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u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47

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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 1
U T NC NGOI
TRNG I HC NGOI THNG
Khoa Kinh t & Kinh doanh Quc t
Ging vin: Phan Thi Vn
Khoa Kinh t va Kinh doanh Quc t
in thoi : 0986 161 181
Email: phanthivan@ftu.edu.vn
Mn hc
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 2
Mc tiu ca mn hc
Khi kt thc kha hc, hc vin c th
C c nhng hiu bit c bn v u t
nc ngoi
Hnh dung c quy trnh lp d n u t
Phn tch v nh gi c hiu qu ti
chnh ca mt d n u t
Nm r cc quy nh v qun l nh nc
i vi nh u t nc ngoi.
p dng lm cng tc tn dng, t vn
lut u t
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 3
Ti liu
Gio trnh
Slide + Bi ging trn lp
Websites: www.mpi.gov.vn
www.unctad.org
www.oecd.org
Vn bn php lut:
Lut u t s 59/2005/QH11 ngy 29 thng 11
nm 2005
Lut Doanh nghip s 60/2005/QH11 ngy 29
thng 11 nm 2005
Nghi nh 108/2006/NDCP ngy 22/9/2006
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 4
Ni dung chng trnh
Chng I: Tng quan v u t quc t
Chng II: D n u t trc tip nc ngoi
Chng III: Qun l nh nc v hot ng
u t nc ngoi
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 5
Phn b thi gian va phng php
nh gia kt qu
Phn b thi gian
Trn lp
L thuyt: 30 tit
Tho lun, bi tp, kim tra hc trnh: 30 tit
T hc va nghin cu: 30 tit
Phng php nh gia kt qu:
im chuyn cn: 20%
Kim tra gia ky (Vit): 20%
Thi ht mn (trc nghim): 60%
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 6
CHNG I
TNG QUAN V U T QUC T
TRNG I HC NGOI THNG
Khoa Kinh t & Kinh doanh Quc t
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 7
CHNG I
TNG QUAN V U T QUC T
I. Cc khi nim
II. Phn loi u t nc ngoi
III. u t trc tip nc ngoi
IV. u t chng khon nc ngoi va
tn dng t nhn quc t
V. H tr pht trin chnh thc
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 8
I. CC KHI NIM
1. u t
2. u t quc t, u t nc
ngoi
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 9
a/Khi nim u t
Ngun lc
Li ch trong tng lai
Khong thi gian
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 10
Theo kinh t v m
Hng ha vn mi
Nha xng
Cng n vic lm
Tng trng kinh t
Khong thi gian
Bn cht sn xut
Ti sn thc
u t mi
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 11
Trong ti chnh
Ti sn ti chnh
-Thu nhp (c tc)
-Li nhun t cc
khon u t
(gia tr c phiu)
Khong thi gian
C phiu
Tri phiu
Chng khon phi sinh
Bn cht ti chnh
Mua li va sp nhp
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 12
Theo lut php v u t
Tt c cc dng ti sn
Li nhun v/hoc
li ch kinh t xa hi
Khong thi gian
Vn s hu/ti sn
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 13
Cu hi 1
S khc bit c bn gia khi nim u t
theo quan im kinh t v m, ti chnh va lut php l gi?
Nu v du v u t theo mi cch nh ngha.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 14
b/Mt vi ch tiu c bn nh gi hiu
qu hot ng u t
D n
ROA Return on Assets
ROA= (Li nhun thun + li vay)/tng ti sn
ROE = Li nhun thun /Vn chu s hu
ROE Return on equity
ICOR
Incremental Capital Output Ratio
Harrod Dormar
Quc gia
ICOR = (Kt-Kt-1) / (Yt-Yt-1)
T l vn trn sn lng tng thm
ICOR = I/ GDP
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 15
ICOR Vietnam
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '00 '01 '02 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 16
c/Phn loi u t
di hn dch v
Mua li
va sp
nhp
nc
ngoi
trung
hn
chnh
thc
gin
tip
thng
mi
u t
mi
trong
nc
ngn
hn
t
nhn
trc
tip
sn
xut
Theo
loi ti
sn
Theo
ngun
vn
Theo
thi
gian
Theo
chu
u t
Theo
quyn
kim
sot
Theo
lnh
vc
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 17 Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 18
C cu cc ngun vn trong tng u t
x hi ca Vit nam (2003, 2004)
52.6%
31.6%
15.6%
Vn nh nc
Vn ngoi quc
doanh

52.9%
30.6%
16.7%
Vn nh nc
Vn ngoi quc
doanh

I. Khi nim
chung
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 19 Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 20
2. u t quc t, u t
nc ngoi
a/ Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin
b/ Khi nim
u t nc ngoi l vic cc nh u t
ca mt nc (php nhn hoc c nhn)
a vn hoc bt k hnh thc gi tr no
khc sang mt nc khc thc hin cc
hot ng sn xut kinh doanh hoc cc
hot ng khc nhm thu li nhun hoc t
cc hiu qu x hi.
c/ c im
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 21
II. PHN LOI U T NC NGOI
1. Knh chnh phu hay knh chnh thc
Nha u t l cc chnh phu, cc t chc
quc t
2. Knh t nhn
Nha u t l cc c nhn, cng ty, cc t
chc t nhn
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 22
FOREIGN INVESTMENT FLOWS
Official Flows Private Flows
FDI FPI Private
loans
Portfoli
o
Equity
Flows
Bond
Debt
Flows
Commercial
Loans
ODA OOF
s
II. PHN LOI U T NC NGOI
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 23 Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 24
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 25
III. U T TRC TIP NC NGOI
Foreign Direct Investment FDI
1. Khi nim FDI
2. Mt s khi nim lin quan
3. o lng dng FDI va FDI ly k
4. Phn loi FDI
5. Mt s l thuyt v FDI
6. Cc nhn t nh hng n FDI
7. Tc ng ca FDI
8. Xu th vn ng ca FDI trn th gii
9. Thc trng FDI ti Vit Nam
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 26
1. Khi nim FDI
IMF- u t trc tip l dng u t quc t phn nh
mc tiu ca mt thc th c tru ti mt nn kinh t,
nhm c c mi quan tm (li ch) lu di trong mt
doanh nghip c tru ti mt nn kinh t khc. (Thc
th ny l nha u t trc tip va doanh nghip l
doanh nghip u t trc tip). Mi quan tm (li ch)
lu di ngu l tn ti mt mi quan h di hn gia
nha u t trc tip vi doanh nghip va mt mc
nh hng ng k ca nha u t i vi vic qun
ly doanh nghip. u t trc tip khng ch bao gm
nhng giao dch ban u thit lp nn mi quan h
gia nha u t va doanh nghip, m cn c nhng
giao dch tip theo gia h va gia cc doanh nghip,
du c t cch php nhn hay khng c t cch php
nhn.
Ngun: IMF 1993 trang 86-87
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 27
Khi nim ca IMF
Doanh nghip u t trc tip nc ngoi:
nha u t trc tip nc ngoi nm gi t
10% c phiu thng.
Nha u t trc tip: C nhn, doanh nghip
t nhn, doanh nghip nha nc c t cch
php nhn hoc khng, nhm c nhn hoc
doanh nghip, chnh phu hoc cc c quan
chnh phu, tp on, hoc cc t chc khc s
hu kt hp 10% tr ln
Ngun: IMF 1993 trang 86-87
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 28
Khi nim ca OECD
FDI phn nh mc tiu ca mt thc th c tru ti mt
nn kinh t (nha u t trc tip) mun c c mt
mi quan tm (li ch) lu di trong mt thc th c tru
ti mt nn kinh t khc nn kinh t ca nha u t
(doanh nghip u t trc tip). Mi quan tm (li
ch) lu di ngu rng: tn ti mt mi quan h di
hn gia nha u t trc tip vi doanh nghip va mt
mc nh hng ng k trong vic qun ly doanh
nghip o. u t trc tip lin quan n c giao dch
ban u gia hai thc th va mi giao dch vn tip
theo gia chng va gia cc cng ty con, du c t
cch php nhn hay khng c t cch php nhn.
Ngun: OECD 1996, trang 7-8
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 29
Khi nim ca OECD
Nha u t trc tip: C nhn, doanh
nghip t nhn, doanh nghip nha nc
c t cch php nhn hoc khng, chnh
phu, nhm c nhn c lin quan hoc
nhm doanh nghip c hoc khng c t
cch php nhn c lin quan s hu
10% tr ln c phiu thng hoc c
phiu c quyn biu quyt
Ngun: OECD 1996, trang 7-8
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 30
Theo mt s quc gia
i din trong ban gim c
Tham gia vo qu trnh ra quyt nh
Cc giao dch vt cht bn ngoi cng ty
Vic trao i cc nhn s qun ly
Cung cp cc thng tin ky thut
Cung cp tn dng di hn vi mc thp
hn li sut thi trng
FDI th hin bi s kt hp ca mt s nhn t nh
Ngun: OECD 1996, trang 8
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 31
Theo lut Vit Nam
u t nc ngoi: l vic nh u t
nc ngoi a vo Vit Nam vn bng
tin v cc ti sn hp php khc tin
hnh hot ng u t
u t trc tip: l hnh thc u t do
nh u t b vn u t v tham gia
qun l hot ng u t.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 32
Cc tha thun khng-gp-vn
Franchising
Hp ng qun ly
Tha thun i tc
Qun ly va kim sot nhng khng-gp-vn
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 33
Nhng hot ng khng phi l FDI
DN nc ngoi cung cp dch v qua bin gii
(thng cho mt chnh phu) m khng gp vn
DN c hp ng lm n di hn vi cng ty nc
ngoi nhng khng gp vn
DN nc ngoi cung cp y u cc ngun lc, thu
ph theo sn phm va ti sn cui cng s thuc v
nc chu nha
Cng hot ng di mt tn chung, cng chu u t,
hot ng 2 Quc gia nhng khng nm gi vn
ca nhau
Vn phng i din khng tha mn yu cu v c tru.
Ngun: OECD 1996, trang 9
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 34
Kt lun
Li ch lu di
Quyn kim sot
Ty l s hu ti thiu
Vietnam Development
Report 2006: FDI ch
hi t trong vi
vngNgun: Joint
Donor Report to the
Vietnam Consultative
Group (Hanoi,
December 6-7, 2005)
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 35
c im FDI
Mc ch tm kim li nhun
Ty l vn ti thiu
Phn chia quyn li va ngha v
Quyn kim sot
Chuyn giao cng ngh
Thu nhp ca chu u t
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 36
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 37
Cu hi 2: Lit k va tho lun cc c
im c bn xc nh FDI. Lm th no
c th xc nh c mi quan tm (li
ch) di hn? Theo quan im ca bn,
c nhng mi quan tm (li ch) no
khc m mt nha u t c th c trong
mt doanh nghip
Cu hi 3: Cho v du v nhng ly do c
th khng p dng ngng s hu c
phn nc ngoi 10% khi xc nh FDI.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 38
2. Mt s khi nim lin quan
FDI flows
FDI stock
Inward
Inflows
Outward
Outflows
Home country
Host country
FDI enterprise
Foreign Direct Investor
Transnational corporations- TNCs
Foreign Affiliates
The threshold equity ownership (muc so huu co phan)
Parent
Subsidiary
Associate
Branch
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 39
Cng ty xuyn quc gia
TNCs l h thng cc doanh nghip
c hoc khng c t cch php
nhn bao gm cc cng ty m (c
tru s ti nc chu u t) va cc
cng ty con nc ngoi ca chng
(t ti nc chu nha).
Ngun: UNCTAD 1999, trang 45-46
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 40
Cu hi 4
a ra v du v cc TNC m bn bit,
u tin cc cng ty ca Vit Nam. Tho
lun theo nhm xc nh nhng c
im chung ca chng.
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 41
Doanh nghip m: l mt doanh nghip kim
sot cc ti sn ca cc chu th khc cc
nc khng phi l nc chu u t, thng
thng bng cch nm gi mt lng vn gp
nht nh.
Cng ty con nc ngoi: l mt doanh
nghip c t cch php nhn hoc khng c
t cch php nhn, trong o mt nha u t,
c tru ti mt nn kinh t khc, s hu mt
mc mc vn gp cho php c c mt mi
quan tm (li ch) di hn trong vic qun ly
cng ty ny (mt mc vn gp 10% i vi
mt doanh nghip c t cch php nhn va
mc tng ng i vi mt doanh nghip
khng c t cch php nhn l ngng
thng c s dng)
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 42
Cng ty m
Cng ty con
50% quyn
biu quyt
Cng ty lin kt
10%-50%
Quyn biu quyt
Cc chi nhnh
-DN khng c TCPN
-Thuc s hu ton
b hoc mt phn
Ngun: WIR 2005, trang 297
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 43
Cu hi 5: Theo bn, c phi tt c
cc TNC u l cc cng ty ln xt v
ti sn va doanh thu? L gii cho cu
tra li ca bn
Cu hi 6: nh ngha mt TNC, nh
ngha cc cng ty m va cc cng ty
con nc ngoi, nh ngha cc dng
chnh ca cng ty con nc ngoi, u
l im khc bit gia chng
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 44
3. o lng dng FDI va FDI ly k
a/ o lng dng FDI
b/ o lng lng FDI ly k
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 45
Thnh phn dng vn FDI
FDI flows
Vn chu s hu
Li nhun ti u t
Tn dng ni b
cng ty
FDI FDI
V V n n chu chu
s s h h u u
L L i i nhu nhu n n
t ti i u u t t
T T n n d dng ng
n n i i b b cty cty
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 46
Ti sao s liu FDI c s chnh lch
gia cc quc gia?
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 47
Hn ch v d liu dng FDI
Thu thp t ngn hng trung ng cho
mc ch cn cn thanh ton, thng
khng tnh ti thu nhp ti u t
Thu thp t cc c quan qun ly u t
hoc xc tin u t, thng ch c d
liu FDI c cp php m khng c
thc hin
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 48
o lng lng FDI ly k
FDI stock
FDI ly k l gia tr tch ly ca cc ti sn l
kt qu ca cc dng vn FDI
FDI ly k bao gm:
Phn ca cng ty m trong vn
D tr ca cng ty con
Phn vay n rng ca cng ty con vi cng ty m
o FDI ly k
Kho st nh ky doanh nghip FDI
Hoc cng cc dng FDI hng nm
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 13
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 49 Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 50
Ngun va phng thc thu thp d
liu FDI
Ngn hng trung ng - bo co ngoi
hi
C quan qun ly hoc xc tin u t
iu tra cng ty
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 51
Cch o lng FDI ti VN
Do MPI cng b
Thng tin v s vn thc hin, lnh vc hot
ng, a im d n, s lng lao ng, khc
C s: bo co nh ki NDTNN thng, na
nm, nm
Gim st hot ng: c quan cp GCNDT
Thnh phn VK: vn gp cc bn + vn vay
Thnh phn vn thc hin: ngoi 3 TP chun,
cn c vn gp va vn ti u t VN, vn vay
bn ngoi
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 52
Cu hi 7: Nhng thnh phn chnh
ca dng FDI l gi?
Cu hi 8: S khc nhau gia FDI vo
va FDI ra l gi? S khc nhau gia dng
FDI va lng FDI ly k l gi
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 14
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 53
4. Phn loi FDI
a. Theo phng thc thm nhp
b. Theo nh hng ca nc nhn u t
c. Theo nhn t b tc ng trong qua trnh
u t
d. Theo ng c u t
e. Theo lut Vit Nam
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 54
a. Theo phng thc thm nhp
u t mi (Greenfield Investment): l hot
ng u t trc tip vo cc c s sn xut
kinh doanh hon ton mi nc ngoi, hoc
m rng mt c s sn xut kinh doanh tn
ti.
Mua li v sp nhp qua bin gii (M&A:
Cross-border Merger and Acquisition): Mua
li v sp nhp qua bin gii l mt hnh thc
FDI lin quan n vic mua li hoc hp nht
vi mt doanh nghip nc ngoi ang hot
ng.
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 55
a. Theo phng thc thm nhp
Sp nhp theo chiu ngang
Sp nhp theo chiu dc
Sp nhp hn hp
C 3 hnh thc M&A:
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 56
Horizontal M&A
M&A theo chiu ngang
Competitor
Competitor
L lin kt gia cc i thu cnh tranh
+ =
=
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 15
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 57
Vertical M&A
M&A theo chiu dc
L Hai dng:
+ Backward: Lin kt gia nha cung
cp va cng ty sn xut
+ Forward: Lin kt gia cng ty sn
xut va nha phn phi
Raw Components Automobile Automobile Automobile
material making assembly wholesale retail
(dealers)
Ustream Downstream
(Thng ngun) (Ha ngun)
+ =
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 58
Conglomerate M&A
Mua li v sp nhp gia cc cng ty khc
ngnh
Mc tiu ca nhng v sp nhp nh vy l
a dng ha, va chng thng thu ht s chu
ca nhng cng ty c lng tin mt ln
= +
+
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 59
Cu hi 9: Mua li khc sp nhp nh th no?
Cu hi 10: Tho lun theo 2 nhm nhng ly do c th khin mt nha u
t a chung hnh thc u t mi hn l mua li va sp nhp va ngc
li.
Cu hi 11: Nu 2 ly do khin M&A l phng thc thm nhp ph bin
hn ca FDI vo cc nc pht trin so vi nc ang pht trin
Cu hi 12: ng vai
Mt TNC chuyn v sn xut hng dt mun u t vo VN. TNC ny
tm cch lm tng nng lc sn xut thng qua vic m mt nha my
ti y; cng ty d nh xut khu mt phn sn lng ca nha my
ny sang thi trng cc nc pht trin. Tm nhng lun im ng
h (nhm 1) va phn i (nhm 2) vic la chn u t mi thay v
M&A, t quan im ca nc chu nha. Tm nhng lun im tng t
t quan im ca TNC (nhm 3 ng h u t mi va nhm 4 ng h
M&A). Cui cng, tho lun v lun im ca cc nhm nh sau: nhm
1 vi nhm 4 va nhm 2 vi nhm 3. Mc ch ca mi nhm l thuyt
phc nhm khc rng u t theo phng thc ca mnh l la chn
c li.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 60
b. Theo nh hng ca nc nhn u t
FDI thay th nhp khu
FDI tng cng xut khu
FDI theo cc nh hng khc ca CP
Back
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 16
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 61
c. Theo nhn t b tc ng trong qua
trnh u t
FDI pht trin (expansionary FDI)
FDI phng ng (defensive FDI)
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 62
d. Theo ng c u t
Nc
ang pht
trin hoc
chuyn i
Cng ty sn xut
sn phm gia
dng
Cng ty mun
p ng nhu cu
thc t
Cng ty cung
ng
Trnh hng ro
thu quan
Dch v, ch to
Thi trng xuyn
bin gii m va
trnh pht trin cao
Chu u, Bc M
Kt hp ngun lc
va thi trng cho sn
phm hoc quy trnh
ring chuyn mn
ha
VD: Nestle Bc Phi
va Trung ng
Mua li hoc
sp nhp
nhm thc y
cc mc tiu
chin lc di
hn
FDI tm kim
ngun lc
FDI tm kim
thi trng
FDI tm kim
hiu qu
FDI tm kim
ti sn
chin lc
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 63
e. Theo lut Vit Nam
Doanh nghip 100% vn TNN
Doanh nghip lin doanh
Hp ng hp tc kinh doanh BCC, hp
ng BOT, BTO, BT.
Mua li v sp nhp
Ngun: iu 21, Lut u t nm 2005
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 64
Doanh nghip 100% vn TNN
L doanh nghip thuc 100% s hu ca Nh u t
nc ngoi, c thnh lp ti Vit Nam.
C t cch php nhn theo php lut Vit Nam, c
thnh lp v hot ng k t ngy cp GCNT
100% mi: gia 100% va 100% hoc nha T nc ngoi
Loi hnh: Cty TNHH, c phn, hp danh, DN t nhn
Vn php nh: Theo quy nh ca lut chuyn ngnh
(ngn hng, TC tn dng, KD l hnh, KD DV gii thiu
vic lm)
C cu t chc: theo iu l doanh nghip
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 17
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 65
Nhn xt
Ngy cng tng
Li ch i vi a phng cn ln hn
so vi lin doanh
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 66
Doanh nghip lin doanh (JVE)
c thnh lp ti Vit Nam trn c s hp
ng lin doanh k gia 2 bn hoc nhiu bn
tin hnh u t, kinh doanh ti Vit Nam
Loi hnh: Cty TNHH 2 tv tr ln, c phn,
hp danh
JVE mi: JVE + NT trong nc/ nh T
nc ngoi
C t cch php nhn theo php lut Vit
Nam, c thnh lp v hot ng k t ngy
cp GCNT

