BILL OF LADING

1. KHI NIM Vn n ng bin l chng t chuyn ch hng ho bng tu bin, do ngi vn ti hoc i din ca ngi vn ti cp cho ngi gi hng sau khi hng ho c xp ln tu hoc sau khi nhn hng xp nhm xc nh quan h php l gia ngi vn ti vi ngi ch hng. Trong khi nim trn c cc thut ng nh sau: Vn n ng bin (Ocean Bill of Lading) Ngi vn chuyn (carrier) i l ca ngi vn chuyn (Agent of carrier) Ngi gi hng (Shipper)

Hng ha c xp ln tu (shipped on board)

Hng xp (received for shipment). Chc nng: Vn n c 3 chc nng chnh Vn n l bin lai ca ngi vn ti xc nhn nhn hng chuyn ch, thc hin hp ng vn chuyn.. L chng t xc nhn quyn s hu i vi hng ho ghi trong vn n.. L bng chng xc nhn hp ng chuyn ch hng ho bng ng bin c k kt.

Trong trng hp thu tu chuyn, trc khi cp vn n ng bin, ngi thu tu v ngi cho thu tu k kt vi nhau mt hp ng thu tu chuyn (charter party). Khi hng ho c xp hay c nhn xp ln tu, ngi chuyn ch cp cho ngi gi hng vn n ng bin. Vn n c cp xc nhn hp ng vn ti c k kt.

Trong trng hp thu tu ch th khng c s k kt trc mt hp ng thu tu nh thu tu chuyn m ch c s cam kt (t pha tu hay ngi chuyn ch) s dnh ch xp hng cho ngi thu t. S cam kt ny c ghi thnh mt vn bn, gi l giy lu cc (booking note). Vy vn n c cp l bng chng duy nht xc nhn hp ng vn chuyn hng ho bng ng bin c k kt. Ni dung ca vn n l c s php l gii quyt mi tranh chp xy ra sau ny gia ngi pht hnh v ngi cm gi vn n. Tc dng: L c s php l iu chnh mi quan h gia ngi gi hng, ngi nhn hng v ngi chuyn ch.

BILL OF LADING
i vi nh Xut Khu: B/L l bng chng giao hng, hon thnh theo H v L/C i vi nh Nhp Khu: B/L l c s nhn hng, i chiu khi nhn hng t ngi chuyn ch, theo di thc hin H v chuyn nhng, mua bn, cm c, th chp, i vi ngi chuyn ch: B/L l c s nhn v giao hng hon thnh ngha v, lm c s xc nh thng tin v hng ha khi c tranh chp Lm cn c khai thu xut nhp khu v lm th tc xut nhp khu hng ho. 2. NI DUNG PHN LOI Tiu : thng l Bill of Lading. S vn n Bill of Lading No. Tn ngi vn ti: shipping company. Ngi gi hng ( Shipper). Tn ngi nhn hng ( nu l vn n ch danh ) hoc ghi theo lnh ( nu l vn n theo lnh ) hoc khng ghi r ngi nhn hng ( nu l vn n xut trnh ). Lu : ngi nhn hng phi ghi r n v nhn hng ( consignee) y l mt im rt trng yu ca vn n, cn ghi chnh xc ng nh L/C quy nh. Bn c thng bo: Notify Party: c min trch nhim nu thng bo khng ti. Tn tu Ni nhn hng gi ( Place of Receipt). Cng bc hng ln ( Port of Loading): cn ghi chnh xc ng nh L/C quy nh. Cng d hng (Port of Discharge) ni n cui cng (Place of Delivery). + Nu trm giao nhn hoc kho CFS c ghi l ni nhn hng v ni trng vi cng bc hng ch nh th nhng ni ny c coi l nh nhau, v do vic quy nh cng bc hng v tu tu trong ghi ch v hng bc ln tu l khng cn thit.

