PHN I: RAU MM SN XUT HNG HA I.

./ Gii thiu: Rau mm l rau c canh tc bng cc loi ht ging rau thng thng v c thi gian canh tc rt ngn, ch 5 n 7 ngy sau khi gieo l thu hoch. Rau mm c cha nhiu cht khong v cc vitamin B, C, E, Theo cc ti liu khoa hc rau mm c gi tr dinh dng cao gp 5 ln rau thng. Rau mm d trng, khng s dng phn bn, thuc bo v thc vt, trng trong mi trng sch khng c mm bnh v vi sinh vt gy hi Rau mm ph hp vi sn xut nng nghip th, c th trng c quanh nm, va gii quyt lao ng nng nhn va mang li hiu qu kinh t cao. II./ Dng c v vt liu trng rau mm: 1./ Ging: C th trng rau mm bng nhiu loi ht ging rau khc nhau nh: C ci trng, ci ngt, ci xanh, rau mung, ht m en, cc loi u xanh, u nnh, u en, u phng . Nhng ph bin nht hin nay l C ci trng do d trng v d tiu th.

Ht ging trng rau mm (C ci trng) 2./ Khay: C th s dng nhiu loi vt liu khc nhau ty iu kin sn c ca mi gia nh nh khay tre, khay nha, khay xp Loi khay s dng tin li nht l khay xp (loi khay xp dng ng tri cy c mua t cc va bn tri cy). Khay xp c nhiu kch thc khc nhau nhng ph bin nht l khay c kch thc 40 x 50 x 7cm.

Khay xp 40x45x70cm

3./ K: Ty theo kch thc khay m ng k c kch thc cho ph hp. C th ng k bng g hoc k st (loi st c l (3cm x 5cm) tin cho vic lp rp), nn thit k k c 4 tng, khong cch gia cc tng l 40 cm, chiu su ca k l 40 cm va t khay rau mm, khong cch gia tng u tin v mt t l 25 - 30 cm hn ch nhng sinh vt nh: cc, chut, kin vo khay.

K g v k st 4./ t trng (gi th): L loi t sch hu c sinh hc, c sn xut t x da, c dinh dng nn trong qu trnh trng khng cn b sung bt k mt loi phn bn no khc. Hin ti c 2 loi gi th trng rau mm ph bin l: t sch hu c sinh hc ca Cty TNHH da MeKong v Dasa hu c sinh hc ca Cty t Sch.

Gi th trng rau mm, bnh xt dng ti 5./ Khn giy: Dng lt trn b mt gi th trc khi gieo ht, mc ch ca vic lt giy trn mt gi th trc khi gieo khi thu hoch rau mm s khng b dnh gi th vo rau. Dng loi khn giy "Khn n cao cp 2 lp Pulppy" kch thc 33cm x 33cm. Ngoi vic dng khn giy lt trn b mt gi th, khn giy cn dng lt vo hp thnh phm ng rau mm.

Khn giy 6./ Ba giy Carton: Dng y khay trong 1-2 ngy u mi gieo ht. PHN II: PHT TRIN TRNG RAU MM TRONG CNG NG DN C

nhiu quc gia trn th gii, nht l cc nc pht trin ni m rau qu c by bn khp cc siu th v cc ch u t tiu chun an ton thc phm, th nhng nhiu ngi dn vn yu thch t trng rau trong gia nh dng nht l rau mm. Ti sao nh vy? Bi v: - Trng rau mm tht n gin, tht d lm: vi thi gian vn vn c 5-7 ngy, vi lng ht ging 30-40g thu c 400-450g rau sch. - Trng rau mm khng cn khng gian rng ln: ch mt gc balcon hoc sn thng, mt b ca s nh trong bp, hng hin trc nh cng cho cy mm ln nhanh trng thy. - Ch c trng rau mm ti nh mi c c s ti nguyn ca cng rau va ct, mi gn gi gi dinh dng cao nht ca rau mm. - Trng rau mm s mang n s th gin tuyt vi cho bn sau nhng gi lm vic cng thng, ngi ta gi l chng stress bng liu php lm vn. - V cui cng l c nh cng vui vi nhng mn n ngon ming t rau mm b dng sn phm do chnh mnh trng c. S cng hng tt c nhng l do trn nn vic t trng rau mm trong cng ng dn c l mt nhu cu thc s. Dch v cung cp vt t v k thut trng rau mm rt phong ph, a dng v ngy cng hon thin sao cho mi ngi mun trng rau mm u c th thc hin thnh cng mt cch d dng trong gia nh. nc ta trc y cha c dch v ny, mi ngi cng cha bit trng v cha bit s dng rau mm. Ngy nay, cc dch v ny ang dn dn hnh thnh v pht trin p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng ca cng ng c bit cc th ln, s lan dn n cc thnh ph, th trn v mi gia nh. 1. c im ca vt t, k thut trng rau mm trong gia nh * Ht ging: + Khng cn s lng nhiu cho mi ln trng. + Ht ging khng x l thuc ho hc. + Cng lc c th trng nhiu loi rau mm a thch. + Trng thng xuyn chng loi rau mm theo nhu cu dinh dng phng v tr bnh.

