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VAN E 8

BAT PHNG TRNH


LNG GIAC
213

Van e 8

Bat PhngTrnh Lng Giac


A. TOM TAT LY THUYET

Bien oi lng giac la ky nang khong the thieu c khi bat au


vao cac bpt lng giac .

Tng bc a ve dang uv hoac

u
sau o xet dau cua cac ham
v

so lng giac tng ng tren ng tron lng giac , ta se suy


c trc tiep .
Co the a ve cac dang c ban nh bpt bac 1, bac 2, bac cao
hoac co the at an phu e a ve cac dang quen thuoc
Co the a ve dang oi lap .
Co the dung o th hoac bang bien thien e can thiep vao .
Co the a ve dung cac tnh chat ong bien hoac nghch bien
cua cac ham so thong dung
Co the dung MAX , MIN e can thiep vao mot so bai toan tm
m e bpt co nghiem tren tap xac nh cua no , vo nghiem ,hoac
co t nhat nghiem,
Co the anh gia cac bieu thc tham gia vao bai toan
Co the ap dung cac bat ang thc quan biet nh Cosi , Bunhia
cop xki va cac batang thc khac .Nh o cac bai toan c giai
quyet gon ganh va nhanh chong .
Co the dung phng phap oi bien so
e giai bat phng trnh ta co the thc hien cac bc sau :
- at an so ban au x = (t) (hay t = (x) , trong o t c coi la an
so mi , la ham so lien tuc theo t sao cho khi t bien thien tren
tap xac nh D1 th x bien thien tren toan bo tap xac nh D cua
bat phng trnh a cho
- Ket hp tap xac nh D va cac ieu kien rang buoc khac e ua
ra ket luan ve nghiem theo an so ban au
214

Sau ay la mot so v du t n gian en phc tap e cac ban co


the tham khao ..

B. BAI TAP CO HNG DAN GIAI


Bai 1
Giai bat phng trnh :

sin x ( cos x -

1
) > 0
2

Giai

Ta co :

sin x > 0

(1)

cos x > 1
k 2 < x < + k 2

2
3

(2k + 1) < x < 5 + k 2


sin x < 0

1 (2)
3

cos x <

2

Bai 2
Giai bat phng trnh :

sinx < sin2x(*)


Giai
(*) 2sinxcosx sinx > 0 sinx(2cosx 1 ) > 0

sin x > 0
sin x < 0


1
1
cos x > 2 cos x < 2

k 2 < x < 3 + k 2

(k,l Z)
+ l 2 < x < 2 + l 2
3

215

Bai 3
Giai bat phng trnh : cos3x -

3 sin3x 1 (1)
Giai

(1)

1
3
1
1

cos 3x
sin 3x
cos 3 x +
(1)
2
2
2
3 2

Da vao ng tron lng giac :


(1)

+ k2 3x +

3
3
2
2
2

+k
xk
9
3
3

+ k2

Bai 4
Giai bat phng trnh :

2x2 sinx 1 2sinx(sinx 1) + cos2x (*)


Giai
(*) 2x2sinx 1 2sin2x 2sinx + 2 2sin2x
(2x2 + 2)sinx 2 (x2 + 1)sinx 1
sinx 1 (v x2 + 1 > 0 x R) x R
Bai 5
Giai bat phng trnh :

cos2x +

3 sinx.cosx < 1 (1)

Giai
(1) cos2x +

3 sin2x < 1
1
13
5

sin 2 x + <
+ k 2 < 2 x + <
+ k 2
6 2
6
6
6

+ k < x + k

Bai 6
Giai bat phng trnh :

cosx +

1
5
(*)
cos x 2

Giai

5
cos 2 cos x + 1
2
(*)
0
cos x
216

(cos x 2)(2 cos x 1)


cos x

2 cos x 1
0
cos x

(do cosx < 2 , x)

1 cos x
1
0 < cosx

2 0 < cosx
2
2
cos x < 0

2 + k 2 < x < 3 + k 2

3 + k 2 < x 5 + k 2
2
2
Bai 7
Giai bat phng trnh :

sin 2 x
1 cos 2x

(1)

Giai
(1)

Bai 8

sin 2x
2 sin 2 x
cotg x

0
0

(ieu kien : x k )
(ieu kien : x k )

