QUY TRNH TNH TON V THIT K MNG CC TRM TRN NN T YU I- NGUYN TC CHUNG I.

1 - Cc trm ging nh cc loi cc g khc dng thch hp v c hiu qu x l nn t yu di cc cng trnh dn dng v cng nghip cng nh cc cng trnh khc vi quy m va v nh khi ng sut trung bnh di mng khng vt qu 0,8 kG/cm2. I.2 - Cc loi t yu dng thch hp cho cc trm v mng cc trm c th bao gm cc loi ct nh, ct bi trng thi ri bo ha nc, cc loi t dnh ( ct pha st, st pha ct v st ) trng thi do mm, do chy v chy, cc loi t bn, t than bn, v than bn. I.3 - Ty theo tr s v tnh cht tc dng ca ti trng cng trnh cng nh ty theo s a cht c th khu vc xy dng m la chn ng knh, chiu di v mt thch hp. ng knh cc trm thng dng t 8cm n 10cm, chiu di cc trm nn chn t 3m n 5m, mt cc trm ( s cc/m2 ) ty theo loi t v trng thi ca n cng nh ln ca ti trng m c th s dng t 16 cc/m2 n 49 cc/m2. Thng thng, i vi cc loi ct nh, ct bi trng thi ri v bo ha nc c th s dng mt t 16 cc/m2 n 25 cc/m2, i vi cc loi ct pha st v st pha ct trng thi do mm, chy do hoc chy c th s dng t 25 cc/m2 n 36 cc/m2, cn i vi cc loi st trng thi chy v cc loi bn st, t than bn v than bn c th s dng t 36 cc/m2 n 49 cc/m2 . I.4 - nh cc trm khi thit k lun lun phi bo m nm di mc nc ngm thp nht v nc ngm khng c tnh cht xm thc. nhng ni c thy triu ln xung tht thng, khi thit k phi m bo nh cc trm di mc nc xung thp nht. I.5 - G trm dng lm cc phi c tui t 6 nm tr ln v ng knh ngn khi khai thc khng c nh hn 4cm khi chiu di cc trm ln hn 4m v khng nh hn 5cm khi chiu di cc trm nh hn 4m. Thn cc trm phi thng hn ch kh nng un dc khi chu ti trng. Li cc trm khi s dng phi ti, khng b mc v khng bc v ngoi. Cc cc trm trc khi dng phi c ti m v dng h theo cc quy nh c th trong quy trnh thi cng. I.6 - Cc trm ch c dng trong trng hp mng cc i thp v ch yu chu ti trng thng ng l chnh, khng thch hp i vi mng cc i cao khi c ti trng ngang tc dng. I.7 - Cc trm khng nn dng nhng ni xy ra hin tng ng t v xut hin cc dng t hong th c tnh ln t. II - CC YU CU CHUNG I VI CNG TC KHO ST II.1 - Cc yu cu chung i vi cng tc kho st khi thit k cc cng trnh trn mng cc trm cng ging nh cc loi cc khc, c quy nh trong tiu chun 20TCN 160 : 87 cng nh trong tiu chun 20TCN 21 : 86 ca b xy dng. II.2 - Cn c vo c im cc loi cng trnh dn dng v cng nghip cng nh cc loi cng trnh khc vi quy m va v nh khi dng cc loi cc trm c ng knh nh ( 8 10 cm ) v chu di khng ln ( 3 5m ), cng tc kho st s bao gm 3 ni dung chnh : kho st a hnh, kho st a cht cng trnh v th nghim nn tnh cc trm ngoi hin trng. Cng tc kho st a hnh s tun theo cc quy nh chung ca B xy dng i vi cng tc thit k, cn cng tc kho st a cht cng trnh s tp trung vo my khu quan trng sau y + S l khoan khng nn t hn 2 v vi chiu su kho st t 15 20m theo yu cu ca c

