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S IN LI Bi 1. S in li BT1. Vit cc phng trnh in li cho cc trng hp sau: NaCl; HCl; KOH; H2SO4; AlCl3; (NH4)2CO3 BT2.

Vit cc phng trnh in li v tnh s mol cc ion sinh ra trong cc trng hp sau: a. dd cha 0,2 mol HNO3 b. dd cha 0,5 mol Na3PO4 c. dd cha 2 mol NaClO d. dd cha 2,75 mol CH3COONa BT3. Cho cc dung dch sau: a. 200ml dd cha 0,25 mol Na2S b. 500ml dd cha 8,5g NaNO3 c. dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,3M d. dd Al2(SO4)3 0,15M Vit cc phng trnh in li v tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch
BT4. Mt dung dch c cha 0,2 mol K+; 0,3 mol Mg2+; 0,45 mol NO3 v x mol Cl .

a. Tnh x? b. C cn dung dch thu c m gam mui khan. Tnh m? BT5. Ha tan hai mui X, Y vo nc c 1 lit dung dch cha: [Zn2+] = 0,2M; [Na+] = 0,3M; [ SO4 ] = 0,15M; [ Cl ] = p (M). a. Tnh p b. Tm cng thc hai mui X, Y ban u. Tnh khi lng mi mui em ha tan. Bi 2. Phn loi cht in li BT1. Ch ra cc cht sau y l cht in li mnh hay in li yu trong nc. Vit phng trnh in li ca chng? NaBr; HClO; CaCl2; CH3COOH; K2CO3; Mg(OH)2. BT2. Hy sp xp dung dch cc cht sau (cng nng ) theo chiu tng dn kh nng dn in: CH3COOH; AlCl3; Al2(SO4)3; AgNO3; Ba(OH)2. BT3. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch trong cc trng hp sau: a. dd Na2SO3 0,3M ( =1) b. dd HF 0,4M ( = 0,08) c. dd HClO 0,75 ( = 5%) d. dd HNO2 0,5M ( = 6%) Bi 3. Axit Baz BT1. Xc nh vai tr ca cc cht sau (axit/ bazo/ lng tnh/ trung tnh) v vit phng trnh in li: HI;
3 + CH 3COO ; H 2 PO4 ; PO4 ; NH3; S 2 ; HSO3 ; Na+; NH 4 ; Zn(OH)2. + BT2. Vit biu thc tnh Ka/ Kb cho cc trng hp sau: HF; NH 4 ; ClO ; CH 3COO . 2

BT3. Trong hai lit dung dch axit flohidric c cha 4g HF. in li ca axit ny l 8%. Tnh hng s phn li Ka ca axit HF. BT4. Cho hai dung dch sau:

a. CH3COOH 0,1M (Ka = 1,75.10-5). Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ b. NH3 0,1M (Kb = 1,8.10-5). Tnh nng mol ca ion OH
Bi 4. S in li ca nc. pH. BT1. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau: a. dung dch HCl 0,01M b. dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,05M d. 4 lt dd c ha tan 4g NaOH v 16,8g KOH c. 2 lt dung dch c ha tan 3,92g H2SO4 dung dch thu c sau khi trn.
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BT2. Mt dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Ly 50ml dung dch trn em trn vi 150ml nc nguyn cht. Tnh pH ca

BT3. Trn 200ml dung dch HNO3 0,2M vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,3M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch X. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c sau phn ng. BT4. Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,2M; bit rng hng s phn li axit bng 1,75.10-5. BT5. pH ca mt dung dch NH3 l 11,477. Tnh nng ca dung dch NH3 bit hng s phn li bazo ca NH 3 l 1,8.10-5. (S: 0,5M) * BT6. Cho 200ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,2M. Sau thm vo 1,23g CH3COONa. Tnh pH ca dung dch sau phn ng bit Ka (CH3COOH)=1,75.10-5. (gi s th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k). BT7. Trn 100ml dung dch H2SO4 3M vi 300 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c sau phn ng? BT8. Trn 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M vi 300ml dung dch NaOH x mol/l. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch c pH = 13. Tm x? Bi 5. Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cht in li. BT1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng phn t (nu c) v dng ion thu gn. 1.1 Fe2(SO4)3 + NaOH 1.2 KNO3 + NaCl 1.3 Cu(OH)2 + HNO3 1.4 FeS + HCl 1.5 CaCO3 + H2SO4 1.6 CuSO4 + H2S 1.7 AgNO3 + HBr 1.8 Al(OH)3 + KOH 1.9 Na2HPO4 + HCl 1.10 NaHSO3 + NaOH BT2. Vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn cho cc phn ng oxi ha kh xy ra trong dung dch sau: 2.1 Zn + HCl 2.2 Cu + H2SO4 c nng 2.3 Fe + HNO3 long 2.4 FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 long 2.5 KClO3 + HCl 2.6 FeCl3 + H2S S + FeCl2 +