+ k x + k
2

loai tr x = k

nh m e bat phng trnh vo nghiem : sin (2x -

3
) m3
2

Chu y :
f(x) m co nghiem khi m max f(x) , x D
f(x) m vo nghiem khi m > max f(x) , x D

) [ 1,1]
3

T o suy ra : sin (2x - ) co max bang 1


3
3
3
> 1 m>1+
Bat phng trnh vo nghiem m 2
2
Ta co : sin (2x -

217

Bai 9
nh m e bat phng trnh co nghiem :

sin2x sinx m2 2m , x 0,
4
Giai

t = sin x


Khi x 0, th
2
4
0 t
2

Xet f(t) = t2 t ;

f(t) = 2t 1

f(t)

f(t)

1
2
_

2
2

1 2
2

1
4

Bang bien thien cho ta : maxf(x) = 0

, vi x 0,

Bat phng trnh co nghiem m 2m maxf(x) ,


m2 2m 0 m(m 2) 0 0 m 2.
Bai 10
Giai bat phng trnh :
cos3x.cos3x sin3x.sinx

5
(1)
8

Giai
(1) cos3x(4cos3x 3cosx) sin3x(3sinx 4sin3x)

4(cos6 + sin6) 3(sin4x + cos4x)

218

5
8

5
8

4(1 3sin2x.cos2x) 3(1 2sin2x.cos2x)

5
8

5
1
sin22x
8
4
1
1
sin2x - sin2x
2
2
5
5
4
2
3 + k 2 2 x 3 + k 2
3 + k x 6 + k


+ k 2 2 x 2 + k 2
+ k x + k
3
6
3
3
1 6sin2x.cos2x

Bai 11
1-\ Tm tat ca cac nghiem cua phng trnh :

x
sinxcos4x + 2sin 2x = 1 4 sin 4 2

x 1 < 3
x 2 + 3 > x

thoa man he bat phng trnh :

2-\ Tm gia tr ln nhat cua ham so :

f(x) = 5cosx cos5x tren oan ;


4 4
(ai hoc An ninh 2001)
Giai
1-\ Ta co :
sinxcos4x + 2sin22x

= 1 4sin2 4 2

x
2

sinxcos4x + 1 cos4x = 1 - 2 1 cos

cos4x(sinx 1) = 2(sinx 1)

sin x = 1
( vo nghiem)
cos 4 x = 2

(sinx 1) (cos4x 2) = 0

219


+ k2 ; k Z
2
x 1 < 3
x < 4
| x 1|< 3

x 1 > 3

-2 < x < 4
2
x + 3 > x
x 2 + x + 3 > 0 x > 2

Vay sinx = 1 x =

ieu kien cua bai toan c thoa man k = 0

2

x ;
4 4

Khi o nghiem cua phng trnh : x =


2-\ Ta co : f(x) = 5cosx cos5x
f(x) = -5sinx + 5sin5x

x = k 2
f(x) = 0 sin5x = sinx
x = + k ; k Z
6
3


V x ; , ta thay x = 0 ; x =
;x=
6
6
4 4
Lai co : f(x) = -5cosx + 25cos5x
f(x) = 20 > 0


= -15 3 < 0.
6

Vay ham so f(x) at cc ai tai x =


va gia tr cc ai la f =
6
6

3 3

= 3 2 ; f = 3 2
4
4

Ngoai ra : f

Vay gia tr ln nhat cua f(x) la 3 3 (khi x=

220

)
6

Bai 12
Tm m e bat phng trnh sau vo nghiem :

1
3 sin 2 x + sin 2 x m (*)
2
Giai

2m 3

3 (1 cos2x) + sin2x 2m sin 2 x


3
2

2m 3
3+2
>1m>
e bat phng trnh vo nghiem th :
2
2

(*)

Bai 13
Giai bat phng trnh
2cos2x + sin2xcosx + sinxcos2x > 2(sinx + cosx)(1)
Giai
(1) (sinx + cosx)[2(-sinx + cosx) + sinxcosx 2] > 0
at f(x) = (sinx + cosx)[2(-sinx + cosx) + sinxcosx 2]

sin x + cos x = 0

1 t2

2
+
2=0
t
f(x) = 0

t 2

vi t = cosx sinx

3
7

x = 4 x = 4
sin x + cos x = 0


cos x sin x = 1
x = 0 x = 3

2
Do x la ham so tuan hoan nen ta ch can xet dau cua f(x) tren [0 ; 2]

3
3
4 <x< 2
Trong 1 chu ky [0 ; 2] nghiem la :
7 < x < 2
4
Vay nghiem cua bat phng trnh la :

