Tr

ng

i h c Bch khoa tp. H Ch Minh B mn Ton ng d ng Gi i tch hm nhi u bi n

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Ch

ng 4: Tch phn b i ba

Gi ng vin Ts.

ng V n Vinh (4/2008)

dangvvinh@hcmut.edu.vn

N i dung
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0.1

nh ngh a, cch tnh tch phn b i ba tr c u

0.2 T a 0.3 T a 0.4 0.5

ng d ng hnh h c ng d ng c h c

I.

nh ngh a, cch tnh tch phn b i ba

nh trn v t th ng, b ch n E

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f ! f ( x , y , z ) xc

Chia E m t cch ty ra thnh n kh i nh : E1 , E2 ,..., En . Th tch t ng ng m i kh i V ( E1 ),V ( E2 ),...,V ( En ).

Trn m i kh i Ei l y tu m t i m M i ( xi , yi , zi ). L p t ng Riemann: I n ! f ( M i ) V ( Ei )
i !1 n

I ! lim I n , khng ph thu c cch chia E, v cch l y i m

npg

I ! f ( x, y , z )dxdydz
E

c g i l tch phn b i ba c a f=f(x,y,z) trn kh i E.

I.

nh ngh a, cch tnh tch phn kp

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Tnh ch t c a tch phn b i ba

1) Hm lin t c trn m t kh i ng, b ch n, c bin l m t tr n tng khc th kh tch trn mi n ny. 2)

E

! dxdydz
E

3) E f ( x, y , z )dxdydz !E f ( x, y, z ) dxdydz
E E

4) ( f  g )dxdydz ! f dxdydz  gdxdydz

E E E

5) N u E
E

c chia lm hai kh i E1 v E2 khng d m ln nhau: fdxdydz ! fdxdydz  fdxdydz

E1 E2

6) ( x, y, z ) E , f ( x, y, z ) e g ( x, y, z ) f e g
E E

nh l (Fubini) Phn tch kh i E: M t pha d i:

I ! f ( x, y , z )dxdydz
E

z ! z 2 ( x, y )

Ch n m t chi u l x0y.
z ! z1 ( x, y ) z ! z 2 ( x, y )

M t pha trn:

Hnh chi u: Pr0 xy E ! z ! z1 ( x, y ) I ! f ( x, y , z )dxdydz

E

z2 ( x , y ) ! f ( x, y, z ) dz dxdy D z1 ( x , y )

Hnh chi u: D

V d Tnh tch phn b i ba I ! ( x  z )dxdydz trong E l v t th gi i h n b i

E

x 2  y 2 ! 1, z ! 2  x 2  y 2 , z ! 0 Hnh chi u c a E xu ng 0xy: D : x2  y2 e 1 M t pha trn: z2 ( x, y ) ! 2  x 2  y 2 M t pha d i: z ! 0

2 x 2  y 2 I ! ( x  z )dz dxdy x2  y 2 1 0

 z2 I ! xz  2 x 2  y 2 e1 0

2 x 2  y 2

dxdy

(2  x 2  y 2 )2 I ! x (2  x 2  y 2 )  dxdy 2 x 2  y 2 e1 (2  x 2  y 2 )2 I ! dxdy 2 x 2  y 2 e1

i sang t a

c c.

I ! dN
0

2T

2  r r dr
2 2

7T 6

V d Tnh tch phn b i ba I ! zdxdydz

E

trong E l v t th gi i h n b i , (ph n z u 0 )

y ! 1  x, z ! 1  x 2 v cc m t ph ng t a Hnh chi u c a E xu ng 0xy: Tam gic OAB M t pha trn: z2 ( x, y ) ! 1  x 2 M t pha d i: z ! 0

