cho mt i
tng bt k nu trn.

Hnh 22.20: Thanh


cng c Actions

22.4.cc gi khi thit k mt bn trnh DIN


S dng mu ch v mu nn tng phn ch d c
Dng nhng mnh hoc nhng cu ngn gn theo tng .
Trnh a qu nhiu vn bn v hnh nh trong mt Slide. Thnh gi cn phi tp
trung nghe vn ang trnh by hn l tp trung vo cc Slide.
S dng c ch ln nhng ngi ngi xa c th c c. Nn s dng c
ch 24-point hoc ln hn.
Khng nn s dng qu nhiu ch hoa v n kh c hn ch thng. Ch s dng
ch hoa trong trng hp mun nhn mnh ni dung no .
S dng nh dng vn bn n gin, trnh s dng qu nhiu nh dng nh m,
nghing, gch di, c ch ln, nhn mnh trong mt cu. Khng nn s
dng qu nhiu Font ch khc nhau trong mt Slide.
S dng hiu ng cho i tng cng nh hiu ng chuyn trang n gin. Qu
nhiu hiu ng s lm cho ngi dng mt tp trung vo vn ang trnh by.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 192

Chng 23: LM VIC VI CC TRNH DIN

CHNG 23: LM VIC VI CC TRNH


DIN
--- oOo ---

23.1. THC HIN MT BUI TRNH DIN


Sau khi hon tt vic to cc Slide trong trnh din, bn phi duyt li tt c nhng
thng tin, hnh nh, m thanh, m bn s trnh by trc thnh gi, ng thi bn phi
xy dng mt kch bn v vic s dng cc k thut thch hp th hin ni dung mt
cch c hiu qu.

23.1.1. Thit k mt cuc trnh din


Chc nng ny cho php bn thay i cc ty chn cho bui trnh din.

 Cch thc hin:


Vo menu Slide Show/ Set Up Show, hp thoi Set Up Show nh sau:

Hnh 23.1: Thit k mt cuc trnh din


Ty chn Show type: cch thc hin trnh din.
+ Presented by a speaker (full screen): cho php thc hin trnh din ch ton
mn hnh.
+ Browsed by an individual (window): cho php trnh din ch mn hnh bnh
thng, v t iu khin vic trnh din ca PowerPoint theo nhu cu ring.
+ Browsed at a kiosk (full screen): cho php thc hin trnh din ch ton mn
hnh, din ra mt cch t ng, v c lp i lp li.
+ Loop continuously until Esc: cho php trnh din lp i lp li lin tc n khi
nhn phm Esc, ty chn ny l mc nh khi s dng ch Browsed at a kiosk.
+ Show without narration: cho php tt phn thuyt minh i km.
+ Show without animation: cho php tt cc hiu ng.
Ty chn Slide: chn cc Slide cho bui trnh din.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 193

Chng 23: LM VIC VI CC TRNH DIN


+ All: trnh din tt c cc Slide.
+ From To : trnh din mt nhm Slide lin tc.
+ Custom show: cho php chn phng n trnh din ring.
Ty chn Advanced Slides: cc ty chn nng cao.
+ Manually: ch chuyn trang th cng (nhn phm hoc Click chut qua
Slide khc).
+ Using timings, if present: ch chuyn trang t ng (sau mt khong thi gian
no ).

23.1.2. Thit k mt phng n trnh din ring


Chc nng ny cho php bn to ra nhng trnh din c th ty bin phc v
nhng i tng khn gi khc nhau, hoc nhng mc ch khc nhau m khng cn phi
to ra nhiu trnh din c ni dung tng t. Ngoi ra, vic chnh sa, cp nht ni dung
cng c nhanh chng v chnh xc hn.
V d: bn cn to mt trnh din cho 3 nhm i tng khc nhau. Trong , 6
Slide u c s dng chung cho c 3 nhm, mi nhm c thm 3 Slide ring. Nh vy,
bn ch cn thit k trnh din vi 15 Slide l c th s dng cho c 3 nhm thay v phi
thit k 3 trnh din ring phi dng ti 27 Slide.

 Cch thc hin:


Vo menu Slide Show/ Custom Show, hp thoi Custom Show nh hnh 23.2:

Hnh 23.2: Thit k mt


phng n trnh din ring

Hnh 23.3: Chn cc Slide trong phng n trnh din

+ New: to mt phng n trnh din mi.


+ Edit: chnh sa phng n trnh din c chn.
+ Remove: xo b phng n trnh din c chn.
+ Copy: sao chp phng n trnh din c chn.
Khi chn New hoc Edit th s xut hin hp thoi Define Custom Show nh hnh
24.3 trn cho php to v chnh sa mt phng n trnh din. Bn c th thm (Add),
hay loi b (Remove) cc Slide trong phng n cng nh sp xp li th t cc Slide.

23.1.3. Thc hin mt bui trnh din


kim tra li hoc thc hin trnh din chnh thc, bn vo menu View/ Slide
Show hoc Slide Show/ View Show hoc nhn phm F5 hoc Click chut vo nt Slide

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 194

Chng 23: LM VIC VI CC TRNH DIN


Show
cui mn hnh. Trnh din s hin th theo cch bn chn khi thit k trnh
din (Slide Show/ Set Up Show).
Cc thao tc c bn trong qu trnh trnh din
+ Chuyn qua trang tip theo: nhn SPACE BAR, ENTER, PAGE DOWN, phm N,
phm mi tn phi, phm mi tn xung hoc chut tri.
+ Tr v trang trc: nhn BACKSPACE, PAGE UP, phm P, phm mi tn tri hoc
phm mi tn ln .
+ n mt Slide bt k: g s th t ca Slide v nhn Enter.
+ Kt thc trnh din: nhn phm Esc, phm - hoc t hp phm Ctrl + Break.
+ giu con tr v nt lnh gc tri bn di: nhn phm A hoc phm =.
+ Bt/ tt ch bi en ton mn hnh: nhn phm B hoc phm ..
+ Bt/ tt ch lm trng ton mn hnh: nhn phm W hoc phm ,.
+ S dng menu lnh: trong ch trnh din, bn c th Click chn nt lnh gc
tri bn di hoc R_Click ln mn hnh v chn lnh nh menu sau:
Next: chuyn ti Slide k.
Previous: v Slide trc.
Go: chn cch chuyn Slide.
Slide Navigator: hin th hp thoi
cho php chn Slide chuyn ti.
By Title: lit k cc Slide trong
trnh din v cho php chn Slide
chuyn ti.
Custom Show: cho php chn
phng n trnh din ring.
Previous Viewed: v Slide xem
trc .

Hnh 23.4: S dng menu khi trnh din

End Show: kt thc bui trnh din.


Ch : trc khi trnh din cho thnh gi, nn trnh din th kim tra thit b chiu
(projector, overhead) v iu chnh c ly v v tr thch hp.

23.2.In cc trang trnh DIN


Chc nng ny cho php in cc Slide trong bn trnh din ra giy hoc phim.

 Cch thc hin: vo menu File/ Print hoc nhn vo nt cng c Print

hoc nhn

t hp phm Ctrl + P, xut hin hp hi thoi nh hnh 23.5:


Name: chn my in mun s dng t lit hp k th.
Print range: chn vng in
+ All: in tt c cc slide.
+ Curent slide: in slide hin hnh.
+ Selection: in cc i tng c chn trc.
+ Custom show: in cc Slide c chn trong Custom Show.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 195

Chng 23: LM VIC VI CC TRNH DIN


+ Slides: cho php nhp cc Slide mun in.
Copies: s bn in, mc nh in 1 bn.
Print what: chn cch in.
+ Handouts: cho php in nhiu Slide trn cng 1 trang giy
- Slide per page: s Slide trn mt trang
- Order: th t in.
o Horizontal: th t t
tri qua phi
o Vertical: th t t trn
xung di
+ Slides: in mi Slide trn mt
trang
+ Notes: in cc ghi ch.
+ Outline View: in cc cng.
Grayscale: in trng en.
Scale to fit paper: t ng iu
chnh kch thc in va kh
giy.
Frame Slide: thm vo khung bao
cho mi slide.
Hnh 23.5: In cc Slide trong bn trnh din

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 196

Chng 24: INTERNET V DCH V WORLD WIDE WEB

CHNG 24: INTERNET V DCH V


WORLD WIDE WEB
--- oOo --Hin nay nhu cu khai thc thng tin trn mng Internet ngy cng tng. V vy
trong chng ny s gii thiu nhng khi nim c bn v Internet, cc dch v trn
Internet v cch s dng trnh duyt Internet Explorer khai thc thng tin trn Internet.

