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T Quc Khnh - T Ton - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh

T bi ton n gin khng gii phng trnh tnh tng v


tch 2 nghim ca phng trnh bc 2 , hc sinh c phng tin
l h thc Vi - t tnh ton . H thc cn gip hc sinh xt
du 2 nghim ca phng trnh m khong bit c th mi
nghim l bao nhiu .
Gii v bin lun phng trnh bc 2 c cha tham s l loi
ton kh . Tip tc bi ton ny thng km theo yu cu tnh gi
tr biu thc , quan h gia 2 nghim , cc php tnh trn 2
nghim ... ca phng trnh. Vic tnh mi nghim ca phng
trnh theo cng thc nghim l v cng kh khn v phng
trnh ang cha tham s . Trong trng hp h thc Vi - t l
1 phng tin hiu qu gip hc sinh gii loi ton ny .
Cc bi ton cn p dng h thc Vi t a dng c mt trong
nhiu k thi quan trng nh thi hc k 2, thi tuyn sinh vo lp 10 ,
thi vo cc trng chuyn lp chn ...Trong bi vit ny , ti hy
vng ng gp thm 1 s kinh nghim hng dn hc sinh lm
quen v tin ti gii tt cc bi cn p dng h thc Vi - t
A) Kin thc c bn :
1) Nu phng trnh bc hai ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 ( a

0 ) c 2
nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x th tng v tch hai nghim l:
S = 1 2
b
x x
a
+
v P = 1 2
.
c
x x
a

2 ) Tnh nhm nghim


a ) Nu a + b + c = 0 th phng trnh ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 ( a

0 ) c cc nghim s l
1 2
1,
c
x x
a

b ) Nu a - b + c = 0 th phng trnh ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 ( a


0 ) c cc nghim s l
1 2
1,
c
x x
a

3 ) Tm 2 s bit tng v tch ca chng
Nu 2 s u v v c tng u + v = S v tch u.v = P th u v
v l 2 nghim ca phng trnh bc hai :
2
0 x Sx P +
B ) Bi tp p dng v bi tp pht trin , nng cao
1 ) Loi ton xt du nghim ca phng trnh m khng
gii phng trnh
Bi tp 1: Khng gii phng trnh cho bit du cc nghim ?
a)
2
13 40 0 x x +
b)
2
5 7 1 0 x x + +
c)
2
3 5 1 0 x x +
Gii
a) Theo h thc Vi - t c S = 1 2
13
b
x x
a
+
1
T Quc Khnh - T Ton - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh
P =
1 2
. 40
c
x x
a

V P > 0 nn 2 nghim x
1
v x
2
cng du
S > 0 nn 2 nghim cng du dng
b) Theo h thc Vi t c P =
1 2
1
. 0
5
c
x x
a
>
nn 2 nghim cng
du
S = 1 2
7
0
5
b
x x
a

+ <
nn 2 nghim cng du m
c) P =
1 2
1
. 0
3
c
x x
a

<
nn 2 nghim tri du
S =
1 2
5
0
3
b
x x
a
+ <

Bi tp 2 : Cho phng trnh
2 2
10 0 x x m (1)
Chng minh rng phng trnh lun c 2 nghim tri du vi
mi gi tr ca m

0 . Nghim mang du no
c gi tr tuyt i ln hn ?

Gii
Ta c a = 1 > 0 , c = - m
2
< 0 vi mi m

0
V a , c tri du nn phng trnh (1) lun lun c 2 nghim
phn bit . Theo h thc Vi - t : P =
2
1 2
, x x m < 0 . Do
1
x
v
2
x
tri du
S =
1 2
10 x x +
nn nghim dng c gi tr tuyt i
ln hn
Bi tp 3:
Cho phng trnh
2 2
( 1) 2 0 x m x m m + (1) (vi m l
tham s)
a) Gii phng trnh trn vi m = 2
b) Chng minh rng phng trnh cho c 2 nghim tri du
m
c) Gi 2 nghim ca phng trnh cho l x
1
, x
2
Tm m
biu thc
3 3
1 2
2 1
x x
A
x x
| ` | `
+

. , . ,
t gi tr ln nht
Gii :
a) Thay m = 2 vo phng trnh ta c
2
4 0
1 4.( 4) 17 0
x x
>

Phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit
2
T Quc Khnh - T Ton - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh

