Cc loi chng t c lin quan n giao nhn, vn chuyn hng ho xut nhp khu bng ng bin

Chng t dng trong giao hng xut khu 1. Chng t s dng i vi hng xut khu Khi xut khu hng ho bng ng bin, ngi giao nhn (NGN) c u thc ca ngi gi hng lo liu cho hng ho t khi thng quan cho n khi hng c xp ln tu. Cc chng t s dng trong qu trnh ny c th nh sau: Chng t hi quan Chng t vi cng v tu Chng t khc 1.1. Chng t hi quan: - 01 bn chnh vn bn cho php xut khu ca b thng mi hoc b qun l chuyn ngnh (i vi hng xut khu c iu kin) i chiu vi bn sao phi np. - 02 bn chnh t khai hi quan hng xut khu - 01 bn sao hp ng mua bn ngoi thng hoc giy t c gi tr tng ng nh hp ng - 01 bn giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh v giy chng nhn ng k m s doanh nghip (ch np mt ln khi ng k lm th tc cho l hng u tin ti mi im lm th tc hi quan). - 02 bn chnh bn k chi tit hng ho (i vi hng khng ng nht) a. T khai hi quan T khai hi quan l mt vn bn do ch hng, ch phng tin khai bo xut trnh cho c quan hi quan trc khi hng hoc phng tin xut hoc nhp qua lnh th quc gia. Thng l quc t cng nh php lut Vit nam quy nh vic khai bo hi quan l vic lm bt buc i vi phng tin xut hoc nhp qua ca khu quc gia. Mi hnh vi vi phm nh khng khai bo hoc khai

bo khng trung thc u b c quan hi quan x l theo lut php hin hnh. b. Hp ng mua bn ngoi thng Hp ng mua bn ngoi thng l s tho thun gia nhng ng s c tr s kinh doanh cc nc khc nhau, theo bn xut khu c ngha v chuyn vo quyn s hu ca bn nhp khu mt ti sn nht nh gi l hng ho. Bn nhp khu c ngha v nhn hng v tr tin hng. c. Giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh v giy chng nhn ng k m s doanh nghip Trc y doanh nghip XNK phi np giy php kinh doanh XNK loi 7 ch s do B Thng mi cp. Hin gi tt c cc doanh gnhip hi mt s iu kin (v php l, v vn....) l c quyn xut nhp khu trc tip. d.) Bn k chi tit hng ho (cargo list) Bn k chi tit hng ho l chng t v chi tit hng ho trong kin hng. N to iu kin thun tin cho vic kim tra hng ho. Ngoi ra n c tc dng b sung cho ho n khi l hng bao gm nhiu loi hng c tn gi khc nhau v phm cp khc nhau. 1.2. Chng t vi cng v tu c s u thc ca ch hng. NGN lin h vi cng v tu lo liu cho hng ha c xp ln t. Cc chng t c s dng trong giai on ny gm: Ch th xp hng (shipping note) Bin lai thuyn ph (Mates receipt) Vn n ng bin (Ocean Bill of Lading) Bn lc khai hng ho (Cargo Manifest) Phiu kim m (Dock sheet Tally sheet) S xp hng (Ships stowage plan) a. Ch th xp hng: y l ch th ca ngi gi hng cho cng ty vn ti v c quan qun l cng, cng ty xp d, cung cp nhng chi tit y v hng ho c gi n cng xp ln tu v nhng ch dn cn thit, b. Bin lai thuyn ph

