SAFE

TM

PHN TCH TON B V THIT K H THNG SN BI HC THC HNH

Nng, 05/08/2009 Ks. Nguyn Ngc Tn Sinh ngy 06/02/1986 Hu

Do trnh ting Anh cn hn ch kinh nghim cha nhiu, kh c th trnh khi nhng thiu st trong phn bin dch cc thut ng. Tc gi rt mong nhn c ng gp hon thin cho ti liu ny. Mi gp xin gi n a ch Email: ngoctan_q@yahoo.com in thoi: 01684382601 Chc cc bn t tin, sng to v thnh cng trong mi cng vic!

M hnh mu
Mc ch ca hng dn ny l nhm cung cp cho bn kinh nghim thc hnh s dng SAFE, cng nh cch nhanh nht lm quen vi chng trnh ny. Chng ta xc nh c nhng nguyn tc c bn ca qu trnh to m hnh v nhiu m hnh k thut xy dng khc nhau c gii thiu. Cc bc ch dn chng minh cho chng ta thy vic s dng SAFE tht d dng. Khi bn hon thnh hng dn ny bn s xy dng c m hnh ch ra trong hnh 1.

Hnh 1. M hnh i tng bi i tng ca hng dn ny l sn treo b tng c hnh dng khng theo qui tc, vi kch thc tng th t 113 feet x 120 feet. Bn trong sn tn ti mt l m ln dnh cho li i cu thang. Sn dy 10 inch c gi bi vch dy 12 inch, bn m ct dy 16 inch, v dm 12 inch x 24 inch hai bn chu vi. Ct vung 18 inch, v chiu cao tng bn di l 12 feet. M hnh s c phn tch di tc dng ca ti trng phn b u 30 pounds/foot2 (psf) cng thm trng lng bn thn ca kt cu, v hot ti 50psf. Bc 1 Bt u m hnh mi Trong bc ny, ng li c bn v kch thc s c xc nh, n s gip cho ngi dng to m hnh. M hnh ny s c xy dng m khng cn s dng cng c mu c cung cp sn trong SAFE nh vy bn c th thy c cch to m hnh bng ng li. Tuy nhin, nh qui tc chung, chng ti khuyn bn nn bt u m hnh bng cch s dng cc mu c sn mi khi c th

v thao tc nhanh chng, d dng. Tham kho thm phn Help ca SAFE c thm thng tin v cc m hnh mu. Chn n v Nu n v hin th danh sch s xung nm bn di gc tay phi ca mn hnh SAFE khng phi lb-ft, trn thanh cun t danh sch s xung chn n v lb-ft. nh ngha h li A. Bm chn lnh File > New Model hoc chn nt New Model vo hp thoi Grid Definition xem hnh 2. y l hp thoi c s dng xc nhn s ng li v khong cch theo mi phng. iu quan trng l ng li c xc nh miu t tht chnh xc dng hnh hc ca kt cu, v th chng trnh khuyn bn nn lp k hoch tht cn thn v s lng v khong cch ca cc ng li.

Hnh 2. Hp thoi Grid Definition

B. Nh hin th hnh 2, nhp Number of Grid Lines theo phng X l 6 v theo phng Y l 9. Nhp Grid Spacing theo phng X l 20 feet v theo phng Y l 18 feet. C. Bm chn nt Edit Grid hin hp thoi nh hnh 3. Hp thoi Define Grid c s dng xc nh v hiu chnh h li theo hai phng X v Y, v d liu sn t phn trn cng. N cho php ngi s dng iu chnh hin th cc ty chn kt hp vi ng li. 1. Trong mc Display, tch chn X grid 2. Trong mc Display Grid as, tch chn Ordinates

Hnh 3. Hp thoi Define Grid 3. Trong bng h li, thay i ta X nh sau:

4. Trong mc Display, tch chn Y Grid 5. Trong bng h li, thay i ta Y nh sau:

6. Bm chn OK chp nhn nhng thay i. Khi bm chn OK, mc nh, ng li xut hin trn hai ca s thng ng mn hnh ca s chnh SAFE, Structural Layer Plan View bn tri v Structural Layer 3-D View bn phi. S ca s c th c thay i bng cch vo lnh Options > Windows.

Ch rng Structural Layer Plan View ang hin hnh xem hnh 4. Khi ca s ny ang hin hnh, thanh tiu hin th n c lm ni. Khi ng khung nhn bng cch bm vo bt c ni u trn ca s .

Hnh 4. Ca s chnh SAFE Lu bi ton Hy lun lun lu m hnh. Bm vo lnh File > Save, hoc chn nt . Xc nhn ng dn m bn mun lu m hnh. Theo nh hng dn ny, xc nhn tn file l slab. Sau khi g tn bn s lu li bi tp mu vi ci tn chn. Tuy nhin, chng ta c th lu cc qu trnh cng vic theo tng bc nh hoc l lu 1 ln khi hon thnh, vo lnh File > Save As lu bng tn khc. Bc 2 nh ngha cc c trng Trong bc ny, c tnh ca sn (phn t tm) v dm (phn t thanh) c nh ngha. nh ngha c trng sn, bn m v ct A. Vo lnh Define > Slab Properties m hp thoi Slab Properties xem hnh 5.

