I.

Nguyn l thit k h thng truyn hnh MATV

1. Tng quan h thng MATV H thng truyn hnh - MATV bao gm: 1.1. H thng Anten - H thng anten bao gm cc anten parabol, anten UHF/VHF thu tn hiu truyn hnh v tinh v mt t cng vi cp dn tn hiu t anten v t trung tm t ti phng k thut in nh ti phng trung tm. - H thng anten c lp t trn tng mi v c gia c chc chn m bo chu c bo cp 12 v c h thng chng st tip t ni vi h thng tip t ca to nh. 1.2. H thng thit b trung tm - H thng ny bao gm b trn tn hiu, cc b chia tn hiu, cc b gii m tn hiu truyn hnh v tinh v b khuch i tn hiu, cc thit b ny c b tr trong mt t chuyn dng. 1.3. H thng mng cp truyn dn v phn phi tn hiu - H thng ny bao gm cc b chia, khuch i cp tn hiu v cc cm tivi. - Cc b khuch i v b chia tn hiu c lp t trong t chuyn dng t ti cc trc k thut tng v cc v tr thch hp trn mt bng theo bn v thit k, c ng cp ngun cho khuch i. - S dng cp RG-6, RG-11 v QR-540 truyn dn tn hiu v s dng cc b chia, phn nhnh ti cc trc k thut m bo mc tn hiu ti mi im tivi l ng u nhau v m bo cht lng tn hiu. 2. Yu cu k thut h thng MATV - Cht lng hnh nh v m thanh ti cc cm tt, khng bng, nhiu, t tiu chun truyn hnh, c th l : - Mc ra tn hiu truyn hnh ti cc im t TV t 65-75dBV. - Khng c xuyn nhiu gia cc knh. - Mc tn hiu/tp m S/N m bo 60dBV. - rng knh t nht 8Mhz cho h PAL DK, v 6Mhz cho h NTSC. 3. Mt s khi nim c bn - Nguyn l c bn ca vic thit k h thng MATV l m bo cht lng hnh nh v m thanh ti tt c cc cm u tt, khng bng, nhiu. C th l mc tn hiu u ra ti tt c cc im TV phi trong phm vi cho php (65 - 75dB). (Nu mc tn hiu < 65, cht lng hnh nh ko t yu cu, mc tn hiu > 75, hnh nh s b xuyn nhiu). - Tn hiu truyn hnh c truyn t anten, qua h thng mng cp, cc b chia, tape v ti cc im tivi. Tn hiu ny s b suy gim khi qua mng cp v cc thit b trn, v c khuch i

bng b khuch i, suy gim s t l vi tn s s dng ca knh truyn. Ti y, ta tnh theo suy gim ti a (ti tn s 1000Mhz), c th nh sau 3.1. Suy hao qua b chia - B chia l thit b phn chia tn hiu thnh nhiu u ra. Mc tn hiu ti cc u ra u bng nhau v b suy gim so vi mc tn hiu u vo ty theo loi b chia, c th B chia 2 B chia 3 B chia 4 B chia 6 B chia 8 -3.5 dB -4.5 dB -7dB -8 -9 dB -10.5 dB 3.2. Suy hao qua b tape - B tape l thit b phn chia tn hiu thnh nhiu u ra khng cn bng. Mc tn hiu ti u OUT = mc tn hiu ti u IN - 3.5dB. Mc tn hiu ti cc u TAPE bng nhau v b suy gim so vi mc tn hiu u vo ty theo loi tape. C cc mc suy hao nh -6.5dB, -8.5dB, -12.5dB... 3.3. Suy hao qua mng cp - Mng cp trong h thng MATV thng c s dng gm c 2 loi cp chnh. Cp RG6 thng c s dng trn cc mt bng tng, t t tng n cc cm. Cp RG11 thng c s dng cho h thng mng cp trc. + Cp RG6: Suy hao t mc -21dB/100m + Cp RG11: Suy hao t mc -14dB/100m + Suy hao ti cc u ni: 0.2 - 0.3 dB (Mc suy hao trn c tnh ti a, cho tn s s dng l 1000Mhz) 3.4. B khuch i - Do tn hiu i t anten xung b suy hao khi qua h thng mng cp v b chia, do vy h thng MATV cn s dng cc b khuch i tn hiu. Cc b khuch i ny chnh c mc khuch i u ra. khuch i ti a thng t mc +40dB. 4. Thit k h thng - Tn hiu u ra ti anten thng chnh t mc 90 - 100dB. Mc tn hiu ny khi qua h thng mng cp, b chia s b suy hao dn. Cc b khuch i s lm nhim v khuch i tn hiu ny ln t mc nh c, trc khi phn chia n cc cm. Thng thng, mt b khuch i thng m nhim khuch i cho 30-40 im tivi. 5. M hnh thng s dng - Hin nay, c 2 m hnh mng cp thng c s dng trong h thng MATV. 2 m hnh ny tng ng nhau trn mt bng tng, ch khc nhau v h thng dy v b chia ti trc. - M hnh 1: s dng b chia ti cc tng. Tn hiu t trung tm c chia thnh tng nhm bng b chia. t ti trung tm. Mi mt nhm s c khuch i, khuch i tn hiu ti u tng, v c chia n cc cm. - M hnh 2: S dng b tape. Tn hiu s i thng t trung tm dc theo trc. Ti mi nhm tng t b khuch i, tn hiu c ly t u tape ra, i qua b khuch i t ti v c chia ra n cc cm.

II. Phn loi

1.1/ Truyn hnh TVRO (Television Receiver Only) ch yu dng cho c nhn cc h gia nh hay ta nh i s Qun cc nc. Mt trm thu TVRO gm cc thnh phn chnh sau: + Cho anten parabol ( bng C hoc Ku) + B dch tn LNB + C cu iu khin cho anten ( nu mun thu knh t nhiu hn 1 v tinh) + u thu TVRO + Mch iu khin t xa v b nh. Trm thu hnh c nhn TVRO c nhim v thu tn hiu t cc v tinh a tnh, qua x l tn hiu gii iu ch v hon tr li dng analog nh tn hiu truyn hnh mt t tng hp vi cc tivi gia nh.