1 x 2 I ! zdz dxdy (OAB 0 A

1 x2 I ! zdz dxdy (OAB 0 2 1 x 2 z dxdy I ! (OAB 2 0

I !
(OAB

1  x dxdy
2 2

I ! dx
0

1 x 0

1  x dy
2 2

11 60

V d Tnh tch phn I ! (2 x  3 y )dxdydz

E

trong E l v t th gi i h n b i

y ! x , z ! 1  y, x ! 0, z ! 0. M t pha trn: M t pha d z ! 1 y

i: z ! 0

Hnh chi u c a E xu ng 0xy:

1 y I ! 2 x  3 y dz dxdy D 0
1 y I ! (2 x  3 y ) z 0 dxdy D

I ! 2 x  3 y (1  y ) dxdy
D 1 1 x

I ! dx
0

2 x  3 y (1  y ) dy

I!

11 60

V d Tnh tch phn I ! ( z  1) dxdydz

E

trong E l v t th gi i h n b i

x ! y 2 , z ! x, z ! 0, x ! 1. M t pha trn: M t pha d z!x

i: z ! 0

Hnh chi u c a E xu ng 0xy:

x I ! ( z  1)dz dxdy D 0
x 2 z  z dxdy I ! D 2 0

x2 I !  x dxdy D 2 x2 I ! dy  x dx 1 y2 2
1 1

I!

38 35

II. To

tr
0xyz. (r ,N , z )

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i m M(x,y,z) trong h tr c t a z M c xc nh duy nh t b i b c g i l t a

(r ,N , z )

tr c a i m M. Decasters sang

M ( x, y , z ) y

Cng th c t a tr :

i bi n t t a x ! r cos N y ! r sin N z!z

' xr ' xN ' yN ' zN ' xz ' J ! yr ' zr

z y
N

r yM1 ( x, y,0)

' yz ! r ' zz

i bi n sang t a

tr .

I ! f ( x, y , z )dxdydz
E

x ! r cos N y ! r sin N z!z z ! z2 ( r , N )

M t pha d

i: z ! z1 ( r , N )

M t pha trn: z ! z2 ( r , N ) Hnh chi u: D Xc nh c n r , N c a D: N 1 e N e N 2 D: r1 e r e r2

N2 N1 r2 r1 z2 ( r ,N ) z1 ( r ,N )

z ! z1 ( r , N )

I ! dN dr

f (r cos N ,r sin N , z ) r dz

V d Tnh tch phn I ! x 2  y 2 dxdydz

E

trong E l v t th gi i h n b i

z ! 4, z ! 1  x 2  y 2 , x 2  y 2 ! 1. M t pha trn: z ! 4 M t pha d i: z ! 1 r2

Hnh chi u xu ng 0xy: D : x 2  y 2 1 0 e N e 2T D: 0 e r e 1 I ! dN dr r r dz

0 0 1 r 2 2T 1 4

r 2 z 4 ! 2T dN 1 r 2 (3  r 2 ) dr 12T I ! dN dr ! 1r 2 0 0 0 0 5

2T

V d Tnh tch phn I ! zdxdydz

E 2

trong E l v t th gi i h n b i

z ! x  y 2 , z ! 2  x 2  y 2 , x2  y 2 ! 1. M t pha trn: z ! 2  r 2 M t pha d i: z ! r 2

Hnh chi u c a E xu ng 0xy: D : x2  y 2 e 1 C n c a D: 0 e N e 2T D: 0 e r e 1

I ! dN dr z r dz
0 0 r
2

2T

2 r

z ! dN r 0 0 2

2T

2 r 2 2

dr
r2

! 3T

V d Tnh tch phn I ! x 2  z 2 dxdydz

E

trong E: 2 y ! x 2  z 2 , y ! 2.

Chi u xu ng x0z M t trn: y ! 2 M td r2 i: y ! 2 y

Hnh chi u: D : x 2  z 2 e 4 I ! dN dr r 2 r dy
0 0 r2 / 2 2T 2 2

II. To

c u
0xyz.

