vin nghin cu a chnh trung tm cng ngh cao

ti liu hng dn s dng arcgis

Dch v bin son: ng Th M Lan

H ni, 7-2003

Ni dung chnh
gii thiu chung v arcgis................................................ 6 chng 1: khi nim c bn v d liu GIS ................. 10 1. Cc m hnh d liu a l........................................... 10 Vector model............................................................................... 10 Raster models.............................................................................. 11 TIN models.................................................................................. 11 D liu dng bng........................................................................ 12 2. Cc dng Format ca feature data....................... 12 Coverages...................................................................................... 12 Shapefiles...................................................................................... 15 Cc i tng ca geodatabases ...................................................16 3. Geodatabases....................................................................... 17 Topology trong geodatabase......................................................... 18 Lu cc i tng ca geodatabase.............................................. 19 Chng II: thc hin d n GIS mu theo cng ngh Arcgis................................................................................................. 20 1. Phn tch GIS l g?............................................................ 20 2. Cc bc ca d n GIS.................................................... 21 Bc 1: Xc nh mc tiu ca d n........................................... 21 Bc 2: To c s d liu cho d n............................................. 22 Bc 3: Phn tch d liu.............................................................. 22 Bc 4: Hin th kt qu............................................................... 23 3. Xy dng d n c th.................................................... 23 Chng III: Xy dng c s d liu.................................. 28 1. T chc c s d liu cho d n................................ 28 2. B sung d liu vo project folder........................ 29 3. Kho st d liu bng ArcMap.................................... 30 M mt bn mi....................................................................... 30 B sung parcel layers vo bn .................................................. 31 Lu bn .................................................................................... 31 Chng 4: Chun b d liu phn tch...................... 32 1. Chun b d liu................................................................... 32 2. Khai bo h ta cho elevation data............... 33 2

Kim tra thng tin v coordinate system...................................... 33 Khai bo coordinate system cho lowland shapefile...................... 34 3. Xc nh li li chiu cho river shapefile....... 35 Khai bo coordinate system cho river shapefile........................... 35 Chiu shapefile............................................................................. 36 Xut river shapefile vo geodatabase............................................ 38 4. S ha historic park........................................................ 38 Tm cng vin trn streets layer.................................................... 39 Nn nh......................................................................................... 40 Hin th park boundary v parcels................................................ 42 Chun b s ha park boundary.................................................... 42 S ha ng bao cng vin......................................................... 43 t vertex di mt gc v di no y.................................. 43 Dng ng vung gc................................................................. 44 Thm im ngay ti giao im ca cc ng.............................. 44 Kt thc s ha............................................................................. 44 Bin tp thuc tnh cho i tng................................................. 45 5. Nhp hai parcel layers li thnh mt layer.... 45 Chng 5: Thc hin phn tch........................................... 47 1. Chun b cho phn tch ....................................................48 Tm vng c php xy dng trm x l nc thi .....................48 Tm vng khng c php xy dng trm x l nc thi......... 50 Tm tha p ng cc tiu ch t ra............................................. 53 2. Tm cc tha cn trng.................................................. 54 Tm theo thuc tnh loi t (trng LANDUSE)......................... 54 Xut cc tha c chn ra shapefile mi.................................... 55 3. Tm cc tha thch hp nm gn ng v gn im c nc thi......................................................................... 56 Thm trng cho parcels layer..................................................... 57 Tm nhng tha nm trong vng 50m ca ng......................... 57 Gn gi tr cho trng ROAD_DIST............................................ 58 4. Tm cc tha thch hp c din tch theo yu cu ................................................................................................................. 59 Sp xp cc tha theo din tch..................................................... 60 Tm cc tha lin k vi din tch tng l 150,000m2................... 60

Xem li kt qu phn tch............................................. 61 Hin th cc tha ang chn vi cc layers tiu ch...................... 62 To layer cha alternate site......................................................... 62 Dn sch table of contents............................................................ 63 Chng 6: Trnh by kt qu .............................................. 64 1. Thit k bn .................................................................... 64 2. Thit t trang bn ................................................... 66 Chuyn t data view sang layout view.......................................... 66 Thay i kch thc trang............................................................. 67 Thay i kch thc ca data frame.............................................. 67 Sao chp data frame...................................................................... 68 i tn data frame........................................................................ 68 Thm mt data frame mi............................................................. 69 3. To overview map.............................................................. 69 Loi b nhng layers khng cn thit khi data frame................. 69 Trnh by cc tuyn ng chnh.................................................. 70 Thay i k hiu cho ng......................................................... 70 Hin th layers river v elevation.................................................. 70 4. To bn cho cc tha thch hp......................... 71 Thit t mi trng hin th........................................................ 71 Thay i k hiu cho tha............................................................. 72 Hin th cc tha thch hp........................................................... 73 Thay i k hiu cho alternate site............................................... 73 Hin th river v wastewater junction........................................... 73 Hin th v gn nhn cho junction buffers.................................... 73 5. To bn trnh by cc tha thch hp nht 74 Chp cc layers t Study Area data frame.................................... 74 To layer cho cc tha thch hp nht.......................................... 74 i mu cho cc tha ca layer highly suitable........................... 75 Thay i symbol colors................................................................. 76 Thay i tiu v nhn............................................................... 76 Gn nhn cho highly suitable parcels........................................... 77 To nhn cho alternate site........................................................... 77 Thay i thuc tnh ca nhn v hin nhn.................................. 78 6. To bo co tha t....................................................... 79

5.

Thit k bo co............................................................................ 79 Pht sinh bo co.......................................................................... 79 7. B sung danh sch cc tiu chun chn ca d n ln bn ........................................................................................ 80 8. B sung cc i tng ca bn ........................... 80 Thm mt khung hnh ch nht vo City Overview map.............. 81 B sung k hiu bn ................................................................. 81 Thm thc t l........................................................................... 82 B sung mi tn ch hng........................................................... 83 B sung tiu ca bn ........................................................... 83 B sung hnh nh logo.................................................................. 83 B sung thng tin tham chiu bn ............................................ 84 Dng thng cc i tng ca bn .......................................... 84 9. Lu v in bn .................................................................. 86

Gii thiu chung v ArcGIS

Ti liu ny gii thiu v ArcGIS ca ESRI - phn mm xy dng d n thng tin a l GIS. Ti liu c chia lm hai phn. Phn u, chng 1: Tm hiu v ArcGIS, s gii thiu nhng kin thc c bn ca ArcGIS v d liu GIS. Phn hai, bt u t chng 2: Xy dng d n GIS, l mt d n mu bn c thc hnh. D n c thit k theo cch ngi c c th t lm theo ti liu m khng cn tr gip. Trc khi khi ng, cn phi c sn ArcGIS trn my. Ngoi ra, cn ci t cc bi tp mu ArcTutor. C th lm g vi ArcGIS? Xc nh vng u tin cn sa cha cng thot nc sau trn ng t. To bn cc tuyn ng dnh cho xe but, xe p... Qun l cu, ng v lp cc bn d phng trong trng hp xy ra thin tai. Khoanh vng ti phm nhanh chng trin khai nhn s v qun l cc chng trnh gim st ti phm. Xc nh cc van kha mt ng ng nc b v. To bn s dng t phc v cng tc nh gi v k hoch s dng t. D bo bo. Nghin cu nh hng ca cng trnh xy dng n mch nc ngm. Qun l cht lng nc. To m hnh li in gim tht thot nng lng v lp k hoch t cc thit b mi.

Xy dng tuyn dn du r nht. Nghin cu a hnh xc nh v tr t trm thu pht trong thng tin lin lc. nh gi v kh nng pht trin ca mt v tr bn l mi da trn s lng khch hng ln cn. D tm ngc theo ngun nc xc nh ngun b nhim. Tm ng i nhanh nht n v tr xy ra s c. D on chy rng da trn nhng nghin cu v a th v thi tit. C th s dng ArcGIS theo nhiu cch khc nhau ph thuc vo mc phc tp ca cng vic. Mt s ngi dng ArcGIS lm d n - tc l mt ngi lm bn v s dng cng c phn tch c lp. Mt s ngi khc dng ArcGIS trong mi trng nhiu ngi dng, phc v cho cc h thng thng tin a l. Ti liu ny gii thiu v ArcGIS trong khun kh ca d n GIS. D n GIS Trong mt d n GIS, phn tch vin s phi thc hin rt nhiu cng vic m c th gp thnh 4 nhm cng vic chnh - 4 bc c bn ca d n. Bc u tin l tr li cho cc cu hi t ra trong thit k CSDLv k hoch phn tch GIS nh: u l v tr tt nht xy dng nh cao tng? C bao nhiu lng khch hng tim nng gn ca hng? ... Cng vic ny gip xc nh c nhng lp d liu no cn c tr li cho tng phn ca d n v pht trin chin lc tp hp cc cu tr li ca tng phn thnh mt kt qu cui cng.

Bc th hai l to c s d liu cha d liu a l cn tr li cho nhng cu hi t ra. C th phi s ha t bn c sn, thu thp v chuyn i d liu t nhiu ngun v nhiu dng, kim tra cht lng ca cc lp d liu, a cc lp d liu v mt h ta thng nht, b sung cc trng mi vo d liu lu kt qu phn tch. Bc th ba l phn tch d liu. Cc thao tc thng dng l chng xp cc lp d liu khc nhau, tm kim i tng theo thuc tnh v theo v tr, tng hp cc kt qu trung gian c c kt qu cui cng. Bc cui cng trong phn tch d n l trnh by kt qu cho nhng ngi khng s dng GIS v cho cng chng xem. Bn , bng thng k, biu cng c s dng phi hp to kt qu cui cng.

GIS nhiu ngi dng Trong h GIS nhiu ngi dng, d liu c lu tr trong nhng h qun l CSDL quan h thng mi nh Oracle, Informix Dynamic Server, v Microsoft SQL Server v c kt ni thng qua phn mm ArcSDE. ArcSDE cho php nhiu ngi cng hin chnh d liu GIS ng thi. tng kh nng lm vic trn h thng mng, nhiu ng dng c pht trin cho my tnh bn nh ArcCatalog, ArcMap, v ArcToolbox. Cc my ch gi nhim v cung cp d liu v thc hin vai tr x l d liu. Cc chc nng ca h GIS nhiu ngi dng cng ging nh ca mt d n GIS, nhng qui m ln hn v thao tc theo chu k lin tc. Cng tc lp k hoch trong mi trng nhiu ngi dng l rt quan trng, v s gip tng hiu sut thao tc, phn phi ti nguyn tt hn, m bo tnh cht ch ca thng tin... 8

D l lm vic trong mi trng no th ngi dng cng u s dng b 3 ng dng ca ArcGIS desktop l ArcCatalog, ArcMap, v ArcToolbox lm vic. ArcCatalog l ng dng qun l d liu khng gian, qun l thit k CSDL, to v xem metadata. ArcMap c s dng trong mi thao tc bin tp v thnh lp bn , cng nh l phn tch bn . ArcToolbox dng chuyn i d liu v thc hin cc php x l v a l. S dng c 3 ng dng cng vi nhau, ngi dng c th thc hin bt k nhim v GIS no, t n gin n phc tp, bao gm thnh lp bn , qun l d liu, phn tch a l, bin tp d liu v cc php x l khc lin quan n a l.

chng 1: khi nim c bn v d liu GIS

Kho st ArcCatalog v ArcMap, chng ta nhn thy i tng lm vic l bn v cc layers. Cc layers trn mt bn chnh l d liu GIS. Khi thm cc ng ng nc vo bn tc l ta b sung d liu t mt lp c trng ca geodatabase. Nhng kiu d liu GIS khc l shapefiles, coverages, v rasters. D liu GIS a dng, nhng tt c u lu gi c thng tin thuc tnh ln khng gian. Chng ny gii thiu vi bn c cc kiu d liu GIS v cc m hnh c s d liu.

1. Cc m hnh d liu a l ArcGIS lu tr v qun l d liu a l nhiu khun dng. Ba m hnh d liu c bn m ArcGIS s dng l vector, raster, v TIN. Ngoi ra, ngi dng c th nhp d liu bng vo GIS.

Vector model Mt cch biu din cc hin tng a l l dng points, lines, v polygons. Cch biu din th gii nh th ny c gi l m hnh d liu

vector. M hnh vector c dng ch yu m t v lu tr nhng i

tng ri rc nh nh, ng ng dn, ng bao tha... Points l cp ta x,y. Lines l tp hp ca cc ta nh ngha mt hnh dng. Polygons l tp hp cc ta khai bo cho ng bao ca 10

mt vng. Ta thng thng l mt cp (x,y) hay b ba (x,y,z) vi z v gi tr biu din cho cao. ArcGIS lu d liu vector trong cc lp i tng (feature classes) v trong tp hp ca cc lp i tng quan h tp. Cc thuc tnh ca i tng c lu trong bng. ArcGIS s dng 3 m hnh vector biu din d liu c trng l: coverages, shapefiles, v geodatabases.