1
2
1 17
2
1 17
2
x
x
+

b)Xt
2 2 2 2
1 1 3 1 3
2 ( 2) ( 2 1 ) ( ) 1
2 4 4 2 4
ac m m m m m m m
]
+ + + + +
]
]
C
2 2
1 1 3 3 3
0 1 1 1 0
2 2 4 4 4
m m P P m
| ` | `
+ <

. , . ,
Vy phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim tri du m
c) Gi 2
nghim ca phng trnh cho l x
1
, x
2

T kt qu phn b c x
1
, x
2

0 , biu thc A c xc nh vi
mi x
1
, x
2
tnh theo m v
3
1 2
2 1
( ) 0;( ) 0
x x
x x
> <

t
3
1
2
( )
x
a
x

Vi a > 0
3 2
1
1
( )
x
x a

C A = -a +
1
a
mang gi tr m
A t gi tr ln nht <=> - A c gi tr nh nht
C A = a +
2
1 1 a
a a
+

Theo bt ng thc C si p dng cho hai s khng m a v
1
a
( v a > 0 v
1
0
a
>
)
C
1 1
( ):2 .
1
( ):2 1
1
2
a a
a a
a
a
a
a
+
+
+
Vy A 2 nn A c gi tr nh nht l 2 <=> A 2 nn A c
GTLN l - 2
3
T Quc Khnh - T Ton - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh

2
2
2
1
* 2 2
1
2
. 1 2
2 1 0
2 1 0
( 1) 0
1
A a
a
a
a
aa a
a a
a a
a
a
+

+
+

( tho mn iu kin a > 0 )


Vi a = 1 th
3
1 1
1 2
2 2
( ) 1 1
x x
x x
x x


Theo kt qu
1 2
x x
c
1 2 2 2
0
b
S x x x x
a
+ +

( 1) 0
1 0
1
m
m
m



* Kt lun : Vi m = 1 th biu thc A t gi tr ln nht l - 2
2) Loi ton tnh gi tr biu thc cha tng, tch 2
nghim
Bi tp 4: Cho phng trnh :
2 2
( 1) 2 0 x m x m m +
a) Chng minh rng phng trnh lun c 2 nghim tri du vi
mi m
b) Gi 2 nghim l x
1
v x
2
tm gi tr ca m
2 2
1 2
x x +
t
gi tr nh nht.
Gii:
a ) Ta c a = 1 > 0

2 2
2
2
2 ( 2)
1 7
( )
4 4
1 7 7
( ) 0
2 4 4
c m m m m
m m
m
+ +
++

<
a, c tri du nn phng trnh lun lun c 2 nghim phn
bit vi mi tham s m
Theo h thc Vi t P =
2
1 2
. 2 0
c
x x m m
a
+ < do 2
nghim tri du
4
T Quc Khnh - T Ton - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh
b) Ta c

2 2
( 1) 2( 2) m m m +
=
2
2 2
2 1 2 2 4 3 4 5 m m m m m m + + + +

2 2
4 5 2 4 11
3 3( 2 )
3 3 3 9 9
m m m m
| `
+ + +

. ,

2
2 11 11
3( )
3 3 3
m +
Vy Min ( )
2 2
1 2
11
3
x x +
khi m =
2
3

Bi tp 5:
Cho phng trnh
2 2
2 ( 2) 7 0 x m x m + +
Tm gi tr dng ca m phng trnh c 2 nghim tri
du v nghim m c gi tr tuyt i bng nghch o ca
nghim kia
Gii :
Ta c a = 2 > 0
Phong trnh c 2 nghim tri du
2
7 0 7 7 m m + < < <
Vi iu kin ny gi s x
1
< 0 ,x
2
> 0 theo ra ta c
2
2 2
1 1 2
2
1 7
1 ( ) 1 7 2 5 5
2
m
x x x m m m
x
+
t
V m > 0 nn ta chn m = 5 ( tho mn iu kin
7 7 m < < )
Kt lun : Vy vi m = 5 th phng trnh cho c 2
nghim tri du v nghim m c gi tr tuyt i bng
ngch o ca nghim kia .
Bi tp 6 :
Xt phng trnh :
4 2 2
2( 2) 5 3 0 x m m + + + (1) vi m l tham
s
1) Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr ca m phng trnh (1)
lun c 4 nghim phn bit
2) Gi cc nghim ca phng trnh (1) l
1 2 3 4
, , , x x x x
. Hy tnh
theo m gi tr ca biu thc M =
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4
1 1 1 1
x x x x
+++
Gii :
1) t x
2
= y ( K : y 0 ) Pt (1) tr thnh
2 2 2
2( 2) 5 3 0 y m y m + + + (2)
5
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
( ) 2 x x x x x x + +
2
, 2 2
( 2) (5 3) m m ] + +
]
T Quc Khnh - T Ton - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh

2 2 2
4 2 2
4 2
2 2 2
2 2
( 2) (5 3)
4 4 5 3
1
1 1 3
( ) 2 .
2 4 4
1 3
( )
2 4
m m
m m m
m m
m m
m
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+
C
2 2 2 2
1 1 3 3
( ) 0 ( )
2 2 4 4
m m + nn
,
0

Phng trnh (2) lun c 2 nghim phn bit
Theo h thc Vi t c
2
2
1 2
2( 2)
2( 2)
1
b m
S y y m
a
+
+ +
2
1 2
. 5 3
c
P y y m
a
+
Xt
2
5 3 P m +
c
2 2 2
0 5 0 5 3 3 m m m +

nn P > 0 vi mi m

Z
1 2
, y y
cng du
Xt
2
1 2
2( 2)
b
S y y m
a

+ + .
V
2 2 2
0 2 2 2( 2) 4 m m m + +
nn S > 0
1 2
, y y
cng du dng (tho mn K y 0)
Vy phng trnh (2) c 2 nghim phn bit cng du dng
nn phng trnh (1) c 4 nghim phn bit i nhau tng
i mt .
2) Theo kt qu phn a c
1 2 3 4
, , , 0 x x x x

v
1 1 2 1
, x y x y

3 2 4 2
, x y x y
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
1 1 1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
M
y y y y
+ + +

6
T Quc Khnh - T Ton - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh

1 1 2 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 1 1 1
2 2
2 2
.
2( )
.
y y y y
y y
y y
y y
y y
y y
++ +
+
+

Thay kt qu S v P vo M ta c
2 2
2 2
2.2( 2) 4( 2)
5 3 5 3
m m
M
m m
+ +

+ +
Kt lun:
2
2
4( 2)
5 3
m
M
m
+

+
Bi tp 7:
Cho phng trnh
2
2( 1) 0 x m x m + + ( ml tham s)
a) Chng minh : Phng trnh cho lun lun c nghim vi
mi m
b) Trong trng hp m > 0 v
1 2
, x x l cc nghim ca phng
trnh ni trn hy tm GTLN ca biu thc
2 2
1 2 1 2
1 2
3( ) 6 x x x x
A
x x
+ + +

Gii:
a)
[ ]
2
,
( 1) m m +

2
2
( 1)
2 1
m m
m m m
+
+ +

2
2
1
1 1 3
2. .
2 4 4
m m
m m
++
+ ++
2
1 3
( )
2 4
m + +
V
2
1
( ) 0
2
m+ nn
2
1 3 3
( )
2 4 4
m+ +
,
0 m Z >
Phng trnh cho lun c 2 nghim phn
bit vi mi gi tr m
b)
2 2
1 2 1 2
1 2
3( ) 6 x x x x
A
x x
+ + +


7
T Quc Khnh - T Ton - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh
Theo kt qu phn a phng trnh cho lun c 2 nghim
phn bit
p dng h thc Vi t ta c
S =
1 2
2 2
b
x x m
a

+ +
P =
1 2
.
c
x x m
a

V P = m > 0 nn
2 2
, 0 x x
biu thc A c xc nh vi mi
gi tr
1 2
, x x
1 2
, x x
tnh theo m
2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
1 2
2 2 3( ) 6
.
x x x x x x x x
A
x x
+ + + +

=
2
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2
( ) 2 . 3( ) 6 x x x x x x
x x
+ + +
Thay S v P vo biu thc A ta c :

2
2
(2 2) 2 3(2 2) 6
4 8 4 2 3(2 2) 6
m m m
A
m
m m m m
m
+ + +

+ + + +


2 2 2
4 4 1 1
4( ) 4( )
1
4( )
m m m
m m m m
m
m
+ +
+
+
Theo bt dng thc C Si v
1 1
( ) : 2 . m m
m m
+
( do m >
0v
1
0
m
> )
1
2. 1
1
2
1
4( ) 8
m
m
m
m
m
m
+
+
+
Vy biu thc A c GTNN l 8
Trong bt ng thc C Si du bng xy ra

m =
1
m

2
1
1
m
m

t
Vi m = 1 tho mn iu kin m > 0
8
T Quc Khnh - T Ton - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh
m = -1 khng tho mn iu kin m > 0
Vy vi m = 1 th A c GTNN bng 8
Bi tp 8 :
Xt phung trnh mx
2
+ (2m -1) x + m -2 = 0 (1) vi m
l tham s
a ) Tm m phng trnh c 2 nghim x
1
, x
2
tho mn
2 2
1 2 1 2
4 x x x x +
b) Chng minh rng nu m l tch ca 2 s t nhin lin tip
th phng trnh c nghim s hu t
Gii
a ) iu kin m c 2 nghim
0
0
m

