A.

TnghplthuytchngNit&PhtphoL(NhmVA)
I/Khiqut:
Chuk

Khiu Tn

Shiunguynt Nguyntkhi

Cuhnhe

2
N
Nit
7
14.01 [He]2s22p3
3
P
Photpho
15
30.98 [Ne]3s23p3
4
As
Asen
33
74.92 [Ar]3d104s24p3
5
Sb
Antimon
51
121.75 [Kr]4d105s25p3
6
Bi
Bimut
83
208.98 Nguyntphngx
*Nhnxt:
1/Lpengoicngcanguyntlns2np3,c5etrongc3ec
thn,dotronghpchtcachngclinktcnghatrba
ns2
np3
2/Khithamgiaphnng,ccnguyntVAckhuynhhngnhn3e
toraionm:
N+3e N3
3/ivinguyntccnguyntP,As,Sb,Bitrngthikchthch,1e
trongcpephnlpnscthchuynsangobitandcntrngthnh5ec
thn.
***Ch***:
Nitkhngckhnngtrnvnitkhngcphnlpdtrng,nncng
hatrlnnhtcanitchl4(dongoi3linktcnghatrcnc1lin
ktchonhn)
4/SbinitnhchtcaccnchttrongnhmVA:
uthhintnhoxihavtnhkh
Kh nng oxi ha gim dn t Nit n Bimut ( Do m in
gim bnknhnguynttng)
Tnhphikimgimtnitnbimut,tnhkimloingcli
5.SbinitnhchtcacchpchttrongnhmVA:
TtcnguyntnhmnitutohpchtviHir(RH3)
Dungdchcachngkhngctnhaxit.
Oxitvhiroxit:tNitnbitmuttnhaxitcaccoxitgimdn,
ngthitnhbaztngdn.
II.Nitvhpchtcachng:
Cng
thc
cuto

Tnh
cht
vtl

Nit(N2)
N=N

Amoniac(NH3)
N

AxitNitric(HNO3)
O
HON
HHH
O
Lkhkhngmu Lkhkhngmu,mi Lchtlngkhngmu
mi v,hinhhn khaivxc.
Bckhitrongkhngkhm
khngkh,rtttan Nhhnkhngkh(do Tantrongnctheobtktl
trongnc(nnthu thukhNH3 bng
no.
N2 bngphng
cchykhngkh)
HNO3 khngbnlm,khiun
phpync)
Tannhiutrongnc, nng(hoccnhsng)bphn
Khngduytrs
todungdchamoniac
hymtphn:
sngvschy
ctnhbaz.
4HNO3 4NO2 +O2 +2H2O

Tnh
cht
ha
hc

Vnitclinkt
3nnkhtrvmt
hahc (Li).Ch
hotngnhit
cao.
*Tnhoxihac
trng:
t0
N2 +3H2
2NH3
N2 +6Li2Li
3 N
o
t
N2 +3MgMg3N2
*Tnhkh: o
3000
N2 +O2
2NO
kh NOkhng
bntrongkhngkh
nn2NO+O2 =
2NO2(munu)

*Tnhbazyu:
Vinc:
NH3 +H2O
NH4+ +

OH
(250C,KNH3=1,8.105)
DungdchNH3 lmcho
qutmhaxanh,
phenolptaleinkhngmu
hatm.
Viaxit:
NH3 +H+
NH4+(amoni)
NH3 +HClNH4Cl
NH3 +HNO3NH4NO3
Vidungdchmui:
.3NH3 +Al3+ +3H2O
Al(OH)3 +3NH4+
*Khnngtophc:
DungdchNH3 ckh
nnghatanhirxit
haymuittancamt
skimloitothnh
dungdchphccht
Cu(OH)2 +4NH3
[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
(d2 xanhthm)

stothnhccion
phc[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2,
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl,bng
cclinktchonhn
giacccpechas
dngcaNtrongNH3
viionkimloi
**Ch**:Al(OH)3,
Fe(OH)2,Fe(OH)3 khng
tantrongdungdchNH3
*Tnhkh:
ViO2: to
.4NH3 +3O2
2N2 +
6H2O
Pt,8500
. 4NH3 +5O2
4NO
+6H2O
ViClo:
2NH3 +3Cl2 =N2 +6HCl
(vNH3 +HCl=NH4Cl
khitrng)