Raster models Trong raster model, th gii c biu din nh mt b mt c chia thnh nhng li bng nhau. Raster model c dng lu tr v phn tch d liu lin tc trn mt vng no y. Mi nh cha mt gi tr c th biu din cho mt gi tr o c. D liu raster gm cc loi nh (nh hng khng, nh v tinh, nh qut dng s ha, lm nn) v grid (dng phn tch v lp m hnh). Grid c th c to t d liu vector. Grids c th cha cc d liu lin tc, nh mt lp b mt. Chng c th lu gi cc thng tin thuc ch v thuc tnh ca ch . V d, nh grid v kiu phn b thc vt lu gi s hiu m ha cho tng loi thc vt, tn loi thc vt... Kch thc nh cng nh, th bn c chnh xc cng cao v cng chi tit. Tuy nhin, s lm tng kch thc file nh.

TIN models Trong mt m hnh mng cc tam gic bt thng, th gii c biu din di dng mt mng cc tam gic kt ni vi nhau qua cc im vi gi tr x, y, v z. TINs l cch lu tr v phn tch b mt rt hiu qu. Cng nh

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nh rasters, c th b sung cc tp d liu TIN vo bn trong ArcMap v qun l chng bng ArcCatalog.

D liu dng bng C th xem GIS nh l mt CSDL hnh hc. Cng ging nh cc CSDL khc, ArcGIS cho php kt ni cc bng d liu vi nhau.

2. Cc dng Format ca feature data ArcGIS h tr c hai m hnh i tng file-based v m hnh i tng DBMS. Hai m hnh file-based l coverages v shapefiles. Coverages v shapefiles l m hnh d liu quan h a l (georelational data model). Nhng m hnh ny lu d liu vector cho cc i tng trong cc tp tin nh phn v s dng s nh danh duy nht lin kt i tng vi thuc tnh nm trong bng thuc tnh. M hnh i tng DBMS c ArcGIS h tr l m hnh d liu geodatabase (geodatabase data model). Trong m hnh ny, cc i tng c lu thnh cc hng ca bng CSDL quan h. Cc hng trong bng cha c thng tin ta v thng tin thuc tnh cho i tng.

Coverages Coverages l dng format chnh s dng trong nhng php x l phc tp, xy dng cc tp d liu a l cht lng cao, v thc hin phn tch khng gian ln ca ArcInfo.

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Coverages cha nhng kiu i tng chnh, phc v ph (primary, composite, v secondary features). Primary features trong coverage chnh l im nhn (label point), cung (arcs), v polygons. Composite features l tuyn ng (routes/sections) v vng (regions) c xy dng t primary feature. Coverages cn c secondary features l: im ng k (tics), cc lin kt (links), v ch gii (annotation). Tics v links khng biu din cho i tng ha, nhng c dng qun l coverages. Annotation dng th hin text v i tng ha trn bn .

Cc i tng chnh trong coverages

im nhn (Label points) c th biu din cho cc i tng im ring bit. Label points cng lin kt thuc tnh vi polygons. Mi polygon c mt label point nm gn tm ca polygon. Cung (Arcs) l tp hp cc on ni vi nhau qua cc im nt. Nhiu cung c th lp thnh mng. Cung cng to thnh polygons biu din cho cc vng. im nt (Nodes) l nhng im cui ca cc cung ni nhau. im nt c th c thuc tnh, do vy chng c th biu din cho i tng im trong mt mng nh l nhng ci van trong mng ng nc. im nt gi vai tr quan trng trong topology kim tra tnh kt ni ca cc i tng trong coverages. Polygons biu din cho vng. Polygon c cc cung bao quanh.

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i tng phc trong coverages

Routes v sections l cc i tng tuyn tnh hnh thnh t arcs v nhng phn ca arcs. Routes nh ngha mt tuyn ng dc theo mt mng tuyn tnh, v d nh ng t nh n sn bay. Sections khai bo cho tng phn ca arcs v dng xc nh ch bt u v kt thc ca mt tuyn ng. Regions l i tng vng hnh thnh t cc polygons. Khng ging polygons, regions c th nm ri rc, nm chng ln nhau.

i tng ph trong coverages

Annotation l cc chui vn bn m t cho mt c trng khi bn c in hay c hin th. Annotation c th c nh v ti mt im, nm gia hai im, hay nm dc theo mt lot im. Annotation c lu trong ta a l, do n gi nguyn v tr v t l tng quan vi cc i tng khc ca coverage mi khi c hin th. Tics l cc im khng ch. Tics biu din cho v tr bit trn mt t v dng ng k v chuyn i ta ca mt coverage. Links l cc vectors dch chuyn dng hiu chnh hnh dng ca coverages, v d, tip bin gia cc coverages.

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Coverage topology
Topology l qu trnh dng khai bo v s dng tnh tha k quan h khng gian trong hnh hc ca i tng. Ba quan h tp ca coverages l kt ni (connectivity), nh ngha vng (area definition), v lin k (contiguity). Coverages gi thng tin topology v ghi li cc quan h khng gian ny trong nhng files c bit. Lu tr thng tin kt ni gip coverages c th lp m hnh v vch lung trong mng tuyn tnh. C c thng tin v nh ngha vng v s lin k gip coverages c th tm hay nhp cc polygons nm cnh nhau v gp cc i tng a l t nhng coverages khc nhau thng qua thao tc xp chng. lu thng tin kt ni, coverage dng arc-node topology. xc nh vng, coverage dng polygon-arc topology v xc nh s lin k th dng left-right topology.

Ct gi coverages
Coverages c lu trong workspaces. Workspace l mt folder. Trong workspace folder c mt folder tn l info ( cha cc files INFO v cc nh ngha bng cho tng coverage) v nhng folders c t theo tn ca tng coverage c trong workspace.

Shapefiles Shapefiles rt hay c dng trong thnh lp bn v trong mt s phn tch. Phn ln d liu a l u nm dng shapefile. Shapefiles n gin hn coverages v n khng lu tt c cc tp hp topological cho tng

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i tng v lp i tng khc nhau. Mi shapefile ch lu cc i tng trong nhng lp i tng n.

Cc i tng trong shapefiles

Shapefiles c hai kiu i tng im: points v multipoints. Cc kiu i tng ng ca shapefile l simple lines hay multipart polylines. Cc kiu i tng vng l simple areas hay multipart areas gi l polygons.

Ct gi shapefiles
Shapefiles c lu trong folders. Mt shapefile bao gm mt tp cc files d liu vector data v mt file .dbf gi thuc tnh ca i tng. Ngoi nhng i tng c bn, c th to nhng i tng ty bin nh tha t, ng ng... Cc i tng ty bin c hnh vi chuyn bit rt thch hp biu din i tng ca th gii thc Cc i tng ca geodatabases V c th to c cc i tng ty bin nn s lng cc lp c trng l khng c gii hn. Dng hnh hc c bn ca cc lp i tng ca geodatabase l points, multipoints, network junctions, lines, network edges, v polygons. C th to i tng vi dng hnh hc mi. Tt c cc lp i tng point, line, polygon u c th l: Nhiu thnh phn (multipart). C ta x,y; x,y,z; hay x,y,z,m (m-ta ghi li gi tr khong cc o c). c lu trong nhng layers k tip nhau (ch khng chng ln nhau).

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3. Geodatabases Geodatabases dng ci t mt m hnh d liu i tng GIS. Geodatabase lu mi i tng a l trong mt hng ca bng. ng nt ca i tng c lu trong trng shape ca bng, thuc tnh lu trong nhng trng khc. Mi bng lu mt lp i tng (feature class). Ngoi cc features, geodatabases cn lu c nh rasters, bng d liu, v cc tham chiu n nhng bng khc. Mt s u im ca geodatabase l cc features trong geodatabases c th xy dng nhng hnh vi ring; cc features c lu hon ton trong mt database n; v cc lp i tng ln ca geodatabase c lu d dng, khng cn phi lp ln nhau. Cc i tng Point v multipoint ca geodatabase cng ging nh ca shapefiles. Cc i tng point ty bin c th biu din cho nh, nhng chng c th c mt giao din lit k ch s dng, din tch v gi tr cn li ca nh hay l hin nh ca ta nh. Cc i tng Network junction l cc im ng vai tr tp trong mng, ging nh im nt trong coverage. C hai loi i tng nt mng l: simple network junction features v complex network junction features. Simple junction feature c th c dng biu din mt khp ni hai ng ng. Complex junction feature ng vai tr phc tp hn trong mng. Cc thnh phn bn trong ca nhng i tng ny c th ng vai tr lgic hay tp trong mt mng ln. V d cho loi i tng ny l cng tc chuyn mch trong mch in. Vi v tr ny, cng tc s kt ni im A vi im B, trong khi v tr khc th li kt

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ni im A vi im C. Cng tc c th c nhng qui tc hp l kim sot kiu ng dy c th ni vi n. N c th c hnh vi ty bin c th th hin cng tc bng nhng k hiu khc nhau ph thuc vo tnh trng ca n (tnh trng tt hay m). Cc i tng Line gm: line segments, circular arcs, v ng cong Bzier. Network edge features l cc i tng lines ng vai tr topo trong mng. Chng c dng vch tuyn v phn tch lung: Simple edge feature l mt c trng mng tuyn tnh kt ni vi junction features ti im cui ca chng. Simple edge feature dng biu din cc ng ng trong mng cp nc v c th c qui tc kt ni. Complex edge feature l c trng mng tuyn tnh c th h tr cho mt hay nhiu im nt mng. Ging nh simple edge features, complex edge features c th c class methods v giao din ring bit. Polygon features biu din cho vng. Vng c th l hnh khp kn n gin, hay l nhng phn nm ri rc. Polygon features c th c o v h lng vo trong. C th dng polygon features biu din nh, khu vc iu tra... Polygon features c th c hnh vi v giao din ty bin.

Topology trong geodatabase Topology trong geodatabase cho php chng ta biu din hnh hc dng chung cnh gia cc i tng trong mt lp i tng v gia cc lp

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i tng khc nhau. C th t chc cc i tng trong mt geodatabase to planar topologies hay geometric networks. Feature classes c th chia s cnh, nt vi cc lp i tng khc trong planar topology. Planar topology to thnh t cc im nt, cnh, v b mt.

Lu cc i tng ca geodatabase Phin bn geodatabase nhiu ngi dng c ci t qua phn mm ArcSDE. Phin bn n ci trong Microsoft Access. Truy cp c s d liu thng qua ng dng ca ArcGIS nh ArcMap v ArcCatalog. Mi lp i tng ca geodatabase cha mt kiu i tng hnh hc. Cc lp i tng c quan h vi nhau c t chc thnh cc tp d liu i tng (feature datasets).

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Chng II: Xy dng d n GIS bng cng ngh Arcgis

Chng ny s hng dn bn thc hin mt d n GIS mu. Bn s c gii thiu v mt s k thut phn tch GIS v cch xy dng d n GIS. Kch bn ra ca d n l tm v tr thch hp xy dng nh my x l nc thi cho thnh ph A. lm c vic , bn cn phi bit cc tiu ch la chn. Tip n, cn phi xc nh cc loi d liu cn c v s dng chng tm kt qu cui cng.

1. Phn tch GIS l g? T phn tch GIS c ngha l thc hin nhiu thao tc trn h thng thng tin a l. Nhng thao tc phn tch chnh ca h GIS l: Trnh by s phn b v a l ca d liu: y l thao tc n gin nht. Truy vn d liu: C hai dng truy vn GIS l truy vn theo thuc tnh v truy vn theo v tr. Xc nh cc i tng lin k: y l dng phn tch th ba ca h GIS. Cch d nht tm i tng nm gn l to mt vng m xung

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quanh i tng nghin cu. Mt trong nhng kh nng rt mnh ca phn tch GIS l u ra ca mt qui trnh ny s l u vo ca qui trnh khc. Xp chng cc lp i tng: Dng phn tch th t l xp chng cc lp i tng khc nhau. Bn s to ra thng tin mi khi xp chng cc i tng. C nhiu kiu xp chng d liu (union, intersect, merge, dissolve, clip), nhng nhn chung l kt hp 2 tp hp i tng c sn thnh mt tp hp i tng mi. Thc hin phn tch phc tp: C th phi hp tt c cc k thut ny v nhiu k thut khc trong phn tch GIS phc tp. Vi GIS bn hon ton c th to ra cc m hnh chi tit ca th gii bn ngoi gii quyt nhng vn phc tp. 2. Cc bc ca d n GIS Cc bc ca mt d n phn tch GIS tiu biu l: xc nh mc tiu d n, to c s d liu cha d liu cn thit gii quyt bi ton, s dng cc hm GIS to m hnh nhm gii quyt vn , v cui cng l hin th kt qu phn tch. Bc 1: Xc nh mc tiu ca d n Bc u tin trong qui trnh l xc nh mc tiu phn tch. C th da vo nhng cu hi t ra sau y xc nh c mc tiu, yu cu: Cn phi gii quyt vn g? Cch gii quyt ra sao? C cn thit phi gii bi ton bng phn tch GIS khng? Sn phm cui cng ca d n l cc bo co hay bn ?

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Ai l ngi s dng kt qu? D liu c cn dng cho mc ch no khc khng? C nhng yu cu g i vi d liu? Bc ny quan trng bi v cu tr li cho nhng cu hi t ra s xc nh c mc tiu ca d n.

Bc 2: To c s d liu cho d n Bc 2 l to c s d liu cho d n. Qu trnh gm 3 bc l thit k c s d liu, nhp d liu vo CSDL v qun l, khai thc CSDL.