221

3
3
4 + k 2 < x < 2 + k 2

7 + k 2 < x < 2 + k 2
4
Bai 14
Giai bat phng trnh :

(k Z)

(sinx + cosx)2 (tgx + cotgx)2 (1)


Giai

(sin x + cos x )2 2 (Cauchy)


(tgx + cot gx )2 4 (BCS)

Ta co :

Do ve trai va ve phai hoan toan oi lap


Vay (1) vo nghiem
Ban oc co the da vao cac bat ang thc c ban vi 2 chieu oi lap
nhau e dan en 1 s oi lap hoan toan va cho ra bat phng trnh vo
nghiem de dang .
Bai 15
Giai bat phng trnh :

sin x cos 2 x + 10
> sin 2 x + 3 sin x 4 (*)
log 5
4 sin x cos 2 x + 6
Giai

sin x + sin x + 9
2

> sin 2 x + 3 sin x 4 (1)


(*) log 5
2
2 sin x + 4 sin x + 5
at t = sinx (-1 t 1)

t2 + t + 9

> t 2 + 3t 4
(1) log 5 2
2t + 4t + 5
at a = 2t2 + 4t + 5 ;

b = t2 + t + 9

b
a

(1) log 5 > a b log5a log5b > a b

log 5 a log 5 b < 0


(1) vo nghiem
a b > 0

Vi a > b

Vi a < b 2t2 + 4t + 5 < t2 + t + 9 -4 < t < 1


222

log 5 b log 5 a > 0


(1) co nghiem 4 < t < 1
a b < 0

-4 < sinx < 1 x R


Bai 16
Giai bat phng trnh : 2cos2x + 4sinx cosx 4 (*)
Giai
2
(*) 2 4sin x + 4sinx cosx 4
4sin2x 4sinx + 1 + cosx + 1 0 (2sinx 1)2 + cosx + 1 0 (1)
ma (2sinx 1)2 0 ; (cosx + 1) 0 ve trai 0
(1) co nghiem khi va ch khi dau = xay ra

cos x = 1


1 vo nghiem (*) vo nghiem .
sin
x
=

2
Bai 17
Giai bat phng trnh :

4 sin 2
2
8 2 sin 3
+

(*)
sin
sin 2
sin 3
Giai

2
at x =
vi t 2
sin
Bpt (*)

x 2

x 1 + x x 2 1 1
2 (1)
3 3 + 1 x 2
x
x x
2

at f(x) = VT =

1 1

+ 1;
x x3

11 1 3 1
3
f(x) = 3 2 + 4
2 x x x
x

11 1
= 3
2 x x

2
3

(3 x ) < 0
2

x4

vi x 2

223

g(x) = VP =

2
; g(x) =
x2

1 + 3 > 0
x
2
2 x 2
x
1

f(x) giam va g(x) tang x 2


Vi x = 3 th f(x) = g(x)
Vay (1) x 3
Bai 18

2
2 3 sin
2
3
0 0 < sin
sin
sin
3
2

1
1

Giai bat phng trnh : sin x +


+ cos x +
9
sin x
cos x

ieu kien : x k

Giai

2
1
1
VT = sin 2 x +
+ 2 + cos 2 x +
+2
2
cos 2 x
sin x
sin 2 x + cos 2 x
4
= 5+
= 5+
2
2
sin x cos x
sin 2 2 x
4
Ta co : 0 < sin22x 1
4 VT 9
sin 2 2 x
bpt sin22x = 1 sin2x = 1 2x =

+ k x =

Bai 19

m +1
+ 2m + 9 0 (1)
cos x

Tm m e (1) luon ung vi moi m 0;
2
Cho bat phng trnh : tg 2 x +

Giai

at t =
vi 0 < x <
t>1
cos x
2

(1) t2 + 1 + (m + 1)t + 2m + 9 0 t > 1

224

+k

m(t + 2) -t2 t 10 t > 1 m


(do t > 1 t > -2 t + 2 > 0)
D = (1 ; +)

t 2 4t + 8
f(t) =
(t + 2) 2
t

t 2 t 10
= f(t) t > 1
t+2

f(t) = 0 t = 2 2 3
1

f(t)
f(t)