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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 67
Hp ng hp tc kinh doanh BCC
BCC l hnh thc u t c k gia cc nh
u t nhm hp tc kinh doanh phn chia li
nhun, phn chia sn phm m khng thnh
lp php nhn
Ni dung BCC phi c quy nh v quyn li,
trch nhim v phn chia kt qu kinh doanh
cho mi bn hp doanh.
Note: BCC trong lnh vc tm kim, thm d
v khai thc du kh v mt s ti nguyn khc
theo hnh thc H phn chia sn phm thc
hin theo quy nh ca php lut c lin quan
v Lut u t
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 68
Hp ng hp tc kinh doanh BCC
Thc hin hot ng ca BCC
Ban iu phi
Vn phng iu hnh
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 18
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 69
Mua li va sp nhp
Bn nc ngoi
Bn Vit Nam
100%
Bn Lin doanh nc ngoi
Bn Lin doanh Vit Nam
1
2
2
3
4
4
5. Thanh ly doanh nghip FDI
Mua li
Sp nhp Cc doanh nghip c cng chu s hu
12/2007
1 ty USD
1.092 d n
46 v
17 t
-Quan im cha thng nht
-Khun kh php l cn cha r rng
-Th tc cn cha r rng
-Cha c H thng c quan qun l thng nht
-Cn thiu nhiu quy nh
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 70
5. Mt s l thuyt v FDI
Cc l thuyt v FDI tp trung tra li 5W v 1H
1. Who - who is the investor?
Nh u t l ai?
2. What - What kind of investment?
Phng thc u t no?
3. Why - why go abroad?
Ti sao li u t ra nc ngoi?
4. Where - where is the investment made?
u t vo a im no?
5. When - when is the investment made?
Khi no th u t?
6. How - how does the firm go abroad? What mode of entry?
Thm nhp thi trng nc ngoi nh th no?
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 71
5. Mt s l thuyt v FDI
a. Cc hc thuyt v m
b. Cc hc thuyt vi m
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 72
a/ Cc hc thuyt v m
L thuyt v li ch ca u t nc
ngoi Mac Dougall&Kempt
Gi thit:
C 2 quc gia, 1 nc pht trin v 1 nc ang
pht trin
Ch c hot ng u t ca hai quc gia trn,
khng c s tham gia ca nc th 3
Sn lng cn bin ca hot ng u t gim
dn khi vn u t tng
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 19
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 73
L thuyt v li ch ca u t nc
ngoi Mac Dougall&Kempt
N
1
P
0
P
1
P
1
P
2
S
2
S
1
S
0
I
N
2
x
1
x
2
N
c
chu
u
t
Nc
nhn
u
t
Q
1
Q
0
Q
i
Q
2
Nh vy, FDI khng ch lm tng sn lng th gii m cn em li li ch
cho c nc chu u t v nc nhn u t.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 74
b/ Cc hc thuyt vi m
Hc thuyt Li th c quyn
Monopolistic Advantage Theory (Stephen Hymer)
Hc thuyt v ch ph sn xut (Williamson)
Hc thuyt ni b hoa (Internalization - Buckley,
Casson)
L thuyt chit trung
Eclectic Theory (John Dunning)
L thuyt v vng i quc t ca sn phm
International product life cycle - Raymond Vernon
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 75
Hc thuyt Li th c quyn
Monopolistic Advantage Theory - Stephen Hymer
Khi u t ra nc ngoi, chu u t c mt
s bt li
Lm th no mt doanh nghip nc ngoi c
th cnh tranh thnh cng trong mt th trng
khng quen thuc, ni m chc chn doanh
nghip nc ngoi c t li th so snh hn
cc doanh nghip trong nc?
l:
Thng hiu
Kha nng qun l
Li ch kinh t nh quy m
Cng ngh
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 76
C: chi ph trung bnh trn n v sn phm pht sinh do u t nc ngoi.
AC
D
: chi ph sn xut TB ca cng ty nc nhn u t.
AC
F
: tng chi ph khi u t ra nc ngoi (AC
F
=C+AC
D
)
MM: l gia nhp khu sau thu.
b
Nu sn lng nc
chu nha Q < OA: cng ty
s khai thc li th c
quyn sn xut hng
xut khu.
Nu OC >Q > OA: cng
ty s cho thu li th c
quyn.
Nu Q> OC: cng ty s
trc tip khai thc li th
c quyn nc ngoi
(FDI).
C
AC
F
Q O
P
M M
M
M
AC
D
A C
Hc thuyt v ch ph sn xut
Williamson)
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 20
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 77
C: chi ph trung bnh trn n v sn phm pht sinh do u t nc ngoi.
AC
D
: chi ph sn xut TB ca cng ty nc nhn u t.
AC
F
: tng chi ph khi u t ra nc ngoi (AC
F
=C+AC
D
)
MM: l gia nhp khu sau thu.
b
Nu sn lng nc
chu nha Q < OA: cng ty
s khai thc li th c
quyn sn xut hng
xut khu.
Nu OC >Q > OA: cng
ty s cho thu li th c
quyn.
Nu Q> OC: cng ty s
trc tip khai thc li th
c quyn nc ngoi
(FDI).
C
AC
F
Q O
P
M M
M
M
AC
D
A C
Hc thuyt v ch ph sn xut
Williamson)
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 78
Hc thuyt ni b hoa Internalization
Buckley, Casson
Qu trnh ni b ha
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 79
L thuyt chit trung
Eclectic theory John Dunning
Ni ting vi m hnh OLI
O: Li th s hu - Ownership advantage
L: Li th a im - Location-specific
advantage
I: Li th ni b ha - Internalization
incentive
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 80
Eclectic theory
Tra li cc cu hi:
Ti sao nhu cu v mt loi hng ha mt
nc li khng c p ng bi cc doanh
nghip ca chnh nc hoc bi cc
hng ha nhp khu qua con ng thng
mi thng thng?
Gi s mt doanh nghip mun m rng
hot ng, ti sao doanh nghip khng chn
cc cch m rng khc m li chn FDI.
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 21
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 81
Nhn t O
Tr tu/Cng ngh
Li th kinh t nh quy m
Li th c quyn
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 82
Nhn t L
Li th kinh t
Li th X hi/vn ha
Li th chnh tr
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 83
Nhn t I
EXTERNAL <----------------------------> INTERNAL
100%
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 84
Li th ni b ha
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 85
Nhn t I
Cc yu t tc ng n ng c ni b
ha:
Yu km t nhin ca thi trng
Ri ro, phu thuc ln nhau gia cung va cu
Chi ph giao dch cao, thiu thi trng tri thc
Yu km c cu ca thi trng
Cc quy nh tht cht ca chnh phu nc chu
nha
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 86
L thuyt v vng i quc t ca sn phm
International product life cycle - Raymond Vernon
Mi sn phm c mt vng i, xut hin
tng trng mnh chng li - suy gim
tng ng vi qui trnh xm nhp tng
trng bo ha suy gim; vng i ny di
hay ngn tu thuc tng loi sn phm.
Cc nc cng nghip pht trin thng nm
gi nhng cng ngh c quyn do h khng
ch khu nghin cu v trin khai v do c li
th v qui m.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 87
+ Giai on 2: Sn phm chn mui, nhu cu tng, xut khu tng mnh,
cc i thu cnh tranh trong v ngoi nc xut hin, FDI xut hin
I II III
Introductory stage Growth stage Mature stage
t
p
L thuyt v vng i quc t ca sn phm
International product life cycle - Raymond Vernon
+ Giai on 1: Sn phm mi xut hin cn thng tin phn hi nhanh
v c bn trong nc pht minh ra sn phm, xut khu khng ng k.
+ Giai on 3: Sn phm v qui trnh sn xut c tiu chun ha,
thi trng n nh, hng ha tr nn thng dng, cc doanh nghip
chu p lc phi gim chi ph cng nhiu cng tt tng li nhun
hoc gim gia tng nng lc cnh tranh, FDI tip tc pht trin
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 88
Ba giai on pht trin ca sn phm
Imports
Imports
Exports
Exports
production
consumption
United State
Developing
countries
Other advanced
countries
Imports
production
consumption
Exports
production
consumption
Introductory stage Growth stage Mature stage
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 23
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 89
7. Tc ng ca FDI
i vi nc chu u t i vi nc nhn u t


Bnh trng sc mnh v
kinh t v nng cao uy tn
chnh tr trn trng quc
t.
S dng li th ca ni
tip nhn vn gim chi ph,
nng cao hiu qu s dng
vn v ty sut li nhun,
khc phc c tnh trng
tha vn tng i.
M rng thi trng tiu thu
sn phm, khc phc tnh
trng lo ho sn phm.
Tm kim cc ngun cung
cp nguyn, nhin liu n
nh
i mi c cu sn phm,
p dng cng ngh mi,
nng cao nng lc cnh
tranh.
Qun l vn
v cng ngh
S n nh
ca ng tin
Cn cn thanh
ton quc t
Vic lm v
lao ng trong
nc
B sung vn
Chuyn giao cng
ngh
Pht trin ngun NL
Chuyn dch c cu KT
Cn i nn kinh t
Cn i cung cu HH
Cn i cn cn TM
GDP v thu NSNN
M rng th trng XK
Nng cao nng lc CT
Quan h hp tc quc
t
Phu thuc v
kinh t
Cng ngh lc
hu
nhim mi
trng
Trit tiu kha
nng cnh tranh
ca cc DN trong
nc
Li sng, cc
vn x hi
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 90
i vi nc nhn u t l nc
ang pht trin
FDI tc ng ln ngun lc ti chnh
Tng cc dng vn vo cc nc ang pht trin giai on 1990-2006
(ti USD)
Dng vn chnh thc
Tn dng NHTM
Dng T chng khon
Tng cc dng vn
FDI vo
Ngun: UNCTAD, da trn World Bank 2005a.
a c nh ngha nh cc giao dch n rng vi thi hn gc nhiu hn 1 nm
b S dng cc phn loi ca World Bank. Khc so vi cch phn loi ca UNCTAD ch gp cc nc Trung v ng u vo nhm nc ang pht
trin
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 91
Tc ng ln ngun lc ti chnh
FDI
Vn ni b TNC
Vn huy ng trn TTQT
Thu nhp ti u t
Hiu qu vn XH
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 92
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 24
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 93 Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 94
8. Xu th vn ng ca FDI trn th
gii trong nhng nm gn y
Quy m: FDI tng trng mnh trong nhng nm 1990, suy gim trong
giai on 2001-2003 v nay phc hi link
a im: c nhiu thay i
Cc nc chu u t: t tp trung hn
Cc nc chu nha: phn b u hn
Cc nc chu nha ang pht trin: chuyn dch sang Chu
Hnh thc: FDI ch yu c thc hin di hnh thc M&A, hot
ng M&A khng ngng tng ln
Mi quan h: Gia tng cc MQH khng-gp-vn
Lnh vc: Chuyn dch sang lnh vc dch v
Chu u t: Ngoi TNCs, cn c SWF
Quy nh : T do ha FDI din ra mnh m tt c cc cp
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 95
Quy m va a im u t
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 96
a im u t
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 25
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 97
a im u t
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 98
Hnh thc u t
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 99
Lnh vc u t
60s->70s: khai m, ch bin
80s-> 90s: cng nghip ch to
90s n nay : dch v
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 100
Lnh vc u t
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 26
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 101
Chu u t
FDI ra ly k th gii, 1960,%
Hoa K
50%
Php
6%
H Lan
10%
Anh quc
18%
Cc nc pht
trin khc
16%
FDI ra ly k th gii, 2004,%
Hoa K
21%
Nht Bn
4%
Cc nc pht
trin
11%
Cc nc khc
11%
Php
8%
H Lan
6%
Anh quc
14%
Cc nc EU khc
25%
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 102
Chu u t
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 103
T do hoa u t
Xa bo cc ro cn, hn ch i vi FDI
Tiu chun i x tin b i vi FDI
(MFN, NT)
C ch thi trng hot ng t do
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 104
Cp t do hoa
n phng
Song phng (BITs)
a phng
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 27
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 105
Hip nh u t
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 106
Hip nh u t
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 107
9. Thc trng FDI ti Vit Nam
Bai tp th c hnh
Thu thp d liu v FDI ti VN. Chun b mt
bi vit ngn v xu hng FDI di hn ti VN
cng nh v v tr thay i ca VN trn bn
FDI khu vc va ton cu. Bi vit cn tra li
c cc cu hi sau:
1. M ta chung v thi ca VN i vi FDI?
2. Nhng xu hng di hn ca dng va lng FDI vo
ly k?
3. C cu FDI theo ngnh va lnh vc nh th no?
4. Nhng nc chu u t chnh?
5. Vai tro ca FDI VN c tng ln khng? Trong ngnh,
lnh vc no?
6. VN c FDI ra khng? Dng vn va lng vn nh th
no? Vo nc no va ngnh no?
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 108
Xu hng FDI ti Vit Nam giai on
1998-2007 v vn t ra cho Vit
Nam t xu hng FDI th gii
Hnh A.3 C cu FDI theo lnh vc
68%
25%
7%
Cng nghip Dch v Nng lm ng nghip
C cu FDI theo hnh thc u t
C cu FDI theo lnh vc
C cu FDI phn theo i tc u t
Hnh A.4 C cu FDI theo i tc
9%
13%
11%
17%
7%
3%
40%
Hn Quc Singapore i Loan Nht Bn
Hng Kng Hoa K Khc
C cu FDI phn theo a bn:
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 28
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 109
Xu hng FDI vo Vit Nam trong tng quan so snh vi mt s
quc gia chu
Hi nh A.1 FDI ta i Vi t Nam, 1988-2007
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
8
8
-
9
0
9
1
9
2
9
3
9
4
9
5
9
6
9
7
9
8
9
9
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
3
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
6
2
0
0
7
t
r
i

u

U
S
D


0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
V n ng ky V n th c hi n S d a n
Ngun: B K hoch v u t, www.mpi.gov.vn
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 110
Hnh A.2 So snh dng FDI vo ca mt s quc gia chu , 1992-2006
n v: triu USD
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Vit Nam 1586 1700 1484 1289 1430 1200 1450 1610 2021 2315
Thailand 2269 7,491 6,091 3,350 3,813 1,068 1802 5862 5957 9751
Malaysia 5816 2714 3895 3788 554 3203 2474 4624 3965 6060
Hn Quc 1298 5039 9436 8572 3683 2941 2752 8980 7050 4950
Singapore 8295 7690 16067 17217 15038 5730 11409 19828 15004 24207
1992-
1997*
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
* dng FDI bnh qun hng nm
Ngun: UNCTAD, WIR 2000-2007
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 111
Bng A.1 Ch s thc hin FDI vo
[1]
v
Xp hng giai on 1994-2006 ca mt s quc gia chu
1,472
(69)
2,020
(62)
2,134
(45)
1,969
(37)
1,331
(50)
1,134
(56)
1,198
(51)
2,761
(30)
4,667
(16)
Trung Quc
0,409
(123)
0,550
(115)
0,474
(109)
0,314
(120)
0,33
(107)
0,434
(97)
0,587
(91)
0,462
(111)
0,304
(118)
Hn Quc
0,908
(95)
0,699
(106)
0,049
(136)
-
0,324
(139)
-
0,528
(139)
-
0,624
(138)
-
0,570
(137)
1,119
(80)
1,825
(52)
Indonesia
2,075
(52)
2,334
(47)
0,506
(106
0,858
(87)
0,753
(80)
1,058
(59)
1,375
(44)
1,765
(54)
1,021
(78)
Thailand
1,693
(62)
1,755
(64)
1,803
(56)
1,079
(75)
0,902
(70)
0,922
(71)
1,248
(49)
3,428
(18)
5,862
(9)
Malaysia
7,622
(5)
8,228
(6)
6,079
(8)
6,000
(6)
4,755
(6)
5,333
(4)
3,737
(7)
6,493
(6)
10,50
7
(3)
Singapore
1,343
(78)
2,056
(58)
2,004
(50)
1,923
(39)
1,327
(51)
1,307
(44)
1,488
(36)
4,463
(11)
8,177
(6)
Vit Nam
2004-
2006
2003-
2005
2002-
2004
2001-
2003
2000-
2002
1999-
2001
1998-
2000
1996-
1998
1994-
1996
Quc gia
Ngun: UNCTAD, www.unctad.org
[1]
Phng php tnh ch s thc hin FDI (THE INWARD FDI PERFORMANCE INDEX-NID):
GDP
w
/ GDP
i
FDI
w
/ FDI
i
=
IND
i
Trong ,
IND
i
=Ch s thc hin FDI ca nc i
FDI
i
=Lng FDI vo ca nc i
FDI
w
=Lng FDI vo ca th gii
GDP
i
=GDP ca nc i
GDP
w
=GDP th gii
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 112
IV. u t chng khon nc ngoi - FPI
va tn dng t nhn quc t - IPL
1. u t chng khon nc ngoi
Foreign Portfolio Investment FPI v
a/ Khi nim: FPI l hnh thc u t quc t
trong chu u t ca mt nc mua
chng khon ca cc cng ty, cc t chc
pht hnh mt nc khc vi mt mc
khng ch nht nh thu li nhun nhng
khng nm quyn kim sot trc tip i vi
t chc pht hnh chng khon.
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 29
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 113
b/ c im
Chu u t nc ngoi khng nm quyn
kim sot
S lng chng khon c mua c th b
khng ch
Thu nhp ca chu u t
Phm vi u t
Nc tip nhn u t ch nhn c vn
bng tin
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 114
c/ Phn loi
u t tri phiu nc ngoi
u t c phiu nc ngoi
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 115
HI
Hi: So snh hai hnh thc u t c phiu v
tri phiu?
V i tng u t:
V quan h gia chu u t v t chc pht hnh
V thu nhp v t chc pht hnh tra cho nh u
t
Chi ph nh u t bo ra
Thu nhp nh u t c c
FDI v FPI ging v khc nhau nh th no?
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 116
2. Tn dng t nhn quc t
International Private Loans - IPL
a/ Khi nim:
Tn dng quc t l hnh thc u t quc t
trong chu u t mt nc cho i
tng tip nhn u t mt nc khc vay
vn trong mt khong thi gian nht nh va
thu li nhun qua li sut tin cho vay.
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 30
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 117
b/ c im
Quan h gia chu u t v i tng nhn
u t l quan h vay n.
Chu u t trc khi cho vay u nghin
cu tnh kha thi ca d n u t, c yu
cu v bo lnh hoc th chp cc khon
vay gim ri ro;
Vn u t thng di dng tin t;
Chu u t nc ngoi thu li nhun qua li
sut ngn hng theo tha thun gia hai
bn
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 118
c/ Phn loi
IPL thng qua ngn hng
IPL u t tri phiu
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 119
V. H tr pht trin chnh thc
Official Development Assistance (ODA)
1/ Khi nim ca WB
ODA l cc khon vin tr khng hon li,
vin tr c hon li hoc tn dng u i
ca cc Chnh phu, cc t chc lin chnh
phu, cc t chc phi chnh phu (NGO), cc
t chc thuc h thng Lin hp quc (UN),
cc t chc ti chnh quc t dnh cho cc
nc ang v chm pht trin.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 120
Khi nim ca DAC
ODA l nhng lung ti chnh chuyn ti cc
nc ang pht trin v ti nhng t chc a
phng chuyn ti cc nc ang pht
trin m:
c cung cp bi cc t chc chnh ph (trung
ng v a phng) hoc bi c quan iu hnh
ca cc t chc ny;
c mc tiu chnh l thc y tng trng kinh t v
phc li ca cc nc ang pht trin;
mang tnh cht u i v c yu t khng hon li
25% (c tnh vi t sut chit khu 10%)
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 121
2/ c im
V cc nh ti tr (Donors):
Chnh phu cc nc
T chc lin chnh phu: EC, OECD
T chc thuc Lin hp quc UNCTAD, UNDP, UNIDO,
UNICEF, WFP, UNESCO, WHO
T chc ti chnh quc t: IMF, WB, WTO
Cc t chc phi chnh phu (NGO)
Mi chnh phu s c cc c quan ring qun l
vic cp ODA: SIDA, AusAID, JICA, USAID, IAE,
CIDA
i tng nhn vin tr (Aid recipients): L chnh
phu cc nc ang v km pht trin.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 122
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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n
t
Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 123
2/ c im (tip)
ODA mang tnh u i.
Vn ODA thng km theo iu kin
GDP thp
S dng ODA ph hp vi mc tiu cp vn ca nh ti
tr
ODA mang tnh rng buc:
22% vin tr ca DAC phi c s dng mua hng
ha v dch v ca cc quc gia vin tr.
ODA lun cha ng c tnh u i cho nc tip
nhn v li ch ca nc vin tr.
thc y tng trng bn vng v gim ngho
nhng nc ang pht trin
tng cng v th chnh tr ca cc nc ti tr
ODA l ngun vn c kha nng gy n.
% 100 x
MG
PV MG
GE
vay
thanhtoan vay

=
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 124
3/ Cc dng vn chnh thc khc
Other Official Flows (OOFs)
L nhng giao dch thuc khu vc chnh thc
nhng khng tha mn nhng tiu ch ca
ODA/OA
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 32
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 125
Chu
T
FDI
Nc chu u t
Nc nhn
u t
Mi trng quc t
6.Cc nhn t nh hng n FDI
Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 126
6.Cc nhn t nh hng n FDI
Chu u t Nc chu u t Nc nhn u t Mi trng
quc t
Li th c
quyn ring
Li th
ni b ha
Cc bin
php khuyn
khch FDI
Cc bin php
hn ch FDI
Hnh lang
php l v FDI
Cc nhn t kinh t
Cc yu t
to thun li
cho kinh doanh
Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 127
a/ Cc nhn t lin quan n chu u t
Li th c quyn ring Li th ni b ha
Li th
c quyn
Li th
cty bn a
Cty nc chu nha
Cty bn a
Cung cp u vo
hoc u ra
Cha ni b ha
Cty nc chu nha
Nc chu nha Nc nhn u t
Cng ty con
Giao dch ni b
Ni b ha
Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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t
Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 128
b/ Cc nhn t lin quan n nc chu u t
Khuyn khch Hn ch
Hip nh u t
Bo him
u i thu
v ti chnh
Khuyn khch
chuyn giao
cng ngh
Hn ch chuyn vn
Hn ch bng thu
Hn ch tip cn
thi trng
Cm u t
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 33
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 129
III. Cc nhn t to thun li cho KD
Xc tin u t
Cc u i u t
Cc chi ph do phin nhiu hoc quan liu
Tin nghi x hi
C s h tng va cc dch v h tr tt
Vn xa hi, thi i vi cng vic
II. Cc nhn t kinh t (theo ng c
FDI)
I. Khung chnh sch v FDI
n nh chnh tr, kinh t, x hi
Quy nh v thm nhp v hot ng
Tiu chun i x vi nhng cng ty
con nc ngoi
Chnh sch v chc nng v c cu thi
trng (c bit v chnh sch cnh
tranh v M&A)
Cc tha thun thng mi va FDI quc
t
Chnh sch t nhn ha
Chnh sch thng mi va s lin kt
gia chnh sch thng mi va FDI
Chnh sch thu
nh hng hiu qu/chi ph
Chi ph ngun nguyn liu/ti sn +
nng sut lao ng
Cc chi ph u vo khc (VD: vn
ti, vin thng, cc sn phm trung
gian)
Cc tha thun hi nhp K vc
nh hng ngun nguyn liu/ti
sn
S sn c va chi ph NVL
S sn c va chi ph lao ng
Cng ngh, sng ch v cc ti sn
sng to khc
C s h tng
nh hng thi trng
Quy m TT va thu nhp BQ
Tng trng thi trng
Kha nng tip cn thi trng khu vc
v th gii
C cu thi trng
Thi hiu ca ngi tiu dng
M

i
t
r

n
g

u
t

nh hng ti sn chin lc
M&A qua bin gii
S sn c ca cc ti sn ring ca
cng ty: nng lc cng ngh, i
mi va Mar, thng hiu
Mua sc mnh thi trng hoc cc
thi trng mi, phn tn ri ro, gim
chi ph giao dch
c
/