Thit k c s d liu bao gm xc nh d liu khng gian cn cho

d n, khai bo cc thuc tnh ca i tng, xc nh lnh th vng nghin cu, v chn h ta s dng.

Nhp d liu vo CSDL bao gm s ha hoc chuyn i d liu t

cc h khc v chun ha, hiu chnh d liu.

Qun l CSDL bao gm kim tra h ta v lin kt cc lp d liu.

Bc 3: Phn tch d liu Bc th ba l phn tch d liu. Nh bn thy, phn tch d liu trong mt h GIS c th n gin l hin th bn cho n phc tp l to nhng m hnh khng gian phc tp. M hnh khng gian cho php p dng nhiu hm chc nng ca GIS nh: Tnh ton khong cch, to vng m, tnh din tch v chu vi vng. Xp chng cc tp d liu. Cc hm tm v tr theo a ch, dn ng...

22

Bc 4: Hin th kt qu Bc th t l hin th kt qu phn tch.Trong nhiu trng hp, kt qu ca phn tch GIS tt nht l c trnh by di dng bn . Biu v cc bn bo co cng l hai trong s cc cch hin th kt qu. Bn c th in biu v bo co ring hay nhng chng v cc ti liu do cc ng dng khc to ra, hoc l t chng trn bn .

3. Xy dng d n c th V d t ra l cn tm v tr thch hp xy dng nh my x l nc thi cho thnh ph ang pht trin Greenvalley. Chnh quyn thnh ph d nh s dng ngun nc d tr v x l nc thi phc v cho nhu cu v nc. Bc 1: Xc nh mc tiu ca d n Mc tiu ca d n GIS ny l tm v tr thch hp xy dng trm x l nc thi mi. Chnh quyn thnh ph cha bao gi s dng m hnh GIS cho bi ton tng t. K hoch cho trm x l hin ti c hnh thnh t nhiu nm nay bng cch xy dng bn , chng xp cc lp thng tin... Cch tip cn ny l tng i ph hp nhng tn thi gian v khng tham kho c kin ca cng chng. Bi ton li cng tr nn kh gii quyt hn khi th ngy cng c m rng v cc yu cu v bo v sc khe v mi trng ngy cng nghim ngt hn. Hi ng thnh ph chn gii php dng m hnh GIS y nhanh tc thit k v m bo p ng c mi yu cu. Hi ng mun bit cc tha t no c th dng xy dng trm x l nc thi. Trn bn

23

 kt qu phi th hin c nhng v tr no thch hp nht v nhng v tr khng c php xy dng trm x l nc thi. Cc tiu ch la chn v tr xy dng trm x l l: Thp hn cao 365m gim chi ph bm nc. Nm ngoi vng trng trnh b ngp nc. Nm cch sng khng qu 1000m gim chi ph xy dng ng ng nc sch. Nm cch khi dn c v cng vin t nht 150m. Nm trn vng t cn trng gim chi ph mua hay n b t. Nm trong vng 1000m ca cc im nc thi chnh (tt nht l 500m). Nm cch ng 50m. Vng xy dng phi c din tch t nht l 150,000m2. Bc 2: To c s d liu cho d n Trc ht, chng ta s thu thp cc d liu hin c v xem xt d liu. Tip , chun b d liu phn tch.

Tp hp d liu cho d n
C th s dng d liu GIS c sn ca cc b, ngnh khc:

24

Chun b d liu phn tch

Trn c s xem xt cc d liu, chng ta xc nh c nhng layers no c th s dng ngay c v nhng layers no cn x l b sung. Mt s thao tc hay dng trong khu chun b d liu l: Kim tra cht lng d liu. Chun i dng formats ca d liu. S ha d liu mi. Khai bo h ta . a cc layers v cng mt h ta chiu mi. Ghp cc layers lin k. Bc 3: Phn tch d liu Trong qu trnh xy dng d n cn phi tnh n phng php phn tch v lit k cc bc quan trng cn thc hin. Cn to s x l 25

hng dn thc hin. Di y l s cc bc x l cho d n trm x l nc thi:

26

3 giai on ca qu trnh phn tch:

Giai on mt, bn cn to mt layer cho cc vng m d n khng c nm y v mt layer cho cc vng m d n c th ri vo c. Giai on hai, bn s dng cc layers ny chn cc tha thch hp. K tip, t cc tha ny li chn ra cc tha cn trng to ra layer cc tha t thch hp. Trong giai on th ba, da trn cc tiu ch ca hi ng thnh ph chn ra nhng tha t thch hp nht, tc l tha t phi nm trong vng 50m cch ng giao thng v trong bn knh 500m v 1000m ca cc trm nc thi. Bn cng cn phi kim tra xem tha t c ln xy dng c trm x l hay khng

Bc 4: Hin th kt qu Biu din kt qu trn bn v cho hin th nhng tha t c xem l thch hp v thch hp nht vi d n. Bn s gii thiu vi cng chng cc tha t d nh chn, m hnh cao dng grid cng chng c th thy c nhng tha t vng cao v vng trng ca thnh ph.

27

Chng III: Xy dng c s d liu

D liu cn cho d n c th nm nhiu ni v nhiu khun dng khc nhau. Cn phi tm kim d liu thch hp, sao chp v th mc lm vic hoc to mi d liu... ArcCatalog cho php khai thc v t chc d liu mt cch c hiu qu. Chng ny gii thiu cch to v t chc c s d liu bng ArcCatalog. Bn cng s c hng dn s dng ArcMap hin th cc tp d liu ca CSDL v thy c mi quan h v mt a l gia chng.

1. T chc c s d liu cho d n C nhiu cch t chc CSDL cho d n. Cch tt nht l to mt folder cho d n, sau l cc subfolders cha cc tp d liu u vo, v subfolder khc cho d liu m ta to ra trong qu trnh phn tch. D liu cho d n c th c thu thp t nhiu ngun khc nhau, do c th c nhng dng formats hay cc h ta khc nhau. Nh vy, c th truy cp d liu d dng chng ta cn thc hin mt s cng vic sau: To project folder. Sao chp d liu ( bo v d liu gc) vo project folder: 2. Khi ng ArcCatalog; 3. Di chuyn n ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Getting_Started, nhn p vo Getting_Started folder; 28

4. Nhn v gi CTR vo project folder v ko n folder lm vic. To kt ni vi project folder: 1) Di chuyn n project folder ca s bn phi ca Catalog; 2) Nhn vo project folder v ko ln trn cng ca cy Catalog. To geodatabase mi: 1) Nhn chut phi vo kt ni project folder, chn New/Personnal Geodatabase; 2) t tn geodatabase mi l WaterProject, sau nhn Enter. To hai folder mi trong project folder: mt lu cc d liu u vo, mt lu d liu m qu trnh phn tch pht sinh: 1) Nhn chut phi vo project folder, chn New/Folder; 2) t tn folder mi l City_Layers; 3) Lp li bc trn to folder mi l Analysis. 2. B sung d liu vo project folder Ba tp d liu ngun l parks, streets, v flood zone ca CSDL Citys GreenvalleyDB c sn trn a cng. Bi v chng ta s chnh sa parks feature class bng cch b sung thm cng vin lch s mi, do chng ta s chp lp c trng parks vo geodatabase WaterProject va c to bo v bn gc. Chng ta s khng chnh sa hai lp c trng cn li m ch s dng chng hin th v phn tch. V vy, thay v sao chp chng, chng ta s to cc layers trong project folder ch n d liu gc ca geodatabase GreenvalleyDB. Cch ny cho php truy cp c d liu nm ngoi project folder m khng phi to bn sao cho cc tp d liu. Sau y l cc bc c th: Sao chp parks feature class t geodatabase GreenvalleyDB vo geodatabase WaterProject: 1) Di chuyn n ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Getting_Started\GreenValey; 29

2) Nhp p chut vo Data, GreenValey DB thy cc tp d liu c trng; 3) Nhn chut vo parks feature dataset; 4) Nhn v ko park_polygon feature vo geodatabase WaterProject; 5) Nhn OK trong hp thoi Data Transfer sao chp d liu. To streets layer trong folder City_layers: 1) Nhn p chut vo GreenValey DB, Transportation; 2) Nhn chut phi vo street_arc v chn Create Layer; 3) Trong hp thoi Save Layer As di chuyn n folder City_Layers, t tn layer l streets; To flood_zone layer trong folder City_layers: - Lp li cc bc trn to layer flood_zone cho flood_polygon nm Hydrology.

3. Kho st d liu bng ArcMap Th Contents v Preview ca ArcCatalog cho ta xem nhanh d liu. Tuy nhin, thy quan h gia cc tp d liu v mt a l th cn phi kho st chng trong ArcMap. M mt bn mi 1) Khi ng ArcMap. 2) Chn new empty map v nhn OK. ArcMap c hai chc nng chnh: th nht l thc hin chc nng nh mt desktop (hin th, truy vn, bin tp v kt hp cc d liu a l); th hai l c chc nng nh mt trang trnh by bn . Thng thng, ta lm

30

vic trong data view to kt qu v dng layout view hin th kt qu cui cng. B sung parcel layers vo bn C hai cch b sung d liu vo bn : Dng nt Add Data ca ArcMap hoc l ko tp d liu t ArcCatalog v th vo bn . 1) Nhn vo nt Add data ca ArcMap. 2) Di chuyn n City_share folder ca project folder. 3) Nhn p vo land folder. 4) Nhn chut vo parcel_1 shapefile, sau gi phm Shift v nhn vo parcel_2 shapefile chn c hai. 5) Nhn vo Add. Lu bn 1) Nhn vo File\ Save. 2) Di chuyn n project folder. 3) G wastewater data trong hp File name. Nh vy, trong chng va ri chng ta tp hp cc d liu cn thit vo trong mt c s d liu ca project v kho st qua d liu. Mt s d liu s phi c x l b sung trc khi a vo phn tch: hai layer v tha t lin k s c hp thnh mt layer; river shapefile cn c a v cng mt h ta vi cc d liu khc; v d liu v cao (elevation data) s ch s dng cho d n ny nn khng cn phi chuyn i, nhng phi khai bo h ta cho lowland shapefile; v sau cng l phi cp nht parks layer. Nhng phn vic ny s c hng dn trong chng k tip.

31

Chng 4: Chun b d liu phn tch

Sau khi thu thp v t chc d liu, bt u cng tc chun b cc d liu phn tch. Trc ht, cn a cc d liu GIS v cng mt h ta c th hin th v xp chng cc lp c chnh xc. Ngoi ra, c th s phi cp nht hay bin tp li cc i tng hin c da trn nhng thng tin mi nht. Cc i tng thng c lu trong nhng t bn nm lin k nhau, qu trnh phn tch c thun li th cn phi gp cc tp d liu nm lin k thnh mt khi n. Trong mt s trng hp, cn phi to mi d liu bng phng php s ha hay chuyn i d liu t bng...

1. Chun b d liu i vi d n ny chng ta cn phi thc hin mt s nhim v chun b d liu dnh cho phn tch. Chng ta s lm vic vi nhiu loi d liu vi nhiu dng formats nh: shapefiles, geodatabase feature classes, coverages, v rasters. ArcGIS cho php hin th v kt hp cc dng formats ny m khng cn phi chuyn i. Do , chng ta ch cn khai bo h ta cho lowland shapefile c th hin th n v kt hp c vi cc d liu khc. Sau , chng ta s chiu river shapefile v cng h ta vi d liu c sn ca City v xut n vo geodatabase WaterProject. Chng ta cng s cp nht parks feature class vi thng tin v cng vin mi. Sau cng, 32

chng ta s nhp hai layers v parcels thnh mt. Sau y l cc bc chun b d liu: Khai bo h ta cho elevation data. a river shapefile v cng h ta ca City. Xut river shapefile vo geodatabase WaterProject. S ha historic park vo trong parks feature class. Nhp cc parcel layers thnh mt layer.

2. Khai bo h ta cho elevation data nh v cao (Elevation grid) v file lowland c h ta khc vi cc d liu khc, do ArcMap khng th thc hin cc php chuyn i v d liu khng th hin th hay chng xp cng vi nhng d liu khc ca project. Hin ti, h ta ca elevation grid c khai bo, cn lowland shapefile c to t grid th cha c thng tin v h ta . Do vy, chng ta cn khai bo h ta cho shapefile.

Kim tra thng tin v coordinate system Trc khi khai bo coordinate system cho lowland shapefile, chng ta s kim tra li nhng nh ngha v coordinate system ca d liu City data v ca elevation grid bng cch xem metadata ca cc tp d liu: 1) Vo ArcCatalog, di chuyn n geodatabase WaterProject. 2) M database duyt ni dung, sau nhn vo parks_polygon feature class. 3) Nhn vo th Metadata. 4) Nhn vo th Spatial.