BILL OF LADING
+ Trng hp nu L/C quy nh mt khu vc a l hay mt lot cng bc (hoc d) th cng bc (hoc d) thc t phi c th hin trn vn n v cc cng trn vn n phi nm trong khu vc a l hoc trong s cc cng quy nh trong tn dng th. Cc ph, ph ph phi tr cho ngi vn ti. (Freight Details, Charges etc): Nu tr trc th ghi Freight prepaid/Freight paid, nu tr sau ghi Freight to collect/Freight to be paid at destination. + Cc v ph ph cng l ni dung m cc ngn hng thng ch kim tra khi vn n c xut trnh. Nu tn dng th yu cu vn n phi ghi r cc ph tr hoc s tr cng n th trn t vn n phi th hin r rng. Nu khng p ng nh yu cu th vn n xut trnh coi nh l khng hp l + Nu L/C quy nh khng chp nhn cc ph ph th vn n khng c th hin l ph ph hoc s c Vic th hin nh vy c th ni mt cch r rng v ph ph hoc c th s dng cc thut ng m cp cc chi ph gn lin vi vic xp d hng ha nh: Min xp(FI), min d(FO), min xp d(FIO), min xp d v sp xp(FIOS). iu kin thanh ton, tr ti cng d hng Thi gian v a im cp vn n . (Place and Date of Issue). + Khi giao hng bng ng bin, vn n xut trnh ti ngn hng phi c ghi ch bc hng shipped on board. Nu trn t vn n in sn t bc hng c xut trnh th ngy pht hnh vn n c coi l ngy bc hng ln tu v cng chnh l ngy giao hng. Trng hp trn t vn n li ghi ch ngy bc hng ln tu ring bit, khc vi ngy pht hnh vn n, th ngy bc hng ln tu vn c coi l ngy giao hng cho d ngy bc hng ln tu c th trc hoc sau ngy pht hnh vn n. Vn n th hin hng c bc ln tu trn thc t c th c din t bng nhiu cm t khc nhau: bc hng ln tu Laden on board; bc hng ln tu, hon ho Clean on board; bc hng shipped; bc ln tu on board...
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Cc cm t th hin nh trn u cng ngha vi cm t shipped on board bc hng ln tu. + Thi im cp vn n ny rt quan trng v thi im ny l cn c tnh: Trch nhim chuyn ch hng ha. Trch nhim i vi hng ha. Xc nhn giao hng ha Thi im tnh hon thnh ngha v giao hng. Phn loi: Cn c vo thi gian cp vn n v thi gian bc xp hng: Vn n xp hng (Shipped on board bill of lading): l vn n c k pht cho ngi gi hng sau khi hng ha thc s xp trn tu. L B/L c in sn, ghi thm, ng du ch sau Shipped on Board, On Board, Shipped, Laden on Board. Trong cc iu kin giao hng FOB, CIF, CFR th hng phi giao qua lan can, do vy thng yu cu B/L bc hng ln tu mi thanh ton tin hng, v n chng t hng bc ln tu v ngi bn hon thnh ngha v. cn i vi ngi nhp khu, thng mun c cung cp vn n xp hng v khi c vn n, ngi nhn hng yn tm v hang ha hn l vn n nhn hng xp. Vn n nhn hng xp (Received for shipment bill of lading): ): l vn n c k pht cho ngi gi hang khi ngi vn ti nhn hng xp ln tu( tc l trc khi hng ha c xp ln tu). L cam kt ca ngi vn ti rng hng s c bc ln tu v ch bng con tu nh ghi trn vn n. Do , khi cp vn n ny, thng thng ngi vn ti s ghi ngy gi d nh xp hng ln tu. Cn c vo cch chuyn nhng quyn s hu hng ho ghi trn vn n : Vn n ch danh (Straight Bill of Lading): trong vn n ny, ngi ta ghi r tn v a ch ngi nhn hng. Ch ngi c tn trn B/L mi c nhn hng. Vn n ny khng chuyn nhng c. Vn n theo lnh (Order Bill of Lading): khng ghi r tn ngi nhn hng nhng ghi r hng c giao theo lnh ca mt ngi no , c th l theo lnh ngi gi hng hoc theo lnh ngi nhn hng. Khi dung vn n ny, ch hng ghi theo lnh ( to order) ngi th hai va ngi th hai c th chuyn tip cho ngi th ba, th t, cho n khi ngi tag hi ch danh ngi nhn hng. C ngha l ngi ch hng s k chuyn nhng bng cch k hu( Endorsement ), k hu

BILL OF LADING
trng (In Blank), cho ngi th ba, th t, cho n khi ch nh ch danh ngi nhn hng. Vn n v danh hay vn n xut trnh (Bearer Bill of Lading): trn vn n ny ngi ta khng ghi r tn ngi nhn hng, v khng ghi r theo lnh ca ai. Hng ha s c giao cho ngi cm vn n gc. C th chuyn nhng bng cch trao tay. Ch : Vn n theo lnh c th tr thnh vn n ch danh, nu ngi k hu cui cng ghi ch danh ngi nhn hng. Vn n theo lnh c th tr thnh v n xut trnh, nu k hu cui cng l loi k hu trng, ngha l k hu m khng ghi r tn ngi nhn hng. Cn c vo ghi ch trn vn n Vn n hon ho (Clean Bill of lading): l vn n m ngi vn ti khi cp khng c ghi ch xu v tnh trng ca hng ha hay bao b. Vn n khng hon ho (Unclean Bill of Lading): l vn n trn ngi vn ti c ghi ch xu v tnh trng hng ha hay bao b nh: Bao b khng p ng yu cu, Mt thng v, Hng t, b hi, K hiu khng r rang, thng, chy, bao rch, Trong qu trnh vn chuyn ngi chuyn ch c min trch nhim. Lu : Nu ghi ch khng r rng th B/L khng b coi l khng hon ho. Phn bit B/L l hon ho hay khng hon ho ph thuc vo ghi ch ch khng ph thuc vo c hay khng ghi t hon ho (khng hon ho) trn B/L. Cn c vo hnh trnh ca hng ho v phng thc chuyn ch: Vn n i thng (direct bill of lading): c s dng trong trng hp hng ha c chuyn ch trn mt tu i thng t cng xp hng n cng d hng m khng chuyn ti dc ng. Trong L/C yu cu B/L c ch transhipment not allowed. Nu vi phm c th b t chi thanh ton. Vn n ch sut/ chuyn ti (through/transhipment bill of lading): c s dng trong trng hp hng ha c chuyn ch t cng xp hng n cng d hng cui cng bng hai hay nhiu con tu ca hai hay nhiu bn vn chuyn, tc l hng ha phi chuyn ti dc ng. Ngi vn ti u tin phi k pht mt vn n i din cho tt c chuyn i . Vn n bao trm ln tt c hnh trnh gi l vn n ch sut hoc vn n chuyn ti. vn n ch sut va vn n chuyn ti cng ni dung, chc nng, tc dng, ch khc nhau tiu m thi. Khi c tranh chp ngi gi hng ch cn bit n ngi chuyn ch cp B/L ch sut hay chuyn ti.
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Vn n vn ti lin hp/a phng thc (combined/multimodal transport bill of lading): pht hnh cho vic cho vic chuyn ch hng ho bng container theo phng thc "door to door", m theo hng ha c chuyn ch bng nhiu phng tin vn ti khc nhau, trong c vn ti bng ng bin. Cn c vo gi tr s dng v lu thng Vn n gc (Original Bill of Lading): L vn n c k bng tay c th khng c du "Original" v c th giao dch, chuyn nhng c. Vn n bn sao (Copy Bill of Lading): L vn n bn ph ca vn n gc, khng c ch k tay, thng c du " Copy" v khng giao dch chuyn nhng c. C 5 cch phn bit bn gc v bn sao: ngn hng ch chp nhn b gc thanh ton. Cch 1 2 3 Bn gc In sn ch Original ng du ch Original In ch Negotiable Ghi th t First Original; Second Original; Third Original Ghi th t Original; Duplicate; Triplicate Bn sao In sn ch Copy ng du ch Copy In ch Copy Non-Negotiable