Khch hng tiu biu: i s qun Bngladesh i S Qun Anh..

1.2/ Truyn hnh MATV (Master Antenna Television System) ch yu dng cho cc khu khch sn, khu cn h,. H thng MATV c chia thnh 2 phn + Trung tm ( HeadEnd) + Mng phn phi ( Distribution system) S khi tng quan ca h thng MATV nh sau

Chc nng ca HeadEnd: + Thu v gii m tn hiu truyn hnh v tinh. + Thc hin iu ch cc tn hiu gii m trong bng tn UHF, VHF. + Kt hp cc tn hiu iu ch trong bng tn 47-862MHz, sau a vo mng phn phi. Chc nng ca mng phn phi: + Thc hin phn phi tn hiu t trung tm n cc v tr ca tng khch hng trong mng thng qua mng truyn dn cp ng trc. + Tn hiu trong mng c khuych i, sau c chia nhnh, ri a n tng thu bao. Khch hng tiu biu: Khch sn Fortuna, Mayfair, Intercontinental, Coco, Bng sen, Daewoo, Nikko, Sofitel Plaza. Golden Villa, LG Sunflower, Victoria Phan Thit, Novotel Garden Plaza,..

2/ TRUYN HNH CP CATV (COMMUNITY ACCESS TELEVISION SYSTEM) CHO CHUNG C V KHCH SN Truyn hnh cp hu tuyn CATV c coi l phng thc truyn hnh tin tin hin i nht th gii hin nay. Thit lp trn c s h thng thit b truyn dn c nh bng ng dy cp quang ti cc ta nh FTTB (Fiber to the buildings). Trung tm ti C6 Thanh Xun Bc cung cp cc knh truyn hnh trong v ngoi nc vi 2 khi Khch sn v Chung c i vi Khi chung c ch c 1 gi knh duy nht (65 knh truyn hnh)

i vi Khi Khch sn gm 4 gi knh chnh sau: Gi 1: YTN, ARIRANG, Austrialia Network , NHK World , CCTV4 , TV5 , DWTV, Gi 2: BBC World News , CNN International , ESPN , Star Sport , Star Movies , Gi 3: HBO , Discovery , Cartoon Network , Boomerang , CNBC ,. Gi 4: Discovery Travel and Living , Cinemax , TCM , Fox News , Adventure One ,.. S khi tng quan ca h thng truyn hnh cp CATV

Chc nng h thng: Truyn c nhiu knh truyn hnh. C kh nng kt hp truyn hnh analog v truyn hnh s digital. C kh nng tng tc hai chiu, c th cung cp hu ht cc dch v gia tng v vin thng ( nh in thoi, internet, truyn s liu,.) Phm vi phc v gii hn. ch ph hp vi cc th c mt dn c ln. Khu chung c Trung Ha Nhn Chnh, 27 Hunh Thc Khng, 71 Nguyn Ch Thanh H Ni,Hai B Trng H Ni,.. Khch sn Sunway H Ni, Khch sn Sheraton H Ni, Bo Sn H Ni, Lakeside, Golden Villa, Trung tm International Women, khu cn h Sommerset Grand, Khu cn h Syrena..

Khch hng tiu biu:

3/ MT S DCH V M RNG TRN MNG QUANG CATV ( IPTV, Video conferrence, GePON) S tng quan chung

IPTV ( Internet Protocol Television): l dch v truyn hnh qua Internet. Mt dch v a tin ch, tt c trong mt. Bn c th ch ng xem nhng g mnh thch. IPTV cho php gi cc gi d liu video n my tnh hoc b thu tn hiu truyn hnh Set- Top- Box thng qua ng ADSL hoc cp truyn dn. Mt s dch v trn nn IPTV gm c: + Tvonline: truyn hnh trc tuyn bao gm nhiu knh truyn hnh trong nc v quc t. + VOD ( Video On Demand): truyn hnh theo yu cu gm kho phim truyn, m nhc a th loi p ng mi nhu cu khch hng, tp hp nhng s kin ni bt thuc mi lnh vc nh chnh tr, vn ha, x hi,.trong nc v quc t. + TVNews ( Television News) c bo qua tivi, bn c th cp nht tin tc tng gi tng ngy. GePON ( Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Networks): h thng mng quang th ng Gigabit Ethernet GePON s dng yu t quang th ng cho php cc nh khai thc dch v truyn ti bng thng dung lng ln v cc dch v a dng qua si quang m khng cn s dng n cc thit b in t. u im ca mng GePON Cung cp cc gii php Video, Voice, Data. Cho php downlink v uplink ngun d liu ti 1,25 Gbps trong khong cch t 10-20 km. S lng cc user khng gii hn. H thng qun tr n gin. C tnh bo mt cao do c 2 ngun upstream v downstream u c m ha.

4/ TRUYN HNH HI NGH (Video Conferrence) H thng truyn hnh hi ngh l dch v c trin khai v s dng da trn cng ngh mng truyn thng tin tin IP.Dch v ny cung cp kh nng truyn hnh nh, m thanh trc tuyn gia nhiu im trn mng, gip tng cng kh nng tng tc, trao i gia cc thnh vin trong hi ngh vi nhau. 5/ K THUT IU KHIN ( H thng BMS, h thng ANPR). 5.1/ H thng BMS (Building Management System): - H thng qun l tng th to nh (Building Management System BMS) l mt h thng iu khin v gim st k thut ton b m ta nh. H thng ny c gii php mang tnh tng th cao trong iu khin v gim st cc h thng k thut ca to nh. - H thng BMS cung cp gii php iu khin v gim st tng th cc hng mc k thut vi cht lng cao cho mt ta nh l h thng tin cy trong cng nghip t ng ha ta nh vi cc thit b HMI (giao din ngimy: Human to Monitor Interface)

S tng quan h thng BMS

Chc nng ca h thng + BMS c kh nng kt ni cc hng mc k thut, cung cp kh nng qun l vi nhiu la chn, nng cao kh nng lm vic hiu qu ca cc h thng k thut m h thng BMS gim st v iu khin. + BMS l mt h thng c kh nng tch hp vi cc h thng cung cp in, h thng chiu sng, h thng iu ha thng gi, h thng bo chy, h thng m thanh... 5.2/ H thng ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition) H thng nhn dng bin s xe ng dng trn rt nhiu lnh vc : Kim sot ra vo bi xe : Carpark system Trm thu ph phng tin Ca khu Nhn dng container

S tng quan

6/ DCH V - Nacencomm cung cp dch v thit k, lp t, ci to, nng cp, bo tr h thng mng MATV - Xy dng h thng Prime Cable, truyn dn cp quang cc chng trnh truyn hnh cho cc khch sn, khu cn h, ta nh.v dch v bo dng sau bn hng trong sut thi gian s dng dch v. - Cung cp bn quyn cc gi knht vn k thut cho cc Cng ty Truyn hnh cp,.. u t trin khai truyn hnh cp ti Qung Ninh.