Hnh 5. Hp thoi Slab Properties B. Trong vng Slab Property, chn SLAB1. C. Xem li bi ca hng dn ny, sn dy 10 inch. iu chnh kch thc mc nh ca SLAB1., bm chn Modify/Show Property m hp thoi Slab Property Data xem hnh 6.

D liu phn tch

D liu thit k Chiu dy b tng bo v

Cng nn ca b tng

Gii hn chy ca ct thp

Hnh 6. Hp thoi Slab Property Data

1. Chn Slab t Type danh sch s xung; y m bo rng phn t tm no vi thuc tnh gn s c nhn ra nh phn t sn. Ch : Khi nhiu phn t tm chim cng v tr trn mt bng, SAFE xc nh gi tr thuc tnh s dng trong phng trnh cng da vo trt t sau: Ct tip ni bn m, bn m ng di sn, v l cu thang nm trn cng. 2. G 10in hp Thickness trong mc Analysis Property Data Ch : Khi n v c n nh r rng, trong trng hp ny l inches, chng trnh s t ng chuyn tr s u vo ph hp vi n v d liu (Xem li n v thit lp lbs-ft). Gi tr u vo bng 10/12, khng cn n v inch. 3. Bm chn OK chp nhn nhng thay i v tr li hp thoi Slab Properties. D. Xem li bi bn m ct dy l 16 inch. Xc nhn thuc tnh ca bn m ct, bm chn Add New Property hp thoi Slab Properties v hon thnh bc sau. 1. G DROP trong hp Property Name hp thoi Slab Property Data. 2. Chn Drop t danh sch s xung. 3. G 16in hp Thickness 4. Bm chn OK chp nhn nhng thay i v tr li hp thoi Slab Properties. E. Xem li bi l ct vung 18 inch. Xc nhn thuc tnh ca ct, bm chn Add New Property vng Click to ca hp thoi Slab Properties v hon thnh bc sau. 1. G COL trong hp Property Name hp thoi Slab Property Data. 2. Chn Column t danh sch s xung. 3. G 50in hp Thickness. Kch thc trn mt bng ca ct s c xc nh cng vi cc phn t tm lm vy m hnh bn m v sn s chnh xc. dy gn cho sn l 50 inches, hoc tng dy ban u ln 5 ln, c gn cho ct m bo t nht cng ct hn bn sn xung quanh 2 ln. Vic ny mang li kt qu cao nhng lm trit tiu bin dng un trong vng ct. 4. Tch vo No Design trong vng Design Property Data bi v ct khng c dng thit k m s dng trong k thut thit k sn. 5. Bm chn OK chp nhn nhng thay i v tr li hp thoi Slab Properties. Bm chn OK kt thc vic xc nh c tnh sn. Bm vo lnh File > Save, hoc chn nt , lu bi ton. nh ngha c trng dm A. Vo lnh Define > Beam Properties, hin th hp thoi Beam Properties. B. Trong vng Beam Property, chn Beam1. Xem li i tng dm l 12inch x 24inch (hoc 1 feet x 2 feet n v ang xc nh lb-ft). xem li kch thc mc nh ca Beam1, bm chn Modify/Show Property vo hp thoi Property Data for Rectangular xem hnh 7.

Hnh 7. Hp thoi Property Data for Rectangular Beam Khi hp thoi xut hin, n c th c cc gi tr thch hp trong vng Analysis Property Data (Width l 1 v Depth l 2) v vng Design Property Data (Width l 1 v Depth l 2). Nu cc gi tr ny hin th khng ng, g cc gi tr thch hp vo hp thoi. C. Bm chn OK hai ln kt thc vic xc nh c tnh dm. Bm vo lnh File > Save, hoc chn nt , lu bi ton. Bc 3 nh ngha cc gi Trong bc ny, c tnh ca cc gi ct v tng c xc nh. Vo xc nhn d liu trong cc bc thao tc sau, chng trnh s tnh ton cc c tnh ca lin kt l xo c s dng thay cho cc gi ct v vch. nh ngha cc ct A. Vo lnh Define > Column Supports vo hp thoi Support Properties. B. Trong mc Support Properties, chn COL1. C. Bm chn Modify/Show Property vo hp thoi Column Support Property Data xem hnh 8. 1. m bo rng Rectangular Properties c chn trong mc Define Column by ca hp thoi. 2. Chc chn rng Below Slab Only c chn trong mc Activate Support Property ca hp thoi. 3. G 18in vo hp X Dimension v 18in vo hp Y Dimension. 4. G 12 vo hp Column Height. 5. Bm chn OK chp nhn nhng thay i v quay v hp thoi Support Properties. D. Nhp OK ng hp thoi Support Properties.

