Tiu chun bt buc p dng ton phn TCVN 6153-1996

Bnh chu p lc Yu cu k thut an ton v thit k, kt cu, ch to

Pressure vessels - Safety engineering requirements of design, construction, manufacture. 1. Phm vi p dng 1.1 . Tiu chun ny p dng cho a. Bnh chu p lc (sau y gi tt l bnh) c p sut lm vic nh mc cao hn 0,7 kG/cm2 (khng k p sut thu tnh) . b. B xitec) v thng dng cha, chuyn ch kh ho lng hoc cc cht lng c p sut lm vic cao hn 0,7 kG/cm2 hoc cht lng hay cht rn dng bt khng c p sut nhng khi tho ra dng cht kh c p sut cao hn 0,7 kG/cm2 c. Chai dng cha, chuyn ch kh nn, kh ho lng ; kh ho tan c p sut lm vic cao hn 0,7 kG/cm2 d. Ni hi un bng in c p sut lm vic cao hn 0,7 kG/cm2 hoc cc ni un nc nng bng in c nhit nc nng cao hn 1150C 1. 2. Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho . a. Thit b si m bng hi hay nc nng ; b. Bnh c dung tch t 25 lt tr xung nu tch s gia dung tch (tnh bng lt) vi p sut (tnh bng kG/cm2 ) khng ln hn 200 ; c. Xi lanh my hi nc v my nn kh, cc bnh lm ngui v phn li du nc trung gian khng tch ri ca h thng my nn, cc bu khng kh ca bm, cc thit b gim chn ng v.v. . . d . Bnh kh ng phi bng kim loi ; e. Bnh cha nc c p sut, nhng nhit nc khng qu 1150C hoc cha cht lng khc c nhit mi cht khng qu im si ng vi p sut 0,7 kG/cm2 g. Bnh chn khng. h. Bnh hp tng chic lp t, xe p. 2. Tiu chun trch dn TCVN 6008 : 1995 Thit b p lc - Mi hn - Yu cu k thut v phng php kim tra .

3. Thut ng Trong tiu chun ny cc thut ng c hiu nh sau : 3.1.Thut ng v thit b . 3.1.1 Bnh chu p lc l mt thit b dng tin hnh cc qu trnh nhit hc hoc ho hc, cng nh cha v chuyn ch mi cht c p sut ln hn p sut kh quyn . 3.1.2 Bnh chu p lc lin hp l t hp gm hai hay nhiu bnh chu p lc ni vi nhau lm vic trong iu kin ging hoc khc nhau v p sut, nhit v mi cht. 3.1.3. B (xitc) l bnh chu p lc c t trn toa xe ho, t hay trn cc phng tin vn ti khc. 3.1.4. Thng l bnh chu p lc c dng hnh tr t nm hoc ng c th di chuyn hoc t c nh. 3.1.5 Chai l m t loi bnh chu p lc bng kim loi c dung tch nh ( thng di 100 lt) dng cha cc cht lng, kh nn, kh ho lng, kh ho tan c p sut. 3.1.6. Bnh hp hoc ni nu l loi bnh chu p lc, trong xy ra qu trnh nhit hc v c th c t nng bng in, kh nng, hi nc hoc nhin liu khc. 3.1.7. Ni hi un bng in l ni hi dng in un nc thnh hi dng cho cc thit b khc. 3.2. Thut ng v thng s 3.2.1. p sut lm vic cho php l p sut ln nht m thit b c php lm vic lu di. 3.2.2. p sut cc i cho php l p sut ln nht m thit b c php lm vic trong mt thi gian nht nh. Tr s p sut ny v thi gian cho php ko di do ngi ch to quy nh. 3.2.3. p sut thit k l p sut do ngi thit k quy nh lm c s tnh sc bn cc b phn ca bnh. p sut ny cha k n p sut thu tnh ti im tnh ton. 3.2.4. Nhit ln nht ca mi cht cha trong bnh c xc nh l nhit mi cht ca bnh 3.2.5. Nhit ln nht ca thnh bnh khi c cha mi cht c xc nh l nhit tnh ton ca thnh bnh. Khi khng c s tng gim nhit thnh bnh do hp th hay to nhit th c th ly nhit tnh ton ca thnh bnh bng nhit ca mi cht tip xc vi thnh bnh. 3.3. Thut ng v thit k, ch to v s dng bnh chu p lc .