33

Bn s thy coordinate system ca parks_polygon feature class l Transverse_Mercator. Metadata cha thng tin v tng dataset: ngun gc ca d liu, trng thi x l, cht lng d liu, cc gi tr thuc tnh... Mt s thng tin c gn v qun l t ng; mt s thng tin khc l do ngi s dng b sung trc tip. Tip tc kim tra coordinate system ca elevation grid: 5) Di chuyn n State_share folder, nhn vo elevation. 6) Nhn th Spatial. Bn s thy rng elevation grid nm trong h ta thuc li chiu Lambert_Azimuthal_Equal_Area. Kim tra thng tin v coordinate system dnh cho lowland shapefile. 7) Trong State_share folder, nhn vo lowland. 8) Nhn th Spatial. Metadata ch lit k cc ta v ranh gii ca shapefile v khng c thng tin v coordinate system.

Khai bo coordinate system cho lowland shapefile Coordinate system ca lowland shapefile cng ging nh ca elevation grid bi v shapefile c to t chnh grid. Chng ta s s dng file state_dot.prj do c quan s hu nh grid cung cp khai bo coordinate system cho shapefile trong ArcCatalog: 1) Nhn chut phi vo lowland v chn Properties. 2) Nhn vo th Fields. Cc trng c trong bng thuc tnh ca shapefile s c lit k. 3) Trong danh sch Field Name, nhn vo hng cha Shape. 4) Nhn vo nt bn phi ca Spatial Reference.

34

Hp thoi Spatial Reference Properties xut hin. Chng ta s khai bo coordinate system bng cch chn h ta c nh ngha sn trong state_dot.prj: 5) Nhn Select. 6) Di chuyn n State_share folder, nhn vo state_dot.prj, v nhn Add. Tn ca coordinate system xut hin trong hp thoi Spatial Reference Properties. 7) Nhn OK ng hp thoi Spatial Reference Properties. Tn ca coordinate system xut hin trong danh sch Field Properties. 8) Nhn OK ng hp thoi Shapefile Properties. 9) Nhn View v Refresh, sau chn th Spatial kim tra li.

3. Xc nh li li chiu cho river shapefile Bc k tip l a river shapefile v cng h ta vi cc d liu khc ca Citys GreenvalleyDB geodatabase. c bit rng river shapefile nm trong h ta kinh v. Cc d liu cn li ca Citys database l thuc h ta Transverse Mercator. Qu trnh thay i li chiu shapefile gm 2 bc: Trc tin, khai bo coordinate system cho shapefile; sau , khai bo output coordinate system v thc hin vic chuyn i php chiu file. Chng ta s thc hin c hai nhim v ny trong ArcToolbox.

Khai bo coordinate system cho river shapefile 1) Trong ArcCatalog, nhn nt khi ng ArcToolbox. 2) Nhn p vo Data Management Tools\ Projections\Define Projection Wizard.

35

3) Nhn nt Browse v di chuyn n County_share folder. 4) Nhn vo river.shp v nhn Add. 5) Nhn Next v chn Select Coordinate System. C 3 cch khai bo coordinate system: s dng coordinate system c khai bo trc lu trong .prj file; hoc ly theo coordinate system ca mt tp d liu c sn bng cch khai bo tn ca dataset; hoc xc nh li chiu, h ta v cc thng s khc mt cch tng tc. Trong trng hp ny, chng ta s xc nh theo mt h ta nh ngha trc: 6) Nhn Select trn hp thoi Spatial Reference Properties. 7) Nhn p v Geographic Coordinate Systems\ North America. 8) Chn North American Datum 1983.prj v nhn Add. 9) Nhn OK ng hp thoi Spatial Reference Properties, sau chn Next. 10) Nhn Finish.

Chiu shapefile Khi khai bo mt h ta , chng ta ch vic bo cho ArcGIS bit php chiu no s c s dng cho dataset v n v ta l g. Khi ta thc hin php chiu mt dataset, ArcGIS s to mt dataset mi vi ta chuyn i t nhng n v ta hin c (trong trng hp ny l decimal degrees) sang mt h ta mi (trong trng hp ny l Transverse Mercator meters). Chng ta ch cn khai bo dataset u vo v coordinate system cn chiu n, v ArcGIS s t to dataset mi. V d liu ca chng ta nm sn trong h ta Transverse Mercator nn ch cn chn mt dataset no y ca City dng theo h ta ca dataset : 1) Trong ArcToolbox, nhn p vo Project Wizard. 36

2) Nhn nt Browse v di chuyn vo County_share folder. 3) Chn river.shp v nhn Add. 4) Nhn Next. Chng trnh hi chng ta tn v ng dn n shapefile c khai bo li chiu. Chng ta s chn river02prj trong City_share folder: 5) Nhn nt Browse v di chuyn vo project folder. Nhn p vo City_share, ri nhp river02prj vo hp Name. 6) Nhn Save. 7) Nhn Next. Chng trnh yu cu khai bo coordinate system. 8) Nhn vo Select Coordinate System. Hp thoi Spatial Reference Properties xut hin. y l hp thoi dng khai bo coordinate system cho lowland shapefile v river shapefile. Trong nhng ln trc, ta dng file tham chiu khng gian (.prj) khai bo. Ln ny, chng ta s s dng dataset c sn ly thng tin v ta . Chng ta bit rng parks feature class nm ng h ta ri, do vy ch cn sao chp n trc tip t geodatabase City: 9) Nhn Import v di chuyn n geodatabase WaterProject. 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) Chn parks_polygon v nhn Add. Nhn OK ng hp thoi. Nhn Next. Chng trnh s cho ta thy gii hn ngoi cng ca file Nhn Next, sau nhn Finish.

chiu.

37

Xut river shapefile vo geodatabase 1) Trong cy Catalog, di chuyn n City_share folder, nhn phi chut vo river02prj, chn Export, v nhn vo mc Shapefile to Geodatabase. 2) Nhn vo nt Browse bn cnh hp Output Geodatabase v di chuyn n project folder. 3) Chn WaterProject.mdb v nhn Open. 4) Nhp river03exp vo hp text box. 5) Nhn OK.

4 S ha historic park Chng ta cn phi b sung cng vin mi vo parks layer. Chng ta s s ha ng bao ca cng vin t nh qut. Sau khi m mt bn mi s ha, chng ta s nn nh vo streets layer. Sau , tin hnh s ha ng bao cng vin v b sung thuc tnh cho cng vin mi.

M mt bn mi Chng ta s s ha cng vin mi trong ArcMap. Cn phi np 4 datasets vo bn : parks feature class; nh TIFF v ranh gii ca cng vin; streets layer nn nh; v coverage parcel_2 phc v vic bt im gia ng bao cng vin v cnh tha. 1) Khi ng ArcMap. Chn new empty map v nhn OK. 2) Trong ArcCatalog, m WaterProject geodatabase. 3) Chn v ko parks_polygon vo ArcMap. 4) Thm coverage parcel_2 bng cch m City_share\land folder trong ArcCatalog, chn parcel_2 v ko vo bn .

38

5) Nhn nt Full Extent nhn thy ton b cc layers. 6) B sung streets layer vo bn . 7) M City_share\image folder, nhn v ko nh historic th vo bn . Bn s c thng bo rng layer b mt thng tin tham chiu khng gian. iu ny khng quan trng v chng ta s nn nh sau. Nhn OK ng ca s thng bo. Bn thy rng nh khng c hin th d rng c ti vo bn . l v nh ang trong h ta ca nh qut. 8) Nhn Full Extent. Sau khi bn c v li, bn c th thy cc layers ca City data ch l mt chm nh nm pha trn ca view. Cn nh qut nm pha di, nhng nh n mc khng th nhn thy c. 9) Nhn phi chut vo nh historic.tif trong ArcMap v chn Zoom To Layer. By gi chng ta c th thy nh. Trc khi nn nh, nn lu li bn . 10) 11) Chn File v nhn Save. Di chuyn n project folder, t tn bn l waterproject

v nhn Save.

Tm cng vin trn streets layer Chng ta s nn nh vo cc gc ph bng cch b sung cc lin kt (links) gia nh v streets layer: 5. Vo Window v nhn vo Overview. Mt ca s nh xut hin gip nn nh d hn. Trn nh nh du mt s ng ph bao quanh khu vc cng vin l Robin Lane, Peacock

39

Lane, v Sparrow Drive. Chng ta c th tm mt trong nhng ng ph trn nh v cng vin: 6. Vo thc n Edit v nhn Find. 7. Trong Find text box nhp Peacock. 8. Nhn vo nt bn phi ca In layers v chn streets. 9. Nhn vo nt bn phi ca In fields v chn NAME. 10. Nhn Find. Tn ng Peacock xut hin trong danh sch cc i tng tm kim c. 11. Nhn phi chut vo Peacock v chn Zoom to feature(s). Bn s c hin th vng c ng Peacock Lane. 12. Nhn Cancel ng hp thoi Find. chc chn rng chng ta chn ng v tr cn cho hin tn ng: 13. Nhn phi chut vo streets v chn Label Features. 14. S dng cng c Zoom In v mt hp bao quanh 4 gc ng, tng ng vi 4 im khng ch trn nh. 15. ng overview window. 16. Chng ta khng cn hin th parcel_2 trong bc k tip, do ng layer ny li d nhn thy cc ng ph.

Nn nh 1) Vo thc n View\Toolbars\Georeferencing. 2) Thanh cng c Georeferencing xut hin. 3) Chn Layer l historic.tif. 4) Nhn nt bn phi ca Georeferencing v chn Fit To Display. ArcMap s hin th nh va vi khung ca s. to cc lin kt chnh xc, chng ta s s dng magnifier window.

40

5) Vo thc n Window v chn Magnifier. Mt ca s nh vi phng mc nh l 400% xut hin. 6) Nhn vo nt Add Control Points trn thanh cng c Georeferencing. Con tr chuyn sang dng du thp. 7) Ko v a vng trung tm ca magnifier window n im nh du gc phi trn c nhn l 602, sau nh phm chut. 8) a trung tm ca con tr n im nh du v nhn tri chut. Mt im khng ch mu xanh c thm vo nh. Di chuyn con tr ra khi im khng ch, nhng khng c nhn tri chut na. Mt ng k s vch theo con tr t im khng ch. chnh l lin kt to kt ni vi gc ng tng ng. 9) a tm con tr n gc ca ng Robin v ng Sparrow trn streets layer v nhn tri chut. Trc khi thm cc lin kt khc, chng ta xem qua bng link table. 10) Nhn vo nt View Link Table trn thanh cng c Georeferencing. i vi mi lin kt, bng lit k cc ta x v y cho im ngun (nh qut) v ta ca im tng ng trn bn (streets layer). Nu lm sai, chng ta cn loi b lin kt v chn li im. 11) Nhn vo Cancel ng Link Table. Chng ta tip tc b sung cc lin kt khc. Sau khi b sung c 3 lin kt th nh qut dch chuyn v chnh xc v tr trn bn . 12) Nhn nt bn phi ca Georeferencing v chn Update Georeferencing ghi li nh. Lc ny, chng ta khng cn im khng ch na. 13) Nhn nt bn phi ca Georeferencing v chn Delete Control Points. Sau ng thanh cng c Georeferencing li.

41

Hin th park boundary v parcels Chng ta cn nhn thy nh nm di cc tha s ha, do cn t li ng bin tha: 1) Nhn vo k hiu legend nm di parcel_2. 2) Trong th Options ca Symbol Selector chn Fill Color l No Color. 3) Chn Outline Color l mu . 4) Nhn OK. 5) nh du vo hp bn cnh ca parcel_2 v li tha. 6) Nhn chut phi vo streets v nh du xa Label Features tt tn ng. 7) Tt streets layer. 8) Vo thc n File v chn Save ghi li bn . Chun b s ha park boundary Trc tin, cn thit t cc thng s s ha: 1) S dng cng c Zoom In phng to vng park boundary. n y, chng ta to bookmark nh v tr cn s ha. 2) Vo thc n View\Bookmarks v Nhn Create. t tn bookmark l Park Boundary v nhn OK. 3) Nhn vo nt Editor Toolbar. 4) Vo Editor v nhn Start Editing. Hp thoi Start Editing c bt ln. Chng ta s b sung mt i tng cho parks polygon feature class ca WaterProject geodatabase, do cn chn database ny bin tp. 5) Chn project\WaterProject.mdb, ri nhn OK. Thanh cng c Editor cho thy rng target layer (layer m chng ta s bin tp) l parks_polygon v cng vic hin thi l Create New Feature. By

42

gi, s thit t mi trng bt im ng bao mi s c ging chnh xc vi cc ng bao hin c ca tha. 6) Vo Editor ri chn Snapping. 7) nh du vo ct Vertex ca parcel_2 layer. iu ny cho php bt im vo cc vertices ca cnh tha. 8) ng hp thoi Snapping Environment. Gi tr snapping tolerance s xc nh khong cch m con tr c th bt dnh vo i tng. Chng ta c th thay i gi tr ca snapping tolerance bng cch chn Options t thc n Editor. S ha ng bao cng vin 1) Chn cng c Create New Feature. 2) Di chuyn con tr bin tp v pha gc ng-Bc ca Homestead Historic Park. Bt dnh vo ng bao tha hin c. 3) Nhn tri chut vo gc ng-bc bt u v. 4) Di chuyn con tr v gc ng-nam ca cng vin, ri nhn tri chut vo vetex di. 5) Di chuyn con tr v gc ty-nam ca cng vin. y c hai vertices. Nhn tri chut vo vertex nm di.

t vertex di mt gc v di no y on k tip ca ng bao cng vin ch bng 1/2 di ca cnh tha. Trong nh qut c ghi ch di tng cnh. Chng ta c th s dng cc ghi ch ny t cc vertices chnh xc. 1) t con tr gn ng bao ca parcel v gn pha gc ca cng vin. Nhn chut phi v chn Parallel. 2) Nhn chut phi mt ln na v chn Angle/Length. 3) t Leng bng 98. Nhn Enter. 43

4) Di chuyn con tr gn im gia ca ng bao tha pha bc. Nhn chut phi v chn Parallel. 5) Nhn chut phi mt ln na v chn Angle/Length. 6) t Leng bng 100.5 v nhn Enter.