Hnh 8. Hp thoi Column Support Property Data nh ngha cc tng A. Vo lnh Define > Wall Supports vo hp thoi Support Properties. B. Trong mc Support Properties, chn WALL1. C. Bm chn Modify/Show Property vo hp thoi Wall Support Property Data xem hnh 9. 1. m bo rng Dimensions c chn trong mc Define Wall by ca hp thoi. 2. Chc chn rng Below Slab Only c chn trong mc Activate Support Property ca hp thoi. 3. Xem li bi vch dy 12 inches v n v y l lb-ft. V vy, g 1 vo hp Thickness. 4. Mt ln na xem li bi chiu cao tng l 12 feet. V vy, g 12 vo hp Hieght. 5. Bm chn OK chp nhn nhng thay i v quay v hp thoi Support Properties.

Hnh 9. Hp thoi Wall Support Property Data D. Nhp OK ng hp thoi Support Properties. Bm vo lnh File > Save, hoc chn nt , lu bi ton. Bc 4 nh ngha cc trng hp ti trng Trong bc ny, cc trng hp tnh ti v hot ti c xc nh. Vic ny, chng ta s t tn cc loi ti trng, chn mc (ng hoc tnh), v xc nhn h s nhn trng lng bn thn v h s nhn bin dng di hn phn tch bin dng nt. Cc loi ti trng s c gn vo cc i tng, v c xc nhn cc gi tr ti trng (tnh ti phn b u 30 psf v hot ti 50 psf), bc 7. A. Vo lnh Define > Static Load Cases vo hp thoi Static Load Cases Names xem hnh 10.

Hnh 10. Hp thoi Static Load Case Names

B. Ch rng trng hp tnh ti LOAD1 c cho mc nh. Chng ta s thay i tn ca loi ti trng thnh DL bng cch chn LOAD1 trong hp thoi Load, sau g DL. C. Bi v chng ta cn xc nh l tnh ti, di chuyn n mc Type chn DEAD. D. Xem li bi cho tnh ti cng thm trng lng bn thn ca kt cu. Kt qu, Self Weight Multiplier t bng 1 ( y bao gm 1 nhn vi trng lng bn thn ca tt c cu kin). E. H s Long Term Deflection Multiplier c s dng khi chng trnh xt n bin dng nt v c ngha l khi cn nh gi cch x s ca kt cu do co ngt v t bin. hng dn ny, phn tch bin dng nt khng c xt n, v do vy h s Long Term Deflection Multiplier khng cn quan tm. F. Bm chn Modify Load chp nhn nhng thay i. G. By gi chng ta s xc nh trng hp hot ti. hp Load g LL. H. Chn LIVE t Type danh sch s xung. I. G 0 vo hp Self Weight Multiplier. J. G 1 vo hp Long Term Deflection Multiplier. K. Bm chn Add New Load thm ti LL vo danh sch. Static Load Cases Names hin th nh hnh 11.

Hnh 11. Hp thoi Static Load Case Names vi cc ti trng c nh ngha L. Nhp OK chp nhn tt c cc ti trng c nh ngha. Bm vo lnh File > Save, hoc chn nt , lu bi ton. Bc 5 V cc i tng Trong bc ny, cc phn t tm, im v thanh s c v m t sn, bn m, ct, ct v tng . V sn (phn t tm) Vi hai ca s thng ng (vo lnh Options > Windows), Ch : Ca s chc chn rng ca s bn tri ang hin hnh l hin th hin hnh Structural Layer Plan View (Bm vo bt k im no khi thanh tiu , ca s bn tri v s dng lnh View > Set Structural nm bn di thanh tiu chng trnh, c lm ni.

Layer thit lp ca s ny). Kim tra xem chc nng truy bt im/giao im c kch hot cha. (vo lnh Draw > Snap to > Points hoc s dng nt Snap to Grid Intersections and Points ); Chc nng c kch hot khi nt ny b n xung. iu ny s gip xc nh v tr chnh xc phn t tm. By gi v phn t tm xy dng m hnh sn theo cc thao tc sau. A. Vo lnh Draw > Draw Area Objects, hoc nhp chn Draw Area Objects xut hin hp thoi Properties of Objects xem hnh 12.

Hnh 12. Hp thoi Properties of Object dng cho phn t tm Chc chn rng Type of Area c chn Slab. Nu n cha c chn, bm vo mc i din vi Type of Area v chn Ch : Slab t danh sch s xung. Nu hp thoi B. Kch vo mc i din vi Property v chn SLAB1 t Properties of danh sch s xung. c tnh ca sn ny c xc nh Object che mt bc 2. phn m hnh, C. V gc u tin ca phn t tm, kch chn ti giao im bm vo thanh ca cc ng li A v 9 ca s Structural Layer Plan tiu mu View. Sau di chuyn xung quanh ng li theo chiu xanh, nhn gi kim ng h, chn nhng giao im ca cc ng li ny chut, v r n v ng bao ca sn: F9, F1, D1, D4, v A4. ra khi m Nu c li trong khi v i tng ny, nhp vo nt Select hnh theo mi Object kt thc lnh v i tng v tip tc chn i hng. tng. Sau vo lnh Edit > Undo Area Add, lp li cc bc t mc A n C. D. Bm chn Select Object , hoc nhp Esc bn phm thot lnh Draw Area Objects. E. Nhp phi chut v tr i tng im nm ti giao im ca li A9 vo hp thoi Point Object Information xem hnh 13. y hp thoi hin th trng thi ca cc mc hin ti c gn cho i tng. Chng ta s s dng hp thoi di chuyn nhng im gc ca sn tnh cho chu vi phn nh ra ngoi 9-inch iu thch hp vi rng ca ct (1/2 ca 18 inches). 1. t chut vo hp X mc Identification and Location v g -9/12. Lu n v y vn l feet. 2. t chut vo hp Y v g 120.75 3. Nhp OK chp nhn nhng thay i. Bn sn by gi c nh ra mt khong 9 inches ti gc ny.