+
-4

-2+2 2
0
3-4 3
(+)

Vay m 3 4 3
Bai 20
Giai bat phng trnh :

2 sin 2

x
+ cos x + 2 sin x 1 tren [0 ; 2] (*)
2
Giai

x
)
2
cos 2t + 1
2sin2t + cos2t + 1 + 2sin2t 2 sin2t +
+ sin2t 1
2

(*) 2sin2t + cos2t + 2sin2t 1 (at t =

sin2t + cos2t + sin2t 1 sin2t 0 sinx 0 x [0 ; ]


Bai 21
Giai bat phng trnh : cos2x + sinx 1 < 0 (1)
Giai
(1) -2sin2x + sinx < 0 sinx(1 2sinx) < 0

sin x < 0 sin x > 0


sin x < 0
sin x > 0



1
1
1 2 sin x > 0 1 2 sin x < 0
sin x < 2 sin x > 2
+ k 2 < x < 2 + k 2
1
sinx < 0 sinx >

(k Z)
+ k 2 < x < 5 + k 2
2
6
6
225

Bai 22
nh a e bat phng trnh sau co nghiem :
sin2x (a + 2)sinx + a 3 > 0(*)
Giai
(*) (sinx 1)a < sinx 2sinx 3
at t = sinx , t [-1 ; 1]
Bpt (t 1)a < t2 2t 3

t 2 2t 3
:a
t 1

t>1:a<

t = 1 : bpt 0.a < -4 (vo ly) : a


-1 t < 1

t 2 2t 3
Bpt a >
t 1
2
t 2t 3
vi 1 t 1
at f(t) =
t 1
t 2 2t + 5
f(t) =

(t 1)2

t
f(t)
f(t)

> 0; t
-1

0
YCBT a > 0
Bai 23
Giai bat phng trnh sau :

1
||
||

1 cos 2 x
1
2.
2 (*)
1 + cos 2 x
cos 2 x
Giai

sin x
1
2.
2
2
cos x
cos 2 x
1
1
1
tg 2 + 1 2.
1
2.
1
2
2
cos x
cos 2 x
cos x

(*)

226

1
1 cos2x = 1 cosx = 1 cosx = -1
cos 2 x

x = k2 x = + k2
Bai 24
Tm m e bat phng trh co nghiem :

1
1 cos 2 x
2.
m (*)
1 + cos 2 x
cos 2 x
Giai

Theo tren ta co :

1
1
1
2.
m +1
m 1
2
2
cos x
cos x
cos 2 x
1
m 1 > 0 m > 1 : bpt cos2x
m 1
1
1 1 m 1 m 2 (thoa ieu kien m > 1)
YCBT
m 1
1
m 1 < 0 m < 1 : bpt cos2x
m 1
1
YCBT
0 1 0 (vo ly) m
m 1
1
m = 1 : bpt
0 : vo nghiem
cos 2 x

Bpt (*)

Vay bat phng trnh co nghiem khi va ch khi m 2


Bai 25
Giai bat phng trnh :
cosx > cotgx(*)
Giai

1
cos x

cosx 1
>0
sin x
sin x
cos x > 0 cos x < 0

1
1
sin x < 1 sin x > 1

(*) cosx >

(Ban oc tiep tuc t giai )


227

Bai 26
nh m e bat phng trnh co nghiem :
2cos2x + 4 sin

+ 5 m 0 (*)
Giai

1 cos 2 x
2

+5 m
1
at t = 2cos2x vi t [ ; 2]
2
t 2 + 5t + 2
2
m
Bpt t + + 5 m
t
t
1
t 2 + 5t + 2
vi t [ ; 2]
at f(t) =
t
2
2
t 2
f(t) =
t2
f(t) = 0 t = 2
1
t
-2+2 2
2
(*) 2

cos 2 x

+4

f(t)
f(t)

19
2

2
+
8

2 2 +5
Bat phng trnh co nghiem khi va ch khi m 2 2 + 5
Bai 27
Giai bat phng trnh :

1 + sin x 1 sin x
+
a (*)
1 sin x 1 + sin x

ieu kien x n , n nguyen


Ta co :
(*)
228

Giai

1 + sin x 1 sin x
2 2 sin x cos x
+
a
a
1 sin x 1 + sin x
1 cos 2 x

2
2 cot gx a 2cotg2x 2cotgx + 2 a a
sin 2 x

(1)

