-------------------------------------------------------------TI LIU N THI I HC 2010 ( HA HC)

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S IN PHN
A.KIN THC C BN:
1. nh ngha s in phn: S in phn l qu trnh oxi ha - kh xy ra trn b mt
in cc, di tc dng ca dng in mt chiu chy qua cht in li trng thi nng
chy hay dung dch.
2. Phn ng oxi ha- kh xy ra in cc khi in phn:
a) Cation ( ion dng) v catot ( in cc m), ti cation nhn electron ( cht oxi ha)
to ra sn phm.
b) Anion (ion m) v anot ( in cc dng), ti anion nhng electron ( cht kh)
to ra sn phm.
Phn ng oxi ha - kh xy ra in cc l giai on quan trng nht, cn xc nh r ion
no u tin nhn hoc nhng electron v to ra sn phm g?
3. S oxi ho kh trn b mt in cc:
a) in phn cc cht nng chy ( mui, Al2O3)
catot: ion dng kim loi nhn electron.
anot: ion m nhng electron.
b) in phn dung dch:
Khi in phn dung dch c nhiu cht oxi ha v cht kh th xy ra s oxi ha kh
ln lt cc in cc theo th t u tin.
vit phng trnh in phn, cn xt ring r cc qu trnh xy ra catot v anot.
c)Th t nhn electron:

cc m c cc ion H+ (H2O) cation kim loi. Cation kim loi nhn electron theo
th t u tin t sau ra trc:
Li+, K+,Ba2+, Ca2+, Na+,Mg2+, Al3+, H+ (H2O), Mn2+, Zn2+,Cr3+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Sn2+, Pb2+,
H+ (axit), Cu2+, Fe3+,Hg+,Ag+, Hg2+ ,Pt2+,Au3+
Sn phm to thnh: M n+ + ne M; 2H+( axit) + 2e H2 ; 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH-.
cc dng c cc anion v nhng ectron theo th t:
Cl-> Br-> S2-> CH3COO-> OH- > SO42-.
Sn phm to thnh: S2- - 2e S; 2O2- - 4e O2 ; 2Cl- - 2e Cl2 ; 2SO42- - 2e S2O822CH3COO- - 2e CH3 CH3 + 2CO2; 2OH- (baz) 2e O2 + H2O; H2O - 2e O2 + 2H+.
4. Hin tng dng cc tan:
Khi in phn dung dch mui trong nc, cc dng lm bng kim loi ca mui ha tan th
cc dng b n mn, gi l hin tng dng cc tan.
( Vt liu lm anot tr , khng b ha tan thng l: graphit, platin)
5. Tnh lng sn phm in phn thu c:
a) Tnh khi lng n cht:
AIt
m
It
p dng cng thc Faraday: m =
hay s mol: =
.
96500n
A
96500n
b) Tnh khi lng hp cht:
Da vo cng thc Faraday tnh lng n cht trc ri suy ra lng hp cht bng phng
trnh in phn.

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BIN SON: V Phn ( Yn S - Hong Mai H Ni )
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-------------------------------------------------------------TI LIU N THI I HC 2010 ( HA HC)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B.CC DNG TON THNG GP:
DNG 1: Vit phng trnh in phn, gii thch qu trnh in phn.
V d 1:Vit phng trnh in phn Al2O3 nng chy vi in cc bng than ch.
0
cao
Gii: Al2O3 t

2Al3+ + 3O2-.
Catot: 2Al3+ + 6e 2A; Anot: 3O2- - 6e 3/2 O2
Phng trnh in phn : Al2O3 pnc

2Al + 3/2 O2.