24.1.GII THIU INTERNET


24.1.1. Internet bt u nh th no?
Nm 1965, B quc phng M xy dng mt h thng mng my tnh phc v
cho vic nghin cu qun s. Mng ny c tn l ARPAnet, h thng ny c thit k vi
kh nng chu ng c nhng s c nghim trng nh thin tai, chin tranh,m vn
hot ng bnh thng. y chnh l tin thn ca mng Internet sau ny. Ti thi im
ny, ch c nhng nh khoa hc, c quan ca chnh ph M mi c quyn truy cp vo h
thng ARPAnet.
Vo cui nhng nm 1980, hip hi khoa hc M c nhng n lc cho php
cc nh khoa hc, cc trng cao ng v cc trng i hc c th tham gia s dng h
thng mng ARPAnet chia s nhng thng tin, d liu khoa hc ca h. Tuy nhin vic
s dng Internet lc rt kh khn, i hi ngi dng c k nng my tnh cao.
Mng Internet c th ch dng li y nu nh khng c s ra i ca World Wide
Web, c pht minh bi Tim Berners-Lee trong thi gian lm vic ti CERN (T chc
nghin cu nguyn t ca Chu u t ti Thy S). ng Tim tm ra cch thc my
tnh cc v tr, a im khc nhau c th hin th nhng vn bn c lin kt n cc tp
tin vn bn khc. Kt qu nghin cu ca ng Tim l ngn ng nh du siu vn bn
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language).

24.1.2. Thng tin g c cho php a ln Internet?


Internet l mt mng din rng m trong c nhiu c nhn, t chc, quc gia cng
tham gia. Thng tin a ln mng Internet c xut x t nhiu ngun khc nhau, v phc
v cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau. T nhng thng tin phc v cho gio dc, y t, quc
phng, du lch cho n nhng thng tin c th c hi cho cc t chc, cc quc gia, hoc
cc nn vn ha.
V mi quc gia c h thng php l ring ca h v nhng h thng php l ny i
khi li tri ngc nhau nn thng tin c a ln mng Internet hu nh khng th kim
sot c. Chng hn ta n Canada mun kt ti mt cng dn nc h v ti tuyn
truyn, ng h ch ngha pht xt mi nhng h khng th a anh ta ra ta c v thng
tin anh ta a ln mng c lu tr M. M theo lut php M th iu ny li c
cho php.

24.1.3. Nguyn l hot ng ca Internet


hiu nguyn l hot ng ca Internet theo cch n gin nht, ta c th hnh
dung thng tin gi v nhn t cc my tnh ging nh vic gi th qua h thng bu in.
Khi mun gi th, ngi ta thng n mt trm bu in gn nht b th vo thng.
Ti y th ca chng ta v ca nhiu ngi khc na s c phn loi theo a ch ri
tip tc c gi ln tuyn cao hn. Qui trnh c tip tc nh th cho n khi th ca
chng ta ti c a ch ca ngi nhn.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 196

Chng 24: INTERNET V DCH V WORLD WIDE WEB


Tng t nh vy, khi nhn v gi thng tin trn Internet, thng tin cn phi c
xc nh a ch duy nht. a ch Internet ca cc t liu c qun l bng b nh v ti
nguyn ng dng URL (Uniform Resouce Locator). Mi trang Web khi c a ln
Internet s c t nht mt a ch URL tham chiu n n.

24.2.Mt S khi nIm


24.2.1. a ch Internet
a. a ch IP (Internet Protocol Address)
Khi tham gia vo Interntet, cc my tnh gi l cc host, phi mang mt a ch IP
dng nhn dng. a ch IP c chia lm 4 s thp phn gii hn t 0 - 255, phn cch
nhau bng du chm.
V d: 172.16.19.5; 172.16.0.3;

b. H thng tn min DNS (Domain Name System)


a ch IP gm cc s rt kh nh v kh s dng, cn phi xy dng mt h thng
a ch Internet khc, chnh l h thng tn min DNS, t tn cho cc host trn
Internet.
V d: www.yahoo.com, www.microsoft.com, www.ctu.edu.vn, www.mit.edu, ...
Mi host trn Internet s c hai a ch: a ch IP v a ch tn min c nh x
vi nhau. Khi ngi s dng dng tn min, n s c chuyn i qua a ch IP tng
ng.
Cc phn com, edu hay vn trong a ch tn min trn c gi l tn min cp 1
(First-level Domain hay Top-level Domain). C hai loi Top-level Domain chnh:
Domain mang tnh t chc:
Domain

T chc

com (Commercial)

Thng mi

edu (Educational)

Gio dc

gov (Governmental)

Nh nc

int (International)

T chc quc t

mil (Military)

Qun i

net (Networking)

Ti nguyn trn mng

org (Organizational)

Cc t chc khc

Domain mang tnh a l: gm 2 k t tt i din cho mt quc gia.


Domain

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Quc gia

at

au

ca

Canada

de

Trang 197

Chng 24: INTERNET V DCH V WORLD WIDE WEB


Fr

Php

jp

Nht

uk

Anh

us

vn

Vit Nam

24.2.2. Mt s thnh phn trn Internet


a. Nh cung cp truy cp Internet IAP (Internet Access Provider)
L nh cung cp dch v ng truyn kt ni vi Internet, qun l cng
(gateway) ni vi quc t.
IAP Vit Nam: Cng ty dch v truyn s liu VDC thuc tng cng ty bu chnh
vin thng, c quan thc hin trc tip l VNN.

b. Nh cung cp dch v Internet ISP (Internet Service Provider)


L nh cung cp dch v Internet cho cc t chc v c nhn, cn c gi l cc
ISP thng mi. ISP phi thu ng truyn v cng ca mt IAP.
ISP thng mi Vit Nam: Cng ty dch v truyn s liu VDC thuc tng cng ty
bu chnh vin thng, Cng ty FPT thuc B khoa hc cng ngh v mi trng,

c. ISP dng ring


L nh cung cp dch v Internet khng mang tnh cht kinh doanh. y l loi hnh
dch v Internet ca cc c quan hnh chnh, cc trng i hc,vin nghin cu,
ISP dng ring Vit Nam: mng ca Trung tm khoa hc v k thut ht nhn,
mng Khoa hc gio dc VARENet.

d. Ngi s dng Internet


L ngi s dng cc dch v Internet. Nhng ngi ny phi ng k vi mt ISP,
c mt ti khon (Account) qun l truy cp v tnh ton chi ph phi tr cho ISP. Khi
ng k vi ISP, ngi s dng cn phi bit:
ISP c cung cp y cc dch v ca Internet khng?
ISP c truy nhp thng qua ng in thoi cc b hay ng di.
Tc ng truyn ca ISP.
Phng thc v chi ph phi thanh ton.

e. Ti khon ngi dng trn Internet


Khi ng k vi mt ISP, ngi dng c cung cp mt ti khon. Mi ti khon
bao gm tn (User name) v mt khu ng nhp (Password).
Ngoi vic s dng ti khon do ISP cp qun l truy cp v tnh ton chi ph, khi
s dng Internet c th c nhiu trang Web yu cu bn phi c mt ti khon ng nhp
vo mi s dng c mt s dch v khc, l ti khon ca ngi dng Internet.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 24: INTERNET V DCH V WORLD WIDE WEB

24.3.CC DCH V THNG DNG TRN INTERNET


24.3.1. Dch v Telnet (Telephone Internet)
Telnet l chng trnh ca my tnh ni kt chng trnh ngun vi mt my tnh
khc xa. V d, bn c th s dng Telnet kt ni vi mt my ch mt ni khc rt
xa. Trong trng hp ny bn cn phi c tn ngi s dng (User name) v mt m
(Password) cng nh tn ca my , bn cng phi cn bit m h thng my s dng h thng tng qut y l UNIX.

24.3.2. Dch v th in t (Mail Service)


Bn c th gi hoc nhn cc th in t (Electronic Mail- Email) t bt c mt ni
no vi iu kin l ngi nhn v ngi gi phi c mt a ch Email v my tnh s
dng c ni mng Internet. Bn ch ra lnh nhn Mail c lu tr trong mng phc v,
th l th nm trong my tnh ca bn.

24.3.3. Dch v tin in t (News)


Cho php trao i cc bi bo v bn tin in t (bulletin) xuyn sut Internet. Cc
bi bo c t ti trung tm c s d liu trn sut khng gian Internet. Ngi dng truy
cp vo c s d liu ly v cc bi bo h cn. iu ny lm gim tc nghn trn
mng v loi tr vic lu tr nhiu bn sao khng cn thit ca mi bi bo trn tng h
thng ca ngi dng.

24.3.4. Dch v truyn tp tin (FTP: File Transfer Protocol)


FTP l mt h thng chnh yu chuyn ti File gia cc my vi tnh vo Internet.
File c chuyn ti c dung lng rt ln. FTP hu ht c s dng cho vic chuyn ti
nhng d liu mang tnh c nhn.
Thng thng, bn s dng FPT chp File trn mt my ch t xa vo my ca
bn, vic x l ny gi l np xung (downloading). Tuy nhin, bn cng c th chuyn
File t my ca bn vo my ch t xa, iu ny gi l np ln (uploading). Thm vo ,
nu cn thit, FTP s cho php bn chp File t mt my ch t xa ti mt my khc.