Vimtsoxitkloi
to
2NH3 +3CuO3Cu
+N2 +3H2O
(ptngtvioxitch
&st

*Tnhaxitmnh:thhiny
tnhchtca1axitnh:lm
qutmha,t/dngvioxit
baz,baztothnhmuinitrat
+nctcdngvimuica
axityuhn.
Vd:
CuO+2HNO3Cu(NO3)2 +
H2O
Ca(OH)2 +2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2
+2H2O
CaCO3 +2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 +
CO2 +H2O.
*Tnhoxiha:
Tythucvonngcaaxit
HNO3 vbnchtcachtkh
mHNO3 bkhthnh1ssn
phmcanitnh:NO,NO2
N2N2ONH4NO3
Vikimloi(trAu,Pt).
Kimloictnhkhmnhnh
Mg,Al,Zn,..cthtosn
phmN2,N
2OhayNH4NO3
5Mg+12HNO3 5Mg(NO3)2
+N2 +6H2O
**Thngthngth:
HNO3 longNO
HNO3 cNO2
3Cu+8HNO3 long
3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO+4H2O
..Cu+4HNO3 Cu(NO3)2
+2NO2 +2H2O
Ch:
Fe,Al,Crbthngha
trongdungdchHNO3 c
ngui.Hnhpddchgm
HNO3 vHCl(tl1:3)cng
thycthhatanAu,Pt:
Au+HNO3 +3HCl AuCl3 +
NO+2H2O.
Viphikim:
Khiunnng,HNO3 cthtc
dngviccphikimnhC,S,
P,..,accphikimlnmc
oxihacaonhtcnHNO3
bkhvNOorNO2 tytheo
nngcaaxit.
S+6HNO3 H2SO4 +6NO2
+2H2O

 Vihpcht:nhFeO,
Fe(OH)2,muistII,H2S,
HI,SO2,
Vd:
3FeO+10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3
+NO+5H2O
3H2S+2HNO3 long 3S+
2NO+4H2O

ng
dng

iu
ch

Dngtnghp
amoniac,tsn
xutphnm,axit
HNO3
Lmmitrng
tr(dngtrongcng
nghipchngi
thiuthcphm,trn
nhcachtn
lngboan
ton)
*Trongcngnghip
chngctphn
onkhngkhlng

Dngsnxutcc
loiphnmnh
NH4NO3,NH4)2SO4,
ur
iuchhiranzin
N2H4 chtttnla
Lmchtgylnh

*Trongcngnghp:
TnghptN2 &H2:
N2 +3H2
2NH3
(entaH=92kJ)
lmtnghiusut
p:thchinp450
5000C3001000atm
cxctcFe/Al2O3.K2O
*Trongphngth
*Trongphngth
nghim: to
nghim:
NH4NO2 N2 +
Chomuiamoni (NH4
2H2O
)tcdngvikim(c
Hoc
to unnh)
NH4Cl+NaNO2 NH4+ +OHNH3 +
N2 +NaCl+2H2O
H2O
Vd:
NH4Cl+NaOHNH3
+NaCl+H2O
Mt
Thucnenbao TchringNH3 trong
sch gm:KNO3,CvS hnhpgmN2,H2 v
c Photphotothnh NH3 nnlnhhn
bit
mtshnhth bit hp,NH3 halng
ca
nh:photphoen Phnm(NH4NO3 or
nhm trng .
(NH4)2SO4 slmtng
Nit
chuachot

Lhachtcbn
Dngiuchphnbn
Dngsnxutthucn
nh:T.N.T,T.N.B,
Dngtrongcngnghip
nhum,dcphm

*Trongcngnghip:
tNH3 qua3giaion:
+Giaion1: o
4NH3 +5O2Pt,850 4NO+6H2O
+Giaion2:
2NO+O2 =2NO2
+Giaion3:
4NO2 +O2 +2H2O 4HNO3
*Trongphngthnghim:
to
NaNO3(rn) +H2SO4(c)HNO3
+NaHSO4

