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HIROCACBON KHNG NO
BI TP V ANKEN
Cu 1: Anken X c cng thc cu to: CH3CH2C(CH3)=CHCH3. Tn ca X l
A. isohexan.
B. 3-metylpent-3-en.
C. 3-metylpent-2-en.
D. 2-etylbut-2-en.
Cu 2: S ng phn ca C4H8 l
A. 7.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 5.
Ch ng phn hnh hc Xem li file vit p + cng thc + Cch xc nh p hnh hc Chuyn 1
C4H8 c k = 1 => 1 pi hoc 1 vng => ng phn dng anken hoc xicloankan
Xt p anken Ch p hnh hc
CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 ko c phh =>1 ;
CH3 CH = CH CH3 c p hh =>2
CH2 =C(CH3) CH3 ko phh =>1
Xicloankan : Vng 3 cnh CH3 Tam gic CH3 => 1
Vng 4 cnh => 1 => Tng cng c 6 => C
Mnh vit tt 3 cnh v 4 cnh hiu l tam gic v hnh vung
D. 10.
C5H10 c k =1 + mch h => anken ; ng phn cu to => Khng tnh ng phn hnh hc. Xem file xc nh ng phn i thi hay b
la
CH2 = CH CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH =CH CH2 CH3 ; CH2=CH CH(CH3) CH3
CH2 =C(CH3) CH2 CH3 CH3 C(CH3)=CH CH3
=> Tng c 5 => B
C. 6.
D. 7.
C. 6.
D. 10.
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
C2H5
=> 5 p xicloankan
CH3
Cu 6: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca X. Cc cht
X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng
A. ankin.
B. ankan.
C. ankaien.
D. anken.
MZ = 2MX + X , Y , Z ng ng k tip => X , Y , Z l anken C th X l C2H4 v Z l C4H8
Cu 8: Vitamin A cng thc phn t C20H30O, co cha 1 vong 6 canh va khng co cha lin kt ba. S lin kt i trong phn
t vitamin A la
A. 7.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Cu 9: Licopen, cng thc phn t C40H56 la cht mau o trong qua ca chua, chi cha lin kt i va lin kt n trong phn t.
Hiro hoa hoan toan licopen c hirocacbon C40H82. Vy licopen co
A. 1 vong; 12 ni i.
B. 1 vong; 5 ni i.
C. 4 vong; 5 ni i.
D. mach h; 13 ni i.
C40H56 c tng s pi + vng = (2.40 56 + 2)/2 = 13 => Loi B v C.
C40H56 ch cha lin kt i v lin kt n => loi trng hp vng ny mnh ko chc
Hoc hidro ha hon ton to ra C40H82 ankan => C40H56 nu ng th c 1 vng 3 cnh cn li 12 i th mnh ngh vn ng . => D
th chc chn hn , cn A c trng hp c bit 1 vng 3 cnh + 12 i th ng
=> D
Cu 10: Cho cc cht sau: 2-metylbut-1-en (1); 3,3-imetylbut-1-en (2); 3-metylpent-1-en (3);
3-metylpent-2-en (4); Nhng cht no l ng phn ca nhau ?
A. (3) v (4).
B. (1), (2) v (3).
C. (1) v (2).
D. (2), (3) v (4).
ng phn => Cng CTPT: (1) C5H10 ; 2 ,3 ,4 u l C6H10 => 2,3,4 cng l ng phn.
D. 2,3- imetylpent-2-en.
K c p hh :R1#R2 v R3#R4 1
2
3
4
A loi v R1 v R2 u l CH3 : CH3 C(CH3) = CH CH3
1
2
3
4
B loi v - 1-en => R1 v R2 u l H : CH2 = C(Cl) CH2 CH3
1
2
3
4
C ng v tha mn k : CH3 C(Cl) =C(Cl) CH3 R1 # R2 v R3#R4 ; CH3 #Cl =>C
1
2
3
4
5
D sai v R1 ging R2 CH3:
CH3 C(CH3) = C(CH3) CH2 CH3
Cu 15: Khi cho but-1-en tc dng vi dung dch HBr, theo qui tc Maccopnhicop sn phm no sau y l sn phm chnh ?
A. CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH2Br.
C. CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH3.
B. CH2Br-CH2-CH2-CH2Br .
D. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2Br.
SGK 11nc 162 => sn phm chnh Halogen vo C t H cn H vo C nhiu H
Hoc halogen vo C bc cao nht v H vo C cn li
Bc
1
2
3
4
But 1 en : CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 + HBr => CH3 CHBr CH2 CH3 => C
Cu 16: Anken C4H8 c bao nhiu ng phn khi tc dng vi dung dch HCl ch cho mt sn phm hu c duy nht ?
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
P to anken + HCl to ra 1 sn phm duy nht => Anken i xng
Cu 17: Cho cc cht: xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en, 2-metylbut-2-en. Dy gm cc cht sau khi phn ng
vi H2 (d, xc tc Ni, to), cho cng mt sn phm l:
A. xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en v but-1-en.
B. but-1-en, 2-metylpropen v cis-but-2-en.
C. xiclobutan, 2-metylbut-2-en v but-1-en.
D. 2-metylpropen, cis -but-2-en v xiclobutan.
Cu 18: Cho hn hp tt c cc ng phn mch h ca C 4H8 tc dng vi H2O (H+,to) thu c ti a bao nhiu sn phm
cng ?
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 5
P vi H2O => OH vo C bc cao v H vo C cn li C=C
AD Cu 2 => CH2 = CH CH2 CH3
=> sp OH-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 hoc CH3 CH(OH)-CH2 CH3
CH3 CH = CH CH3 => sp : CH3 CH(OH) CH2 CH3
CH2 =C(CH3) CH3 => sp : CH3 (OH)C(CH3) CH3 hoc OH CH2 CH(CH3) CH3
Gp 3 trng hp => c 4 sn phm TH1 v TH2 cng CH3 CH(OH) CH2 CH3
=> B
Cu 19: C bao nhiu anken th kh (kt) m khi cho mi anken tc dng vi dung dch HCl ch cho mt sn phm hu
c duy nht ?
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
SGK 11 nc 159 => Anken th kh t C2 ti C4
Vi C2H4 => to ra 1 cht anken i xng
C3H6 => C = C C => to ra 2 sn phm anken bt i xng
C4H6 => C - C = C C => mi ng phn hnh hc to ra 1 sn phm => 2 cht
tng l 3 : C2H4 ; cis C4H6 ; trans C4H6 => C mnh Khng dm khng nh cis v trans
Cu ny khng chc p n.
Cu 23: S cp ng phn cu to anken th kh (kt) tho mn iu kin: Khi hirat ho to thnh hn hp gm ba ancol l
A. 6.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Anken th kh => C2 ti C4 SGK 11 nc 159 Hidrat ha l p anken + H2O => Ru SGK 11 nc 161
Cu 24: S cp ng phn anken th kh (kt) tho mn iu kin: Khi hirat ho to thnh hn hp gm ba ancol l:
A. 6.
B. 7.
C. 5.
D. 8.
Cu 25: Hp cht X c CTPT C3H6, X tc dng vi dung dch HBr thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Vy X l:
A. propen.
B. propan.
C. isopropen.
D. xicloropan.
C3H6 => k = 1 => 1pi hoc 1 vng => loi B . Khng c p n C . i vi Cht c 3C khng c iso.
=> A v D . M A to ra 2 sn phm => D ng Hoc thy ngay p SGK bi xicloankan
Cu 27: C hai ng nghim, mi ng cha 1 ml dung dch brom trong nc c mu vng nht. Thm vo ng th nht 1 ml
hexan v ng th hai 1 ml hex-1-en. Lc u c hai ng nghim, sau yn hai ng nghim trong vi pht. Hin tng quan
st c l:
Cu 31: iu ch etilen trong phng th nghim t C2H5OH, (H2SO4 c, 170oC) thng ln cc oxit nh SO2, CO2. Cht dng
lm sch etilen l:
A. dd brom d.
B. dd NaOH d.
C. dd Na2CO3 d.D. dd KMnO4 long d.
Lm sch etilen tc l lm mt i SO2 v CO2 trong kh etilen.
Xt A dd Br2 d => Etilen v SO2 u lm mt mu => khng th loi c
B ng v ch c SO2 v CO2 p => cn li etilen => B
SO2 + NaOH d => Na2SO3 + H2O ; CO2 + NaOH d => Na2CO3 + H2O
C sai v khng cht no p
D sai v Etilen v SO2 u p.
D. 2-Metylbut-2-en.
Cu 35: Khi lng etilen thu c khi un nng 230 gam ru etylic vi H2SO4 m c, hiu sut phn ng t 40% l:
A. 56 gam.
B. 84 gam.
C. 196 gam.
D. 350 gam.
Phn ng tch H2O SGK 11 nc 227
Ru etylic C2H5OH => C2H5OH => C2H4 etilen + H2O
5 mol
=> 5 mol
Cu 36: Cho 3,36 lt hn hp etan v etilen (ktc) i chm qua qua dung dch brom d. Sau phn ng khi lng bnh brom
tng thm 2,8 gam. S mol etan v etilen trong hn hp ln lt l:
A. 0,05 v 0,1.
B. 0,1 v 0,05.
C. 0,12 v 0,03. D. 0,03 v 0,12.
C lin kt pi => c phn ng cng Br2 => EtilenC2H4 p vi Br2 cn etanC2H6 khng p.