+ Cc loi ht ging trng rau mm ph bin nc ngoi nh: alfalfa, cress, leek, hnh, u cc loi, c ci cc loi, bng ci xanh, la mch + Cc loi ht ging khc c th trng rau mm: m en, u phng, rau mung, rau dn, cc loi ci * Dng c trng: + C th s dng nhiu loi vt liu khc nhau, tn dng nhng th sn c trong gia nh nh r nha mi kch c v hnh dng khc nhau, hoc khay nha, khay xp. Cn lu lun sch v p c th va trng va trang tr. + Gi khay hoc r trng rau mm cng rt a dng, ty vo v tr khng gian ca mi nh: nh gi treo, k xoay trn, k nhiu tng. Cn lu s thong mt, cao ro, sng sa. * Gi th trng: + Qua nhiu th nghim khoa hc gi th i t bi x da c x l l tt nht do c tnh u vit ca n. Sn phm c gi l gi th Ginut chuyn trng rau mm. + Lng s dng rt t cho mi ln trng v c th ti s dng nhiu ln theo ch dn phn tip theo. + Nu ly khay xp (40cm x 50cm x 7cm) lm nh mc th cn 2kg gi th Ginut v 30-40g ht ging l . Nh vy: T trng rau mm trong gia nh dng khng cn qu dy, khng cn ngm ht v ht, m gieo trc tip, thao tc trng v chm sc rt n gin. Mm ht sinh trng mnh khng su bnh, thn mm v l mm ln, di 10-12cm, sau 6-7 ngy trng thu c 400-450g. 2. Thao tc trng v chm sc: - Cho gi th Ginut vo dng c trng, ti m u bng nc sch. - Ly mt t gi th m ra khi dng c trng, dnh ph ln mt ht sau khi gieo. - To b mt gi th cho bng phng. - Gieo ht ging bng tay u ln b mt gi th. - Ph ln ht ging mt lp mng gi th m. Ti phun nh mt ln na. Dng mt tm ba cng y b mt khay trong 2 ngy. - Sau 2-3 ngy ht ny mm u, chuyn khay ra ni c nhiu nh sng hoc nng nh, trnh ma trc tip. - Ti nc mi ngy bng bnh phun, ti phun sng u trn mt khay. Lu : Do thi gian sinh trng rt ngn ca rau mm v gi th trng c chun b tt nn trong qu trnh chm sc chng ta ch cn phun nc m m khng cn phi b sung bt k ngun dinh dng no khc. Cy mm ln nhanh trng thy. 3. Thu hoch: - Dng dao bn ct st gc cy rau mm (hoc nh rau ln khi mt t, dng ko ct b r). Ra li bng nc sch v s dng c ngay. - C th bo qun trong t lnh 3-5 ngy. 4. Trng t khc: - Gi th trng c th ti s dng bng cch xi ln, nht ht phn r cn li, cho thm gi th b sung vo y dng c trng. - Hoc thay ton b bng gi th Ginut mi v tip tc trng t rau mm