Dng ng vung gc on k tip s vung gc vi on va v. 1) Di chuyn con tr dc theo ng thng ng v hng bc ca cnh tha, Nhn phi chut v chn Perpendicular. 2) Nhn tri chut v cnh tha. Thm im ngay ti giao im ca cc ng 1) Nhn nt cnh cng c Create New Feature v chn cng c Intersection. 2) t con tr gn on va v. Mt ng k tm thi s ging dc theo on va v. Chng ta s ko con tr sao cho ng k tm thi ct ng bao tha pha bc, nhn tri chut c nh intersection line. 3) t con tr gn ng bao pha bc ca tha. Chng ta s to ng vung gc th hai. Nhn tri chut.

Kt thc s ha 1) Nhn tri chut vo gc ng-bc ca tha, ri nhn phi chut v chn Finish Sketch. 2) ng magnifier window nu n cn m.

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Bin tp thuc tnh cho i tng Chng ta kt thc s ha ng bao cng vin, by gi c th cp nht cc thuc tnh cho i tng mi trong database: 1) Nhn vo nt Attributes trn thanh Editor. 2) t Name l Homestead Historic. 3) t Maintenance l City v Nhn Enter. ng hp Attributes li. 4) Nhn chut phi vo parks_polygon v chn Label Features. Cng vin mi s c gn nhn l tn ca cng vin. 5) Vo Editor, chn Save Edits. 6) Tip theo, chn Stop Editing. Qua v d nh ny bn c th thy rng Editor c rt nhiu cng c xy dng i tng. Trc khi tip tc bi hc, loi layer khng cn thit na nh historic.tif. 7) Nhn chut phi vo historic.tif v chn Remove. 8) By gi khng cn hin th park na, do vy b du chn trong hp vung bn cnh park. 9) Vo thc n File v chn Save ghi li cng vic.

5. Nhp hai parcel layers li thnh mt layer i khi d liu m chng ta cn li nm nhng tp d liu lin k nhau. Trong trng hp ca chng ta, d liu v tha t m ta s s dng trong phn tch c lu trong nhng shapefiles nm k nhau. Cn phi nhp chng li thnh mt layer n d chn tha thch hp. Trc tin, cho hin th vng bao ph ca cc tha t: 1) Nhn chut phi vo parcel_2 v chn Zoom To Layer. Tip theo, chng ta s b sung parcel layer khc vo bn .

45

2) Nhn vo nt Add Data, di chuyn n City_share\land folder, nhn vo parcel_1 v Nhn Add. 3) Vo thc n Tools v chn GeoProcessing Wizard. 4) Chn Merge layers together v nhn Next. 5) Chn parcel_1 v parcel_2 l nhng layers cn nhp. 6) Nhn vo nt Browse nm bn phi ca hp Specify the output v ch ng dn n project\Analysis folder. 7) t Name l parcel01mrg, sau nhn Save. 8) Nhn vo Finish nhp parcels. By gi cc parcels c nhp thnh mt layer n. 9) Chng ta khng cn cc layers parcel_1 v parcel_2 na, do vy chn c hai layers v loi khi bn . 10) Vo File v chn Save ghi li bn .

Trong chng ny chng ta thc hin cng tc chun b d liu cho phn tch v hon thin c s d liu cho d n. Chun b d liu bao gm cc cng tc chuyn dng d liu, thay i h ta , qun l cc thuc tnh, bin tp cc c trng... l mt phn rt quan trng ca d n GIS. Cht lng ca qu trnh phn tch v ca bn ph thuc vo cht lng ca d liu. Trong chng k tip chng ta s thc hin vic phn tch tm cc tha t tha mn nhng yu cu t ra xc nh c v tr ca trm x l nc thi.

46

Chng 5: Thc hin phn tch

C nhiu phng php khc nhau t c kt qu cui cng. Trong d n ny, cc tha thch hp cho trm x l phi p ng cc yu cu ca chnh quyn s ti v phi l loi t trng, cha s dng. Yu cu v v tr ri vo hai phm tr: th nht l cc tha t xy dng trm x l phi nm cch xa hay l nm ngoi cng vin, khu dn c, vng trng; th hai l cc tha t ny phi nm gn sng, vng c cao thp. Nh vy, cc tiu ch la chn ny chia i tng tha t thnh hai loi: khng c chp nhn v chp nhn c. Cch tip cn ca chng ta l tm nhng tha nm ngoi vng khng c chp nhn, sau s tch ra cc tha ri vo vng chp nhn c. Bc k tip, t nhng tha c chn s tm nhng tha cn trng. Chnh quyn thnh ph yu cu trm x l phi nm cnh ng giao thng v gn cc im nc thi hin c. Chng ta s tm v chn nhng tha nm trong vng 50m cch ng giao thng. Chng ta cng s tm v nht ring cc tha nm trong vng 500m v 1000m cch

47

im c nc thi. Sau cng, chng ta s tm nhng tha c din tch t nht l 150,000 m2 xy dng trm x l.

1. Chun b cho phn tch M ArcCatalog, ArcMap v m bn ca water project. Bn ca bn hin c parks_polygon, streets, v parcel01mrg layers, trong , ch c parcels l c hin th. Chng ta s thc hin cc phn tch trong ArcMap. Kt hp river buffer vi lowland layer v kt hp cc buffers ca park v residential vi flood zone layer s gim s ln chn la tha thch hp. Trc ht, chng ta to hai layers ca vng chp nhn c v vng khng c chp nhn, sau s tin hnh tip 3 bc chn lc cn li.

Tm vng c php xy dng trm x l nc thi Trong giai on ny, chng ta s ly buffer v kt hp cc i tng tm vng m bt buc trm x l phi xy dng (tc l phi khng c cch sng qu 1,000m, v thuc vng t thp). Chng ta s to mt buffer 1,000m quanh sng, ri kt hp buffer vi lowland layer.

Ly Buffer cho sng

S dng Buffer Wizard ca ArcMap to buffer cho river03exp vi khong cch m rng l 1,000m v t tn cho layer mi to l river04buf: 1) Xa du hin th parcel01mrg layer. 2) Trong cy Catalog, chn riv03exp trong WaterProject geodatabase v ko n th vo ArcMap. 3) Nhn nt Full Extent thy ton b sng.

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4) Vo thc n Tools v chn Buffer Wizard. 5) Nhn vo la chn trc The features of a layer, nhn nt s xung v chn river03exp lm layer ly buffer. Nhn Next. 6) Chn distance l 1000. t Distance units l m. Nhn Next. 7) Chn Yes cho Dissolve the barriers between buffers. 8) Chn ng dn n river04buf. 9) Nhn vo Finish. ArcMap s to v hin th buffer. 10) Ko river03exp layer ln trn river04buf layer. Analysis folder v t tn layer l

Xp chng river buffer v lowland area

Bc k tip, dng GeoProcessing Wizard kt hp lowland layer v river buffer to low_river, l vng m trm x l phi ri vo : 1) B sung lowland shapefile vo bn bng cch ko t State_share folder trong cy Catalog. ArcMap thng bo rng lowland shapefile thuc h ta khc vi cc d liu ca bn . Nhn OK ng ca s Warning. 2) Vo thc n Tools v chn GeoProcessing Wizard. 3) Nhn vo la chn Intersect two layers. 4) Nhn Next. 5) Chn lowland lm input layer. 6) Chn river04buf lm overlay layer. 7) Ch ng dn n Analysis folder v t tn layer l low_river. 8) Nhn Finish. Layer mi s c hin th bao gm vng chng lp gia river buffer v lowland layer. 9) Khng cho hin th low_river, river03exp, lowland, v river04buf na v chng ta khng cn chng trong bc k tip. 10) Vo File v chn Save ghi li cng vic. 49

Tm vng khng c php xy dng trm x l nc thi By gi chng ta s tm nhng vng m trm x l bt buc phi nm ngoi (nhng vng trong vng 150m cch cng vin v khu dn c v nhng vng trong khu ngp nc). Chng ta s to buffer 150m quanh parks. Sau , chn cc tha c dn c t parcel layer v to buffer 150m quanh cc tha . Tip n, kt hp 2 buffer layers li v nhp vi flood zone layer. Layer kt qu s l nhng vng m d n khng c php nm trong y.

Ly Buffer cho parks

1) Cho hin th parks_polygon. 2) Nhn chut phi vo parks_polygon v tt Label Features. 3) Vo thc n Tools v chn Buffer Wizard. 4) Chn parks_polygon lm layer cn ly buffer. Sau nhn Next. 5) Ly buffer distance l 150, nhn Next. 6) Trn form k tip nhn Yes cho la chn Dissolve between buffers. 7) Nhn vo la chn create buffers only outside the polygon(s). ArcMap cung cp nhiu la chn to buffer: bn trong hay bn ngoi ng bao ca polygons. 8) Nhn vo la chn create the buffers in a new layer, m bo ng dn n Analysis folder, t tn layer l park02buf. Sau nhn Finish.

Chn cc tha dn c
Ln ny chng ta s to buffer cho cc i tng c chn l khu dn c t parcel01mrg layer. Chng ta cn phi bit m s ca tha dn c l g chn ng. lm c iu ny chng ta s s dng metadata:

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1) Trong ArcCatalog, chn parcel_1 trong City_share\land folder v nhn vo th Metadata. 2) Nhn vo mi tn Stylesheet ri chn FGDC FAQ. FGDC FAQ do Federal Geographic Data Committee pht trin gii thiu metadata dng tp hp nhng cu hi thng gp. Dng format ny cho php chng ta thy nhng gi tr cho tng thuc tnh trong mt layer. 3) Nhn chn mc 7. How does the data set describe geographic features?. Nhng nh ngha v gi tr ca thuc tnh s dng t c lit k. Bn c th thy rng t c m s l 510 (cn t trng l 713, 723, v 732). Trc khi chn cc tha t , chng ta cho thu nh parcel layer. 4) Nhn chut phi vo parcel01mrg trong ArcMap v chn Zoom To Layer. 5) Vo thc n Selection v chn Select By Attributes. 6) Trong hp thoi Select By Attributes, chn parcel01mrg l layer cn chn lc. Phng php chn mc nh l Create a new selection. Chng ta s to query chn tha t . 7) Nhn p vo LANDUSE. 8) Nhn nt du bng (=). 9) Nhn p 510 (m ca t ) trong Unique values. 10) Nhn Apply. Cc tha t chuyn sang mu chn. ng hp Select By Attributes. Bc tip theo l to buffers quanh cc tha t .

To Buffer quanh cc tha c chn

1) Vo thc n Tools v chn Buffer Wizard.

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2) Chn parcel01mrg. V layer c cc c trng ang c chn nn la chn Use only the selected features c bt t ng v cho bit c 14 tha c chn. 3) Nhn Next. 4) t khong cch ly buffer l 150m, sau nhn Next. 5) nh du vo cc la chn Dissolve barriers between buffers v create buffers only outside the polygon(s). 6) Ch ng dn n Analysis folder, t tn layer l res01buf. Sau nhn Finish. 7) Vo thc n Selection v chn Clear Selected Features loi b vic chn cc tha t . 8) Khng cho hin th cc layers parcel01mrg parks_polygon na.

Chng xp buffers ca cng vin v t

Kt hp cc buffers ca cng vin v t tm vng nm trong vng 150m ca cng vin v t : 1) Vo thc n Tools v chn GeoProcessing Wizard. 2) Chn Union two layers. 3) Nhn Next. 4) Chn park02buf lm union layer v res01buf l overlay layer. 5) Ch ng dn n Analysis folder v t tn cho output layer l respark_buf. 6) Nhn Finish. Bc k tip, chng ta s kt hp layer va to vi flood zone.

Chng xp residential/park buffers v flood zone

1) Chn v ko flood_zone layer t Catalog vo bn . 2) Vo thc n Tools v chn GeoProcessing Wizard. 52

3) Chn Union two layers, ri nhn Next. 4) t layer to union l respark_buf v overlay layer l flood_zone. 5) t tn cho output layer l respark_flood. 6) Nhn Finish. 7) Nhn respark_buf chn n, nhn gi Ctrl, v chn res01buf, park02buf c 3 layers c chn. 8) Nhn chut phi v chn Remove. 9) Vo thc n File v nhn Save. Tm tha p ng cc tiu ch t ra Ti thi im ny, chng ta c 2 layers chn cc tha p ng y cc yu cu t ra. Trc tin, chng ta s chn cc tha nm ngoi respark_flood polygons, sau s chn tip t kt qu va ri cc tha nm trong low_river polygon.