SGK 11 nc 160 ; anken p cng Br2
Tng qut : X + kBr2 => XBr2k X l cht hu c mch h c k 1 k = 0 l ankan ko c p cng
P cng xut pht t lin kt pi
Tng qut vi k = 1 => CnH2nOz ; k =2 => CnH2n-2Oz k=1 c gc hidrocacbon ging Anken; k = 2 c gc hidrocabon ging Ankin
VD: C2H4 + Br2 => C2H4Br2 V C2H4 c k = pi
C3H6O2 + Br2 => C3H6O2Br2 v C3H6O2 c k = 1
C5H8 + 2Br2 => C5H8Br4 V c k =2
Cng Br2 nh cng X2 , H2 ; X l halogen
m bnh tng = mAnken cho vo V anken b hp th - BT khi lng
=> mC2H4 = 2,8 g => nC2H4 = 0,1 mol => nC2H6Etan = nhh nC2H4 = 0,15 0,1 = 0,05 => A
Cu 37: 2,8 gam anken A lam mt mau va u dung dich cha 8 gam Br2. Hirat hoa A chi thu c mt ancol duy nht. A co
tn la:
A. etilen.
B. but - 2-en.
C. hex- 2-en.
D. 2,3-dimetylbut-2-en.
Hidrat ha A p anken + H2O => ancol => thu c 1 sn phm => Mch i xng
Cc p n A,B,D i xng
A. CH2 = CH2 ; B . CH3 CH=CH-CH3 ; C. CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 Ko i xng
D. CH3 C(CH3) =C(CH3)-CH3
A , B , C , D u l anken ui en => nAnken = nBr2 = 0,05 mol
=> M anken = 2,8 / 0,05 = 56 = 14n n = 4 CnH2n => C4H8 => B Ch c B c 4C
Cu 38: 0,05 mol hirocacbon X lam mt mau va u dung dich cha 8 gam brom cho ra san phm co ham lng brom at
69,56%. Cng thc phn t cua X la:
A. C3H6.
B. C4H8.
C. C5H10.
D. C5H8.
Ta c nX = nBr2 = 1 =k => Hidrocabon c CT : CnH2n Bi 36
P : CnH2n + Br2 => CnH2nBr2
%Br = 160.100% / (14n+160) = 69,56% n = 5 Cch bm nh chuyn 1 ; ly 160.100%/69,56 - 160 sau ly kt qu chia 14 => n =
5 => C5H10 =>C
Cu 39: Dn t t 8,4 gam hn hp X gm but-1-en v but-2-en li chm qua bnh ng dung dch Br 2, khi kt thc phn ng
thy c m gam brom phn ng. m c gi tr l:
A. 12 gam.
B. 24 gam.
C. 36 gam.
D. 48 gam.
But 1 en ; But 2 en l ng phn ca C4H8
=> n hn hp = 8,4 / 56 = 0,15 mol = nBr2 V k =1 :anken => mBr2 p = 24g => B
Cu 40: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng
thm 7,7 gam. Thnh phn phn % v th tch ca hai anken l:
A. 25% v 75%.
B. 33,33% v 66,67%. C. 40% v 60%.
D. 35% v 65%.
Anken p vi Br2 => m bnh tng = mAnken p = 7,7 g V anken p vi dd Br2
Gi CT ca hn hp : CnH2n => M =
mhh 7,7
=
= 51,33 = 14n <=> n = 3,67 => n=3 v n = 4 2 anken kt tip nhau
nhh 0,15
Xem li cch xc nh % th tch nhanh Bi 47 chuyn 2 hoc trong file pp gii nhanh ha hu c
%C4H8 = 67% Hay 66,67 mnh lm trn % C ln = s sau du ,
=> % C3H6 = 100 % - %S ln = 33,33 % => B
Cu 41: Hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng lin tip c th tch 4,48 lt ( ktc). Nu cho hn hp X i qua bnh ng nc
brom d, khi lng bnh tng ln 9,8 gam. % th tch ca mt trong 2 anken l:
A. 50%.
B. 40%.
C. 70%.
D. 80%.
Tng t Bi 40 => n = 3,5 => %C4H8 = 50% => %C3H6 = 50% => A
Cu 42: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng
thm 7,7 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l:
C. C4H8 v C5H10.
D. C5H10 v C6H12.
Cu 43: Mt hn hp X c th tch 11,2 lt (ktc), X gm 2 anken ng ng k tip nhau. Khi cho X qua nc Br 2 d thy
khi lng bnh Br2 tng 15,4 gam. Xc nh CTPT v s mol mi anken trong hn hp X.
A. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,3 mol C3H6.
B. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C4H8.
C. 0,4 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C3H6.
D. 0,3 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C3H6.
Tng t bi 40 => n = 2,2 => n = 2C2H4 v n =3 C3H6 2 anken lin tip
Xem li bi 47 chuyn 2 . Tm t l s mol 2 cht lin tip t n
0,2nC2H4 = 0,8nC3H6 nC2H4 = 4nC3H6 => chn nC3H6 = x mol => nC2H4 = 4xmol
M nC2H4 + nC3H6 = 0,5 mol => x = 0,1 => nC2H4 = 0,4 ; nC3H6 = 0,1 => C
=>
mY
mAnkan
15
14n+2
15
=
=
=
n = 2 => C2H6 vaf C2H4
mhhX mAnkan+mAnken 29
14n+2 + 14n 29
Cu 46 : Hn hp X gm metan v 1 olefin. Cho 10,8 lt hn hp X qua dung dch brom d thy c 1 cht kh bay ra, t chy
hon ton kh ny thu c 5,544 gam CO2. Thnh phn % v th tch metan v olefin trong hn hp X l:
A. 26,13% v 73,87%.
B. 36,5% v 63,5%.
C. 20% v 80%.
D. 73,9% v 26,1%.
Metan CH4 v Olefinanken CnH2n 1 cht kh l CH4 V anken b Br2 d hp th
nCH4 = nCO2 to ra = 0,126 mol Bt nguyn t C
VCH4 = 2,8224 => %CH4 = 2,6133 .100% / 10,8 = 26,13% => % Anken = 73,87% => A
Cu 47: Cho 8960 ml (ktc) anken X qua dung dch brom d. Sau phn ng thy khi lng bnh brom tng 22,4 gam. Bit X
c ng phn hnh hc. CTCT ca X l:
A. CH2=CHCH2CH3.
B. CH3CH=CHCH3.
C. CH3CH=CHCH2CH3.
D. (CH3)2C=CH2.
X c ng phn hnh hc => Loi A v D Xem li k ng phn hnh hc
Tng t bi 40 => n = 4 => C4H8 => B v C c 5C
Cu 48: a. Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c cht hu c Y (cha 74,08%
Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi ca X l:
A. but-1-en.
B. but-2-en.
C. Propilen.
D. Xiclopropan.
p n => u c th p cng Br2 v u c 1 pi hoc 1 vng => Cng thc : CnH2n
PT : CnH2n + Br2 => CnH2nBr2 => %Br = 160.100% / (14n + 160) = 74,08 n= 4 => Loi C,D
X p vi HBr thu c 2 sn phm => X l anken khng i xng => A :CH2=CH-CH2-CH3
b. Hirocacbon X cng HCl theo ti l mol 1:1 tao san phm co ham lng clo la 55,04%. X co cng thc phn t l:
A. C4H8.
B. C2H4.
C. C5H10.
D. C3H6.
p n => X c CT : CnH2n
Cu 49: Hn hp X gm metan v anken, cho 5,6 lt X qua dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh brom tng 7,28 gam v c
2,688 lt kh bay ra (ktc). CTPT ca anken l:
A. C4H8.
B. C5H10.
C. C3H6.
D. C2H4
Metan CH4 v Anken CnH2n
Tng t bi 44 => V kh bay ra = nAnkan = 2,688 lt => V anken = Vhh Vankan = 5,6 2,688 = 2,912 lt => nAnken = 0,13 mol +
mAnken = m bnh tng = 7,28 => M anken = 7,28/0,13 =14n =>n = 4 =>A
Cu 50: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 7,7 gam. CTPT
ca 2 anken l:
A. C2H4 v C4H8. B. C3H6 v C4H8.
C. C4H8 v C5H10.
D. A hoc B.
Tng t bi 40 => n = 3,67 => A v B ng V n = 3,67 nm gia 2 v 4 A ; 3 v 4 B
C sai v n = 3,67 < 4 ; <5 => D
Cu 51: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (54,6oC; 0,8064 atm) gm 2 olefin li qua bnh dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh brom
tng 16,8 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l (Bit s C trong cc anken khng vt qu 5)
A. C2H4 v C5H10.B. C3H6 v C5H10.
C. C4H8 v C5H10.
D. A hoc B.
ADCT : nhn hp = PV/T.0,082 = (0,8064.10/((273+54,6).0,082) = 0,3 mol
=> M=
16,8
=14n n = 4 => A , B tha mn V n nm gia 2 v 5 A ; 3 v 5B
0,3
Cu 52: Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn phm c thnh phn khi lng clo l 45,223%.
Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C3H6.
B. C4H8.
C. C2H4.
D. C5H10.
Tng t b bi 48 => n = 3 => C3H6 => A
Cu 53: Cho hn hp X gm etilen v H2 c t khi so vi H2 bng 4,25. Dn X qua bt niken nung nng (hiu sut phn ng
75%) thu c hn hp Y. T khi ca Y so vi H2 (cc th tch o cng iu kin) l:
A. 5,23.
B. 3,25.
C. 5,35.
D. 10,46.
Dng bi anken p vi H2 cho M hn hp trc v H% => Tm M hn hp sau
Hoc cho M trc ; M sau tm H% ; hoc H% v M sau tm M trc
Phng php mo: Lun chn nAnken = 1 mol => nH2 t M trc
Hoc Gi x, y l s mol Anken v H2 t M => t l gia x v y sau chn
Tm ra s khi lng trc p .
Bo ton khi lng => m trc = m sau
VD: bi trn etilen C2H4
Cch 1: chn 1mol C2H4 => M trc = (mC2H4 + mH2) / (nC2H4 + nH2) = 8,5 (I)
(28 + 2x) / (1+x) = 8,5 => x = 3 mol X l nH2
m trc = mC2H4 + mH2 = 28 + 3.2 = 34 g = m sau
Cch 2 : (I) (28x + 2y) / (x + y) = 8,5 3x = y => chn x = 1 => y = 3 Cch ny l ng cho
Mnh hay dng cch chn => bm my tnh
Tip theo p vo Phng trnh: gi x , y ln lt l s mol CnH2n ; H2
PT :
CnH2n +
H2
=>
CnH2n+2
Ban u:x mol
y mol
P
x mol
=>
x mol =>
xmol
Sau p
y x mol
x mol
nSau p = nH2 d + nCnH2n+2 to thnh = y x + x = y mol Chnh bng s mol H2 - Nh
M sau = m trc / nH2 Cng thc Vi H% = 100% , Anken p ht
Nu c H% => nCnH2n p = x.H%
PT:
CnH2n + H2
=> CnH2n+2
Ban u x mol
ymol
P
x.H% =>
x.H% mol
=> x.H% mol
Sau p
x x.H%
y x.H%
x.H%
n sau p = nCnH2n d + nH2 d + nCnH2n+2 to thnh
= (x x.H%) + y x.H% + x.H% = x + y - x.H%
M sau = m trc / (x+y x.H%)
M sau= M trc . n trc / (x+y x.H%) = Mtrc . (x+y)/(x+y x.H%)
Cng thc tng qut i vi H%
Cng thc p dng gii nhanh vi dng ny => ch thi c.