24.3.5. Dch v Web (World Wide Web WWW)


y l khi nim m ngi dng Internet quan tm nhiu nht hin nay. Ngi ta
vit tt l WWW hay gi ngn gn l Web. Web l mt cng c, hay ng hn l dch v
ca Internet.
Khc vi cc dch v trc y ca Internet, Web cha thng tin bao gm vn bn,
hnh nh, m thanh v thm ch c video c kt hp vi nhau. Web cho php bn c th
chui vo mi ng ngch trn Internet, l nhng im cha c s d liu gi l Web site.
Nh c Web, nn d khng phi l mt chuyn gia, bn vn c th s dng Internet.
Phn mm s dng nh hng Web gi l trnh duyt Web (Web browser). Hin
nay, trnh duyt thng dng nht l Netscape ca Sun, tip l Internet Explorer ca
Microsoft, ngoi ra cn c Opera, Mozilla Firefox,

24.4.Trnh duyt Web Internet Explorer (IE)


24.4.1. Khi ng v thot khi Internet Explorer

Khi ng Internet Explorer:


C nhiu cch khi ng trnh duyt:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 24: INTERNET V DCH V WORLD WIDE WEB


Chn Start/ Program Files/ Internet Explorer
D_Click ln biu tng IE trn mn hnh nn.
Click vo biu tng IE

trn thanh Taskbar.

Thot khi Internet Explorer:


Bn c th thc hin theo mt trong cc cch sau:
Click vo nt Close

trn thanh tiu .

Chn lnh File/ Close.

Nhn t hp phm Alt + F4.

24.4.2. Cc thnh phn trong mn hnh Internet Explorer

Thanh a ch

Thanh cng c

Thanh trng thi

Hnh 24.1: Cc thnh phn trong mn hnh Internet Explorer


a. Thanh cng c:
Cc nt trn thanh cng c cho php thc hin cc thao tc nhanh hn. Chc nng
ca cc nt trn thanh cng c nh sau:

Hnh 24.2: Thanh cng c ca Internet Explorer


Back: tr v trang trc .
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 24: INTERNET V DCH V WORLD WIDE WEB


Forward: hin th trang k tip.
Stop: ngng ti trang Web hin hnh t my ch.
Refresh: ti li ni dung trang Web hin hnh.
Home: hin th trang khi u, trang ny t ng np mi khi khi ng IE.
Search: cho php tm kim.
Favorites: danh sch nhng trang Web a thch.
Media: np trang Web c cha lin kt n nhng ti nguyn v Media.
History: lit k cc trang xem trc .
Mail: thi hnh chng trnh nhn gi Email.
Print: In trang hin hnh.
b. Thanh a ch
Dng nhp a ch ca trang web mun truy cp. Thanh a ch cng hin ln a
ch ca trang Web hin hnh.
Bn c th Click vo hp k th chn a ch ca nhng trang Web thng hay
truy cp.

Hnh 24.3: Thanh a ch ca Internet Explorer


c. Thanh trng thi
Dng hin th tin trnh np trang Web. Khi trang web ang c np, nhn vo
thanh ch th mu xanh bit c lng thng tin np c so vi tng s thng tin
cn np. Khi trang Web c np xong, thanh trng thi s hin ch Done.

Hnh 24.4: Thanh trng thi ca Internet Explorer


d. Xem ni dung ca trang Web
xem ni dung mt trang Web, bn c th thc hin theo mt trong cc cch sau:
Nhp a ch ca trang Web vo thanh a ch.
Click vo hp k th ca thanh a ch chn trang Web thng hay xem.
Vo menu Favorites ri chn tn trang Web cn xem (nu a ch trang Web
c lu li).
Vo menu File/ Open ri nhp a ch vo hp vn bn Open.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 201

Chng 24: INTERNET V DCH V WORLD WIDE WEB

Hnh 24.5: Lin kt trong cc trang Web


Nu trang Web ang xem c cha nhng lin kt n cc trang Web khc, Click
chut vo cc lin kt chuyn n trang mi. Click vo nt Back tr v trang Web
trc .
Thng thng cc lin kt trong trang Web c gch di hoc s dng mu khc
vi mu ca vn bn. Khi a con tr chut n cc lin kt, con tr chut s i hnh
dng thnh hnh bn tay. Lc ny thanh trng thi s hin ln a ch ca lin kt.
Nu mun xem ni dung ca trang Web lin kt ng thi vn gi nguyn trang Web
hin hnh, nhn chut phi vo lin kt, chn Open in New Window.

24.4.3. Lm vic vi cc trang Web


a. Lu ni dung trang Web
Chc nng ny cho php ta lu ni dung ca cc trang Web trn my cc b, sau
ta c th xem ni dung ca cc trang ny m khng cn phi c kt ni Internet.

 Cch thc hin:


Truy cp n trang Web cn lu ni dung.
Chn File/ Save As, xut hin hp hi thoi:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn


Hnh 24.6: Lu ni dung trang Web

Trang 202

Chng 24: INTERNET V DCH V WORLD WIDE WEB

Save in: chn v tr s lu trang Web


File name: nhp tn cho trang Web.
Save as type: chn nh dng mun lu, mc nhin l dng trang Web.
Encoding: chun dng gii m ni dung.
Click Save lu, Click Cancel b lu.
b. Lu cc a ch thng dng
Chc nng ny cho php lu a ch ca cc trang Web thng s dng, bn truy cp
cc trang ny nhanh hn v cng khng cn thit phi nh chnh xc a ch ca n.

 Cch thc hin:


Truy cp n trang Web cn lu a ch.
Vo menu Favorites/ Add to Favorites.
Nhp tn cho a ch mun lu.
Click OK lu li a ch.

Hnh 24.7: Lu cc a ch Web thng dng


c. Ti tp tin t Internet
Chc nng ny cho php ti cc tp tin vn bn, hnh nh, hoc cc chng trnh ng
dng t Internet v my cc b.

 Cch thc hin: Click vo lin kt dng ti thng tin, xut hin hp thoi nh hnh
25.8:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn Hnh 24.8: Ti tp tin t Internet

Trang 203

Chng 24: INTERNET V DCH V WORLD WIDE WEB

Open: m tp tin bng chng trnh ng dng ph hp.


Save: ti tp tin v my cc b.
Cancel: b qua vic ti tp tin.
Ghi ch: nu lin kt tr n mt tp tin vn bn nh Word, Excel, Acrobat, th
khi nhn chut vo lin kt, ng dng tng ng s c thi hnh hin th ni dung ca
vn bn bn trong ca s IE. Trong trng hp ny, nu mun lu tp tin th phi nhn
chut phi, ri chn mc Save Target As
d. In trang Web
Chc nng ny cho php in ni dung ca trang Web ang xem ra my in.

 Cch thc hin:


Chn File/ Print hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + P, xut hin hp hi thoi:

Hnh 24.9: In trang Web


Lp General
Select Printer: chn my in s dng.
Page Range:
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 24: INTERNET V DCH V WORLD WIDE WEB


+ All: in tt c thng tin trong trang Web.
+ Selection: in thng tin trong khi c chn.
+ Current page: in thng tin trong trang hin hnh.
+ Pages: lit k cc trang mun in trong hp vn bn ny.
Number of Copies: s bn in.
Lp Options: nh l, v mt s thng s khc.
Ghi ch: Trong IE 6.0 c thm chc nng Print Preview cho php xem trc cc
trang trc khi in.

24.4.4. Tm kim thng tin


Tm kim thng tin l hot ng ph bin i vi ngi s dng Internet. So vi thng
tin c lu tr trn nhng phng tin khc, thng tin c lu tr trn Internet truy cp
v tm kim d dng hn. Ngoi ra, kt qu tm kim t c nhiu hn so vi vic tm
kim thng tin c lu tr trn cc phng tin khc. y l im mnh nhng i khi
cng l im yu ca Internet v khi tm c qu nhiu thng tin lin quan n thng tin
cn tm, ta phi tn thi gian lc li nhng thng tin ph hp.
Trn Internet c rt nhiu trang Web cung cp cc cng c tm kim (search engine).
Mi cng c tm kim c nhng im mnh v im yu ring. Do khi tm thng tin, ta
nn bt u bng cng c quen thuc nht. Nu kt qu tm kim cha tt, ta c th thc
hin li vic tm kim vi cng c tm kim khc.
a. Cng c tm kim Google
y l cng c tm kim a nng nht, cng c ny c kh nng tm kim trn vi t
trang Web.
Nhp a ch Google.com vo thanh a ch ca IE. Khi np xong, trang ch ca
cng c tm kim Google hin th nh sau:

Hnh 24.10: Cng c tm kim Google

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 24: INTERNET V DCH V WORLD WIDE WEB


Nhp thng tin mun tm vo hp vn bn ri nhn Enter hoc Click vo nt lnh
Google Search. Thng tin tm kim thng l cc t kha (keyword) hoc mt cm t c
trng nht.
Ghi ch:
t du trc t kha yu cu tm kim chnh xc cm t cn tm (lin
kt AND)
Khng nn nhp vo nhng t kha c ni dung tng qut v kt qu tm kim
s rt nhiu, thng tin c tr v s khng gn vi ni dung mun tm.
V d: mun tm ti liu hng dn s dng Word, ta s dng t kha Word
tm th kt qu tr v c th ln n vi triu trang. Trong trng hp ny, ta c th s
dng cm t How to use Word hoc l How to use MS Word 2000 thay v ch dng t
Word, nh th th kt qu tr v s tt hn. Nu kt qu tr v nhiu th nhng trang
Web c cha thng tin gn vi thng tin cn tm nht s c lit k trc, nhng trang t
thng tin hn c lit k sau.
xem kt qu tm kim, nhn chut vo mt trong cc lin kt c lit k ra.
Ngoi ra, ta c th nhn chut phi vo lin kt ri chn Open in New Window, lm nh
th ta vn gi c trang kt qu tm kim.