Chn cc parcels nm ngoi residential/park buffer v vng flood zone

S dng Select By Location chn cc tha giao vi respark_flood layer. Cc tha c chn s nm hon ton hoc mt phn trong flood zone hay nm trong buffer ca khu dn c hay cng vin. Sau , chng ta s s dng switch chn cc tha nm ngoi cc vng ny. Cc tha c chn lc ny s nm ngoi flood zone v nm cch khu dn c 150m. 1) Cho hin th parcel01mrg layer. 2) Vo thc n Selection v chn Select By Location. 3) Chn parcel01mrg. Xc nh quan h l Intersect. 4) Chn respark_flood. 5) Nhn Apply, sau nhn Close ng hp thoi Select By Location. ArcMap s chn cc tha nm hon ton hay mt phn trong respark_flood polygons. V chng ta mun chn cc tha 53

nm ngoi respark_flood polygons, do chng ta s bt switch chuyn ngc la chn. 6) Chut phi vo parcel01mrg, vo Selection v chn Switch Selection.

Chn cc tha nm trong river buffer v lowland area

Bc k tip l chn t tp hp cc tha c chn va ri nhng tha nm trong lowland area v nm trong 1,000m cch sng. Chng ta li s dng Select By Location: 1) Cho hin th low_river layer. 2) Vo Selection v chn Select By Location. 3) Chn Select from the currently selected features in. 4) Chn layer th nht l parcel01mrg. 5) Chn kiu quan h l Have their center in. 6) Chn low_river l layer th hai. 7) Nhn Apply v chn Close ng hp thoi Select By Location. ArcMap chn cc tha ri vo low_river polygon. C th thy rng cc tha c chn nm ngoi respark_flood area v nm trong low_river area. Bc k tip, chng ta s tm cc tha trng t nhng tha t c chn ny.

2. Tm cc tha cn trng Tm theo thuc tnh loi t (trng LANDUSE) Trong hai ln la chn trc y chng ta s dng phng php chn theo v tr. Ln ny, chng ta s chn trn thuc tnh, c th l s dng m v loi t. Chng ta s to truy vn chn cc tha c m loi t ln hn hay bng 700 v nh hn hay bng 799:

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1) Vo Selection v chn Select By Attributes. 2) Xc nh parcel01mrg lm layer cn chn. 3) Nhn vo Select from current selection. 4) Nhn p vo LANDUSE trong ct Fields. 5) Chn du hiu >= v g 700. 6) Nhn And. 7) Nhn p LANDUSE trong ct Fields. 8) Chn du <= v g 799. Cu truy vn s c dng sau: LANDUSE >= 700 AND LANDUSE <= 799 9) Nhn vo Apply. ArcMap s chn cc tha c m loi t l t trng v i mu cc tha c chn. 10) ng hp thoi Select By Attributes.

Xut cc tha c chn ra shapefile mi 1) Nhn chut phi vo parcel01mrg, di chuyn n Data v chn Export Data. 2) Hp thoi Export Data hin ln. Bi v trong parcel01mrg layer hin ang c cc i tng c chn nn la chn Selected features ang c bt. 3) Ch ng dn n Analysis folder. t tn parcel02sel cho lp i tng. 4) Nhn OK v tr li Yes cho cu nhc c a kt qu vo bn khng. 5) Vo Selection v chn Clear Selected Features b cc la chn trong parcel01mrg layer. 6) Vo thc n File v nhn Save.

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3. Tm cc tha thch hp nm gn ng v gn im c nc thi i n quyt nh cui cng v v tr ca trm x l nc thi, Hi ng thnh ph mun bit nhng tha no l thch hp nm trong vng 50m cch ng v nm trong vng 500 v 1,000m ca nhng im c nc thi. Chng c xem l nhng tha thch hp nht. Chng ta s chn cc tha nm gn nhng i tng ny v gn m cho chng. Bng cch ny, chng ta s hin th c kt qu bng m mu trn bn : 1) Thm 2 trng vo bng thuc tnh ca parcel02sel l: ROAD_DIST v JUNC_DIST. 2) Gn khong cch cho ng: 3) Chn cc tha nm trong vng 50m cch ng. 4) Gn gi tr 50 cho trng ROAD_DIST i vi nhng tha ang c chn. 5) Gn khong cch cho wastewater junction: Ly Buffer cho junction ra 500m v 1,000m. Chn buffer 1,000m v s dng n chn cc tha nm trong vng 1,000m ca junction. Gn gi tr 1,000 cho trng JUNC_DIST i vi cc tha ang c chn. Chn buffer 500m v s dng n chn cc tha nm trong vng 500m junction. Gn gi tr 500 cho JUNC_DIST i vi cc tha ang c chn.

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Thm trng cho parcels layer Trc khi tm cc tha gn ng v gn im c nc thi, chng ta s b sung 2 trng cho bng thuc tnh ca parcel02sel lu gi tr v khong cch s c gn: 1) Nhn chut phi vo parcel02sel v chn Open Attribute Table. 2) Nhn vo nt Options v chn Add Field. 3) t tn trng l ROAD_DIST. Chn type l short integer. 4) Nhn OK. 5) Nhn vo Options v Add Field mt ln na. 6) t tn trng l JUNC_DIST, chp nhn kiu trng l s nguyn ri nhn OK. 7) Cun sang phi thy trng mi 8) ng bng thuc tnh li.

Tm nhng tha nm trong vng 50m ca ng 1) Khng cho cc layers khc hin th ngoi tr parcel02sel. 2) Cho hin th streets layer. 3) Vo thc n Selection v chn Select By Location. Chng ta s chn t layer parcels cc i tng nm trong mt khong cch no y i vi layer streets. 4) Nhn vo mi tn xung bn cnh hp I want to v chn Select features from. 5) Nhn chn parcel02sel. 6) Xc nh kiu quan h l Are within a distance of v nhn chn streets. 7) nh du vo chc nng Apply a buffer to the features in streets. 8) Nhp gi tr 50 xc nh khong cch ly buffer. 9) Nhn Apply. 57

10)

Nhn vo Close ng hp thoi Select By Location.

Gn gi tr cho trng ROAD_DIST gn gi tr hay cp nht gi tr thuc tnh cho bng thuc tnh ca layer, chng ta cn m layer bin tp. C th bin tp thuc tnh bng cch nhn nt Attributes trn thanh Editor, nh chng ta lm khi s ha historic park, hoc l bin tp trc tip trong bng thuc tnh nh cch lm di y. 1) Trn thanh Editor, nhn vo mi tn bn cnh Editor v chn Start Editing. 2) Chn Analysis folder v nhn OK. 3) Chn Target layer l parcel02sel. 4) Nhn chut phi vo parcel02sel v chn Open Attribute Table. 5) Cun sang phi, nhn chut phi trng ROAD_DIST v chn Calculate Values. Hp thoi Field Calculator hin ln. V chng ta ang trng ROAD_DIST, nn ArcMap bt u cu lnh bng ROAD_DIST =. 6) G 50 hon tt cu lnh. 7) Nhn OK. 8) Chn Stop Editing. Tr li Yes ghi li cng vic.

o v gn khong cch cho wastewater junction Chng ta cn tm nhng tha nm trong vng 500m v 1,000m ca nhng im nc thi. lm c iu ny, chng ta s s dng mt s cc cng c trc y nh: to buffer, chn i tng v bin tp thuc tnh. Thay v ch tng bc, chng ti ch lit k cc bc bn t lm: B sung wastewater junction coverage vo bn .

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 S dng Buffer Wizard ly buffer cho junction vi khong cch l 500m v 1,000m. Chng ta s khai bo rng buffer s c to ging nh nhiu vng lin tip nhau. Trng hp ny s c 2 vng, v khong cch gia chng l 500m. Bn c th dng la chn Not to dissolve between the buffers. Bn s to mt layer mi trong Analysis folder v t tn l junction02buf. Thay i symbology cho junction02buf layer (s dng no color cho fill color). Bc k tip l chn cc tha v gn khong cch. Dng cng c Select Features chn buffer 500 v 1000 trn ha. Sau s dng Select By Location chn cc tha trong parcel02sel m tm ca cc tha nm trong cc i tng ca junction02buf. ng hp Selection li. Khi ng bin tp parcel02sel. M bng thuc tnh ca parcel02sel v gn gi tr 1000 cho JUNC_DIST i vi cc tha c chn. Ghi li cc thay i, nhng cha kt thc qu trnh bin tp. o switch cho junction02buf cc i tng nm trong buffer 0- 500m c chn. Sau chn theo v tr cc tha c tm nm trong cc i tng ang c chn ca junction02buf. Gn gi tr 500 cho trng JUNC_DIST cho cc tha c chn. Kt thc bin tp v ghi li cng vic. Sau , ghi li bn .

4. Tm cc tha thch hp c din tch theo yu cu Bc cui cng trong phn tch l tm tha c din tch ln xy dng trm x l. Din tch ti thiu l 150,000m2. Chng ta s kim tra bng thuc tnh ca parcel02sel tm tha c din tch theo yu cu.

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Sp xp cc tha theo din tch 1) Cun n trng AREA. 2) Nhn chut phi vo trng AREA v chn Sort Descending. Khng c tha no c gi tr gn vi 150,000m2. Tha ln nht l 60,000 m2. V vy, chng ta phi kim tra xem c nhng tha thch hp no nm lin k nhau v cho tng din tch l 150,000m2. Tm cc tha lin k vi din tch tng l 150,000m2 1) Nhn chut phi vo parcel02sel v chn Zoom To Layer, sau tt junction02buf. 2) Vo thc n View v chn Identify Results. 3) Chn parcel02sel. 4) Nhn vo cng c Identify. 5) Nhn vo tha lin k v nm pha ty ca wastewater junction. Tha ny c din tch nh hn 37,000m2. 6) Nhn vo tha nm k y, pha tri, din tch khong 38,500m2. 7) Nhn vo nt Select Features. 8) Nhn tri chut v ko mt hp xung quanh 4 tha lin nhau quanh y. 9) Nhn chut phi vo ct AREA trong bng v chn Statistics. Hp thoi Selection Statistics hin ln. ArcMap s tnh tng din tch cho cc tha c chn l khong 158,000m2. 10) 11) ng hp Selection Statistics v bng thuc tnh. Vo Selection v chn Clear Selected Features.

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5. Xem li kt qu phn tch m bo rng khng c tha no c din tch ln m v l do no khng c chn, chng ta kim tra li kt qu phn tch. Chng ta s chn theo thuc tnh nhng tha c din tch ln hn 150,000m2, sau cho hin th cng vi cc layers khc xem c tha mn cc tiu ch ra khng. Tm tha bt k c din tch ln hn hay bng 150,000m2 1) Tt parcel02sel v streets. Cho hin th parcel01mrg. 2) Nhn chut phi vo parcel01mrg v chn Zoom To Layer. 3) Vo thc n Selection v chn Select By Attributes. 4) Chn parcel01mrg. Chp nhn phng php chn mc nh l Create a new selection. 5) Nhn p vo trng AREA, chn >=, v nhp 150000 to truy vn. 6) Nhn Apply, sau chn Close ng hp thoi. C 3 tha c din tch hn hn 150,000m2. Trc tin, kim tra xem tha c phi l t trng khng. 7) Nhn chut phi vo parcel01mrg v chn Open Attribute Table. 8) Nhn vo nt Selected cui bng thy cc tha c chn. Hai trong s 3 tha khng c m loi t, cn mt tha th c m l 732-m t trng. 9) Chn tha l t trng, ng bng thuc tnh v quan st tha trn bn . Hai tha nm gc tri trn ca vng nghin cu b loi v khng phi l t trng. Chng ta phi kim tra li ti liu ca s a chnh xem liu 2 tha y c phi l t trng khng, bi v c th do sai st m tha cha c gn m loi t.

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10)

ng bng thuc tnh li.

Hin th cc tha ang chn vi cc layers tiu ch 1) Cho hin th respark_flood layer. Ta thy rng 2 tha gc tri trn hu nh nm trong layer ny, tc l bao gm c flood zone v buffers ca cng vin v dn c. 2) a flood_zone layer ln trn respark_flood. By gi thy r rng 2 tha ny nm ngoi buffers ca cng vin v dn c, nhng li nm trong flood zone. V vy, du chng l t trng th cng b loi khi d n. 3) Tt respark_flood v flood_zone. Cho hin th low_river. Hn phn na tha th 3 l nm ngoi vng ny. 4) Cho hin lowland layer, sau tt low_river. Tha th ba hon ton nm trong lowland layer, do n s nm ngoi buffer ca sng. 5) Tt lowland v cho hin river04buf layer. Ch mt phn nh ca tha l nm trong buffer ca sng, v tha nm lin k vi mt im nc thi. Chng ta s i mu tha ny trn bn v bo cho hi ng thnh ph bit y c th l mt la chn c th xem xt c (alternate site).