Nu khng ni n H% => coi nh 100%
AD bi trn => m trc = 34 g ; x = 1mol ; y = 3mol ; H% = 75%
Cu 54: Cho H2 v 1 olefin c th tch bng nhau qua Niken un nng ta c hn hp A. Bit t khi hi ca A i vi H2
l 23,2. Hiu sut phn ng hiro ho l 75%. Cng thc phn t olefin l
A. C2H4.
B. C3H6.
C. C4H8.
D. C5H10.
Ta c H2 v olefin Anken CnH2n c th tch bng nhau => Chn nH2 = nOlefin = 1 mol
ADCT bi trn
M sau = m trc / (x + y x.H%) vi x = y = 1 M sau = 23,2.2 = 46,4 t l vi H2 = 23,2
m trc = mAnken + mH2
=> 46,4 = (14n + 2) / (1 + 1 1.0,75) n = 4 => C
Cu 55: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht. T khi ca X so vi H2
bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc
brom; t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l:
A. CH3CH=CHCH3.
B. CH2=CHCH2CH3.
C. CH2=C(CH3)2.
D. CH2=CH2.
Anken cng HBr to ra sp duy nht => anken i xng => Loi B v C
Y khng lm mt mu nc Brom => Anken ht => H% = 100%
AD Cng thc bi trn => M sau = Mtruoc. (x+y) / (x + y x.1)
13.2 = 9,1.2 .(x+y) / y 3,9y = 9,1x 3y = 7x => Chn x = 3 mol => y = 7 mol
(Mo chn t l i nhau 3y => chn x = 3 ; 7x => chn y = 7)
M trc = (mAnken + mH2) / (nAnken + nH2)
9,1.2 = (3.14n + 7.2) / (3+7) n = 4 => A
(Hoc c th ly t l 3,9y = 9,1x => chn x =3,9 => y = 9,1 => l => a v nguyn nh trn co d
Cu 56: Cho hn hp X gm anken v hiro c t khi so vi heli bng 3,33. Cho X i qua bt niken nung nng n khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi heli l 4. CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H4.
B. C3H6.
C. C4H8.
D. C5H10.
T khi vi Heli He2; M =4
Tng t bi 55 => 0,67y = 3,33x 67y = 333x => chn y = 333 => x =67
M trc = (67.14n + 333.2)/(67 + 333) = 3,33.4 n ~ 5 => D :C5H10 S liu hi l
Cu 58: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp eten, propen, but-2-en cn dng va b lt oxi ( ktc) thu c 2,4 mol CO 2 v
2,4 mol nc. Gi tr ca b l:
A. 92,4 lt.
B. 94,2 lt.
C. 80,64 lt.
D. 24,9 lt.
BT nguyn t Oxi : 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O nO2 = 3,6 mol => V = 80,64 lt => C
Cu 59: t chy hon ton V lt (ktc) hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 thu c 0,15 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 2,24.
B. 3,36.
C. 4,48.
D. 1,68.
BT nguyn t C , H vi x,y ln lt l s mol CH4 , C2H4
x + 2y = nCO2 ; 4x + 4y = 2nH2O x + 2y = 0,15 ; 4x + 4y = 0,4 x = y = 0,05 => nhh = x + y = 0,1 => V = 2,24 lt => A
Cu 60: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hm hp gm CH 4, C4H10 v C2H4 thu c 0,14 mol CO2 v 0,23mol H2O. S mol ca
ankan v anken trong hn hp ln lt l:
A. 0,09 v 0,01.
B. 0,01 v 0,09.
C. 0,08 v 0,02. D. 0,02 v 0,08.
Hn hp gm ankan v anken => nhh ankan = nH2O nCO2 = 0,09 mol => nAnken = n hh nankan = 0,1 0,09 = 0,01 => A
Cu 61: Mt hn hp kh gm 1 ankan v 1 anken c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t v c cng s mol. Ly m gam hn
hp ny th lm mt mu va 80 gam dung dch 20% Br2 trong dung mi CCl4. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp thu
c 0,6 mol CO2. Ankan v anken c cng thc phn t l:
A. C2H6 v C2H4. B. C4H10 v C4H8.
C. C3H8 v C3H6.
D. C5H12 v C5H10.
mBr2 Cht tan = mdd . C% / 100% = 16 g => nAnken = nBr2 = 0,1 mol = nankan v ankan v anken cng s mol
Mt khc Ankan v anken cng C => CT : ankan : CmnH2m+2 => anken : CmH2m
BTNT C : m. nCnH2n+2 + m. nCnH2n = nCO2 m.0,1 +m.0,1 = 0,6 m = 3 => C3H8 v C3H6 => C
Cu 62: t chy hon ton 10ml hirocacbon X cn va 60 ml kh oxi, sau phn ng thu c 40 ml kh cacbonic. Bit
X lm mt mu dung dch brom v c mch cacbon phn nhnh. CTCT ca X
A. CH2=CHCH2CH3.
B. CH2=C(CH3)2.
C. CH2=C(CH2)2CH3. D. (CH3)2C=CHCH3.
Cu 63: Cho 0,2 mol hn hp X gm etan, propan v propen qua dung dch brom d, thy khi lng bnh brom tng 4,2 gam.
Lng kh cn li em t chy hon ton thu c 6,48 gam nc. Vy % th tch etan, propan v propen ln lt l:
A. 30%, 20%, 50%.
B. 20%, 50%, 30%.
C. 50%, 20%, 30%.
D. 20%, 30%, 50%.
Etan C2H6 ; propan C3H8 propen C3H6 => m tng = mC3H6= 4,2 g V ch c C3H6 p
n C2H6 + nC3H8 = nHn hp nC3H6 = 0,2 0,1 = 0,1 => %VC3H6 = nC3H6.100%/ nhh = 50%
kh i l C2H6 v C3H8 => BTNT H : => 6nC2H6 + 8nC3H8 = 2nH2O = 0,72
Gii h => nC2H6 = 0,04 ; nC3H8 = 0,06 => %V = n / nhn hp => D
Cu 65: Mt hn hp X gm 1 anken A v 1 ankin B, A v B c cng s nguyn t cacbon. X c khi lng l 12,4 gam, c
th tch l 6,72 lt. Cc th tch kh o ktc. CTPT v s mol A, B trong hn hp X l:
A. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2.
B. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4.
C. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4.
D. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2.
Anken v Ankin c cng C => CT A:CnH2n ; B: CnH2n 2 A l anken ; B l ankin
Gi x , y l s mol ca A,B => m hn hp = 14n.x + (14n 2).y = 12,4 14n(x+y) 2y = 12,4
n hn hp = x + y = 0,3 mol => Th vo trn => 4,2n 2y = 12,4 4,2n = 12,4 + 2y
n > 12,4/4,2 =2,95 hay n > 2,95 => p n => n = 3 => C3H6 v C3H4 => Loi A v D
B sai v nhn hp = 0,2 # 0,3 => C
Cu 66: Mt hn hp A gm 2 hirocacbon X, Y lin tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng. t chy 11,2 lt hn hp X thu
c 57,2 gam CO2 v 23,4 gam H2O. CTPT X, Y v khi lng ca X, Y l:
A. 12,6 gam C3H6 v 11,2 gam C4H8.
B. 8,6 gam C3H6v 11,2 gam C4H8.
C. 5,6 gam C2H4 v 12,6 gam C3H6.
D. 2,8 gam C2H4 v 16,8 gam C3H6.
p n => CT dng : CnH2n Hoc da vo nCO2 = nH2O = 1,3 mol
Cch 1.m tng p n => Ph hp n hn hp = 0,5 mol ; a . nCaH2a + b . nCbH2b = nCO2 BT nguyn t C => C ng
Cch 2. Gii nhanh : ta c n = nCO2 / nhh = 1,3 / 0,5 = 2,6 => C2H4 v C3H6 => Loi A , B
V 0,6nC2H4 = 0,4nC3H6 = 3nC2H4 = 2nC3H6 Xem phn chuyn 1 v cch xc nh t l da vo n
=> Chn nC2H4 = 2x => nC3H6 = 3x
=> n hn hp = 2x + 3x = 0,5 => x = 0,1 => nC2H4 = 0,2 ; nC3H6 = 0,3 => m => C ng
Cu 67: t chy hon ton 0,05 mol mt anken A thu c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc). Cho A tc dng vi dung dch HBr ch cho
mt sn phm duy nht. CTCT ca A l:
A. CH2=CH2.
B. (CH3)2C=C(CH3)2.
C. CH2=C(CH3)2.
D. CH3CH=CHCH3.
Anken : CnH2n => n = nCO2 / nAnken = 4 => C4H8 ; A p vi HBr => to ra 1 sn phm => A l anken i xng
=> D tha mn
Cu 68: Hn hp X gm propen v B l ng ng theo t l th tch 1:1. t 1 th tch hn hp X cn 3,75 th tch oxi (cng
k). Vy B l:
A. eten.
B. propan.
C. buten.
D. penten.
T l th tch = t l s mol => nPropen = nB
p n => A,C,D u l anken ui en => Xt Trng hp B l anken nu khng ng => B ng v A,C,D sai
B c CT : CnH2n ;
T l th V = t l s mol => Chn nX = 1 mol => nO2 = 3,75 mol ; nC3H6 = nB = 0,5 mol T l 1 : 1
Ta lun c nO2 = (x + y/4).nCxHy => 3,75 = (3+6/4).nC3H6 + (n+2n/4).nCnH2n
3,75 = 2,25 + (3n/2) . 0,5 n = 2 => C2H4 => eten => A
Cu 69: em t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip nhau thu c CO2 v nc c khi
lng hn km nhau 6,76 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l:
A. C2H4 v C3H6.
B. C3H6 v C4H8.
C. C4H8 v C5H10.
D. C5H10 v C6H12.
Ta lun c nCO2 = n .nAnken ; nH2O = n . nAnken C n H2 n + O2 => n CO2 + n H2O Hoc bo ton nguyn t
=> mCO2 mH2O = 44. n .0,1 18. n .0,1 = 6,76 => n = 2,6 => n = 2 v n =3 Lin tip =>A
Cu 70: X, Y, Z la 3 hirocacbon k tip trong day ng ng, trong o MZ = 2MX. t chay hoan toan 0,1 mol Y ri hp thu
toan b san phm chay vao 2 lit dung dich Ba(OH)2 0,1M c mt lng kt tua la:
A. 19,7 gam.
B. 39,4 gam.
C. 59,1 gam.
D. 9,85 gam.
Ta thy X,Y,Z => C2H4 ; C3H6 v C4H8 xem li cc bi trn
0,1 mol YC3H6 => 0,3 mol CO2 BTNT C
ADCT : nCO32- BaCO3= nOH- Bazo - nCO2 = 2nBa(OH)2 nCO2 = 2.0,2 0,3 = 0,1
Xem phn chuyn 1 C CT cu 65
m kt ta = 19,7 g =>A
Cu 72: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C3H6, CH4, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch CH4), thu c 24,0 ml
CO2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). T khi ca X so vi kh H2 l:
A. 12,9.
B. 25,8.
C. 22,2.
D. 11,1
T l th tch = t l s mol => 20 ml hn hp X => 24 ml CO2 20 mol X => 24 mol CO2
nCO = 2nCH4 Gi x,y l mol C3H6 v CH4 => nCO = 2y => n hn hp = nC3H6 + nCH4 + nCO
= x + y + 2y = x + 3y = 20
BTNT C => 3nC3H6 + nCH4 + nCO = nCO2 3x + y + 2y = 24 Gii h => x = 2 ;y = 6
nC3H6 = 2 ; nCH4 = 6 ; nCO = 12 => m hn hp = mC3H6 + mCH4 + mCO = 2.42 + 6.16 + 12.26 = 516
M hn hp = m hn hp / n hn hp = 516 / 20 = 25,8 => T khi vi H2 = 25,8/2 = 12,9 =>A
Cu 73: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol anken X thu c CO 2 v hi nc. Hp th hon ton sn phm bng 100 gam dung
dch NaOH 21,62% thu c dung dch mi trong nng ca NaOH ch cn 5%. Cng thc phn t ng ca X l:
A. C2H4.
B. C3H6.
C. C4H8.
D. C5H10.
Anken => CT : CnH2n => nCO2 = 0,1.n mol
CO2 p vi NaOH sau p thy d NaOH => CO2 ht ; NaOH d ( bi)
P : CO2 + 2NaOH => Na2CO3 + H2O => nNaOH p = 2nCO2 = 0,2n => mNaOH p = 8n (g)
m NaOH d = mNaOH ban u - mNaOH p = 100.21,62/100% - 8n = 21,62 8n
Ta c m dd sau p => mH2O + mCO2 + mddNaOH = 1,8 n + 4,4n + 100 (V cho ton b sn phm vo)
C% NaOH sau p = mNaOH d / mdd sau p
5% = (21,62-8n).100%/(4,4n + 1,8n +100) n = 2 => C2H4 (Chc chn n = 2 v 21,62 8n >0 => n < 2,7
n = 2 (Hoc c th th p n => A
Dng ny c CT : C% = (mNaOH ban u 8 n ) / (6,2 n + mddNaOH)
Cu 74: X la hn hp gm hirocacbon A va O2 (ti l mol tng ng 1:10). t chay hoan toan X c hn hp Y. Dn Y qua
binh H2SO4 c d c hn Z co ti khi so vi hiro la 19. A co cng thc phn t la:
A. C2H6.
B. C4H8.
C C4H6.
D. C3H6.
T l mol 1:10 => Chn nA = 1 mol => nO2 = 10 mol
t X => Y => cho Y qua H2SO4 c => H2O b H2SO4 hp th => hn hp Z l CO2 v O2 d V Nu ch c CO2 => M = 44 m
M = 38
Gi a , b l mol CO2 v O2 d => M = m hn hp / n hn hp = (44a + 32b) / (a+b) = 38
6a = 6b a = b ; Ta lun c x . nCxHy = nCO2 BT nguyn tt C x = nCO2 => x = a = b
Ta lun c nO2 p = (x + y/4) .nCxHy
nO2 ban u nO2 d = (x + y/4).nCxHy 10 x = (x +y/4) 2x + y/4 = 10 => Th p n
=> B tha mn x = 4 v y = 8
Cu 75: m gam hn hp gm C3H6, C2H4 v C2H2 chy hon ton thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Nu hiro ho hon ton m
gam hn hp trn ri t chy ht hn hp thu c V lt CO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 3,36.
B. 2,24.
C. 4,48.
D. 1,12.
Xem bi 71 => C
Cu 76: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch brom (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO 2. Cng thc
phn t ca hai hirocacbon l (bit cc th tch kh u o ktc)
A. CH4 v C2H4. B. CH4 v C3H4.
C. CH4 v C3H6.
D. C2H6 v C3H6.
p n => Hn hp X cha ankan => cn li 1,12 lt = Vankan V ankan ko p => nAnkan = 0,05 mol
Vcht cn li X = V hn hp Vankan = 1,68 1,12 = 0,56 lt => n X = 0,025 mol
Ta c nX = nBr2 = 0,025 mol => X c k = 1 hay c CT : CnH2n ; Y l ankan : CmH2m+2
Da vo cn li 1,68 lt => 2,8 lt => m.nAnkan + n.nanken = 0,125 m.0,05 + n.0,025 = 0,125
2m + n = 5 => m = 1 v n = 3 hoc m = 2 ; n =1 Loi n = 1 v khng c CnH2n no c n =1 ; n 2
=> m = 1 ; n = 3 => CH4 v C3H6 => C
Cu 77: Hn hp X gm C3H8 va C3H6 co ti khi so vi hiro la 21,8. t chay ht 5,6 lit X (ktc) thi thu c bao nhiu gam
CO2 va bao nhiu gam H2O ?
A. 33 gam va 17,1 gam. B. 22 gam va 9,9 gam. C. 13,2 gam va 7,2 gam.D. 33 gam va 21,6 gam.
Gi x , y l mol C3H8 v C3H6 => nhn hp = nC3H8 + nC3H6 = x + y = 5,6/22,4 = 0,25 mol
m hn hp = mC3H8 + mC3H6 = 44x + 42y = M hn hp . nhn hp = 21,8.2.0,25
GIi h => x = 0,2 ; y = 0,05
BTNT C => 3nC3H8 + 3nC3H6 = nCO2 = 3.0,2 + 3.0,05 = 0,75 mol => mCO2 = 33 g
BTNT H => 8nC3H8 + 6nC3H6 = 2nH2O => . => mH2O = 17,1 g => A
Cu 79: Thi 0,25 mol kh etilen qua 125 ml dung dch KMnO4 1M trong mi trng trung tnh (hiu sut 100%) khi lng
etylen glicol thu c bng
A. 11,625 gam.
B. 23,25 gam.
C. 15,5 gam.
D. 31 gam.
PT: SGK11 nc 162
3C2H4 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O => 3C2H4(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
0,25
0,125
=> nC2H4 d tnh theo nKMnO4 v 0,25.2 > 0,125.3 => nC2H4(OH)2 = 3nKMnO4 /2 = 0,1875 mol
=> m = 0,1875.62 = 11,625 g => A
Cu 80: kh hon ton 200 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,2M to thnh cht rn mu nu en cn V lt kh C2H4 ( ktc). Gi tr
ti thiu ca V l:
A. 2,240.
B. 2,688.
C. 4,480.
D. 1,344.
Thm cht rn mu nu en MnO2
PT bi 79 => nC2H4 = 3nKMnO4 /2 = 0,4.3/2 = 0,6 mol => V = 1,344 lt => D
Cu 81: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t
X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Z, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c s gam kt ta l:
A. 20.
B. 40.
C. 30.
D. 10.
X,Y , Z k tip nhau + MZ = 2MX => X,Y,Z c cng thc : CnH2n v n = 2;3;4 Duy nht
=> Z l C4H8 ; its 0,1 mol C4H8 => 0,4 mol CO2 BTNT C => nCaCO3 kt ta = nCO2 = 0,4 mol
=> m = 40 g => B
Cu 82: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi
lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l:
A. 18,60 gam.
B. 18,96 gam.
C. 20,40 gam.
D. 16,80 gam.
Propan C3H8 propen C3H6 ; Propin C3H4 => Nhn thy cng s C => CT : C3Hy
Ta c MY = 21,2.2 = 12.3 + y y = 6,4
PT : C3H6,4 + O2 => 3CO2 + 3,2H2O => nCO2 = 0,3 mol ; nH2O = 0,32 mol
=> Tng khi lng = mCO2 + mH2O = 0,3.44 + 0,32.18 = 18,96g
Cu 83: X la hn hp C4H8 va O2 (ti l mol tng ng 1:10). t chay hoan toan X c hn hp Y. Dn Y qua binh H2SO4
c d c hn Z. Ti khi ca Z so vi hiro la
A.18.
B. 19.
C. 20.
D. 21.
Ngc li bi 74 : T l 1 : 10 => chn nC4H8 = 1 mol => nO2 = 10 mol
nO2 p = (4 + 8/4) . nC4H8 = 6 mol => nO2 d = 4 mol
nCO2 to thnh = 4nC4H8 = 4mol => M sau khi hp th = (mCO2 + mO2 d) / (nCO2 + nO2 d) = 38
T khi vi H2 = 19 => B
Cu 84: Hn hp X gm 2 anken kh phn ng va vi dung dch cha 48 gam brom. Mt khc t chy hon ton hn hp
X dng ht 24,64 lt O2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca 2 anken l:
A. C2H4 v C3H6. B. C2H4 v C4H8.
C. C3H6 v C4H8.
D. A v B u ng.
Anken p vi Br2 => nhn hp Anken = nBr2 = 0,3 mol k=1 Xem li CT: nBr2 = k.nX vi k = s pi
Gi cng thc trung ca hn hp 2 anken l C n H2 n
1C
2C
3B
4C
5D
6D
7C
8C
9D
10D
11C
12B
13A
14D
15C
16A
17A
18B
19C
20C
21A
22C
23C
24B
25D
26A
27D
28B
29A
30D
31B
32D
33C
34D
35A
36A
37B
38C
39B
40B
41A
42B
43C
44D
45D
46A
47B
48AB
49A
50D
51D
52A
53A
54C
55A
56D
57C
58C
59A
60A
61C
62B
63D
64A
65C
66C
67D
68A
69A
70A
71B
72A
73A
74B
75C
76C
77A
78C
79A
80D
81B
82B
83B
84D
85D
D. 7.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 3: Trong cc hirocacbon sau: propen, but-1-en, but-2-en, penta-1,4- ien, penta-1,3- ien hirocacbon cho c hin
tng ng phn cis - trans ?
A. propen, but-1-en.
B. penta-1,4-dien, but-1-en.
C. propen, but-2-en.
D. but-2-en, penta-1,3- ien.
But 1 en CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 ko c p hnh hc => Loi A v B
Propen khng c ng phn hnh hc : CH2 = CH CH3 ko c => Loi C => D
But 2n : CH3 CH=CH CH3 ; Penta 1,3 ien : CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 p hnh hc lin kt pi th 2=> D
Cu 7: Cho phn ng gia buta-1,3-ien v HBr -80oC (t l mol 1:1), sn phm chnh ca phn ng l
A. CH3CHBrCH=CH2. B. CH3CH=CHCH2Br. C. CH2BrCH2CH=CH2.D. CH3CH=CBrCH3.
nhit -80 oC => Br C bc cao ; v sn phm cng v tr 1,2 SGK 11nc 167
1(I) 2(III)
CH2=CH CH=CH2 + HBr => CH3-CHBr CH=CH2
=> A
1 2
3
4
Ch cch cng : R C = CR CR = C R => cng vo v tr 1,2 hoc 1 ,4
v cht phi c dng nh zy R c th l H hoc hidrocabon ; halogen
VD: CH3 C=C(CH3) C(C2H5)=C-C3H7 ; CH2=CH CH =CH2 ; .
Mnh hiu l cng vo v tr 1,2 ni i 1 hoc 1,4 ni i 1 v ni i 4 a lin kt i vo trong
1,2,3,4 l v tr C cha lin kt i Ch khng phi nh s th t C
Cu 8: Cho phn ng gia buta-1,3-ien v HBr 40oC (t l mol 1:1), sn phm chnh ca phn ng l
A. CH3CHBrCH=CH2. B. CH3CH=CHCH2Br. C. CH2BrCH2CH=CH2.D. CH3CH=CBrCH3.
nhit 40 oC => Br C bc cao v sn phm ng v tr 1,4 v chuyn ni i vo trongSGK 11nc 167
CH2=CH CH=CH2 + HBr => CH3-CH=CH-CH2Br => B
1 2 3 4
Ch c p cng 1,4 => Cht c dng R C =C C =C R 2 lin kt i cch nhau 1 v tr
Cu 9: 1 mol buta-1,3-ien c th phn ng ti a vi bao nhiu mol brom ?