DungdchHNO3 cngoi
khngkhshanu
sxHNO3 trongcngnghip
cnquaccgon:tnghp
NH3 cbhhpNH3 +kkh
oxihaNH3toraNOoxi
haNOtoraNO2NO2+

H2OHNO3

**Tnghpccloiphnm:
PhnUrCO(NH4)2 thchhpchotphn,chua
PhnAmnNitratNH4NO3 :lloiphnsinhlchua

3.CchnhnbitchtnhmNit:
Cht
NH 3
(kh)
NH4+

Thucth
Qutmm
Dungdchkim
(chnh)
Cu

HNO3

Hintngxyravphnng
Quhaxanh
Giiphngkhcmikhai
NH4++OH NH3 +H 2O
Dungdchhaxanh,giiphngkhkhng
muvhanutrongkhngkh
3Cu+8HNO3 long 3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO+
4H2O
(muxanh)
V2NO+O2 2NO2
(munu)

NO 3

H2SO 4long,Cu

Dungdchhaxanh,giiphngkhkhng
muvhanutrongkhngkh:
3Cu+8H++2NO 3Cu2+ +2NO+4H2O
V2NO+O2 2NO2
(munu)

PO43

DungdchAgNO3

Tokttamuvng
3Ag+ +PO 43 Ag3PO 4

4. MtsoxitcaNit:
Oxit CTCT
Tnhcht
N2O N=NO
Khkhngmu
NO

NO 2

N2O 4

N2O 5

Khkhngmu,dha
nu
NO+1/2O 2 NO2
NOkhngtomui
OO
NO 2 khmunu
N
N2O4 lkhkomu
..3NO2 +H 2O
OO 2HNO3+NO
NN
..2NO2 +1/2O2 +H 2O
OO 2HNO
3
..2NO2 +2NaOH
NaNO 3 +NaNO 2 + H2O
OO N2O5 +H2O 2HNO3
:NO:

NON
OO

iuch
Kimloimnh+HNO3
Or:NH4NO3 N2O+H 2O
(k:2100C)
0
N2 +O23000 2NO

Cu+HNO3long NO+.+..

2NO+O2 2NO2
Kimloi+HNO3c
Or:
0
R(NO3)n t NO2 +..+
(viiukinRtMg.)

6HNO3 +P2O5 3N2O5 +

2H3PO4

5.Hiusut:
Cch1:Tnhtheolngchtbanucnly:
lngchtu(theoptp)cnly
H%= Lngchtu (thct)cnly *100%
Cch2: Tnhtheolngsnphmphnngthuc
H%=

lngsnphmthucthct
*100%
Lngsnphmthuctheop

6.pHcadungdch:
ividungdchHNO 3,tptinlycaHNO 3
HNO3 H+ +NO3 ,tac[H+]=CM(HNO3) risuyrapH
ividungdchNH3:NH3 lchtinlyyukophnlyhon
tonsdnginlya=CM(NH3)phnly /CM(NH3)hatan hoc
hngsphnlybaz Kb=1,8.105 =[NH4+].[OH] tm[OH]
[H+]pH.
[NH3]
7.Qutrnhnhitphncamuinitrat:
Xyra3dngnhitphn,nhsau:

M(NO3)n

viMlkimloitrcMgstora M(NO2)n +O2

viMlkimloitMgCustora M2On +NO2 +O2
viMlkimloisauCustora M+NO2 +O2

8.Phnngcamuinitrat(NO3)trongmitrngaxitvbaz:
*AniongcNitratNO3 :
Trongmitrngtrungtnhkhngctnhoxiha
Trongmitrngbazctnhoxihayu.(NO3 trongmi
trngkimcthbAl,ZnkhnNH3 )
Vd: 8Al+5NaOH+3NaNO3+2H2O 8NaAlO 2 +3NH 3
Ption:8Al+5OH +3NO 3 +2H 2O 8AlO2+3NH3
*
TrongmitrngaxitckhnngoxihanhHNO 3.Chnghn
chokimloitcdngvidungdchhnhp2axit(H 2SO4 longvHNO 3)hay
dungdchhnhpaxitHCl,H2SO 4 longvmuinitrat.Lcnycnphivit
phngtrnhdidngionthyrvaitrchtoxihacagcNO 3.
Vd: ChoCuvoddchhnhpNaNO 3 vH2SO4 longsxyrapgii
phngkhsau:
3Cu2+ +8H+ +2NO 3 3Cu2+ +2NO+4H2O