Khng ghi g.

Khng ghi g

Cn c vo phng thc thu tu Vn n tu ch (Liner B/L): L B/L cp bi tu chy thng xuyn trn tuyn ng lch trnh nht nh. Mt sau ca B/L in sn cc iu khon, iu kin v chuyn ch, vn n ny ngoi gi tr l chng t s hu hng ho m cn c gi tr php l nh mt hp ng chuyn ch. Vn n tu chuyn (Voyage Charter B/L): L loi vn n c k pht cho ngi gi hng khi s dng phng thc thu tu chuyn. trn B/L thng c cu " s dng vi hp ng thu tu -tobe used with charter party" hoc ph thuc vo H
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thu tu Issued pursuant to charter party dated. Nh vy B/L khng c tnh c lp, khi chuyn nhng phc tp hn v tranh chp phi dng H thu tu lm cn c gii quyt. Ngoi ra cn c cc loi vn n c bit khc: Vn n xut trnh ( Surrendered B/L ): . c s dng trong trng hp: v thi gian hnh trnh vn chuyn ngn nn vic chun b chng t khng kp hoc do tha thun cui cng gia ngi mua v ngi bn v vic nhn hng thun li ti cng n khng cn xut trnh B/L gc. L loi B/L thng thng nh cc B/L khc, ch khc l khi cp B/L ny ngi vn ti hay i l ca ngi vn ti ng du Surrendered B/L , sau in bo v fax cho i l tu ti cn n bit v giao hng cho ngi nhn m khng cn phi xut trnh B/L gc Ngi nhn ch cn xut trnh bn fax ca Surrendered B/L l c th nhn hng ti cng nhn. Surrendered y i l giao hng s hiu rng khch ly hng theo lnh khng cn phi trnh vn n gc. Thay v phi pht hnh ra 1 b gc ri li thu hi li, ngi ta k pht lun 1 vn n c du "surrendered". Trng hp B/L gc cha c pht hnh, ch hng s ghi ch Surrendered B/L khi gi chi tit lm B/L cho hng tu ti cng i v vic thng bo t hng tu cho vn phng ti cng n cng ging nh nu. Linh hot v th tc nhanh, ch cn bn fax cng nhn c hng. Do h s yu cu ngi xut khu nh hng tu pht hnh surrender bill v ch cn fax qua i tc. Tuy nhin, tnh ri ro cao v ngi no cm t fax surrendered B/L coi nh ngi c quyn nhn hng ha, khng co gia tri trong vic giai quyt tranh chp.va thanh toan trong L/C. Vn n thay i ( Switch B/L ): l vn n c cp li theo yu cu ca ngi giao hng hay ngi cm vn n thay i mt s chi tit trn vn n. Switch B/L thng c s dng trong cc trng hp mua bn tay ba (Cross trade hay "Triangle") . V d: - A : Ngi bn hng ( Shipper ): l Nh sn xut v bn cho nh bun trung gian ti Singapore. - B : Nh bun ( Trader ) ti Singapore : Nh bun ny li bn hng cho Ngui mua ti Chu u. - C : Ngui mua hng ( Consignee ) : Ngi ny s nhn hng Chu u
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Nhng u im ca Switch B/L: Trnh l thng tin v ngi bn hng : Hng s c vn chuyn trc tip bng container ng bin t quc gia ca nh sn xut n a im giao hng ti Chu u nhng trnh cho Ngi mua hng cui cng ti Chu u bit v ngun gc hng ho v phng vic ngi mua hng cui cng s lin lc vi nh sn xut mua hng trc tip th Nh bun trung gian yu cu hng tu i b vn n khc cho mnh v trong c thay i mt s thng tin nh cng xp hng, tn shipper,.... Thun tin cho vic thanh ton : Sau khi Nh bun trung gian thanh ton tin hng cho Ngi bn hng th Nh bun ny s c c b vn n trong tay v giao np b vn n ny cho hng tu ri yu cu hng tu i sang b vn n khc vi tn Shipper v tn Consignee khc dng n thanh ton vi Ngi mua hng Chu u. V d: nh ly v d trn, th lc ny nh trung gian s yu cu hang tu i b vn n vi tn ca shipper v consignee nh sau: Shipper : tn ca nh bun ti Singapore Consignee: tn ca ngi mua hng ti Chu u. Tm cch gim thu i vi hng ha xut khu v nhp khu cng nh cc qui nh khc ca cc quc gia m hng ha lun chuyn.: Trong nhiu trng hp do cc chnh sch v thu v cc qui nh khc ca cc quc gia, Ngi mua hng v Ngi bn hng phi tm cch "lch lut" bng bin php switch B/L. V d: Hng ca quc gia A khi bn vo quc gia C s b nh thu vi thu xut cao nhng hng ca quc gia B bn cho quc gia C th li c u i v thu quan nn nhiu khi Ngi bn v Ngi mua hng thng s dng cch ny gim thu. Vn n theo hp ng thu tu ( Charter party B/L ): l vn n c s dng trong trng hp hng ha c vn chuyn theo cc iu khon ca hp ng vn chuyn theo chuyn. Thng thng, trong vn n ny, khng bao gm mc c s php l ca vn n v cc iu khon v trch nhim v min trch nhim ca ngi vn ti. V nhng vn ny, ngi ta dn chiu n hp ng thu tu v cng c Bruxelles. Vn n theo hp ng thu tu mun c tc dng y phi c hp ng thu tu km theo ( v trn vn n phi dn chiu n cc iu khon ca hp ng km theo). Do , n khng c s dng c lp m phi i km vi hp ng thu tu m n dn chiu.