A. 1 mol.
B. 1,5 mol.
C. 2 mol.
D. 0,5 mol.
Buta 1,3 ien => 2 lin kt pi => ADCT : nBr2 = k.nX => nBr2 = 2nX = 2mol k l tng s pi =>C
Cu 10: Isopren tham gia phn ng vi dung dch Br2 theo t l mol 1:1 to ra ti a bao nhiu sn phm ?
A. 4.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 2.
Isopren : CH2 =C(CH3)-CH=CH2 SGK 11nc 168
V cho l ti a => Br2 cng vo ni i 1 => 1
Br2 cng vo ni i 2 => 1
Br2 cng vo c 2 ni i => 1
Br2 cng vo v tr 1,4 =>1 CH2Br C(CH3)=CH-CH2Br => 4 sn phm
Bi ny mnh ang thc mc => c trng hp phn ng th vi gc CH3 khng nh - khng bo l phn ng cng ch c t l 1 : 1
Cu 11: Isopren tham gia phn ng vi dung dch HBr theo t l mol 1:1 to ra ti a bao nhiu sn phm cng ?
A. 8.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 6.
Phn ng vi dung dch HBr theo t l 1 :1 => sn phm cng => Ch cng 1 HBr
CH2 =C(CH3)-CH=CH2 => 1 ni i => 2 sn phm chnh v ph => 2 ni i c 4 sn phm Cng theo quy tc macopnhicop SGK
11nc 161
Cng vo v tr 1,2 ging 2 trng hp trn=> khng
Cng vo v tr 1,4 c 2 sn phm ; BrCH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH3 ng phn hnh hc
CH3 C(CH3)=CH-CH2Br => 3
=> Tng = 4 + 3 = 7 =>C
Cu 12: Cht no sau y khng phi l sn phm cng gia dung dch brom v isopren (theo t l mol 1:1) ?
A. CH2BrC(CH3)BrCH=CH2.
B. CH2BrC(CH3)=CHCH2Br.
C. CH2BrCH=CHCH2CH2Br.
D. CH2=C(CH3)CHBrCH2Br.
Iso pren c nhnh => C khng tha mn
Cu 17: ng trng hp ivinyl v stiren thu c cao su buna-S c cng thc cu to l ( P SGK 11 nc 195 )
A. (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n.
B. (-C2H-CH-CH-CH2-CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n.
C. (-CH2-CH-CH=CH2- CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n.
D. (-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n .
Stiren SGK 11 nc 194 C6H5-CH=CH2 ; ivinyl : CH2=CH-CH=CH2
P SGK 11 nc 195
Cu 18: ng trng hp ivinyl v acrylonitrin (vinyl xianua) thu c cao su buna-N c cng thc cu to l
A. (-C2H-CH-CH-CH2-CH(CN)-CH2-)n.
B. (-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- CH(CN)-CH2-)n.
C. (-CH2-CH-CH=CH2- CH(CN)-CH2-)n.
D. (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH(CN)-CH2-)n .
ivinyl : CH2=CH2-CH=CH2 ;
Vinyl xiannua : CN - CH=CH2 => ng trng hp => (-CH2-CH2=CH-CH2-CH(CN)-CH2-)n => D
C. (-CH2-C(CH3)-CH=CH2-)n .
D. (-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-)n .
Cu 22: Oximen c trong tinh du l hng qu, limonen c trong tinh du chanh. Chng c cng cng thc phn t l
A. C15H25.
B. C40H56.
C. C10H16.
D. C30H50.
SGK Ha hc 11 Nng cao-171
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 26: C bao nhiu ng phn ankin C5H8 tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
Nh cu 25 => cht c dng R CH (CH3-CH2-CH2-CCH , CH3-CH(CH3)-CCH )
Cu 27: Ankin C6H10 c bao nhiu ng phn phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 ?
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Cu 28: Trong phn t ankin X, hiro chim 11,111% khi lng. C bao nhiu ankin ph hp
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4
(CT ankin CxHy.% C = 100-11,111=88,889%.x:y=88,889/12 : 11,111/1=2:3==> (C2H3)n
CH3C C CH CH3
CH3
B. 2-metylpent-3-in.
C. 4-metylpent-3-in.
D. 2-metylpent-4-in.
S ch v tr Tn nhnh / tn mch chnh/ - s ch v tr in . Mch chnh l mch c lk i, di nht v c nhiu nhnh nht.nh s C
mch chnh bt u t pha gn lk i hn.S ch v tr lk i ghi ngay trc ui in)
A
C. CH3COOH. D. C2H5OH.
(p cng H2O ca ankin:H2O cng vo lk ba to ra hp cht trung gian khng bn v chuyn thnh andehit hoc xeton) Quy tc h bin
ca ru c OH gn vi C lin kt i c dng R CH=CH-OH , R- C(OH)=CH2 s b chuyn thnh andehit hoc xeton .
R-CH=CH-OH => R CH2 CHO ; R- C(OH)=CH2 => R C(O) CH3
A. CH3-CAgCAg.
B. CH3-CCAg.
C. AgCH2-CCAg.
D. A, B, C u c th ng.
Cu 32: Trong s cc hirocacbon mch h sau: C4H10, C4H6, C4H8, C3H4, nhng hirocacbon no c th to kt ta vi dung
dch AgNO3/NH3 ?
A. C4H10 ,C4H8.
B. C4H6, C3H4.
C. Ch c C4H6.
D. Ch c C3H4.
(RH c th to kt ta vi dd AgNO3/NH3 l ankin loi C4H10 (ankan) v C4H8 (anken hoc xicloankan) >>> B
Cu 33: Hn hp A gm hiro v cc hirocacbon no, cha no. Cho A vo bnh c niken xc tc, un nng bnh mt thi gian
ta thu c hn hp B. Pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. t chy hon ton hn hp A cho s mol CO2 v s mol nc lun bng s mol CO2 v s mol nc khi t chy
hon ton hn hp B.
B. S mol oxi tiu tn t hon ton hn hp A lun bng s mol oxi tiu tn khi t hon ton hn hp B.
C. S mol A - S mol B = S mol H2 tham gia phn ng.
D. Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca hn hp A bng khi lng phn t trung bnh ca hn hp B.
A ng v bo ton nguyn t C v H trc v sau p . Ta c hn hp A p to thnh hn hp B
=> Tng s H , C trong hn hp A = Tng s H,C trong hn hp B V hn hp A ch c H v C , nh H2 l H , hidrocacbon no , ko n
cng cha H v C
B ng . nu ta gi CT tng qut ca hn hp A l CxHy V thnh phn ch cha C , H => hn hp B cng l CxHy Bo ton nguyn t
trc v sau p => u t chy cng mt lng O2.
>>>>>>>>>>.C ng.
Cu 34: Cht no trong 4 cht di y c th tham gia c 4 phn ng: Phn ng chy trong oxi, phn ng cng brom, phn
ng cng hiro (xc tc Ni, to), phn ng th vi dd AgNO3 /NH3
A. etan.
B. etilen.
C. axetilen.
D. xiclopropan.
(mi cht hu c u tham gia p chy trong O2.ankan khng tham gia p cng Br loi A.etilen v xiclopropan khng tham gia p th vi
AgNO3//NH3 loi B,D.ch c axetilen c th tham gia c 4 p :C)
as kt
1:1
(2) C2H4 + H2
(3) 2 CHCH
(4) 3 CHCH
(5) C2H2 + Ag2O
(6) Propin + H2O
S phn ng l phn ng oxi ho kh l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Cu 37: Cho dy chuyn ho sau: CH4 A B C Cao su buna. Cng thc phn t ca B l
A. C4H6.
B. C2H5OH.
C. C4H4.
D. C4H10.
Caosu buna => (-CH=CH CH=CH-)n => C l C4H6 => Loi A
Thm mt st p
Al2 O3
2C2 H5 OH
CH 2 =CH-CH=CH 2+2H 2O+H 2
450o C
Pd
CH 2 =CH-C=*CH+H 2
CH 2 =CH-CH=CH 2
0
Na, t
C4H10
CH =CH-CH=CH
+2H2
2
2
D
N + H2 D E (spc)
Xc nh N, B, D, E bit rng D l mt hidrocacbon mch h, D ch c 1 ng phn.
A. N : C2H2 ; B : Pd ; D : C2H4 ; E : CH3CH2Cl.
B. N : C4H6 ; B : Pd ; D : C4H8 ; E : CH2ClCH2CH2CH3.
C. N : C3H4 ; B : Pd ; D : C3H6 ; E : CH3CHClCH3.
D. N : C3H4 ; B : Pd ; D : C3H6 ; E : CHCH2CH2Cl.
bi => D ch c 1 ng phn => Loi B v D: C4H8 to ra do p E p => CH2=CH-CH2 CH2 ; CH3 CH = CH CH3 ng phn
hnh hc)
E l sn phm chnh .=> Loi D v p CH2 = CH CH3 (C3H6) + HCL => spc CH3 CHCL CH3 , sn phm ph l CH2CL CH2
CH3.
Loi A v E l sn phm chnh nu D l C2H4 s to ra mt sn phm. P C2H4 + HCL => C2H5CL
C ng
D. CaC2.
Cu 41: nhn bit cc bnh ring bit ng cc kh khng mu sau y: SO2, C2H2, NH3 ta c th dng ho cht no sau y
A. Dung dch AgNO3/NH3.B. Dung dch Ca(OH)2
C. Qu tm m. D. Dung dch NaOH
Cu 42: X l mt hirocacbon kh ( ktc), mch h. Hiro ho hon ton X thu c hirocacbon no Y c khi lng phn t
gp 1,074 ln khi lng phn t X. Cng thc phn t X l
A. C2H2.
B. C3H4.
C. C4H6.
D. C3H6.
p n => A,B,C u l c dng CnH2n-2
Xt A,B,C nu sai th => D ng
PT : CnH2n-2 + 2nH2 => CnH2n+2 Hidro ha l p cng H2 vo lin kt pi + Thu c hidrocabon no
Chn 1 mol CnH2n-2 => to thnh 1 mol CnH2n+2
=> 14n + 2 = 1,074(14n-2) n = 4 => C4H6 => C
Cu 43: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C6H6 mch thng. Bit 1 mol X tc dng vi AgNO3 d trong NH3 to ra 292 gam
kt ta. CTCT ca X c th l
A. CH CCCCH2CH3.
C. CHCCH2CH=C=CH2.
B. CHCCH2CCCH3.
D. CHCCH2CH2CCH.
C6H6 c k = (2.6 -6 +2)/2 = 4 pi => cc p n u tha mn
iu kin to ra kt ta => X c dng RCH + [Ag(NH3)2]OH => RCAg + 2H2O + 2NH3 P SGK 11nc 177
Thc t l th Ag vo H
Ta lun c nRCH = nRCAg
Mo gii nhanh
V M kt ta = MX + 108 1 = MX + 107 TH1 th 1H
M kt ta = MX + 2.108 2 = MX + 214 TH2 Th 2H
Ta c M C6H6 = 78
V M kt ta = 292 => Tha mn TH2 => Th 2H => X c dng HC C RCH
Tng qut l c 2 ni 3 C u v cui => D tha mn :CHCCH2CH2CCH
Cu 44: Mt hirocacbon A mch thng c CTPT C 6H6. Khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c hp cht
hu c B c MB - MA=214 vC. Xc nh CTCT ca A ?