PHN DNG BI TP Dng 1 Xc nh vai tr ca cht/ ion v xc nh mi trng ca dung dch. BT1. Theo quan im mi v axit- baz ca Bronsted, cc cht sau gi vai tr l axit- baz- lng tnh- trung tnh:

Na + , Al 3+ , Cu2+ , Cl

+ 2 , NO 3 , CO 3 , CH3COO , NH4 , HCO

2 , HPO4 , NH3 , HSO4 .

BT2. Cc dung dch trong nc ca tng cht sau y c pH bng 7, ln hn 7, hay nh hn 7? NaCl; Na2CO3; NH4Cl; Cu(NO3)2; Al2(SO4)3. BT3. II1-HSP-01

a. So snh pH ca cc dung dch c cng nng mol/l ca HCl v CH3COOH? gii thch? b. So snh nng mol ca cc dung dch CH3COONa v NaOH cng pH? gii thch?
Dng 2. Vit phng phn t v phng trnh ion thu gn. BT1.Vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn. a. NaHCO3 + NaOH b. NaHCO3 + Ba(OH)2(1:1) d. NaHCO3 + CaCl2 e. Na2CO3 + AlCl3 BT2. I2- H Nng 01 Vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng phn t (nu c) v ion thu gn? a. MgCl2+ K3PO4 b. BaCl2 + H2SO4 d. FeCl2 + H2S. e. KNO3 + NaCl
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c. NaHCO3 + Ba(OH)2 (2:1) f. Na2CO3 + CaCl2

c HCl + AgNO3 f. NaHCO3 + KOH

BT3. Cho cc cht Na2CO3; BaCl2; NaHCO3; H2SO4; NaOH. Cho cc cht trn tc dng vi nhau tng i mt. Vit cc phng trnh phn t dng ion thu gn? BT4. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra dng phn t v ion thu gn. a. NaHCO3 + CaCl2 b. Ca(OH)2 + Ca(H2PO4)2 c. Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 d. NaHSO4 + BaCl2 e. HCl + Na2HPO4 (1:1) f. d2 AlCl3 + d2 NH3. BT5. I1-H Thng Long 01 a, H2SO4 c nng +Cu b, H2SO4 + Al(OH)3 c, H2SO4 long + Fe d, H2SO4 c nng + Fe e, FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4. f, CH3COOH + NaOH. BT6. H Ngoi Thng 00: Hon thnh cc phng trnh sau dng ion thu gn? a. Cu + NaNO3 + H2SO4 c. FeSO4 + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 long b. FeCl3 + dd K2CO3 d. K[Al(OH)4] + ddHCl BT7. CSP HN 00 Vit cc phng trnh phn t v ion thu gn trong cc trng hp sau:

a. Cho FeS tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu kh SO2 b. Cho Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 thu c NH4NO3.
BT8. I-H Cng on-01 Cho bt nhm tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c dung dch A, kh N2O. - Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A thu c dung dch B v kh C. - Cho dung dch H2SO4 long n d vo B Vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn. *BT9. Ho tan hon ton hn hp bt Al, Al2O3 bng dung dch NaOH va thu c dung dch A. Khuy u dung dch A, ng thi cho t t dung dch NH4Cl bo ho vo n d, un nng thy c kh mi khai bay ra v xut hin kt ta trng. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn. *BT10. VIIa-H BK 00 Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ca Ba(HCO3)2 vi cc dung dch HNO3; Ca(OH)2; Na2SO4; NaHSO4 BT11. Cho cc dung dch KHCO3, KHSO4, KOH, HCl, Ca(OH)2, K2CO3, FeCl3. Cho cc dung dch tc dng vi nhau tng i mt. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng c th xy ra dng phn t v ion thu gn. Dng 3. Bi tp pH A/ Trng hp cc cht in li mnh BT1. Pha long 200ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 vi 1,3 lt nc thu c dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u, gi s Ba(OH)2 phn li hon ton. BT2. Ho tan m gam kim loi Ba vo nc thu c 1,5 lt dung dch X c pH=13. Tnh m? BT3. Mt dung dch H2SO4 c pH=2 a. Cn pha trn dung dch trn vi nc theo t l th tch nh th no c dung dch c pH=3