3.3.1. Ngi thit k bnh chu p lc l t chc, c nhn tin hnh thit k bnh chu p lc 3.3.2. Ngi ch to l t chc, c nhn c t cch php nhn v c cp c thm quyn cho php ch to cc bnh. 3.3.3. Ngi bn bnh chu p lc l t chc, c nhn c t cch php nhn v c cp c thm quyn cho php kinh doanh cc bnh. 3.3.4. Ngi ch s hu bnh chu p lc l t chc, c nhn s hu thc s v bnh. 3.3.5. Ngi s dng bnh chu p lc l t chc, c nhn trc tip hay gin tip s dng bnh, cng nh s dng mi cht cha trong cc bnh . 3.3.6. Ngi np mi cht (khi nn, kh ho lng, cht lng v.v. . . ) l t chc , c nhn c t cch php nhn v c cp c thm quyn cho php np cc mi cht. 3.3.7. Ngi cung cp vt liu l t chc, c nhn c t cch php nhn trong vic kinh doanh vt liu dng ch to, lp t, sa cha bnh. 4. Trch nhim bt buc ca nhng ngi lin quan n thit k, ch to v s bnh chu p lc. 4.1. Ngi thit k phi chu trch nhim trong vic, xc nh cu to, tnh bn, chn vt liu cho cc b phn ca bnh, lp s trang b cc dng c o kim v an ton cho bnh ph hp vi quy nh trong tiu chun ny. Ngoi ra cn chu trch nhim xem xt v tho thun nhng ngh thay i thit k ca ngi ch to ; 4.2. Ngi ch to phi chu trch nhim lp quy trnh cng ngh ch to theo ng yu cu ca ngi thit k, t chc kim tra cht lng cc khu trong qu trnh to ; chu trch nhim v cht lng sn phm do mnh ch to ra theo ng thit k v tiu chun ny. Khi xut xng phi cung cp cho ngi mua bnh cc h s k thut sau y : - L lch ca bnh : 2 quyn - Bn v cu to ca bnh c ghi r cc kch thc chnh v ng ct ; - Bn ch dn cc yu cu v lp t cng nh cc ch dn v s dng ; - Chng ch khm nghim xut xng ; H s k thut phi c lu gi t nht 5 nm ti ni ch to . 4.3. Ngi bn bnh chu p lc phi chu trch nhim v cht lng v thng s bnh bn ra p sut lm vic cng b trong chng t bn hng v phi bo hnh theo quy nh ca php lnh cht lng hng ho ; ng thi phi cung cho ngi mua cc ti liu k thut lin quan nh quy nh 4.2.

Khi ngi bn khng c cc ti liu k thut theo quy nh 4.2 th c th cc c nhn hay n v khc lp h s k thut, nhng ngi bn phi chu nhim v s ng n ca h s ny. 4.3. Ngi ch s hu bnh chu p lc phi chu trch nhim php l trong vic cc bnh v chu trch nhim bi hon thit hi do s c bnh gy ra. Ngi ch s hu phi ban hnh quy nh trch nhim cho nhng ngi gin tip hay trc tip s dng cc bnh, ng thi phi t chc thc hin cc quy nh khm nghim, ng k s dng, cng nh ban hnh cc ni quy, quy trnh vn hnh, bo dng v sa cha cc bnh. 4.5. Ngi s dng bnh chu p lc phi chu trch nhim v vic vn hnh an ton bnh p lc cng nh mi cht cha trong . Ngi s dng trc tip (cng nhn vn hnh) cc bnh phi thi tuyn c cp chng ch vn hnh ti ni c giao nhim v. 4.6. Ngi np mi cht phi chu trch nhim xc nh tnh trng hon ho ca cc bnh trc khi np mi cht vo cng nh ra cc bin php an ton v vn chuyn v s dng . 4.7. Ngi cung cp vt liu ch to, sa cha bnh chu p lc phi m bo cht lng vt liu bn ra ph hp vi nhn hiu, phi cung cp cho khch hng cc c tnh c bn v thnh phn ho hc. Khi khng c cc c tnh ny th phi tho thun vi ngi mua v phi ghi r trong vn bn bn hng. 5. Vt liu ch to, lp t, sa cha bnh chu p lc . 5.1. Yu cu chung . 5.1.1. Vt liu ch to, lp t v sa cha cc b phn chu p lc ca bnh, k c que hn, dy hn phi l vt liu c bn theo yu cu, c tnh hn tt, bo m lm vic tin cy v an ton nhng iu kin vn hnh quy nh. 5.1.2. Cht lng v chng loi vt liu dng ch to phi theo ng yu cu ca thit k. Khi c nghi vn v cht lng v chng loi vt liu th ngi ch to, lp t hay sa cha phi em phn tch kim nghim li vt liu trc khi s dng. Cc c tnh ca vt liu phi c ghi r trong l lch bnh. 5.l.3 Khi s dng kim loi nhiu lp phi ghi r cc c tnh ca lp c bn (chu lc) . 5.l.4 Khi sa cha khng c thay th cc chi tit chu p lc bng vt liu c cht lng thp hn vt liu ch to ban u. 5.1.5. Cho php ch to cc b phn ca bnh bng vt liu ca nhiu nc khc nhau, nhng phi c c tnh tng ng nh c tnh vt liu chn trong bn thit k . 5.2. Cc chi tit rn v dp t thp tm nh np ca, np l, mt bch hoc cc chi tit tng t khc phi tho mn cc yu cu ca thp tm cng nhn