Hnh 24.11: Kt qu tm kim bng Google


b. Tm kim nng cao vi Google
Trong trng hp mun c kt qu tm kim gn vi thng tin ang tm, ta s dng
chc nng tm kim nng cao ca Google (Advanced Search).

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 24: INTERNET V DCH V WORLD WIDE WEB

Hnh 24.12: Tm kim nng cao vi Google


Find results: t iu kin cho kt qu tm kim:
+ With all of the words: kt qu tm kim phi bao gm tt c cc t cn tm
+ With the exact phase: kt qu tm kim phi c chnh xc cm t cn tm.
+ With at least one of the word: kt qu tm kim phi c t nht mt trong nhng
t cn tm
+ Without the word: kt qu tm kim khng cha nhng t ny
Hin th kt qu tr v: chn s kt qu tr v t hp k th, mc nhin s tr v 10
kt qu nu tm c t 10 trang Web tr ln.
Ngoi ra ta c th t thm iu kin vo nhng ty chn khc nh ngn ng, thi
gian, nh dng,
c. Tm kim vi Vinaseek
Cng c ny cho php tm kim thng tin bng ting Vit rt hiu qu. Mt trong
nhng im mnh ca cng c ny l n c kh nng tm kim thng tin trong cc vn bn
vi nhiu chun Font ch khc nhau. Nu my tnh ca ngi dng khng c b g ting
Vit, ngi dng vn c th g ting Vit bng cch bt b g ting Vit ca cng c ny.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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Chng 24: INTERNET V DCH V WORLD WIDE WEB

Hnh 24.13: Tm kim vi Vinaseek


d. Cc cng c tm kim khc
Danh sch cc cng c tm kim thng dng:
www.msn.com

trang Web ca hng Microsoft.

www.yahoo.com

trang Web ca hng Yahoo.

www.lycos.com

trang Web ca hng Lycos.

www.alltheweb.com

trang Web ca hng Fast Search

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 208

Chng 25: DCH V TH IN T

CHNG 25: DCH V TH IN T


--- oOo --Th in t (Email) l phng tin lin lc v cng tin li trong thi i cng ngh
thng tin ngy nay. S dng Email ta c th trao i thng tin vi bn b, ng nghip trn
ton cu. u im ni bt nht ca vic s dng Email l nhanh, r, mi lc mi ni.
Chng ny s gii thiu vi cc bn v mt s khi nim khi s dng Email, cch
to v s dng Email,

25.1.GII THIU
25.1.1. Nguyn l vn hnh
Mun s dng th in t th ngi dng phi c my tnh ni kt Internet hoc ni
kt vo my ch cung cp dch v Email (Mail Server). Ngoi ra, gi hoc nhn Email
th ngi s dng phi c ti khon Email v danh sch a ch Email ca ngi nhn.

25.1.2. Cu trc mt a ch Email


a ch Email (Email Address) l 1 nh danh trn Internet cho php ngi s dng
Internet nhn bit c chnh xc ngi cn lin h, giao dch, trao i thng tin v ra lnh
gi cc thng ip, ti liu, hnh nh (Email message) ti nh danh ny.
Cu trc mt a ch Email: <Tn ti khon>@<Tn min>
- Tn min: tn ca my tnh lm Server lu v qun l a ch Email ny.
- Tn ti khon: tn c ng k, phn bit vi cc a ch Email khc c
cng tn min.
V d: info@yahoo.com; surport@ctu.edu.vn; webmaster@ctu.edu.vn;

25.1.3. Cu trc mt Email

Header

Date:
From:
To:
Cc:
Subject:
Part(s):

Wed, 3 Nov 2004 14:48:53 +0700


Nguyen Thanh Tien <nttien@ctu.edu.vn>
phchon@ctu.edu.vn
lttung@ctu.edu.vn, dnquy@ctu.edu.vn
Hop le Doan Thang 11/ 2004
2 ThumoiHL.doc application/msword 34.21 KB

Knh gi: Cc bn on vin Khoa Khoa hc.


Body

Thng bo v vic hp l on thng 11/ 2004 trong File nh km.


BCH Chi on cn b KKH

25.1.4. Webmail
Webmail l h thng cung cp cc dch v Email (nhn, gi, lc Email) thng qua 1
Website no trn mng Internet. Thng thng, y l h thng cung cp a ch Email
min ph. gi v nhn Email, ngi s dng Internet ch c 1 cch duy nht l dng
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 208

Chng 25: DCH V TH IN T


trnh duyt Web truy cp vo a ch Website ca nh cung cp dch v, s dng Account
c cung cp kim tra Email v s dng cc dch v Email thng thng khc.
V d v cc nh cung cp cc dch v Email: www.vol.vnn.vn; www.hotmail.com;
www.mail.yahoo.com; www.webmail.ctu.edu.vn; www.gmail.google.com,

25.2.

Chng trnh Outlook Express

Outlook Express l phn mm qun l Email c ci t sn trong cc my tnh s


dng h iu hnh Windows. Phn mm ny cung cp hu ht cc tnh nng cn thit
ngi dng c th qun l Email mt cch hiu qu.

25.2.1. Cc thnh phn trong Outlook Express


Khi ng Outlook Express: vo menu Start/ Programs/ Outlook Express, ca s
Oulook Express xut hin nh sau:

Hnh 25.1: Ca s Oulook Express


Thanh cng c

Hnh 25.2: Thanh cng c ca Oulook Express


Create Mail : son Email mi.
Reply: tr li Email ang m cho ngi gi.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 209

Chng 25: DCH V TH IN T


Reply All: tr li Email ang m cho tt c cc ngi c trong danh sch ngi
nhn ca Email ang m.
Forward: gi Email nhn c cho nhng ngi khc.
Print: in Email ang m.
Delete: xa Email chn.
Send/Recv: gi/ nhn Email mi t my ch.
Addresses: m danh sch a ch Email.

25.2.2. To mt ti khon mi
Vo menu Tools/ Accounts/ Chn lp Mail

Hnh 25.3: To mt ti khon mi


Click vo nt lnh Add/ Mail to mt ti khon mi vo Outlook, hp thoi
Internet Connection Wizard xut hin nh hnh 26.4:

Hnh 25.4: Nhp h v tn ca bn


Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 210

Chng 25: DCH V TH IN T


Trong Display name, bn in vo h v tn ca bn. Phn ny l tu chn, bn c
th in bt c tn g bn thch nhng ch l tn ny s xut hin phn From khi ngi
nhn c th ca bn.
Click Next, bn s chuyn qua mc khai bo a ch Email ca mnh (Hnh 26.5).
a ch Email c dng: tnsdng@tnmin.com (hoc .net, .org, .vnn.vn, ...).

Hnh 25.5: Nhp a ch Email ca bn


Click Next chuyn qua phn khai bo thng tin server:

Hnh 25.6: Thng tin ca Server Mail

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 211

Chng 25: DCH V TH IN T


Email Server Name: chn POP3.
Incomming mail: a ch hoc s IP ca server POP3.
Outgoing mail: ch hoc s IP ca server SMTP.
Click Next qua phn khai bo ti khon Email:
Account name: tn s
dng m bn c cp.
Thng thng, tn s dng
chnh l a ch Email ca
bn.
Password: mt khu
s dng.
Remember password:
nh mt khu vo my,
nh vy, mi ln check
hay gi mail bn s khng
phi g mt khu (khng
nn chn nu l my dng
chung).
Click Next hin
hp thoi chc mng.
Click Finish hon
thnh.

Hnh 25.7: Khai bo ti khon Email ca bn

Click Properties thay i cc thuc tnh cho ti khon.


Click Close ng hp thoi Internet Accounts.

25.2.3. c Email
Thng thng cc Email nhn c s c lu trong th mc Inbox. Nhn chut
vo th mc Inbox, danh sch Email s xut hin nh hnh sau:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 212

Chng 25: DCH V TH IN T

Hnh 25.8: c Email


From: hin th tn ca ngi gi.
Subject: hin th ch ca Email.
Received: hin th thi gian nhn.
-

Chn mt Email t ca s pha trn, ni dung ca Email s c hin th ca


s bn di.

Nhng Email cha c c s c th hin bng ch in m, bn cnh l biu


tng ca chic phong b ng.

Nhng Email c c ri s c th hin bng ch thng, bn cnh l


biu tng ca chic phong b m.

Nhng Email c biu tng chic kp giy l c tp tin nh km.

Con s bn cnh th mc Inbox l s Email mi cha c.

Du chm than (!) bn cnh Email bo hiu Email khn, cn tr li gp.