b. trung ho 10ml dung dch NaOH cn dng 100ml dung dch axit trn. Tnh pH ca dd NaOH.
BT4. Mt dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH=13 a. Cn pha trn dung dch trn vi nc theo t l th tch nh th no c dung dch c pH=11

b. Trung ho 100 ml dung dch HCl cn 10 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 trn. Tnh pH ca dung dch axit
BT5: Ho tan 3,66gam hn hp Na, Ba vo nc d thu c 800ml dung dch A v 0,896 lt H 2 (ktc). Tnh pH ca dung dch A. thu c 400ml dung dch c pH=1. Tnh x? (A: 13) (A: x=0,46M)
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BT6. Trn 150ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,3M vi 250ml dung dch HCl x M. Sau phn ng

BT7. Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,025M cn cho vo 100ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 v HCl c pH=1 thu c dung dch c pH=2. (A: V=0,15 lt) BT8: C 50 ml dung dch cha hn hp KOH 0,05M v Ba(OH) 2 0,025M ngi ta thm V ml dung dch HCl 0,16M vo 50 ml dung dch trn thu c dung dch mi c pH = 2. Tnh V? (A: 36,67 ml) BT9: Trn 100 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml dung dch gm H 2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M thu c dung dch X.Tnh pH ca dung dch X? (A: 2) BT10: Th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,025M cn cho vo 100ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO 3 v HCl c pH = 1, thu c dung dch c pH =12. (A: 0,275 lt) BT11: Trn ln 3 dd H2SO4 0,1M; HNO3 0,2M v HCl; 0,3M vi nhng th tch bng nhau thu c ddA. Ly 300ml ddA cho phn ng vi V lt ddB gm NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,29M thu c ddC c pH = 2. Tnh V. (A: 0,134 lt) BT12: Trn 100 ml dung dch c pH = 1 gm HCl v HNO 3 vi 100 ml dd NaOH nng a (mol/l) thu c 200 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh a (bit trong mi dung dch [H+][OH-] = 10-14) (A: 0,12) BT13: Trn 3 dung dch HCl 0,3M; H2SO4 0,2M v H3PO4 0,1M vi nhng th tch bng nhau thu c dung dch X. Dung dch Y gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH) 2 0,2M. trung ha 300 ml dung dch X cn va V ml dung dch Y. Tnh gi tr ca V. (A: 2000 ml) BT14: Trn 200 ml dung dch gm HCl 0,1M v H2SO4 0,05M vi 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng x M thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 13. Tnh gi tr ca x v m (A: x=0,15; m = 2,33) BT15: Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,08 (mol/l) v H2SO4 0,01 (mol/l) vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng x mol thu c m (g) kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tm m v x ? ( m= 0,5825g; x=0,06) BT16. Trn 300ml dung dch hn hp HNO3 0,3M v H2SO4 0,1M vi 200ml dung dch hn hp Ba(OH) 2 x M v KOH 0,75M thu c dung dch c pH = 13 v m gam kt ta. Tnh x v m? BT17. Trn 150ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,3M v H 2SO4 0,1M vi 100ml dung dch hn hp Ba(OH)2 x M v KOH 0,3M thu c dung dch c pH=1,7 v m gam kt ta. Tnh x v m? A: x=0,2; m=3,495g BT18: Khi trn nhng th tch bng nhau ca dung dch HNO 3 0,01M v dung dch NaOH 0,03M th thu c dung dch c pH bng bao nhiu? (A: 12) BT19. Ho tan 1,12g Fe vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. Tnh pH ca dung dch sau phn ng? BT20. Ho tan m gam Zn vo 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 2M thu c 7,84 lt kh hiro v dung dch X. Tnh pH ca dung dch X? BT21. Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp kim loi X, Y vo 250 ml dung dch HCl 1M, sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lt kh hiro ktc v dung dch Z. Tnh pH ca dung dch Z? BT22. Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dd X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit H 2SO4 0,5M, thu c 5,32 lt H2 ( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dd khng i). Xc nh pH ca dd Y? (pH=1) B/ Trng hp vi cc cht in li yu BT21. Tnh pH ca mt dung dch axit yu HF 0,5M; bit in li =8% BT22. Tnh pH ca dung dch NH3 bit 2 lt dung dch c ho tan 11,2 lt NH3, bit hng s phn li baz ca NH3 l 1,8.10-5. BT23. Ho tan 10,7g NH4Cl vo nc c 1 lt dung dch X.
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a. Tnh pH ca dung dch X bit hng s phn li baz ca NH3 l 1,8.10-5.