hiu. Cc phi rn, dp cn phi c kim tra bng siu m hay bng cc phng php khng ph hu khc pht hin v x l cc khuyt tt bn trong. 5.3. Thp c 5.3.1. Thp dng ch to cc b phn chu p le ca bnh cn phi qua nhit luyn. Trong chng ch ca thp c cn phi c : a. Cc chi tit c lm vic p sut t 50 kg/cm2 tr xung khi nhit thnh n 400oC : - Thnh phn ho hc : C, S v P ; - bn v dn di tng i; b. Cc chi tit c lm vic p sut cao hn 50 kg/cm2 hoc nhit thnh trn 400 oC th ton b thnh phn ho hc v c tnh k c d dai va p. 5.3 Cc mu th c tnh chi tit c phi c c ng thi vi chi tit c ri tch ra sau khi kt thc nhit luyn. Cc chi tit c nh cho php c mu th ring . 5.3.3. Cc chi tit c bng thp hp kim ngoi vic kim tra c tnh v thnh phn ho hc cn phi kho st kim tng (kim tra t chc th i v t vi) sau khi nhit luyn. Trng hp do yu cu k thut ch to quy nh cn phi kim tra n mn gia cc tinh th . 5. 4. Cc chi tit lp xit 5.4.1. Cc chi tit lp xit phi c ch to bng thp c cng c tnh vi thp mt bch v ph hp vi thng s quy nh. 5.4.2. Cc chi tit lp xit lp cc mt bch thp hp kim cao phi dng cng mc vi mt bch. Cc chi tit lp xit bng thp hp kim cao lp vo mt bch thp cacbon, cng nh vic dng phi hp khc ch cho php trong trng hp mi ni lm vic nhit khng thay i. 6. Yu cu k thut an ton v kt cu bnh chu p lc . 6.1. Yu cu chung . 6.1.1. Vic ch to bnh v cc b phn chu p lc ca bnh phi c ting hnh theo ng thit k v quy trnh cng ngh c cp c thm quyn duyt. Ch to cc b (xitc) v thng chuyn ch cc cht kh ho lng ngoi quy nh ca tiu chun ny cn phi theo quy nh ca ngng giao thng vn ti. 6.1.2 Cc b v thng cha kh ho lng ( tr xy lng v cc cht lng gy lnh khc) cn phi tnh ton n p sut c th xut hin nhit 50 oC v ng sut c th xut hin do ti trng ng gy ra khi chuyn ch.