C

c
n
h

n
t


l
i

n
q
u
a
n

n
n

c
n
h

u
t

Phan Thi Vn 2009


F
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 130
c1. Cc ng c ca FDI
va cc nhn t kinh t
Sahara chu Phi
c
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Lin bang Nga
Qun o Caribe
TK19
Chu u t
Chu u, M, Nht
Cc ngun lc t nhin
CTTG II: 60%
Khong sn
Sn phm c bn
Du lch
Nguyn nhn cho vic gim st tm quan trng tng i ca cc ngun lc t nhin?
C bn
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 131
FDI tm kim thi trng
Nhng nhn t chu yu no quyt nh FDI nh
hng thi trng? Tho lun theo nhm cc
nguyn nhn va iu kin theo o cc nhn t
ny tc ng n cc quyt nh u t
Ngnh ch to
Trnh hng ro thu quan
Nc pht trin
Gia hai cuc CTTG
1960, 1970
Nc ang pht trin
Thay th nhp khu
FDI Nht vo M
1980
Ngnh dch v
Hng ha trung gian
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 132
FDI tm kim hiu qu
Chuyn mn ha sn xut
Hi nhp t chu: a thi trng ni a
Chin lc va c cu ca cc TNC
Cng ty m
Nc chu u t
Cng ty con
Nha thu phu
Nha cung cp
Nc chu nha
Nc chu nha Nc chu u t
Cng ty m
Nha thu phu
Nc th ba
Hi nhp n gin: Outsourcing
Cng ngh, vn, nguyn vt liu
Nhp khu
Cng ty con
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 34
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 133
Chin lc va c cu ca cc TNC
FDI tm kim hiu qu
Cng ty m
Nc chu u t
Cng ty con
Cng ty con
Nc chu nha
Nc chu nha
Thi trng
Nc th ba
C th l
tt c cc
chc nng
Hi nhp phc hp
Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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v
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t
Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 134
FDI tm kim hiu qu
Ngun nhn lc cha
qua o to gia r
Cc ti sn sng to
Tnh kinh t ca s tch tu
FDI sn xut
sn phm/bn thnh phm
c hm lng lao ng cao
Hi nhp gin n
Hi nhp phc hp
Cm cng nghip Bnh ng
Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 135
c im c bn ca chin lc hi nhp n gin va hi nhp phc hp
l gi? Nhng nhn t chu yu no ca nc chu nha phu hp vi FDI theo
mi chin lc?
Cho v du v cc nhn t quyt nh i vi FDI nh hng hiu qu? Tho
lun theo nhm cc nhn t ny c th lin quan n cc nhn t kinh t
khc ca nc chu nha nh th no?
Gii thch khi nim ti sn sng to va cho v du. Gii thch ti sao cc
ti sn sng to c th to ra li th a im quan trng cho mt nc
chu nha? Tho lun quan im ca bn theo nhm.
Cu hi
Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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t
Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 136
Cc ti sn chin lc
Duy tr hoc cng c v th cnh tranh
B sung cc li th
Nhng nhm nhn t kinh t quyt nh FDI ca nc chu nha l gi? Tm
quan trng tng i ca chng c nh gia qua cc kha cnh chu yu
no? Tho lun theo nhm.
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 35
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 137
ng c tin hnh FDI
HONDA VIETNAM
BIA NG NAM SEAB
Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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n

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n
v
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t
Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 138
+ +
=
Lin doanh
22/3/1996
Gii thiu
Bi cnh ngnh
Hin nay
2002
6.095.000
4.775.000
Nha u t
1948
2001
434 cty con
118 c s SX
31 QG
114.300 L
45.742 triu USD
52.170 triu USD
1.874 trUSD
2.847 trUSD R&D
1964
Asean
Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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v
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t
Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 139
ng c thm nhp VN
Quy m thi trng Bo h thi trng
60%
u i ca CP
Min thu
Gim thu
4 nm
ng c la chn i tc VN
30% vn gp
1995
Gia tr quyn s dng t
V tr chnh tr
Hot ng ca cng ty
1996 2005 2007
Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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n
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t
Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 140
+ =
Cng ty bia ng Nam
1993
Vn, cng ngh,
My mc,
o to nhn vin,
B quyt sn xut,
B quyt marketing,
Qun tr thng hiu
Gii thiu
1847
1966
ng c thm nhp
Dn s tre, quy m 70 triu
Mc tiu thu thp
Vn ha khng c hn ch
C s sn xut lc hu
Min Nam a c Cty bia C. TBD
(IFU 25%)
Gia tr quyn s
dng t
Cc nha xng
my mc sn c
Mng phn phi
Quan h chnh tr
1998: c li
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 36
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 141
c2/ Khung chnh sch quc gia
Chnh sch FDI vng trong
(Nng ct)
FDI
Quy nh v
thm nhp
v hot ng
Chnh sch FDI vng ngoi
(Tc ng gin tip n FDI)
Tiu chun
i x vi
nha TNN
Vic bo h
cc nha
TNN
Chnh sch v
chc nng v
c cu thi
trng
Cc chnh sch tc ng
ln n nh kinh t, chnh
tr va xa hi
- Chnh sch tin t
- Chnh sch ti kha
- Chnh sch ty gia hi oi
Chnh sch thu
- Thin ng thu quan
- u i thu
- Thu doanh nghip va c nhn
Chnh sch thng mi
- Thay th nhp khu hay
hng v xut khu
- Thnh vin ca cc chng
trnh hi nhp khu vc
Chnh sch t nhn ha
- C th l mt nhn t quyt
nh quan trng i vi dng FDI
vo
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 142
T do ha chnh sch FDI
Bp mo thi trng
Nhng hn ch
Thm nhp va
thnh lp
S hu va qun ly
Hn ch hot ng
y quyn va bo
co
Nhng u i
u i thu
u i ti
chnh
u i khc
Tiu chun i x tch cc
NT, MFN
Gii quyt
tranh chp u
t bi trng ti
quc t
i x cng
bng va bnh
ng
Chuyn li
nhun v nc
Tnh minh bch
ro rng
Gim st thi trng
Chnh sch cnh tranh (bao gm M&A)
Quy nh v c quyn
Gim st thn trng
Tit l thng tin
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 143
Chnh sch t nhn ha
Cho php nha TNN mua li DN nha nc
Hp dn cc nha
TNN nh tng
cnh tranh
Chnh sch thu
Thp hoc cao so vi nc khc
Cc chnh sch v m
S n nh kinh t
Ty l lm pht
Tnh trng cn cn thanh ton
Thu chi ngn sch
nh hng n:
u t, li sut,
chi ph vn
Cc chnh sch t chc v m
C cu ngnh sn xut
C cu a bn
C cu chc nng ca cc
hot ng
C cu s hu
Mc cnh tranh
Nhng chnh sch v vn hnh theo chc nng ca thi
trng cc yu t u vo
Nhng chnh sch tc ng n ngun cung cp va cht
lng ca cc ngun nhn lc
Ti chnh cng???
Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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t
Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 144
Cu hi
Cc dng chnh sch kinh t v m va t
chc v m chnh c th tc ng n
FDI l gi? Tho lun cc v du ti VN.
Tho lun vai tro ca cc chnh sch
thng mi trong thu ht FDI
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 37
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 145
c2/ Khung chnh sch quc t
Cc hip nh u t
song phng (BITs)
Mc ch: Bo h cc
nha u t t mt nc
thnh vin hip nh khi
hot ng ti nc
thnh vin cn li
2004: ~2300 H
BITs nh hng n
khung chnh sch QG
Tc ng nht nh n
FDI
Duy tr FDI
B tr cho cc nhn t
khc thuc mi trng
kinh t
Cc tha thun u t va thng mi quc t
Cp khu vc, a bin va a phng
Tc ng ti c 3 nhm nhn t kinh t
Mc tc ng phu thuc: phm vi va su ca hi
nhp KT, mc tin cy ca tha thun (thc hin thc
t), mc phu thuc ln nhau ca cc nc thnh
vin va lin kt a c thit lp gia chng.
Tha thun thng mi -> thng mi
->Phn ng chin lc ca NT vi i thu cnh tranh
->Tng trng kinh t
-> FDI
Tha thun u t (FDI) ->T do va hi ha ha
khung chnh sch FDI QG -> FDI
tin cy ca mt tha thun nh hng ln ti cc
nhn t quyt nh FDI
Mc phu thuc ln nhau gia cc quc gia trc
khi tham gia tha thun -> cc nhn t quyt nh FDI
Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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n
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 146
Nc C
Bo h u t
BITs
Nc A
Nc B

n
h
h

n
g
Khung chnh sch quc gia
Duy tr FDI
B

tr

Cc yu t kinh t
Cc bin php to thun
li cho kinh doanh
Khng bo h u t
Cc hip nh u t song phng
Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 147
FDI
Tha thun
u t
Tha thun
thng mi
Phm vi
Mc tin cy
Mc phu thuc
ln nhau ca cc
nc TV
khu vc
a bin
a phng
Thng
mi
Phn ng
chin lc
ca NT
vi i thu
cnh tranh
Tng
trng
kinh t
T do va
hi ha ha
khung CS
FDI QG
Cc
nhn t
quyt
nh FDI
Cc tha thun u t va thng mi
quc t
Tho lun tc ng ca khung chnh sch quc t n FDI
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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t
Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 148
c3/ Cc yu t to thun li cho kinh
doanh
Xc tin u t
u i u t
Cc bin php khc
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 38
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 149
Cc hot ng xc tin FDI
Giai on 1
T do ha
chnh sch
FDI
Giai on 2
Marketing quc gia
Thnh lp IPA
Giai on 3
nh hng nha TNN
Marketing cc khu vc ca
QG
Kt ni li th a im va
nhu cu T
TNC khng c u thng tin
TNC s ri ro
Gii quyt vn
Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 150
Chc nng xc tin FDI
To lp hnh nh nh hng va
to lp u t
Cc dch v to iu
kin cho u t
T vn
Thc y qu trnh ph duyt
H tr xin giy php
Cc dch v hu u t
T vn chnh sch
Thnh lp
u t
Vn hnh
hot ng
Kt thc
u t
Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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t
Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 151
u i u t
Mc ch
nh hng a im
nh hng hnh vi
Cc dng u i
u i ti chnh
u i ti kha
C s h tng
Dch v
u i v thi trng
Nhng b v chnh sch
u i c bu p bi:
Cc yu cu v hot ng
Nhng im km hiu qu
ca MT Kinh doanh
Cc iu kin to thun li cho kinh doanh khc
Gim cc chi ph phin nhiu
Ci thin cht lng cuc sng
L cc li th kinh t c th o lng c cc chnh phu (quc gia, khu vc va a phng) dnh
cho mt s cc cng ty hoc mt s loi hnh cng ty nht nh khuyn khch cc cng ty ny
hot ng theo cch thc nht nh.
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 152
Cu hi
K tn t nht 3 hot ng xc tin u t c
th tc ng n quyt nh u t
nh ngha cc bin php u i va trnh by
cc mc ch chnh ca chng. C nhng loi
u i chu yu no? Cho v du tng loi.
Gii thch cc chi ph do phin nhiu c ngha
l gi va tc ng c th ca chng n cc
nha u t.
Tho lun cc bin php xc tin va u i i
vi FDI. So snh chng vi tc ng ca cc
nhn t quyt nh u t khc ca nc chu
nha
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 39
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 153
V du
Phi on u t
FDI
Yu t kinh t
Khung chnh sch
Bin php
to iu
kin cho
KD
Cn..
Cn..
va u
Hi
So snh tc ng ca cc bin php to iu kin cho kinh
doanh va cc yu t khc ca mi trng u t
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 154
Mi trng u t ca Vit Nam?
Tip cn tn dng?
Tip cn t ai?
Ky nng va trnh ca lao ng?
H tng c s giao thng?
H thng php ly?
Th tc hnh chnh?
Tham nhng?
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 155 Phan Thi Vn 2009
F
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t
Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 156
III. Cc nhn t to thun li cho KD
Xc tin u t
Cc u i u t
Cc chi ph do phin nhiu hoc quan liu
Tin nghi x hi
C s h tng va cc dch v h tr tt
Vn xa hi, thi i vi cng vic
II. Cc nhn t kinh t (theo ng c
FDI)
I. Khung chnh sch v FDI
n nh chnh tr, kinh t, x hi
Quy nh v thm nhp v hot ng
Tiu chun i x vi nhng cng ty
con nc ngoi
Chnh sch v chc nng v c cu thi
trng (c bit v chnh sch cnh
tranh v M&A)
Cc tha thun thng mi va FDI quc
t
Chnh sch t nhn ha
Chnh sch thng mi va s lin kt
gia chnh sch thng mi va FDI
Chnh sch thu
nh hng hiu qu/chi ph
Chi ph ngun nguyn liu/ti sn +
nng sut lao ng
Cc chi ph u vo khc (VD: vn
ti, vin thng, cc sn phm trung
gian)
Cc tha thun hi nhp K vc
nh hng ngun nguyn liu/ti
sn
S sn c va chi ph NVL
S sn c va chi ph lao ng
Cng ngh, sng ch v cc ti sn
sng to khc
C s h tng
nh hng thi trng
Quy m TT va thu nhp BQ
Tng trng thi trng
Kha nng tip cn thi trng khu vc
v th gii
C cu thi trng
Thi hiu ca ngi tiu dng
M