Bin lai thuyn ph l chng t do thuyn ph ph trch v gi hng cp cho ngi gi hng hay ch hng xc nhn tu nhn xong hng. Vic cp bin lai thuyn ph l mt s tha nhn rng hng c xp xung tu, c x l mt cch thch hp v cn thn. Do trong qu trnh nhn hng ngi vn ti nu thy tnh trng bao b khng chc chn th phi ghi ch vo bin lai thuyn ph. Da trn c s bin lai thuyn ph, thuyn trng s k pht vn n ng bin l tu nhn hng chuyn ch c. Vn n ng bin Vn n ng bin l mt chng t vn ti hng ho bng ng bin do ngi chuyn ch hoc I din ca h cp cho ngi gi hng sau khi xp hng ln tu hoc sau khi nhn hng xp. Vn n ng bin l mt chng t vn ti rt quan trng, c bn v hot ng nghip v gia ngi gi hng vvi ngi vn ti, gia ngi gi hng vi ngi nhn hng. N c tc dng nh l mt bng chng v giao dch hng ho, l bng chng c hp ng chuyn ch d. Bn khai lc hng ho y l bn lc k cc loi hng xp trn tu vn chuyn n cc cng khc nhau do i l ti cng xp hng cn c vo vn n lp nn. Bn lc khai phi chun b xong ngy sau khi xp hng, cng c th lp khi ang chun b k vn n, d sao cng phi lp xong v k trc khi lm th tc cho tu ri cng. Bn lc khai cung cp s liu thng k v xut khu cng nh nhp khu v l c s cng ty vn ti (tu) dng i chiu lc d hng e. Phiu kim m Dock sheet l mt loi phiu kim m ti cu tu trn ghi s lng hng ho c giao nhn ti cu Tally sheet l phiu kim m hng ho xp ln tu do nhn vin kim m chu trch nhim ghi chp Cng vic kim m ti tu tu theo quy nh ca tng cng cn c mt s chng t khc nh phiu ghi s lng hng, bo co hng ngy....

Phiu kim m l mt chng t gc v s lng hng ho c xp ln tu. Do bn sao ca phiu kim m phi giao cho thuyn ph ph trch v hng ho mt bn lu gi, n cn cn thit cho nhng khiu ni tn tht v hng ho sau ny. f. S xp hng y chnh l bn v v tr sp xp hng trn tu. N c th dng cc mu khc nhau nh du hng ca tng cng khc nhau d theo di, kim tra khi d hng ln xung cc cng. Khi nhn c bn ng k hng chuyn ch do ch hng gi ti, thuyn trng cng nhn vin iu s lp s xp hng mc ch nhm s dng mt cch hp l cc khoang, hm cha hng trn tu cn bng trong qu trnh vn chuyn. 1.3. Chng t khc Ngoi cc chng t xut trnh hi quan v giao dch vi cng, tu, NGN c s u thc ca ch hng lp hoc gip ch hng lp nhng chng t v hng ho, chng t v bo him, chng t v thanh ton... Trong c th cp n mt s chng t ch yu sau: Giy chng nhn xut x (Certificate of origin) Ho n thng mi (Commercial invoice) Phiu ng gi (Packing list) Giy chng nhn s lng/trng lng (Certificate of quantity/weight) Chng t bo him a. Giy chng nhn xut x Giy chng nhn xut x l mt chng t ghi ni sn xut hng do ngi xut khu k khai, k v c ngi ca c quan c thm quyn ca nc ngi xut khu xc nhn. Chng t ny cn thit cho c quan hi quan tu theo chnh sch ca Nh nc vn dng cc ch u i khi tnh thu. N cng cn thit cho vic theo di thc hin ch hn ngch. ng thi trong chng mc nht nh, n ni ln phm cht ca hng ho bi v c im a phng v iu kin sn xut c nh hng ti cht lng hng ho. b. Ho n thng mi Sau khi giao hng xut khu, ngi xut khu phi chun b mt ho n thng mi. l yu cu ca ngi bn i hi ngi mua phi tr s tin hng c ghi trn ho n.

c. Phiu ng gi Phiu ng gi l bng k khai tt c cc hng ho ng trong mt kin hng. Phiu ng gi c s dng m t cch ng gi hng ho v d nh kin hng c chia ra lm bao nhiu gi, loi bao gi c s dng, trng lng ca bao gi, kch c bao gi, cc du hiu c th c trn bao gi... Phiu ng gi c t trong bao b sao cho ngi mua c th d dng tm thy, cng c khi trong mt ti gn bn ngoi bao b. d. Giy chng nhn s lng/trng lng y l mt chng th m ngi xut khu lp ra, cp cho ngi nhp khu nhm xc nh s trng lng hng ho giao Tuy nhin m bo tnh trung lp trong giao hng, ngi nhp khu c th yu cu ngi xut khu cp giy chng nhn s/trng lng do ngi th ba thit lp nh Cng ty gim nh, Hi quan hay ngi sn xut. e. Chng t bo him NGN theo yu cu ca ngi xut khu c th mua bo him cho hng ho. Chng t bo him l nhng chng t do c quan bo him cp cho cc n v xut nhp khu xc nhn v vic hng ho c bo him v l bng chng ca hp ng bo him Chng t bo him thng c dng l n bo him (Insurance Policy) hoc giy chng nhn bo him (Insurance Certificate) 2. Chng t pht sinh trong giao nhn hng nhp khu Khi nhn hng nhp khu, NGN phi tin hnh kim tra, pht hin thiu ht, mt mt, tn tht kp thi gip ngi nhp khu khiu ni i bi thng. Mt s chng t c th lm c s php l ban u khiu ni i bi thng, l: Bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu Bin bn k khai hng tha thiu Bin bn hng h hng v Bin bn gim nh phm cht Bin bn gim nh s trng lng Bin bn gim nh ca cng ty bo him