6.1.3. Cc b v thng t trn t dng cha cacbua hyr lng (propan, prpilen, bu tan, butilen v cc hp cht ca n) c th tnh ton vi p sut xut hin ng vi nhit thp nht ca ni m b v thng s dng, nhng khng di 35 oC . Nhit phi ghi vo l lch ca b v thng. 6.1.4. Cc b v thng np y amnic lng c kh nng bc hi m nhit khi kt thc np khng qu m 25 oC v c lp cch nhit ngoi c th tnh ton vi p sut 4 kg /cm2 . 6.1.5. Cc b v thng dng cha xy lng v cc cht lng gy lnh khc phi tnh ton theo p sut kh dng tho mi cht ra, cng nh ti trng ng gy ra khi chuyn ch . 6.1.6. Cc chai phi c tnh ton sao cho khi th thu lc ng sut trong thnh chai khng vt qu 90 % gii hn chy ca thp ch to chai. 6.2 . Thn bnh. 6.2.1. Thn bnh ch yu c kt cu hnh tr. Cho php ch to thn bnh c dng hnh khc vi iu kin phi tnh ton m bo bn tt c cc phn chu p lc. 6.2.2. Thn bnh c th ch to theo kiu khng c mi hn t thp rn, ng thp hoc c mi hn t thp tm. 6.2.3. Cc mi hn dc cc khoang lin nhau ca thn bnh, cng nh ca thn bnh vi mi hn y bnh (c nhiu mnh) khng c nm lin nhau, m phi lch nhau mt on t nht bng ba ln chiu dy, nhng khng nh hn 100 mm. Trng hp v kt cu khng th thc hin c quy nh ni trn th cn c bin php kim tra thch hp v phi ghi r trong thit k v quy trnh cng ngh ch to. 6.2.4. Cc b v thng cha kh ho lng cn c lp cch nhit theo ng quy nh ca thit k cho kh khi b nung nng cao hn nhit tnh ton. 6.2.5. Cc bnh c ng knh trn 800 mm cn phi c ca ngi chui hnh bu dc kch thc 400mm x 300mm hoc hnh trn ng knh 400mm. Cc bnh c ng knh nh hn cn phi c cc l nh v sinh vi kch thc nh nht khng di 80mm. i vi cc bnh c kt cu c th tho ri c th khng bt buc phi c ca hoc l v sinh. 6.2.6. pha trn ca b hoc thng phi c ca ngi chui nh quy nh 6.2.5 v c sn ng gn ca vi cu thang c 2 bn. Cc b cha xy, ni t ho lng v cc cht lng gy lnh khc khng cn phi lm bn ng gn ca. .

6.2 phn trn thn hoc y cc b v thng t trn t phi c mt ca ngi chui nh quy nh 6.2.5 . Cc b c dung tch n 1000 lt cho php khng phi lm ca ngi chui nhng phi lm cc ca quan st hnh bu dc c kch thc trc nh khng b hn 80mm hoc hnh trn ng knh khng di 80mm. 6.2.8. Cc chai phi c kt cu van c th vn cht vo l c chai hoc vo cc ng ni nu l chai khng c c. 6.2.9. Cc chai c dung tch ln hn 100 lt bt buc phi c van an ton. Khi b tr chai thnh nhm cho php t mt van an ton chung cho c nhm chai. 6.2.10. Cc chai c dung tch ln hn 100 lt cha kh ho lng dng lm nhin liu cho cc phng tin vn chuyn, ngoi van an ton phi c dng c ch mc np ti a. 6.2. 11. Cc ng ni ca van dng cho cc chai cha hyr v cc kh chy khc phi c ren tri, cn cc chai cha oxy v cc kh khng chy phi c ren phi. 6.2.12. Van ca chai cha kh c phi c np vn kn vo u ni. 6.2.13. xit cht cc van ca chai cha oxy c th dng phn ch khng dnh du m, dng l kim loi mng hoc bng thu tinh lng ; khng cho php dng m hoc cc chi tit khc c dnh du m. 6.2.14. Ghi nhn 6.2.14.1. Cc bnh sau khi ch to phi gn nhn ghi ni dung sau : a. Tn ngi ch to ; b . S ch to ; c . Ngy thng nm ch to ; : d. p sut lm vic cho php v p sut th ; e . Nhit lm vic cho php ; g. Dung tch ca bnh. 6.2.14.2. Trn cc b v thng sau khi ch to nhn cn b sung thm : -Khi lng bn thn b v thng. 6.2.14.3. Trn cc chai sau khi ch to nhn cn b sung thm : a. b. S hiu chai ; Khi lng thc ca chai khng, kg; - Cc chai dung tch n 12 lt ghi chnh xc n 0,1kg. - Cc chai dung tch trn 12 lt n 55 lt, ghi chnh xc n 0,2kg.