i
t
r

n
g

u
t

nh hng ti sn chin lc
M&A qua bin gii
S sn c ca cc ti sn ring ca
cng ty: nng lc cng ngh, i
mi va Mar, thng hiu
Mua sc mnh thi trng hoc cc
thi trng mi, phn tn ri ro, gim
chi ph giao dch
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 157
I. Khung php l cho FDI
1. Mc n nh chnh tr x hi
Mc n nh chnh tr ca mt s quc gia chu , nm 2002
61 75 60 60 Mc n nh chnh tr
Thi lan Singapore Malaysia Vit Nam
Quc gia
Ngun:UNCTAD, FDI Compass,http://compass.unctad.org
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 158
Ngun: Bo co iu tra cc nc ca t chc JETRO thng 5/2005, www.jetro.org
2. Cc quy nh quc gia v FDI
Ma trn nh gi v cc quy nh php l v u t ca mt s quc gia chu , nm2004
4 2 3 1 Xp hng
555 605 570 680 Tng im
70 70 70 100 Qun l ngoi hi
75 70 100 100 Huy ng vn ti ch
90 70 60 90 Thu thu nhp doanh nghip
70 75 80 80 Hnh thc khuyn khch u t
70 80 80 90 Quy nh v vn u t
70 90 80 50 Quy nh t ai
70 60 60 90 T l gp vn
40 90 40 80 Lnh vc hn ch v cm u t
Vit Nam Malaysia Thi lan Singapore Ch tiu nh gi
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 159
So snh tnh hiu qu ca cc ch tiu v khung php l FDI ca mt s quc gia chu , nm 2004
2. Cc quy nh quc gia v FDI
78 81 87 66 Quy nh bo v nh u t v
chm dt hot ng
73 57 42 47 Quy nh hot ng
96 50 51 72 Quy nh tham gia
Singapore Thi lan Malaysia Vit Nam Ch tiu
Ngun: UNCTAD, FDI Scoreboard, www.compass.unctad.org
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 160
2. Cc quy nh quc gia v FDI
So snh mc ng b ca khung php l v mc tin cy vo h thng to n
50,88 0,00 89,94 N ngn hn khng c gii quyt (%)
19,55 6,42 Thi gian gii quyt mt tranh chp (tun)
76,87 74,22 59,19 Mc tin cy vo to n (%)
5,83 1,29 3,98 Thi gian gii quyt cc yu cu php l ca chnh
ph (%)
Vit Nam
(2005)
Thi lan
(2004)
Indonesia
(2003)
Ch tiu
Ngun: World Bank,Enterprise Survey, www.worldbank.org
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 161
II. Cc yu t kinh t
1. Quy m v tng trng th trng
Mt s ch tiu quyt nh dung lng th trng ca mt s quc gia chu , 2006
3373,3 723,9 60965,2 1.3 84222 Vitnam
32379,6 29499,6 132273,4 3.3 4484 Singapore
9163,5 3167,8 206645,1 0.7 65233 Thi Lan
5880,4 156924,2 2.1 26686 Malaysia
4321,3 1640,4 364258,8 1.3 222051 Indonesia
GNI/ngi
PPP(USD)
GNI/ngi
(USD)
GDP
(triu USD)
Tc tng
dn s(%)
Dn s
(nghn ngi)
Quc gia
Ngun:Asean statistics, ch s c bn - www.asean.sec
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 162
Quy m v m ca th trng mt s quc gia chu
1. Quy m v tng trng th trng
3,82 5,07 12,8 3,03 2,97 T l FDI/GDP(2005)(%)
2360,0 10756,1 24055,4 6059,7 5556,2 FDI 2006
2020,8 8957,0 15001,9 3964,8 8336,0 FDI 2005
2.2.u t(triu USD)
40236,6 127108,8 238482,0 128316,1 61065,5 Nhp khu
37033,7 121579,5 271607,9 157226,9 100798,6 Xut khu
77270,5 248688,3 510089,9 285543,0 161864,1 2.1.Tngthng mi
(triuUSD)2006
2. m ca nn kinh t
10,4 6,5-6,75 5,3 6,2 16,2 Li xut(%)min
15,915 41.1 1.7 3.78 9,830 T gi hi oi
theo ng tin quc gia/USD
7,7 4,5 0,4 3,1 10,5 T l lm pht(%)
635 2726 26821 5001 1275 GDP/ngi(USD)
52809 176559 116711 130654 280265 GDP gi hin ti(triu USD)
8,5 4,5 6,4 5,2 5,6 Tc tng trng kinh t(%)
1.Quy m v tng trng
GDP(2005)
Vit Nam Thi Lan Singapore Malaysia Indonesia Ch s
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 163
2. Cc ngun lc
a. Ngun lc t nhin
Mc sn c cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin ca mt s quc gia chu
1 1 1 Singapore
19 3 1 Malaysia
3 31 1 Vit Nam
16 53 1 Thi Lan
D tr nng lng Sn phm nng nghip Ngun khong sn Quc gia
Ngun: UNCTAD, FDI Compass, http://compass.unctad.org
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 164
b. Ngun nhn lc
Cht lng ngun nhn lc
Ch s pht trin con ngi ca mt s nc chu , 2005
0,704 0,778 0,907 0,796 0,697 Ch s pht trin con
ngi
Vit Nam Thi
Lan
Singapor
e
Malaysia Indonesi
a
Ngun: Asean Statistical book 2006, www.asean.sec
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 165
Chi s v con ng i cu a m t s qu c gia Chu A cu a A.T.
Kearney, nm 2004
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Gia o du c 0.11 0.17 0.11 0.12 0.15
Ngn ng 0.07 0.14 0.25 0.14 0 0.04
M c s du ng 0.21 0.27 0.33 0.19 0.14 0.08
Quy m va m c s n co 0.6 0.02 0 0.08 0.06 0.04
Kinh nghi moutsourcing 0.48 0.19 0.61 0.42 0.25 0.04
Trung Qu c Malaysia Singapore Philippines Thailand Vi t Nam
Ngun: A.T. Kearneys 2004 Location Attractiveness Index: Making
Offshore Decisions, www.atkearney.com
Cht lng ngun nhn lc
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 166
Chi ph cho ngun nhn lc
Cc yu t lin quan n chi ph lao ng mt s thnh ph ln trong khu vc
chu , nm 2006
17 .. 4 Tp.HCM
(Vit Nam)
17 .. 4 H Ni
(Vit Nam)
5 .. 9 Jakarta
(Indonesia)
12 6 Kuala Lumpur
(Malaysia)
5 6 10,5 Bangkok
(Thi Lan)
13 4,5 Singapore
(Singapore)
Gnh nng vi x hi
ca ch doanh nghip
(%)
Tc tng lng
danh ngha (%)*
Mc lng ti thiu
(Yokohama=100)
Thnh ph
Ngun: JETRO, The 17th Survey of Investment-Related Cost
Comparision in Major Cities and Regions in Asia, March 2007,
www.jetro.org Lu : *S liu nm 2005
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 167
Chi ph cho ngun nhn lc
Chi ph tin lng theo thng ti mt s thnh ph
ln chu , nm 2006 (Yokohama, Nht Bn=100)
26 10 6 Tp.HCM (Vit Nam)
16 9 5 H Ni (Vit Nam)
12 8 6 Jakarta (Indonesia)
36 21 7 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)
15 10 5 Bangkok (Thi Lan)
66 47 21 Singapore (Singapore)
Trng phng K s bc trung Cng nhn Thnh ph
Ngun: JETRO, The 17th Survey of Investment-Related Cost
Comparision in Major Cities and Regions in Asia, March
2007, www.jetro.org
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 168
Kh nng tip cn ngun nhn lc
Chi ph tuyn dng v sa thi nhn cng ti mt s quc gia chu , nm 2007
17 6 13 15 10 Chi ph tuyn dng (%lng)
87 54 4 75 108 Chi ph sa thi (tun lng)
27 18 0 10 44 Mc c nh ca vic s dng lao
ng
40 0 0 30 60 Kh khn trong sa thi
40 20 0 0 0 Mc c nh ca s gi lm vic
0 33 0 0 72 Kh khn trong tuyn dng
Vit
Nam
Thi
Lan
Singapore Malaysia Indonesia Ch tiu
Ngun: Worldbank,Doing Business 2008, www.worldbank.org
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 169
3. C s h tng
a. Cht lng c s h tng
C s h tng ca mt s nc chu , nm 2004
18,5 77,6 539,7 273,1 19,1 S thu bao internet/1000dn*
1,27 6 62,2* 19,16 1,36 S my tnh c nhn/100dn
55 26* 910 559 55* S in thoi di ng/1000 dn
66 105* 439 172 37* S in thoi c nh/1000dn
2600 4044 1279 1949 6164 ng st (km)
15571 51544 3188 77695 370516 ng b (km)
Vit Nam Thi
Lan
Singapo
re
Malaysi
a
Indonesi
a Ch tiu
Ngun:Asean statistical pocketbook 2006, www.asean.sec v Unstats Millennium Indicators, mdgs.un.org
Lu : * s liu nm 2002
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 170
Xp hng ch s ICT ca mt s quc gia chu , nm 2004
0,5000 0,4749 0,0259 0,2528 Indonesia 100
0,2500 0,4846 0,0215 0,2531 Vit Nam 99
0,6250 0,5078 0,1020 0,3049 Thi lan 65
0,6250 0,6153 0,1930 0,4042 Malaysia 41
1,0000 0,7640 0,5619 0,6630 Singapore 9
Chnh sch Kh nng tip
cn
Tnh kt ni Mc ph bin Quc gia
Xp hng
Ngun: UNCTAD (2005), The Digital Divide: The ICT Development Indices 2004, www.unctad.org
a. Cht lng c s h tng
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 171
b. Chi ph cho c s h tng
Chi ph thu t, vn phng
Mc gi thu vn phng v thu nh ti mt s thnh ph ln ca chu , 2006
2500 36 Tp.HCM (Vit Nam)
3250 45 H Ni (Vit Nam)
2000 25 Jakarta (Indonesia)
1100 13 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)
1800 14 Bangkok (Thi Lan)
2900 53 Singapore (Singapore)
Nh cho ngi nc ngoi thu
(USD/thng)
Vn phng
(USD/m2/thng) Thnh ph
Ngun: JETRO, The 17
th
Survey of Investment-Related Cost Comparision in Major Cities
and Regions in Asia, March 2007, www.jetro.org
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 172
Chi ph vn ti
So snh cc ph vn chuyn container t mt s cng chu ti cng Yokohama,
Nht Bn, nm 2006 (container 40 feet)
750 Tp.HCM (Vit Nam)
1100 H Ni (Vit Nam)
1200 Jakarta (Indonesia)
700 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)
1250 Bangkok (Thi Lan)
850 Singapore (Singapore)
Gi cc (USD) Thnh ph
Ngun: JETRO, The 17
th
Survey of Investment-Related Cost Comparision in
Major Cities and Regions in Asia, March 2007, www.jetro.org
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 173
Chi ph cho cc tin ch cng cng
Bng A.16 Gi xng v gi du Diesel ti mt s thnh ph ln trong khu vc chu ,
nm 2006
0,53 0,65 Tp.HCM (Vit Nam)
0,53 0,65 H Ni (Vit Nam)
0,48 0,48 Jakarta (Indonesia)
0,43 0,55 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)
0,65 0,7 Bangkok (Thi Lan)
0,85 1,05 Singapore (Singapore)
Gi du Diesel
(USD/lit)
Gi xng thng
thng
(USD/lit)
Thnh ph
Ngun: JETRO, The 17
th
Survey of Investment-Related Cost Comparision in Major Cities
and Regions in Asia, March 2007, www.jetro.org
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 174
Chi ph vin thng
Chi ph vin thng ti mt s thnh ph ln trong khu vc chu , 2006
4 1,8 1,8 Tp.HCM
(Vit Nam)
4 1,8 1,8 H Ni
(Vit Nam)
6 1,8 6,5 Jakarta (Indonesia)
8 1,5 9 Kuala Lumpur
(Malaysia)
27,5 1,7 2,28 Bangkok
(Thi Lan)
18 1,1 8 Singapore
(Singapore)
Cc thu bao in
thoi di ng
(USD/thng)
Cc in thoi quc t
(gi ti Nht Bn trong 3
pht)
Cc thu bao
in thoi c nh
(USD/thng)
Thnh ph
Ngun: JETRO, The 17
th
Survey of Investment-Related Cost Comparision in Major Cities
and Regions in Asia, March 2007, www.jetro.org
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 175
III. Cc bin php h tr kinh doanh
1. Tnh minh bch v mc trong sch ca mi trng kinh doanh
Bng A.19 Ch s v tham nhng ti mt s quc gia chu , nm 2006
8 2,4-2,9 2,6 111 Vit Nam
9 3,2-3,9 3,6 63 Thi Lan
9 9,2-9,5 9,4 5 Singapor
e
9 4,5-5,5 5,0 44 Malaysia
10 2,2-2,6 2,4 130 Indonesi
a
S lng cc bn iu tra
c dng
Mc tin
cy
im s Xp
hng
Quc gia
Ngun: Transparency International, www.transparency.org
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 176
Bng A.20 Mc bo h u t ca mt s quc gia chu , nm 2007
2,7 6,0 9,3 8,7 5,7 Ch s bo h nh u t
2 6 9 7 3 Ch s dng cc c ng c
th kin
0 2 9 9 5 Mc trch nhim ca gim c
6 10 10 10 9 Mc cng khai thng tin
Vit
Nam
Thi
Lan
Singapore Malaysia Indonesia Ch tiu
Ngun: World Bank, Doing business 2008, www.worldbank.org
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 177
2. u i u t
Bng A.21 Thu thu nhp doanh nghip ti mt s quc gia trong khu vc chu
, nm 2006
28 30 20 26 30 Thu thu nhp doanh nghip
(%)
Vit Nam Thi
lan
Singapore Malaysia Indonesia
Ngun: JETRO, The 17
th
Survey of Investment-Related Cost Comparision in Major Cities
and Regions in Asia, March 2007, www.jetro.org
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 178
Bng A.22 Mc chi ph cho ng thu ti mt s quc gia chu , nm 2007
26,6 19,1 28,6 6,3 41,1 Tng thu
(% li nhun gp)
266 166 264 49 1050 Thi gian (gi)
51 35 35 5 32 S thanh ton (ln)
Indonesia Malaysia Thi
Lan
Singapore Vit Nam
Ngun: World Bank, Doing business 2008, www.worldbank.org
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 179
IV. TNG HP
Bng A.23 Xp hng mi trng kinh doanh ca mt s quc gia chu , nm 2007
18 15 7 5 1 Gii th doanh nghip
20 6 10 4 2 Thc thi hp ng
6 12 3 10 1 Thng mi quc t
20 23 11 17 1 ng thu
10 21 3 6 1 Bo v nh u t
8 5 2 4 3 Vay vn tn dng
18 7 12 4 1 ng k ti sn
24 19 12 14 1 Tuyn dng v sa thi lao ng
17 13 19 4 2 Cp giy php
24 16 11 5 1 Thnh lp doanh nghip
20 18 4 3 1 Mc d dng trong kinh doanh
Indonesia Vit
Nam
Malaysia Thi
Lan
Singapore
Ch tiu
Ngun: World Bank, Doing business 2008, www.worldbank.org
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 180
Bng A.24 Xp hng mi trng u t ca mt s quc gia chu , nm 2004
78 81 87 66 Mc bo h v chm dt
hot ng
73 57 42 47 Vic hot ng
96 50 51 72 Vic gia nhp
5.Khung php l
85 60 63 46 iu hnh
82 84 81 57 Thc hin nn kinh t v m
4.iu hnh v thc hin nn
kinh t v m
56 71 60 62 Chi ph kinh doanh
1 77 52 91 Chi ph lao ng
3.Cc chi ph hot ng
73 54 60 30 Thng tin c bn
97 27 54 7 ICT
2.C s h tng
28 33 22 23 Quy m th trng
1 23 8 12 S sn c ca nguyn vt liu
u vo
78 68 64 48 Ngun nhn lc
1.Cc ti sn ngun lc
Singapore Thi Lan Malaysia Vit Nam Ch tiu
UNCTAD, FDI Scoreboard, www.compass.unctad.org
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 181
d/ Cc nhn t ca mi trng quc t
Cc yu t thuc mi trng kinh t,
chnh tr, x hi ton cu
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 182
Bi tp thc hnh
Xem Cc kha cnh kinh t va php ly
ca FDI p.121-126
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 183 Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 184
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 185
CHNG II
D N U T
TRC TIP NC NGOI
Foreign Direct Investment Project
TRNG I HC NGOI THNG
Khoa Kinh t va Kinh doanh Quc t
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 186
Chng II: D n FDI
I. Mt s l lun c bn v d n u
t
II. Ni dung d n FDI
III. Phn tch ti chnh d n FDI
IV. Phn tch kinh t - x hi d n
FDI
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 187
I. Mt s ly lun c bn v d n u t
1. D n u t
1.1. Khi nim
nh ngha
D n u t l tng th cc gii php s dng cc ngun
ti nguyn hu hn hin c to ra nhng li ch thit
thc cho nha u t va cho x hi
Theo qui nh ca Lut u t c Quc hi thng qua ngy
29/11/2005: D n u t l tp hp cc xut bo vn trung va
di hn tin hnh cc hot ng u t trn a bn c th,
trong khong thi gian xc nh.
c im
- C tnh c th va mc tiu xc nh
- To nn mt thc th mi
- C s tc ng tch cc ca con ngi
- C bt nh va ri ro
- C gii hn v thi gian va cc ngun lc
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 188
1. D n u t (tip)
1.2. Phn loi d n
- Cn c vo ngi khi xng: D n c nhn, D n tp
th, D n quc gia, D n quc t.
- Cn c vo ngun vn: D n s dng vn trong nc,
d n c vn nc ngoi,
- Cn c vo tnh cht hot ng: D n sn xut, D n
dch v thng mi, D n c s h tng, D n dch v
x hi.
- Cn c vo a ch khch hng ca d n: xut khu hay
tiu thu ni a,
- Cn c vo thi gian hot ng ca d n
- Cn c vo qui m ca d n
- Cn c vo phn cp qun l Nha nc
- Cn c vo mc chnh xc ca d n: D n tin
kha thi, D n kha thi
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 189
1. D n u t (tip)
1.3. Yu cu i vi mt d n u t
- Tnh khoa hc va tnh h thng
- Tnh hp php
- Tnh thc tin
- Tnh chun mc
- Tnh phng nh
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 190
I. Mt s l lun c bn v d n u t (tip)
2. D n FDI
L d n u t nhng c nhng c im
khc bit so vi d n u t trong nc:
- C yu t nc ngoi: c s di chuyn ngun
lc ca d n qua bin gii quc gia => ngn
ng, ng tin, lut php mang yu t nc
ngoi
- C s tham gia qun l trc tip ca nha u t
nc ngoi
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 191
I. Mt s l lun c bn v d n u t (tip)
3. CHU TRNH D N
Chu trnh ca mt d n l trnh t cc
bc nhm s dng c hiu qu cc
ngun lc cho trc theo trt t thi gian
xc nh.
tng
d n
Chun b
& lp DA
Thm
nh
Trin khai,
thc hin
nh gia Kt thc
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 192
Top 9 Venture Capital Interview
Questions
1. Why do you want a job in venture capital? And,
specifically, why did you want a job with our firm?
2. What are some recent developments in our
industry?
3. What has been the most interesting IPO or
acquisition in our industry in the past year?
4. What blogs/columns do you read?
5. Where do you see yourself in five years?
6. How would you evaluate a possible portfolio
company and its business plan?
7. Tell me about your most challenging professional
experience.
8. What industries are of greatest interest to you?
9. What have you personally invested in?
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 193
II. NI DUNG D N FDI
1. Chu u t
2. Doanh nghip xin thnh lp
3. Sn phm, dch v va thi trng
4. Quy m sn phm va d kin thi trng
tiu thu
5. Cng ngh, my mc, thit b va mi
trng
6. Cc nhu cu cho sn xut
7. Mt bng a im va xy dng- kin
trc
8. T chc qun l lao ng va tin lng
9. Tin thc hin d n
10. C cu vn u t theo nm thc hin
11. Phn tch ti chnh
12. nh gia hiu qu
13. T nhn xt, nh gia va kin nghi
Ti chnh
Ky thut
Gii thiu
Thi trng
KT-XH
D n FDI
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 194
Gii thiu v d n
I. Chu u t
I. Tn cng ty:
II. i din c y quyn
I. H, tn; Nm sinh; Quc tch
II. S h chiu ngy cp.ni cp
III. Chc v, a ch thng tr
III. Tru s chnh
I. in thoi, Telex, Fax
IV. Ngnh kinh doanh chnh
V. Giy php thnh lp cng ty
I. ng k ti. Ngy.
II. Vn ng k:.
III. Cng ty m ti khon ti Ngn hng:.
IV. S ti khon:.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 195
Gii thiu v d n
1. Tn cng ty: ABC CORPORATION
2. i din: ng Shigeo Nishiyama
- Chc v: Ph Gim c
- Quc tch: Nht Bn
- H chiu s: TF 3131842 cp ngy 19/5/1999 v ht hn ngy
19/5/2009
- a ch thng tr: 19-10-2, Kaminarimon, Taito-ku, Tokyo, Nht
Bn
3. Tr s chnh: 3-3-5 Chomei, Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku,
Tokyo, Nht Bn
4. Ngnh ngh kinh doanh chnh: Sn xut v kinh doanh cc loi
bnh xt nha v bnh thuc pha ch
5. Giy php thnh lp s: 0107-01-002750 ngy 21/2/1963 cp
ti Tokyo, Nht Bn
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 196
Gii thiu v d n (tip)
II. Doanh nghip xin thnh lp
1. Tn gi ca doanh nghip
2. Hnh thc u t
3. Thi gian hot ng
4. Mc tiu hot ng chnh
5. Vn u t
1. Tng vn u t d kin:.. Trong :
- Vn c nhUSD, bao gm:
- Vn lu ng:.. USD
2. Ngun vn
- Tng s:.. USD, trong :
- Vn php nh (hoc vn gp): USD
- Vn vay
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 197
II. Doanh nghip xin thnh lp
1. Tn Doanh nghip:
Tn ting Vit: CNG TY Canyon chu
Tn giao dch ting Anh: canyon asia lIMITED
2. Hnh thc u t: Doanh nghip 100% vn nc
ngoi.
3. Mc tiu hot ng chnh ca Doanh nghip: Sn
xut, gia cng cc sn phm nha k thut cao (ch
yu l cc loi chai, bnh xt bng nha cc loi).
4. Thi hn hot ng ca Doanh nghip: 30 nm
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 198
Phn tch thi trng
III. Sn phm, dch v va thi trng
1. M ta sn phm, dch v: Tn, k m hiu,
thng s ky thut chu yu, tiu chun cht
lng;
2. Nghin cu la chn thi trng:
- D kin vng thi trng;
- nh gia nhu cu hin ti ca vng thi trng;
- D bo nhu cu tng lai ca vng thi trng;
- Phn tch i thu cnh tranh;
- Phn tch kha nng cnh tranh va chim lnh thi
trng;
- Nghin cu cc bin php thc y bn hng.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 199
5. Vn u t ca doanh nghip:
5.1. Tng vn u t d kin: 550.000 USD, trong :
- Vn c nh: 266.000 USD, c th nh sau:
+ My mc, thit b: 220.000 USD;
+ Ti sn c nh khc: 46.000 USD
- Vn lu ng: 284.000 USD
5.2. Ngun vn:
Tng vn u t: 550.000 USD, trong :
- Vn php nh: 185.000 USD c gp bng tin
mt
- Vn vay: 365.000 USD
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 200
Phn tch thi trng (tip)
IV. Quy m sn phm va d kin thi trng tiu thu
? ? ? Tng
doanh
thu
1.
2.
Thnh
tin
Gia
c
tnh
S
lng
Thnh
tin
Gia
c
tnh
S
lng
Nm sn xut n nh Nm

Nm 1 Tn
sn
phm,
dch v
(n
v)
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 201
Phn tch ky thut
V. Cng ngh, my mc thit b va mi trng
1. Cng ngh:
- S quy trnh cng ngh chu yu (hoc cc cng ngh chu yu)
- c im chu yu ca gii php cng ngh la chn
- D tho hp ng chuyn giao cng ngh, h tr ky thut (nu c)
Gia cng ngh?
2. Danh mc my mc thit b
IV. Thit b vn phng
III. Thit b vn chuyn
II. Thit b phu tr
I. Thit b sn xut
Gia tr c gia S lng c tnh
ky thut
Xut x Tn thit b
3. Mi trng
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 202
Phn tch ky thut (tip)
VI. Cc nhu cu cho sn xut
+Nguyn liu va bn thnh phm
+Nhin liu, nng lng, nc, cc dch v va
ngun cung cp
+Nhu cu lao ng vo nm th khi t cng
sut thit k
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 203
Nguyn liu va bn thnh phm
? ? ? Tng
I. NK vo VN
II. Mua ti VN
Gia
tr
c
gia
S
lng
Gia
tr
c
gia
S
lng
Nm sn
xut n nh
Nm Nm 1 Danh mc
(chng loi)
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 204
Nhin liu, nng lng, nc, cc
dch v va ngun cung cp
Gia
tr
Khi
lng
Gia
tr
Khi
lng
Nm SX
n nh
Nm

Nm
th 1
Ngun
Cung cp
Tn gi
(chng loi)
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 205
Nhu cu lao ng
Tng cng
-Cn b qun l
-Nhn vin ky thut va
gim st
-Cng nhn lnh ngh
-Cng nhn gin n
-Nhn vin vn phng
Cng Ngi
Nc ngoi
Ngi
Vit
Nam
Loi lao ng
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 206
Phn tch ky thut (tip)
VII. Mt bng, a im va xy dng, kin trc
1. a im va mt bng
- a ch, ranh gii v/hoc toa a l ca a im
d n (km theo bn ve)
- Hin trng mt bng va c s h tng ca a im
- Din tch s dng cho d n va mc gia cho thu?
- Gia tr n b, di chuyn cn thc hin gii phng
mt bng
2. Xy dng, kin trc
2.1 S tng mt bng (km theo bn ve)
2.2 Tng tin xy dng
2.3 Cc hng mc trong va ngoi khun vin
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 207
Phn tch ky thut (tip)
2.3 Cc hng mc trong va ngoi khun vin
Tn hng mc n v Quy m n gi Thnh tin
I. Cc hng mc xy mi
1.
2.

II. Cc hng mc sa cha, ci to
Cng

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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 208
Phn tch ky thut (tip)
VIII. T chc qun l, lao ng va tin lng
1. S t chc ca doanh nghip
2. Quy lng hng nm
3. Phng thc tuyn dng, k hoch o to
cn b qun l, ky thut va cng nhn (nu
r ni dung va chi ph d kin)
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 209
Nhu cu lao ng
Loi lao ng Ngi Vit Nam Ngi nc ngoi Cng
I. Cn b qun l
II. Nhn vin k thut v
gim st
III. Cng nhn lnh ngh
IV. Cng nhn gin n
V. Nhn vin vn phng

Tng

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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 210
Qu lng hng nm
Nm
1 2 ... n nh
I. Nhn vin nc ngoi ( cc b phn)
1.
2.
...
Tng qu lng cho nhn vin nc ngoi

II. Nhn vin ngi Vit Nam ( cc b phn)
1.
2.
...
Tng qu lng cho nhn vin ngi Vit Nam

III. Tng qu lng (I+II)

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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 211
Phn tch ky thut (tip)
XV. Tin thc hin d n
+ Hon thnh thu tc ng k thnh lp
doanh nghip
+ Thu a im
+ Khi cng xy dng: thng th
+ Lp t thit b: thng th
+ Vn hnh th: thng th
+ Sn xut chnh thc: thng th
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 212
Phn tch ti chnh
X. C cu vn u t theo nm thc hin
+ Vn lu ng
Thnh phn Nm th 1 Nm ... Nm SX n nh
1. Vn sn xut
- Nguyn liu v bn thnh phm nhp
khu
- Nguyn liu v bn thnh phm ni a
- Lng v bo him x hi
- Chi ph in, nc, nhin liu
- Ph tng thay th

2. Vn lu thng
- Nguyn liu tn kho
- Bn thnh phm tn kho
- Thnh phm tn kho
- Hng bn chu

3. Vn bng tin mt
Tng vn lu ng

u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 213
II. Ni dung d n FDI (tip)
2.10. C cu vn u t theo nm thc hin
+Nhu cu vn lu ng
Phn bit gia ti sn va chi ph
Thnh phn Nm th 1 Nm ... Nm SX n nh
1. Tn kho
- Nguyn liu
- Bn thnh phm
- Th nh phm
- Cc hng tn kho khc

2. Phi thu
3. Phi tr (-)
Nhu cu vn lu ng

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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 214
II. Ni dung d n FDI (tip)
2.10. C cu vn u t theo nm thc hin
+ Vn c nh
Thnh phn Nm th 1 Nm ... Nm SX n nh
I. Chi ph chun b u t
II. Chi ph n b, gii phng mt
bng, san nn v gi tr gp vn
bng quyn s dng t ca bn
Vit Nam (nu c)
III. Gi tr nh ca v kt cu h tng
sn c
IV. Chi ph xy dng mi hoc/v ci
to nh xng, kt cu h tng
V. Chi ph my mc, thit b dng c
VI. Gp vn bng chuyn giao cng
ngh hoc mua cng ngh tr gn
(nu c)
VII. Chi ph o to ban u
VIII. Chi ph khc

Tng vn c nh

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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 215
II. Ni dung d n FDI (tip)
2.11. Phn tch ti chnh
+Doanh thu
Cc khon thu Nm th 1 Nm ... Nm SX n nh
1.
2.
...

Tng doanh thu

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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 216
II. Ni dung d n FDI (tip)
+Chi ph
Cc loi chi ph Nm th 1 Nm
...
Nm SX n
nh
1. Nguyn vt liu, bn thnh phm
2. Bao b, vt liu bao b
3. Nhin liu, nng lng, nc
4. Lng, bo him x hi, ph cp cho
ngi lao ng
5. Bo dng
6. Ph chuyn giao cng ngh, ti liu k
thut tr theo k v
7. Khu hao ti sn c nh
8. Thu nh xng, t
9. Qun l
10. o to
11. Bn hng, qung co, tip th
12. Li vay
13. Chi ph khc

Tng chi ph

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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 217
II. Ni dung d n FDI (tip)
Cc ch tiu Nm th 1 Nm ... Nm SX n nh
1. Tng doanh thu
2. Tng chi ph (k c l nm trc)
3. Li nhun trc thu
4. Thu thu nhp doanh nghip
5. Li nhun sau thu
6. Cc qu
7. Li nhun c chia
Trong :
Bn Vit Nam
Bn nc ngoi


+D kin l, li
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 218
II. Ni dung d n FDI (tip)
2.12. nh gia hiu qu
2.12.1. Hiu qu ti chnh
- Thi gian hon vn (Payback Period)
- im ha vn (Break Even Point)
- Hin gia thun (NPV Net Present Value)
- T sut hon vn ni b (IRR Internal Rate of Return)
- Phn tch nhy ca d n
- Kha nng cn i ngoi t
2.12.2. Hiu qu kinh t x hi
- Cc loi thu va khon np cho Nha nc Vit Nam
- Mc tin tin ca sn phm va cng ngh p dng
- Gia tr sn phm to ra trong c gia tr xut khu
- S vic lm c to ra bi d n
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 219
II. Ni dung d n FDI (tip)
2.13. T nhn xt, nh gia va kin nghi
- Tnh kha thi va hiu qu ca d n
- Cc kin nghi v u i va cc bin php
m Nha nc Vit Nam cn p dng lin
quan n d n.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 220
III. PHN TCH TI CHNH D N FDI
1. Xc nh vn u t
2. Xc nh dng tin ca d n
3. Xc nh ngun vn u t
4. nh gia hiu qu ti chnh ca
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 221
1. Xc nh vn u t
+ Vn u t l cc ngun lc c s dng vo sn
xut kinh doanh vi mc ch sinh li - cho chu u
t v/hoc cho x hi.
Ti sn Ngun vn
Ti sn lu ng
Tn kho
Phi thu
Tin mt
Ti sn c nh
Hu hnh
V hnh
Ti chnh
Ngun vn vay
Phi tra
Vay ngn hn
Vay trung va di hn
Ngun vn chu s hu
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 222
Vn u t
+ Thnh phn:
Quan im 1: Vn c nh va Vn lu ng
- Vn c nh: l biu hin bng tin ca cc ti sn c nh
ca d n.
- Vn lu ng: l biu hin bng tin ca cc ti sn lu
ng ca d n.
- Ti sn cn tha mn iu kin:
Doanh nghip kim sot c
em li li ch kinh t trong tng lai
Xc nh c chi ph
- Phn bit ti sn c nh va ti sn lu ng
Quan im 2: Vn c nh va Nhu cu vn lu ng
NCVL = Tn kho + Phi thu - Phi tra
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 223
2. Xc nh ngun vn
+ Vn gp ca cc chu u t
+ Vn vay
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 224
Doanh nghip Vit Nam
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 57
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 225
3 Xc nh dng tin ca d n
Cash Flow CF
a/ Khi nim:Dng tin ca d n trong mt khong
thi gian nht nh l chnh lch gia tng cc khon
thc thu ca d n (cc khon thu c km vic nhp
quy tin mt) trong thi gian vi tng cc khon
thc chi ca d n (cc khon chi c km vic xut
quy tin mt) cng trong khong thi gian .