To layer cha alternate site 1) Chn cng c Select Features. 2) Nhn chut trong alternate site (nhng ngoi buffer ca sng) chn tha. 3) Nhn chut phi vo parcel01mrg, vo thc n Selection v chn Create Layer From Selected Features. ArcMap s thm layer cha tha t vo bn . 62

4) Chn layer parcel01mrg selection. 5) t li tn cho layer l alternate site v nhn Enter. y ch l layer tm thi, ch cha ghi thnh layer file. Chng ta s thay i k hiu cho n v b sung vo final map. Dn sch table of contents Trn bn kt qu chng ta s khng dng cc analysis layers na, do vy cn dn sch TOC: 1) Chn flood_zone, sau nhn gi phm Ctrl v chn respark_flood, low_river, lowland, river04buf, v parks_polygon chn tt c. 2) Nhn chut phi v chn Remove. Trn bn ch cn: alternate site junction02buf junction point parcel02sel river03exp parcel01mrg streets 3) Vo thc n File v chn Save ghi li bn . Giai on phn tch ca d n kt thc. Bi tp ny trnh by vi chng ta mt hng tip cn gii quyt bi ton bng mt s cng c phn tch GIS thng thng: to buffer, chng xp cc layer v thc hin cc thao tc la chn. Trong chng k tip chng ta s to bn biu din kt qu phn tch trnh vi hi ng thnh ph v gii thiu vi cng chng.

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Chng 6: Trnh by kt qu
Trong chng ny chng ta s to ti liu biu din kt qu phn tch gm 3 bn . Mt bn cho thy mi lin quan v a l ca nhng tha thch hp i vi ton b thnh ph. Mt bn khc biu din ton b cc tha thch hp. Bn th ba s trnh by nhng tha thch hp di nhng k hiu khc nhau ty theo v tr ca tha vi im nc thi v ng giao thng. Chng ta s ghi ch cc tha ny bng s hiu xc nh tha. Chng ta cng to mt bo co thng k v s hiu tha, din tch, v khong cch t tha thch hp n im c nc thi. Bn cng c y cc thnh phn khc nh thc t l, ta , bng k hiu...

1) Thit k bn Trong d n ny, chng ta s to 3 bn trn mt khung giy trnh cho hi ng thnh ph: 1) Mt bn tng th ca thnh ph cho thy v tr ca khu vc nghin cu v bao gm cc layers sau: ng giao thng (streets.lyr). Sng (river03exp). nh cao (elevation_grid.lyr).

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 Ranh gii khu vc nghin cu (graphic rectangle). 2) Mt bn v khu vc nghin cu trnh by cc tha thch hp chn cho d n v gm cc layers: Cc tha thch hp c t mu ring bit (parcel02sel). Cc tha cn li c t mu khc (parcel01mrg). V tr cn xem xt la chn c chi nt gch (alternate site). im tp trung nc thi (junction point). Buffers 500- v 1,000-m xung quanh v tr tp trung nc thi (junction02buf). Sng (river03exp). 3) Mt bn cc tha thch hp nht gm cc layers: Cc tha thch hp nht c t mu ph thuc theo khong cch n ng giao thng v im tp trung nc thi v c gn nhn bng s hiu tha (parcel02sel). Cc tha thch hp cn li c t mu nht (parcel02sel). V tr cn xem xt c gch cho v nh nhn bng s hiu tha v din tch (alternate site). Ngoi ra, bn cn c nhng i tng ph tr nh sau: Thng k cc tha thch hp nht. Cc tiu ch la chn ca d n. Ta ca bn . Thc t l cho tng data frame. Bng k hiu cho tng data frame. Mi tn ch hng Bc. Logo.

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 Thng tin tham chiu ca bn . Di y l phc tho trnh by trang bn :

Sau y l cc bc chnh cn lm: To 3 data frames. Chnh sa data frames trnh by cc layers theo yu cu. To v b sung thng k tha. B sung khi vn bn v tiu ch chn ca d n. B sung bng k hiu v thc t l cho tng data frame. B sung bn v cc i tng bn khc (mi tn ch phng Bc, ta , logo, thng tin tham chiu bn , khung).

2. Thit t trang bn Chng ta s lm vic trong data view v layout view to bn . Chuyn t data view sang layout view Cch chuyn nh sau: Vo thc n View v chn Layout View.

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Thanh cng c Layout xut hin. Layout view cho php ta hin th mt s data frames trn mt trang n v lm vic trc tip vi cc i tng ca bn . Mt data frame l mt cch t chc cc layers trn mt trang bn . Hin ti ch c mt data frame trn trang (hin th di dng mt khung ch nht). Thanh cng c Layout gm cc cng c thu, phng v di chuyn trn trang. Cc cng c trn thanh Tools cho php ngi s dng lm vic vi d liu trong data frame.

Thay i kch thc trang 1) Nhn chut phi vo trang, pha ngoi ca data frame, v chn Page Setup (nu bn nhn chut phi bn trong data frame, bn s m hp Properties ca data frame). Hp Page Setup hin ln. Hp Same as Printer c nh du, bo rng ArcMap s t ng tm kch thc trang ca my in. 2) B la chn Same as Printer. 3) Nhn vo nt s xung bn cnh Standard Page Sizes v chn D. By gi trang in s c kch thc 22*34 inches. 4) Chn Landscape, sau nhn OK. ArcMap hiu chnh li kch thc v hng ca trang. Chng ta s s dng data frame ny trnh by cc tha thch hp. Trong bc k tip, chng ta s thay i kch thc ca data frame v sao chp n trnh by City overview map.

Thay i kch thc ca data frame cho nh hn 1) Nhn vo nt Select Elements. 2) Nhn chut phi vo gia data frame v chn Properties. 3) Chn th Size and Position. 67

4) Nhn vo anchor point pha tri trn trong bng Position. 5) Trong bng Size t Width l 12 v Height l 9. Nhn OK. Data frame s thay i kch thc, v cc layers c chnh va khung trong ca data frame.

Sao chp data frame Sao chp data frame cha City overview map: 1) Vo thc n Edit v chn Copy. 2) Vo Edit mt ln na v nhn Paste. 3) Nhn chn data frame v ko bn copy sang pha phi ca data frame ban u. C hai data frames u hin th nhng layers ging nhau. Chng ta s dng data frame mi trnh by v tr ca d n v data frame c trnh by tt c cc tha thch hp. Chng ta s b sung mt data frame th ba trnh by cc tha thch hp nht, nhng trc ht s tin hnh i tn hai data frame ban u.

i tn data frame ang c chn C hai data frames trong TOC u c cng ta l Layers do chng ta thc hin thao tc sao chp nh trnh by trn. Hin ti, data frame va mi c dn ang c chn, ta s i tn nh sau: 1) Cun TOC thy data frame sau cng. 2) Nhn vo ta Layers chn n. 3) Nhn vo ch Layers mt ln na i tn. 4) t tn l City Overview v nhn Enter.

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i tn data frame ban u Lp li cc bc trn v t tn cho data frame gc l Study Area v Nhn Enter.

Thm mt data frame mi 1) Vo thc n Insert v chn Data Frame. Data frame mi xut hin tn l New Data Frame 2. 2) Chn New Data Frame. 3) i tn l Best Parcels, sau nhn Enter. 4) Nhn chut phi bn trong data frame v chn Properties. 5) Chn th Size and Position. 6) t Width bng 12, Height bng 9. Nhn OK. 7) Ko data frame xung di Study Area data frame. Hin ti, data frame khng c d liu. Chng ta s sao chp cc layers cn t Study Area data frame, sau s thay i symbology. 8) Vo thc n File v chn Save ghi li bn .

3. To overview map

Loi b nhng layers khng cn thit khi data frame 1) Chn City Overview data frame. 2) Vo thc n View v chn Data View. 3) Di chuyn n City Overview data frame. 4) Chn alternate site. 5) Nhn gi Ctrl v chn cc layers sau y: junction02buf

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 junction point parcel02sel parcel01mrg 6) Nhn chut phi v chn Remove. 7) Cho hin cc layers river03exp v streets. 8) Nhn vo Full Extent.

Trnh by cc tuyn ng chnh 1) Nhn p vo layer streets trong City Overview data frame. 2) Vo th Definition Query. 3) Nhn vo nt Query Builder. Cc ph ca Greenvalley c phn thnh 3 lp trong database. Lp 3 v 4 l nhng ng ln; lp 5 l nhng ng nh. Chng ta s chn cc ph ln. 4) Nhn p vo [Type]. 5) Chn du <=. 6) Nhn p vo 4, sau nhn OK. 7) Nhn OK cho Layer Properties. 8) Nhn chut phi vo streets v chn Zoom To Layer.

Thay i k hiu cho ng 1) Trong TOC, nhn vo line symbol nm di streets layer. 2) Chn kiu Major Road v nhn OK.

Hin th layers river v elevation 1) Nhn vo line symbol ca river03exp layer. 2) Chn k hiu River v nhn OK.

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3) Nhn vo nt Add Data, di chuyn n City_layers folder, chn elevation_grid.lyr. Nhn Add. Tr li OK cho cu nhc. City Overview s hin th cc layers sau y: river03exp streets elevation 4) Vo thc n View v chn Layout View. City Overview data frame s hin th cc ng ph chnh, sng v nh cao. ArcMap c gng a cc layers v gia data frame. Ring sng th ch thy mt phn v n nm pha trn. 5) Chn cng c Pan. 6) Nhn chut tri trong data frame v ko cc layers xung pha di thy sng r hn. 7) Vo thc n File v chn Save.

4. To bn cho cc tha thch hp Bn ny s biu din cc tha thch hp bng mt mu v cc tha cn li bng mt mu khc. Trn bn cng ch r v tr ca im tp trung nc thi, cc buffers 500m v 1000m quanh im . Bn trnh by c v tr cn xem xt la chn c chi bng cc nt gch cho, v hin th c sng gip ngi xem nh hng c v tr ca cc tha.

Thit t mi trng hin th 1) Chn cng c Select Elements. 2) Chn Study Area data frame. 3) Vo thc n View v chn Data View.

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4) Nhn chut phi vo streets v nhn Remove. Data frame s ch c cc layers sau: alternate site junction02buf junction point parcel02sel river03exp parcel01mrg Nu data frame cn c nhng layers no khc th hy loi b chng i khi bn .

Thay i k hiu cho tha Chng ta s dng parcel01mrg lm layer nn. Layer ny cha tt c cc tha ca vng nghin cu. Layer parcel02sel s c trnh by trn parcel01mrg layer. 1) Nhn chut phi vo parcel01mrg v chn Zoom To Layer. 2) Nhn chut phi vo parcel01mrg layer v chn Properties. 3) Vo th Symbology. 4) Nhn vo nt Symbol. 5) Chn Fill Color l Blue Gray Dust. 6) Nhn OK. 7) Vo th Display trong Properties. 8) t Transparent l 70. Mu t ca tha s sng hn Blue Gray Dust. 9) Nhn OK.

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Hin th cc tha thch hp 1) Bt parcel02sel layer. 2) Nhn vo symbol box bn cnh parcel02sel. 3) t Fill Color l Blue Gray Dust. 4) Nhn OK trn hp Symbol Selector.

Thay i k hiu cho alternate site 1) Nhn vo symbol box bn cnh alternate site layer. 2) Chn kiu 10% Simple hatch. 3) Fill Color l Gray 40%.

Hin th river v wastewater junction 1) Bt river03exp layer v th hin bng k hiu dng cho sng trong City Overview data frame. 2) Chn mt kiu k hiu im v mu ty thch cho wastewater junction. t Size bng 14.

Hin th v gn nhn cho junction buffers 1) Bt junction02buf layer. 2) Nhn vo nt New Text trn thanh cng c Draw. 3) Di chuyn con tr n trn vng trn buffer bn trong v nhn chut tri. 4) Nhp 500 meters v nhn Enter. 5) Nhn vo nt Bold trn thanh cng c Draw. 6) Ko v a text n ch d nhn thy. 7) B sung nhn th hai l 1000 meters. 8) Vo View v chn Layout chuyn sang layout view.

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9) Vo thc n File v chn Save ghi li bn .

5. To bn trnh by cc tha thch hp nht Bn th ba s c t cc tha thch hp nht cho d n, t mu chng ty theo khong cch t tha n ng giao thng v im tp trung nc thi. Cc tha s c gn s hiu tha.

Chp cc layers t Study Area data frame 1) Nhn chut phi vo parcel01mrg ca Study Area data frame v chn Copy. 2) Nhn chut phi vo Best Parcels data frame v chn Paste Layer. Tip tc chp cc layers sau y: parcel02sel junction point alternate site

To layer cho cc tha thch hp nht d hin th v gn nhn cho cc tha thch hp nht cn phi to mt layer mi trong data frame. Chng ta s to mt biu thc chn: 1) Nhn vo Best Parcels data frame chn. 2) Vo Selection v chn Select By Attributes. 3) Chn parcel02sel. 4) Nhn p vo ROAD_DIST trong danh sch cc trng. 5) Nhn vo du >. 6) Nhn p vo s 0 trong ct Unique values. 7) Nhn Or. 8) Nhn p vo JUNC_DIST.