A. CHCCH2CH2CCH.
B. CH3C CCH2CCH.
C. CHCCH(CH3)CCH.
D. CH3CH2CCCCH.
A l mch thng => Loi C
Ta c MB MA = 214 =>TH2 => C 2 ni 3 C u v cui => A
Cu 45: A la hirocacbon mach h, th khi (kt), bit A 1 mol A tac dung c ti a 2 mol Br2 trong dung dich to ra hp
cht B (trong B brom chim 80 % v khi lng. Vy A co cng thc phn t la
A. C5H8.
B. C2H2.
C. C4H6.
D. C3H4.
1 mol p ti a 2 molBr2 => k =2 => CT A: CnH2n-2 Hoc t p n
PT : CnH2n-2 +2Br2 => CnH2n-2Br2 => %Br = 160.100% / (14n 2 + 160) = 80% n = 3 => C3H4 =>D
Cu 47: X l mt hirocacbon khng no mch h, 1 mol X c th lm mt mu ti a 2 mol brom trong nc. X c % khi
lng H trong phn t l 10%. CTPT X l
A. C2H2.
B. C3H4.
C. C2H4.
D. C4H6.
1 mol p 2mol Br2 =>CT X : CnH2n-2 => %H = (2n-2).100%/(14n-2) = 10% n = 3 =>C3H4
Cu 48: X l hn hp gm 2 hirocacbon mch h (thuc dy ng ng ankin, anken, ankan). Cho 0,3 mol X lm mt mu
va 0,5 mol brom. Pht biu no di y ng
A. X c th gm 2 ankan.
B. X c th gm2 anken.
C. X c th gm1 ankan v 1 anken.
D. X c th gm1 anken v mt ankin.
Gi k1,k2 ln lt l s pi ca cht A v B v x , y ln lt l s mol ca A ,B
x + y = 0,3 ; k1.x + k2.y = 0,5
Xt A. A,B u l ankan => k1,k2 = 0 => Sai v k1.x + k2.y = 0,5
Xt B. Gm 2 anken => k1 = k2 = 1 => Gii h v nghim => loi
Xt C. A l ankan , B l anken => k1 = 0 ; k2 = 1 ; gii h v nghim => loi
Xt D. Anken v ankin => k1 = 1 ; k2 = 2 ; gii h => x , y => tha mn =>D Ngoi ra 2 ankin cng loi
Cu 51: Mt hn hp gm etilen v axetilen c th tch 6,72 lt (ktc). Cho hn hp qua dung dch brom d phn ng
xy ra hon ton, lng brom phn ng l 64 gam. Phn % v th tch etilen v axetilen ln lt l
A. 66% v 34%.
B. 65,66% v 34,34%.
C. 66,67% v 33,33%.
D. Kt qu khc.
Cu 52: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh CH4 v C2H2 tc dng vi 10 lt H2 (Ni, to). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 16 lt
hn hp kh (cc kh u o cng iu kin nhit p sut). Th tch ca CH4 v C2H2 trc phn ng l
A. 2 lt v 8 lt. B. 3 lt v 7 lt.
C. 8 lt v 2 lt. D. 2,5 lt v 7,5 lt.
Gi x , y ln lt l V CH4 v C2H2 => x + y = 10 ;
Ch c C2H2 mi p vi H2
C2H2 +
2H2
=>
C2H6
Ban u y lt
10 lt
P
y
=>
2y
=>
y
Sau p
10 2y
y lt
V sau khi p => x + 10 2y + y = 16 x y = 6
Gii h => x = 8 v y = 2 => C
Cu 53: Cho 28,2 gam hn hp X gm 3 ankin ng ng k tip qua mt lng d H2 (to, Ni) phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Sau phn ng th tch th tch kh H2 gim 26,88 lt (ktc). CTPT ca 3 ankin l
A. C2H2, C3H4, C4H6.
B. C3H4, C4H6, C5H8.
C. C4H6, C5H8, C6H10.
D. C A, B u ng.
Th tch H2 gim = th tch H2 p = 26,88 lt => nH2 p = 1,2 mol => nhn hp = nH2 / 2 = 0,6 mol
M hn hp = mhn hp / n hn hp 28,2/ 0,6 = 47 = 14 n - 2 C n H2 n -2 ankin
n = 3,5 => Loi C v c 3 cht u c s C > 3,5 ; A, B tha mn nm gia => D
Cu 54: Hn hp X gm propin v mt ankin A c t l mol 1:1. Ly 0,3 mol X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu
c 46,2 gam kt ta. A l
A. But-1-in.
B. But-2-in.
C. Axetilen.
D. Pent-1-in.
n Propin = nA = 0,15 mol T l 1 :1 + nX = 0,3 mol
Xem li bi 43.
C3H4 ; CH3-CCH => CH3-CCAg
=> m kt ta to thnh do p A = 46,2 mCH3-CCAg = 46,2 0,15.147 = 24,15 g
=> M kt ta = 24,15/0,15 = 161 = MX + 107 TH1
=> MX = 54 = 14n 2 Ankin :CnH2n-2 n = 4 => C4H8 => A V tha mn iu kin to kt ta R CH
CHC-CH2-CH3 : but 1 in
Cu 55: Trong bnh kn cha hirocacbon X v hiro. Nung nng bnh n khi phn ng hon ton thu c kh Y duy nht.
cng nhit , p sut trong bnh trc khi nung nng gp 3 ln p sut trong bnh sau khi nung. t chy mt lng Y thu
c 8,8 gam CO2 v 5,4 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H2.
B. C2H4.
C. C4H6.
D. C3H4.
nCO2 = 0,2 mol ; nH2O = 0,3 mol => Y cha ankan nH2O > nCO2
n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 0,2 / (0,3 0,2) = 2 => C2H6 Kh Y kh duy nht
Ta c p sut trc = 3 p sut sau + cng nhit + bnh kn Th tch khng i
n hn hp trc = 3 n hn hp sau v n = P.V/T.0,082 M p xy ra hon ton thu c 1 sn phm => cc cht tham gia p ht
Ch c Ankin : CnH2n- 2 + 2H2
=>
CnH2n+2 mi tha mn iu kin v
xmol =>
2x mol =>
x mol
n trc = nCnH2n-2 + nH2 = 3x ; n sau = x => n trc = 3n sau ,m n = 2
=> C2H2 => A
Cu 56: t chy hon ton mt ankin X th kh thu c H2O v CO2 c tng khi lng l 23 gam. Nu cho sn phm
chy i qua dung dich Ca(OH)2 d, c 40 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H4.
B. C2H2.
C. C4H6.
D. C5H8.
nCO2 = nCaCO3 kt ta = 0,4 mol => mCO2 = 0,4.44= 17,6 g => nCO2 = 0,4 mol
mH2O = 23 17,6 = 5,4 g => nH2O = 0,3 mol
=> n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) CnH2n-2Oz = 0,4 / (0,4 0,3) = 4 => C4H6
Cu 57: t chy hon ton 5,4 gam mt hirocacbon A ri cho sn phm chy i qua bnh 1 ng dd H 2SO4 c, d; bnh 2
ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 5,4 gam; bnh 2 tng 17,6 gam. A l cht no trong nhng cht sau ?
(A khng tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3)
A. But-1-in.
B. But-2-in.
C. Buta-1,3-ien.
D. B hoc C.
Xem li phn chuyn 1 => cho vo H2SO4 => m tng = mH2O = 5,4 g => nH2O = 0,3 mol
Cho vo Ba(OH)2 => m tng = mCO2 = 17,6 g => nCO2 = 0,4 mol
n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 4 => C4H6
Da vo A khng tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 => Loi A v A c dng CHC-CH2-CH3 c lin kt 3 u mch => c p ; B , C
khng p B c khng u mch . C c 2 lin kt i
=>D
Cu 58: Hn hp X gm C2H2 v H2 ly cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho i qua cht xc tc thch hp, un nng
c hn hp Y gm 4 cht. Dn Y qua bnh ng nc brom thy khi lung bnh tng 10,8 gam v thot ra 4,48 lt kh Z
(ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 8. Th tch O2 (ktc) cn t chy hon ton hn hp Y l
A. 33,6 lt.
B. 22,4 lt.
C. 16,8 lt.
D. 44,8 lt.
Y gm 4 cht => C2H2(d) ; C2H4 ; C2H6 ; H2
m bnh tng = mC2H2 + mC2H4 = 10,8g v C2H2 v C2H4 b Br2 hp th
=> KH thot ra l AnkanC2H6 + H2 c m = M . n hn hp Z = 8.2.0,2 = 3,2 g
BT khi lng => mC2H2 + mH2 = m hn hp Y = 10,8 + 3,2 = 14 g
Ta c nC2H2 = nH2 => 26x + 2x = 14 x = 0,5 = nC2H2 = nH2
VO2 cn t chy hn hp Y = VO2 cn t chy hn hp X Quy i hn hp v CxHy v thnh phn hn hp ch c C , H
nO2 = (2 + 2/4).nC2H2 + nH2 /2 = 3nH2 = 1,5 mol => V = 33,6 lt
P : C2H2 + 3/2O2 => 2CO2 + H2O ; 2H2 + O2 => 2H2O
Cu 59: Cho 17,92 lt hn hp X gm 3 hirocacbon kh l ankan, anken v ankin ly theo t l mol 1:1:2 li qua bnh ng dd
AgNO3/NH3 ly d thu c 96 gam kt ta v hn hp kh Y cn li. t chy hon ton hn hp Y thu c 13,44 lt CO2.