= Thucchi Thucthu CF
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 226
Thc thu, thc chi, khu hao, li vay
Thc thu: Cc khon thu c km vic nhp
quy tin mt
Thc thu = Doanh thu Phi thu
Thc chi: Cc khon chi c km vic xut quy
tin mt
Thc chi = Chi ph Phi tra
Khu hao: L chi ph, nhng khng phi l
khon thc chi, nn khng tnh vo dng tin
Li vay c tnh trong chi ph, nhng khng
c tnh vo dng tin
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 227
b. Thnh phn ca dng tin:
Thanh ly (+)
Thu thanh ly (+,-)
Thu chi khc
Kt thc d
n
Doanh thu (+)
Chi ph (-)
Khu hao (+)
Li vay (+)
Thu TNDN (-)
NCVL ()
Qu trnh sn
xut kinh
doanh
Mua ti sn c nh (-)
Ti tr nhu cu vn lu ng (-)
Chi thu c bit khc (+, -)
Chun b u
ta
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 228
Bi tp
Mt chu u t nc ngoi d kin u t vo hng
may mc, tng vn u t l 40.000 USD, trong
30.000 USD u t mua sm ti sn c nh, cn li
trang tri nhu cu vn lu ng ca d n. D kin
d n tin hnh trong 5 nm. Ti sn c nh ca d
n c khu hao u va khu hao ht trong 5 nm.
Doanh thu hng nm ca d n l 50.000 USD, tng
chi ph hng nm (cha k chi ph khu hao) l 20.000
USD. Thu thu nhp doanh nghip m cng ty phi
np s c thu sut l 25%. Hy lp dng tin hng
nm ca d n ny.
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 58
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 229
4. nh gia hiu qu ti chnh
a) Cc ch tiu khng tnh n hin gia
Ch tiu 1: im hoa vn l im m ti
doanh thu ca d n va u trang tri cc
khon chi ph bo ra thc hin d n.
TS = TC
TS (Total sales)
TC (Total cost) = FC (fixed cost) + VC (variable
cost)
Chc nng ca im hoa vn: im hoa vn biu
thi khi lng hot ng, doanh thu,cng sut/ mc
hot ng m ti tng doanh thu bng tng chi
ph
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 230
IM HA VN (tip)
Gia thit 1: Doanh thu va
chi ph c quan h tuyn
tnh vi sn lng
-Gia bn sn phm khng
thay i =TS = P*Q
-Chi ph c nh khng thay
i khi qui m sn xut thay
i
-Chi ph bin i cho mt
n v sn phm (v) khng
thay i
-= TC = vQ + FC
-Vy im ha vn
s l:
- TS* = TC*
PQ* = vQ* + FC
v P
FC
Q

= *
Q
S,C
FC
VC
TC
TS
im
ha vn
Q*
T
S
*
=
T
C
*
L
Li
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 231
Bi tp 4
Cc chi ph ca cng ty KEN trong nm 2004 c sp xp theo tnh cht bin ng ca chng
v c ghi li trong bng sau.
n v : USD
Chi ph Tng Chi ph bin i Chi ph c nh
Nguyn vt liu
Lao ng trc tip
Chi ph gin tip trong sn xut
Chi ph phn phi sn phm
Chi ph qun l
450.000
750.000
1.150.000
680.000
300.000
450.000
750.000
450.000
330.000
700.000
350.000
300.000
Tng 3.330.000 1.980.000 1.350.000
Sn lng hng nm l 12.000 sn phm. D tr coi nh bng 0. Gi bn sn phm l 300
USD/sn phm. Chi ph bin i t l thun vi sn lng.
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 232
Cu hi
1. Xc nh im ho vn ca cng ty. V th biu din quan h gia sn lng v
doanh thu, sn lng v tng chi ph.
2. Nu doanh nghip m rng sn xut lm cho chi ph c nh hng nm tng thm
67.500 USD/nm ng thi sn lng tng thm 4.000 sn phm/nm th im ho
vn c g thay i. (Bit rng cc yu t khc khng thay i : gi bn, chi ph bin
i /sn phm)
3. Doanh nghip c nn m rng sn xut khng? Ti sao?
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 59
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 233
IM HA VN (tip)
Mc hot ng ha
vn
Trong
TS*: Doanh thu hoa
vn
TST: Doanh thu l
thuyt
p dng cho bi tp v nha 2
% 100
*
T
TS
TS
M =
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 234
Bi tp v nha
Bi tp 6
Mt doanh nghip d kin tng chi ph
hot ng hng nm l 5.000.000 USD,
trong chi ph c nh l 1450.000USD,
tng doanh thu l 8.875.000USD. Bit
rng doanh nghip khng c hng tn
kho, gia bn hng hoa khng thay i va
chi ph bin i cho mt n v sn phm
khng thay i.
Xc nh im hoa vn va mc hot
ng hoa vn ca doanh nghip?
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 235
IM HA VN (tip)
u im:
n gin, d tnh ton
Nhc im:
Khng st vi thc t
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 236
IM HA VN (tip)
Trng hp 2: Doanh
thu va chi ph c biu
din di dng nhng
hm phi tuyn tnh vi
sn lng
Q
S,C
TS
TC
li
im
ha
vn
im
ha
vn
Q*
1
Q*
2
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 60
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 237
Bi tp v nha (tip)
Bi tp 7
Mt cng ty lin doanh trong lnh vc sn xut hoa
cht c cng sut thit k l 7000 tn sn
phm/nm. Cc chi ph ca cng ty c chi
thnh 3 loi: chi ph c nh l 80 triu USD; chi
ph bin i ti l thun vi sn lng vi h s ti l
l 35000; chi ph c nh ty l thun vi bnh
phng sn lng vi h s ti l l 5. Cng ty d
kin gia bn sn phm l 85000USD/tn.
Hy vit phng trnh biu din doanh thu, chi ph
va li nhun ca cng ty theo sn lng.
Hy xc nh im hoa vn ca cng ty
Hy xc nh mc li nhun ti a m cng ty c
th thu c va lng sn phm m cng ty phi
bn ra t c mc li nhun ny
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 238
Ch tiu 2: Thi gian hon vn
Khi nim: l khong thi gian cn thit
thu nhp ca d n va u b p vn u t
ca d n.
VLD ThuhoiTTNC LV KH LR TR
LV KH LR
C
t
NCVLD VCD C
ThueTNDN CP DT LR
LV KH LR TR
C TR
n
i
i
n
i
i
t
i
n
i
i i
+ + + =
+ +
=
+ =
=
+ + =
=


=
=
= =
0
0
0 0
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 239
Thi gian hon vn (tip)
Bi tp 8
Mt d n u t d kin tng vn u t l 30 triu USD
trong u t mua sm ti sn c nh l 20 triu USD. Ti
sn c nh c khu hao u va khu hao ht trong 10
nm (y chnh l thi gian hot ng ca d n). D kin li
rng hng nm ca d n l 6 triu USD. Li vay gia s bng
0.
1. Hy tnh thi gian hon vn ca d n.
2. Nu khu hao ti sn c nh c s thay i nh sau:
-2 triu USD khu hao vi ty l 50%/nm
-10 triu USD khu hao u va ht trong 5 nm
-S ti sn c nh cn li khu hao u va ht trong
10 nm.
- Hi thi gian hon vn ca d n c g thay i?
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 240
Thi gian hon vn (tip)
ngha:
- Sau bao nhiu lu s thu hi c ton b vn u t
- linh hot ca vn u t
- u im: c nh gia cao trong 2 trng hp:
D n c ri ro cao
Cn thay i c cu ti chnh
Hn ch:
- Khng tnh n phn thu nhp sau khi hon vn
- Cha phn nh ng mc tiu ti a ha li nhun ca chu u
t
- Khng tnh n quy m va tui tho d n, khng phn bit gia
mt d n c thu nhp ban u cao vi mt d n c thu nhp
ban u thp
- Khng tnh n nh hng ca thi gian n cc dng tin
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 61
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 241
V d v vic la chn d n khng chnh xc
khi s dng ch tiu thi gian hon vn
D n C c coi l tt hn
D cho du D c dng thu di
hn ng k hn
Thi gian
A
B
PP
Hai d n A va B c cng
thi gian hon vn nhng
d n A c chn v c
dng tin ban u ln hn
C
D
PP
Dng tin
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 242
IV. nh gia hiu qu ti chnh
b/ Cc ch tiu c tnh n hin gia
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 243
b1/ Cch xc nh hin gia
Tin t c tnh thi gian. Gia tr ca mt
ng thu c ngy hm nay chc chn
phi mang gia tr khc vi gia tr mt ng
s thu c mt nm sau va n lun
gn lin vi mt li sut nht nh
Gia tr ca mt ng thi khc nhau cc
thi im khc nhau
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 244
Tin c gia tr v mt thi gian
theo ba ngha
(1)Gia tr ca tin th hin lng ca ci vt
cht c th mua c nhng thi im khc
nhau do nh hng ca lm pht
(2)Th hin gia tr gia tng (Value Added VA)
do s dng tin vo hot ng ny m khng
s dng vo hot ng khc hay ct tr
dnh. Cn c xc nh VA l chi ph c hi
Thu nhp t d n Chi ph c hi = VA
(3)Biu hin gia tr gia tng hoc gim i theo
thi gian do nh hng ca cc yu t ngu
nhin, ri ro hay may mn.
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 62
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 245
V VY
Khi so snh, tng hp hoc tnh ton cc
ch tiu ca cc khon tin pht sinh tron
nhng thi gian khc nhau cn phi tnh
chng v cng mt mt bng thi gian
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 246
MI QUAN H TNG I
Cc nh kinh t quy c gi:
nm u ca thi ky phn tch l hin ti (Present-P),
cc nm tip theo l thi ky tng lai (Future-F)
nm cui ca thi ky phn tch l tng lai (F), cc nm
trc l hin ti (P)
P
F
F
P
P
i
i
F
i
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 247
1. Gi tr tng lai (future value)
Ta gi vo ngn hng s tin 100 vi li sut
10%/nm.
Mt nm sau, ta s nhn v s tin gc v li
l:
100+100x10%= 100 (1+10%)=110
Nu ta tip tc gi c s tin vn gc v li
(ghp li vo gc), n nm th 2 ta s nhn c
c tin gc v li l:
110 (1+10%)=100x(1+10%)2=121
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 248
1. Gi tr tng lai (future value)
Ta gi:
100 l gi tr hin ti (PV: present value)
121 (gi tr tng lai sau 2 nm ca 100) l
FV2 (FV:future value)
10% l li sut r
Ta c th vit:
PVx(1+r)
2
=FV
2
Ta a ra cng thc tng qut tnh gi tr tng
lai ca tin t (Cng thc 1) l:
Trong o: (1+r)
n
l tha s li kp hay h s gia tr
tng lai, k hiu l F/P
FV FV
n n
=PVx(1+r) =PVx(1+r)
n n
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 63
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 249
Bi tp 1:
C mt d n u t cn khon chi ph
200 triu VND. Sau 5 nm d n ha hn
mang li s li l 120 triu VND.
Doanh nghip c nn u t khng?
Bit rng li sut tin gi ngn hng hin
ti l 12%/nm, ky ghp li l nm
(compounded yearly).
FV FV
n n
=PVx(1+r) =PVx(1+r)
n n
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 250
Gii:
Nu r =8% th kt qu thay i nh th
no?
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 251
Bi tp 2:
Phi mt bao nhiu thi gian c s
tin 150 triu VND nu s tin mang gi
tit kim ngn hng l 100 triu VND vi li
sut 1%/thng v ky tnh li kp l 1 thng
(compounded monthly)?
Gi : s dng hm logarit
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 252
2. Gi tr hin ti (present value)
T cng thc tnh gi tr tng lai suy ra
cng thc tnh gi tr hin ti (Cng thc 2)
l:

Trong , 1/(1+r)n l gi tr hin ti ca mt


ng vi thi gian l n giai on v vi li
sut mi giai on l r. K hiu l P/F
PV= PV=FV FV
n n
x1/(1+r) x1/(1+r)
n n
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 64
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 253
Bi tp 3:
Mt sinh vin nm th nht, mun c s
tin 3000USD ci v sau khi ra trng
(cui nm th 4) thi anh ta phi bt u gi
vo ngn hng ngay u nm hc th nht
l bao nhiu? Bit rng li sut ngn hng
l 15%/nm.
PV= PV=FV FV
n n
x1/(1+r) x1/(1+r)
n n
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 254
3. Gi tr tng lai ca mt lot tin bng nhau
(future value of annuity)
Nu ta gi A (annuity) l khon tin bng
nhau s thu trong tng lai vo cui cc
nm vi thi gian l 5 nm, ta c th biu
din chng trn s sau:
0
1 2 3
4
NM
Khong cch thi gian ca cc dng chi (5 nm)
A
A A A A
5
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 255
NOTE
- Gi tr tng lai ca lot tin thu vo bng nhau A c tnh v
cui nm th 5 (ln thu cui cng)
Khong cch thi gian ca khon tin thu cui nm th i n cui
nm th 5 l 5-i
Ta c gi tr tng lai ca dng tin A thu vo cui nm th 5 l
FV5=A.(1+r)0, vo cui nm th 4 l FV4=A.(1+r)4=A.(1+r)5-4, vo
cui nm th i l FVi=A.(1+r)5-i
Nh vy, gi tr tng lai ca dng tin thu vo bng nhau A
vi khong thi gian n nm v li sut r s bao gm n ln mn tin A
gn vi cc ly tha khc nhau m trong mn tin A thu nm
th nht s l A(1+r)n-1 v mn tin A thu nm cui cng s l
A(1+r)0=A v khng c khong cch thi gian gia thi m thu tin
v thi im tnh ton (cng vo cui nm n)
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 256
Thit lp cng thc:
T cng thc
Ta c gi tr tng lai ca lat tin bng
nhau A vi thi gian n v li sut r c
tng hp nh sau:

FVn=A(1+r)0+A(1+r)1+ A(1+r)2+...+A(1+r)n-
1 (i)
FV FV
n n
=PVx(1+r) =PVx(1+r)
n n
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 65
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 257
FV
n
=A(1+r)
0
+A(1+r)
1
+ A(1+r)
2
+...+A(1+r)
n-1
(i)
Nhn 2 v vi (1+r) ta c:
FV
n
(1+r)=A(1+r)
1
+A(1+r)
2
+A(1+r)
3
+...+A(1+r)
n
(ii)
Ly (ii) tr i (i) ta c:
FV
n
(1+r)-FV
n
= A(1+r)
n
A
<=> FV
n
x r = A[(1+r)
n
-1]
=>Cng thc 3:
FV
n
=A[(1+r)
n
-1]/r
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 258
=>Cng thc 3:
FV
n
=A x [(1+r)
n
-1]/r
[(1+r)
n
-1]/r: H s gi tr tng lai ca mt ng u nhau (F/A)
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 259
Bi tp 4:

C mt d n tr gi 2000 USD u t
u trong 5 nm. Vi li sut chit khu l
10%/nm. Tnh gi tr tng lai ca lot
u t .

Phan Thi Vn 2009


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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 260
Bi tp 5:
D n cn 200.000 USD, chia lm 5 ln
u t bng nhau trong 5 nm. Sau 5 nm
d kin vn v li thu c l 250.000
USD.
Doanh nghip c nn u t khng?
Bit li sut ngn hng 12%/nm, ky ghp
li l 1 nm.
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 66
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 261
Bi tp 6:

C ngi mun c s tin hc ph l


20.000 USD cho con trai i du hc vo 5
nm sau thi anh ta phi gi tit kim hng
nm u nhau vo ngn hng l bao
nhiu? Bit rng li sut tin gi l
10%/nm.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 262
4. Gi tr hin ti ca mt lot tin bng
nhau (future value of annuity)
Nu ta gi A (annuity) l khon tin bng nhau s thu
trong tng lai vo cui cc nm (ending of year) vi
thi gian l 5 nm, ta c th biu din chng trn s
sau:
1
2 3 4
5
0
Khong cch thi gian ca cc dng thu (5 nm)
A A A A A
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 263
NOTE
- Gi tr hin ti ca lot tin thu bng nhau A (thu cui
nm) c tnh v nm th 0 (u nm th 1)
- Khong cch thi gian ca khon tin thu cui nm
th i n nm th 0 hay u nm th 1 l i

Nh vy, gi tr hin ti ca dng tin thu vo bng


nhau A vi khong thi gian n nm v li sut r s bao
gm n ln mn tin A gn vi cc ly tha khc nhau m
trong mn tin A u tin thu cui nm th nht s
l A/(1+r)1 v mn tin A thu nm cui cng s l
A/(1+r)n v c khong cch thi gian gia thi m thu
tin v thi im tnh ton l n nm.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 264
Thit lp cng thc:
T Cng thc 2
v Cng thc3
=>Cng thc 4
FV
n
=A[(1+r)
n
-1]/r
PV= PV=FV FV
n n
x1/(1+r) x1/(1+r)
n n
PV= A[(1+r) PV= A[(1+r)
n n
- -1] 1]/[r(1+r) [r(1+r)
n n
] ]
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 67
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 265
Thit lp cng thc:
=>Cng thc 4
PV= A x [(1+r) PV= A x [(1+r)
n n
- -1] 1]/[r(1+r) [r(1+r)
n n
] ]
[(1+r)
n
-1]/[r(1+r)
n
]: H s gi tr hin ti
ca mt ng u nhau (P/A)
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 266
Thit lp cng thc:
=>Cng thc 4
Cng thc 5
PV= A[(1+r) PV= A[(1+r)
n n
- -1] 1]/[r(1+r) [r(1+r)
n n
] ]
A= PVr(1+r) A= PVr(1+r)
n n
/[(1+r) [(1+r)
n n
- -1] 1]
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 267
Bi tp
Mt khch hng c th mua mt xe t
ca hng ca khi FK42KTNT vi cc
phng thc nh sau:
a) Tra ngay sau 1 nm vi gia 60.000 USD
b) Tra gp trong 5 nm vi mc
15.000USD/nm
Bit li sut sinh li thng thng l
r=10%/nm
Hi anh ta nn chn phng n mua no?
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 268
ng Hong l mt nha u t nha t, mi
mua mt cn nha va ang tnh ton s
dng cn nha mt cch c li nht v kinh
t. C 3 cch khc nhau nh sau:
Bn ngay cn nha vi gia 30.000USD
Bn tra gp vi li sut 15%/nm trong 5 nm
vi gia 8.000USD/nm
Cho thu v thi hn vi mc gia thu
2.000USD/nm
Bn hy gip ng Hong la chn phng n ti
u nht
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 68
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 269
=>Cng thc 4
PV= A[(1+r) PV= A[(1+r)
n n
- -1] 1]/[r(1+r) [r(1+r)
n n
] ]
PV=A/r x [1+r)
n
-1]/(1+r)
n
PV=A/r x [1-1/(1+r)
n
]
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 270
A= PV x r
NOTE NOTE
i vi mt dng thu (hay dng tin tra
gp) u nhau ko di n v tn (eternal
cash flows), khi y ta c:
1/(1+r)
n
0
Cng thc 4 s tr thnh
V Cng thc 5 tr thnh
PV = A / r
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 271
b. Cc ch tiu tnh ti hin gia
b2/ Cc ch tiu c th
Ch tiu 1. Gia tr hin ti rng (NPV)
Ch tiu 2. Ty sut hon vn ni b (IRR)
Ch tiu 3. Ch s doanh li (PI)
Ch tiu 4. Thi gian hon vn c chit
khu (DPP)
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 272
Ch tiu 1. Gi tr hin ti
thun
Net Present Value (NPV)
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 69
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 273
Khi nim NPV
L chnh lch gia tng cc dng thc
thu ca d n c quy v mt bng
thi gian hin ti vi tng cc dng chi
ph u t ca d n cng c quy
v mt bng thi gian hin ti theo mt t
sut hon vn nht nh.
L tng cc gi tr hin ti ca tt c cc
dng tin ca d n.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 274
Cng thc

= = =
+

+
=
+
=
n
i
n
i
i
i
i
i
n
i
i
i
r
C
r
TR
r
CF NPV
0 0 0
) 1 (
1
) 1 (
1
) 1 (
1
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 275
Bi tp 1
Doanh nghip d tnh mua mt my
Photocopy, gia my l 3000 USD, c
thi gian s dng l 5 nm, va gia s
sau o khng cn gia tr tn dng. Nh
vo my ny, doanh nghip tit kim
c khon chi ph thu ngoi l 1100
USD mi nm. Sut sinh li mong mun
ca doanh nghip l 15% nm. C nn
u t hay khng?
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 276
Nhn xt
S tin 678 USD chnh l hin gi rng-
NPV. L khi lng ca ci rng, l li
nhun tuyt i c to ra bi d n u
t.
Gi tr hin ti ca cc khon tit kim chi
ph hng nm (c xem l cc khon thu
c t d n) l 3678 USD ln hn
3000 USD l vn u t ban u trong
hin ti. D n nn c thc hin.
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 70
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 277
Q&A
Nu sut sinh li mong mun ca d n l
8%/nm thi sao?
Lc y NPV cng ln v tnh thuyt phc ca
d n cng cao (NPVr=8%=(1100 x 3,993)
3000 = 1329 USD)
V nu sut sinh li mong mun i vi
mt doanh nghip khc l 30% chng hn
thi iu gi s xy ra?
Lc y NPV s nha i v n m (NPV<0) thi
d n s khng c chp nhn (NPVr=30%=
(1100 x 2,436) 3000 = -320)

