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Da vo th hm s (C ) : y = f ( x ) suy ra th hm s
(C1 ) : y1 = f ( x)
y
C
y
y
=
=
(
)
:
1
Ta co: 1
y
Do o o th
Neu y 0
(C1 ) : y1 = f ( x)
co 2 phan o th :
Dng 2
Da vo th hm s (C ) : y = f ( x ) suy ra th hm s
(C2 ) : y2 = f ( x )
Nhan xet :
Nen
(C2 ) : y2 = f ( x )
la ham so chan
f ( x) = y Neu x 0 (1)
(
)
:
(
)
C
y
f
x
=
=
2
2
Ta co:
Neu x 0
f ( x)
Do o o th
(C2 ) : y2 = f ( x )
co 2 phan o th :
Dng 3
Da vo th hm s (C ) : y = f ( x ) suy ra th hm s
(C3 ) : y3 = f ( x)
Nhan xet : Neu M ( x0 ; y0 ) (C3 ) M ( x0 ; y0 ) (C3 )
Nen
Ta co:
(C3 ) : y3 = f ( x) = y y3 = y Neu y 0
Mot so phng phap ve o th cua ham so co cha dau gia tr tuyet oi.
Do o o th
(C3 ) : y3 = f ( x)
co 2 phan o th :
Dng 4
Da vo th hm s (C ) : y = f ( x ) = u ( x ).v ( x ) suy ra
th hm s
(C4 ) : y4 = u ( x) .v( x)
Ta co:
Neu u ( x) 0
u ( x ).v ( x) = f ( x ) = y
(C4 ) : y4 = u ( x ) .v ( x) =
u ( x).v( x ) = f ( x ) = y Neu u ( x ) 0
Do o o th
(C4 ) : y4 = u ( x) .v( x)
co 2 phan o th :
Ta co:
Neu x a
( x a ).v ( x) = f ( x) = y
(C4 ) : y4 = x a .v( x) =
( x a ).v( x) = f ( x ) = y Neu x a
co 2 phan o th :
+ Phan 1:
la phan o th (C ) : y = f ( x ) nam ben phai ng thang x = a
+ Phan 2: la phan o th (C ) : y = f ( x ) nam ben trai
ng thang x = a lay oi xng qua Ox.
Mot so phng phap ve o th cua ham so co cha dau gia tr tuyet oi.
TONG QUAT
T 4 dang o th co cha dau gia tr tuyet oi c ban tren ta co the suy ra
nhieu dang o th co cha dau gia tr tuyet oi khac chang han:
Dng 5
Da vo th hm s (C ) : y = f ( x ) suy ra th hm s
(C5 ) : y5 = f ( x )
e ve
Dng 6
(C5 ) : y5 = f ( x )
ta lam 2 bc nh sau:
+ Bc 1: ve
y51 = f ( x ) = g ( x)
da vao dang 2
+ Bc 2: ve
y5 = f ( x ) = g ( x)
da vao dang 1
Da vo th hm s (C ) : y = f ( x ) suy ra th hm s
(C6 ) : y6 = f ( x )
e ve
Dng 7
(C6 ) : y6 = f ( x )
ta lam 2 bc nh sau:
+ Bc 1: ve
y61 = f ( x ) = g ( x)
+ Bc 2: ve
y6 = g ( x)
da vao dang 2
da vao dang 3
Da vo th hm s (C ) : y = f ( x ) suy ra th hm s
(C7 ) : y7 = f ( x )
e ve
(C7 ) : y7 = f ( x )
ta lam 3 bc nh sau:
+ Bc 1: ve
y71 = f ( x ) = g ( x)
+ Bc 2: ve
y72 = f ( x ) = g ( x) = h( x)
+ Bc 3: ve
(C7 ) : y7 = h( x)
da vao dang 2
da vao dang 1
da vao dang 3
Mot so phng phap ve o th cua ham so co cha dau gia tr tuyet oi.
2
3) Tm tham so m e phng trnh 2 x 3 x + 2 = m co bon
Giai
TX: D = R
2
y ' = 6 x 6 x ; y ' = 0 x = 0 hoac x = 1
HSB tren khoang ( ;0) ; ( 1; + ). HSNB tren khoang ( 0;1 )
Ham so at cc ai tai x = 0; yC = 1 ; Ham so at cc tieu tai x =1; yCT = 0
y =
xlim
BBT
x
B:
P( 1; 4)
Q(2;5)
+ 0 0 +
1
+
y
C
CT
4
3
2
1
x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
THS Loi
NX: o th nhan
iem uon I lam
tam oi xng P
1/2
+
0
+
U
Lom
I(1/2;1/2)
-1
3
2
y
=
2
x
3
x
+1
-3
-2
-4
-5
Hnh 1
2) Viet PTTT cua o th (C) tai giao iem cua (C) vi ng thang x = 1
x = 1 => y = f( 1) = 4 => giao iem M( 1; 4)
pttt co dang d: y = f ' ( x 0 ).( x x 0 ) + y 0 .
f '( x0 ) = f '(1) = 12 => pttt d: y
= 12( x + 1) 4 = 12 x + 8 .