KHAI QUAT CHUNG MT H THNG TRUYN HINH CAP CATV-

- Mt trung tm truyn hnh cp c th khai thc chng trnh t nhiu ngun tn hiu pht khc nhau (v tinh, viba mt t, cc trung tm sn xut chng trnh) . Tuy nhin, cn phi mua bn quyn pht sng cc n v cung cp. - Mc ch truyn hnh cp l chn lc, cung cp nhiu chng trnh truyn hnh hay phc v cho khn gi . - phc v cho nhu cu cao hn cc trung tm truyn hnh cp cn c th cung cp h thng mng truyn hnh tng tc, truyn hnh internetSau y l 1 mng cp CATV-HFC khi qut :

Hinh 3.1 : s hinh khi qut mt mang truyn hinh cap CATV-HFC.

3.1.1 . Trung tm Headend:

Trung tm truyn hinh cap Headend la ni tp hp , chon loc va quy tu cac knh truyn hinh trong nc va th gii. - Cac knh tin hiu truyn hinh co th ly t nhiu ngun khac nhau nh : + Cac knh truyn hinh c quyn trong nc c bin tp t cac trung tm san xut chng trinh sau o c a n trung tm truyn hinh cap bng nhiu cach nh bng cap quang , bng viba MMDS , viba ky thut s mt t. + Cac knh truyn hinh ia phng ln cn co th c thu lai bng cac anten Yagi bng tn VHF , UHF. + Con cac knh truyn hinh quc t thi c thu trc tip t v tinh bng cac loai anten parapol bng tn C-band hay Ku-band. - Tuy vao cac ngun thu khac nhau ta s dung cac loai may thu khac nhau nh: + Thu trc tip v tinh ta co cac may thu v tinh. + Thu cac knh ia phng ta co th s dung cac may De-modulator hay may MMDS.
-

+ Cac viba ky thut s mt t ta s dung cac Setup-box thu chng trinh. - Cac may thu se thu va giai ma cho ra tin hiu Video-Audio. Ta co th tach Video chuyn i sang h PAL hay NTSC Vi co nhng chng trinh nc ngoai s dung h NTSC hay SECAM khng thich hp cho nhiu loai ti vi cua ta. - quan ly h thng c cht che hn hay han ch knh phat hoc d dang quan ly cac thu bao , chng thu trm tin hiu ta a tin hiu Video-Audio t cac may thu vao b khoa ma knh Encoder. Ta co th ma hoa mt vai chng trinh c bit hay ma hoa toan b chng trinh. Chng trinh c ma hoa va quan ly bng 1 s code cho tng nhom knh khac nhau khi phn nhom chng trinh thu bao c thc hin d dang. - Tin hiu Video-Audio t cac may thu , Setup box , Encorder c a qua b iu ch Modulator . Mi Modulator cho ra 1 tn s RF khac nhau sao cho mi knh cach nhau khoang 8Mhz. - Cac knh thu bng anten Yagi UHF, VHF ta co th thu lai bng thit bi De-modulator iu ch cho ra 1 tn s RF khac vi tn s RF ban u thu c. - Sau khi iu ch tn s ta tng hp tt ca cac knh tin hiu RF lai bng cac b trn va ghep knh Combiner nhm muc ich cho ra 1 ng truyn tin hiu RF duy nht. - Tin hiu RF t Combiner se a vao may phat quang Optical Transmitter bin i ngun tin hiu t in sang quang nhm muc ich truyn tai i xa chng suy giam ngun tin hiu vi cap quang suy hao rt it so vi cap ng truc. 3.1.2. Truy cp - thu bao: - Cac Hub co nhim vu thu tin hiu t Headend chuyn n cac Node quang hoc chuyn tin hiu quang ti cac Hub khac. Ngc lai cac Hub co th truyn tin hiu v trung tm Headend nu y la mt mang truy cp khep kin. - Node quang co nhim vu chuyn tin hiu quang t cac Hub sang in RF. - Tin hiu RF c a vao b khuch ai Ampli Trunk dung khuch ai ng truyn chinh ln rt nhiu ln. Sau o cho qua b chia khng u Coupler nhm muc ich a ra nhng ng tin hiu RF khng ging nhau co th manh hay yu cung cp cho cac khu vc co nhiu thu bao hoc cac khu vc co it thu bao . - Tai cac con hem tin hiu RF c Ampli line khuch ai lai ln na khoang 120 dBV sau o a vao b chia Splitter qua cac b Taps giam tin hiu xung con khoang 60 dBV sau o a ti cac ti vi thu bao. - Cac h co nhu cu thu bao cac nhom chng trinh c bit ,phai tra thm tin thi co th c trung tm cho mn cac may giai ma knh Decoder.