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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 278
Kt lun
NPV < 0 : NPV < 0 : Khng Khng th th u u t t
NPV = 0 : NPV = 0 : C C th th u u t t
NPV > 0 : NPV > 0 : u u t t hi hi u u qu qu
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 279
Lu
Gi Gi tr tr c ca a NPV NPV cn cn t t y y thu thu c c v v o o su su t t
chi chi t t kh kh u u r r s s d dng ng.
Sut chit khu dng nh gi mt d
n l thuc vo rt nhiu yu t mang sc
thi khc nhau, t pha chu u t n
chng loi u t; t nhng thc o tiu
biu ca ngnh ngh n sut chit khu
chung ca thi trng hay tnh mo him m
d n phi chp nhn nh i.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 280
thi NPV
Li sut
NPV
0
NPV= f (r)
Hm nghch hay hm thun?
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 71
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 281
u, nhc im ca NPV:
u u i i m m c ca a NPV: NPV:
-Tnh trn dng ngn lu
-Xt ti gi tr thi gian ca tin t
-Tha mn yu cu ti a ha li nhun,
ph hp quan im ngun ca ci rng
c to ra phi l ln nht.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 282
u, nhc im ca NPV
Nh Nh c c i i m m c ca a NPV: NPV:
- NPV phu thuc vo r, nu xc nh r khng
chnh xc th NPV cng khng chnh xc
- L ch tiu mang tnh cht tuyt i, khng
chnh xc khi phi so snh la chn nhng
d n c quy m vn u t khc nhau, r
khc nhau.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 283
Cch tnh NPV trn EXCEL
Nm 0 1 2 3 4 5
Dng ngn lu -5000 1800 1900 2100 1700 1600
Sut chit khu 10%
NPV 1939
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 284
NPV
f
va NPV
E
Mt d n ra i lun to ra nhng tc ng ngoi vi:
tch cc v tiu cc, chu nhng bp mo ca nhng
yu t: thu, tr cp,... l nhng nhn t s c
lng ha tr thnh dng ngn lu chnh thc khi xt
n hiu qu kinh t-x hi ca d n.
V vy, c nhng d n-nht l d n cng, thng l
nhng d n thuc c s h tng nh: ng x, cu
cng, cng trnh phc li,... xt v hiu qu ti chnh
khng c chp nhn (NPVt<0), tuy nhin, xt hiu
qu kinh t x hi li l mt d n rt tt v rt ng
c thc hin (NPVE>0).
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 72
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 285
NPV
f
va NPV
E
Ngc li, mt d n do c khuyn khch, ng
vin bng cch min thu, tr cp, min tin thu t
v c s h tng, c u i v hn ngch, d di,
thun li v thu tc hnh chnh..., khi thm nh v mt
ti chnh s rt tt (NPVf>0 ) nhng li l mt d n rt
ti v mt hiu qu kinh t x hi (NVPE<0 ).
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 286
Bi tp 2
UBND thnh ph H Ni sn sng ti tr
cho mt cng ty t nhn 200 triu ng nu
cng ty chp nhn s thu gom rc thi
min ph cho ton thnh ph trong 10 nm.
D kin nu cng ty tin hnh hot ng
ny s phi ba ra 80 triu vn u t ban
u va mi nm phi chi thm 20 triu ng.
1. Cng ty c nn chp nhn nghi ny ca
UBNDTP khng nu li sut ti thiu m
cng ty yu cu l 10%?
2. Quyt nh ca cng ty c thay i khng
khi li sut yu cu l 15%?
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 287
Gii bi tp 2
1. r=10%
2. r=15%
0 6 , 19
%) 15 1 (
1
20 80 200
0 892 , 2
%) 10 1 (
1
20 80 200
10
1
10
2
10
1
10
1
> =
+
=
< =
+
=

=
=
i
i
NPV
NPV
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 288
Nu thu sut thu TNDN l 25%, TSC khu
hao u va ht trong 10 nm, NPV =?
-13 -13 -13 120 CF
+8 +8 +8 KH
+7 +7 +7 Thu TNDN
-8 -8 -8 KH
-20 -20 -20 Chi ph H
-80 TSC
200 Nhn
10 .. 2 1 0 Nm
NPV
3
=40,12>19,6>0
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 73
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 289
Q&A
C phi NPV va r lun c mi quan h ti
l nghch?
Khi no chng khng tn ti mi quan h
ti l nghch
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 290
Ch tiu 2.
T sut hon vn ni b
Internal Rate of Return-IRR
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 291
Khi nim
IRR ca mt d n u t l t sut
hon vn m khi s dng n quy
i cc dng thu nhp v chi ph u
t ca d n v cng mt mt bng
thi gian hin ti thi s t c cn
bng thu chi.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 292
Cng thc

= =
+
=
+
n
i
i
i
n
i
i
i
IRR
C
IRR
TR
0 0
) 1 (
1
) 1 (
1
0
0
) 1 (
1
0
) 1 (
1
I =
=
+

=
+
=
n
i
IRR
i
C
n
i
IRR
i
TR
i i
RR NPV
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 74
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 293
Khi nim
IRR ca mt d n u t l t sut
hon vn m khi s dng n tnh
gi tr hin ti ca cc dng tin ca
d n s thu c NPV bng 0
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 294
IRR l mc li sut chit khu ti NPV= 0
L mc li sut chit khu ti a m d n c th chu c
Interest Rate
NPV
IRR
ngha
0
r
1
NPV
1
< 0
r
2
NPV
2
>0
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 295
ngha
IRR dng thm nh s ng gi ca
d n. Nu IRR ca d n ln hn sut
sinh li ky vng-expected rate hoc l
ln hn t sut li vay hoc sut chit
khu thi trng thi d n c nh gi
l c hiu qu v chp nhn thc hin.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 296
Nhc im ca IRR:
IRR l mt trong nhng ch tiu dng
thm nh d n. Tuy nhin, n l
ch tiu kt hp, b tr cho ch tiu
NPV.
Ch tiu IRR trong mt s trng hp
khng th gii thch c tnh hiu
qu ca d n, nht l khi phi so
snh la chn cc d n.
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 75
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 297
Vi d n c dng ngn lu bt ng
Trng hp d n c dng tin ban u dng v lin tc
m trong nhng nm sau thi IRR cng nha v nha hn t
sut sinh li mong mun r, thi cng tt
Trng hp d n c nhng dng thu nhp v u t an
xen nhau, lm cho dng ngn lu tin tc i du, khi
phng trnh s cho kt qu vi nhiu nghim s khc
nhau, thm ch tri ngc nhau. V vy, khng xc nh
c chnh xc c IRR.
NPV
r
0
IRR
1
IRR
2
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 298
Vi d n c dng ngn lu bt ng
C dng ngn lu nh sau:
Cho NPV=0 tnh IRR ta c phng trnh:
<=> -1200(1+r)
2
+3200(1+r)-2000=0
Gii phng trnh bc hai vi n s (1+r) ta c 2
p s:
r
1
=67%, r
2
=0%
-2000 3200 -1200 Dng ngn lu
ca d n
2 1 0 Nm
0
) 1 (
2000
) 1 (
3200
1200
2 1
=
+

+
+ =
r r
NPV
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 299
Cch tnh IRR
1. Phng php hnh hc (by graphing)
Chn hai t sut chit khu cao v thp (r1,,
r2) cho 2 gi tr NPV tng ng: mt c gi
tr m (NPV1) v mt c gi tr dng (NPV2).
Biu din chng trn thi, s dng h qu
tam gic ng dng xc nh IRR bng r
tng ng ti NPV bng 0.
Mi quan h gia NPV v r khng phi l
quan h tuyn tnh, coi ng ni gia hai
im NPV1 v NPV2 l ng thng thi gi tr
tuyt i ca hai im ny phi ~0. Ngha l
r1v r2 cng gn nhau cng tm c IRR
chnh xc hn.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 300
thi: Xc nh IRR theo phng
php hnh hc
B
+NPV
-NPV
0
NPV
1
<0
NPV
2
>0
r (%)
A
C
D
E
r
2
r
1
IRR
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 76
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 301
Cch tnh IRR
1. Phng php hnh hc (by graphing)
Ta c ABE ~ CDE
=>
<=>
<=> -IRR.NPV
2
+r
1
.NPV
2
= -IRR.NPV
1
+r
2
. NPV
1
=>
DE
CD
BE
AB
=
IRR r
NPV
r IRR
NPV
1
1
2
2

2 1
2 1 1 2
NPV NPV
NPV . r NPV . r
IRR

=
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 302
Cch tnh IRR
2. TRN BNG TNH EXCEL
Nm 0 1 2 3 4 5
Dng ngn lu -5000 1800 1900 2100 1700 1600
Sut chit khu 10%
NPV 1938.97
IRR 25% 25%
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 303
Nh vy, c ch tiu NPV l ch tiu IRR
u cha u iu kin nh gia hiu
qu va la chn nhng d n u t c
quy m vn u t khc nhau. Cn phi
c mt ch tiu tng i c th thc
hin c vic ny
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 304
Ch tiu 3.
CH S DOANH LI
Profitability Index (PI)
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 77
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 305
KHI NIM
PI ca mt d n u t l ti l gia tng
thu nhp ca d n quy v hin ti
vi tng vn u t ca d n cng
quy v hin ti theo mt ty sut hon vn
nht nh
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 306
Ch
Khng th tnh PI da trn CF
i
m phi
phn bit r TR
i
va C
i
(C
i
chnh l tng
vn u t hay tng chi ph u t)
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 307
CNG THC
i
n
i
i
n
i
i
i
r
C
r
TR
PI
) 1 (
1
) 1 (
1
0
0
+
+
=

=
=
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 308
Bi tp 1
Cho cc s liu v mt d n u t nh
sau. Bit sut sinh li mong mun ca d
n l 10%, tnh ch s doanh li ca d n
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 78
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 309
Gii
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 310
Nguyn tc
PI>1: D n ng gia
PI=1: C th u t
PI<1: D n khng c hiu qu
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 311
ngha
PI cho bit mc hiu qu ca d n
u t, gip ngi ta la chn c
nhng d n u t c quy m vn u
t khc nhau nhng li khng cho bit
gia tr tuyt i thu c ca mt d n.
V vy cn dng PI kt hp vi cc ch
tiu khc nh gia hiu qu ti chnh
ca d n.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 312
Bi tp 2
Mt chu u t u t vo mt d n vi cc iu kin v
ti chnh nh sau:
Vn u t cho ti sn c nh l 45 triu USD. TSC s
c mua va thanh ton mt ln trong giai on chun b
d n va s c khu hao u va khu hao ht trong 5
nm. D kin li rng hng nm ca d n =12% doanh
thu va nhu cu vn lu ng hng nm =20% doanh thu va
phi chun b sn t nm trc. Doanh thu ca d n d
kin nh sau:
Nm 1: 10 triu USD, nm 2: 100 triu USD, nm 3: 150
triu USD, nm 4: 160 triu USD, nm 5: 100 triu USD.
1/ Hy tnh cc ch tiu nh gia hiu qu ti chnh ca
d n bit ty sut hon vn ti thiu m chu u t yu
cu l 10%
2/Hy a ra li khuyn cho chu u t xem c nn tin
hnh d n hay khng?
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 79
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 313
Gii
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 314
Ch tiu 4.
Thi gian hon vn c chit
khu
Discounted Payback Period
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 315
Khi nim
L khong thi gian cn thit tng
hin gi ca cc dng thu nhp ca
d n va u b p cho tng
hin gi ca vn u t ba ra cho d
n.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 316
CNG THC

= =
+
=
+
n
i
i
i
DPP
i
i
i
r
C
r
TR
0 0
) 1 ( ) 1 (
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 80
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 317
ngha
Thi gian hon vn c chit khu (DPP)
cng ngn cng gip cc chu d n
trnh c nhng bin ng, ri ro, hiu
qu ca d n cng cao
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 318
Lu
Ch tiu ny khc phc c nhc im
c bn ca ch tiu thi gian hon vn n
gin vi vic tnh n gia tr tin t theo thi
gian. Tuy nhin khng khc phc c cc
nhc im khc.
Ch tiu ny thng chnh xc hn va
thng di hn ch tiu thi gian hon vn
n gin
Nu TR
i
/(1+r)
i =
const, DPP=?
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 319
Payback Period
Cash Flow
Time
A
B
Payback
Same payback period,
however A is preferable
to B due to early high
cashflow
C
D
C
D
C would be preferred to
D even though D has
better long term
earnings
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 320
DPP=5+191/8945=5.02 nam
191 4740 10407 11249 13542
Von can
hoan
13542
tongPV(V
DT)
4549
5
0
3
5667
3542
4
8945 842 2293
PV(Dng
thu nhp)
10000
PV(Vn
T)
6 2 1 0 Nm
Mt d n c cc s liu ti chnh nh trn,
bit sut sinh li mong mun l 9%, tnh
thi gian hon vn c chit khu ca d n
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 81
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 321
Bi tp 2
Tnh thi gian hon vn ca mt d n u t
vi cc s liu cho trong bng sau. Li sut
chit khu 10%/nm.
1,0 2,0 9
1,0 2,0 8
1,0 1,5 7
1,0 1,0 6
1,0 0,2 5
0,7 -0,3 4
1,5 3
2,5 2
2,0 1
Khu hao Li rng u t Nm
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 322
Bi gii
Cch 1: S dng cng thc:
Cch 2: S dng cng thc:
Q: Hai cch gii trn c im gi cha hp
l???
9
KH LR
5 , 1 5 , 2 0 , 2

+
+ +
= =
nm hng bq nhp thu Dng
T vn Tng
PP
PVC
NPV
PP =
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 323
Bi tp v nha
Bi 1
C 3 d n u t loi tr nhau. Nn chn
d n no bit ti sut hon vn ti thiu m
chu u t yu cu l 10%
5.304
2.000
505
2
5.304 5.304 -11.000 DA C
12.000 2.000 -10.000 DA B
505 505 -1.000 DA A
3 1 0 Nm
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 324
Bi 2
Mt doanh nghip d kin mua mt chic my mi
thay th chic my m hin nay doanh nghip ang s
dng. Doanh nghip s phi ba ra 2 triu USD mua
my. Thi gian s dng my l 5 nm, gia tr cn li
coi nh bng 0. Chic my ny c khu hao u va
khu hao ht trong vng 5 nm ny. Nu s dng
chic my mi ny, hng nm doanh nghip s tit
kim c 0,8 triu USD chi ph hot ng. Chic my
c ca doanh nghip c gia mua vo l 1,5 triu USD
(DN mua 1 nm trc ). Chic my ny cng c
khu hao u va ht trong 5 nm. Gia tr k ton cn
li ca chic my ny l 1,2 triu USD. DN c th bn
chic my l 1 triu USD. Thu sut thu TNDN l
40%. Hy t vn cho doanh nghip xem c nn mua
my mi hay khng?
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 82
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 325
Bi 3
Mt doanh nghip hng nm phi s dng 7000 n
v nguyn vt liu phc v cho sn xut. Doanh
nghip c 2 phng n la chn cho ngun cung
ng nguyn vt liu nh sau:
1/ DN s mua ngoi vi gia 5 USD/1v NVL
2/ DN s t sn xut cc NVL ny vi gia thnh l 3
USD/1v NVL (gia ny cha k chi ph khu hao)
c th tin hnh sn xut nguyn vt liu, DN s
phi mua mt chic my mi vi gia 78.000 USD.
Chic my nayd c s dng trongn 10 nm va d
kin gia tr cn li bng 0. Li rng m DN c th thu
c l 10%. TSC ca DN c khu hao u.
Thu sut thu TNDN l 35%. D kin d n s ko
di 10 nm.
Doanh nghip nn la chn phng n cung ng
nguyn vt liu no? Ti sao?
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 326
IV.PHN TCH KINH T X HI
D N FDI
Socio-Economic Analysis (SEA)
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 327
1. Khi nim
- L so snh gia cc li ch m d n
em li cho ton b nn kinh t va cho
x hi vi cc chi ph m x hi phi bo
ra thc hin d n
-> Li ch:
-> Chi ph:
-> ngha SEA:
-> SEA khc vi FR nh th no?
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 328
Li ch kinh t - x hi ca d n
Gia tr gia tng to ra cho nn kinh t quc dn
ng gp cho ngn sch quc gia
Tng thu hoc tit kim ngoi t cho t nc
To vic lm va thu nhp cho ngi lao ng
Tng nng sut lao ng x hi
S dng nguyn vt liu trong nc
Pht trin cc ngnh ngh
Pht trin kinh t - x hi ca a phng c d n
Tip thu kinh nghim qun l, cng ngh mi
Tng tim lc an ninh, quc phng ca quc gia
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 83
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 329
Chi ph kinh t x hi ca d n
u t c nh
t ai, nha xng, my mc thit b, chuyn giao
cng ngh, qun l, u t c nh khc
u t lu ng
Nguyn vt liu, bn thnh phm nhp khu, trong
nc
S dng dch v h tng trong nc nh in,
nc in thoi, nhin liu
Cc khon b gia hay tr gia ca chnh phu
S cn kit ca ti nguyn quc gia
S nhim mi trng sinh thi
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 330
2. Cc ch tiu nh gia hiu qu
kinh t - x hi
A.Cc ch tiu c lin quan n gia tr gia
tng
B.Cc ch tiu lin quan n lao ng
C.Cc ch tiu v ng gp cho ngn
sch
D.Cc ch tiu khc
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 331
A.Cc ch tiu c lin quan n
gia tr gia tng
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 332
1/Gi tr gia tng quc ni thun
Net Domestic Value Added - NDVA
L gia tr tng thm m d n ng gp vo s
tng trng ca tng sn phm quc ni (GDP)
Cng thc : NDVA = O (MI+I)
Trong :
O: Output Gia tr tng sn lng sn xut ra ca d n
I: Investment Chi ph u t vo ti sn c nh
MI: Material Input Chi ph chi cho vt cht tiu hao thng
xuyn ca d n (khng bao gm tin lng, chi ph cho lao
ng)
ngha: NDVA cng ln th gia tr ng gp ca d n
vo GDP va tng trng kinh t quc gia cng nhiu.
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 84
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 333
1/NDVA
Ch : NDVA c th tnh theo nm hoc theo
d n
Theo nm:
O : gia tr tng sn lng sn xut ra trong 1 nm
MI: tiu hao vt cht trong 1 nm
I: Khu hao ti sn c nh
Theo d n:
O: Gia tr tng sn lng sn xut ra trong tui tho
ca d n
MI: Tiu hao vt cht trong tui tho ca d n
I: Chi ph u t cho ti sn c nh
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 334
2/Gi tr gia tng quc dn thun
Net National Value Added (NNVA)
L gia tr tng thm m d n ng gp vo
s tng trng ca tng sn phm quc dn
(GNP).
Cng thc: NNVA = NDVA RP
Trong :
RP: Return of Payment - Tng cc khon phi
tra li cho i tc nc ngoi
ngha: NNVA cng ln th ng gp vo
GNP cng nhiu. Thc cht y l phn gia tr
gia tng quc ni thun tr i ton b phn gia
tr tng thm thuc s hu ca bn nc ngoi.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 335
Tng cc khon chuyn tra ra nc ngoi
(RP
t
: Return of Payment)
Thu nhp hng nm ca bn nc ngoi
Li nhun c chia hng nm ca bn nc ngoi
Vn u t thuc phn gp ca bn nc ngoi
Thu thu nhp doanh nghip hon li do ti u t
N gc va li vay ca cc khon vay nc ngoi
trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n
Gia tr cn li ca vn u t va vn ti u t chia
cho bn nc ngoi khi kt thc d n
Cc khon chuyn ra nc ngoi khc, cc khon
tin va ti sn hp php ca bn nc ngoi
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 336
3/Gi tr thng d x hi
Social Surplus - SS
L phn cn li ca gia tr gia tng quc dn
thun (NNVA) sau khi tr i thu nhp ca
cc lao ng trong nc (W)
Cng thc: SS = NNVA W
Trong :
W: Wages - Tin lng, cc chi ph cho ngi lao
ng nh bo him, tr cp
ngha: Gia tr thng d x hi ca d n
cng ln, s ng gp ca d n vo tng
trng x hi cng nhiu. SS >0 mi t c
mc tiu kinh t.
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 85
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 337
4/ Cc ch tiu tng i lin
quan n gia tr gia tng

>
FDI
DT V
NDVA
VDT
NNVA
DI
t hiu qu kinh t x hi: Pha i tc trong nc va ton b
Nn kinh t trong nc c li
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 338
B. Cc ch tiu c lin quan n
lao ng
* Tuyt i
1/ S lng lao ng
Khu vc nc ngoi s dng bao nhiu lao ng
S lng lao ng lm vic gin tip cho khu vc
u t nc ngoi
S lng lao ng b mt vic lm
2/ Tin lng
Tin lng tra cho ngi lao ng
Tng quy lng cho ngi lao ng
3/ Chi cho o to lao ng
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 339
B. Cc ch tiu c lin quan n
lao ng
* Tng i
1/ Sut u t: Tng VT/ Tng L
ngha: To mt vic lm trong khu vc c
vn u t nc ngoi cn bao nhiu vn
u t.
2/ Nng sut lao ng: NDVA/tng L
ngha: Mt vic lm trong khu vc c vn
u t nc ngoi to ra bao nhiu gia tr
gia tng quc ni thun.
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 340
B. Cc ch tiu c lin quan n
lao ng
* Cc ch tiu nh tnh:
Nng cao trnh ngi lao ng
Nng cao mc sng ngi lao ng

u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 86
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 341
C. Cc ch tiu v ng gp cho
ngn sch nha nc
S tin ng gp cho ngn sch
Ty l gia mc ng gp vo ngn sch
va tng vn u t
Ty l gia mc ng gp vo ngn sch
va tng thu ngn sch
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 342
D. Cc ch tiu KT-XH khc
1/Ch tiu tc ng ca u t nc ngoi n thu chi
ngoi t
Thu:
Gp vn u t nc ngoi
Xut khu
Chi:
Mua sm ti sn c nh, nguyn vt liu t nc ngoi
Tra lng cho ngi lao ng nc ngoi
Li nhun tra cho nha u t nc ngoi
Tit kim:
Gp phn sn xut hng hoa trong nc, cung cp hng hoa trong
nc thay v phi nhp khu
Ty gia thc t ca d n FDI:
Tng chi bng ni t/Tng thu bng ngoi t < ty gia hi oi trn thi
trng => tt cho c nha u t va nc nhn u t
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 343
D. Cc ch tiu KT-XH khc
2/ Cc ch tiu nh gia cng ngh
3/ Mc s dng nguyn vt liu trong
nc
Gia tr NVL trong nc/ tng gia tr NVL s dng
cho d n
4/Pht trin cc ngnh khc
5/ Mc thoa mn nhu cu ca ngi tiu
dng
6/ Gp phn pht trin kinh t - x hi ca a
phng
7/ nh hng ca d n n mi trng