'

Xt
2
(2 1) 4 ( 2) m mm

2 2
4 4 1 4 8
4 1
1
0 4 1 0
4
m m m m
m
m m
+ +
+

+
Vy iu kin phng trnh c 2 nghim l m 0 v m
1
4

Vi iu kin trn theo h thc Vi t c



1 2
1 2 b m
S x x
a m

+

1 2
2
.
c m
P x x
a m


Gi
2 2
1 2 1 2
A x x x x +

2
1 2 1 2 1 2
2
1 2 1 2
( ) 2
( ) 3
x x x x x x
x x x x
+
+
p dng h thc Vi t c A = 4 ( K
0
1
4
m
m

'

)

2
1 2 2
( ) 3 4
m m
m m



2
2
2 2 2
2
2
1 4 4 3 6
4
1 4 4 3 6 4
3 2 1 0
3 2 1 0
m m m
m m
m m m m m
m m
m m
+

+ +
+ +

9
T Quc Khnh - T Ton - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh
C a + b + c = 3 2 1 = 0 => m
1
= 1 ( tho mn iu
kin m 0 v m
1
4

)
m
2
=
1
3

( khng tho mn iu
kin m 0 v m
1
4

)
Vy vi m = 1 th phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim
1 2
, x x
tho
mn
2 2
1 2 1 2
4 x x x x +
c) Gi n
*
N ta c m = n( n + 1 ) l tch ca 2 s t nhin lin
tip ( TMK m

0 )
d) Theo kt qu phn a ta c
2 2
4 1 4 ( 1) 1 4 4 1 (2 1) m n n n n n + + + + + +
0 vy phng trnh lun c nghim vi mi m
2 1 2 1 n n + + ( do n > 0 )
2
1
2 2
1 2 1 2 ( 1) 2 1 1 2 2 2 1
2 2 ( 1) 2 (2 1)
2 2 2(1 ) 2(1 )(1 ) 1
2 ( 1) 2 ( 1) 2 ( 1)
m n n n n n n
x
m n n n n
n n n n n
n n n n n n n
+ + + + + +

+ +
+

+ + +
2
2
2
1 2 1 2 ( 1) 2 1 1 2 2 2 1
2 2 ( 1) 2 ( 1)
2 4 2 ( 2) 2
2 ( 1) 2 ( 1) 1
n n n n n n n
x
m n n n n
n n n n n
n n n n n
+

+ +
+ +

+ + +
V n
*
N nn 1- n Z v n
*
N =>
1
1 n
x
n

l phn s
Q
t n +2
*
N v n +1
*
N =>
2
2
1
n
x
n
+

+
l phn s
Q
Kt lun:Vi m l tch ca 2 s t nhin lin tip th phng
trnh c nghim s hu t
3 ) Loi ton tm hai s bit tng v tch ca chng
Bi tp 9 : Tm hai s x y bit
a) x + y = 11 v xy = 28
b) x y = 5 v xy = 66
Gii :
a ) Vi x + y = 11 v xy = 28 theo kt qu h thc Vi t x ,y
l nghim ca phng trnh x
2
- 11x + 28 = 0
2
4 b ac
= 121 112 = 9 > 0
3
Phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit l
10
T Quc Khnh - T Ton - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh
1 2
11 3 11 3
7;
2 2
x x
+
= 4
Vy x = 7 th y = 4
x = 4 th y = 7
b) Ta c
5 ( ) 5
6 ( ) 66
x y x y
xy x y
+

' '



c x , y l nghim ca phng trnh x
2
- 5x - 66 = 0
2
4 b ac
= 25 + 264 = 289 > 0 , = 17
Phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit l
1 2
5 17 5 17
11; 6
2 2
x x
+