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Mt s cm t th hin s tham chiu trong vn n ny: "All terms and conditions as per charter party" hoc " To be used with charter party". S dng mt vn n Charter party c lp (khng km theo hp ng thu tu) s pht sinh nhiu vn lin quan n vic xc nh chnh xc ngi vn chuyn l ch tu ch thc hay ch tu danh ngha, v trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan theo vn n c bit khi ni dung/trch nhim trong hp ng thu tu c khc bit (mu thun) vi ni dung/trch nhim theo vn n. Tnh hung ny thng xy ra khi ch tu ch thc cho thu nh hn v ngi thu nh hn (ch tu danh ngha) cho bn th ba thu li di hnh thc tu chuyn. Vn n tu chuyn do ch tu danh ngha pht hnh. Gi s, ch tu danh ngha v l do no khng thanh ton tin thu tu khin ch tu thc phi cm gi hng ho vn chuyn trn tu i n theo ng hp ng time charter, th ch hng (ngi cm gi vn n gc) kh c th mang Charter Party Bill of Lading gc ra i hng mc d vn n ghi "freight prepaid". y l l do khin cc L/C thng t chp nhn loi vn n ny v e ngi ri ro. Vn n ch ( Master B/L ): l vn n do ngi chuyn ch chnh thc pht hnh. Vn n th cp hay vn n tp th ( House B/L ): l vn n do ngi chuyn ch khng chnh thc ( cn gi l ngi giao nhn ) pht hnh trn c s vn n ch khi h thc hin chc nng ca ngi vn chuyn. B/L thc xut Xc nhn thc xut: Vic "xc nhn thc xut" l: xc nhn "tnh trng" mt l hng xut khu (c coi l thc xut khu khi) c giao cho ngi giao nhn/ i l hng tu xp ln phng tin vn ti hoc c xp ln phng tin vn ti ca cn b hi quan. Cng chc thc xut s phi kim tra trn B/L cc du hiu cho thy hng ha c ngi vn chuyn nhn/hoc xp ln tu. Theo tp qun thng mi th khi hng c xp ln phng tin vn ti hoc giao cho ngi vn chuyn xp ln phng tin vn ti th ngi vn ti s pht hnh B/L cho l hng . V hnh thc, cc du hiu th hin trn B/L xc nh hng ha c giao/ nhn nh th no cho ngi vn chuyn gm cc cm t "shipped on board", "Loaded on M/V" "Laden on board", "clean on board" (ng nhin c hiu l hng xp ln tu) hoc, cc B/L c cm t "Received for shipment ". y l B/L c pht hnh khi ngi vn ti/ i l giao nhn mi nhn ch cha xp ln tu. Lu : cc vn n th cp House B/L ng bin khng thuc i tng c xem xt xc nhn thc xut.
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QUY TRNH B/L Trng hp khng qua trung gian m lin h trc tip hng tu
Gi L/C

Xc nhn mu B/L Shipper Gi B/L gc Carriers

Gi B/L gc

a mu B/L lp Gi email s B/L Trnh B/L gc Consignee a hng Carrier Agent

Bc 1: Shipper book vi hang tu l cn xut mt l hng v cung cp y nhng thng tin v l hng vi hng tu. Bc 2 : Hng tu xc nhn booking vi Shipper. Bc 3 : Shipper giao hng cho i l tu ti cng bc ng thi gi L/C v yu cu k pht vn n. Bc 4 : Nhm xc nh bng chng ca vic giao nhn hng, i l tu cng bc k pht cho ngi gi hng vn n gc, thng thng n gm 3 bn: 3/3 original B/L. sau , shipper xc nhn B/L ph hp. Bc 5 : C 2 trng hp: Cch 1 : Shipper trc tip gi 1 bn original B/L cho consignee ( nhng phi gi nhanh v s tr hng v phi gi m bo). Cch 2 : Shipper gi original B/L cho consignee thng qua h thng bank ( gi bng cch no l ph thuc vo cc phng thc thanh ton trong contract).

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Bc 6: i l ca hng tu ti cng d gi thng bo hng ti cho consignee ( NOA: notice of Arrival). y thng th consignee phi ch ng on ngy tu ti cng d ly hng ch ng hn. Bc 7: Consignee xut trnh B/L hp l. Bc 8: Bc i lnh: i l tu cng d k pht D/O ( delivery Order) ,thng thng 1 t B/L i c 3 t D/O ( cm 3 t em v ). Consignee lm th tc nhp khu, nu l hng nguyn container th i ti i l hng tu lm th tc ng thu bank ( nu c) v k cc mn container. Bc 9: i l tu cng d giao hng cho consignee trn c s consignee xut trnh lnh giao hng. Trng hp qua trung gian l mt dch v logistics L hng nhiu consignee:

C th cc bc nh sau: Bc 1: Shipper book vi trung gian chuyn hng l cn xut mt l hng v cung cp y nhng thng tin v l hng vi hng tu. Bc 2: nh trung gian by gi s da vo nhng thng tin m shipper a book vi hng tu.