25.2.4. To Email mi
Nhn chut vo nt Create Mail trn thanh cng c, xut hin hp hi thoi:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 213

Chng 25: DCH V TH IN T

Ca s son tho Email

Hnh 25.9: To Email mi


To: nhp a ch ca ngi nhn vo hp vn bn ny.
CC: trong trng hp gi cho nhiu ngi, nhp a ch ca nhng ngi ny vo
hp a ch ny, mi a ch cch nhau bi du chm phy. Tt c cc a ch ny s
c hin th trong Email ca tng ngi nhn. Ngi nhn s bit c Email ny
cn c gi ng thi cho nhiu ngi khc na.
BCC: trong trng hp mun gi cho nhiu ngi, nhng bn nhng ngi ny
khng bit c l bn cng gi Email ny cho nhng ngi khc, bn nhp cc
a ch mun n vo khung BCC. Nu khung a ch BCC cha c hin th,
chn View All Headers trn thanh menu ca chng trnh. Cc a ch bn nhp
trong khung To vn c hin th.
Subject: nhp ch Email.
Ca s son tho Email: nhp ni dung vo ca s son tho (khung hnh ch
nht mu trng c kch thc ln nht nm bn di khung Subject).
Click nt Send gi Email.
)

Gi tp tin nh km:

Ngoi ni dung ca Email, ta cn c th gi nh km theo Email mt hoc nhiu


tp tin cho ngi nhn. Click vo nt Attachment, chn tp tin mun gi nh km, ri
Click nt Attach.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 214

Chng 25: DCH V TH IN T

Hnh 25.10: Gi tp tin nh km

25.2.5. Tr li mt Email
Chn Email mun tr li, ri nhn vo nt REPLY trn thanh cng c. a ch ca
ngi gi s c t ng in vo, ton b ni dung ca Email c cng c in vo
trong ca s son tho. Ta c th gi li ni dung ny hoc xa i ty theo tng trng
hp c th.

25.2.6. Xa Email
Chn nhng Email mun xa ri nhn phm Delete hoc nhn nt cng c Delete.
Nhng Email b xa s c lu vo th mc Deleted Items. Do trong trng hp xa
nhm th ta vn cn c hi phc hi.

25.3.S DNG HOTMAIL


MSN Hotmail l h thng Email s dng giao din Web. i vi h thng ny ngi
dng c th s dng bt c my tnh no c ni kt Internet gi v nhn Email.
s dng Hotmail, ngi dng phi ng k ti khon vi dch v Hotmail. Nhp
vo a ch ca Hotmail: www.hotmail.com, trang ch ca Hotmail xut hin nh sau:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 215

Chng 25: DCH V TH IN T

Hnh 25.11: Trang ch ca Hotmail

25.3.1. To ti khon mi trong Hotmail


T trang ch ca Hotmail, Click vo nt New Account Sign Up. in cc thng tin cn
thit vo mu ng k.

Hnh 25.12: Nhp cc thng tin v c nhn

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 216

Chng 25: DCH V TH IN T

Hnh 25.13: Nhp cc thng tin v ti khon ng k


c tha thun iu khon s dng (Term of Use), nhn nt I Agree nu chp
nhn cc iu khon s dng.
Chn thm mt s ty chn (nu mun) v cc bn tin min ph, ri Click
Continue.
Chn thm mt vi ty chn ri nhn Continue to E-mail.

25.3.2. Kim tra Email mi (Check mail)


ng nhp vo trang ch Hotmail, s Email mi s c lit k trong mc Message
Summary bn tri ca trang ch Hotmail.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 217
Hnh 25.14: Check mail

Chng 25: DCH V TH IN T

Click Inbox, v nhn chut vo a ch ngi gi trong ct From c Email.

Hnh 25.15: Danh sch Mail trong hp th

25.3.3. c v tr li Email
Nu s dng ti khon Hotmail min ph, ngi dng ch c th nhn v gi nhng
Email c dung lng ti a l 1MB.
c mt Email, t th mc Inbox hoc th mc bt k, nhn chut vo tn ca
ngi gi trong ct From c Email ca ngi .
Khi m mt Email, ta c th chn thm cc chn la:
+ Save Address(es): thm a ch Email ca ngi gi vo danh sch a ch
Email.
+ Block: ngn nhng Email gi t a ch ny, sau ny khng nhn Email t a
ch ny na.
+ Previous: c Email trc
+ Next: c Email k tip
+ Close: ng ca s Email ang c, tr v danh sch Email.
+ Reply: tr li ngi gi.
+ Reply All: tr li ngi gi v gi cho nhng ngi trong danh sch nh km.
+ Forward: gi ni dung Email nhn c cho ngi khc.
+ Delete: xa Email ang chn.
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 218

Chng 25: DCH V TH IN T


+ Put in Folder: chuyn Email t th mc Inbox sang th mc khc.
+ Printer Friendly Version: th hin ni dung ca Email trong ca s thun tin
cho vic in ni dung.
+ Nu Email c km theo tp tin, nhn chut vo nt Attachment m tp tin
. Sau khi chng trnh dit virus McAfee kim tra virus trn file nh km,
xut hin cc chn la.
9 Nu khng tm thy virus, nhn Download File.
9 Nu tm thy virus nhng c th dit bi McAfee VirusScan, Click Cure
and Download File.
9 Nu virus khng th dit c, file s khng c ti xung. Tr li cho
ngi nhn v yu cu gi li file khng b nhim virus.
Ty thuc vo kiu tp tin, tp tin nh km c th c m trong mt ca s
khc hoc hp hi thoi File Download xut hin.

25.3.4. Xa Email
Xa mt Email ang c: Click nt DELETE pha di ni dung ca Email.
Xa cc Email t mt th mc: chn cc Email mun xa, ri nhn nt DELETE
pha trn cc Email.

25.3.5. Son tho Email mi


Click vo nt Compose, xut hin trang son tho nh sau:

Hnh 25.16: Son tho Email mi


To: nhp a ch ngi nhn vo dng To.
Subject: nhp tiu Email trong dng Subject.
Ca s son tho: nhp ni dung vo textbox bn di.
Send: nhn nt ny gi Email i.
)

Gi tp tin nh km:

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 219

Chng 25: DCH V TH IN T


Ngoi ni dung ca Email, ta cn c th gi nh km theo Email mt hoc nhiu
tp tin cho ngi nhn. Tt c cc tp tin nh km u c kim tra virus, nu pht hin
c virus, tp tin s b t chi khng cho gi.
T trang son tho, Click Add/ Edit Attachments, v thc hin cc bc theo
hng dn.
Chn mc Copy Message to Sent Folder nu mun lu li ni dung Email ny vo
th mc Sent Messages.

25.3.6. Thm a ch Email vo danh sch a ch


C ba cch thc hin nh sau:
+ Khi gi Email cho mt ngi no cha c trong danh sch a ch Email,
chn check box bn cnh a ch Email mun lu li ri Click nt Save .
+ Khi c Email ca ngi gi mi, Click nt Save Address(es) pha trn ca
Email.
+ Trong ca s Contacts, Click nt New Contact.

25.4.S DNG YAHOOMAIL


s dng Yahoomail, ngi dng phi ng k ti khon vi dch v Yahoomail.
Nhp vo a ch ca Yahoomail: www.mail.yahoo.com, trang ch ca Yahoomail xut
hin nh sau:

ng nhp khi
c ti khon

To ti khon mi

Hnh 25.17: Trang ch ca Yahoomail

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 220

Chng 25: DCH V TH IN T


S dng Yahoomail cng tng t nh Hotmail. Nu c sn ti khon, bn c th
ng nhp s dng trong mc Enter your ID and Password, ri Click Sign in. Nu cha
c ti khon, bn c th to ti khon bng cch Click vo Sign Up Now, khi s xut
hin 3 la chn cch to ti khon (c min ph hay khng). s dng dch v mail min
ph, bn Click vo ty chn Free! nh hnh 25.18:
To ti khon
min ph

Hnh 25.18: To ti khon Yahoomail


Sau bn in thng tin c nhn v thng tin v ti khon ca mnh vo mu ng
k. Sau khi ng k thnh cng, bn c th s dng ti khon ng nhp v s dng
dch v Mail ca Yahoo tng t cc dch v ca Hotmail.

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Trang 221

TI LIU THAM KHO

TI LIU THAM KHO


1.

Hong c Hi, Nguyn nh T (2000)


Gio trnh Windows, Word, Excel
Nh xut bn Gio Dc - H Ni

2.

Nhm tc gi Elicom (1999)


Microsoft Office 2000 thng qua hnh nh (Tp 1, 2)
Nh xut bn Thng K

3.

Trn Vn T, Nguyn Ngc Tun, Hong Phng (1999)


Microsoft Office Word 2000 ton tp
Nh xut bn Thng K

4.

Phm Thanh Minh (2000)


Microsoft word 2000 v PowerPoint 2000
i hc Quc gia TP. H Ch Minh

5.

Hong Sn, Quang Huy (2001)


Hng dn t hc Internet v Internet Explorer 6.0
Nh xut bn Thng K

6.