Hnh 13. Hp thoi Point Object information Lp li cc bc t mc 1 n mc 3 cho nhng giao im li bng cch s dng cc gi tr c cho di chuyn nhng im gc ca bn sn to phn nh ra l 9 -inch.

V ct (i tng im) Vi ca s hin hnh thit lp m t qu trnh trc v tit din phn t tm (ngha l, ca s hin hnh bn tri vi hin th tiu Structural Layer Plan View v kch hot chc nng truy bt giao im), s dng cc mc thao tc sau v i tng im xy dng m hnh ct . A. Vo lnh Draw > Draw Point Objects, hoc nhp nt Draw Point Object lm xut hin hp thoi Properties of Object xem hnh 14.

Hnh 14. Hp thoi Properties of Object dng cho i tng im Chc chn rng Type of Point c chn Column. Nu n cha c chn, bm vo mc i din vi Type of Point v chn Column t danh sch s xung. Kch vo mc i din vi Property v chn COL1 t danh sch s xung. c tnh ca ct (gi l xo) ny kch thc 18-inch x 18-inch ct cao 12-foot c xc nh bc 3. B. Nhp tri chut ti v tr giao im mi dng li sau xc nh v tr ca ct : A9, B9, C9, E9, F9, A8, B8, E8, F8, E7, F7, E5, F5, A4, C4, E3, F3, E2, F2, E1, v F1. C. Bm chn Select Object , hoc nhp Esc bn phm thot lnh Draw Poin Objects. V tng (phn t thanh) Tng t hai tit din trc , m bo rng Structural Layer Plan View ang hin hnh v chc nng truy bt giao im c kch hot. By gi v phn t thanh xy dng m hnh tng theo nhng bc sau. A. Vo lnh Draw > Draw Line Objects, hoc nhp nt Draw Line Objects lm xut hin hp thoi Properties of Object xem hnh 15.

Hnh 15. Hp thoi Properties of Object dng cho phn t thanh

B. Bm vo mc i din vi Type of Line v chn Wall t danh sch s xung. C. Kch mc i din vi Property v chn WALL1 t danh sch s xung. c tnh ca vch (gi l xo) ny dy 12-inch x cao 12-foot c xc nh bc 3. D. Nhp tri chut ti v tr giao im ng li A6 v on thng v ti giao im D6 c ch nh kt thc on thng. Bm phm Enter bn phm thot on thng ny. Lp li qu trnh trc ti cc giao im sau:

Bm chn im u

Bm chn im cui

Dng phm ny thot lnh v

E. Bm chn Select Object , hoc nhp Esc bn phm thot lnh Draw Line Objects. M hnh dng trng ging nh hnh 16.

Hnh 16. M hnh sau khi v ct v vch sn V bn m (phn t tm) Tng t nhng tit din trc , m bo rng Structural Layer Plan View ang hin hnh v chc nng truy bt giao im c kch hot. By gi v phn t tm xy dng m hnh bn m theo nhng bc sau. A. Vo lnh Draw > Draw Rectangular Area Objects, hoc nhp nt Draw Rectangular Area Objects lm xut hin hp thoi Properties of Object xem hnh 17.

Hnh 17. Hp thoi Properties of Object dng cho phn t tm Chc chn rng Type of Line ang c chn l Slab. B. Bm vo mc i din vi Property v chn DROP t danh sch s xung. C. G 6 vo mc i din vi X Dimension (if no drag). Y Dimension (if no drag) s t ng thay i l 6 . y l kch thc 6-foot x 6-foot ca phn t tm (bn m) c v vi mt c nhp chut (ngha l, khng cn r chut). D. Nhp tri chut ti v tr giao im ng li A8, SAFE s v phn t tm ti v tr ny. Tip tc v thm bn m ct bng cch nhp vo cc giao im ng li B8, C8, D8, E8, E7, E5, A4, C4, E3, E2, v E1. E. Ch n 4 bn m ct c mt phn bn ngoi sn (A8, A4, C4 v E1). hiu chnh chng vo ng cnh sn, bc u bm chn Select Object , hoc nhp Esc bn phm thot lnh Draw Rectangular Area Objects. F. Nhn phm Ctrl bn phm v kch phi chut giao im ng li A8. Ging dng danh sch la chn nh ch ra hnh 18 bi v c nhiu i tng cng mt v tr . Trong v d ny, 1 i tng im v hai phn t tm cng nm mt v tr. Ch dng danh sch la chn ch xut hin khi nhn phm Ctrl.