- Cc chai dung tch trn 55 lt ghi theo iu kin k thut ch to. c- Dung tch chai, lt. Chai dung tch n 12 lt, ghi dung tch nh mc. - Chai dung tch trn 12 lt n 55 lt, ghi dung tch thc t vi chnh xc n 0,3 lt. - Chai dung tch trn 55 lt, ghi theo iu kin k thut ch to . 6.2.15. Cc b v thng cha v chuyn ch cc kh ho lng n mn th tm nhn hiu bng vt liu chng n mn hay phi ph mt lp sn chng n mn trong sut. 6.2.16. Mt ngoi ca b v thng phi qut sn men, sn du hay sn nhm mu xm bng, c ch v k sc theo bng 1 Bng 1 Cng dng ca b v thng Dng cha amoniac Dng cha Clo Dng cha pht den Dng cha o xy Dng cho tt c kh khng chy khc Dng cho cc kh chy Ch Amoniac - kh ho lng, c Clo - kh ho lng, c Pht den - kh ho lng,c Oxy nguy him Tn kh - nguy him Tn kh - d chy Mu ch en Xanh l cy en Vng en Mu sc vng Mu bo v Mu bo v Xanh da tri en

6.2.17. Ngi ch to phi sn, k sc v ch trn cc b v thng mi ch to, cn i vi b v thng ang s dng th do ngi np mi cht tin hnh. 6.2.18. Mt ngoi chai phi sn mu theo ng quy nh trong bng 2. Cc chai mi ch to do ngi ch to sn, nh k v sau do ngi np mi cht sn. Bng 2 Tn cht kh 1 Ni t Amoniac Mu sn ca chai 2 en Vng Ch 3 Ni t Amniac Mu ch 4 Vng en Mu sc 5 Nu Nu

Ac gn t Ac gn k thut Ac gn sch Axtylen Butylen Kh du m Bu tan Hyr Khng kh Hli Ni t oxit Oxi Oxi y t Hir sunfua Anhyric sunfur Axit Cacbonic Pht en Freon 11 Freon 12 Freon 13 Freon 22 Clor Propan Cc kh chy khc Etylen Cc kh khng chy khc

en en Xm Trng Xm Xanh l cy sm en Nu Xm Xanh da tri Xanh da tri Trng en en Mu bo v Nhm Nhm Nhm Nhm Mu bo v Da cam Tm en

Ac gn t Ac gn k thut Ac gn sch Axtylen Butylen Kh du m Bu tan Hyr Khng kh nn H li Oxit ni t Oxi Oxi y t Hir sunfua Anhyric Sunfur Axit Cacbonic Freon 11 Freon 1 2 Freon 13 Freon 22 Propan Tn cht kh Etylen Tn cht kh

Trng Xanh nc bin Xanh l cy Vng Trng Trng Trng en en en Trng Vng en en en en Trng Vng

Trng Xanh nc bin Xanh l cy en Vng Xanh nc bin 2 sc 2 sc vng Xanh l cy -

6.3. Chm, y v mt sng ng 6.3.1. Chm v y bnh c php ch to theo hnh dng bt k : li, lm, hnh cu, hnh nn, phng... Cc y lm phi tnh ton m bo n nh ca hnh dng khi chu p sut. Cho php dng y phng khi bnh c ng knh trong hay cnh ln nht khng qu 500mm ; nu do yu cu cng ngh phi lm y phng c kch thc ln hn th ngi thit k phi c bin php gia c m bo an ton. 6.3.2. y v chm c th ch to bng phng php g, dp hoc cun trn cc my chuyn dng t 1 tm hay nhiu tm hn ni vi nhau. Cho php ch to chm, y bng thp rn trn my vi iu kin phi kim tra thnh phm pht hin ht cc khuyt tt bn trong.