L Hong Phong, Phng Mai (2000)


Cc bi thc hnh Microsoft Word 2000 cho ngi lm vn phng
Nh xut bn Thng K

7.

Thanh Lin Ngn, H Vn T (2005)


Gio trnh Tin hc chng ch A
i hc Cn Th

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Mc lc

MC LC
Phn I: NHNG HIU BIT C BN V TIN HC............................... 1
CHNG 1: THNG TIN V X L THNG TIN ....................................... 1
1.1. THNG TIN ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1. Khi nim v thng tin.................................................................................. 1
1.1.2. n v o thng tin ....................................................................................... 1
1.1.3. S tng qut ca mt qu trnh x l thng tin........................................ 1
1.1.4. X l thng tin bng my tnh in t .......................................................... 2
1.2. BIU DIN THNG TIN TRONG MY TNH IN T.............................. 2
1.2.1. Biu din s trong cc h m ...................................................................... 2
1.2.2. H m thp phn (Decimal system, b=10).................................................. 2
1.2.3. H m nh phn (Binary system, b=2) ........................................................ 3
1.2.4. H m bt phn (Octal system, b=8)........................................................... 4
1.2.5. H m thp lc phn (Hexa-decimal system, b=16) ................................... 4
1.2.6. i mt s nguyn t h thp phn sang h b .............................................. 4
1.2.7. i phn thp phn t h thp phn sang h c s b.................................... 5
1.2.8. Mnh logic................................................................................................ 5
1.2.9. Biu din thng tin trong my tnh in t ................................................... 5
1.3. TIN HC............................................................................................................. 6
1.3.1. Cc lnh vc nghin cu ca tin hc............................................................. 6
1.3.2. ng dng ca tin hc .................................................................................... 6
1.3.3. My tnh in t v lch s pht trin ........................................................... 7

CHNG 2: CU TRC TNG QUT CA MY TNH IN T ...... 10


2.1. PHN CNG (HARDWARE)......................................................................... 10
2.1.1. B nh......................................................................................................... 10
2.1.2. B x l trung ng (CPU)......................................................................... 11
2.1.3. Cc thit b xut/ nhp ................................................................................ 11
2.2. PHN MM (SOFTWARE) ............................................................................ 13
2.2.1. Khi nim phn mm .................................................................................. 13
2.2.2. Phn loi phn mm.................................................................................... 13

CHNG 3: H IU HNH ............................................................................. 14


3.1. KHI NIM V H IU HNH.................................................................. 14
3.2. CC I TNG DO H IU HNH QUN L .................................... 14
3.2.1. Tp tin (File) ............................................................................................... 14
3.2.2. Th mc (Folder/ Directory)....................................................................... 15
3.2.3. a (Drive) ............................................................................................... 15
3.2.4. ng dn (Path)........................................................................................ 15
3.3. GII THIU H IU HNH WINDOWS ................................................... 16
3.3.1. S lc v s pht trin ca Windows........................................................ 16
3.3.2. Khi ng v thot khi Windows XP ....................................................... 16
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Mc lc
3.3.3. Mt vi thut ng thng s dng .............................................................. 17
3.3.4. Gii thiu mn hnh nn (Desktop) ca Windows XP................................ 18
3.3.5. Ca s chng trnh .................................................................................... 19
3.3.6. Hp hi thoi (Dialogue box) ..................................................................... 20
3.3.7. Sao chp d liu trong Windows ................................................................ 21
3.3.8. Cch khi ng v thot khi cc chng trnh.......................................... 21
3.3.9. Menu Documents ........................................................................................ 22
3.3.10. Tm kim d liu ......................................................................................... 23
3.4. THAY I CU HNH MY TNH .............................................................. 25
3.4.1. Ci t v loi b Font ch ......................................................................... 25
3.4.2. Thay i thuc tnh ca mn hnh............................................................... 25
3.4.3. Ci t v loi b chng trnh ................................................................... 26
3.4.4. Cu hnh ngy, gi cho h thng................................................................. 27
3.4.5. Thay i thuc tnh ca bn phm v chut ................................................ 27
3.4.6. Thay i thuc tnh vng (Regional Settings) ............................................ 28
3.5. MY IN ............................................................................................................ 29
3.5.1. Ci t thm my in .................................................................................... 29
3.5.2. Loi b my in ci t ............................................................................ 29
3.5.3. Thit lp my in mc nh .......................................................................... 29
3.5.4. Ca s hng i in (Print Queue)................................................................ 30
3.6. TASKBAR AND START MENU .................................................................... 30

CHNG 4: QUN L D LIU BNG WINDOWS EXPLORER ........ 32


4.1. GII THIU...................................................................................................... 32
4.2. THAO TC VI CC TH MC V TP TIN ........................................... 33
4.2.1. M tp tin/ th mc:.................................................................................... 33
4.2.2. Chn tp tin/ th mc:................................................................................. 34
4.2.3. To th mc ................................................................................................ 34
4.2.4. Sao chp th mc v tp tin ........................................................................ 34
4.2.5. Di chuyn th mc v tp tin ...................................................................... 34
4.2.6. Xo th mc v tp tin ................................................................................ 34
4.2.7. Phc hi th mc v tp tin......................................................................... 34
4.2.8. i tn th mc v tp tin.......................................................................... 35
4.2.9. Thay i thuc tnh tp tin v th mc: ...................................................... 35
4.3. THAO TC VI CC LI TT (SHORTCUTS) .......................................... 35
4.3.1. To li tt trn mn hnh nn ...................................................................... 35
4.3.2. Cc thao tc vi li tt................................................................................. 35
4.4. THAO TC VI A....................................................................................... 36
4.4.1. Sao chp a mm: ...................................................................................... 36
4.4.2. nh dng a .............................................................................................. 36
4.4.3. Hin th thng tin ca a ............................................................................ 36

CHNG 5: S DNG TING VIT TRONG WINDOWS ....................... 37


5.1. GII THIU CC CHNG TRNH H TR TING VIT ...................... 37
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

ii

Mc lc
5.1.1. Vn ting Vit trong Windows............................................................... 37
5.1.2. Font ch v Bng m .................................................................................. 37
5.1.3. Cc kiu g ting Vit................................................................................. 37
5.2. S DNG VIETKEY....................................................................................... 38
5.2.1. Khi ng Vietkey...................................................................................... 38
5.2.2. Cc thao tc c bn ..................................................................................... 38
5.3. S DNG UNIKEY......................................................................................... 39
5.3.1. Khi ng Unikey....................................................................................... 39
5.3.2. Cc thao tc c bn ..................................................................................... 40
5.4. LUYN NH MY VI KP TYPING TUTOR .......................................... 41
5.4.1. Khi ng KP Typing Tutor ....................................................................... 41
5.4.2. Cch t tay trn bn phm ......................................................................... 41
5.4.3. Chn bi tp ................................................................................................ 42
5.4.4. Thay i cc tu chn (Options)................................................................. 42
5.4.5. Tr gip (Help) ........................................................................................... 42

CHNG 6: BO V D LIU V PHNG CHNG VIRUS.................. 43


6.1. BO V D LIU ........................................................................................... 43
6.1.1. Gii thiu .................................................................................................... 43
6.1.2. Nguyn tc bo v....................................................................................... 43
6.2. VIRUS MY TNH V CC BIN PHP PHNG CHNG ...................... 43
6.2.1. Virus my tnh l g?................................................................................... 43
6.2.2. Tnh cht v phn loi Virus ....................................................................... 43
6.2.3. Cc phng php phng v dit Virus........................................................ 44
6.2.4. Chng trnh dit virus BKAV................................................................... 44
6.2.5. Chng trnh dit virus ca McAfee .......................................................... 45

Phn II: SON THO VN BN VI MICROSOFT WORD .............. 48


CHNG 7: GII THIU MICROSOFT WORD .......................................... 48
7.1. GII THIU ..................................................................................................... 48
7.1.1. Cc chc nng ca MicroSoft Word........................................................... 48
7.1.2. Khi ng v thot khi Word.................................................................... 48
7.2. CC THNH PHN C BN TRN MN HNH WORD.......................... 49
7.2.1. Thanh tiu (Title bar) ............................................................................. 49
7.2.2. Thanh lnh n (Menu bar) ........................................................................ 49
7.2.3. Cc thanh cng c (Toolbars) ..................................................................... 50
7.2.4. Thc v n v chia trn thc (Ruler) .................................................... 51
7.2.5. Thanh trng thi (Status bar)....................................................................... 51
7.2.6. Thanh trt ngang (Horizontal scroll bar) v thanh trt ng (Vertical scroll
bar) .............................................................................................................. 51
7.2.7. Vng son tho vn bn v im chn........................................................ 51
7.2.8. Cch chn lnh s dng .............................................................................. 52
7.2.9. H thng tr gip v cch s dng ............................................................. 53
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