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Bc 3: hng tu xc nhn booking vi trung gian, ng thi hng tu cp cont rng cho trung gian. Bc 4: trung gian xc nhn booking vi shipper. Bc 5: shipper sau khi c c booking ca trung gian th i ly cont ti bi cont rng, sau xp hng vo v mang cont ti bi cont y. Bc 6 : Sau khi ng hng xong, shipper gi chi tit bill cho trung gian. Trung gian lm mt bill hon chnh v a li cho shipper. Bill ny gi l House bill. Bc 7: shipper kim tra bill li mt ln na v xc nhn l bill hon chnh, ng yu cu vi nh trung gian. Sau , trung gian mi gi chi tit bill ny cho hng tu. Hng tu s pht hnh li mt bill vi tn ca shipper l: tn ca nh trung gian, consignee l tn ca i l trung gian bn nc nhp khu. Bill ny gi l Master bill. Bc 8 : C 2 trng hp: Cch 1 : Shipper trc tip gi 1 bn original B/L cho consignee ( nhng phi gi nhanh v s tr hng v phi gi m bo). Cch 2 : Shipper gi original B/L cho consignee thng qua h thng bank ( gi bng cch no l ph thuc vo cc phng thc thanh ton trong contract). Bc 9: i l ca hng tu ti cng d gi thng bo hng ti cho i l ca trung gian bn nc nhp khu ( NOA: notice of Arrival). y thng th i l trung gian chuyn hng phi ch ng on ngy tu ti cng d ly hng ch ng hn. Bc 10: i l ca trung gian chuyn hng xut trnh Master B/L hp l. ng thi, i l trung gian lm th tc nhp hng ti CFS ( container freight station) hay CY ( container Yard). Bc 11: Bc i lnh i l tu cng d k pht D/O ( delivery Order) ,thng thng 1 t B/L i c 3 t D/O ( cm 3 t em v ). i l trung gian lm th tc nhp khu, nu l hng nguyn container th i ti i l hng tu lm th tc ng thu bank ( nu c) v k cc mn container. Bc 12: i l tu cng d giao hng cho i l trung gian chuyn hng trn c s i l trung gian xut trnh lnh giao hng. Sau , i l trung gian chuyn hng v bn CFS bn nc nhp khu s thc hin nhn container ti cng v chuyn hng ha vo kho CFS, CY. Bc 13: lc ny, bn i l trung gian chuyn hng s bo cho consignee l hng n. consignee xut trnh House bill do shipper gi cho i l trung gian ny. Sau khi xc nhn tnh ng n ca B/L th Forwarding Agent tin hnh giao hng nh sau:

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Bn CFS t chc xut hng, nhp hng cn c vo lnh ca bn thu kho ( l i l trung gian chuyn hng) theo cc nguyn tc giao nhn hng ho xut nhp khu ra vo kho CFS v Php lut hin hnh cho Consignee.

CFS thu cc khon ph trn c s cn c vo hp ng vi bn thu kho ( Forwarding Agent). CFS kt hp vi Hi quan kho bi qun l xut nhp hng ho ra vo kho CFS theo quy ch qun l hng ho xut nhp khu chung ch hon thnh th tc hi quan.

L hng ch c mt consignee: quy trnh cng tng t nh trng hp qua Forwarding c nhiu consignee. Nhng ch khc l khi hng qua bn nc nhp khu th i l trung gian tin hnh chuyn hng ha vo kho CY. Cn trng hp nhiu consignee th c th chuyn hng ha vo kho CFS, CY.

3. KIM TRA VN N NG BIN

Kim tra s bn gc (Original): bn copy ca vn n c c xut trnh y theo quy nh ca L/C khng? Trng hp pht hnh nhiu bn th ni dung ca cc bn phi thng nht vi nhau. Trn mi bn phi ghi r s bn c lp mc Number of Original B(s)/L V d: trn bn copy phi ghi l:

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ni dung thng nht vi nhau v vi

bn chnh

Nu L/C quy nh FULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD OCEAN BILL OF LADING n v phi xut trnh b B/L, thng gm 3 bn Original.

Nu L/C quy nh: FULL 3/3 SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD MARINE BILL OF LADING AND TWO NON-NEGOTIABLE phi xut trnh mt b B/L gc (3 bn) v 2 bn B/L khng thng lng. n v xut khu phi gi chng t ng theo quy nh ca L/C: c th l b hoc 1/3, 2/3 bn Original. Nu gi b th L/C phi ni r l cho php xut trnh bn copy hay bn khng thng lng, nh: COPY NON-NEGOTIABLE BILL OF LADING FOR PRESENTATION IS ACCEPTABLE. Kim tra tn ngi gi hng (Shipper): Nu L/C khng qui nh g khc th mc Shipper c ghi tn v a ch ca ngi th hng (Beneficiary) chnh xc nh L/C qui nh.