6.3.3. y v chm ch to bng cch hn ni nhiu tm phi m bo cc yu cu sau : a. Phi hn kiu gip mp ; b.C th hn cc tm phng ri sau mi g, dp hoc hn cc mnh g, dp sn ; c. Khng ni ghp cc tm bng mi hn chng mp ; d. Khng b tr mi hn vo ch un cong. 6.3.4. Mt sng cng c th hn nhiu tm vi nhau vi cc iu kin sau : a. Mi hn phi l mi hn gip mp ; b . Khng c khoa l hng lot trn mi hn. 6.4. Cc mi ni Tt c cc mi hn ni trong tiu chun ny u phi tun th ng quy nh trong TCVN 6008 : 1995. 6.5. Cc ng trao i nhit. 6.5.1. Cc ng trao i nhit c php ni vo mt sng bng phng php c hay hn theo ng ch dn ca ngi thit k. 6.5.2 Cc ng trao i nhit c chiu di ln cn phi t cc vch chn nh v trung gian c nh khe h gia cc ng v cn c bin php b tr dn n thch ng trnh cong vnh ng hoc lm hng mi ni. 7. Ch to bnh chu p lc 7.1. Ngi ch to phi lp ra quy trnh cng ngh trc khi ch to v chu trch nhim v cht lng vn bn ny. Khi ch to theo ng cc yu cu ca thit k v quy trnh cng ngh. Trng hp cn thay i so vi thit k cn phi c tho thun ca ngi thit k bng vn bn. 7.2. Cc chi tit ca bnh phi c trit tiu ng sut d sau khi ch to. Ngi ch to phi quy nh cc bc trit tiu ng sut d trong quy trnh cng ngh- . 7.3. Dung sai cho php ca cc cng vic gia cng nh van ca hnh tr khi lc trn, khi un ng, nhng dung sai v hnh dng, kch thc, v chiu dy, v vic chun b mi hn v.v. . . do ngi thit k quy nh . 7.4. Vic kim tra cht lng sn phm phi theo ng quy trnh cng ngh ch to v phi tun th theo tiu chun TCVN 6008 : 1995. Cc kt qu th nghim phi c lu trong h s thit b v lu gi ti ni ch to t nht 5 nm. 7. 5 . Th thu lc

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7.5.1. Vic th thu lc p sut th cc bnh (bao gm c b, thng v chai cha kh) sau khi ch to xong l bt buc. 7.5.2 Cc bnh, b, thng v chai c lng lp bo v hay c cc cht xp v dung mi ho tan bn trong th phi th thu lc trc khi tin hnh cc cng vic . 7.5.3. Kt qu th thu lc phi c lp thnh bin bn v phi c coi l ti liu k thut bt buc nh quy nh 4.2. 8. Trang b o kim v an ton 8.1. Yu cu chung 8.1.1. Cc bnh thuc phm vi tiu chun ny (tr cc chai) phi c cc trang b o kim v an ton sau y : - o p sut - Cc c cu an ton ; 8.1.2. Cc bnh lm vic c nhit thnh thay i t ngt phi c trang b dng c kim tra tc t nng, t nng ng u v gin n ca thnh bnh. Trong l lch bnh phi ghi r tc t nng v lm ngui cho php. 8.1.3 . mi bnh phi quy nh kh nng np v tho mi cht trong bnh. Khi trong bnh c th tch nc ngng, du phi trang b thit b x. 8.1.4. Ni hi un bng in phi trang b bm cp nc v dng c x cn. Cho php thay bm cp nc bng ng dn nc c p sut cao hn p sut ni hi, nhng khng qu 1,25 ln p sut lm vic ca ni hi. Cng sut ca bm cp nc t nht phi bng 120% cng sut ca ni hi. 8.1.5. Cc b v thng phi c cc trang b o kim v an ton sau : a. Van c ng xi phng tho v np mi cht. b. Van thot kh t phn trn ca b v thng. c. Van an ton. d. p k . e. Thit b ch mc cht lng. Cc trang b ny phi lp trn np ca hoc v tr thun tin thao tc. 8.1.6. Cc b v thng cha amonic lng c kh nng bc hi vi p sut n 4 kg/cm2 cn phi c : a. Van c ng xi phng tho v np mi cht; b. p k; c Hai van an ton;