TRUYN HNH CP DY DN CATV (analog) Khi nim truyn hnh cp dy dn gm 2 yu t: l truyn hnh tr tin v cung cp tn hiu qua dy dn. Truyn hnh cp dy dn, vit tt l CATV, do cm t ting Anh Collective Antenna Television hay Community Antenna Television, u c th hiu l anten tp th, anten cng ng, anten chung. Tuy ting Anh vn cn cm t antenna d y l thut ng ch truyn hnh khng anten, v giai on u CATV ch l phng thc ni di k thut truyn hnh pht sng trong khng gian, s dng anten pht v anten thu. LCH S PHT TRIN CATV Nhng bui truyn hnh u tin trn th gii u truyn qua dy dn, c ngha l hnh nh t a im ny c a n mt a im khc bng dy cp. Lc , u thp nin 30 ca th k XX, cha th truyn hnh bng sng bc x ra khng gian. Nhng loi truyn hnh bng dy ny cha phi l cng ngh truyn hnh cp dy dn ang ni n. Truyn hnh cp dy dn c th coi l c khai sinh vo cui nhng nm 50 Hoa K. Trong qu trnh xy dng mng truyn hnh qung b pht sng VHF, cc nh k thut truyn hnh m vp phi mt vn kh gii quyt l vng ti nhng khu vc c nhiu ni non. Gii php c tm ra lc l nn tng ca cng ngh CATV hin i: Thu sng truyn hnh ti mt im thu tt ri dn tn hiu n vng ti gn bng dy dn v cng trn nhng tn s dng cho truyn hnh. Sau khi trin khai CATV p ng nhu cu ni trn, ngi ta nhn thy CATV c u im ht sc ln lao l gii quyt c vn m truyn hnh Hoa K vp phi trn ng pht trin. l mu thun gia vic gia tng knh pht sng vi tnh trng cn kit qu tn s v vn can nhiu. Nhng knh truyn hnh mi pht qua dy dn khng lm nhiu sng cc knh truyn hnh c v truyn hnh dy dn l mt vng t mi xy dng cc i truyn hnh c nh vi mt s lng kh l tng. T y, cc nh k thut truyn hnh M lm c iu m trc y h rt lng tng. Nhiu knh truyn hnh ch pht qua dy dn c xy dng v hot ng rt hiu qu. Mng dy dn khng cn ch nhng vng ti, m n dn dn m rng ra nhng vng thu tt sng truyn hnh. V ri ngi ta khm ph mt cng nng li hi ca truyn hnh dy dn: Truyn hnh tr tin! T CATV ng ngha vi truyn hnh tr tin. Thp nin 70, cng ngh CATV pht trin nhiu quc gia, c bit l chu u v Bc M. Mnh t mu m CATV pht trin khng phi l nhng vng ti khu vc ni non nh M nhng nm trc, m l nhng thnh ph ln ng c dn c, ni m ngi ta d dng thi cng mng cp vi gi thnh thp nht v l th trng thu bao tim nng. Ngy nay, truyn hnh cp dy dn khng cn l mt th xa x phm ca cc nc cng ngh truyn hnh pht trin. Mng truyn hnh dy dn l mng khng th thiu bn cnh mng in v in thoi cc thnh ph, th trn, thm ch huyn l, xm lng. T nm 1993, mng CATV c xy dng TPHCM v khng lu sau H Ni. T nm 2003, Trung tm Truyn hnh Cp i Truyn hnh TPHCM trin khai mng truyn hnh cp CATV TPHCM.

Hin nay, nhiu a phng Vit Nam c mng CATV ( Hi Phng, Ngh An, Nng, Qui Nhn). Trong qu trnh s ho cng ngh truyn hnh, tiu chun truyn hnh s cho CATV c gii thiu vi tn gi DVB-C vo gia thp nin 90 v c khai thc thng mi. U IM CA CATV So vi truyn hnh pht sng trong khng gian, CATV c nhiu u im: - Khng b nh hng bi a hnh l u im phi k n trc tin. Ngi ta khai sinh ra CATV cng chnh t kh nng ny. CATV c bit thch hp cho th nhiu nh cao tng, ni khng th thu c sng truyn hnh pht t cc thp anten v tuyn. - Khng cn s dng anten, d l anten trong nh. Thay vo l ng dy ni vo nh v mt cm tn hiu. Ch cn ni vi cm anten TV v cp tn hiu l s c hng vi chc, thm ch vi trm chng trnh truyn hnh xem. H qu ca u im ny khng ch l s tin li m n cn gi tr nhiu mt. Trong thc t, c nhiu ni khng th lp t anten do iu kin kin trc, yu cu thm m th hoc do iu kin thi tit (nh Canada c nhng vng bng gi gi rt, rt kh lp t v bo tr anten xng c). CATV gip khn gi vn c th xem truyn hnh trong nhng hon cnh thu sng truyn hnh phc tp nht. Khng c anten, cng c ngha l, khng c nhiu vn phin toi, nh chng st, bo tr anten - Khng b nh hng bi thi tit: chu s tc ng ln ca thi tit l mt trong nhng nhc im ca truyn hnh v tuyn. Khi tri m, khng kh nhiu hi nc, vic truyn sng truyn hnh VHF, UHF c phn thun li hn so vi khi tri nng ro kh hanh. Thi im lc tri va ma xong l thi gian vng thu cc i truyn hnh xa tn hiu yu: Hnh nh r hn, s knh xem c nhiu ln hnBan m thu sng c d hn ban ngy, lc tri sng gi th thu sng kh hn nhng ngy quang ng vng nhit i nh nc ta, p lc thi tit i vi vic xem chng trnh truyn hnh c th ni nh hn nhiu so vi nhng x lnh, ni m bng tuyt tc ng mnh n vic thu tn hiu qua anten ngoi tri. CATV gip cho vic thu xem chng trnh truyn hnh thot khi s quy ph ca thi tit. mt h thng CATV hon ho, cht lng chng trnh truyn hnh l nh nhau 24/24 gi, 7 ngy/tun v 365 ngy/nm (tuy vy, nu thi cng khng hon ho, tn hiu truyn hnh qua dy dn vn gim st nghim trng trong khi tri ma, v c th cc tip im trong h thng dy khng tip xc tt, hnh nh thu c s ph ht). - Kh nng tng s knh sng CATV ln hn nhiu so vi truyn hnh v tuyn VHF-UHF. 12 knh VHF v gn 50 knh UHF l gii hn cui cng cho vic pht sng truyn hnh v tuyn mt t (analog). Tuy nhin, trong thc t, s knh khai thc ch khong 1/3 s lng trn. trnh nguy c can nhiu, theo k thut trc y, ngi ta khng th s dng nhng knh sng ln cn nhau ti cng mt a im (th d i Truyn hnh TPHCM khng th pht trn 2 knh k tip nhau nh 7, 8 m phi cch qung mt knh). Khi mt knh sng s dng th trong mt bn knh nht nh khng th s dng knh sng , tu thuc vo a hnh, cng sut pht, cao anten pht (th d i truyn hnh TPHCM pht knh 9 cng sut 20kW t thp