Hnh 18. Hp thoi Selection List

G. Chn phn t tm l bn m ct (Tm u tin l bn sn, phn t tm khc l bn m ct). Do vy kch phi chut bt u qu trnh la chn, hp thoi Rectangular Area Object Information dng cho tm m ct, xem hnh 19, xut hin. 1. m bo rng la chn By Edges c tch mc Locate Slab 2. G -.75 trong hp Xmin 3. Bm chn OK chp nhn nhng thay i. H. Lp li bc F n G v thao tc cc mc 1, 2, v 3 s dng cc gi tr giao im li Xmin v Ymin sau:

Hnh 19. Hp thoi Rectangular Area Object Information

V cc ct (phn t tm) Tng t nhng tit din trc , m bo rng Structural Layer Plan View ang hin hnh v chc nng truy bt giao im c kch hot. Nh rng mc ch trc y dng cho m hnh ct nh phn t tm m bo lin kt bn m ct v bn sn chng c nhp ng. V phn t tm xy dng m hnh ct nh sau. A. Vo lnh Draw > Draw Rectangular Area Objects, hoc nhp nt Draw Rectangular Area Objects lm xut hin hp thoi Properties of Object xem hnh 20. Chc chn rng Type of Area ang chn Slab. Hnh 20. Hp thoi Properties of Object dng cho phn t tm

B. Bm vo mc i din vi Property v chn COL t danh sch s xung. C. G 1.5 vo mc i din vi X Dimension (if no drag) v 1.5 mc i din vi Y Dimension (if no drag). y l kch thc 18-inch x 18-inch ca phn t tm (ct) c v vi mt c nhp chut (ngha l, khng cn r chut). D. Nhp tri chut ti v tr giao im ng li A9. V phn t tm ch nht ti v tr ny. Tip tc v thm ct bng cch nhp vo cc giao im ng li B9, C9, D9, E9, F9, A8, B8, E8, F8, E7, F7, E5, F5, A4, C4, E3, F3, E2, F2, E1 v F1. E. Bm chn Select Object , hoc nhp Esc bn phm thot lnh Draw Rectangular Area Objects. V dm (phn t thanh) Tng t hai tit din trc , m bo rng Structural Layer Plan View ang hin hnh v chc nng truy bt giao im c kch hot. V phn t thanh xy dng m hnh nhng dm theo nhng bc sau. A. Vo lnh Draw > Draw Line Objects, hoc nhp nt Draw Line Objects lm xut hin hp thoi Properties of Object xem hnh 21.

Hnh 21. Hp thoi Properties of Object dng cho phn t thanh

B. Bm vo mc i din vi Type of Line v chn Beam t danh sch s xung. C. Kch mc i din vi Property v chn BEAM1 t danh sch s xung. Xem li kch thc BEAM1 l 12-inch x 24-inch c xc nh bc 2. D. Nhp chut ti v tr giao im ng li A9. Nhp tip giao im F9, sau cng giao im F1. Mc d ch mt phn t thanh mt bn c v, chng trnh s t ng chia li i tng n bn trong a v nhiu on dm to ra ng lin kt gia cc ct v nhng bn sn. E. Bm chn Select Object , hoc nhp Esc bn phm thot lnh Draw Line Objects. V l m (phn t tm) Tng t nhng tit din trc , m bo rng Structural Layer Plan View ang hin hnh v chc nng truy bt giao im c kch hot. V phn t tm xy dng m hnh l m nh sau. A. Vo lnh Draw > Draw Rectangular Area Objects, hoc nhp nt Draw Rectangular Area Objects lm xut hin hp thoi Properties of Object. B. Bm vo mc i din vi Property v chn OPENING t danh sch s xung.

C. Kch vo giao im cc ng li C v 6 ca s Structural Layer Plan View, v trong khi n gi chut tri, di chuyn cho ln giao im ng li D8 v nh chut tri. Phn t tm xut hin vi ch X, chng t rng l m cu thang c v. Nh bit trc , l m (hoc l hng sn) nm trn vi c tnh sn c gn khi chng trnh xc nh cng thc cng. D. Bm chn Select Object , hoc nhp Esc bn phm thot lnh Draw Rectangular Area Objects. Bm vo lnh File > Save, hoc chn nt , lu bi ton. Bc 6 Thit lp cc ty chn i tng Trong bc ny, thit lp cc ty chn i tng c s dng hin th tt hn hnh dng bn sn. A. Bm vo Set Object Options , hoc vo lnh View > Set Object Options. Khi hp thoi Set Object xut hin, tch vo Fill Elements xem hnh 22. B. Bm OK chp nhn nhng thay i, v m hnh by gi hin th nh trn hnh 23.

Hnh 22. Hp thoi Set Objects

Hnh 23. M hnh sau khi tt c cc i tng v

Bc 7 Gn ti trng Trong bc ny, tnh ti v hot ti s c gn vo bn sn. m bo rng ca s Structural Layer Plan ang hin hnh, v la chn m hnh trong chng trnh (vo lnh Draw > Select) A. Chn bn sn bng cch nhp vo bt k u trn bn sn khng phi l dm, vch , ct v l m. Thanh trng thi tay tri gc bn di hin th dng 1 Areas selected. Nu bn chn nhm, nhp vo Clear Selection , v c gng chn li. B. Vo lnh Assign > Surface Loads vo hp thoi Surface Loads xem hnh 24.