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d. Van vi c ng xi phng ly mu; e. Van vi kim tra mc cht lng; 8.2. p k 8.2.1. Mi bnh phi c t nht mt p k ph hp vi loi mi cht cha trong bnh. p k c th lp trn ng ni ca thn bnh, trn ng ng dn trc van kho hoc lp trn bng iu khin. Khi p sut thit k ca bnh bng hoc ln hn p sut ca ngun cung cp p sut v p sut trong bnh khng th tng do phn ng ho hc hoc do nhit th khng bt buc phi lp p k trn bnh khi ngun cung cp c p k. 8.2.2. Cp chnh xc ca p k t trn bnh phi khng thp hn 2,5. Cc bnh cha hyr c nhit trn 200oC cho php lp p k hyr cp chnh xc 4 8.2.3. Mt p k phi k vch s ch p sut lm vic ca bnh. Thang o ca p k phi chn s cho p sut lm vic nm vo khong t 1/3 n 2/3 thang o. 8.2.4. p k phi t thng ng hoc nghing v pha trc 30o v phi c bo v khi b nh hng ca nhit hoc bng gi . ng knh p k phi khng di 160mm khi khong cch quan st t 2 n 5m. p k phi c van 3 ng, c ng xi phng hoc b phn gim xung khc bo v p k 8.2.5. Cc bnh c p sut trn 25 kg/cm2 hoc nhit mi cht cao hn 250oC, cng nh cc bnh c mi cht c, n, cho php ng ni vi p k c van kho lp p k th hai thay cho van ba ng. Cc bnh di ng khng bt buc phi lp van ba ng. 8.2.6. p k ca bnh phi c kim nh v nim ch mi nm mt ln v sau mi ln sa cha ti cc c s c php kim nh. 8.2.7. Cm s dng p k trong nhng trng hp sau : a. Khng c nim ch v du hiu ca n v kim nh, khng ghi r ngy kim tra ln cui. b . Qu hn kim nh c. Kim khng tr v cht ta khi ngt hi , hoc khi khng c cht ta th kim lch qu 0 ca thang o mt tr s qu na sai s cho php ca p k . d- Knh v hoc nhng h hng khc c th lm nh hng n s lm vic chnh xc ca p k. 8. 3. Van an ton

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Ngi thit k phi tnh ton s lng, kch thc v kh nng thot kh ca van an ton t trn cc bnh sao cho p sut trong bnh khng c vt qu p sut lm vic cho php nh sau : a. 0,5 kg/cm2 - khi p sut lm vic cho php n 3 kg/ cm2 . b. 15% p - khi p sut lm vic cho php trn 3 kg/ cm2 n 60 kg/ cm2 . c. 10% p - khi p sut lm vic cho php cao hn 60 kg/ cm2 . 8.3.2. Khng c php t van an ton kiu n by trn cc bnh di ng. 8.3.3. Khi p sut lm vic cho php ca bnh bng hay ln hn p sut ca ngun cp p lc v trong bnh khng c kh nng tng p do phn ng ho hc v bt k nguyn nhn no khc th khng bt buc phi t van an ton trn bnh khi ngun cung cp p lc c van an ton ri. 8.3.4. Kt cu ca van an ton kiu l xo phi m bo : a. Trnh xit qu cng l xo . b. Bo v l xo khi b t nng v chu tc dng trc tip ca mi cht. c. Kim tra c tnh trng k thut ca van. Nu do tnh cht ca mi cht (c, n) hoc do yu cu ca qui trnh cng ngh, van c php kt cu khng c b phn m x. Trng hp ny phi nh k kim tra theo quy nh trong quy trnh cng ngh . 8.3.5. Van an ton phi t trn ng ni trc tip vi bnh hoc trn ng nhnh thun tin cho vic kim tra. Nu nhiu van an ton cng t trn mt ng nhnh th din tch mt ct ngang ca ng nhnh phi khng nh hn 1,25 ln tng din tch cc van t trn ng nhnh . Khng c php trch, tho mi cht trn ng nhnh t van an ton 8.3.6. Khng c php t van kho gia bnh v van an ton. Cho php t van chuyn hng gia bnh v van an ton vi iu kin l bt k v tr no ca van chuyn hng cng phi thng vi mt hoc hai van an ton. Trng hp ny mi van an ton phi c kh nng thot theo nh quy nh trong tiu chun ny: . 8.3.7. Van an ton ca b v thng dng cha kh ho lng phi sn mu theo quy nh ca kh . Cc van ca b cha kh chy phi sn mu nu sm, cn kh khng chy th sn mu en. Van phi thng vi phn cha kh ca b v thng.