Nu in cc bng than, anot: C + O2 CO; CO2 nn anot b n mn dn.
V d 2: Vit phng trnh in phn NaOH nng chy.
0
cao
Gii: NaOH t

Na+ + OH-.
Catot: Na+ + 1e Na; Anot: 2OH- - 2e H2O + O2.
Phng trnh in phn: 2NaOH pnc

2Na + H2O + O2
V d 3: Gii thch qu trnh in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc bng Cu.
Gii: CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO42-; H2O H+ + OH- .
Catot: Cu2+, H+(H2O). Cu2+ + 2e Cu;
Anot: SO42-, OH-( H2O).
H2O 2e O2 + 2H+;
Cu + O2 CuO;
CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O.
Xy ra hin tng dng cc tan.
V d 4: Gii thch qu trnh in phn dung dch NiSO4 vi anot tr.
Gii: NiSO4 Ni2+ + SO42-; H2O H+ + OH- .
Catot: Ni2+, H+(H2O). Ni2+ + 2e Ni.
Anot: SO42-, OH-( H2O). H2O 2e O2 + 2H+;
Phng trnh in phn: NiSO4 + H2O Ni + O2 + H2SO4.
V d 5: Cho dung dch ca hn hp NaCl v CuSO4.
a) Vit phng trnh in phn dung dch.
b) Gii thch ti sao dung dch sau in phn ha tan c Al2O3.
Gii:
a) NaCl Na+ + Cl- ; CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO42-; H2O H+ + OH-.
Catot: Cu2+, H+(H2O), Na+.
Anot: Cl- , SO42- , OH-( H2O)
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
2Cl- - 2e Cl2
Phng trnh in phn: 2NaCl + CuSO4 pdd

Cu + Na2SO4 + Cl2 .
b) Dung dch sau khi in phn ha tan Al2O3 nn c hai kh nng xy ra:
* Khi in phn c CuSO4 d:
CuSO4 + H2O pdd

Cu + H2SO4 + O2
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
* Khi in phn c NaCl d:
2NaCl + 2H2O pdd

2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
Al2O3 + NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O.

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BIN SON: V Phn ( Yn S - Hong Mai H Ni )
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-------------------------------------------------------------TI LIU N THI I HC 2010 ( HA HC)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DNG 2: Tnh khi lng kim loi v th tch cc cht kh thot ra in cc.
V d 6: in phn 200ml dung dch CuSO4 vi cc in cc tr bng dng in mt chiu I =
9,65 A. Khi th tch cc kh thot ra c hai in cc u bng 1,12 lt ( ktc) th ngng in
phn. Kim loi sinh ra bm vo catot c khi lng l:
A. 6,4 gam.
B. 3,2 gam.
C. 9,6 gam.
D. 12,8 gam.
pdd
Gii: Phng trnh in phn CuSO4 + H2O
Cu + H2SO4 + O2 (1).
Sau khi CuSO4 b in phn ht, H2O b in phn:
catot: 2H+ + 2e H2 .
anot: H2O 2e O2 + 2H+
p
H2O
H2 + O2 (2).
Theo bi ra: n(H2 thot ra catot) = 1,12/22,4 = 0,05 (mol) n(O2 thot ra anot trong (2)) =
0,025
nCu( catot) = 2 n( O2 thot ra anot trong (1)) = 2.(0,05 0,025) = 0,05 mol.
Vy: mCu(catot) = 0,05.64 = 3,2 gam.
Chn p n B.
DNG 3: Tnh khi lng cc cht in phn.
V d 7: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2 0,1M v NaCl
0,5M (in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy.
Dung dch thu c sau in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l
A. 4,05.
B. 2,70.
C. 1,35.
D. 5,40.
( Trch TSH B 2009)
Gii: n(CuCl2) = 0,05 (mol); n(NaCl) = 0,25 (mol).
Phng trnh in phn: 2NaCl + CuSO4 pdd

Cu + Na2SO4 + Cl2 (1).