Hnh 24. Hp thoi Surface Loads

1. Nu tnh ti cha c hin th, chn DL t Load Case Name danh sch s xung. 2. m bo rng lb-ft c chn mc n v. 3. G 30 trong hp Load per Area (Down +). 4. Bm OK chp nhn vic gn tnh ti. SAFE s hin th ti trng trn m hnh. Vo lnh Assign > Clear Display of Assigns loi b nhng hin th gn, nu cn thit. C. Nhp vo bt k u chn li bn sn, hoc vo lnh Select > Get Previous Selection hoc nhp Select > Get Previous Selection chn bn sn. D. Vo lnh Assign > Surface Loads vo li hp thoi Surface Loads. 1. Chn LL t Load Case Name danh sch s xung. 2. G 50 trong hp Load per Area (Down +). 3. Bm OK chp nhn vic gn hot ti. Vo li lnh Assign > Clear Display of Assigns loi b nhng hin th gn.

Xem li ti trng gn cho sn, nhp phi chut bt k ni no sn khng phi dm, vch , ct v l m vo hp thoi Area Object Information xem hnh 25.

Hnh 25. Hp thoi Area Object Information Ch n DL Load Case c w/area (weight/area) l 30. Chn LL Load Case t danh sch s xung v nhng thay i w/area l 50. Bm OK ng hp thoi Area Object Information. Bm vo lnh File > Save, hoc chn nt , lu bi ton. Bc 8 Chy chng trnh phn tch Trong bc ny, phn tch c thc hin. A. Vo lnh Analyze > Run Analysis, hoc nhp Run Analysis bt u gii bi ton. Chng trnh s to nhng phn tch m hnh da trn i tng SAFE, v s hin th thng bo Analyzing, Please Wait. D liu s cun ca s khi chng trnh gii bi ton. Thng tin ny c c ng dn sau bng cch vo lnh File > Display Input/Output Text Files v chn tn file m rng .LOG. B. Khi phn tch c hon thnh, hin th thng bo ANALYSIS COMPLETE. Nhp OK ng ca s phn tch. Chng trnh t ng hin th bin dng m hnh, v m hnh c kha. M hnh c kha khi nt Lock/Unlock Model b ln xung. M hnh ang kha ngn chn nhng thay i m hnh lm nh hng kt qu phn tch. Bc 9 Xem biu kt qu phn tch Trong bc ny, nhng phn tch s c hin th qua cc kt qu biu . A. Nhp vo ca s bn phi lm ca s Structural Layer 3-D View hin hnh. B. Vo lnh Display > Show Deformed Shape hoc bm Show Deformed Shape vo hp thoi Deformed Shape xem hnh 26. 1. Chn LL Load Case t Load danh sch s xung. 2. Tch chn Auto t mc Scaling. 3. Tch vo hp Displacement Contours mc Display Options. 4. Bm chn OK to ra m hnh bin dng 3-D vi nhng ng ng mc.

C. Nhp vo ca s bn tri lm ca s Plan View hin hnh. D. Vo lnh Display > Show Slab Forces hoc nhp Show Slab Forces xut hin hp thoi Slab Forces xem hnh 27. 1. Chn LL Load Case t Load danh sch s xung. 2. Tch vo Mxx t mc Compenent. 3. Tch chn Display Contours on Deformed Shape mc Display Options. 4. Bm chn OK xem biu m men xem hnh 28. Ch khi bn di chuyn con tr trn biu m men, gi tr c hin th bn di gc tay tri ca s. E. m bo rng hnh chiu ang hot ng v vo lnh Display > Show Undeformed Shape hoc bm Show Undeformed Shape loi b hin th biu m men.

Hnh 28. Biu m men Mxx F. Nhp Set Object Options v b chn Fill Elements hp thoi Set Objects, v sau nhp OK. Bc 10 Thit k Trong bc ny, nhng phn t tm vi sn v bn m gn, phn t thanh vi dm gn. Ch gii bi ton trc theo cc bc sau. A. Vo lnh Options > Preferences v chn mc Design. Hp thoi Preferences xem hnh 29. 1. Chn ACI 318-95 t danh sch s xung mc Concrete Design code. 2. Tch ty chn Use Nodal Moments mc Design Method. 3. Xem li thng tin cha trong hp thoi, v nhp OK chp nhn nhng chn la.

Hnh 29. Hp thoi Preferences B. Vo lnh Design > Start Design bt u qu trnh thit k. Chng trnh s tnh ton ct thp cn thit cho c bn sn v dm. Khi thit k hon thnh, ct thp cn thit cho di theo phng X c hin th, nh hnh 30. V tr con tr ti bt k im no trn mt bng b tr ct thp trong di theo phng X xem kt qu gi tr ct thp cn thit trn v di c hin th gc tay tri bn di ca s. C. xem b tr ct thp cn thit trong di theo phng Y, vo lnh Design > Display Slab Desgn Info. Hp thoi Slab Reinforcing xut hin xem hnh 31. 1. Tch chn Y Direction Strip trong mc Choose Strip Direction. 2. Xem li thng tin cha trong hp thoi, v nhp OK chp nhn nhng chn la.