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BILL OF LADING

Nu ngi mua khng mun cho ngi mua khc bit tn v a ch ca ngi khc nhm trnh trng hp ngi mua khc lin h trc tip vi ngi bn qui nh mt tn no mc Shipper (mua bn tay ba). Kim tra tn ngi nhn hng (Consignee): L/C qui nh: MAKE OUT TO ORDER OF SHIPPER AND BLANK ENDORSED TO ORDER OF SHIPPER L/C qui nh: MAKE OUT TO ORDER AND BLANK ENDORSED.. TO ORDER V mt sau c ch hng (Shipper) k hu trng. L/C qui nh: MAKE OUT TO ORDER OF (tn Ngn hng pht hnh) TO ORDER OF(tn Ngn hng) Ngi ch hng khng cn k hu. Sau ny khi n v nhp khu mun nhn hng th phi ch Ngn hng pht hnh lm th tc k hu B/L chuyn quyn s hu cho nh nhp khu. V d: Bn L/C qui nh l:

Bn B/L ghi l:

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BILL OF LADING

L/C qui nh: MAKE OUT TO APPLICANT tn v a ch ca Applicant. Ch hng khng cn k hu Mt s L/C qui nh c bit: MAKE OUT TO ORDER OF VIETCOMBANK HOCHIMINH CITY BLANK ENDORSED TO ORDER OF ISSUING BANK TO ORDER OF VIETCOMBANK HOCHIMINH CITY VCB s k hu trng mt sau B/L. Khi ngi mua nhn hng ch cn cm B/L ny th s iu kin nhn hng. Tm li, B/L ch cn c k hu ca Shipper hoc ca Issuing bank hoc Negotiating bank th ngi no cm B/L s nhn c hng. Kim tra tn ngi c thng bo (Notify Party): Thng thng L/C qui nh thng bo cho ngi yu cu m th tn dng (Applicant) NOTIFY APPLICANT. Nu L/C khng qui nh th mc nhin hiu l nh vy. Ngi c thng bo c th l i l ca ngi yu cu m L/C hoc mt ngi no trong trng hp mua bn tay ba NOTIFY PARTY..

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BILL OF LADING
Kim tra cng bc hng (Port of loading) v cng d hng (Port of Discharge): phi ghi theo yu cu ca L/C Theo UCP: Tr khi c s qui nh khc trong L/C, nu mt tn dng yu cu vn n chuyn hng t cng n cng, cc Ngn hng s chp nhn vn n ghi r cng bc hng v cng d hng theo qui nh trong L/C mc d n ghi mt ni nhn hng gi (Port of taking in charge) khc vi cng bc hng hoc mt ni cui cng (Place of final destination) khc vi cng d hng.

Ngn hng cng chp nhn vn n c ghi ch d nh intended hoc mt t tng t ni v cng bc hng v/hoc cng d hng theo qui nh ca L/C Nu B/L c cp intended th trn mc Clean on Board phi th hin hng ha c xp ln con tu no, ti cng no mt cch r rang. Nu L/C qui nh: TRANSHIPMENT: PROHIBITED th trn B/L khng c c biu hin no ca chuyn ti. Ngc li, nu L/C cho php chuyn ti th mi qui nh v tuyn ng cng nh tn cng chuyn ti, tn tu phi ng nh L/C qui nh v ch c mt vn n cho ton b cuc hnh trnh. Kim tra cc thng s: Kim tra phn m t hng ha: C th ghi tng qut khng cn y chi tit nh trn Ha n hoc L/C nhng phi th hin c loi hng ha chuyn ch l ng vi hng ha c tnh tin trn Ha n. Kim tra cc s liu: Trng lng gp (Gross Weight) Th tch (Measurement)

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BILL OF LADING
S kin hng. C ph hp vi cc chng t khc khng? (thng so snh vi Packing list) Kim tra s lng Container: hoc s bao kin c ghi bng s v bng ch c khp vi nhau khng? V d:

Kim tra cc iu kin ghi thm nh: s L/C, s hp ngc c th hin y hay cha? Kim tra cc nhm t th hin hng ha c bc ln tu (theo iu khon 20 ca UCP 600) : Trong tt c trng hp vic bc hng hoc vic xp hng ln mt con tu ch danh phi c chng minh bng li ghi ch trn vn n l hng bc ln tu v trong trng hp ngy ghi thng bo c coi l ngy giao hng. Vic kim tra cc nhm t th hin hng ha c xp ln tu v ngy ln tu m bo tnh hp l ca vn n Cc nhm t thng xut hin xc nhn hng ha c bc ln tu nh: Shipped on board hoc Clean on board hoc Clean shipped on board Nhm t th hin nhn hng xp l Received on board V d 1: Ch c mt tu chuyn ch chng hn l tu CAPE FALCON V.0012S

Th vic xc nhn hng ha c bc ln tu ch cn c t CLEAN ON BOARD

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Ngy giao hng V d 2 : C hai tu chuyn ch c th hin trn B/L nh

HARI BRUM V.138

Th vic xc nhn hng ha c bc ln tu ngoi t CLEAN ON BOARD, phi c thm tn tu

M/V HARI BRUM V.138 NOV 14, 2010

Mt iu cn lu l UCP khng yu cu On Board khi c ghi thm phi k thng hoc k tt (tr khi th tn dng bt buc). Cho n nay cc cng ty xut khu yu cu i l/ hng tu/ thuyn trng k vo phn ny nhng khng cn thit

Kim tra ngy giao hng ln tu trc hay sau ngy giao hng cui cng quy nh L/C. V d: Nu L/C quy nh c th vic giao hng cho mi chng loi hng ha vo cc thi im khc th phi i chiu xem c ph hp khng chng hn L/C quy nh 5 MT DRIED ROASTED SQUID SIZE 3L L: 3 MT IN MAY 2010 SIZE 2M M: 2 MT IN JUNE 2010