9.CcphnngcthxyragiaP2O5 vH3PO4 vdungdchbaz:

*H3PO4:
Lmttriaxit(axit3nc),axittrungbnh,nnkhitcdngvidung
dchbazsto1trong3snphmtheopsau:
H3PO 4 +OHH2PO4+H 2O
(1)

2
H3PO 4 +2OH HPO 4 +2H2O (2)
H3PO 4 +3OHHPO 43+3H2O
(3)
Cnctheotlptathy,nugiT=nOH thkhnngxyral:
nH3PO4
T
Phnngxyra
Snphmtothnh
T<1 P(1)
MuiH 2PO4 (H3PO4 cnd)
T=1 P(1)
MuiH 2PO4
1<T<2 P(1)v(2)
MuiH 2PO4 vHPO42
T=2 P(2)
MuiHPO42
2<T<3 P(2)v(3)
MuiHPO42 vPO 43
T=3 P(3)
MuiPO43
T>3 P(3)
MuiPO43 vaH cnd
*P2O5:
DoP2O5 loxittngngcaaxitH3PO4 nnkhitcdngvidung
dchbazthsxyrapgiaP2O5 vncH3PO4,sauH 3PO4 +baz
theotlbngtrn.SmolH3PO 4 ctnhthngquaphngtrnhgiaP2O5
vnc.
Cch2:
CngtinhnhlptlTgiasmolOH vsmolP2O5,sc3pxyra:
P2O5+2OH +2H2O 2H2PO4
(1)

2
P2O5+4OH 2HPO4 +H2O
(2)
P2O5+6OH 2PO 43 +3H2O
(3)
T
Phnngxyra
Snphmtothnh
T=2 P(1)
MuiH 2PO4
2<T<4 P(1)v(2)
2MuiH2PO 4 vHPO 42
T=4 P(2)
MuiHPO42
4<T<6 P(2)v(3)
2MuiHPO 42 vPO43
T=6 P(3)
MuiPO43
T>6 P(3)
MuiPO43 vaH cnd
B.TnghpBitpChngNitvPhtpho
I/Trcnghim:
1.Amoniacckhnngphnngvinhiucht,biv:
a/NguyntNtrongAmoniaccmtietdo
b/NguyntNtrongAmoniacmc iha3,ctnhkhmnh
c/Amoniacl1baz
d/a,b,cng.
2. iuchHNO3 trongphngthnghim,cchachtcnthitsdngl:
a/DungdchNaNO 3 vdungdchH 2SO4 c
6