Hnh 30. Ct thp trong di theo phng X

Hnh 31. Hp thoi Slab Reinforcing

Hnh chiu mt bng s c cp nht hin th ct thp cn thit trong di theo phng Y. Tng t, v tr con tr bt k u trn mt bng hnh chiu s l hin th gi tr ct thp cn thit gc tay tri bn di ca s SAFE. D. xem ct thp cn thit trong dm, vo lnh Design > Display Beam Design Info. Hp thoi Beam Reinforcing xut hin nh hnh 32.

Hnh 32. Hp thoi Beam Reinforcing

1. Tch chn Flexural Reinforcing mc Type of Reinforcing. 2. Xem li thng tin cha trong hp thoi, v nhp OK chp nhn nhng chn la. Hnh chiu mt bng s c cp nht hin th ct thp chu un cn thit trong dm dc theo hai bn chu vi. V tr con tr bt k u trn dm s l kt qu hin th gi tr ct thp cn thit gc tay tri bn di ca s SAFE. Bm vo lnh File > Save, hoc chn nt , lu bi ton. Chc mng! Bn to m hnh trong SAFE thnh cng!

Ch quan trng vui lng c Bi tp ny i hi dng phin bn SAFE 6.01 hoc cc phin bn sau n gii bi ton thnh cng. Bn cn quyt nh dng phin bn no bt u dng chng trnh v sau vo lnh Help v la chn About SAFE Nu phin bn SAFE ca bn thp hn phin bn 6.01 v bn mun gii bi hng dn ny, bn cn gi cho Computers Structures theo s (510) 845-2177 c thng tin v cp nht SAFE.

Mun hiu c Safe th trc tin phi hiu c t etabs xut sang Safe ch phi khng ? Tnh ton sn BTCT xut ra t kt qu ca Etabs 1.M file Etabs , vo File/Export/Save Story As Safe.f2k Text file 2.Bn bm Select Cases chn trng hp ti cn tnh cho sn. 3.Ok , bn s c file ca chng trnh SAFE tnh ni lc cho sn.
1. M SAFE 2. Bn c th chn n v tnh l Ton - m 3. Bn vo File / Import / SAVE V6/V7.F2K bn c th m file xut ra bi Etabs

Lm sao xut bn sn t Etabs ( hay SAP ) sang Safe tnh ton thp sn. Khi xut nh vy th cc ti trng v chuyn v ca kt cu c chuyn lun c khng? Xut kt qu t etabs sang safe th ch cn vo file\export\ f2k l OK. Sau n c mt s la chn, nu chn ci cui cng l xut c ti trng v chuyn v sang safe.

++ Shell l phn t tm tng qut . Cn Plate l phn t tm ch chu un v Membrane l phn t tm ch chu lc mng m thi . Shell = Plate + Membrane Em nhp li kch thc cc strip bng cch kch phi vo, sa li Xmin Xmax...rt nhp nhng => c chnh c vi ba ci di ct v di nhp u tin l ri c ln, nhn cc ng li chng cht l nn lun Bn chn View/Set X-Strip Layer hoc Set Y-Strip Layer, sau v li Qut 1 ci rc & bm Del th l xong thui. Ri lm nh bn Hiu hng dn Xa l mt ht tt c. Cn th Save As li file khc Sau khi mnh cho hin th gi tr momen ca cc Strip theo phng X, Y, gi tr momen trn mn hnh c n v l g? C phi l kN.m khng(gi s chn n v c bn l kN-m)? Mun thit k thp th mnh phi chia gi tr moomen trn tng tit din cho b rng ca Strip tng ng phi ko? Mnh hi thm, xut kt qu ra nh th no th thun li cho vic thit k vy C phi cc Strip ging nh dm c h=b dy bn sn, cn b=b rng ca Strip? n v momen ca strip l kN.m ? Bn c th xem nh vy tnh thp. b rng 1 strip bao nhiu l hp l vy bc? SAFE ch dng tnh bn sn m thi khi thit k c th cho php xut ni lc theo dy bn chia trc c th cho n t thit k lun