= 2a 3

3
0
2
1 2a 3
1 + 2a 3
Khi o (1)
cot gx
2
2

Vay k + va k + (k Z) vi -

<<

2
2
1 + 2a 3
1 2a 3
va cotg =
cotg =
2
2

va -

< <

va

Bai 28
Giai bat phng trnh :
2cos2x + sin2xcosx + sinxcos2x > 2(sinx + cosx) (1)
Giai
Ta co :
(1) 2(sinx + cosx) < 2(cos2x sin2x) + sinxcosx(sinx + cosx)
(sinx + cosx)[2(cosx sinx) + sinxcosx 2] > 0

sin x = 1 t 2

at t = cosx sinx t = 2 cos x +


4

t 2

Khi o ta co :

2 cos x 2t + 1 t 2 2 > 0
4
2

2 cos x (t 1)(t 3) > 0


42

Do t 3 < x

(1) cos x

(t 1) > 0
4
229

cos x 4 > 0


(a)
(b)
cos x + > 1

4
2

cos x 4 < 0

cos x + < 1

4
2

Giai a) : Xet 1 chu ky 2 ta co :

>0 < x < < x<


4
2
4 2
4
4

cos x + >
< x+ <
<x<0
2
4
4 4
4
2

cos x

Ket hp nghiem ta c :

+ k2 < x < 2(k + 1) (k Z)

Giai : b) : Xet 1 chu ky 2 ta co :

3
7

<x<
<0 < x <
4
2
6
2
4
4

1
3

cos x + <

< x+ <
0< x<
4
4
4
4
2
2

3
3
+ k2 < x <
+ k2 (k Z)
Ket hp nghiem ta c :
4
2

cos x

Bai 29
Giai bat phng trnh : 4(sin4x + cos4x) > 2sinx.cosx + 3
Giai
Ta co :

1 cos 2 x 2 1 + cos 2 x 2
(1) 4
> sin 2 x + 3
+
2
2

2sin22x + sin2x 1 > 0 2(sin2x + 1)(sin2x -

sin 2 x <

2
sin 2 x 1
230

1
)<0
2

5
k
2
2
x
+
<
<
+ 2(k + 1)

6
6

2 x 3 + k 2

(1)


5
12 + k < x < 12 + (k + 1)

x 3 + k

4
Bai 30
Tm tat ca cac gia tr cua a e bat phng trnh :
a(4 sinx)4 3 + cos2x + a > 0 co tap nghiem la R
Giai
Gia s a thoa man e bai .V bat phng trnh co nghiem la R nen
x=

la nghiem , do o ta phai co

a 4 sin 3 + cos 2 + a > 0 82a 3 > 0 a >


2
2
82

3
Vay la moi a thoa man e bai eu nam trong khoang a >
82
3
.V cos2x 0
Gia s a >
82
4

Nen 4 sinx 3 (4 sinx)4 81 x


V a > 0 nen ta co :
a(4 sinx)4 3 + cos2x + a 81a 3 + a = 82a 3 > 0

Vay khi a >

3
th bat phng trnh co tap nghiem la R
82

Bai 31
Tm tat ca cac gia tr cua tham so a e bat phng trnh :
a2 + 2a sin2x = 2acosx nghiem ung x
Giai
V sin2x = 1 cos2x nen at t = cosx -1 t 1 va bat phng trnh
tr thanh :
y = t2 2at + a2 2a 3 > 0 t [-1 ; 1]
ay la 1 parabol quay be lom ve pha tren , co nh tai iem t = a ,
nen gia tr be nhat ymin cua no tren [-1 , 1] la :
231

y ( 1) = a 2 + 4a 2

ymin = y (a ) = 2a 3
y (1) = a 2 2

khi a -1
khi - 1 < a < 1
khi a 1

y > 0 t [-1 ; 1] ymin > 0 khi t [-1 ; 1]


Khi a -1 : a2 + 4a 2 > 0 a < -2 - 6

Khi 1 < a < 1 : 2a 3 > 0 a >

Khi a 1 : a2 2 > 0 a >

3
(loai)
2

Vay bat phng trnh nghiem ung x khi a > 2 hoac a < -2 Bai 32
Giai bat phng trnh : cos2x + 5cooxsx + 3 0 (*)
Giai
2
(*) 2cos x + 5cosx + 3 0 (1)
at t = cosx vi 1 t 1
(1) 2t2 + 5t + 3 0 t -2 t So sanh ieu kien ta co :