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9) Chn du >. 10) 11) 12) Nhn p vo 0. Nhn Apply, sau nhn Close. Nhn chut phi vo parcel02sel trong Best Parcels data frame,

vo Selection v chn Create Layer From Selected Features. ArcMap to mt layer mi trong Best Parcels data frame cha cc i tng c chn. Tn mc nh ca layer ny l parcel02sel selection. 13) 14) Nhn vo parcel02sel selection. i tn thnh highly suitable v nhn Enter.

i mu cho cc tha ca layer highly suitable Chng ta s t mu cc tha t da trn khong cch t tha n ng v im tp trung nc thi bng cch s dng trng ROAD_DIST v JUNC_DIST: Nh hn 500m t im nc thi v nh hn 50m t ng (junc_dist = 500 v road_dist = 50) Nh hn 500m t im nc thi nhng ln hn 50m k t ng (junc_dist = 500 v road_dist = 0) 500 n 1,000m cch im nc thi v nh hn 50m k t ng (junc_dist = 1000 v road_dist = 50) 500 n 1,000m cch im nc thi nhng ln hn 50m k t ng (junc_dist = 1000 v road_dist = 0) Ln hn 1,000m cch im nc thi nhng nh hn 50m k t ng (junc_dist = 0 v road_dist = 50) Cch lm nh sau:

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1) Nhn p vo highly suitable layer trong Best Parcels data frame. 2) Vo th Symbology. 3) Vo Categories v chn Unique values, many fields. 4) Chn JUNC_DIST l trng th nht. 5) Chn ROAD_DIST l trng th hai. 6) Chn Add All Values. Ch c 4 cp gi tr c lit k. Khng c tha no cch im nc thi xa hn 1000m v cch ng khng qu 50m. Cc cp gi tr c hin theo trnh t: 500, 50 500, 0 1000, 50 1000, 0

Thay i symbol colors 1) Nhn p vo symbol box bn cnh 500, 50. 2) t Fill Color l Tarragon Green. 3) Nhn OK. 4) i mu cho cc lp cn li nh sau: 500, 0 - Lemongrass 1000, 50 - Citroen Yellow 1000, 0 - Yucca Yellow 5) Nhn vo hp nm cnh all other values khng chn n.

Thay i tiu v nhn 1) Vo Heading v g Distance to: Junction, Road. 2) Nhn vo nhn ca lp 500, 50 v g <500m; <50m.

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3) Thay i nhn cho cc lp cn li: i vi lp 500, 0 g <500m; >50m. i vi lp 1000, 50 g 500-1000m; <50m. i vi lp 1000, 0 g 500-1000m; >50m. 4) Nhn OK. Gn nhn cho highly suitable parcels 1) Chn cng c Zoom In v ko mt hnh ch nht quanh highly suitable parcels v alternate site. 2) Nhn p vo highly suitable. 3) Vo th Labels. 4) Chn trng APN ly s hiu tha. 5) nh du chn vo Check Label Features in this layer v nhn OK. 6) Nhn nt Zoom to 100% trn thanh cng c ca Layout. Bn s c hin th theo kch thc in. 7) Dng cng c Pan tool ca thanh Layout ko bn ln pha trn, bn phi cho n khi nhn thy nhn ca cc tha thch hp nht. 8) Nhn p vo highly suitable layer v vo th Labels. 9) Nhn vo Symbol. 10) 11) 12) t Size cho nhn l 12 point. Nhn OK. Nhn OK trn hp Layer Properties. Nhn nt Zoom Whole Page trn thanh Layout thy ton b

bn .

To nhn cho alternate site 1) Nhn p vo alternate site.

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2) Vo th Labels. 3) Chn Expression. Chng ta s to biu thc nh sau: Round( [AREA], 0) & & sq meters 4) Nhn vo hp Expression. 5) G biu thc nh trn. 6) Nhn nt Verify kim tra biu thc. 7) Nhn OK ng Sample label box v nhn OK ng hp thoi Expression Properties.

Thay i thuc tnh ca nhn v hin nhn 1) Chn Symbol trong th Labels. 2) t Size cho nhn l 12-point. 3) Nhn vo Properties. 4) Chn th Mask. 5) Chn Halo trong hp Style. 6) t Size cho nhn l 4 points. 7) Vo Symbol. 8) t Fill Color l Gray 10%. 9) Nhn OK ng Symbol Selector cho mt n. 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) Nhn OK ng hp thoi Editor v nhn OK mt ln na nh du vo hp Label Features in this layer v nhn OK. Chn cng c Zoom In t thanh Layout khoanh mt vng Nhn nt Zoom Whole Page nhn ton b bn . Vo File v chn Save ghi li cng vic. ng hp thoi Symbol Selector cho text.

quanh alternate site.

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6. To bo co tha t Chng ta s to bng bo co cho cc tha thch hp nht. Trong bo co s lit k s hiu tha, din tch, v khong cch t tng tha n im tp trung nc thi. Chng ta s gp nhm cc tha theo khong cch t im tp trung nc thi v sp xp chng theo din tch.

Thit k bo co 1) Vo thc n Tools, di chuyn n mc Reports, chn Create Report. 2) Nhn vo mi tn bn cnh hp Layer/Table v chn highly suitable lm layer cn to bo co. 3) Nhn p vo JUNC_DIST a trng ny vo ct Report Fields. 4) Nhn p vo APN v AREA thm cc trng ny vo Report Fields. 5) Nhn vo th Grouping. 6) Nhn p vo JUNC_DIST xc nh y l trng cn gp nhm. 7) Vo th Sorting. 8) t Sort theo AREA v chn phng php Descending. 9) Vo th Display, cho hin th theo trng APN. 10) t Width bng 1. Nhn Enter.

Pht sinh bo co 1) Nhn vo Generate Report. 2) Nhn Add. 3) Nhn OK.

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4) Nhn vo nt x ng Report Viewer nhn vo nt Close ng Report Properties. Cng c Report hi chng ta c mun lu bo co khng. 5) Chn No. 6) Chn cng c Select Elements. 7) Ko bo co n cnh Best Parcels data frame. 8) Vo File v chn Save ghi li bn .

7. B sung danh sch cc tiu chun chn ca d n ln bn 1) Vo thc n Insert v chn Object. 2) Chn Create t File, sau nhn vo nt Browse. 3) Di chuyn n project folder, chn Site Criteria.rtf, v nhn Open. 4) Nhn OK. File text c b sung vo bn . 5) Ko vn bn sang pha phi ca parcel report.

8. B sung cc i tng ca bn By gi, chng ta s b sung cc i tng ca bn gip d c bn hn: Khung bao hnh ch nht quanh v tr ca vng nghin cu trn City Overview data frame. Cc k hiu bn . Thc t l. Mi tn ch hng Bc. Tiu ca bn . City logo. Thng tin tham chiu bn . 80

 Khung bao quanh tiu v ton b bn .

Thm mt khung hnh ch nht vo City Overview map 1) Nhn vo nt Select Elements. 2) Chn City Overview data frame. 3) Nhn chut phi trn data frame v vo Properties. 4) Chn th Extent Rectangles. 5) Chn Study Area trong danh sch Other data frames. 6) Nhn vo nt > di chuyn Study Area sang hp bn phi. 7) Nhn OK trn hp thoi Data Frame Properties. Khung bao xut hin trn City Overview data frame cho thy v tr v ln ca vng nghin cu, nhng li b cnh ca data frame ct. 8) Dng cng c Pan ko cc layers xung di v sang phi thy c ton b khung ch nht.

Thm k hiu bn vo City Overview map Chn City Overview data frame. 1) Vo thc n Insert v chn Legend. 2) Nhn Next. Chng ta khng cn to tiu cho legend, do nhn p vo Legend v nhn Backspace xa text. 3) Nhn vo Preview. 4) Nhn Finish. 5) Nu cn thit, di chuyn bng k hiu sang phi ca City Overview data frame. 6) Chn cng c Zoom In trn thanh Layout v vch mt hnh ch nht bao quanh nhn thy r hn.

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7) Nhn vo river03exp di City Overview data frame chn n. Nhn chut tri mt ln na i tn. 8) G river v Nhn Enter. 9) Nhn vo Value di elevation layer ri i tn thnh elevation v Nhn Enter. 10) Nhn vo nt Zoom Whole Page trn thanh Layout thy ton b bn .

Thm thc t l vo City Overview map 1) Vo thc n Insert v chn Scale Bar. 2) Chn mt kiu thc ty v nhn OK. 3) Di chuyn thc t l xung pha di City Overview data frame.

B sung cc k hiu v thc t l khc Chn Study Area data frame. Thm bng k hiu. Chng ta khng cn junction buffers hay parcel01mrg layers trong bng k hiu, do phi loi chng khi danh sch Legend Items. Trong bng k hiu, cho cc layers hieern th theo trt t sau: parcel02sel; alternate site; junction point; v river03exp. Chn parcel02sel trong danh sch v nhn vo mi tn i ln 2 ln di chuyn n ln u. Bng k hiu khng cn tiu . Xem li bng k hiu v nhn vo Finish a n vo bn . Di chuyn bng k hiu sang pha phi ca Study Area data frame. Thay i junction point thnh junction, river03exp thnh river, v parcel02sel thnh suitable parcels. Thm thc t l cho Study Area data frame. Dng cng kiu thc t l vi City Overview v ko n xung di Study Area data frame.

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 Chn Best Parcels data frame v b sung bng k hiu. Chng ta ch cn highly suitable parcels, alternate site, v wastewater junction. Ln ny, to mt tiu cho legend l: Highly Suitable Parcels. B sung legend vo bn , chnh kch thc v a v pha phi ca Best Parcels data frame, di bo co. Cui cng, thm thc t l cho Best Parcels data frame. Ghi li bn .

B sung mi tn ch phng Bc Chng ta s t mi tn ch hng Bc gc tri trn ca t bn . 1) Vo thc n Insert v chn North Arrow. 2) Chn kiu ty . Nhn OK. 3) a mi tn n gc tri trn ca bn .

Thm ta bn 1) Vo thc n Insert v chn Title. Dng vn bn water project xut hin trn bn . ArcMap dng tn ca map file lm ta mc nh. 2) G Potential Wastewater Plant Sites. 3) Trn thanh Draw, t c ch l 72 v nhn Enter. 4) Nhn chut phi vo tiu , Chn Rotate or Flip, v nhn Rotate Left. 5) Ko tiu sang cnh tri ca bn , pha di ca mi tn ch hng Bc.

Thm City logo 1) Vo thc n Insert v chn Picture.

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2) Di chuyn n project folder. 3) Chn city_logo.bmp v nhn Open. 4) Nhn chut phi vo logo v chn Properties. 5) Vo th Size and Position. 6) Khng nh du vo hp As Percentage box v nh du vo hp Preserve Aspect Ratio. 7) t Width l 2.5 ri nhn OK. 8) Ko logo v gc phi di ca bn .

B sung thng tin tham chiu bn 1) Nhn vo cng c New Text trn thanh Draw. 2) t text cnh logo. Trong hp vn bn chng ta s nhp thng tin v li chiu bn trn dng u v ngy thng trn dng th hai. 3) G UTM Zone 11N, NAD 1983. 4) Nhn phm Ctrl v nhn Enter xung dng. 5) G ngy thng vo dng th hai. 6) Nhn vo Enter b sung vn bn vo bn . 7) t c vn bn l 12, nhn Enter. 8) Vo thc n File v chn Save ghi li cng vic.

Ging thng cc i tng ca bn 1) Chn Study Area data frame. 2) Nhn v gi Shift v chn Study Area legend, City Overview data frame, City Overview legend. 3) Nhn vo mi tn xung bn cnh cng c Drawing, di chuyn n Align, v chn Align Bottom. C 4 i tng trn s c dng thng hng. Bn s t dng thng cc i tng sau: 84

 Chn thc t l ca Study Area v City Overview data frames ri dng theo kiu Align Vertical Center. Chn Best Parcels data frame v legend ca n ri dngAlign Bottom. Chn Study Area data frame v Best Parcels data frame cng cc thc t l tng ng ri dng Align Left. Chn City Overview data frame v thc t l ri dng Align Left. Chn Study Area legend, parcel report, v Highly Suitable legend ri dng Align Left.

Thm khung ch nht Chng ta thm mt khung ch nht bao quanh ta ca bn v mi tn ch hng Bc. 1) Nhn vo nt New Rectangle trn thanh Draw. 2) K khung ch nht bao quanh ta ca bn v mi tn ch hng Bc. 3) Nhn chut phi vo khung ch nht, di chuyn n Order, v nhn Send to Back. 4) Chn Fill Color l mu xanh. By gi, chng ta s t mt khung ch nht th hai bao quanh cc i tng cn li. 5) Nhn nt Rectangle. 6) Ko mt hnh ch nht t gc tri trn n gc phi di ca t bn . 7) t Order l Send to Back. 8) t Fill Color l Olivine Yellow. Chng ta hon tt t bn trnh cho hi ng thnh ph.

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9. Lu v in bn 1) Vo thc n File v chn Save As. 2) Di chuyn n project folder. 3) G Wastewater Treatment Plant Sites v nhn Save. Nu my in ni vi my tnh th c th in bn . 4) Vo File v chn Page Setup. 5) Chn hng giy l Landscape, nhn OK. 6) Vo File v chn Print. 7) Nu my in khng in c c giy ln, nhn vo Scale map chnh cho bn va c giy ca my in. Chng ta va hon tt mt d n GIS mu c nh. D rng d n nm trong gii hn hp, nhng qui trnh thc hin v cc phng php p dng trong bi ton ny u c cc d n GIS ln khc s dng. Chc cc bn nhanh chng chim lnh c cng ngh ArcGIS ca ESRI!

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