Vy x = 11 th y = - 6 cn x = - 6 th y = 11
Bi tp 10 : Tm hai s x y bit x
2
+ y
2
= 25 v xy = 12
Gii :
Ta c x
2
+ y
2
= 25 <=> (x + y )
2
- 2xy = 25 <=> (x + y )
2
-
2.12 = 25
(x + y )
2
= 49 <=> x +y = t 7
* Trng hp x + y = 7 v xy =12
Ta c x v y l nghim ca phng trnh x
2
- 7x +12 = 0
2
4 b ac
= 49 4.12 = 1
1 2
7 1 7 1
4; 3
2 2
x x
+

* Trng hp x + y = - 7 v xy =12
Ta c x v y l nghim ca phng trnh x
2
+7x +12 = 0
Gii phng trnh ta c x
3
= -3 ; x
4
= - 4
cc cp s x, y cn tm l (4 ; 3) ; (3 ; 4) ;(- 4 ; - 3) ; ( -3 ; -4)
4 ) Loi ton tm biu thc lin h gia tng tch 2
nghim khng ph thuc
tham s :
Bi tp 11 : Cho phng trnh x
2
- ax + a - 1 = 0 c 2 nghim
1 2
, x x

a) Khng gii phng trnh hy tnh gi tr biu thc
2 2
1 2
2 2
1 2 2 1
3 3 3 x x
M
x x x x
+

+
b) Tm a tng cc bnh phng 2 nghim s t GTNN ?
Gii
a)
2
2 2
1 2 1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
3 ( ) 2 1
3( 1)
( ) ( )
x x x x
x x
M
x x x x x x x x
] +
+
]

+ +
11
T Quc Khnh - T Ton - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh
Theo h thc Vi t c
1 2 1 2
; . 1 S x x a P x x a +

Vy
[ ]
2
3 2( 1) 1
3 ( 1)( 1) 2( 1)
( 1) ( 1)
a a
a a a
M
a a a a
]
+
]



2 2
3( 1) 3( 1) 3( 1)
( 1) ( 1)
a a a
a a a a a



(K :
0, 1 a a
)
b) Ta c
1 2
S x x a +
(1)

1 2
. 1 P x x a
(2)
Tr 2 v ca (1) cho (2) ta c
1 2 1 2
1 x x x x +
, y l biu
thc lin h gia x
1
v x
2
khng ph thuc vo a
C) Cc bi tp t ng t
Bi tp 1 : Khng gii phng trnh cho bit du cc nghim ?
a) x
2
- 6x +8 = 0
b) 11 x
2
+13x -24 =0
c) 2 x
2
- 6x + 7 = 0
Bi tp 2 : Chng minh rng vi bt k gi tr no ca k , ph-
ng trnh
a) 7 x
2
+ kx -23 = 0 c 2 nghim tri du
b) 12 x
2
+70x + k
2
+1 = 0 khng th c 2 nghim tri du
c) x
2
- ( k +1)x + k = 0 c mt nghim bng 1
Bi tp 3 : Gii cc phng trnh sau bng cch nhm nhanh
a) mx
2
- 2(m +1)x + m + 2 = 0
b) (m -1) x
2
+ 3m + 2m + 1 = 0
c) (1 2m) x
2
+ (2m +1)x -2 = 0
Bi tp 4 : Cho phng trnh x
2
- 2m + m - 4 = 0
a) Tm m phng trnh c 2 nghim i nhau . Tnh 2
nghim
b) nh m phng trnh c 2 nghim thc dng
Bi tp 5 : ( TS chuyn H Long nm hc 2002 -2003 )
(2,5 )
Cho phng trnh x
2
- mx +1 = 0 ( m l tham s )
a) Gii phng trnh trn khi m = 5
b) Vi m = 5 , gi s phng trnh cho khi c 2 nghim
l
1 2
, x x

Khng gii phng trnh , hy tnh gi tr ca biu thc

2 2
1 1 2 2
3 3
1 2 1 2
3 5 3 x x x x
A
x x x x
+ +

+
Hng dn gii:
12
T Quc Khnh - T Ton - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh
a) Vi m = 5 phng trnh tr thnh x
2
-5x +1 = 0

= 21 , phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit


1
(5 21)
2
x
+
,
2
5 21
2
x

b)Vi m = 5 , ta c phng trnh bc hai :


2
5 1 0 x x +
Theo h thc Vi t :
1 2
5 S x x + v
1 2
. 1 P x x
2 2
1 1 2 2
3 3
1 2 1 2
3 5 3 x x x x
A
x x x x
+ +