b/NaNO3 tinhthvdungdchH2SO4 c
c/DungdchNaNO 3 vdungdchHClc
d/NaNO3 tinhthvdungdchHClc
3.Nhitphnhonton9,4gmtmuinitratkimloithuc4gmtchtrn.
Cngthcmuidng:
a/NH4NO3
b/HNO 3 c/Cu(NO3)2
d/Fe(NO3)3
4.Khnittngitrvmthahcnhitthngldonguynnhn:
a/PhntN2 clinktcnghatrkhngphncc
b/PhntN2 clinktion
c/PhntN2 clinktbartbnvng
d/NitcminlnnhttrongnhmVA.
5.HatanhontonmgamAlvodungdchHNO 3 rtlongthu chnhp
gm0,015molkhN2Ov0,01molkhNO.Gitrcam:
a/13,5g
b/1,35g
c/8,1g
d/10,8g
6.Bnhkncthtch0,5ltcha0,5molH2 v0,5molN 2.Khiphnngt
cnbngc0,02molNH 3 tonn.Hngscnbngcaphnngtrn:
a/0,00351 b/0,0026 c/0,00217 d/0,00197
7.NhttdungdchNH3 vodungdchCuSO 4 chotid.Hintngquan
stcl:
a/Xuthinkttamuxanhnht
b/Xuthinkttamuxanhnhtvkhilngkttatngdn
c/Xuthinkttamuxanhnht,lng kttatngdnnkhngi.
Saulngkttagimdnchotikhitanhtthnhdungdchmuxanhm
d/Xuthinkttamuxanhnht,lngkttatngdnnkhngi.
8.PhnngnochngtNH3 lmtchtkhmnh:
a/NH3 +HCl NH4Cl
b/2NH3 +H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4
c/2NH 3 +3CuOtoN2 +3Cu+3H2O
d/NH3 +H 2O NH4+ +OH
9.lmkhkhNH 3 ngitacthdng:
a/H 2SO4mc vCaO
b/P2O 5 vKOH
c/KOHvCaO
d/a,b,cusai
10.ChonmolCutcdngvavi120mldungdchhnhpHNO3 1Mv
H2SO 4 long0,5MththucVlitkhhanutrongkhngkh(ktc).V=?
a/1,344lit
b/0,672lit
c/a,bung d/a,busai
11.DungdchHNO3 c,khngmu,ngoinhsnglungyschuyn
thnhmu:
a/ensm
b/Nu
c/vng
d/Trngsa
12.tchringNH 3 rakhihnhpgmN2,H2,NH 3 trongcngnghip
ngitasdngphngphp:
a/Chohnhptrniquadungdchncvitrong
b/ChohnhptrniquaCuOnungnng
c/ChohnhptrniquaH 2SO4 c
d/Nnvlmlnhhnhp,NH 3 shalng
13.Thucnenlhnhpcacccht:
a/KNO 3 vSb/KNO3 ,CvSc/KClO 3,CvS
d/KClO 3 vC
7

14.T10m3 hnhpN2 vH2lytheotl1:3vthtchcthsnxutc

baonhiuNH3 bithiusutl95%:
a/5m3
b/4,25m3 c/7,5m3
d/4,75m3
15.Phnnghahcnosauyxyratrongthptipxccanhmysn
xutaxitnitricl:
a/4NH 3 +5O2 9000C,PtRb4NO+6H2O
b/4NH3 +3O2 2N 2 +6H 2O
c/2NO+O2 2NO2
d/4NO2 +O2 +H2O4HNO 3
16.Photphotothnhmtsdngthhnh:
a/Photphotrng,,hiPhotpho
b/Photphokttinhvvnhhnh
c/HiPhotpho,Photphotrng,en
d/Photphoen,trng,
17.snxutaxitnitrictrongcngnghipcnquaccgiaionsau:
1/OxihaNO
2/ChoNO2 +nc
3/OxihaNH3
4/ChunbhnhpNH3 vkhngkh
5/TnghpNH3
Trongthct,thtthchinccgiaionnhsau:
a/12345
b/45321
c/34521
d/54321

18.MunxcnhscmtcaNO trongdungdchmuinitrattachodung
dchmuinytcdngvi:
a/NH3
b/AgvCu
c/CuvdungdchH 2SO4 long
d/a,b,ckhngxcnhc
19.Nhitphnhonton9,4gmtmuinitratkimloithuc4gchtrn.
Cngthcmuidng:
a/Fe(NO3)3
b/Cu(NO3)2
c/Al(NO 3)3
d/muikhc
20.PhnmNH 4NO3 hay(NH4)2SO4 lmchot:
a/Tngchuacat
b/Gimchuacat
c/khngnhhngnchuacat
d/Lmtxp
21.Ccmuinosauykhinhitphnuphnhyrasnphmmuinitrit
vgiiphngoxi:
a/Cu(NO3)2Hg(NO3)2LiNO 3
b/Mg(NO3)2Zn(NO 3)2Fe(NO 3)2
b/Ca(NO3)2NaNO 3Mg(NO3)2
d/KNO 3Ca(NO3)2NaNO3
22.DungdchamoniaccthhatancZn(OH)2 ldo:
a/Zn(OH)2 lngtnh
b/Zn(OH)2 lbazttan
c/Zn(OH)2 khnngtothnhphcchttan,tngtnhCu(OH)2
d/NH3 lmthpchtcccvlmtbazyu
23.Cthphnbitmuiamoniviccmuikhcbngcchchontcdng
vikimmnh,vkhi :
a/Muiamonischuynthnhmu
b/Thotramtchtkhngmu,rtxc
c/Thotramtkhmunu
d/Thotramtchtkhngmu,khngmi
24.HpchtcanitkhngctorakhichoHNO3 tcdngvikimloi:
a/NO
b/NH3
c/NO2
d/N 2O5
8