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Kh nng thot kh ca van an ton t trn b v thng cha oxy, nit lng v cc cht lng gy lnh khc c xc nh cn c tng s kh nng bay hi tnh ton ca cht lng v sn lng cao nht ca thit b to nn p sut trong b khi tho sch mi cht bn trong. 8.4. Mng bo him. 8.4.1. Trng hp do c im ca sn xut hoc do tnh cht ca mi cht, cc van an ton khng th hot ng tt khi t trc tip th phi trang b thm mt mng bo him, mng ny cn phi tnh ton sao cho khi b x th p sut trong bnh khng th tng qu 25% p sut lm vic ca bnh. Mng bo him c th t c lp hoc t trc van an ton vi iu kin phi c thit b m bo kim tra c tnh trng k thut ca mng khi bnh lm vic. 8.4.2. Tt c cc mng bo him phi c nhn hiu ca ngi ch to, trong ghi p sut x mng v cc k hiu ring. Cho php dng sn ghi cc k hiu ni trn thay cho tm nhn hiu. 8.5. Mt s trang b an ton khc 8.5.1. Cc bnh c p sut lm vic cho php thp hn p sut ca ngun th phi t trn ng ng dn t ngun n bnh mt van gim p t ng c km mt p k v mt van an ton t pha sau van gim p. Khi t mt nhm bnh lm vic cng mt p sut th c th lp mt van gim p cho c nhm c km mt p k v mt van an ton trn ng ng chnh trc ng r nhnh u tin. 8.5.3. Cho php thay van gim p ni iu 7.5.1. bng van iu chnh bng tay c km mt van an ton v mt p k pha p sut thp trong trng hp do tnh cht ca mi cht lm cho van gim p t ng khng th hot ng tt c. 8.5.4. Mi cht thot ra t van an ton phi dn n v tr an ton. Cc ng thot t van an ton phi trang b b phn x nc ngng. 8.5.5. Mi bnh phi c van t ng x ht p sut trong bnh trc khi m np bnh. L tho t ca van ny phi hng vo v tr an ton. Cm m np bnh khi trong bnh vn cn p sut. 8.5.6. Cc bnh c trang b cc van tho x nhanh cn c b phn bo him (lin ng) trnh kh nng to p sut trong bnh khi ng np khng hon ton v khi m vn cn p sut trong bnh. 8.5.7. Cc b v thng cha kh c phi c mt van tho nhanh pha trn c ng xi phng trnh kh thot ra ngoi

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Trn mi thng (tr thng cha clo v pht en) cn t van np v tho mi cht y. Khi t van trn y lm th van phi c m y, cn khi t van trn y li th ngoi m y ra cn phi t vng kp. Cc thng cha clo v pht en phi trang b ng xi phng trn van np v tho mi cht. Cc van phi c u ni vn cht vo ng ni- Cc thng cha kh chy, ng ni ca van phi c ren tri. 8.6. H thng van kho . 8.6.1. Cn phi t van kho trn cc ng ng dn mi cht vo v ra khi bnh. Khi ni lin tip mt nhm bnh vi nhau cho php khng t van kho gia cc bnh. Van kho phi c nhn hiu. Trn van phi c k hiu chiu ng m trn tay quay v chiu chuyn ng ca mi cht trn thn van. Nhn hiu ca van phi ghi : a. ng knh trong quy c, mm b. p sut quy c, kg/ cm2 . 8.6.3. Bt buc phi lp van mt chiu t ng ng bng p sut ca bnh trn ng dn mi cht t bm hoc my nn kh n cc bnh cha mi cht c, chy n hoc mi cht b bc hi do nhit t nng. . Van mt chiu phi lp gia bm hoc my nn kh vi van kho ca bnh. 8.7. Trang b o mc cht lng8.7.1. Cc bnh do t nng lm mc cht lng thay i cn phi trang b t nht mt ng thu o mc cht lng. 8.7.2. Cc bnh cha khi ho lng cng phi trang b mt ng thu hoc thit b o mc cht lng khc kim tra mc np ti a cho php. 8.7.2. ng thu phi c vch du ch mc cht lng thp nht v cao nht cho php v phi c kt cu m bo d thng ra, thay th v ch r lin tc mc cht lng trong bnh. Cc ng dn ra ng thu phi thng trnh to sai lch mc cht lng.

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