120m th trong iu kin ng bng, khng th s dng knh 9 trong bn knh 200km cch TPHCM). Thc t cho thy, ti khu vc s dng cn kit qu tn s pht sng truyn hnh mt t nh Nam b, s i thu c ti nhng im trung tm cng khong 20 knh. Trong gii hn t i nh vy, vic nhiu sng cng xy ra, ni chi n tnh hung gia tng hn na s knh sng. T thp nin 70, ti cc nc cng nghip pht trin chu u, Bc M, y l mt vn k thut ln. Nhu cu xem c nhiu knh sng ca khn gi l nhu cu tng ln khng ngng v tn s pht hnh tr thnh i tng ginh git gia cc i truyn hnh. Cng ca mu thun cng tng trong iu kin khoa hc cng ngh truyn hnh ngy cng pht trin, trang b cho i truyn hnh tr nn r tin v ph thng. c mt i truyn hnh, vn, thit b khng cn l vn , m vn c tn s pht hay khng. CATV v li thot ca bi kch k thut . Khn gi truyn hnh M l nhng khn gi truyn hnh u tin trn th gii li ch m CATV em li i vi vic gia tng knh sng. Nhng ng dy cp ban u ch l phng tin ni di truyn hnh pht sng mt t VHF, UHF l sn chi ca cc i truyn hnh a phng, truyn hnh t nhn vi qui m nh. L do CATV c mt nhng ni vn thu tt sng truyn hnh VHF, UHF chnh l u im ny. Khn gi cn c CATV c th xem thm nhiu knh. Kh nng tng knh ca CATV c khai thc n ni 60 knh truyn hnh VHF UHF ca TV tr nn thiu ht v cc hng in t phi sn xut thn loi TV c bng tn truyn hnh cp, b sung thm di tn s cho truyn hnh qua dy dn (nhng tn s dng ring cho CATV khng c s dng pht sng trong khng gian cho truyn hnh v n c s dng cho mc ch khc trong truyn sng). Tiu chun truyn hnh s dy dn DVB-C c thit k cng trn c s khai thc th mnh tng knh ca CATV. Truyn hnh cp qua dy dn c th phc v hng ngn knh truyn hnh v nhiu chc nng tng tc. - CATV c cht lng hnh nh hn hn truyn hnh pht sng v tuyn analog: Chng ta u bit rng tn hiu truyn hnh ch cho hnh nh ti u nu n khng qu mnh v cng khng qu yu. Nu tn hiu truyn hnh n c TV qu yu, hnh nh trn TV s b ht, m thanh siNu tn hiu truyn hnh n TV qu mnh, hnh nh s b un o, nhy git, x ngang x dc, m thanh . Trong iu kin thu c nhiu i l tng nht, s khc bit cng trng trc ht s loi tr mt s knh nu dng cng mt loi anten. Nu dng anten c li cao, tn hiu nhng i truyn hnh c cng sut ln v gn s mnh qu, c th n mc khng xem c. Nu iu chnh s dng anten li thp, th tn hiu thu c t nhng i xa, cng sut pht thp s yu i, v c th cng khng xem c. Cn i tn hiu cc knh sng thu c mc ti u c c cht lng hnh nh tt nht cho cc knh l mt bi ton kh v rt nhiu trng hp khng th gii c mt cch trn vn. Thng th k thut vin phi hy sinh cht lng mt s knh nu mun bo m cht lng ti u mt s knh hoc mun bo m s knh ti a. Vn trn c gii quyt bng CATV. Vi mt mng dy dn hon chnh, ngi ta c th m bo cng tn hiu tt c cc knh ti im thu trong mc ti u cho TV, hnh nh mi knh r p hu nh ng u.

Tn hiu truyn qua CATV t cht lng cao cn v n khng c tn hiu phn x do sng in t trn ng lan truyn gp chng ngi vt nh truyn hnh v tuyn mt t analog. Xem truyn hnh CATV, khn gi hu nh khng bc mnh v hin tng bng ma nh truyn hnh v tuyn mt t analog (tr mt s trng hp thu pht li knh truyn hnh pht sng mt t trong iu kin kh khn, khin tn hiu c bng ma ngay ti trung tm CATV). u im ny c ngha rt ln trong bi cnh sng truyn hnh thu trung tm cc thnh ph ln hu nh u b hin tng sng phn x, gy bng ma ph nt hnh nh. u th cht lng hnh nh ca CATV cn l kh nng hn ch nhiu rt tt khi tn hiu truyn trong dy dn. So vi truyn hnh pht sng v tinh mt t VHF UHF, t l v mc nhiu xm nhp c vo ng dy CATV l thp hn rt nhiu. Cc ngun pht sng v tuyn, tia la in bugi, mtkhng d vt qua lp v bc ca cp ng trc ca CATV to nn nhng mng vn en, hay nhng chm trng nh truyn hnh pht sng v tuyn mt t. - CATV rt thun li khai thc truyn hnh tr tin.u im ny th hin nhng im c phn tch l n gin, r tin, nhiu knh v cht lng cao. Cc nh k thut vn c th khai thc truyn hnh tr tin qua sng truyn hnh v tuyn mt t VHF-UHF bng cch m ho tn hiu analog v gii m cho thu bao bng thit b gii m t cnh TV. Tuy nhin, chi ph khai thc s tng, v cn n thit b gii m vi b thu sng c lp. Bn cnh , nh kinh doanh truyn hnh tr tin ch c th bn c mt s t chng trnh truyn hnh, v khng cn tn s truyn knh sng (dn n gi thu bao cho mi knh s vt ln). Ngoi ra, cc chng trnh c bn khng th c cht lng tt trong mt s iu kin pht sng v tuyn mt t (c th b bng, b ht, b nhiu). Bo tr h thng anten thu ca khch hng lun mc hon ho m bo cht lng ca cc chng trnh truyn hnh cng l mt vn khi khai thc. Trc y, M v chu u, ngi ta ch c th m ho bn mt phn chng trnh truyn hnh (vi gi/ngy) do khng c knh sng. Cc chng trnh bn theo kiu ny phi l chng trnh hp dn c bit. Cc nh cung cp dch v truyn hnh tr tin theo phng thc pht sng v tuyn mt t phn ln cng chnh l cc i truyn hnh. Gi cao, sn phm ngho nn, khch hng chc chn hn ch. i vi CATV, vic khai thc truyn hnh tr tin s n gin nh bn in, nc, in thoi. Cng ty truyn hnh cp cu dy tn hiu vo nh khn gi thu bao v ct ng dy nu h khng thu c tin. Do gi thnh s h. CATV c th truyn rt nhiu knh truyn hnh cht lng n nh, ng u nn gi thnh cho mi knh h hn na. Vi CATV, nh cung cp dch v khng cn phi chnh l i truyn hnh , m ch l cc cng ty trung gian, mua i bn li cc chng trnh. Cc cng ty truyn hnh cp s mua tn hiu t nhiu i truyn hnh v nhiu ngun (v tinh, t cc i pht mt t, t bng a hnh), cng c th t sn xut , tp hp li , pht qua ng day dn. Nu nh trong cc thp nin 50,60 th k XX, mng CATV c xy dng ch yu do cc u im p ng vic truyn tn hiu khng ph thuc vo a hnh thi tit, mi di h thng truyn hnh v tuyn mt t, th trong cc thp nin gn y, nhu cu CATV pht sinh do u im thun li khai thc truyn hnh tr tin, cht lng cao, s lng knh phong ph NHC IM CA CATV (ANALOG)