Mol: 0,1 0,05

0,05
Thi gian in phn (1) l t1 = 96500.2.0,05/ 5 = 1930 giy.
Sau phn ng d NaCl: n(NaCl d) = 0,15 mol.
2NaCl + 2H2O pdd

2NaOH + Cl2 + H2 (2)

Al + H2O + NaOH NaAlO2 + 3/2 H2 .
(3)
5.1930
Thi gian in phn (2) l t2 = 3860 1930 = 1930 giy nNaOH(2) =2nH2=
= 0,1 mol
96500
Vy m = 0,1.27 = 2,7 gam.
Chn p n B.
V d 8: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m
kg Al catot v 67,2 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt (
ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 108,0.
B. 75,6.
C. 54,0.
D. 67,5.
( Trch TSH B 2009)
3+
2t 0 cao
Gii: Al2O3
2Al + 3O .
3+
Catot: 2Al + 6e 2A; Anot: 3O2- - 6e 3/2 O2
Phng trnh in phn : Al2O3 pnc

2Al + 3/2 O2 (1).

Nu in cc bng than, anot: C + O2 CO; CO2 (2) nn anot b n mn dn.
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BIN SON: V Phn ( Yn S - Hong Mai H Ni )
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-------------------------------------------------------------TI LIU N THI I HC 2010 ( HA HC)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Hn hp kh X gm CO v CO2 ,O2(d) vi tng s mol l 67,2.1000/22,4 = 3000 (mol).
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
(3)
Trong 2,24 lt (0,1 mol) hn hp X:
nCO2 (3) = nCaCO3 =2/100 = 0,02 (mol) nCO = 0,06 (mol); nO2 = 0,02 (mol) .
Hn hp X gm nCO2 =nO2(d)= 600 mol; nCO= 1800mol nO2(1) = 600+600+ 900 = 2100 (mol)
nAl = 4/3.2100 = 2800 (mol).
Vy m = 2800.27 = 75600 gam = 75,6kg.
Chn p n B.
DNG 4: Tnh khi lng dung dch v nng dung dch cc cht sau in phn.
V d 9: in phn 200ml dung dch NaCl 1M ( d = 1,15 g/ml) c mng ngn xp.Sau khi thu
c 1,12 lit kh ( ktc) thot ra catot th ngng in phn.Tnh nng % cc cht trong
dung dch sau in phn.
Gii: Phng trnh in phn: 2NaCl + 2H2O pdd

2NaOH + Cl2 + H2 (1)