mi. - Gi th qua nhiu t trng s dng trng cc loi rau hoc cc loi hoa king khc, ch cn b sung thm phn bn hu c TIPA. 5. Cch s dng rau mm - Lm rau ghm ring bit, hoc trn chung vi rau thm, x lch, da chut, c rt. - n sng vi tt c cc mn n. - Nu canh thay x lch xoong. 6. Gi vt t: - Ln u: 10.000 15.000 ng/trn gi/ cho 1.500cm2, thu c 400450g rau mm. - Cc ln k tip: 7.000 8.000/1 ln trng/ cho 1.500cm2. III./ Thao tc trng v chm sc: 3.1/ Ngm - ht ging: Ht ging phi c ngm trc khi gieo, ngm trong nc m thi gian t 6 - 8 gi, sau trong khn m t 10 - 12 gi. Mc ch ca vic ngm ht ging: + Rt ngn thi gian sinh trng. + Loi b tp cht, ht lp cn ln trong ht ging. + T l ny mm cao v ng u.

Ht ging ngm nc 2 gi chun b em 3.2/ Gieo ht: Chun b khay trng: Cho vo khay mt lp gi th 3 - 4 cm, dng tay v nt nhng cc ln cn trong gi th, ph nh cho bng phng, ti nc cho t gi th. Lt ln b mt khay lp khn giy mng rau khng b d trong qu trnh thu hoch.

Khay cha gi th dy 2 -3 cm (chun b gieo ht ging trng)

- Gieo ht ging ngm - nt nanh vo khay chun b sn bng cc bc trn. Ty theo ging m lng ging cn dng khc nhau nh: C ci trng: 60 - 80g/khay 40x50cm; u xanh: 60 - 80g/khay 40x50cm.

Khay rau mm 1 ngy tui - Sau khi gieo ti phun sng nh v dy kn khay li bng giy carton. Hoc cht chng cc khay ln nhau nhm mc ch gi m gim s bc hi nc, kch thch s ny mm nhanh hn.

 rau mm trong 2 ngy u sau khi gieo ging - Khong 12 - 18 gi sau gi giy y ra ti phun sng mt khay t 1 - 2 ln/ngy, khng ti vo bui chiu.

Khay rau mm 2 ngy tui

Khay rau mm 3 ngy tui

Khay rau mm 4 ngy tui

Khay rau mm 5 ngy tui (chun b thu hoch)

- Thu hoch: Sau 5 n 7 ngy trng, rau mm cao 8 - 12cm l thu hoch. Cch thu hoch: Dng ko hoc dao (Loi dao dng rc giy) ct st b mt gi th xp ngay ngn vo hp nha trong (Loi hp ng c 200g) a i tiu th hoc bo qun trong t lnh.

Thu hoch rau mm

Hp rau mm thnh phm Lu : rau sau khi thu hoch khng c ra, khng bo qun trong ngn t lnh. - Trng t mi: Sau khi thu hoch gi th c th ti s dng trng li ln 2 bng cch xi ln, lm sch phn thn, r b sung thm gi th mi vo cho lng cn dng. Khng nn ti s dng nhiu ln d pht sinh mm

bnh cc ln sau. Gi th sau khi trng rau mm c s dng cho cy king v cc loi cy trng khc.

M hnh trng rau mm Mt s iu cn lu : - Rau mm phi trng ni thong mt c nhiu nh sng nhng khng trng ni c nh nng, ma trc tip v gi la. - 1 n 2 ngy sau khi gieo gi giy Carton ra, ti phun sng nh va t mt khay. Nn ti vo bui sng khng ti vo bui chiu v ti v d nc rau d b ng, ng (Ng rt kh thu hoch, tn nhiu cng lao ng) - 1 ngy trc khi thu hoch gim ti hoc ngng ti hn ty theo mc m ca gi th - Do thi gian thu hoch ngn v gi th trng c y dinh dng nn trong qu trnh chm sc rau mm ch cn ti nc va cho cy m khng cn phi bn b sung bt k ngun dinh dng (phn bn) no khc. - Nn s dng ging tt (Ht ng u, t l ny mm cao, khng c ln ht lp v tp cht, sch bnh) trng. Ging cht lng km d b bnh thi nhn. Nu b bnh phi hy b, ra sch khay em phi kh cch ly mm bnh. Khng c s dng thuc tr su ha hc phun v khng m bo thi gian cch ly, nh hng n sc khe ngi tiu dng rau. Ngun:http://www.khuyennongtphcm.com/?mnu=3&s=600029&id=1105