b. Nu thm vo dung dch X 500 ml dung dch HCl 0,04M c dung dch Y. Tnh pH ca dung dch Y? BT24. Mt dung dch X cha axit yu HA nng C1; mui NaA nng C2. Axit HA c hng s axit Ka. Lp biu thc tnh pH ph thuc vo Ka; C1; C2 *BT25. Ho tan m gam mui CH3COONa vo 200 ml dung dch CH3COOH 2M thu c dung dch X. Sau thm 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo X, sau phn ng c dung dch Y c pH = 4,3098. Tnh m bit K a = 1,75.10-5. (A: 0.075 mol =6.15g) **BT26. Dung dch A cha HF 0,1M v NaF 0,1M. Tnh pH ca dung dch bit pKa = 3,17

Dng 4. Gii bi ton c s dng nh lut bo ton in tch. BT1. Dung dch no sau y tn ti
+ 2 a. Na+, NH 4 , Cl , SO4 3 2 d. PO4 , Cl , SO3 , Ca 2+ . b. Fe3+, K+, OH , NO3 . 2 e. Al3+, CO3 , Na+, K+ 2 c. Mg2+, Na+, CO3 , + f. NH 4 , Cu2+, Cl , NO3

Br

BT2. Cc dung dch sau y c tn ti hay khng? gii thch?


+ a. Na+: 0,02mol; NH 4 : 0,05mol 2 Cl : 0,04mol; SO4 : 0,015mol b. OH : 0,03mol; NO3 : 0,02mol

Ca 2+ : 0,02mol; Cu2+: 0,005mol


d. Ba2+: 0,1M; Ag+: 0,2M

c. Mg2+: 0,4M;

Na+: 0,6M

CO32 : 0,6M; Cl : 0,4M

HCO3 : 0,3M; NO3 : 0,1M

BT3. III2-H Cn Th 01 C hai dung dch : ddA v ddB. Mi dung dch ch c hai loi cation v hai loi anion trong s:

K + (0,15mol)
Cl

Mg2+ (0,1mol)
2 SO 4 (0,075mol)

NH+ (0,25mol) 4
NO 3 (0,25mol)

H+(0,2mol)

(0,1mol)

C 3 (0,15mol). O2

Xc nh cc ion c trong mi dung dch. BT4. C hai dung dch, mi dung dch ch cha hai loi cation v hai loi anion trong s cc ion sau:
+ 3 2 Ca2+; Fe3+; K+; NH 4 ; PO4 ; NO 3 ; CO 3 ; Br . Xc nh cc ion c trong mi dung dch 2 O BT5. Hy tnh tng khi lng mui c trong dung dch A cha cc ion Na +; NH4 ; SO 4 ; C 3

bit rng khi

cho A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d v un nng thu c 0,34g kh c th lm xanh qu m v 4,3g kt ta; cn khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 d th thu c 0,224 lt kh ktc.
BT6. Mt dung dch X cha x mol Na+; 0,1 mol Ca2+; 0,3 mol HCO3 v y mol Cl . C cn dung dch X ri ly

cht rn em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 16,75g cht rn. Tm x v y?


BT7. Trn dung dch cha Ba2+; 0,04 mol Na+; 0,2 mol OH vi dung dch cha K+; 0,06 mol HCO3 ; 0,05 mol

CO32 thu c m gam kt ta. Tnh m?

(15,76g)

BT8. Trong dung dch X c 0,02 mol Ca2+; 0,05 mol Mg2+; HCO3 v 0,12 mol ion Cl . Trong dung dch Y c

OH ; 0,04 mol Cl v 0,16 mol ion K+. Cho X vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh khi lng
kt ta thu c? (A: 4,9g)
BT9. Dung dch A c ho tan 18g NaHSO 4 v 13,375g NH4Cl. Dung dch B cha ion Ba2+, 0,2mol NO3 , 0,35mol

K+, 0,35mol OH - . Trn dung dch A vi dung dch B thu c m gam kt ta v V lt kh ktc. Tnh m v V?