1
2

1
t1
2

1
2
2
cosx 1 + k2 x
+ k2
2
3
3

Bai 33
Giai bat phng trnh :

sinx + cosx 3sinxcosx 1 (1)


Giai
at t = sinx + cosx , t 2

t2 = 1 + 2sinx.cosx sinx.cosx =

t 2 1
2

t 2 1
) 1 2t 3(t2 1) 2
(1) t 3(
2
1
-3t2 + 2t + 1 0 t - t 1
3
232

1 t 2
So ieu kien nhan :
2 t 1

3
1t 2
1 sinx + cosx

2 cos x
4

cos x 1 + k 2 x + k 2
2
4
4
4
4

k2 x

2 1

+ k2

- 2 t

1
3

- 2 sinx + cosx -

4
3 2
1

-1 cos x
at cos =

3 2

(*) + k2 x -

1
1

2 cos x
3
4
3

(*)

2 - + k2

+ k2 x

9
- + k2
4

233

Bai 34
1-\ Tm k e bat phng trnh sau co nghiem :
x
k
3 .sinx + 2sin2
2
2-\ Tm nghiem cua bat phng trnh :
x
1
3 .sinx + 2sin2
2
Thoa ieu kien : log2 (x2 x +2) 2
(e ai Hoc Tong Hp TP HCM )
Giai
x
1-\
3 .sinx + 2sin2
k 3 sin x + 1 cos x k
2
3
1
k 1
k 1

sin x
sin x cos x
2
2
2
6
2

k 1
Bat phng trnh vo nghiem khhi va ch khi
1 k3
2
2-\ theo tren vi k = 1 , ta co :

sin x 0 2k x + 2k
6
6

+ 2k x
+ 2k (1)
6
6
Mat khac :
log2 (x2 x +2 ) 2 x2 x + 2 4 ( v x2 x + 2 > 0 , x )
x2 x + 2 = 0 1 x 2 (2)
Trong (1) , vi k = 1 th :

x . Khi o , giao vi (2) , ta lay 1 x .


6
6
6

7
Vi k = 0 th
; giao vi (2) ta lay
x2.
x
6
6
6
Vay cac gia tr x c lay trong (1) e thoa man (2) la :
1 x 2.

234

Bai 35
Tm y e bat phng trnh sau co nghiem vi moi x :
x 2 cos y 2 x cos y sin y + sin y 0
(e ai Hoc Tai Chnh _ Ke toan )
Giai
2
x cos y 2x cos y sin y + sin y 0 , x .

cos y = 0 x = + 2k
sin
y
0

2
cos y 0 , bat phng trnh nghiem ung x
Bai 36
Chng minh rang bat phng trnh :
sinx(cos2x + sin.2x) + sin 3x < 9cos3x

c thoa man x 0;
3
(e ai Hoc Y Dc TP HCM)
Giai

Ta co : sinx(cos2x + sin.2x) + sin 3x < 9cos3x ; x 0;
2

sinxcos2x + 2sin2xcosx +3sinx 4sin3x < 9cos3x ; x 0;
2

Khi x = , bat phng trnh co dang : 1 < 0 ( ung )


2

Khi x 0; cosx > 0
2
Chia hai ve bat phng trnh cho cos3x > 0 , ta c :
tgx + 2tg2x + 3tgx(1 + tg2x) 4tg3x < 9 tg3x 2tg2x 4tgx + 9 > 0

at t = tgx ; vi x 0; tgx 0 hay t 0
2
Xet ham so : f(t) = t3 2t2 4t +9 ; t [0;+]

t = 2
2
f(t) = 3t2 4t 4 ; f(t) = 0
t = 3
235

Bai 37
Cho phng trnh : 4cos5xsinx 4sin5xcosx = sin24x + m (1)
1-\ Biet rang x = la 1 nghiem cua (1) . Hay giai phng trnh (1)
trong trng hp o.