iii

Mc lc

CHNG 8: CC THAO TC C BN........................................................... 54


8.1. NHP V HIU CHNH VN BN .............................................................. 54
8.1.1. Chn bng m, Font ting Vit v kiu g.................................................. 54
8.1.2. Cch di chuyn du nhy trong ti liu ....................................................... 54
8.1.3. Cc thnh phn ca vn bn........................................................................ 54
8.1.4. Ch vit chn v vit ......................................................................... 55
8.1.5. Cch nhp vn bn ...................................................................................... 55
8.1.6. Chn k t c bit (Symbol) ..................................................................... 55
8.2. THAO TC TRN TP TIN ........................................................................... 56
8.2.1. M tp tin .................................................................................................... 56
8.2.2. Lu tp tin ................................................................................................... 57
8.2.3. Chn ni dung tp tin t a vo vn bn hin hnh ................................... 57
8.2.4. ng tp tin................................................................................................. 58
8.2.5. t cc tu chn cho tp tin........................................................................ 58
8.3. TRNH BY MN HNH - TRANG IN.......................................................... 59
8.3.1. Trnh by mn hnh (View)......................................................................... 59
8.3.2. Thit lp cc thng s cho trang in (Page Setup)........................................ 60
8.4. KHI VN BN V CC LNH X L KHI .......................................... 62
8.4.1. Chn khi vn bn ...................................................................................... 62
8.4.2. Xa khi vn bn ........................................................................................ 62
8.4.3. Ct (Cut), sao chp (Copy), dn (Paste)...................................................... 63
8.4.4. Thao tc Undo, Redo v Repeat.................................................................. 63
8.4.5. Nhp vn bn t ng ................................................................................. 64
8.4.6. Tm kim v thay th vn bn (Find and Replace) ..................................... 65
8.4.7. Chn cc du ngt ....................................................................................... 66

CHNG 9: NH DNG VN BN ................................................................ 68


9.1. NH DNG K T ....................................................................................... 68
9.2. CHUYN I LOI CH .............................................................................. 69
9.3. NH DNG ON VN BN (PARAGRAPH) ......................................... 70
9.3.1. Mt s khi nim......................................................................................... 70
9.3.2. Canh l on vn bn .................................................................................. 70
9.3.3. To lch cc dng trong on so vi l.................................................. 70
9.3.4. Sao chp nh dng (Format Painter).......................................................... 72
9.4. TO K T DROP CAP ................................................................................. 73
9.5. K NG VIN V T NN CHO ON VN BN ............................ 73
9.6. NH DNG NN VN BN ........................................................................ 76
9.7. NH DU (BULLETS) V NH S TH T (NUMBERING) ........... 77
9.8. VN BN DNG CT (COLUMNS) ............................................................ 79
9.9. S DNG CC TAB ....................................................................................... 80
9.9.1. Xc nh nhng im dng Tab ty bin bng cch s dng thc........... 81
9.9.2. Xc nh nhng im dng Tab ty bin bng hp thoi Tabs .................. 82

CHNG 10: THAO TC TRN CC I TNG HNH ...................... 83


Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

iv

Mc lc
10.1. HNH NH (PICTURE)................................................................................... 83
10.1.1. Chn cc hnh nh ....................................................................................... 83
10.1.2. nh dng v chnh sa cc hnh nh ......................................................... 84
10.2. HP VN BN (TEXT BOX) ........................................................................ 85
10.3. CHN CH NGH THUT (WORDART).................................................... 86
10.4. TO HNH V THEO MU ........................................................................... 87
10.4.1. Thanh cng c v (Drawing toolbar) .......................................................... 87
10.4.2. Chn cc hnh v AutoShape ...................................................................... 88
10.4.3. Lm vic vi cc i tng v.................................................................... 88
10.4.4. S dng menu i tng Draw trn thanh cng c Drawing ..................... 90

CHNG 11: LP BNG - TABLE ................................................................... 92


11.1. GII THIU V CCH TO BNG ............................................................. 92
11.1.1. Gii thiu .................................................................................................... 92
11.1.2. Cch to bng.............................................................................................. 92
11.2. CC THAO TC TRN BNG...................................................................... 93
11.2.1. Di chuyn con tr trong bng................................................................... 93
11.2.2. Nhp vn bn vo bng............................................................................ 93
11.2.3. Chn hng, ct v ................................................................................. 93
11.2.4. Chn hng, ct v .................................................................................. 94
11.2.5. Xa bng, hng, ct v .......................................................................... 94
11.2.6. iu chnh kch c ca cc ................................................................... 95
11.2.7. Di chuyn v iu chnh kch c ca bng .............................................. 96
11.2.8. Ghp v tch ...................................................................................... 96
11.2.9. Tch bng v ghp bng .......................................................................... 97
11.2.10. in s th t cho bng ........................................................................... 97
11.2.11. Sp xp d liu trong Table ..................................................................... 97
11.2.12. Lp li tiu bng trn mi trang .......................................................... 98
11.2.13. Thc hin cc php tnh trong bng......................................................... 98
11.2.14. Cc nh dng c bn trn bng............................................................... 99
11.2.15. Chuyn bng thnh vn bn................................................................... 100
11.2.16. Chuyn vn bn thnh bng................................................................... 100

CHNG 12: TP TIN MU V B NH DNG .................................... 101


12.1. TP TIN MU (TEMPLATE)....................................................................... 101
12.1.1. Khi nim.................................................................................................. 101
12.1.2. To tp tin mu mi .................................................................................. 101
12.1.3. Chnh sa tp tin mu ............................................................................... 101
12.2. B NH DNG (STYLE)............................................................................ 102
12.2.1. Khi nim.................................................................................................. 102
12.2.2. Thao tc trn Style .................................................................................... 103
12.2.3. To bng mc lc...................................................................................... 106

CHNG 13: CC CHC NNG KHC ...................................................... 107


13.1. TRN TH (MAIL MERGE)........................................................................ 107
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

Mc lc
13.2. NHP CC CNG THC ............................................................................ 111
13.3. KIM TRA CHNH T V VN PHM..................................................... 111
13.3.1. Chn ngn ng .......................................................................................... 111
13.3.2. Kim tra chnh t v vn phm ................................................................. 112
13.4. MT S LNH TRONG MENU INSERT.................................................... 112
13.4.1. Chn cc trng d liu ............................................................................ 112
13.4.2. Chn ch thch........................................................................................... 113
13.4.3. Chn cc ch cui trang (Footnote) v cui phn (Endnote) ................. 113
13.4.4. To Bookmark........................................................................................... 115
13.4.5. To tham chiu cho ................................................................................. 115
13.4.6. To nhn cho i tng............................................................................. 116

CHNG 14: NH DNG V IN N TRONG WORD ............................ 117


14.1. NH S TRANG (PAGE NUMBER) ........................................................ 117
14.2. THM TIU (HEADER) V H MC (FOOTER) .............................. 117
14.3. XEM LT V IN TI LIU....................................................................... 119
14.3.1. Xem lt ti liu (Print Preview) .............................................................. 119
14.3.2. In ti liu (Print) ........................................................................................ 120

Phn III: X L BNG TNH VI MICROSOFT EXCEL ................. 121


CHNG 15: GII THIU MICROSOFT EXCEL ..................................... 121
15.1. CC KHI NIM C BN........................................................................... 121
15.1.1. Gi ng dng Microsoft Excel.................................................................. 121
15.1.2. Thot khi Microsoft Excel ...................................................................... 121
15.1.3. Mn hnh ca Microsoft Excel.................................................................. 121
15.2. CU TRC CA MT WORKBOOK ......................................................... 122
15.2.1. Cu trc ca mt Sheet ............................................................................. 122
15.2.2. Mt s thao tc trn Sheet......................................................................... 122
15.3. CCH NHP D LIU ................................................................................. 123
15.3.1. Mt s qui nh chung............................................................................... 123
15.3.2. Cch nhp d liu vo mt ..................................................................... 123
15.4. CC KIU D LIU V CCH NHP ...................................................... 123
15.4.1. D liu kiu s .......................................................................................... 123
15.4.2. D liu kiu chui (Text) .......................................................................... 125
15.4.3. D liu kiu cng thc (Formula)............................................................. 125
15.5. CC LOI A CH V CC THNG BO LI THNG GP ........... 127
15.5.1. Cc loi a ch.......................................................................................... 127
15.5.2. Cc thng bo li thng gp trong Excel................................................ 128

CHNG 16: CC THAO TC C BN ...................................................... 129


16.1. X L TRN VNG..................................................................................... 129
16.1.1. Cc loi vng v cch chn....................................................................... 129
16.1.2. t tn cho vng (Insert/ Name/ Define) .................................................. 130
16.1.3. Xo b d liu (Edit/ Clear)...................................................................... 130
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

vi

Mc lc
16.1.4. Sao chp d liu t ny sang khc v in d liu (Fill).................... 130
16.1.5. Di chuyn d liu...................................................................................... 132
16.2. THAO TC TRN CT V HNG ............................................................. 132
16.2.1. Thm hng, ct hoc mi vo bng tnh. ............................................... 132
16.2.2. Xa hng, ct, hoc ................................................................................ 133
16.2.3. Thay i rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng. ..................................... 133
16.2.4. Lnh Undo, Redo v Repeat ..................................................................... 134
16.3. NH DNG CCH HIN TH D LIU................................................... 134
16.3.1. nh dng hin th d liu s .................................................................... 134
16.3.2. Canh l d liu trong .............................................................................. 136
16.3.3. nh dng k t......................................................................................... 137
16.3.4. K khung cho bng tnh ............................................................................ 138
16.3.5. T mu nn cho bng tnh......................................................................... 138
16.3.6. Sao chp nh dng bng nt Format Painter ........................................... 139
16.4. THAO TC TRN TP TIN ......................................................................... 139
16.4.1. M tp tin.................................................................................................. 139
16.4.2. Lu tp tin................................................................................................. 140
16.4.3. ng tp tin............................................................................................... 140