Th khiu ni Th d khng .......... a. Bin bn kt tan nhn hng vi tu (Report on receipt of cargoROROC) y l bin bn c lp gia cng vi tu sau khi d xong l hng hoc ton b s hng trn tu xc nhn s hng thc t giao nhn ti cng d hng qui nh. Vn bn ny c tnh cht i tch chng minh s tha thiu gia s lng hng thc nhn ti cng n v s hng ghi trn bn lc khai ca tu. V vy y l cn c ngi nhn hng ti cng n khiu ni ngi chuyn ch hay cng ty bo him (nu hng ho c mua bo him). ng thi y cng l cn c cng tin hnh giao nhn hng nhp khu vi nh nhp khu v cng l bng chng v vic cng hon thnh vic giao hng cho ngi nhp khu theo ng s lng m mnh thc t nhn vi ngi chuyn ch. b Bin bn k khai hng tha thiu (Certificate of shortlanded cargoCSC) . Khi giao nhn hng vi tu, nu s lng hng ho trn ROROC chnh lch so vi trn lc khai hng ho th ngi nhn hng phi yu cu lp bin bn hng tha thiu. Nh vy bin bn hng tha thiu l mt bin bn c lp ra trn c s bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu v lc khai. c. Bin bn hng h hng b (Cargo outum report- COR) Trong qu trnh d hng ra khi tu ti cng ch, nu pht hin thy hng ho b h hng v th i din ca cng (cng ty giao nhn, kho hng). v tu phi cng nhau lp mt bin bn v tnh trng v ca hng ho. Bin bn ny gi l bin bn xc nhn hng h hng v do tu gy nn. d. Bin bn gim nh phm cht (Survey report of quality) y l vn bn xc nhn phm cht thc t ca hng ho ti nc ngi nhp khu (ti cng n) do mt c quan gim nh chuyn nghip cp. Bin bn ny c lp theo qui nh trong hp ng hoc khi c nghi ng hng km phm cht. e. Bin bn gim nh s lng/ trng lng y l chng t xc nhn s lng, trng lng thc t ca l hng

c d khi phng tin vn ti (tu) nc ngi nhp khu. Thng thng bin bn gim nh s lng, trng lng do cng ty gim nh cp sau khi lm gim nh. f. Bin bn gim nh ca cng ty bo him. Bin bn gim nh ca cng ty bo him l vn bn xc nhn tn tht thc t ca l hng c bo him do cng ty bo him cp lm cn c cho vic bi thng tn tht. g.Th khiu ni y l vn bn n phng ca ngi khiu ni i ngi b khiu ni tho mn yu sch ca mnh do ngi b khiu ni vi phm ngha v hp ng (hoc khi hp ng cho php c quyn khiu ni). h. Th d khng (Letter of reservation) Khi nhn hng ti cng ch, nu ngi nhn hng thy c nghi ng g v tnh trng tn tht ca hng ho th phi lp th d khng bo lu quyn khiu ni i bi thng cc tn tht v hng ho ca mnh. Nh vy th d khng thc cht l mt thng bo v tnh trng tn tht ca hng ho cha r rt do ngi nhn hng lp gi cho ngi chuyn ch hoc i l ca ngi chuyn ch. Sau khi lm th d khng kp thi bo lu quyn khiu ni ca mnh, ngi nhn hng phi tin hnh gim nh tn tht ca hng ho v lp bin bn gim nh tn tht hoc bin bn hng v h hng lm c s tnh ton tin i bi thng. Tm li, Giao nhn vn ti hng ho xut nhp khu chuyn ch bng ng bin l nghip v phc tp trong bun bn quc t. Hp ng xut nhp khu ch c th thc hin c khi hot ng giao nhn vn ti c thc hin. Hp ng xut nhp khu l hp ng thay i quyn s hu song quyn s hu di chuyn nh th no phi cn n giao nhn v vn ti. Giao nhn v vn ti ng vai tr ht sc quan trng trong bun bn quc t.