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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 344
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 87
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 345
CHNG III
QUN L NH NC HOT NG FDI
TRNG I HC NGOI THNG
Khoa Kinh t v Kinh doanh Quc t
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 346
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 347
I. Khung php ly iu chnh hot ng FDI
Lut s 59/2005/QH11
Lut s 59/2005/QH11
Lut s 60/2005/QH11
Lut s 60/2005/QH11
N 108/2006/N-CP
N 108/2006/N-CP
Lut u t ban hnh
ngy 29/11/2005 iu
chnh hot ng u
t c trong nc va
nc ngoi
Lut doanh
nghip iu
chnh hot
ng ca cc
doanh nghip
thuc mi
thnh phn
kinh t ti VN
Quy nh chi
tit va hng
dn thi hnh
mt s iu ca
Lut u t
2005
I. Khung php
ly iu chnh hot
ng FDI
1.1. Cc vn bn php ly iu chnh
Ngun 1:Lut u t nm 2005 va cc nghi nh km theo
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 348
1.1 Cc vn bn php ly iu chnh
Ngun 2: Cc lut va quy nh ca cc
ngnh
Ngun 3: Lch trnh cam kt v cc dch
v c th theo tha thun gia nhp WTO
Ngun 4: Nhng hn ch v lut php
trong hot ng sp nhp va mua li
(M&A) i vi cc cng ty trong nc
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 88
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 349
Cc vn bn lin quan
Ngh nh 101/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph quy nh vic ng k li, chuyn i v ng k i Giy chng nhn u t ca cc
doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi theo quy nh ca Lut Doanh nghip v Lut u t 21/09/2006
Ngh quyt 13/NQ-CP ca Chnh ph v vic nh hng, gii php thu ht v qun l vn u t trc tip nc ngoi trong thi
gian ti 07/04/2009
Thng t 08/2008/TT-BLTBXH ca B Lao ng, Thng binh v X hi v vic hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Ngh nh s
34/2008/N-CP ngy 25/3/2008 ca Chnh ph v tuyn dng v qun l ngi nc ngoi lm vic ti Vit Nam 10/06/2008
Cng vn 2038/BKH-KTN ca B K hoch v u t bo co v vic thc hin ch bo co cc chng trnh, d n ODA
26/03/2008
Cng vn 7557/VPCP-MDN ca Vn phng Chnh ph v vic p dng Lut Doanh nghip i vi hnh thc cng ty m-cng ty
con c vn u t nc ngoi 28/12/2007
Ngh nh 139/2007/N-CP ca Chnh ph v vic hng dn chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Doanh nghip 05/09/2007
Ch th 15/2007/CT-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v mt s gii php ch yu nhm thc y u t nc ngoi vo Vit Nam
Ngh nh 90/2007/N-CP ca Chnh ph quy nh v quyn xut khu, quyn nhp khu ca thng nhn nc ngoi khng c
hin din ti Vit Nam 31/05/2007
Ngh nh 24/2007/N-CP ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit thi hnh Lut Thu thu nhp doanh nghip 14/02/2007
Ngh nh 23/2007/N-CP ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit Lut Thng mi v hot ng mua bn hng ho v cc
hot ng lin quan trc tip n mua bn hng ho ca doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi ti Vit Nam 12/02/2007
Cng vn 7400/BTM-KHT ca B Thng mi v vic bi b ph duyt nhp khu v xc nhn min thu nhp khu ca
doanh nghip FDI 28/11/2006
Quyt nh 55/2009/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v t l tham gia ca nh u t nc ngoi trn th trng chng
khon Vit Nam 15/04/2009
Ngh nh 78/2007/N-CP ca Chnh ph v u t theo hnh thc Hp ng Xy dng-Kinh doanh-Chuyn giao, Hp
ng Xy dng-Chuyn giao-Kinh doanh, Hp ng Xy dng-Chuyn giao 11/05/2007
Ngh nh 78/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph quy nh v u t trc tip ra nc ngoi 09/08/2006
Ngh nh 124/2008/N-CP ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Thu thu
nhp doanh nghip 11/12/2008
Lut thu thu nhp doanh nghip s 14/2008/QH12 ca Quc hi 12/06/2008
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 350
1.2. Ni dung qun ly nha
nc hot ng FDI ti VN
i. Xy dng va ch o thc hin cc chin
lcv u t pht trin
ii. Ban hnh v t chc thc hin cc vn bn
quy phm php lut v u t
iii. Hng dn, h tr va gii quyt vng
mc ca nha u t
iv. Cp, thu hi giy chng nhn u t
v. Hng dn, nh gia hiu qu u t,
thanh tra, gim st hot ng u t, gii
quyt khiu ni, khen thng va ky lut
vi. T chc hot ng o to ngun nhn lc
lin quan n hot ng u t
vii. T chc hot ng xc tin u t
I. Khung php
ly iu chnh hot
ng FDI
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 351
1.3 Chc nng qun ly ca cc c
quan nha nc c thm quyn
B xy dng Hot ng xy dng
B thng mi Hot ng thng mi
B ti nguyn, mi trng Ngun t ai (ti nguyn)
B LTB&XH Ngun lao ng
B Khoa hc, Cng ngh Ngun cng ngh, KCNC
Ngn hng nha nc Tn dng, qun ly ngoi hi
B Ti chnh Ngun vn, ti chnh
B chuyn ngnh Mt ngnh (Lnh vc)
UBND cp tnh (BQL KCN) Mt a phng (a bn)
Chnh phu qun ly
(B KH&T-MPI)
Ton b nn KTQD
I. Khung php
ly iu chnh hot
ng FDI
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 352
II. ng ky FDI
2.1 Cc lnh vc u t
Cc lnh vc b cm u t
Cc lnh vc u t c iu kin
Cc lnh vc u t c iu kin i vi
nha u t nc ngoi
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 89
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 353
Cc lnh vc b cm u t
iu 30 lut u t
1. Cc d n gy phng hi n quc phng,
an ninh quc gia v li ch cng cng.
2. Cc d n gy phng hi n di tch lch
s, vn ho, o c, thun phong m tc Vit
Nam.
3. Cc d n gy tn hi n sc khe nhn
dn, lm hy hoi ti nguyn, ph hy mi
trng.
4. Cc d n x l ph thi c hi a t bn
ngoi vo Vit Nam; sn xut cc loi ha cht
c hi hoc s dng tc nhn c hi b cm
theo iu c quc t.
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 354
Lnh vc u t c iu kin
a) Lnh vc tc ng n quc phng, an ninh quc
gia, trt t, an ton x hi;
b) Lnh vc ti chnh, ngn hng;
c) Lnh vc tc ng n sc khe cng ng;
d) Vn ha, thng tin, bo ch, xut bn;
) Dch v gii tr;
e) Kinh doanh bt ng sn;
g) Kho st, tm kim, thm d, khai thc ti nguyn
thin nhin; mi trng sinh thi;
h) Pht trin s nghip gio dc v o to;
i) Mt s lnh vc khc theo quy nh ca php lut.
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 355
Lnh vc u t c iu kin i vi
nha u t nc ngoi
Pht thanh va truyn hnh
Sn xut, xut bn va phn phi cc sn phm vn ha
Khai thc va ch bin khong sn
Vin thng va cc dch v internet
Xy dng va vn hnh cng va sn bay
Vn chuyn hng ha va hnh khch
nh bt c
Sn xut thuc l
Bt ng sn
Xut nhp khu va phn phi
Gio dc va o to
Bnh vin va cc dch v khm cha bnh
Cc lnh vc khc theo cc iu c quc t
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 356
Cc lnh vc dch v b hn ch tip nhn FDI
theo tha thun gia nhp WTO
1. Cc dch v kinh doanh
2. Vin thng
3. Xy dng va cng trnh
4. Phn phi
5. Gio dc
6. Cc dch v mi trng
7. Cc dch v ti chnh
8. Y t
9. Du lch va l hnh
10. Gii tr, vn ha va th thao
11. Vn ti
Ngun: WTO
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 90
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 357
Cc lnh vc khng cam kt t do
ha y u
Vin thng
Phn phi
Vn ti
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 358
Cc lnh vc u i u t
1. Sn xut vt liu mi, nng lng mi; sn xut sn phm
cng ngh cao, cng ngh sinh hc, cng ngh thng tin; c kh
ch to.
2. Nui trng, ch bin nng, lm, thu sn; lm mui; sn xut
ging nhn to, ging cy trng v ging vt nui mi.
3. S dng cng ngh cao, k thut hin i; bo v mi trng
sinh thi; nghin cu, pht trin v m to cng ngh cao.
4. S dng nhiu lao ng.
5. Xy dng v pht trin kt cu h tng, cc d n quan trng,
c quy m ln.
6. Pht trin s nghip gio dc, o to, y t, th dc, th thao
v vn ha dn tc.
7. Pht trin ngnh, ngh truyn thng.
8. Nhng lnh vc sn xut, dch v khc cn khuyn khch.
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 359
2.2 Cc hnh thc cho php FDI
iu 21 Lut u t
1. Thnh lp t chc kinh t 100% vn ca nh u t
trong nc hoc 100% vn ca nh u t nc ngoi.
2. Thnh lp t chc kinh t lin doanh gia cc nh
u t trong nc v nh u t nc ngoi.
3. u t theo hnh thc hp ng BCC, hp ng
BOT, hp ng BTO, hp ng BT.
4. u t pht trin kinh doanh.
5. Mua c phn hoc gp vn tham gia qun l
hot ng u t.
6. u t thc hin vic sp nhp v mua li doanh
nghip.
7. Cc hnh thc u t trc tip khc.
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 360
III. Thnh lp FDI
Cc d n bn
trong cc khu CN
a c TTCP
chp thun chu
trng u t
Cc d n u t
pht trin kt cu
h tng cc khu
CN
Cc d n ngoi cc
KCN, KCX, KCNC,
KCT c thu
tng chnh phu chp
thun chu trng u
t
D n u t pht
trin cc khu CN ni
trn nu cha thnh
lp ban qun ly
Cc d n u t khng
phn bit ngun vn, quy
m u t trong nhng lnh
vc c tc ng nh hng
ln n kinh t x hi ca
Vit Nam (iu 37 LT )
Cc d n c quy m vn
1.500 t VN (gn 100
triu USD) tr ln trong
cc lnh vc: Kinh doanh
in, ch bin khong sn,
luyn kim, xy dng kt
cu h tng ng, sn
xut kinh doanh ru bia
Ban qun l
KCN
y ban nhn
dn cp tnh
Th tng
chnh phu
3.1. Thm quyn chp thun va cp giy chng nhn u
t
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 91
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 361
15 ngy
Di
300 ty VN
(20 triu USD)
+
ng ky
Thm tra 1
Thm tra 2
Thm tra 3
Khng thuc
DM lnh vc u
t c iu kin
-
+
+
+
-
-
-
+
1.Vn bn ng k u t/
ngh cp GCNT
2. Hp ng HTKD (nu c);
3. Bo co nng lc ti chnh
4.H s ng k kinh doanh
(nu c)
5.Hp ng lin doanh (nu c)
6. Vn bn xc nhn t cch
php l ca nh u t
7. Gii trnh kinh t - k thut
8.Gii trnh kh nng
p ng iu kin
()
()
3.2 Quy trnh cp giy chng nhn u t
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 362
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 363
kin
TT
7 ngy LV
Ly kin
3 ngy LV
Nha T
DATT
Chnh phu
chp thun
B ngnh
Lin quan
Th tng
1
0
b

H
S
C quan
cp GCNT
Tra li
15 ngy LV
T, trnh
25 ngy LV
C
p G
C
N

T 5 n
gy
L
V
3.2. Quy trnh cp giy chng nhn u t
Chu : Sao gi GCNT a cp n cc n v lin quan: 7 ngy LV
C quan tip nhn h s d n: S K hoch v u t, Ban Qun l
Nha T
DAK
C quan
cp GCNT
H s hp l
Cp GCNT
15 ngy LV
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 364
UBND
cp tnh
Nha T
DATT#
B ngnh
Lin quan
8
b

H
S
S KH&T
Tra li
15 ngy LV
T, trnh
20 ngy LV
Cp GCNT
5 ngy LV
Ly kin
3 ngy LV
Nha T
DATT#
B ngnh
Lin quan
8
b

H
S
Ban
Qun ly
Tra li
15 ngy LV
Ly kin
3 ngy LV
C
p G
C
N

T 20 ng
y
LV
3.2. Quy trnh cp giy chng nhn u t
Chu : Sao gi GCNT a cp n cc n v lin quan: 7 ngy LV
C quan tip nhn h s d n: S K hoch v u t, Ban Qun l
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 92
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 365 Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 366
3.3. Ni dung thm tra u t
S ph hp vi quy hoch
Nhu cu s dng t
Tin thc hin d n
Gii php v mi trng
D n
c quy m
trn 300 ty VN
(20 triu USD)
Thm tra kh nng p ng iu kin
D n
thuc lnh vc
u t c iu kin
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 367
III. i ng va bo v FDI
Tng thch vi TRIMS (iu 8 T4 LT)
i x cng bng (iu 4 T3 LT)
Tham gia cc hip nh u t song
phng va a phng tun theo cc
chun mc quc t (Chng II T6 LT)
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 368
IV. Cc bin php chung iu tit
kinh doanh
1. Qun tr doanh nghip va Lut Doanh
nghip (61 IPR)
2. Chnh sch thu
3. Cc ch v ngoi hi va chuyn tin
4. Quy nh v lao ng
5. Tuyn dng vi ngi nc ngoi
6. t ai
7. Cc quy nh v mi trng
8. Qun ly nha nc va h thng t php