Bit th tch o ktc. Khi lng ca X l
A. 19,2 gam.
B. 1,92 gam.
C. 3,84 gam.
D. 38,4 gam.
T l 1 : 1 : 2 => chn x l mol Ankan => x l mol anken ; 2x l mol ankin
x + x + 2x = n hn hp X = 0,8 mol x = 0,2 mol => nAkan = nAnken = 0,2 ; n Ankin = 0,4 mol
CH c Ankin mi p vi AgNO3/NH3
M kt ta = 96/nankin = 240 = MX + 214 TH2 Xem li bi 43 MX = 26 = 14n 2 n = 2 : C2H2
t Y thu c 13,44 lt CO2 => BT nguyn t C CnH2n+2 ankan ; CmH2m anken
n . nAnkan + m. nanken = nCO2 0,2n + 0,2m = 0,6 n + m = 3
Ta lun c m 2 Anken=> n = 1 v m = 2 Duy nht => CH4 v C2H4
hn hp X c 0,2 mol CH4 ; 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,4 mol C2H2
m hn hp = 19,2 g =>A
Cu 60: Mt hn hp gm 2 ankin khi t chy cho ra 13,2 gam CO2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Tnh khi lng brom c th cng vo
hn hp trn
A. 16 gam.
B. 24 gam.
C. 32 gam.
D. 4 gam.
nAnkin = nCO2 nH2O = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol => nBr2 = 2nAnkin = 0,2 mol => m = 32 g => C
Cu 61: Cho canxi cacbua k thut (ch cha 80% CaC2 nguyn cht) vo nc d, th thu c 3,36 lt kh (ktc). Khi lng
canxi cacbua k thut dng l
A. 9,6 gam.
B. 4,8 gam
C. 4,6 gam.
D. 12 gam
P : SGK 11 nc 178 : CaC2 + 2H2O => C2H2 + Ca(OH)2
nC2H2 = 3,36 / 22,4 = 0,15 mol Kh = nCaC2 => mPT CaC2 = 0,15.64 = 9,6 g
=> m thc t = mPT .100% / 80% = 9,6.100% / 80 = 12 g =>D
Cu 62: C 20 gam mt mu CaC2 (c ln tp cht tr) tc dng vi nc thu c 7,4 lt kh axetilen (20 oC, 740mmHg). Cho
rng phn ng xy ra hon ton. tinh khit ca mu CaC2 l
A. 64%.
B. 96%.
C. 84%.
D. 48%.
Ta c 1atm = 760 mmHg => 740 mm Hg =0,9736 atm
nC2H2 = P.V/T.0,082 = 0,9736.7,4 / ((20 + 273).0,082) n = 0,3 mol = nCaC2 PT bi 61
mPT CaC2 = 0,3.64 = 19,2 g => tinh khit = mPT / mBan u = 19,2 .100%/ 20 = 96%
Cu 63: Cho hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C2H2. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch brom (d) th khi lng brom
phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3,
thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH4 c trong X l
A. 40%.
B. 20%.
C. 25%.
D. 50%.
Gi x , y , z ln lt l s mol CH4 , C2H4 , C2H2
=> 16x + 28y + 26z = 8,6 (I)
P vi Br2 d => nC2H4 + 2nC2H2 = nBr2 y + 2z = 0,3mol
(II)
Vi 13,44 lt (ktc) => n hn hp = nCH4 + C2H4 + nC2H2 = 0,6
n C2H2 = nKet tua AgCCAg = 0,15 mol
=> nC2H2 / n hn hp = z / (x + y + z) = 1 /4 x + y 3z = 0 (III) Phi chia tm ra t l v 13,44 lt khng phi ca 8,6 g
Gii h I , II , III => x = 0,2 ; y = z = 0,1 => %VCH4 = nCH4 / n hn hp = x .100%/ (x + y + z) = 0,2 / 0,4 = 50%
Cu 64: Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Hn hp X c khi lng 12,4
gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). S mol, cng thc phn t ca M v N ln lt l
A. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2.
B. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C3H4.
C. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2.
D. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4.
Cch 1 : th p n => D tha mn
Cch 2 : Ta c M = m / n = 12,4 / 0,3 = 41,33 = 12x + y => x = 3 => y = 5,33 => loi A v B v c 3 C
=> Th 1 trong 2 p n B v D . Xt B sai => D ng
Cu 65: Trong mt binh kin cha hirocacbon A th khi (kt) va O2 (d). Bt tia la in t chay ht A a hn hp v
iu kin ban u trong o % th tich cua CO2 va hi nc ln lt la 30% va 20%. Cng thc phn t cua A va % th tich ca
hirocacbon A trong hn hp la
A. C3H4 va 10%.
B. C3H4 va 90%.
C. C3H8 va 20%.
D. C4H6 va 30%.
Tao c %CO2 = 30% ; %H2O = 20% => Cn li 50% ca O2 v O2 d
T l % theo th tch = t l s mol => chn nCO2 = 3 mol => nH2O = 2 mol => nO2 d = 5 mol
T l nCO2 / nH2O = 3 /2 => chn nCO2 = 3 ; nH2O = 2 => n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 3 => C3H4 V nCO2 > nH2O => CnH2n-2
nC3H4 = nCO2 / 2 = 1 mol ; BTNT oxi : 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O = 2.3 + 2 nO2 p = 4 mol
mol hn hp ban u = nC3H4 + nO2 p + nO2 d = 1 + 4 + 5 = 10 mol
=> %VC3H4 A hn hp = nC3H4 / n hn hp = 1 / 10 = 10% => A
Cu 66: t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C2H2 v hirocacbon X sinh ra 2 lt kh CO2 v 2 lt hi H2O (cc th tch
kh v hi o trong cng iu kin nhit v p sut). Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H4.
B. CH4.
C. C2H6.
D. C3H8.
Cch 1 th p n
T l th tch = t l s mol
1 mol hn hp C2H2 v X => 2 mol CO2 + 2molH2O
p n => B,C,D u c dng CnH2n+2 => Xt X l CnH2n+2
Gi x , y ln lt l nC2H2 v CnH2n+2
x+y=1;
2x + ny = nCO2 = 2 BTNT C
2x + y(2n+2) = 2nH2O = 4 BTNT H 2(x+y) + 2ny = 4
Th 1 vo 3 ta c ny = 1 => th vo 2 => x = 0,5 th vo 1 => y = 0,5
(1)
(2)
(3)
>>>>>
Cu 67: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi
lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l
A. 18,60 gam.
B. 18,96 gam.
C. 20,40 gam.
D. 16,80 gam.
Tng t 1 bi lm ri => Propan C3H8 Propen C3H6 Propin C3H4 => u c 3C
=> Gi CT chung : C3Hy Ta c M = 21.2 = 42 = 12.3 + y => y = 6
=> CT : C3H6 +O2 => 3CO2 + 3H2O
0,1mol
0,3mol 0,3mol => m = 0,3.44 + 0,3.18 = 18,6 g => A
Cu 68: Cho s chuyn ha: CH4 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC. tng hp 250 kg PVC theo s trn th cn V m3
kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (bit CH4 chim 80% th tch kh thin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 50%)
A. 224,0.
B. 448,0.
C. 286,7.
D. 358,4.
PVC : C2H3Cl ; BT NT C => nCH4 = 2nC2H3Cl = 2. 4 = 8 mol
=> n kh thin nhin = nCH4 . 100% / 80% = 10 mol => V = 224 lt => B
Cu 69: un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C 2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi xc tc Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y.
Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so
vi O2 l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch brom tng l
A. 1,20 gam.
B. 1,04 gam.
C. 1,64 gam.
D. 1,32 gam.
Bo ton khi lng => m trc = m sau mC2H2 + mH2 = m bnh tng + mZ V m hn hp ban u = m hn hp Y v m hn hp Y =
m anken, ankin nu c cho vo dd Br2 + m hn hp Z bay ra
0,06.26 + 2. 0,04 = m bnh tng + 32.0,5.0,02 m bnh tng = 1,32 g => D
Cu 70: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon th kh, mch h, nng hn khng kh thu c 7,04 gam CO 2. Sc m gam
hirocacbon ny vo nc brom d n khi phn ng hon ton, thy c 25,6 gam brom phn ng. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2 gam.
B. 4 gam.
C. 10 gam
D. 2,08 gam
nCO2 = 0,16 = x .nCxHy BT NT C
Gi k l s lin kt pi trong hidrocacbon => k .nCxHy = nBr2 nCxHy = 0,16 / k
0,16 = x. 0,16 / k x = k
CT tng qut : CnH2n + 2 2k Ta c n = k => CnH2
Ta c hidrocacbon nng hn khng kh => 12n + 2 > 29 => n > 2,25
Ta c m = (12n+2).0,16/n
th vo trn ta c
V th kh => C2 C4 => s C = 2 4
Ta c n > 2,25 => n = 3 v n = 4
Xt n = 3 => C3H2 Khng th vit c => Loi hoc vi k = 3 => n 4
=> n = 4 => m = (12.4+2).0,16 / 4 = 2 g => A
Cu 71: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon th kh, mch h thu c 7,04 gam CO2. Sc m gam hirocacbon ny vo
nc brom d n khi phn ng hon ton, thy c 25,6 gam brom phn ng. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2 gam.
B. 4 gam.
C. 2,08 gam.
D. A hoc C.
Ging bi 71 ch khng c nng hn khng kh
Ta vn c m = (12n+2).0,16/n
Xt n = 2 => m = 2,08 ; xt n = 4 => m = 2 g => D
V C bin thin t 2 => 4 v n = 3 khng c => ch c n =2 v n = 4
Cu 73: Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br 2 0,5M. Sau khi
p hon ton, s mol Br2 gim i mt na v m bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. CTPT ca 2 hirocacbon l
A. C3H4 v C4H8.
B. C2H2 v C3H8.
C. C2H2 v C4H8.
D. C2H2 v C4H6.
T p n => hidrocabon => 1 ankin v 1 anken
Mol Br2 gim 1 na => P 1 na ; m bnh tng = m hn hp V c 2 cht u p
Gi x , y l s mol Ankin v anken => n hn hp = x + y = 0,2 mol
nBr2 p = 2x + y = 0,35 1 na x = 0,15 ; y = 0,05 => Th p n : MA . 0,15 + MB .0,05 = 6,7
=> C tha mn c MA = MC2H2 = 26 ; MB = MC4H8 = 56
Gi CT ankin : CnH2n-2 ; CT anken : CmH2m
m hn hp = (14n 2) . 0,15 + 14m.0,05 = 6,7 3n + m = 10 => n < 10/3 => n = 2 v n = 3
Xt n = 2 => m = 4 => C tha mn
Xt n = 3 => m = 1 Khng c CH2 => Loi > C
Cu 74: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dd brom (d). Sau khi phn ng hon ton, c 4 gam
brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO2 (ktc). CTPT ca hai
hirocacbon l
A. CH4 v C2H4.
B. CH4 v C3H4.
C. CH4 v C3H6.
D. C2H6 v C3H6.
p n => 1 ankan Hoc da vo 1,12 lt kh khng p => V ankan = 1,12 => nCnH2n+2 = 0,05 mol
V cht cn li = 1,68 1,12 = 0,56 mol => n cht = 0,025 = nBr2 4 g Br2 p => Cht l anken :CnH2n
nAnkan = 0,05 ; nAnken = 0,025 ; Gi CT an kan : CnH2n+2 ; anken : CmH2m
t to ra CO2 => BTNT C => n.nCnH2n+2 + m.nCmH2m = nCO2 n.0,05 + m.0,025 = 0,125
2n + m = 5 n < 5/2 => n = 1 v n = 2
Xt n = 1 => m = 3 =>C tha mn
Xt n = 2 => m = 1 Loi v khng c cht CH2 => Loi
=> C
Cu 75: t chy hon ton hn hp M gm mt ankan X v mt ankin Y, thu c s mol CO 2 bng s mol H2O. Thnh