+

2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2
2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2
1 2 1 2
2
1 2 1 2 1 2
3( 2 )
( 2 ) 2
3( )
( ) 2
x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x x
+ +

] + +
]
+

] +
]
Thay S v P vo A ta c :
14
3
A
Bi tp 6 :
Cho phng trnh bc 2 n x :
2 2
2( 1) 2 3 1 0 x m x m m + +
(1)
a) Chng minh rng phng trnh c nghim khi v ch khi
0 1 m
b) Gi
1 2
, x x
l nghim ca phng trnh , chng minh rng
1 2 1 2
8
8
x x x x + +
Hng dn gii:
a) Phng trnh (1) c nghim <=>
, 2 2
( 1) (2 3 1) 0 m m m +

2
0 ( 1) 0 0 m m m m m hoc 1 0 m
0 1 m
c) Khi m 1 , theo h thc Vi t c
1 2
2
1 2
2( 1)
. 2 3 1
S x x m
P x x m m
+
+
2 2
1 2 1 2
. 2( 1) 2 3 1 2 1 Q x x x x m m m m m + + + +

2 2
1 1 9
2 2 ( )
2 2 4 16
m
m m
V
2
1 1 3 1 9
0 1 ( )
4 4 4 4 16
m m m do
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2
1 9
( ) 0
4 16
m
2 2
9 1 9 1
2 ( ) 2( )
16 4 8 4
Q m m
]

]
]
V
2 2 2
1 1 9 1 9 9
2( ) 0 2( ) 0 2( )
4 4 8 4 8 8
m m m Q
Bi tp 7 : Cho phng trnh :
2
2 5 1 0 x x +
Tnh
1 2 2 1
x x x x + (Vi x
1
, x
2
l 2 nghim ca phng
trnh)
Hng dn gii:
Theo nh l Vi t ta c
1 2 1 2 1 2
5 1 1
;
2 2
2
x x x x x x +
Ta c
1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2
( ) A x x x x x x x x + +
Nu
2
1 2 1 2 1 2
5 5 2 2
2 2
2 2
S x x S x x x x S
+
+ + + +
Do A =
1 2 2 1
x x x x +

1 5 2 2 1
5 2 2
2 2
2
+
+
Bi tp 8 : a) Xc nh m phng trnh
2 2
2 2 2 0 x mx m + +
c 2 nghim phn bit
b) Gi 2 nghim l x
1
, x
2
, Tm GTNN ca biu thc

1 2 1 2
2 4 A x x x x + +
Hng dn gii:
a)
, 2 2 2
2( 2) 4 m m m +
Phng trnh c 2 nghim

2
2
0
0
4
2 2
m
m
m

b)Theo nh l Vi t c
2
1 2 1 2
2
;
2
m
x x m x x

+
Do ta c
1 2 1 2
2 4 ( 2)( 3) A x x x x m m + + +
V [ ]
2;2 m
nn (m + 2)(m - 3) 0
Khi
2 2
1 25 25
( 2)(3 ) 6 ( )
2 4 4
A m m m m m + + + +
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Vy GTNN ca A l
25
4
khi v ch khi m = 2
Bi tp 9 :
1) Chng t rng phng trnh
2
4 1 0 x x +
c 2 nghim
phn bit x
1
, x
2
Lp phng trnh bc hai c 2 nghim l
2
1
x
v
2
2
x
2) Tm m phng trnh
2
2 2 3 0 x mx m +
c hai nghim
cng du .Khi hai nghim cng du m hay cng du dng ?
Hng dn gii:
1)
,
4 1 0 >
nn phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
2 2 2
1 2 1 2
( ) 2 4 2.1 14
( ) 1
S x x x x x x
P x x x x
+ +

vy phng trnh cn tm l x
2
- 14x +1 = 0
2) Phng trnh c 2 nghim cng du
2
, 2
1 2
( 1) 2 0
2 3 0 3
3
2 2 3 0
2
m
m m
m
x x m m
+
+

>
' '
>

Khi
1 2
2 0 x x m + >
Suy ra phng trnh c 2 nghim dng
Bi tp 10 : Xt phng trnh
2
(2 1) 2 0 mx m x m + + vi m l
tham s
a) Tm m phng trnh c hai nghim l x
1
, x
2
tho mn
2 2
1 2 1 2
4 x x x x +
b) Chng minh rng nu m l tch ca hai s t nhin lin tip
th phng trnh c nghim hu t
ng Hi, ngy 25 thng 10 nm 2009
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