Bn cnh nhng u im va im qua, CATV c mt s nhc im. Nhng nhc im ny ngy cng lm chm i bc phat trin CATV. l:

Vic trin khai CATV tn rt nhiu chi ph u t, cng sc v thi gian. c mt mng CATV hon chnh cho mt thnh ph vi triu dn, t khi xy dng n khi hon tt c th mt hng chc nm. Mng CATV ch thch hp cho cc thnh ph ni c mt dn c cao, khng thch hp vi i a s lnh th (vng ng rung, rng ni, dn c tha tht). Mt dn c cng thp, chi ph trin khai CATV cng cao, v dy dn, thit b khuch iphi dng nhiu, nhng s ngi s dng li khng nhiu. T , CATV t ra bt li so vi cc cng ngh khc. Trin khai mng CATV thnh ph cng c nhiu kh khn, dy cp chng cht s lm mt m quan thnh ph (nu i ni m khng i ngm di t), vic bo tr sa cha cng rt phc tp. M, ni CATV pht trin u tin v mnh hn c, ngi ta cng phi lng tng khi gii quyt vn ny. Thng c tnh trng nhiu cng ty truyn hnh cp cng mun khai thc CATV mt a phng, nhng v kh khn k trn, thng thng chnh quyn ch cho php mt n v truyn hnh cp CATV hot ng m thi. Do , vic u thu rt cng thng. Mng cp cng khng phi ging mc u cng c, qu trnh thi cng phi qua rt nhiu va chm, vng mc. Chi ph u t cng tr nn nng n hn. So vi truyn hnh cp v tuyn, CATV c phm vi phc v hot ng hp hn, s lng thu bao gii hn hn, tc pht trin thu bao chm hn. Do vy chi ph cho vic mua bn quyn truyn hnh tnh trn mi thu bao s ln hn. Nhc im ny c th lm CATV tr nn t hn so vi cc phng tin truyn hnh cap v tuyn (c kh nng ln hn trong m rng thu bao). Trong khi , thu bao cng nhiu, li nhun cng ty truyn hnh cp cng cao, gi thu bao cng h. M, nhiu hng CATV lao ao v nhc im ny. H b cc cng ty truyn hnh v tinh ly i kh nhiu khn gi, v vi s lng thu bao ng hn, cc cng ty truyn hnh cp v tinh sn sng mua c quyn pht sng nhiu knh truyn hnh vi gi rt cao. T , cc chng trnh CATV tr nn ngho nn v t tin hn so vi truyn hnh cap v tinh DTH. Cht lng hnh nh ca cng ngh CATV analog tuy cao, nhng vn km hn so vi cng ngh truyn hnh s ang c s dng truyn hnh v tinh. T cui thp nin 90, CATV analog dn dn mt i u th v cht lng trc cc cng ngh truyn hnh v tinh k thut s. Khn gi truyn hnh c th d dng nhn ra bng mt thng s yu km cht lng hnh nh ca CATV analog so vi cng ngh s. u im n gin ca CATV ch cn kt ni l c tn hiu, trong nhiu trng hp, li l nhc im ca cng ngh ny. CATV rt d b ly trm tn hiu. Cng ty truyn hnh cp rt d b tht thu v nn xem trm. y l vn thng xy ra trong giai on trin khai CATV cc nc ang pht trin. Ti Trung Quc, Thi lan, Campuchiatn hiu mt thu bao c th cung cp ni di cho hng trm TV xem cha. Cho cn kt ni ng k thut vo u ni n TV ca mt thu bao, lp thit b khuch i nu cn thit v chi ph t i cho b chia, l c th hnh thnh mt mng cp mi di ngoi s kim sot ca cng ty truyn hnh cp. Chng hn nh trng hp chng ti tng gp Qung Chu, Trung Quc, mt nh tp th dng chung tn hiu truyn hnh cp t mt thu bao v my chc TV ch tr chung chi ph mt thu bao (tnh ra ch hn 20.000 VN/thng, mi TV ch tr cha n 500 VN/thng). Cn Phnmpnh, Campuchia, cng ty truyn hnh cp thng xuyn phi nh n cng an gii quyt tnh trng xem