phn % v s mol ca X v Y trong hn hp M ln lt l
A. 35% v 65%.
B. 75% v 25%.
C. 20% v 80%.
D. 50% v 50%.
Gi X : CnH2n+2 ; Y : CmH2n-2 ; gi x , y l s mol X v Y
BTNT C => x.n + y.m = nCO2
BTNT H => (2n+2).x + (2n-2)y = 2nH2O (n+1)x + (n-1)y = nH2O
Ta c nCO2 = nH2O x.n + y.m = (n + 1)x + (n-1)y x y = 0 x= y => % mi cht = 50%
Cu 76: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C3H6, CH4, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch CH4), thu c 24,0 ml
CO2 (cc kh o cng iu kin to, p). T khi ca X so vi kh hiro l
A. 25,8.
B. 12,9.
C. 22,2.
D. 11,1.
Phn ng cng H2 hon ton ; MZ = 44 = 14n + 2 V to ra ankan : CnH2n+2 v t khi vi CO2 => n = 3
A , B l C3H8 v C3H4 mt khc ta c nH2 = 0,2 mol => nC3H4ankin = 0,1 mol k.X = nH2 vi k l s pi => nC3H8 = 0,2 mol => D
Cu 78: Mt hn hp X gm C2H2, C3H6, CH4. t chy hon ton 11t hn hp X thu c 12,6 gam H2O. Nu cho 11,2 lt
hn hp X (ktc) qua dung dch brom d thy c 100 gam brom phn ng. Thnh phn % th tch ca X ln lt l
A. 50%; 25% ; 25%.
B. 25% ; 25; 50%.
C.16% ; 32; 52%.
D. 33,33%; 33,33; 33,33%.
Gi x , y , z ln lt l s mol C2H2 ; C3H6;CH4 Sa 1 lt thnh 0,4 mol
n hn hp = x + y + z = 0,4 mol
BTNT H => 2nC2H2 + 6nC3H6 + 4nCH4 = 2nH2O 2x + 6y + 4z = 1,4 mol
Xt mt khc ta c n hn hp = 0,5 mol
V nBr2 p = 2nC2H2 + nC3H6 nBr2 / n hn hp = (2nC2H2 + nC3H6) / (nC2H2 + nC3H6 + nCH4)
Chia tim ra t l gia x, y, z : khng c p dng vo h trn v s mol khc nhau
5/4 = (2x + y) / (x + y + z) 3x -y 5z = 0
Gii h 1 , 2 , 3 => x = 0,2 ; y = z = 0,1 mol => %V = n / n hn hp => A
Cu 79: Dn 4,032 lt (ktc) hn hp kh A gm C2H2, C2H4, CH4 ln lt qua bnh 1 cha dung dc AgNO3 trong NH3 ri qua
bnh 2 cha dung dch Br2 d trong CCl4. bnh 1 c 7,2 gam kt ta. Khi lng bnh 2 tng thm 1,68 gam. Th tch (ktc)
hn hp A ln lt l:
A. 0,672 lt; 1,344 lt; 2,016 lt.
B. 0,672 lt; 0,672 lt; 2,688 lt.
C. 2,016; 0,896 lt; 1,12 lt.
D. 1,344 lt; 2,016 lt; 0,672 lt.
nC2H2 = nAgC=*CAgXem mt s bi tp trn = 0,03 mol => V C2H2 = 0,672 lt
mC2H4 = m bnh 2 v C2H4 b hp th bi Br2 = 1,68 g => nC2H4 = 0,06 mol => VC2H4 = 1,344 lt
=> V CH4 = V hn hp VC2H2 VC2H4 = 2,016 lt => A
Cu 80: X, Y, Z l 3 hirocacbon th kh trong iu kin thng, khi phn hu mi cht X, Y, Z u to ra C v H2, th tch
H2 lun gp 3 ln th tch hirocacbon b phn hu v X, Y, Z khng phi l dng phn. CTPT ca 3 cht l
A. C2H6 ,C3H6 C4H6.
B. C2H2 ,C3H4 C4H6.
C. CH4 ,C2H4 C3H4.
D. CH4 ,C2H6 C3H8.
th tch H2 lun gp 3 ln th tch hirocacbon b phn hu t lun
Th tch ca mi hidrocacbon phn hy => u to ra 3 th tch H2
BTNT H => y.VCxHy = 2VH2 y = 6 => ch c A tha mn 3 cht u c 6 H
Cu 81: Hn hp X gm 0,1 mol C2H2; 0,15 mol C2H4 ; 0,2 mol C2H6 v 0,3 mol H2. un nng X vi bt Ni xc tc 1 thi gian
c hn hp Y. t chy hon ton hn hp Y c s gam CO2 v H2O ln lt l
A. 39,6 v 23,4. B. 3,96 v 3,35.
C. 39,6 v 46,8. D. 39,6 v 11,6.
BTNT C ; BTNT H => A C mt bi v n ri
nCO2 = 2nC2H2 + 2nC2H4 + 2nC2H6 ; nH2 = 2nC2H2 + 4nC2H4 + 6nC2H6 + 2nH2ban u
Cu 82: Hn hp ban u gm 1 ankin, 1 anken, 1 ankan v H2 vi p sut 4 atm. un nng bnh vi Ni xc tc thc hin
phn ng cng sau a bnh v nhit ban u c hn hp Y, p sut hn hp Y l 3 atm. T khi hn hp X v Y so
vi H2 ln lt l 24 v x. Gi tr ca x l
A. 18.
B. 34.
C. 24.
D. 32.
CT tnh s mol ; V trong 1 bnh => th tch khng i , Nhit khng thay i cho a v nhit ban u
P1.V1
nA
T1.0,082 P1
=
=
P2.V2 P2
nB
T2.0,082
P1.V1
nA T1.0,082 P1
=
=
P2.V2 P2
nB
T2.0,082
=>
mA
P1
MB P1
MA
=
=
mB P2
MA P2
MB
V BTKL => mA = mB
Cu 83: Hn hp A gm H2, C3H8, C3H4. Cho t t 12 lt A qua bt Ni xc tc. Sau phn ng c 6 lt kh duy nht (cc kh
o cng iu kin). T khi hi ca A so vi H2 l
A. 11.
B. 22.
C. 26.
D. 13.
T l th tch = t l s mol => Chn 12 mol A => To ra 6 mol kh duy nht C3H8
Gi x , y , z ln lt l s mol H2 , C3H8 , C3H4
x + y + z = 12 mol
PT p :
C3H4
+
2H2
=> C3H8
z mol
x mol => zmol
=> x = 2z v phn ng va do to ra 1 sn phm duy nht l C3H8
Ngoi ra nC3H8 = y + z = 6 v C3H8 ban u khng p
Gii h => x = 6 ; y = z = 3 C th dng my tnh hoc th t x = 2z vo cc PT cn li ri gii h 2 n
=> m hn hp = 6.2 + 3.44 + 3.40 = 264 => M hn hp = m / n = 264/12 = 22 => T khi vi H2 = 11 =>A
Cu 84: un nng hn hp X gm 0,1 mol C3H4 ; 0,2 mol C2H4 ; 0,35 mol H2 vi bt Ni xc tc c hn hp Y. Dn ton b
Y qua bnh ng dung dch KMnO4 d, thy thot ra 6,72 l hn hp kh Z (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 12. Bnh ng dung
dch KMnO4 tng s gam l:
A. 17,2.
B. 9,6.
C. 7,2.
D. 3,1.
BT khi lng => m hn hp X = m hn hp Y = m bnh tng + m hn hp kh thot ra
m hn hp X = m bnh tng + m hn hp kh thot ra
0,1.40 + 0,2.28 + 0,35.2 = m bnh tng + 0,3.12.2 m bnh tng = 3,1 g =>D
Bi ny c ni n mt s bi trn
Cu 85: t chy m gam hn hp C2H6, C3H4, C3H8, C4H10 c 35,2 gam CO2 v 21,6 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,4.
B. 10,8.
C. 12.
D. 56,8.
AD CT : m hn hp hidrocacbon = 12.nCO2 + 2.nH2O = 12g Xem Chuyn pp gii bi tp ha hu c
V nC = nCO2 ; nH = 2nH2O
Cu 86: t chy 1 hirocacbon A c 22,4 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 27 gam H2O. Th tch O2 (ktc) (l) tham gia phn ng l:
A. 24,8.
B. 45,3.
C. 39,2.
D. 51,2.
BTNT Oxi => 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O => nO2 => V = 39,2 lt =>C
Cu 87: Mt hn hp X gm 1 ankin v H2 c V = 8,96 lt (kc) v mX = 4,6 gam. Cho hn hp X i qua Ni nung nng, phn
ng hon ton cho ra hn hp kh Y, c t khi
Xem cch chng minh phn anken dng bi anken + H2 bi 53 => Phn ny tng t
Pt:
CnH2n-2
+2H2
=>CnH2n+2
Ban u:x mol
ymol
P
x mol
2x mol
xmol
Sau p
y 2x
x mol
=> n sau p = nH2 d + nCnH2n+2 y 2x +x = y x
n trc p = x + y ; m trc = m sau BT khi lng
(x+y).M trc = (y x).M sau
p dng bi ny=> (x+y) = (y x).2 V M sau = 2MY do dY/X = 2 y = 3x
Mt khc x + y = 0,4 mol => x = 0,1 v y = 0,3 Gii h => nH2 = y = 0,3 mol
m ankin + mH2 = 4,6 g 0,1 . (14n 2) + 0,3.2 = 4,6 n = 3 => C3H4 vi n = 0,1 mol=> m =4 g >B
Cu 88: t chy mt hirocacbon M thu c s mol nc bng s mol CO2 v s mol CO2 nh hn hoc bng 5 ln s
mol M. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca M bit rng M cho kt ta vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3.
A. C4H6 v CH3CH2C CH.
B. C4H6 v CH2=C=CHCH3.
C. C3H4 v CH3C CH.
D. C4H6 v CH3C CCH3.
2B
12C
22C
32B
42C
52C
62B
72A
82D
3D
13C
23D
33D
43D
53D
63D
73C
83A
4C
14A
24C
34C
44A
54A
64D
74C
84D
5A
15A
25C
35B
45D
55A
65B
75D
85C
6D
16B
26B
36C
46C
56C
66C
76B
86C
7A
17A
27B
37C
47B
57D
67A
77D
87B
8B
18D
28B
38C
48D
58A
68B
78A
88A
9C
19B
29A
39C
49C
59A
69D
79A
10A
20D
30B
40C
50D
60C
70A
80A