pddNaOH
H2O H2 + O2
(2)
Gi s ch c phn ng (1) xy ra v NaCl in phn ht: nCl2= nH2 = nNaCl = 0,1 mol.
Theo bi th nCl2 = nH2 = 0,05 (mol)< 0,1 (mol) phn ng (1) cha hon thnh v khng
xy ra phn ng (2).Dung dch sau in phn gm: 0,1 mol NaOH v 0,1 mol NaCl (d).
Tng khi lng dung dch sau in phn: m = 1,15.200 0,05(71+2) = 226,35 (gam).
Vy: C%(NaOH) = 4/226,35 = 1,767%. C%(NaCl) = 5,85/226,35 = 2,584%.
V d 10: in phn 200ml dung dch NaCl 1M c mng ngn xp. sau khi thu c 4,48 lt kh
(ktc) thot ra catot th ngng in phn. Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch sau
in phn (Coi th tch dung dch khng i).
Gii: Xy ra hai qu trnh nh VD9. Dung dch sau in phn ch c 0,2 mol NaOH.
Vy CM(NaOH) = 0,2/ 0,2 = 1(M).
C. CU HI V BI TP TRC NGHIM T GII:
1. Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui ca
chng l:
A. Fe, Cu, Ag.
B. Mg, Zn, Cu.
C. Al, Fe, Cr.
D. Ba, Ag, Au.
( Trch TSH A 2009)
2. in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl ( vi in cc tr, c mng ngn xp)
dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b
l:
A. b < 2a
B. b = 2a
C. b > 2a
D. 2b = a
3. Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php:
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc.
B. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc.
C. in phn dung dch NaNO3 , khng c mn ngn in cc.
D. in phn NaCl nng chy.
4. Cho cc ion: Na+, Al3+, Ca2+, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-. Cc ion khng b in phn khi trng thi
dung dch l:
A. Na+, Al3+, SO42-, NO3-.
B. Na+, Al3+, SO42-, Cl-.
+
3+
C. Na , Al , Cl , NO3 .
D. Al3+, Cu2+, Cl-, NO3-.
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BIN SON: V Phn ( Yn S - Hong Mai H Ni )
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-------------------------------------------------------------TI LIU N THI I HC 2010 ( HA HC)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. in phn ( in cc tr, c mng ngn xp) mt dung dch c cha cc cation: Fe2+, Fe3+,
Cu2+. Th t xy ra s kh catot l:
A. Fe2+, Cu2+, Fe3+.
B. Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe2+.
C. Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+.
D. Fe2+, Fe3+,Cu2+.
6. in phn ( in cc tr, c mng ngn xp) mt dung dch c cha cc anion: S2-, SO2-.
Th t xy ra s oxi ha anot l:
A. S2-, OH-, SO42-.
B. S2-, SO42-, OH-.
C. OH-, S2-, SO42-.
D. OH-, SO2-, S2-.
7. Cho cc dung dch ring bit sau: KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, ZnSO4, H2SO4, KNO3, AgNO3,
NaOH. Dung dch khi in phn thc cht ch l in phn nc l:
A. NaOH, NaCl, ZnSO4, KNO3, AgNO3.
B. NaOH, Na2SO4, H2SO4, KNO3, CaCl2.
C. NaOH, Na2SO4, H2SO4, KNO3.
D. Na2SO4, KNO3, KCl.
8. Khi in phn dung dch NaCl ( in cc tr, khng c mng ngn xp) th sn phm thu
c gm:
A. H2, Cl2, NaOH.
B. H2, Cl2, nc Javen.
C. H2, nc Javen.
D. H2,Cl2, NaOH, nc Javen.
9. Cho cc dung dch: KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, ZnSO4, H2SO4, KNO3, AgNO3, NaOH. Sau khi
in phn, cc dung dch cho mi trng baz l:
A. KCl, KNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4.
B. KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, NaOH.
C. NaCl, CaCl2, NaOH, H2SO4.
D. NaCl, NaOH, ZnSO4, AgNO3.
10. Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Khi in phn cc cht nng chy th catot cc cation kim loi nhn electron.
B. Khi in phn cc cht nng chy th anot cc anion nhng electron.
C.Khi in phn th trn cc b mt in cc xy ra qu trnh oxi ha kh.
D. Khi in phn cc dung dch mui trong nc th cc dng b n mn.
11. in phn 200ml dung dch CuSO4 nng x M (in cc tr). Sau mt thi gian th thy
khi lng dung dch gim 8 gam v lm kt ta ht ion Cu2+ cn d trong dung dch cn
dng 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 0,5.
B. 1,0.
C. 1,5.
D. Kt qu khc.
12. in phn dung dch cha NaOH 0,01M v dung dch Na2SO4 0,01M. Th tch dung dch
trong qu trnh in phn thay i khng ng k. pH ca dung dch sau in phn l:
A. 2.
B. 8.
C.10.
D.12.
13. in phn 400ml dung dch AgNO3 0,2M v Cu(NO3)2 0,1M ( h= 100%, in cc Pt) vi
cng dng in I = 10A. Sau thi gian t giy th ngng in phn, khi lng Cu thot ra
bm vo catot l 1,28 gam. Gi tr ca t l:
A. 1158.
B. 2316.
C. 9650.
D. 4825.
14. in phn dung dch NaOH vi cng dng in l I = 10A trong thi gian 268 giy. Sau
khi in phn cn li 100 gam dung dch NaOH 24%. Nng % ca dung dch NaOH trc khi
in phn l:
A. 20.
B. 25.
C. 16.
D. Kt qu khc.
15. in phn 500ml dung dch AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2M ( in cc platin) vi cng
dng in I = 10 A.Dung dch sau in phn c [H+] = 0,16M.Gi s hiu sut in phn l
100% v th tch dung dch khng thay i. Nng mol ca mui nitrat trong dung dch sau
in phn l:
A. 0,2M.
B. 0,3M.
C. 0,1M.
D. 0,17M.
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BIN SON: V Phn ( Yn S - Hong Mai H Ni )
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