25.PhnnggiaHNO 3 viFeOtorakhNO,tngcchstrongphng
trnhphnngoxihakhnybng:
a/22
b/20
c/16
d/12
26.MttrongccsnphmcaphnnggiakimlaMgviHNO 3 cnng
trungbnhlinitoxit.Tngcchstrongphngtrnhhahcbng:
a/10
b/18
c/24
d/20
27.Thm0,15molKOHvodungdchcha0,1molH3PO4.Sauphnngtrong
dungdchcccmui:
a/KH2PO 4 vK2HPO4
b/KH2PO 4 vK3PO4
c/K 2HPO 4 vK3PO4
d/KH2PO 4,K 2HPO4 vK 3PO4
28.Chncngthcngcamagiephotphua:
a/Mg2P2O7
b/Mg2P3 c/Mg3P2 d/Mg3(PO4)2
29.Chncngthcngcaapatit:
a/Ca3(PO 4)2
b/Ca(PO3)2
c/3Ca3(PO 4)2.CaF2
d/CaP2O 7
30.Cho44gNaOHvodungdchcha39,2gH3PO4.Saukhiphnngxyra
honton,emccndungdchthucncnkh.Muictonnv
khilngmuikhanthucl:
a/Na3PO 4 v50g
b/Na2HPO 4 v15g
c/NaH 2PO4 v49,2gNa2HPO4 v14,2g
d/Na2HPO4 v14,2gNa3PO4 v49,2g
31.NitphnngvioxitothnhNOiukin:
a/iukinthng
b/Nhitcaokhong100oC
b/Nhitcaokhong1000oC
d/Nhitcaokhong3000oC
32.Ngitasnxutkhnittrongcngnghipbngcch:
a/Chngctphnonkhngkhlng
b/NhitphndungdchNH4NO2 boha
c/Dngphotphotchyhtoxitrongkhngkh
d/Chokhngkhiquabtngnungnng
33.HiusutcaphnnggianitvhidrtothnhNH 3 tngnu:
a/Gimpsut,tngnhit
b/Gimpsutvnhit
b/Tngpsuttngnhit
d/Tngpsut,gimnhit
34.ChtcthhatancAgCll:
a/DungdchHNO3
b/DungdchH2SO4 c
c/DungdchNH 3 c
d/DungdchHCl
II/Tlun:
Bi1.Honthnhsphnngsau(ylsthhinvaitrthin
nhinvconngitrongvicchuynNittkhngkhvotcungcp
phnmchocy):
NO NO2Y Ca(NO3)2
N2
M NONO2 Y NH4NO3
Bi2.Chdngmtkimloi,lmthnophnbitnhngdungdch
sau:NaOH,NaNO3,HgCl2,HCl,HNO 3
Bi3.Dngphngphphahcnhnbitccldungdchsau:NH3,
NH 4NO 3,HN03,NaNO3,K3PO 4.
9