CHNG 17: MT S HM TRONG EXCEL........................................... 142


17.1. C PHP CHUNG V CCH S DNG ................................................... 142
17.1.1. Xem danh sch cc hm............................................................................ 142
17.1.2. C php chung .......................................................................................... 142
17.1.3. Cch s dng hm..................................................................................... 143
17.2. CC HM THNG DNG........................................................................... 144
17.2.1. Cc hm ton hc (Math & Trig).............................................................. 144
17.2.2. Cc hm thng k (Statistical) .................................................................. 145
17.2.3. Cc hm Logic (Logical) .......................................................................... 145
17.2.4. Cc hm x l chui (Text) ..................................................................... 146
17.2.5. Cc hm ngy v gi (Date & Time) ........................................................ 147
17.2.6. Cc hm tm kim (Lookup & Reference)................................................ 147
17.2.7. Cc hm thng tin (ISfunction)................................................................. 149
17.2.8. V d v cch s dng hm....................................................................... 150

CHNG 18: THAO TC TRN C S D LIU.................................... 153


18.1. KHI NIM V C S D LIU................................................................ 153
18.1.1. Khi nim v c s d liu ....................................................................... 153
18.1.2. Hng tiu (Header row)........................................................................ 154
18.1.3. Vng tiu chun (Criteria range) .............................................................. 154
18.2. TRCH LC D LIU................................................................................... 156
18.2.1. Lc d liu t ng (AutoFilter)............................................................... 156
18.2.2. Lc d liu nng cao (Advanced Filter) ................................................... 157
18.3. CC HM C S D LIU......................................................................... 158
18.4. SP XP D LIU........................................................................................ 159
Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

vii

Mc lc
18.5. TNG HP THEO TNG NHM (SUBTOTALS) ..................................... 160

CHNG 19: TO BIU TRONG EXCEL ............................................ 162


19.1. CC LOI BIU ..................................................................................... 162
19.2. CC THNH PHN CA BIU ........................................................... 163
19.3. CC BC DNG BIU ....................................................................... 163
19.3.1. Chun b d liu cho biu .................................................................... 163
19.3.2. Cc thao tc to biu ............................................................................ 164
19.3.3. Chnh sa biu ...................................................................................... 167
19.3.4. nh dng biu ..................................................................................... 167

CHNG 20: NH DNG V IN N TRONG EXCEL ........................... 170


20.1. NH DNG TRANG IN (PAGE SETUP) ................................................... 170
20.2. XEM TRC KT QU IN (PRINT PREVIEW)........................................ 173
20.3. THC HIN IN (PRINT) ............................................................................... 174

Phn IV: TRNH DIN VI MICROSOFT POWER POINT .............. 175


CHNG 21: GII THIU MICROSOFT POWERPOINT...................... 175
21.1. GII THIU MICROSOFT POWERPOINT ................................................. 175
21.1.1. Khi ng Microsoft PowerPoint ............................................................. 175
21.1.2. Thot khi Microsoft Power Point............................................................ 175
21.2. MN HNH CA POWERPOINT ................................................................ 175
21.2.1. Ca s PowerPoint Startup ....................................................................... 175
21.2.2. Ca s PowerPoint New Slide .................................................................. 176
21.2.3. Ca s chng trnh PowerPoint .............................................................. 176
21.2.4. Cc thao tc trn tp tin............................................................................. 176
21.2.5. Cc ch hin th ca PowerPoint.......................................................... 177
21.3. TO MT BN TRNH DIN...................................................................... 178
21.3.1. To trnh din s dng AutoContent Wizard ............................................ 178
21.3.2. To trnh din s dng Design Template .................................................. 178
21.3.3. To trnh din trng Blank Presentation ................................................... 179

CHNG 22: CP NHT V NH DNG.................................................. 180


22.1. CHNH SA TRONG SLIDE ....................................................................... 180
22.1.1. Lm vic vi vn bn ................................................................................ 180
22.1.2. Thm cc i tng khc vo Slide .......................................................... 181
22.1.3. nh dng cch trnh by ni dung Slide .................................................. 182
22.1.4. nh dng Slide theo mu thit k sn...................................................... 183
22.1.5. Thay i s mu trong Slide ................................................................ 183
22.1.6. Lm vic vi Slide Master ........................................................................ 183
22.2. THAO TC TRN CC SLIDE .................................................................... 186
22.2.1. Thm Slide mi ......................................................................................... 186
22.2.2. Xo b Slide.............................................................................................. 186
22.2.3. Sao chp Slide ........................................................................................... 186
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22.2.4. Sp xp li cc Slide ................................................................................. 187
22.2.5. n cc Slide .............................................................................................. 187
22.3. TO CC HIU NG HOT HNH............................................................ 187
22.3.1. Cc hiu ng hot hnh ............................................................................. 187
22.3.2. To hiu ng hot hnh ............................................................................. 187
22.3.3. Ca s Animation Preview ....................................................................... 189
22.3.4. To hiu ng chuyn tip gia cc Slide .................................................. 189
22.3.5. Thit lp hnh ng cho mt i tng .................................................... 190
22.3.6. To nt hnh ng..................................................................................... 190
22.4. CC GI KHI THIT K MT BN TRNH DIN............................... 191

CHNG 23: LM VIC VI CC TRNH DIN..................................... 192


23.1. THC HIN MT BUI TRNH DIN....................................................... 192
23.1.1. Thit k mt cuc trnh din ..................................................................... 192
23.1.2. Thit k mt phng n trnh din ring .................................................. 193
23.1.3. Thc hin mt bui trnh din................................................................... 193
23.2. IN CC TRANG TRNH DIN..................................................................... 194

Phn V: S DNG DCH V WEB V EMAIL ....................................... 196


CHNG 24: INTERNET V DCH V WORLD WIDE WEB.............. 196
24.1. GII THIU INTERNET............................................................................... 196
24.1.1. Internet bt u nh th no? ............................................................... 196
24.1.2. Thng tin g c cho php a ln Internet? .......................................... 196
24.1.3. Nguyn l hot ng ca Internet ............................................................. 196
24.2. MT S KHI NIM.................................................................................... 197
24.2.1. a ch Internet.......................................................................................... 197
24.2.2. Mt s thnh phn trn Internet ................................................................ 198
24.3. CC DCH V THNG DNG TRN INTERNET.................................... 198
24.3.1. Dch v Telnet (Telephone Internet)......................................................... 198
24.3.2. Dch v th in t (Mail Service) ........................................................... 198
24.3.3. Dch v tin in t (News)........................................................................ 199
24.3.4. Dch v truyn tp tin (FTP: File Transfer Protocol)................................ 199
24.3.5. Dch v Web (World Wide Web WWW).............................................. 199
24.4. TRNH DUYT WEB INTERNET EXPLORER (IE)................................... 199
24.4.1. Khi ng v thot khi Internet Explorer ............................................... 199
24.4.2. Cc thnh phn trong mn hnh Internet Explorer.................................... 200
24.4.3. Lm vic vi cc trang Web ..................................................................... 202
24.4.4. Tm kim thng tin.................................................................................... 204
CHNG 25: DCH V TH IN T ......................................................... 208
25.1. GII THIU ................................................................................................... 208
25.1.1. Nguyn l vn hnh .................................................................................. 208
25.1.2. Cu trc mt a ch Email ....................................................................... 208
25.1.3. Cu trc mt Email ................................................................................... 208
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25.1.4. Webmail .................................................................................................... 208
25.2. CHNG TRNH OUTLOOK EXPRESS .................................................... 209
25.2.1. Cc thnh phn trong Outlook Express..................................................... 209
25.2.2. To mt ti khon mi .............................................................................. 210
25.2.3. c Email.................................................................................................. 212
25.2.4. To Email mi........................................................................................... 213
25.2.5. Tr li mt Email ...................................................................................... 214
25.2.6. Xa Email.................................................................................................. 214
25.3. S DNG HOTMAIL.................................................................................... 215
25.3.1. To ti khon mi trong Hotmail.............................................................. 215
25.3.2. Kim tra Email mi (Check mail)............................................................. 216
25.3.3. c v tr li Email .................................................................................. 217
25.3.4. Xa Email.................................................................................................. 218
25.3.5. Son tho Email mi ................................................................................. 218
25.3.6. Thm a ch Email vo danh sch a ch................................................ 219
25.4. S DNG YAHOOMAIL ............................................................................. 219

Gio trnh Tin hc cn bn

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