TRNH T T NHN HNG XUT NHP KHU I VI HNG PHI LU KHO, LU BI TI CNG 1.- Cng nhn hng t tu: - Trc khi d hng, tu hoc i l phi cung cp cho cng bn lc khai hng ho

(Cargo Manifest), s hm tu cng v c quan chc nng khc nh hi quan, iu , cng v tin hnh cc th tc cn thit v b tr phng tin lm hng. - Cng v i din tu tin hnh kim tra tnh trng hm tu. Nu pht hin thy hm tu m t, hng ho trong tnh trng ln xn hay b h hng, mt mt th phi lp bin bn hai bn cng k. Nu tu khng chu k vo th mi c quan gim nh lp bin bn mi tin hnh d hng. - D hng bng cn cu ca tu hoc ca cng v xp ln phng tin vn ti a vo kho bi. Trong qu trnh d hng i din tu cng cn b giao nhn cng kim m v phn loi hng ho cng nh kim tra v tnh trng hng ho v ghi vo Taly Sheet. - Hng s c xp ln xe t v vn chuyn v kho theo phiu vn chuyn v ghi r s lng, loi hng v s B/L. - Ci mi ca v sau khi xp xong hng, cng v i din tu phi i chiu s lng hng ho giao nhn v cng k vo Tally Sheet. - Lp bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu (ROROC) trn c s Tally Sheet. Cng v tu u k vo bin bn kt ton ny, xc nhn s lng thc giao so vi bn lc khai hng (Cargo Manifest) v B/L. - Lp cc giy t cn thit trong cc qu trnh giao nhn nh giy chng nhn h hng (COR) nu hng b h hng hay yu cu tu cp phiu thiu hng (CSC), nu tu giao thiu. 2.- Cng giao hng cho ch hng: - Khi nhn c thng bo hng n, ch hng phi mang vn n gc, giy gii thiu ca c quan n hng tu nhn lnh giao hng (D/O - Delivery order). Hng tu hoc i l gi li vn n gc v trao 3 bn D/O cho ngi nhn hng; - Ch hng ng ph lu kho, ph xp d v ly bin bn; - Ch hng mng bin li li np ph, 3 bn D/O cng Invoice v Packing List n vn phng qun l tu ti cng k xc nhn D/O v tm v tr hng, ti y lu 1 bn D/O; - Ch hng mng 2 bn D/O cn li n b phn kho vn lm phiu xut kho. B phn ny gi 1 D/O v lm 2 phiu xut kho cho ch hng; - Ch hng lm th tc hi quan. Sau khi hi quan xc nhn hon thnh cc th tc hi quan ch hng c th mang ra khi cng v ch v kho ring. I VI HNG KHNG LU KHO, BI TI CNG: - Khi ch hng c khi lng hng ho ln chim ton b hm hoc tu hoc hng ri nh phn bn, xi mng, clinker, than, qung, thc phm, ... th ch hng hoc ngi c ch hng u thc c th ng ra giao nhn trc tip vi tu. Trc khi nhn hng, ch hng phi hon tt cc th hi quan v trao cho cng B/L, lnh giao hng (D/O). sau khi i chiu vi bn lc khai hng ho Manifiest, cng s ln ho n cc ph bc xp v cp lnh giao hng thng ch hng trnh cn b giao nhn hng. Sau khi nhn hng, ch hng v giao nhn cng cng k bn tng kt giao nhn v xc nhn s lng hng ho giao nhn bng phiu giao hng kim phiu xut kho. i vi tu vn phi lp Tally Sheet v ROROC nh trn.

I VI HNG NHP BNG CONTAINER: 1. Nu l hng nguyn (FCL/FCL): - Khi nhn c thng bo hng n (Noitice of arrival), ch hng mang B/L gc v giy gii thiu ca c quan n hng tu ly D/O; - Ch hng mang D/O n hi quan lm th tc v ng k kim ho chnh ch hng c th a c container v kho ring hoc ICD kim tra hi quan nhng phi tr v container ng hn nu khng s b pht; - Sau khi hon thnh th tc hi quan, ch hng phi mang ton b chng t nhn hng cng D/O n vn phng qun l tu ti cng n xc nhn D/O; - Ly phiu xut kho v nhn hng. 2. Nu l hng l (LCL/LCL): Ch hng mang vn n gc hoc vn n gom hng n hng tu hoc i l ca ngi gom hng ly D/O, sau nhn hng ti CFS quy nh v lm cc th tc nh trn.