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Gi s n v xut khu giao hng loi SIZE 3L-L vo ngy 29/5/2010 l hp l theo L/C. Cn trc ngy 1/5 hay sau ngy 31/5 l bt hp l Kim tra ngy lp B/L: ngy lp B/L thng c ghi gc di bn phi ca B/L Nu vn n c ghi sn SHIPPED ON BOARD th ngy pht hnh B/L l ngy xp hng ln tu cng chnh l ngy giao hng

Ngy lp B/L = ngy xp

Nu vn n ghi Received For Shipment th ngy pht hnh B/L c th trc hoc trng ngy xp hng ln tu. Ngy pht hnh hay ngy k vn n y phi l ngy trc hay trng vi ngy ca thi hn giao hng cui cng c ghi trong L/C Ngoi ra, ngi ta da vo ngy pht hnh vn n xc nh xem vn n ny cn hiu lc hay khng? C trng hp tu n trc vn n (gi l vn n n chm Stale Bill of Laiding) do khong cch di chuyn ngn th cc nh xut khu phi d tnh thi gian gii hn xut trnh c ghi trong chng t L/C. Nu khng quy nh trong L/C th cc Ngn hng s khng chp nhn vn n xut trnh sau 21 ngy k t ngy k B/L (cng nn lu n thi hn ca L/C). Kim tra ngi k pht vn n: Nu L/C ch nh ch danh hng tu s chuyn ch l hng th B/L phi c lp bi hng tu c ch nh V d: L/C ch ch danh nh chuyn ch nh sau SHIPMENT MUST BE EFFECTED ONLY BY MAERSK LINE AND/OR SEA LAND, OTHER COMPANIES ARE PROHIBITED.

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BILL OF LADING
Nh chuyn ch phi l MAERSK LINE hoc SEA LAND hoc i l ca nhng hng tu ny cp th mi c Ngn hng chp nhn Nu L/C khng quy nh c th th Ngn hng s chp nhn vn n do bt k hng tu no cp min l c ghi r tn nh chuyn ch, c k tn hoc chng thc bi nh chuyn ch, i din cho nh chuyn ch hay thuyn trng Ch k hay chng thc phi ghi r tn v nng lc ca h chng hn, ngi k chng thc B/L l: L nh chuyn ch th phi ghi r l AS CARRIER bn di ch k v du chng thc

L thuyn trng th ghi l AS MASTER L i l i din cho nh chuyn ch th ghi l AS AGENT FOR THE CARRIER (Tn hng tu) Lu : Tn v nng lc php l ca ngi k pht vn n cng phi c th hin ch ni dung xc nhn hng ha c xp ln tu Kim tra cc iu kin c bit khc: Nu L/C quy nh SHIPMENT MUST BE EFFECTED BY FCL CARGO AND B/L TO EVIDENCE THIS EFFECTED IS REQUIRED th trn B/L phi c ni dung FCL/FCL (Full container load) hng ha phi c xp vo container ring bit (c th y hoc khng y)

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BILL OF LADING

Ngoi ra cn c mt s thut ng trong vn n nh:

LCL/LCL (hoc l CFS/CFS) : c th nhiu ngi gi hng trong mt container

CY/CY (Container Yard) : c xp hng vo ti x nghip sau mi chuyn ra kho (thng dng cho FCL/FCL) Nu L/C quy nh hng ha phi c chuyn ch trong Container nh sau: GOODS STOWED IN REFRIGERATED CONTAINER THAT MUST KEEP THE GOODS DURING THE VOYAGE AT THE TEMPERATURE OF MINUS 18 DEGREES CELCIUS OR LOWER hng tu phi ghi li nguyn vn ni dung trn vo vn n. Kim tra B/L c c k hu v k hu theo ng yu cu ca L/C hay khng Nu L/C yu cu k hu trng BLANK ENDORSED th ngi gi hng ch cn ghi tn, a ch ca mnh v ng du, k tn mt sau ca B/L Nu L/C yu cu k ch danh ENDORSED TO ORDER OF DAO HENG BANK th ngi gi hng s th hin mt sau B/L nh sau TO ORDER OF DAO HENG BANK (Tn v a ch cng ty) K tn

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BILL OF LADING
Kim tra vn n c hon ho hay khng: Theo iu 27 UCP 600 th vn n hon ho l mt vn n khng c cc iu khon hay ghi ch nu tnh trng khuyt tt ca hng ha v/ hoc ca bao b nh broken case hay secondhand bags Theo phng Thng mi quc t (ICC) th Ngn hng khng c trch nhim kim tra nhng iu kin, iu khon th hin nhng ni dung sau: Thng tin ghi thm ca hng tu v : tn, a ch ca i l hng tu ti nc nhp khu s ph trch vic giao hng khi tu cp bn, cc chi ph lu kho m khch hng phi chu (nu c) Cc iu khon v trch nhim v min trch nhim ca nh chuyn ch th hin mt sau ca B/L Cn lu mi sa i, ghi ch b sung phi c ng du v xc nhn ca hng tu. Tham chiu thm thng tin m L/C yu cu c ph hp vi quy nh trong L/C hay khng nh s L/C, s giy php xut khu. * CC BT HP L THNG GP
1. Bt hp l giao hng tr : ngy xp hng ln tu sau ngy giao hng cui cng