quan thit k. + Th nghim xuyn tnh v xuyn ng ty theo loi t khng nn t hn 5 h. + Th nghim nn tnh cc trm khng nn t hn 2. i vi cc loi t bn, t than bn v than bn c th tin hnh th nghim ct ch thp v th nghim nn ngang trong l khoan ty theo yu cu ca c quan thit k nu thy cn thit. II.3 - Cng tc th nghim xc nh cc ch tiu c l ca t trong phng cng nh ngoi hin trng phi c tin hnh theo cc quy nh v ch dn hin hnh. II.4 - Cng tc th nghim nn tnh cc trm ngoi hin trng v nguyn tc cng c tin hnh ging nh i vi cc cc btng ct thp c tit din nh theo nh cc ch dn hin hnh. 02-08-2010, 10:51 PM III-NHNG CH DN CHUNG V TNH TON V THIT K CC TRM V MNG CC TRM III.1 Cng ging nh mng cc g v mng cc btng ct thp, mng cc trm v nn di mng cc trm c tnh ton theo cc trng thi gii hn. Quy trnh tnh ton v thit k mng cc trm III.2 i cc trm c th cu to bng gch, hc, btng hc, btng v btng ct thp ty theo quy m cng trnh, tnh hnh a cht v a cht thy vn khu vc xy dng. Nu vt liu i cc lm bng gch v hc, th vic xc nh chiu cao i v kim tra bn ca i s cn c vo cc quy nh chung ca Tiu chun thit k kt cu gch . i vi i cc lm bng vt liu btng hc, btng v btng ct thp, khi cu to i cng nh xc nh lng ct thp cn thit s da vo Tiu chun thit k cc cu kin btng v btng ct thp hin hnh. III.3 Ty theo iu kin lm vic ca cc trm ng trong t v ty theo s cu to a cht, cc trm s c phn chia thnh hai loi : cc chng v cc ma st ( cc treo ). Nu mi cc trm ta ln trn cc loi t hn ln, si, cui, ct to trng thi cht hoc ta trn cc loi t dnh ( st, st pha ct, ct pha st ) trng thi cng th c th xem cc trm l loi cc chng, lc sc khng ca t di mi cc ng vai tr ch yu v lc ma st xung quanh thn cc xem nh b qua. Trong trng hp ny, cc trm cn c kim tra bn v kh nng un dc khi chu ti trng ging nh cc g hay cc btng ct thp. Cc trng hp cn li, cc trm c tnh ton ging nh cc ma st, trong kh nng chu ti ca cc u da vo lc ma st ca t xung quanh thn cc v sc khng ca t di mi cc. III.4 Ty theo mt ca cc trm ng trong loi t yu thch hp m khong cch gia cc cc s khc nhau. tin thi cng, thng thng cc cc c b tr theo li hnh vung. Khong cch gia cc cc c th tham kho trong bng 3 1 phn ph lc ca Quy trnh ny. III.5 Ty theo tng loi cng trnh, tnh cht tc dng ca ti trng v s a cht, mng cc trm c tnh theo trng thi gii hn th nht ( theo kh nng chu ti ) hoc theo trng thi gii hn th hai ( theo iu kin bin dng ) hoc c hai trng thi gii hn trn. i vi cc cng trnh dn dng v cng nghip cng nh cc cng trnh khc ( tr cc cng trnh c tng hm v hm ngm ) ch yu chu ti trng thng ng th mng cc trm c tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn th hai. Khi , trong tnh ton s dng t hp ti trng c bn ng vi cc ti trng v c trng t nn tiu chun. Khi cng trnh thng xuyn chu ti trng ngang tc dng, cc cng trnh xy trn b dc v mi dc, cc cng trnh xy trn lp t yu ( ct nh, ct bi trng thi bo ha nc, cc loi t dnh bo ha nc, cc loi t than bn v than bn ), cc cng trnh xy trn nn t m di l nn th cn c tnh ton theo trng thi gii

hn th nht ng vi t hp ti trng c bn v c bit. Cc i lng ti trng v c trng t nn c xc nh theo gi tr tnh ton. Vic xc nh cc loi t hp ti trng v cc c trng t nn phc v cho vic tnh ton nn mng cc trm s tun theo cc quy nh v ch dn trong cc tiu chun hin hnh. III.6 tin hnh tnh ton mng cc trm theo trng thi gii hn th nht, cn xc nh sc chu ti ca cc trm, kim tra kh nng chu ti ca nn t di mi cc trm v trn mt lp t yu di su trong phm vi chu nn ( vng nh hng gy ra ln ), kim tra n nh trt phng, trt su v n nh lt i vi cc cng trnh chu ti trng ngang ln. Khi tnh ton mng cc trm theo trng thi gii hn th hai, cn kim tra ln n nh ( ln cui cng ), hiu s ln, tc ln v nghing ca mng hoc cng trnh. Cng cn lu rng, nu c cc ph ti tc dng xung quanh mng ( do t p, do cc cng trnh ln cn ) hoc do khai thc nc ngm, trong tnh ton v thit k mng cc trm cn xt n nh hng ca ma st m. IV TNH TON CC TRM THEO KH NNG CHU TI. IV.1 Sc chu ti tnh ton ca cc trm n theo iu kin vt liu c xc nh theo biu thc : Pd=0,6FcRng ( 4 1 ) Trong : Fc din tch tit din ngang ca cc trm; Rng cng chu nn tnh ton dc th ca g trm ( phn li ), c th ly bng tr s gii thiu bng 4.1 ca ph lc. IV.2 Sc chu ti tnh ton ca cc trm n theo iu kin t nn c xc nh nh sau : IV.2.1 i vi cc trm lm vic ging nh cc chng, tr s P c tnh ton theo cng thc : Quy trnh tnh ton va thit k mng cc trm P = Pgh/K1 ( 4 2 ) Trong : Pgh=RcFc ( 4 3 ) Rc sc khng tnh ton ca t di mi cc. Khi khng c s liu th nghim kho st a im xy dng, tr s Rc c th s b ly cc gi tr trong bng 4 2 phn ph lc. Trng hp c cc s liu th nghim trong phng do khoan kho st hoc khng c s liu trong bng 4 2, tr s Rc c th xc nh s b theo cng thc : . Rc=1,3.c.Nc+y.l.Nq+0,6. y.dc/2.N Trong : l : chiu di cc trm , Nc; Nq; Ny.: tra bng 4 3 ph lc. c : lc dnh n v ( T/m2 ) dc : ng knh cc trm y: trng lng th tch ca t nn su mi cc ( T/m3 )