2-\ Cho biet x =


la 1 nghiem cua (1) . Hay tm tat ca cac nghiem
8
cua phng trnh (1) thoa man : x 4 3x 2 + 2 < 0 .
(e ai Hoc Quoc Gia TP HC M )
Giai
4
Ta co (1) 4 sin x cos x (cos x sin 4 x ) = sin 2 4 x + m

2 sin 2 x (cos 2 x + sin 2 x )(cos 2 x sin 2 x ) = sin 2 4x + m


sin 4x sin 2 4 x = m (2)
1-\ x = la nghiem cua (1) nen cung la nghiem cua (2) .
sin 4 sin 2 4 = m m = 0
Do o (2) : sin 4x sin 2 4 x = 0

x = k (k Z)
4 x = k(k Z)

sin 4 x = 0

A
sin 4 x = 1
4 x = 2 + A 2(A Z)
(A Z)
x = +
8 2

2-\ . x =
la nghiem cua (2) :
8

2
sin
sin
= m m= 2
2
2
Vay (1) sin 4x sin 2 4 x = 2 sin 4 x = 2(loai)
sin 4 x = 1

4x = + k 2(k Z) x = + k (k Z)
2
8
2
4
2
* Mat khac : x 3x + 2 < 0

( x 2 1)( x 2 2) < 0 1 < x 2 < 2 1 < x < 2


2 < x < 1
1<

236

+ k < 2 , k Z xay ra k = 1
8
2

+ k < 1 , k Z khong xay ra .


8
2
3
Vay c co x = + =
la thoa man bai toan .
8 2 8
Bai 38
Xac nh m e bat phng trnh sau vo nghiem :

2 <

1
3 sin 2 x + sin 2 x m
2
(ai hoc dan lap Lac Hong , nam 1998 1999)
Giai

1
3 sin 2 x + sin 2 x m
2
1

cos
2x 1

3
+ sin 2 x m
2
2

1
3
3 2m 3
sin 2 x
cos 2 x m =
2
2
2
2
2m 3

cos sin 2 x sin cos 2 x


3
3
2
2m 3

sin 2 x
3
2

Bat phng trnh vo nghiem khi

2+ 3
2m 3
> 1 hay m >
2
2

Bai 39
Giai bat phng trnh : cos x + 3 sin x < 2, x [ 0; 2]
Giai
cos x + 3 sin x < 2 cos x + 3 sin x 2 < 0

at f (x) = cos x +

3 sin x 2.

ta co f xac nh va lien tuc tren

0; 2

f (x) = 0 cos x + 3 sin x = 2 cos cos x + sin sin x = cos


3
3
4

237

x = 12


cos(x ) = cos
x =
3
4

12

x
0

f(x)

12
- 0

2
+

7
12
0

2
-

7
Vay trong [ 0; 2] , f(x) ch co 2 nghiem la
va
. Ta co :
12
12
. f (0) = 1 2 < 0

2
. f (2) = 1 2 < 0

.f( ) = 3 2 > 0

Vay : Tap nghiem cua bat phng trnh la 0;

238

; 2
12 12

C. BAI TAP T GIAI


Bai 1
sinx.(cosx -

1
)>0
2

k2 < x < 3 + k2
ap so :
(2k + 1) < x < 5 + k2

3
Bai 2

ap so :

sin 2x
0
1 cos 2x

+ k x + k
2

Bai 3
nh m e bat phng trnh vo nghiem :

sin 2x
ap so : m > 1 +

3
m2
3

3
2

Bai 4
sin2x sinx m2 2m , x [0 ,

]
4

ap so : 0 m 2
Bai 5
Tm m e bat phng trnh sau co nghiem :

2 cos2 x cos x + 1
m 1, x [0 , ]
cos x 2

ap so : m -1
Bai 6
Tm m e bat phng trnh sau co nghiem

239

2 cos 2 x cos x + 1
m 1 ,x [0, ]
cos x 2

Nhac lai :
1) f(x) m co nghiem khi m min f(x) , x D
2) f(x) m vo nghiem khi m < min f(x) , x D
at t = cosx , t [ 1,1]

2 t 2 8t + 1
2t 2 t + 1
f(t) =
; f(t) =
t2
( t 2) 2

4 14
t =
2
f(t) = 0

4 + 14
t =
2

t
f(t)
f(t)

-1

4 14
2

4
3

1
-

4 14

Bai 7.
Vi gia tr nao cua m th phng trnh sau co nghiem :
(m2 3m + 2)cos2x = m(m -1)

240

4 + 14
2
-2

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