Mot so phng phap ve o th cua ham so co cha dau gia tr tuyet oi.
3
phan biet.
3
2
2
Ta co: 2 x 3 x + 2 = m 2 x 3 x + 1 = m 1
3
2 x 3 3 x 2 + 1 neu
x0
y
=
T a co (C1 ) : 1
3
2
2 x 3 x + 1 neu x < 0
=> (C1 ) co 2 phan o th:
Phan I : o th (C) nam ben phai truc Oy (ca iem nam tren Oy)
Phan II : Lay oi xng o th Phan I qua Oy
v ham so y1 la ham so chan
Ve (C1 ) ( Hnh 2)
5
4
3
2
1
x
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
-1
-2
-3
y1 = 2 x 3x2 +1
-4
-5
Da vao (C1 ) ta co: 0 < m 1 < 1
Hnh 2
1 4
x 4 x 2 + 3 co o th la (C)
2
a) Khao sat va ve o th (C) cua ham so.
V du 2.
Cho ham so y =
Mot so phng phap ve o th cua ham so co cha dau gia tr tuyet oi.
b) nh m e phng trnh :
biet.
c) nh m e phng trnh :
1 4
x 4 x 2 + 3 = lg m co 4 nghiem phan
2
1 4
x 4 x 2 + 3 = lg m co 8 nghiem phan
2
biet.
Giai
a) Khao sat va ve o th ham so.
y = +
BBT :
x 2 0
2
+
y
0 + 0 0 +
+
3
+
y
CT
C
CT
5
5
0 +
T
(C) Lom U Loi U
Lom
(2 3 / 3 ;13/9) (2 3 / 3 ;13/9)
o th:
o NX: o th nhan Oy lam truc oi xng
o B: A(3; 15/2), B(3;15/2)
Mot so phng phap ve o th cua ham so co cha dau gia tr tuyet oi.
8 y
7
6
5
4 C
3
2
1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
CT
-6
-7
b) nh m e phng trnh :
3
y=
1 4
x 4x2 + 3
2
CT
1 4
x 4 x 2 + 3 = lg m co 4 nghiem phan biet.
2
YCBT <=> 5 < lg m < 3 <=> lg105 < lg m < lg103 105 < m < 103
1 4
x 4 x 2 + 3 = lg m co 8 nghiem phan biet.
2
1
ay la PT HG cua o th (C1 ) : y1 = x 4 4 x 2 + 3 va ng thang
2
d: y = m 1
c) nh m e phng trnh :
Neu y 0
Neu y 0
T a co : (C1 ) : y1 = y =
Do o o th
(C1 ) : y1 = f ( x)
co 2 phan o th :
3
2
1
x
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
-1
-2
-3
1
y1 = x4 4x2 + 3
2
-4
-5
Mot so phng phap ve o th cua ham so co cha dau gia tr tuyet oi.
YCBT <=> 0 < lg m < 3 <=> lg1 < lg m < lg103 1 < m < 1000
Ve th hm s
V du 3.
Ta ve o th ham so
x2
(C1 ) : y1 =
x 1
x2
(C ) : y =
x 1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
x
1
-1
-2
-3
x2
(C1 ) : y1 =
Da vao (C) ta co:
x 1
co 2 phan o th :
x2
(C1 ) : y1 =
x 1
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-1
-2
-3
x
1
Mot so phng phap ve o th cua ham so co cha dau gia tr tuyet oi.
Ve th hm s
V du 4.
Ta ve o th ham so
(C1 ) : y1 =
(C ) : y =
x 1
x +1
x 1
x +1
y
5
4
(C) : y =
x 1
x +1
2
1
x
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
x 1
(
C
)
:
y
=
1
1
Da vao (C) ta co:
x +1
co 2 phan o th :
y
5
4
3
(C1): y1 =
x 1
x +1
1
x
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Mot so phng phap ve o th cua ham so co cha dau gia tr tuyet oi.
V du 5.
Ve th hm s
Da vao o th ham so
x2
(C5 ) : y5 =
x 1
x2
(C5 ) : y5 =
x 1
x2
(C ) : y =
x 1
v du 3 ta co:
co 2 phan o th :
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
x2
(C 5 ) : y5 =
x 1
-5
V du 6.
-4
-3
-2
-1
Ve th hm s
Da vao o th ham so
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
x2
(C6 ) : y6 =
x 1
x2
(C5 ) : y5 =
x 1
v du 5 ta co:
Mot so phng phap ve o th cua ham so co cha dau gia tr tuyet oi.
x2
(C6 ) : y6 =
x 1
co 2 phan o th :
+ Phan 1: la phan o th
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
x2
(C 6 ) : y 6 =
x 1
-5
-4
V du 7.
-3
-2
-1
Ve th hm s
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
x2
(C7 ) : y7 =
x 1
Da vao o th ham so
x2
(C6 ) : y6 =
x 1
x2
(C7 ) : y7 =
x 1
co 2 phan o th :
v du 6 ta co:
Mot so phng phap ve o th cua ham so co cha dau gia tr tuyet oi.
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
x2
(C7 ) : y7 =
x 1
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1 -1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7