lu, nhng xem ra khng hiu qu. Tn hiu b cu ngoi kim sot khng gy tn hi nh cu trm in, nn rt kh pht hin. Hn na, tn hiu c th ly bt k ni u t ng dy trong nh, nh cu in thoi song song, thi gian thc hin ch vi chc pht, thit b s dng r tin, c sn trn th trng. i ph, cc cng ty truyn hnh cp phi m ho tn hiu. Nh vy s tn thm cho mi thu bao mt b gii m. Do , CATV khng cn r tin v n gin na. Do nhng nhc im trn, n cui th k trc, s pht trin ca CATV ti cc nc cng ngh truyn hnh pht trin (Bc M, chu u) chm li. M, Direct TV, mt hng truyn hnh v tinh, vt qua cc hng truyn hnh CATV, at ngi v dn u s lng thu bao. Cc cng ty truyn hnh v tinh chu u tr thnh tp on khng l xuyn quc gia, trong khi cc hng truyn hnh CATV ch c vai tr khim tn tng thnh ph, th trn. Cn Thi Lan, mt nc ang pht trin, CATV pht chc tr nn lp v trc DTH do Cng ty UBC trin khai, th Bangkok nm gia mt rng cho. Hongkong, ni c mng CATV hon chnh, khn gi li bt u s dng phng tin truyn hnh v tinh nh gn. Nga, mng truyn hnh v tinh DTH Bonum thng ln trong cuc ua vi CATV H THNG TRUYN HINH CAP MMDS: a. Gii thiu : _ H truyn hinh MMDS _ Multi point Multi channel Distribution System : la loai dich vu truyn hinh a im , a ng bng song viba , mt loai truyn dn mang y u tinh u vit v ky thut va kinh t . Song viba dai tn rt cao t 2,52,7 GHz , vi rng dai tn t 6MHz8MHz cho mi knh c dung vi tin hiu analog . No cho phep truyn c nhiu chng trinh cung mt luc. Ngi ta goi o la h thng truyn hinh MMDS ( Viba truyn hinh nhiu ng ) . C ly phu song trung binh t 1km n vai chuc km. _ H MMDS co th truyn tai nhiu chng trinh cung luc , ngoai ra con co th truyn va nhn tt ca cac dang tin hiu truyn hinh, k ca h CMAC va D2MAC , cac tin hiu teletex va d liu may tinh . _ Thng ngi ta co th phat xen knh, c bo mt knh, phat mt knh khoi anh hng n nhau. Co th phat song theo kiu phn cc ng ( V ) hay phn cc ngang ( H ). Cung co th phat ca hai cung mt luc V va H. Nh vy v phn anten ca thu va phat phc tap hn nhiu. Hnh 2.5: H thng truyn hinh MMDS . b . Qua trinh phat trin : _ Ban u dai tn s t 2,52,7 GHz c danh ring cho vic truyn cac chng trinh giao duc, c phat theo phng thc im ni im phuc vu trong cac trng ai hoc , ng thi cung co mt h thng dich vu phn phi a im MDS_ Multipoint Distribution System co dai tn s t 21502156 MHz dung phat cac chng trinh truyn hinh co thu phi .

_ Cac anten phat thng c t trn thap cao hay la noc cac toa nha cao tng phat song n thu bao . Anten phat thng la anten ng hng co kha nng phu song trong vong ban kinh rng ln , t o cng ngh MDS con goi la Truyn hinh cap khng dy. _ Cng ngh MDS c bit thich hp cho nhng vung cha co TH cap CATV . Sau nay thi MDS c phat trin thanh h truyn hinh MMDS . c . Muc ich cua truyn hinh MMDS. _ Quan ly chng trinh ngi xem. Ngi xem co th mua thit bi TVRO thu thng va xem trc tip. Vi hinh thc o nha nc cung nh c quan chc nng khng th quan ly c. _ H thng MMDS thu lai cac tin hiu cua nc ngoai qua v tinh ri mi a vao may phat MMDS phat i, do o co th quan ly c chng trinh cua ngi xem. _ V lu dai se dung cac thit bi phat chm lai. Do o co th kim soat c toan b chng trinh cn phat va hn na ngoai ting nc ngoai con co phu ting vit kem theo. _ Cp nht tin tc mi ngay c de dang hn. H thng MMDS co s knh phat c inh, chi vic n nut chuyn i chng trinh la xem c ngay. _ Thit bi thu MMDS gon nhe, khng cng knh, khng chim nhiu vi tri nh chao anten TVRO. Gia tin va phai. _ Ngoai ra con co th xem cac thng tin cn thit, chi cn n nut { MSG } trn b iu khin t xa, b giai ma se cho ta bit c thng tin cn thit nh v thi tit, gia ca mt s mt hang cn thit cung nh cac thng tin v dich vu, hang khng, xe la va cac dich vu tham quan du lich _ H thng thu MMDS c biu din hinh 2.6 Hinh.2.6

* S khi may phat truyn hinh MMDS :

Anten

Knh 2,3,4n

Hinh 2.7 s khi may phat truyn hinh MMDS * Chi tiu ki thut cua b iu ch UHF: H mau : NTSC, PAL hoc SECAM. Bng tn lam vic 2,5 n 2,7 GHz. n inh tn s : Tn s tai hinh : 1 KHz ( fh = 1 KHz ). Tn s tai ting : 100 KHz. ( ft = 100 KHz ). Tr khang ra : 50 W. Tr khang u vao video : 75 W. Mc video u vao : 1 V ( inh inh ). Meo khuch ai vi sai : 2%. Meo pha vi sai : 2.Ty s Sr / N 55 dB. Hai bc 2 < -60 dB. Tr khang u vao m thanh : 600 W ( i xng ). Mc ting vao : 0 dB. Meo m thanh : 1dB. Ty s Sr / N 60 dB. May phat truyn hinh MMDS lam vic dai tn 2,5 GHz n 2,7 GHz ( s dung Vit Nam ). S chng trinh phat co th c chon la 6, 8, 12. * Nh vy, co bao nhiu chng trinh thi co tng o b iu ch UHF ring, sau o c cng qua b combiner va lai c iu ch dai tn 2,5 GHz n 2,7 GHz va khuch ai cng sut. ng dn song a tin hiu cao tn ln anten phat. * B sa thi gian gc : _ B TBC_ Time Base Corrector : lam nhim vu hiu chinh , sa meo tin hiu video trc khi vao b ma hoa . * B ma hoa : Tin hiu audio va video trc se c ma hoa theo cac dang sau: + Ma hoa theo chi thi : Phn video s dung nguyn ly ao cc tinh cua xung ng b va trit xung ng b . Con audio co th dung phng thc di tn s n vung tn s siu m . + Ma hoa theo nguyn ly Line_Shuffle : la phng phap lam xao trn mt s dong tin hiu video , lam sai lch so vi vi tri gc .