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i m M(x,y,z) trong h tr c t a z M c xc

nh duy nh t b i b (U ,N , V ) c g i l t a c u c a i m M. c u:

M ( x, y , z ) y(U , N , V )
U

Cng th c

i bi n sang t a x ! V sin cos N y ! V sin sin N z ! V cos

' xV ' xN ' yN ' zN ' xU

V
z ! V cosU
y

r ! V sin U x

yM1(x, y,0)

' J ! yV ' zV

' yU | J |! V 2 sin ' zU

II. To
Gi s trong t a c u, v t th E

c u
c gi i h n b i:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

U 1 e U e U2 N1 e N e N2 eVeV V 2 1 I ! f ( x, y , z )dxdydz
E

! dU dN f ( V sin U cos N , V sin U sin N , V cos U ) V 2 sin U d V

U1 N1 V1

U2

N2

V2

Ch :

0 eU eT 0 e N e 2T or  T e N e T 0 V g

V d Tnh tch phn I ! x 2  y 2  z 2 dxdydz

E

trong E l v t th gi i h n b i

z u x 2  y 2 , x 2  y 2  z 2 e z. x ! V sin U cos N c u: ! V sin U sin N y z ! V cos U

i sang t a

Xc

nh c n: 0 e U e T 4 0 e N e 2T

0 e V e cosU
1 2 I ! dU dN V V sin U d V !  T 0 0 0 10 80
T /4 2T cos U 2

V d Tnh tch phn I ! zdxdydz trong E l v t th gi i h n b i

E

z e  x 2  y 2 , x 2  y 2  z 2 ! 1. z i sang t a x ! V sin U cos N c u: y ! V sin U sin N z ! V cos U 3T eU eT 4 0 e N e 2T 0 e V e1 I ! dU dN V cos U V 2 sin U d V ! 

3T / 4 0 0 T 2T 1

Xc

nh c n:

y x

T 8

V d Tnh tch phn I ! ( y  z )dxdydz

E

trong E l v t th gi i h n b i

z ! 0, x 2  y 2  z 2 ! 2 y ( z e 0) x ! V sin U cos N c u: y ! V sin U sin N z ! V cos U x nh c n: T e U e T 2 0 eN eT 0 e V e 2sin U sin N I ! dU d N

T /2 0 T T 2sin U sin N 0

z y

i sang t a

Xc

( V sin U sin N +V cos U ) V 2 sin U d V

Cch 2. i sang t a c u m r ng G ct a x ! V sin U cos N y  1 ! V sin U sin N z ! V cos U Xc nh c n: T eU eT 2 d iv y z

0 e N e 2T
0 e V e1

I ! dU dN (1  V sin U sin N +V cos U ) V 2 sin U d V

T /2 0 0

2T

V d Tnh tch phn I ! e ( x 2  y 2  z 2 )3/ 2 dxdydz trong E l v t th gi i h n b i

E

y ! 0, x 2  y 2  z 2 ! 1 ( y e 0) z

i sang t a

x ! V sin U cos N c u: y ! V sin U sin N z ! V cos U

Xc

nh c n: 0 e U e T

T e N e 2T 0 e V e1
I ! dU d N e
0 T 0 T 2T 1 V3

y x e 1 3

V 2 sin U d V ! 2T

V d Tnh tch phn I ! zdxdydz

E

trong E l v t th gi i h n b i

z ! 1, x 2  y 2  z 2 ! 2 z ( z e 1) x ! V sin U cos N c u: y ! V sin U sin N z ! V cos U T 0 eU e 2 0 e N e 2T 0e V e ? Ph i chia kh i E ra lm 2 kh i. Cng vi c tnh ton r t ph c t p.

i sang t a

Xc

nh c n:

i sang t a

c u m r ng x ! V sin U cos N y ! V sin U sin N z  1 ! V cosU

G ct a

d iv

Xc

nh c n:

T eU eT 2 0 e N e 2T 0 e V e1

I ! dU dN (1  V cos U ) V 2 sin U d V
T /2 0 0

2T

V d Tnh tch phn I !