Bi4.ChainguyntA,Bthucphnnhmchnhtronghthngtun
hon.BittngsintchhtnhncaAvBbngskhicaNahius
intchhtnhncachngbngsintchhtnhncanit.
a/XcnhvtrcaA,Btrongbnghthngtunhon
b/VitcngthccutocthctA,Bvnguyntccuhnh
electronl1s1.
Bi5.NguyntRthucphnnhmchnh,ccngthcoxitcaonht
dngR2O5.HpchtcaRviHircha17,65%hirotheokhilng.Xc
nhnguyntR.
Bi6.MtoxitAcaNitccha30,43%Nvkhilng.Tkhihi
caAsovikhngkhl1,586.Xcnhcngthcphnt,cngtccutov
gitnA.
Bi7.MthnhpAgmCO2 vmtoxitcanitctkhihiviH 2
l18,5.Xcnhcngthccaoxitnitv%thtchcckhtrongA
Bi8.MthnhpXgmNO,NO2,N xOy .Bit%vthtchcacc
oxitl:%VNO =45%,%VNO2 =15%,%mNO =23,6%.XcnhNxO y?
Bi9.iuch68gNH 3 cnlybaonhiultkhN 2 vH 2 ktc.Bit
hiusutphnngl20%.
Bi10.Cnlybaonhiugam N2 vH 2 (oktc)iuchc51g
NH 3 bithiusutphnngl25%.
Bi11.TnhpHcadungdchbazyuNH3 0,05M,gisinlyca
nbng0,02.
Bi12.TnhpHcaccdungdchsau,bitNH3 cK b=1,8.105.
a/DungdchncNH 3 1M
b/DungdchmuiNH4Cl0,1M
Bi13. HatanhontonmgamAltrong2litdungdchHNO3 ththu
c8,96lkh(ktc)hnhpkhA(gmNO,N2O)ctkhihisoviH2
=16,75.TnhmvCM HClemdng?
Bi14.Nung15,04gmuiCu(NO3)2,saucngthycnli8,56gchtrn.
a/Tnh%khilngCu(NO 3)2 bphnhy
b/Xcnhthnhphnchtrncnli
Bi15.Nhitphn9,4gmtmuinitratkimloiMnkhiphnngxy
rahonton,chtrncnlicnnng4g.XcnhmuinitratkimloiM.
Bi16.Cho1,92gngvo100mldungdchchangthiKNO3
0,16MvH2SO4 0,4MthysinhramtchtkhctlkhihisoviH2 l15
vdungdchA.
a/Vitphngtrnhionthugnvtnhthtchkhsinhraktc.
b/TnhthtchdungdchNaOH0,5Mtithiucndngktta
tonbionCu2+ trongdungdchA.
Bi17.Cho100mldungdchH 3PO4 3Mtcdngvi200mldungdch
NaOH2,5M.
a/Tnhkhilngmuitothnh
b/Tnhnngmolcadungdchtothnh

10

BNGTUNHONCCNGUYNTHAHC:
Nhm

Chu
k

1 2 3

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1
H

2
He

3 4
Li Be

5
B

11 12
N M
a g

13 14 15 16 17 18
Al Si P S Cl Ar

19 20 21
K Ca Sc

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37
38 39
R
Sr Y
b

40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La
Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

89
87 88
A
Fr Ra
c

**

6
C

7
N

8
O

9 10
F Ne

11
10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 112
114 115 116 117 118
3
4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Uu
Uu Uu Uu Uu Uu
Uu
Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg b
q p h s o
t

58
59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
* NhmLantan C
Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
e
90
95 96
10
91 92 93 94
97 98 99
101 102 103
** NhmActini T
A C
0
Pa U Np Pu
Bk Cf Es
Md No Lr
h
m m
Fm
Ccnhmcnggctrongbngtunhon
KimloikimKimloikimthnhmLantan nhmActiniKimloichuyntip
Kimloiyu kim
Phikim
Halgen
Khtr
Trngthinhitvpsuttiuchun

Musnguyntlkhnhitvpsuttiuchun
Musnguyntlclchtlngnhit vpsuttiuchun
Musnguynten lchtrnnhitvpsuttiuchun

T lxuthintnhin
Vinlin:cngvgihn Trit(chtnguynthy)
Vingchgch:thngsinhratphnngphnrccnguyntkhc,khngc
ngvgihnTrit
Vinchmchm:toratrongphngthnghim(nguyntnhnto)
Khngcvin:chatmthy

11