* B iu ch : Nhim vu la iu ch bng tn c s cho audio va video ng thi cung cp tn s UHF . + Phn video : Tin hiu vao : video tng hp , xung ng b m . Tr khang vao 75 khng i xng . ap tuyn tn s 1dB t 50Hz ti tn s cao nht cua video . + Phn audio : bin thin tn s khi iu ch la 50Hz . Tr khang vao 5K . * B i tn : Con goi la b Converter, tin hiu sau khi ra khoi b i tn thi co tn s nm trong tn s phat cua h MMDS . _ Trong o : fvideo dai tn = fvideo /ch + fLO . faudio dai tn = faudio /ch + fLO . Hinh 2.8 s khi B i tn * B dao ng ni LO: Co nhim vu tao ra tn s dao ng ni phu hp , a tin hiu vao b i tn nhm tao ra tin hiu co tn s nm trong day tn phat cua h MMDS . Hinh 2.9 s khi b dao ng LO * B loc 1 : Lam nhim vu cho dai tn thich hp i qua, ng thi chon loc tn s ln cn , chu yu la cho tn s tin hiu hinh i qua va ngn chn tn s dai ting . * B tin khuch ai : _ Co nhim vu khuch ai cng sut u ln cung cp cho tng cui . _ La tng ngn cach gia tng chu song va tng cng csut ra . _ La b khuch ai cao tn a c iu ch . * B khuch ai cng sut : am bao cng sut c khuch ai u ln a ln anten phat . Trc khi tin hiu c a n anten thi phai qua b ghep tng hp nhm lam suy giam cac song hai va am bao thanh phn song c ban u ln . * B loc 2 : Chu yu la cho tn s dai ting i qua , ngn tn s dai hinh lai . * B khuch ai cng sut ting : La mt b khuch ai cng sut cao tn nhm am bao cng sut ting a c khuch ai u , a n b ghep tng hp . * B ghep tng hp : _ am bao cac tin hiu c ghep co cng sut u ln va suy hao it nht . _ Tranh hin tng nhiu gia 2 knh k nhau , khoang cach gia 2 knh khoang 25dB .

d . u im va trin vong phat trin cua h MMDS : _ MMDS la h thng truyn dn tin hiu qua vi ba, khng cn phai xy dng mang cap truyn dn co mt s u im sau : Co th quan ly chng trinh ngi xem . Tin tc c cp nht hng ngay . Thit bi thu MMDS gon nhe, khng chim nhiu vi tri nh h thng TVRO . Gia tin va phai . _ Co 4 yu t anh hng n s tn tai va phat trin cua h truyn hinh MMDS la: Chu yu h MMDS phuc vu cac vung cha co mang CATV . MMDS cn tng thm s lng knh truyn . S phat trin cua cac ky thut mi cho phep phat nhiu chng trinh trn mt knh, trong o co ky thut cho phep phat ng thi 2 chng trinh khac nhau trn cung mt knh . Ngoai ra con co loai may phat co th phat 8 loai chng trinh truyn hinh . Chi phi u t cho mang MMDS it tn kem hn so vi mang CATV do khng phai u t vao vic xy dng va bao tri mang cap phn phi . _ Thit bi truyn hinh MMDS c thit k c bit co th phat song dai tn song vi ba bng rng, cac may phat a knh phai s dung gian anten phat xa dai rng t trn cac thap cao va cac u thu LNB cc nhay t trn cao nhin thy anten phat xa . Cng ngh MMDS oi hoi mt qui trinh u t , quan ly , khai thac va bao dng rt kht khe

Khuch i tn hiu truyn hnh cp PDA 8640 Loi: Thit b khuch i tn hiu truyn hnh cp. Hng sn xut : PACIFIC Tnh nng: tng sng, m rng tn s, gim nhiu, ht cho truyn hnh cp, gip gim suy tn hiu khi i m tng, c mch lc nhiu tn hiu, thit k p, hiu sut cao. Ngun in : S dng cho nh cao tng, nh hng, khch sn, chung c, ..... Chia tt nht t 1 - 4 cp tn hiu Nhn xt: Thit b khuch i tn hiu truyn hnh cp PDA - 8640 cht lng mnh m, bn b, tn nhit kh tt, v ngoi bng hp kim khng g, cch in cc tt ( kim tra bi cc thit b chuyn dng), hot ng m i, khng gy n, thi gian s dng thp nht 5 nm theo thc t. Xut x: Hng Kng Gi: Call 220V

CHI TIT SN PHM KHUCH I PACIFIC PDA 8640:

y l loi khuch tn hiu truyn hnh cp chuyn nghip, mnh m, 1 u vo v ch c 1 u ra.

- Khuyn co dng tt nht t 5 n 40 tivi, cp i m tng xa khong 100 mt, chia c 4 cp tn hiu, tn hiu mnh m, dao ng tn s t 5dB n 40dB, bo m tn hiu gc nh th no th tn hiu qua b khuch i s tt hn thy r. - Rt thch hp dnh cho khch sn, nh cao tng, chung c, gia nh nhiu phng, khu vc nh tr chia nhiu tivi.. - Loi ny c h thng tn nhit mnh m nn qu khch hng c th s dng 24/24. - Cng sut thc t : 11W, c iu chnh th cng - Cng tn hiu, cht lng hnh nh, mo hnh nh, nt hnh nh, cht lng m thanh c iu chnh th cng. - Loi ny c chc nng khuch i tn s rng, gip gim suy tn hiu khi i m tng, c mch lc nhiu tn hiu, - Thi hn bo hnh: 6 thng. - H tr k thut cho khch hng trong sut qu trnh s dng sn phm. - Ch khc: Trong 1 thng u qu khch hng s dng sn phm nu c bt k s c no do li k thut trong qu trnh sn xut, Cng ty Quc Anh AMICI s i sn phm mi hon ton 100% khch hng yn tm s dng. Cc sn phm u c bo hnh ti nh cho qu khch yn tm s dng, v khng nh cht lng v uy tn ca cng ty Quc Anh Amici.