quy nh trong L/C V d: L/C quy nh LATEST DATE OF SHIPMENT 101101 nhng trn B/L th hin ngy CLEAN ON BOARD l NOV 3, 2010 2. Tn v a ch ca ngi gi hng, ngi nhn hng, ngi c thng bo khng khp vi quy nh ca L/C hoc sai v li chnh t n v xut khu thng hiu lm Consignee phi ghi tn ngi xin m L/C nhng thc t mc ny c th ghi tn APPLICANT hoc tn mt ngi khc (Third Party) hoc khng ghi tn ai m ch ghi TO ORDER (ph bin l TO ORDER OF ISSUING BANK ) Sai st phn ny d lm cho Ngn hng pht hnh t chi thanh ton Ngoi ra, B/L cng thng sai v tn ngi c thng bo (Notify Party) c bit trong trng hp L/C quy nh Notify khc vi Applicant
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3. Cng bc hng v cng d hng khng khp vi quy nh ca L/C V d: L/C quy nh bc hng t cng SAIGON giao n cng BUSAN KOREA nhng thc t ngi bn li bc hng t cng SAIGON v giao n cng INCHON KOREA nguyn nhn do

n v xut khu khng thu c tu chy ng hnh trnh ca L/C n v xut khu phi thng lng vi n v nhp khu chp nhn vic giao hng sai cng quy nh. Khi nh nhp khu ng th mi yu cn Ngn hng pht hnh chp nhn thanh ton. Tuy nhin pha Ngn hng chit khu vn xem y l mt bt hp l nn c th t chi hoc hn ch vic chit khu b chng t

Hoc do Ngn hng pht hnh quy nh cng bc hng l HOCHIMINH PORT nhng thc t khng c cng HOCHIMINH m ch c SAIGON, TANTHUAN, nn h lp theo hiu bit ca mnh v ghi l SAIGON PORT phn Port of Loading trn B/L dn n bt hp l

SAIGON, VIETNAM

4. C sai st v li chnh t khi m t hng ha hoc cc thng tin v s lng, k

m hiub thiu hoc khng ng nht vi cc chng t khc.

5. Thiu iu khon qui nh cc ph tr trc hay tr sau hoc do sai st m

ngi lp chng t th hin iu ny mt cch mu thun nh: iu khon cc ph th ghi FREIGHT PREPAID (ph tr trc) nhng mc Payable at li ghi ch DESTINATION (ph tr ni n) V d: iu kin cc ph ghi l

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Vi thng tin v cng bc hng v ni n l:

Nhng mc Freight payable at li ghi:

Thay v

6. Trn B/L khng th hin cc iu kin c bit nh L/C qui nh.

V d: Trn L/C qui nh CONTAINER WERE LINE WITH FRAFT PAPER BOARD ON ALL SIDES INCLUDING FLOOR/ROOF TO AVOID BAGS IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH CONTAINER AND STUFFED WITH SILICA GEL TO AVOID CONDENSATION OF MOITURE AND B/L EVIDENCE THIS EFFECTED IS REQUIRED. Tuy nhin trn B/L khng xc nhn Hoc trn L/C qui nh : B/L MUST SHOW FCL/FCL AND L/C NUMBER nhng trn B/L khng th hin iu ny. 7. B/L c lp bi i l ca hng tu nhng ngi ny khng nu r nng lc php l ca mnh.

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V d: SOS AGENCY l i l ca nh chuyn ch MAERSK LINE vi Master Captian l ng Bi Quc Hng th khi SOS AGENCY k pht B/L phi ghi r AS AGENT FOR THE MAERSK LINE AS CARRIERS ( hoc nh v d di) km vi ch k v du chng thc ca mnh B/L khng th hin nh th u b coi l bt hp l.

B/L hp l
8. Trn B/L khng c dng hng ha c xp ln tu: CLEAN ON

BOARRD. Tuy nhin theo iu 20 UCP600 qui nh nh sau: Trng hp trn B/L th hin l tu d nh Intended vessel hay nhng t tng t th trn cu ghi ch Clean on board phi th hin ngy bc hng ln tu, ghi r tn tu ngay c n l tu d nh. Khng cho php th hin vic xp hng ln tu bng ch in sn trn B/L. Trng hp B/L th hin ni nhn hng gi Place of Receipt khc vi cng bc Port of Loading th trong ghi ch Clean on board phi bao gm cng bc hng nh L/C qui nh, tn con tu m hng ha bc ln tu.
9. B/L khng c k hu khi Consignee l TO ORDER hay TO ORDER OF

SHIPPER
10. Cc ty xa hoc ghi b sung m khng c ng du sa cha ca ngi k

pht. Nu ngi bn sa m ng du sa ca h cng l bt hp l.

11. Xut trnh cc loi vn n khng c gi tr thanh ton trong trng hp L/C

khng cho php ngi mua khng nhn c hng nh:

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BILL OF LADING
Vn n tp th (House B/L): y l loi vn n k pht cho nhiu ngi gi hng chung mt container. Vn n nhn hng gi (Received for shipment B/L): ta khng xc nh c hng ha c xp ln tu hay khng nu khng c ghi ch g nh xut khu nn yu cu ngi k pht B/L thm cu: CLEAN ON BOARD ng thi ghi ngy thng bn di v k tn. Nu L/C ch yu cu xut trnh vn n ng bin th Ngn hng t chi nhng loi vn n sau: Vn n ca tu chy bng bum Vn n do ngi giao nhn lp Nu c s ng ca ngi mua, Ngn hng c th chp nhn do nh giao nhn mc d L/C khng ni r l cho php xut trnh loi vn n ny, vi iu kin vn n phi ghi r nh giao nhn l i l ca mt hng chuyn ch c nu ch danh, trn B/L phi ghi: AS AGENT FOR THE CARRIER(tn hng chuyn ch).

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