E

1 x y
2 2

dxdydz trong E l v t th gi i h n b i

z ! 0, x 2  y 2  z 2 ! 4, x 2  y 2 e 1 ( z u 0) S d ng t a c u cng vi c tnh ton ph c t p h n nhi u. x ! r cos N i sang t a tr : y ! r sin N z!z Xc nh c n: 0 e N e 2T 0 e r e1

0 e z e 4  r2

I ! dN dr
0 0

2T

4 r 2 0

r dz r

V d i sang t a c u r i tnh I ! dx
2 0 0 0

 4 x 2

dy

 4 x 2  y 2

xdz y x

Xc

nh v t th E:

V kh i E

2 e x e 0 2  4 x e y e0  4  x2  y2 e z e 0

i bi n sang t a x ! V sin U cos N y ! V sin U sin N z ! V cos U Xc nh c n:

c u:

y x

T eU eT 2 3T T eN e 2 0e V e2
2

I ! dU dN V sin U cos N V 2 sin U d V

T /2 T T 2 0 3T / 2 1 T 2 I ! sin U dU cos N dN V V d V ! sin U dU cos N dN 4 T /2 T /2 T 0 T 2 3T / 2 2

3T / 2

I ! T

V d i sang t a tr r i tnh
I ! dx
0 2 2 x x2 0

dy z x 2  y 2 dz
0

Xc

nh v t th E:

V kh i E

0e xe2 2 0 e y e 2 x  x 0e ze4 y y x

i bi n sang t a x ! r cos N y ! r sin N z!z Xc nh c n:

tr :

0 eN e

T 2 y

0 e r e 2cos N
0e ze4 I ! dN dr z r r dz
0 0 0 T /2 2cos N 4

z I ! dN r dr 2 0 0
2

T /2

2cos N

I!

128 9

III.
T

ng d ng hnh h c c a tch phn b i ba

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

nh ngh a tch phn b i ba ta c cng th c tnh th tch v t th E:

! 1dxdydz
E

C th s d ng tch phn kp Tuy nhin trong m t s tr v tch phn b i ba c cch

tnh th tch v t th .

ng h p s d ng tch phn b i ba tnh nhanh h n, i sang t a tr ho c t a c u.

V d Tnh th tch v t th E c gi i h n b i

x 2  y 2  z 2 ! 1; x 2  y 2  z 2 ! 4, z u x 2  y 2

! dxdydz
E

T 0 eU e 4 c u 0 e N e 2T

S d ng t a

1e V e 2
V ! dU dN V 2 sin U d V
0 0 1 T /4 2T 2

14 7 2 V! T T 3 3 S d ng tch phn kp, tnh ton r t ph c t p!!

V d Tnh th tch v t th E ! dxdydz

E

c gi i h n b i x 2  y 2 ! 2 x; x  z ! 3, x  z ! 3 z

S d ng t a T T eN e 2 2

tr

x ! r cos N y ! r sin N z!z

0 e r e 2cos N r cos N  3 e z e 3  r cos N

V ! dN dr
T / 2 0 T /2 2 cosN 3 r cos N r cos N 3

y r dz

V ! 4T

V d Tnh th tch v t th E V ! dxdydz

E

c gi i h n b i x 2  y 2  z 2 ! 4; x 2  y 2  z 2 ! 4 z z

S d ng t a 0 e N e 2T
0ere 3

tr

2  4  r2 e z e 4  r2 V ! dN dr
0 0 2T 3 4 r 2

2 4 r 2

r dz

x c u tnh ph c t p h n nhi u.

V!

10T 3

S d ng t a

V d Tnh th tch v t th E c gi i h n b i
y ! x 2 , y  z ! 1, z ! 0.

1 y 1 1 1 y V ! dxdydz ! dz dxdy ! dx dy dz 0 1 Parabol 0 x2 E

Bi t p

Bi t p