u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 93
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 369
1. Lut doanh nghip 2005
va qun tr doanh nghip
Lut doanh nghip 2005 thng nht
khun kh php ly va khung iu tit i
vi tt c cc n v kinh doanh, bt k
n thuc s hu trong nc hay ngoi
nc, nha nc hay t nhn
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 370
1. Lut doanh nghip 2005
va qun tr doanh nghip
Cng ty trch nhim hu hn: C th do mt
hoc nhiu ngi s hu (ti a 50 ngi)
trong o ngha v php ly ca h c gii
hn trong mc vn gp.
Cng ty c phn:
Phi c t nht ba c ng ngha v php ly ca h
c gii hn trong mc vn gp.
c php pht hnh c phiu thng hoc c
phiu u i.
Cu trc qun tr theo chun mc quc t
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 371
1. Lut doanh nghip 2005
va qun tr doanh nghip
C th gp vn di nhiu hnh thc
Cc c ng thiu s vn c bo v
(nghi nh 139/2007/N-CP)
Cc doanh nghip c vn u t nc
ngoi thnh lp trc khi Lut u t
2005 c hiu lc c chn:
Khng lm gi c
ng ky li (nghi nh 101/2006/N-CP)
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 372
2. Chnh sch thu
Thu gia tr gia tng (IPR 64)
Lut thu GTGT s 13/2008/QH13
Phng thc: tn dng u vo u ra
25 loi hng ha min tr VAT
Cc mc chu thu VAT
0%: hng ha, dch v xut khu; dch v vn ti quc t
5%: hng ha, dch v l u vo ca sn xut nng
nghip v hng ha, dch v thit yu cho sn xut v i
sng gm 15 nhm
10%: hng ha, dch v cn li
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 94
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 373
Thu thu nhp doanh nghip
Cc vn bn quan trng
Lut thu thu nhp doanh nghip s
14/2008/QH12
Nghi nh 124/2008/N-CP ngy 11/12/2008
Thng t 130/2008/TT-BTC ngy 26/12/2008
Thng t 177/2008/TT-BTC ngy 10/9/2009
Cng vn s 4121/TCT-CS ngy 6/10/2009
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 374
Thu thu nhp doanh nghip
i tng np thu: cc doanh nghip thuc mi
thnh phn kinh t, cc t chc, cc n v s nghip.
C nhn, h kinh doanh np thu theo Lut thu Thu
nhp c nhn
Thu sut ph thng: 25%*, c bit: 32-50%
Thu sut u i: 10%, 20%*
Lnh vc u i: Thu hp ng k
Thay i u i: p dng u i cao hn gia lut
2003 va 2008
Chuyn l: ti a 5 nm
Khu hao: tng thch vi vng i kinh t ca sn
phm
B ti chnh gim st, Tng cc thu thc hin, chia
thnh cc v kim sot tng khu vc doanh nghip,
S thu cp tnh va huyn h tr
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 375
Thu thu nhp doanh nghip
p dng thu sut u i c th:
Doanh nghip mi:
Ti a bn c iu kin kinh t x hi c bit kh khn, khu cng ngh
cao, khu kinh t*, mt s ngnh kinh t trng im mi nhn: 10% trong
15 nm
Ti a bn c iu kin kinh t x hi kh khn: 20% trong 10 nm.
Ti khu cng nghip, khu ch xut khng c hng u i thu
Doanh nghip khc:
Hot ng trong lnh vc gio dc - o to, dy ngh, y t, vn ho, th
thao v mi trng: 10% trong sut thi gian hot ng
Cc hnh thc u i thu:
Min: 2-4 nm u
Gim 50%: 4-9 nm tip theo
Gim cn 10%, 20%: nm th 7-15 hoc sut thi gian hot ng
Xem iu 15, 16 nghi nh 124/2008/N-CP
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 376
u i c
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 95
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 377
u i c
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 378
Hip nh trnh nh thu hai ln
DTT
Vit Nam a ky DTT vi 46 nc*
Hin nay Vit Nam khng nh thu ln
c tc tra cho ngi nc ngoi
Cc mc thu nh trn thu nhp ni
chung ca nha TNN thng c quy
nh l 10% trong cc DTT
DTT hin ti cho php chnh phu nh
thu trong tng lai nu mun
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 379
Thu thu nhp c nhn
Cc vn bn quan trng:
Lut thu thu nhp c nhn s 04/2007/QH12
ngy 21/11/2007
Nghi quyt 32/2009/NQ-QH12 ngy 19/6/2009
Thng t 27/2009/TT-BTC ngy 6/2/2009
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 380
Thu thu nhp c nhn*
35 >80 >960 7
30 >55-80 >660-960 6
25 >35-55 >420-660 5
20 >20-35 >240-420 4
15 >10-20 >120-240 3
10 >5-10 >60-120 2
5 5 60 1
Thu
sut
(%)
Thu nhp tnh thu/thng
(triu ng)
Thu nhp tnh thu/nm
(triu ng)
Bc
thu
Biu thu lu tin tng phn
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 96
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 381
Biu thu ton phn
25
2
e) Thu nhp t chuyn nhng bt ng sn
Trng hp khng xc nh c thu nhp tnh thu
th p dng thu sut tnh trn gi bn
20
0,1
) Thu nhp t chuyn nhng vn
Thu nhp t chuyn nhng chng khon p dng
thu thu theo tng phn
10 d) Thu nhp t tha k, qu tng
10 c) Thu nhp t trng thng
5 b) Thu nhp t bn quyn, nhng quyn thng mi
5 a) Thu nhp t u t vn
Thu sut
(%)
Thu nhp tnh thu
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 382
Thu nhp khu
Nhp khu t hu ht cc nc s c hng u
i MFN, dao ng t 0%-60%, mt s hng ha c
bit chu thu 150%
Thu nhp khu da trn khi lng a gim: 21,1%
(1994)-14,7% (2005)
Min thu nhp khu:
1) nhp khu my mc tm thi;
2) nguyn liu nhp khu phc v ch bin xut khu;
3) hng ha nhp khu l ti sn c nh cho cc d n u
t ti cc khu vc hoc trong cc lnh vc c u tin;
4) nguyn liu th va u vo cho cc d n u t ti cc
khu vc hoc trong cc lnh vc c u tin cho thi hn ti a
l 5 nm;
5) nguyn liu sn xut do cc doanh nghip BOT nhp khu.
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 383
Th tc hi quan
Lut Hi quan nm 2001 (sa i 2005)
Hi quan phi hon tt mi thu tc trong
vng 8h lm vic i vi hng ha kim
tra ngu nhin, hai ngy lm vic vi
hng ha kim tra ton din
Tng cc Hi quan xy dng chin lc
pht trin n nm 2010
ang xy dng h thng Hi quan in
t
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 384
3. C ch ngoi hi va chuyn tin
Php lnh nm 2005 v Qun ly ngoi
hi
Cc giao dch vng lai c tin hnh t
do
Vit Nam c c ch ti gia hi oi thng
thng (IMF)
Ngi sinh sng Vit Nam c quyn
m ti khon ngoi t
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 97
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 385
3. C ch ngoi hi va chuyn tin
Nha u t c chuyn ra nc ngoi cc
thu nhp sau y sau khi a hon tt mi
ngha v v ti chnh i vi nha nc (iu 9
LT05):
a) Li nhun thu c t hot ng kinh doanh;
b) Nhng khon tin tr cho vic cung cp k thut,
dch v, s hu tr tu;
c) Tin gc v li cc khon vay nc ngoi;
d) Vn u t, cc khon thanh l u t;
) Cc khon tin v ti sn khc thuc s hu hp
php ca nh u t.
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 386
3. C ch ngoi hi va chuyn tin
Nha u t nc ngoi cng c m ti
khon ngoi hi dnh cho vn FDI, mt s
giao dch gia Vit Nam va nc ngoi phi
c trung chuyn qua ti khon ny bao
gm:
Vn gp
Gc va li tra n nc ngoi
C tc hoc li sut ca vn
Thu nhp va gii ngn khc lin quan n u t
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 387
4. Cc quy nh v lao ng
Cc vn bn quan trng:
B Lut lao ng nm 1994 sa i nm 2002
Nghi nh 34/2008/N-CP v tuyn dng va qun ly
ngi nc ngoi lm vic ti Vit Nam thay th
cho N105/2003/N-CP
Nghi nh 98/2009/N-CP ngy 30/10/2009 v mc
lng ti thiu hiu lc ngy 1/1/2010 thay th nghi
nh 111/2008/N-CP
Thng t 08/2008/TT-BLTBXH hng dn ngh
nh 34/2008/N-CP
Thng t 40/2009/TT-LTBXH hng dn cch
tnh s lao ng s dng thng xuyn
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 388
4. Cc quy nh v lao ng
Lut lao ng 1994 sa i nm 2002
Mt s quy nh quan trng trong Lut lao ng l:
Lao ng phi t 15 tui tr ln
Mi s phn bit v gii tnh, tng lp xa hi, ngun gc, tn gio,
hay c tin u l vi phm php lut
C 3 loi hp ng lao ng: hp ng khng thi hn, hp ng c
thi hn t 1-3 nm va ch c gia hn mt ln, hp ng lao ng
cho mt cng vic c th hoc theo ma v di 12 thng
Thi gian th vic: khng qu 30 ngy hoc 60 ngy i vi cc v tr
i hi ky nng c bit hoc ky nng ky thut cao, lng th vic
thng chim t nht l 70% mc lng y u
Thi vic hoc sa thi: bo trc 45 ngy
Ngi lao ng c cp s lao ng
Mt tun 6 ngy lm vic, mt ngy 8h lm vic
Vt gi ti a 4h mi ngy, 200h mi nm
Bo him xa hi: 15% chu lao ng ng, 5% ngi lao ng ng
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 98
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 389
4. Cc quy nh v lao ng
Mc lng ti thiu trong doanh nghip FDI*:
1.340.000 VN vng I, 1.190.000 VN vng II,
1.040.000 VN vng III, 1.000.000 vng IV (xem phu
lc cc vng trong nghi nh 98/2009/N-CP)
Ph bi thng sa thi lao ng:
Mt thng lng nu lao ng a lm vic 2* thng
tr ln
Cng on phi c thnh lp vi cc cng
ty c 10 lao ng tr ln
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 390
4. Cc quy nh v lao ng
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 391
Quyn nh cng
Ch c php khi c hn mt na s
ch ky ca lao ng l thnh vin cng
on
Phi bo trc cho chu lao ng, c
quan phu trch lao ng a phng va
lin on lao ng cp tnh thnh
Khng c p cc lao ng khc
ngng lm vic
->hu ht nh cng l bt hp php
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 392
5. Thu lao ng l ngi nc
ngoi
Quy nh c: Nguyn
tc
Ch thu lao ng
nc ngoi khi khng
c lao ng u phm
cht phu hp l ngi
Vit Nam
LNN ch c lm
cc v tr cng vic i
hi ky nng cao
Chu lao ng phi o
to lao ng VN thay
th nhanh nht c th
Quy nh mi: ngi
nc ngoi lm vic
ti Vit Nam
Theo hnh thc di
chuyn ni b
doanh nghip
cho bn dch
v
thc hin cc
loi hp ng
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 99
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 393
5. Thu lao ng l ngi nc
ngoi
Quy nh c:
Ngi nc ngoi khng c chim nhiu
hn 3% trong tng s lao ng ca cc
doanh nghip
Ngoi l: Cc c quan i din va chi nhnh
ca cc t chc kinh t, thng mi, ti
chnh, gio dc va y t, cc t chc t vn
php lut nhng phi c php ca chu
tch UBND
Quy nh mi:?
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 394
5. Thu lao ng l ngi nc
ngoi
Thi hn giy php lao ng cho ngi
NN: 3 nm, c gia hn mt ln, nu
tip tc gia hn phi c php ca chu
tch UBND cp tnh
Giy php lao ng cp ring vi giy
chng nhn thng tru
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 395
6. t ai
Cc vn bn quan trng
Lut t ai s 13/2003/QH11
Nghi nh 188/2004/N-CP va
123/2007/N-CP v phng php xc nh
gia t
Thng t 145/2007/TT-BTC hng dn
thc hin hai nghi nh trn
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 396
6. t ai
t ai VN thuc v Nhn dn trong
o Nha nc l i din s hu
Quyn s hu t nhn i vi t ai
xc nh bi Quyn s dng t
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 100
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 397
6. t ai
3 loi quyn s hu t:
Cp t
Cng nhn quyn s dng t
Cho thu t: hnh thc duy nht i vi
nha TNN c th c quyn s dng t
trong mt thi gian c th
Thi gian thu t: ti a 50 nm theo
giy CNT, c th gia hn nhng khng
quy nh c th
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 398
6. t ai
Quyn s dng t cng c th c
trao i, chuyn nhng, cho thu, thu
khon, tha k, hi mn, th chp hoc
s dng gp vn trong cc d n u
t
Quyn s dng t khng c ng ky
cng ti sn c xy dng trn din
tch t o
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 399
6. t ai
Nha u t c 2 la chn c t cho
d n u t:
Giao dch trc tip vi nha nc: thu t,
khng c thu t cc h gia nh, cc c
nhn hoc cc cng ng ti VN
Giao dch vi cc t chc trong nc va
nc ngoi: thu khon
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 400
6. t ai
Gia tr quyn s dng t c m
phn t do
Khung gia t do nha nc quy nh l
cn c thc hin cc giao dch nh
thanh ton ph va thu s dng t:
Thu t: 0,5%gi t/nm
Nm 2007, gia t thnh thi dao ng t
15.000 ng n 47810 ng/1m2*
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 101
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 401
Thu hi t
Cc trng hp b thu hi t:
V mc tiu quc phng, an ninh quc gia, v
li ch quc gia, li ch chung hoc pht
trin kinh t
T chc nm quyn s dng t b gii th
hoc pha sn
t c s dng khng ng mc ch va
phi hiu qu
t b tn pha mt cch c thc
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 402
Thu hi t
Kha nng b thu hi t v mc tiu pht trin
kinh t:
S pht trin ca cc khu hoc cc vng kinh t
hoc cng nghip
u t t ngun vn ODA
u t trong lnh vc c khch l c bit khng
th nm trong KCN hoc cc vng kinh t
Cc d n 100% vn TNN khng th nm trong
KCN hoc cc vng kinh t
Vic thu hi phi c bo trc 90 ngy i
vi t nng nghip va 180 ngy i vi t
phi nng nghip
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 403
7. Cc quy nh v mi trng
Lut bo v mi trng s 52/2005/QH11
Phn cp chc nng cho chnh quyn a
phng
Nguyn tc:
Mc tiu pht trin bn vng
Ngn nga
Ph gy nhim
Khuyn khch cc cng ngh thn thin vi mi
trng
Khuyn khch hnh vi tiu dng thn thin vi mi
trng
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 404
7. Cc quy nh v mi trng
Vic nh gia mi trng c yu cu
i vi mi quyt nh khoanh vng s
dng t ai
nh gia tc ng mi trng: bt buc vi
nhng d n c nh hng n mi trng
Cc bin php bo v mi trng: tt c cc
d n
Yu cu c th v bo v mi trng: cc
hot ng sn xut, dch v, bnh vin, vn
ti, khai thc, du lch hoc nng nghip
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 102
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 405
7. Cc quy nh v mi trng
nh gia va thng qua: B ti nguyn va
mi trng (45 ngy), Cc b va UBND
cp tnh (30 ngy)
Cc trng hp vi phm: phi lm sch,
phc hi, bi thng cho nhng mt mt
ca bn th ba, c th chu trch nhim
hnh s
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 406
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 407
8. Qun ly nha nc va h thng t
php
Lut chng tham nhng nm 2005
Cc c quan: y ban ch o chng tham
nhng quc gia, Ban thanh tra chnh v, Kim
ton nha nc va Vin kim st nhn dn
Hi quan, cc c quan qun ly t ai, s
thu??
Sc lnh nm 2003 v Trng ti: quyt nh
trng ti l quyt nh cui cng va c tnh
rng buc
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 408
9. Cc quy nh v cnh tranh
Lut cnh tranh nm 2004
Nghi nh 116/2005/N-CP
Cm:
Cc tp qun kim ch cnh tranh
Cc tp qun cnh tranh khng lnh mnh
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 103
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 409
Cc tp qun kim ch cnh tranh
Cc tha thun v kim ch cnh tranh:
nh gia, nh thi phn, kim sot s lng
(ti thiu 30% thi trng c lin quan)
Cu kt bo thu, tha thun ngn nga
hoc cn tr gia nhp thi trng ca mt
chu th mi
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 410
Cc tp qun kim ch cnh tranh
Lm dng v tr thng lnh thi trng va v tr c
quyn: 1,2,3,4 cng ty thng lnh thi trng (chim
30%, 50%, 65%, 75% thi trng lin quan) b cm
Bn vi mc gia thp hn chi ph
Hn ch sn xut
p dng cc iu kin khc nhau cho cc loi hnh giao dch
nh nhau
Tp trung kinh t: l cc hot ng lin kt, thn tnh,
hp nht va lin doanh b cm nu:
B cm nu kim sot mt thi trng phi hp >50%
Phi bo trc vi c quan qun ly nu kim sot t 30%-
50% thi trng lin quan
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 411
Cc tp qun cnh tranh khng
lnh mnh b cm
Xm phm b mt kinh doanh
Phn bit bng hip hi
Bn hng a cp phi php
Bi xu
p buc trong kinh doanh
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 412
Thc hin lut cnh tranh
H thng th ch i:
Cc qun ly cnh tranh (VCAD) (b Tmai)
iu tra va gii quyt cc tp qun cnh tranh khng lnh
mnh
Kim sot qu trnh tp trung kinh t
iu tra cc tp qun kim ch cnh tranh VCC gii
quyt
Xy dng h thng thng tin doanh nghip c quyn
Hi ng cnh tranh (VCC) (11 thnh vin:3 th
trng va thnh vin cc b)
VCC x ly cc hnh vi kim ch cnh tranh, tr tp trung
kinh t
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 104
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 413 Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 414
Nhiu v vi phm Lut Cnh tranh vn gn nh
bnh yn v s.
Hip hi Thp Vit Nam ra ngh quyt n nh gi bn
(yu cu cc thnh vin 13,7- 14 triu ng/tn thp),
v Hip hi Bo him Vit Nam thng nht nng mc
ph bo him ln 3,95%/nm cho tt c cc i tng
khch hng.
V Cng ty C phn Xng du Hng khng (Vinapco),
li dng v tr l doanh nghip bn nhin liu bay duy
nht trn th trng, n phng chm dt bn hng
cho Jestar Pacific Airlines...
gn mt nm xy ra cc v vic, Cc Qun l Cnh
tranh vn cha i n mt kt lun no x pht.
Theo TS. L ng Doanh, chng c quyn Vit
Nam phc tp hn nhiu so vi cc quc gia khc, v
cc cng ty c c v tr c quyn khng t qu
trnh cnh tranh, m do s ng h ca Nh nc.
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 415
10. Lut s hu tr tu
Lut s hu tr tu nm 2005
Tng thch vi TRIPS
Quy nh ro cc quyn:
Quyn tc gia va cc quyn lin quan
Quyn s hu cng nghip
Cc ging cy trng
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 416
Quyn tc gia va cc quyn lin
quan
Quyn o c: bo v tuyt i
Quyn kinh t: bo v trong 50 nm t
khi cng b hoc trong ton b cuc i
tc gia n sau khi mt 50 nm
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 105
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 417
Quyn s hu cng nghip
Bng pht minh sng ch: bo v 20
nm
Sng ch v gii php hu ch: 10 nm
Sng ch v kiu dng cng nghip: 5
nm (va c gia hn 2 ln)
Thit k mch tch hp: 5-10 nm
Thng hiu: 10 nm, c gia hn lin
tc
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 418
Gii hn trong quyn s hu tr tu
Vic thc thi quyn SHTT khng c
xm phm li ch chung
Nha nc c th cm hoc hn ch vic
thc thi quyn SHTT v nhng ly do
chnh ng nh bo v quc phng, an
ninh quc gia
License bt buc phi thc hin trong
bn trng hp
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 419
Cc bin gip gii quyt hnh vi vi
phm
Cc bin php hnh chnh
Cc bin php dn s
T tng hnh s
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 420
92% phn mm b sao chp, 8% lng
thuc Vit Nam l thuc gi, cc loi
du gi u, m phm, cc loi ph tng
xe my gi c by bn cng khai,.. H
qu cc sn phm khng an ton cho
ngi tiu dng v phi tr gi rt ln v
mt kinh t.
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 106
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 421
11. Chuyn giao cng ngh
Lut chuyn giao cng ngh
80/2006/QH11
Ngh nh 133/2008 N-CP hng dn
Lut CGCN ngy 31/12/2008
Nghi nh 49/2009/N-CP v x pht vi
phm hnh chnh trong CGCN
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 422
11. Chuyn giao cng ngh
Lut chuyn giao cng ngh 2006
CGCN c khuyn khch:
To ra cc sn phm mi va c tnh cnh tranh cao
To ra cc ngnh cng nghip hoc dch v mi
Tit kim nguyn liu hoc nguyn liu th
Bo v sc khe con ngi va cc mc tiu khc
CGCN b hn ch:
CGCN b cm:
Khng m bo yu cu v an ton, v sinh lao ng, bo v
mi trng va con ngi
Gy tn hi cho pht trin kinh t xa hi
i ngc cc iu c quc t
L b mt quc gia
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 423
u i thu cho CGCN
Min thu thu nhp cho n v gp vn bng
pht minh sng ch hoc nhng quyn cng
ngh
Min thu nhp khu va thu VAT i vi
hng ha nhp khu s dng trc tip
trong pht trin khoa hc va cng ngh
Min thu thu nhp va 50% thu ngy nghi p
dng cho 9 nm u t trong lnh vc cng
ngh
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 424
13. C phn ha cc doanh nghip
nha nc
Quyt nh nm 2007 ca TTCP quy
nh:
19 lnh vc duy tr cc doanh nghip quc
doanh 100% thuc quyn s hu ca nha
nc
27 ngnh trong o nha nc tip tc nm
trn 50% vn ca doanh nghip quc doanh
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 107
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 425
Doanh nghip quc doanh 100%
thuc quyn s hu NN
Khai thc, cc sn phm ha cht c hi, tn
la va n dc
Pht in, sn xut in quy m ln c tm
quan trng c bit v kinh t xa hi
Qun ly va vn hnh h thng ng st quc
gia va ng st thi, cc sn bay, cng
bin ln
i pht thanh, i truyn hnh, xut bn va
bo ch
Cc th ch tn dng phc v pht trin KTXH
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 426
27 ngnh nha nc nm trn 50%
vn ca DNQD
Bo dng h thng ng st quc gia
Qun ly va vn hnh cc cng bin (ngoi cc
cng bin ln)
Sn xut in vi sn lng u ra t 100
MW tr ln
Khai thc khong sn, du m va khi t nhin
Cung cp h tng mng vin thng
Bn bun thc phm
Bun bn tin t
Bo him
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 427
Doanh nghip nha nc
Thuc s hu cc B hoc chnh quyn
a phng
Nha nc phi phn tch chc nng
thc hin quyn s hu i vi doanh
nghip nha nc va chc nng qun ly
hnh chnh ca nha nc (iu 168 Lut
DN 2005)
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 428
14. Cc tha c quc t va thng
mi quc t
ASEAN va AFTA 1995 (gim thu nhp
khu t cc nc ASEAN xung cn 0-
5% vo nm 2006)
Hip nh thng mi song phng Vit
Nam- Hoa Ky 2001 iu chnh thng
mi hng ha, thng mi dch v, s
hu tr tu, u t
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 108
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 429
14. Cc tha c quc t va thng
mi quc t
WTO (11/1/2007): VN l thnh vin ca
GATS, TRIPS, TRIMS
Trong khun kh m phn song
phng, Vit Nam vn b i x l nn
kinh t phi thi trng cho n 12 nm
sau khi gia nhp- VN b bt li khi nh
gia mc bn pha gia
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 430
U T CHNG KHON
NC NGOI TI VIT NAM
Regulations on foreign portfolio in
Vietnam
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 431
QUYT NH 55/2009/Q-TTg V t l tham gia
ca nh u t nc ngoi trn th trng
chng khon Vit Nam
iu 2. Nh u t nc ngoi mua, bn chng khon trn th
trng chng khon Vit Nam c nm gi:
1. i vi c phiu: ti a 49% tng s c phiu ca cng ty c
phn i chng.
Trng hp php lut chuyn ngnh c quy nh khc th p
dng theo quy nh ca php lut chuyn ngnh. Trng hp t
l s hu bn nc ngoi c phn loi theo danh mc cc
ngnh ngh c th th p dng theo danh mc phn loi.
2. i vi chng ch qu u t i chng: ti a 49% tng s
chng ch qu u t ca mt qu u t chng khon i
chng.
3. i vi cng ty u t chng khon i chng: ti a 49% vn
iu l ca mt cng ty u t chng khon i chng.
4. i vi tri phiu: t chc pht hnh c th quy nh gii hn t
l nm gi i vi tri phiu lu hnh ca t chc pht hnh.
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 432
iu 3. T chc kinh doanh chng khon nc ngoi
c tham gia thnh lp cng ty chng khon, cng ty
qun l qu ti Vit Nam nh sau:
1. Ch c t chc kinh doanh chng khon nc ngoi
c gp vn, mua c phn thnh lp cng ty chng
khon. T l tham gia gp vn ca bn nc ngoi ti
a l 49% vn iu l ca cng ty chng khon.
2. Ch c t chc kinh doanh chng khon nc ngoi
c nghip v qun l qu u t chng khon, t chc
kinh doanh bo him nc ngoi c gp vn, mua
c phn thnh lp cng ty qun l qu. T l tham gia
gp vn ca bn nc ngoi ti a l 49% vn iu l
ca cng ty qun l qu.
QUYT NH 55/2009/Q-TTg V t l tham gia
ca nh u t nc ngoi trn th trng
chng khon Vit Nam
u t nc ngoi - lp tn ch K47
@ Phan Th Vn 2009 109
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 433
QUYT NH
88/2009/Q-TTg V vic ban hnh Quy ch gp vn, mua c phn
ca nh u t nc ngoi trong cc doanh nghip Vit Nam
QUY CH Gp vn, mua c phn ca nh u t nc ngoi
trong cc doanh nghip Vit Nam
iu 3. Mc gp vn, mua c phn
1. Nh u t nc ngoi mua c phn ca cc cng
ty i chng theo t l quy nh ca php lut v
chng khon v cc vn bn hng dn lin quan.
2. Nh u t nc ngoi gp vn, mua c phn ca
doanh nghip Vit Nam hot ng trong lnh vc,
ngnh ngh thuc php lut chuyn ngnh theo t l
quy nh ca php lut chuyn ngnh .
3. T l gp vn, mua c phn ca nh u t nc
ngoi trong cc doanh nghip Vit Nam kinh doanh
thng mi dch v tun theo cc iu c quc t m
Vit Nam l thnh vin.
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 434
QUYT NH
88/2009/Q-TTg V vic ban hnh Quy ch gp vn, mua c phn
ca nh u t nc ngoi trong cc doanh nghip Vit Nam
QUY CH Gp vn, mua c phn ca nh u t nc ngoi trong
cc doanh nghip Vit Nam
iu 3. Mc gp vn, mua c phn
4. i vi doanh nghip Vit Nam hot ng a ngnh ngh, a
lnh vc, bao gm c mt s ngnh ngh, lnh vc c quy nh
khc nhau v t l tham gia ca nh u t nc ngoi th nh
u t nc ngoi c gp vn, mua c phn khng qu mc
ca ngnh ngh, lnh vc c quy nh t l tham gia ca nh u
t nc ngoi thp nht.
5. i vi doanh nghip 100% vn nh nc thc hin chuyn
i s hu, nh u t nc ngoi gp vn, mua c phn theo t
l ti phng n c cp c thm quyn ph duyt, nhng
khng vt mc quy nh nu doanh nghip chuyn i hot
ng trong cc lnh vc thuc cc trng hp nu ti khon 2, 3,
4 iu ny.
6. Ngoi cc trng hp nu trn, nh u t nc ngoi c
gp vn, mua c phn trong cc doanh nghip Vit Nam vi mc
khng hn ch.
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 435
iu 4. Cc hnh thc gp vn, mua c phn
1. Gp vn:
a) Nh u t nc ngoi mua li phn vn gp ca thnh vin cng ty
trch nhim hu hn, gp vn vo cng ty trch nhim hu hn tr
thnh thnh vin mi ca cng ty trch nhim hu hn hai thnh vin tr
ln hoc mua li ton b s vn iu l ca ch s hu trong cng ty
trch nhim hu hn mt thnh vin tr thnh ch s hu mi ca
cng ty trch nhim hu hn mt thnh vin;
b) Nh u t nc ngoi mua li phn vn gp ca thnh vin gp vn
trong cng ty hp danh hoc gp vn vo cng ty hp danh tr thnh
thnh vin gp vn mi.
Nh u t nc ngoi l c nhn mua li phn vn gp ca thnh vin
hp danh trong cng ty hp danh hoc gp vn vo cng ty hp danh
tr thnh thnh vin hp danh mi, sau khi c s chp thun ca cc
thnh vin hp danh cn li.
c) Nh u t nc ngoi mua li mt phn vn ca ch doanh nghip
t nhn hoc gp vn vi ch doanh nghip t nhn chuyn i
doanh nghip t nhn thnh cng ty trch nhim hu hn hai thnh vin
tr ln v tr thnh thnh vin ca cng ty trch nhim hu hn hai
thnh vin tr ln.
QUYT NH
88/2009/Q-TTg V vic ban hnh Quy ch gp vn, mua c phn
ca nh u t nc ngoi trong cc doanh nghip Vit Nam
Phan Thi Vn 2009
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Chng I Tng quan v u t nc ngoi 436
iu 4. Cc hnh thc gp vn, mua c phn
2. Mua c phn:
a) Nh u t nc ngoi mua c phn pht hnh ln
u ca cc cng ty c phn theo quy nh ca Lut
Doanh nghip;
b) Nh u t nc ngoi mua c phn pht hnh ln
u ca cc doanh nghip 100% vn nh nc thc
hin c phn ha;
c) Nh u t nc ngoi mua c phn trong s c
phn c quyn cho bn, c phn pht hnh thm
ca cng ty c phn;
d) Nh u t nc ngoi mua li c phn ca cc c
ng trong cng ty c phn, bao gm c cc cng ty
i chng nim yt v cc cng ty i chng cha
nim yt trn S Giao dch chng khon.
QUYT NH
88/2009/Q-TTg V vic ban hnh Quy ch gp vn, mua c phn
ca nh u t nc ngoi trong cc doanh nghip Vit Nam

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