Ch cn xut mt sn tng no t etap, chnh sa li ri design l ta c kt qu mmen. Tuy nhin khi s dng kt qu tnh thp ca safe th ti thy c nhiu sai lch so vi kt qu ca ta. nu mun chnh xc th hnh nh phi thay i nhiu thng s. Bn v ca safe cn khc so vi chng ta qu. Em th cha dm ni v thp tnh ra sai khc nh th no nhng ch tnh ni lc khng sai khc lm ri(ln hn nhiu) , mong bit cc anh c cch no hiu chnh li hay khng? ban tnh khac l ng nhin ri v phn mm tnh theo tiu chun M, m tiu chun M th k c khi nim cng tiu chun v tnh ton nh mnh, chnh xc c cao hay k l bn phi bit diu chnh v cng ,gii hn chy ca thp sao cho hp l khi ly theo tiu chun VN tinh vi phn mm nc ngoi Bn ni mnh khng hiu , cho d M hay nc no cng vy ,cho d khng c khi nim ti trng tiu chun hay tnh ton i na nhng m vi1 ti trng xc nh v mt h xc nh th kt qu ni lc phi ging nhau ( cha xt ti thp) , bi v mnh ngh n dng phn t hu hn gii th phn mm no cng ging nhau c (c th khc cht xu) Cho mnh hi thm l , lm sao khai bo "mt lin kt ngm" hoc 1 "lin kt khp" cho mt bin ca sn(bn k 4 cnh)? Hai lin kt ny khi xut file INPUT ra th thy khc nhau : - Ngm : c gi tr Kzz v KRX(hoc KRY) rt ln - Khp : ch c gi tr Kzz rt ln nhng mnh khng bit lm sao can thip vo nhng gi tr ny Mong cc anh ch gip ! Bn tin dung ni ng ri .ni lc th khng th sai khc c ,ch c iu mnh cha hiu ht c n nn c nhng nh gi khng chnh xc thi.hy vnh tip tc hoc hi Anh Ninh lm DATN v sn khng dm c th ch cho em bit vic anh chia sn thnh cc di gia nhp v trn ct nh th l theo nguyn l no c khng .Em c xem cc ti liu v phng php khung tng ng nhng cch chia ca h khng khp vi cch chia ca anh. Mong anh ch gip Anh chia sn da trn ph moment c c t SAFE. Anh Ninh gii thch r hn cho e khi nin "Ph" c ko? E thy pm SAFE mc nh chia cc di theo cc g li chnh, di trn ct l L/4, gia nhp l L/2.

My bc cho em hi: Khi tnh ton sn khng dm theo phng php khung tng ng, i vi nhng di ct qua li thang my th c th xem li thang my nh l cnh tay n c cng bng v cng c khng. NO la moment contour do ban. Ban co the tinh san khong dam hay bat cu thu gi voi viec ban mo phong bang cac software ve ket cau. Viec con lai co san khong dam la mu cot(column capital) de tranh pha hoai cat o do (puching shear). Noi luc co the lay ra de tinh thep. Neu can minh goi cho mot file tinh be chua nuoc co dung loai nay. buoc 5m, san day 300, co thiet ke mach ngung thi cong (construction joint), khe co(control or contraction joint) va khe dan no (expansion joint). Tai trong tren nap be la lop BT tao doc, da 0x40 va dat (tat ca nhung thu nay dung de chong day noi be). Toi dung Sap2000 de thiet ke. Cong trinh co the tich L160mxW45xH8m. Da hoan tat va dua vao su dung v d chia di thnh cc di c b rng 3 mt th m men di l m men tng ng vi 1 con dm c b rng 3 mt hay l m men cho 1 mt b rng ca con dm !! mong cc bc gii p thm cho anh em !!

Nhn tin cho em hi vic chia strips s lm th no nu li ct ca mnh ko ng !! tc l c di th va i qua u ct va i qua gia nhp C 2 file hnh nh bn tham kho v chia "design strip" n. Chc vui, Attached Images

 trng thy c dy em 1 cht v m hnh tnh sn bng Safe, trong , thy gn cc v tr ca ct l COLUMN SUPPORT. Khi em xem trong Introductory Tutorial (15 min) ca Safe th vi ct c m ct, ti v tr mi ct, ngoi vic gn lin kt Column Support (COL1) (tit din ct l 1,5x1,5 feet, cao 12 feet) th sau h cn gn thm ti v tr ct 1 Slab tn Column (COL) vi thickness l 50 inch=4,16 feet, tit din khi v vn l 1,5x1,5 feet. Cc bc cho em hi v sao li phi v slab Column th ? thickness=50 inch c ngha g? sAFE L CHNG TRNH TNH SN V MNG. KHI KHAI BO TH CHNG TRNH S COI CT L GI V TRNG VI TRC CA CT. NHNG TRONG THC T TH CT LI C TIT DIN V R RNG KCH THC CA N L NG K SO VI SN. V VY CN KHAI

BO TIT DIN CT SAFE TNH NG HN. Y L MT U IM CA SAFE SO VI ETAB.

VN 1 Sn phng khng qui tc. c trng ca b tng sn E = 4000 ksi, H s Poissons = 0.2, trng lng n v = 150 pcf fc = 4 ksi, fy = 60 ksi Gi thit chiu dy bo v ct thp mc nh c trng ca ct v vch E = 4000 ksi, H s Poissons = 0.2, cao = 12 Ti trng phn b u trn sn Tnh ti: trng lng bn sn cng thm 50 psf phn ti trng cht thm DL Hot ti: qui phm 100 psf, 250 psf gia cc on ct 3, 5, E v F Yu cu Xem chuyn v n hi v nt theo phng ng ca bn sn di ti trng DL + LL. Xem m men un bn sn Mxx vi h s (1.4DL + 1.7LL). Xem tnh ton ct thp trong di theo phng X dng tiu chun ACI 318-95.

Ti trng tp trung ti hai gc l m PDL = 4 kips PLL = 3 kips

Vch b tng bn di dy 12

Dm bin ca sn b tng dy 10

Ct b tng bn di kch thc 18 x 18

Ch :