*BT10 . Cho 78,4g hn hp L gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c 155,4g mui khan. Nu cho 78,4g hn hp L trn tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch M l hn hp HCl v H 2SO4 long thu c 167,9g mui khan. Tnh nng mol ca HCl v H2SO4 trong dung dch M. Dng 5. Gii bi ton c s dng phng trnh ion thu gn
BT1. Dung dch A c cha 5 ion: Mg2+, Ba2+ , Ca2+, 0,1 mol Cl- v 0,2 mol NO3 . Thm dn V lt dung dch

K2CO3 1M vo A n khi c lng kt ta ln nht th dng li. Tnh V?


2 2 2 BT2. Dung dch A cha cc ion CO3 ; SO3 ; SO4 v 0,1 mol HCO3 ; 0,3 mol Na+. Thm dn V lt dung dch

Ba(OH)2 2M vo dung dch A th thu thu c lng kt ta ln nht. Tnh V? BT3. Cho 200 ml dung dch hn hp KOH 0,9 M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 0,3M v Al2(SO4)3. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, tnh khi lng kt ta thu c? BT4. Dung dch A cha 0,02 mol CuSO4 v 0,015 mol FeCl3. Dung dch B cha 0,035 mol Ba(OH)2 v 0,02 mol KOH. Trn dung dch A vo dung dch B. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c? BT5. Cho 100 ml dung dch A cha Na2SO4 0,1M v K2SO4 0,2M phn ng va vi 100 ml dung dch B cha Pb(NO3)2 0,125M v BaCl2. Tnh nng mol ca BaCl2 trong dung dch v khi lng cht kt ta thu c sau phn ng. BT6. Cho hn hp cha K2O, NH4Cl, KHCO3 v BaCl2 c s mol mi cht u bng 0,1 mol. Cho hn hp X vo nc (d), un nng ri c cn dung dch th thu c m gam cht rn khan Tnh m? (22,35g) BT7. Cho 9,6g Cu vo 150 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, sau phn ng thu c kh NO duy nht ktc. Tnh th tch kh NO v nng ca cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng? BT8. Ho tan 8g Cu vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp NaNO3 0,75M v H2SO4 0,75M. Sau phn ng thu kh NO duy nht ktc v dung dch X.C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Tnh V, m? BT9. Ho tan 9,75g Zn vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp HNO 3 1,8 M v H2SO4 1,5M, sau phn ng thu c V lt kh NO ktc v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Tnh V v m? BT10. Cho 10,8g Al vo 1,5 lt dung dch hn hp HNO3 0,5M v HCl 1,5M thu c V lt N2O- sn phm kh duy nht ktc. Tnh V? Dng 6. Bi ton cho t t axit vo dung dch mui cacbonat v ngc li. BT1. Dung dch A cha 0,2 mol HCl. Dung dch B cha 0,125mol Na 2CO3. Tnh th tch kh CO2 thu c khi cho t t dung dch A vo dung dch B v ngc li. BT2. Cho t t 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 300 ml dung dch Na 2CO3 1M thu c V lt kh CO2 ktc v dung dch X a. Tnh V?

b. Cho vo dung dch X lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2 d. Tnh khi lng kt ta sau phn ng.
BT3. Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na 2CO3 thu c V lt kh ktc v dung dch X. Cho dd Ca(OH)2 d vo dung dch X thy c kt ta. Tm biu thc lin h gia a, b v V? BT4. X l dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 0,1M v KHCO3 0,1M. Tnh th tch kh CO2 thot ra khi cho t t 100 ml dung dch X vo 240 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M v ngc li. BT5. Ho tan a gam hn hp Na2CO3 v KHCO3 vo nc c 400 ml dung dch X. Cho t t 150 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch X, thu c dung dch Y v 1,008 lt kh ktc. Cho Y tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d thu c 29,55g kt ta. Tnh a?
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BT6. Cho t t 2 lt dung dch hn hp gm HCl 1M v CH3COOH 0,1M vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm Na2CO3 0,4M v K2CO3 2M thu c V lt kh ktc. Tnh V?

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