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Van e 8
u
sau o xet dau cua cac ham
v
sin x ( cos x -
1
) > 0
2
Giai
Ta co :
sin x > 0
(1)
cos x > 1
k 2 < x < + k 2
2
3
1 (2)
3
cos x <
2
Bai 2
Giai bat phng trnh :
sin x > 0
sin x < 0
1
1
cos x > 2 cos x < 2
k 2 < x < 3 + k 2
(k,l Z)
+ l 2 < x < 2 + l 2
3
215
Bai 3
Giai bat phng trnh : cos3x -
3 sin3x 1 (1)
Giai
(1)
1
3
1
1
cos 3x
sin 3x
cos 3 x +
(1)
2
2
2
3 2
+ k2 3x +
3
3
2
2
2
+k
xk
9
3
3
+ k2
Bai 4
Giai bat phng trnh :
cos2x +
Giai
(1) cos2x +
3 sin2x < 1
1
13
5
sin 2 x + <
+ k 2 < 2 x + <
+ k 2
6 2
6
6
6
+ k < x + k
Bai 6
Giai bat phng trnh :
cosx +
1
5
(*)
cos x 2
Giai
5
cos 2 cos x + 1
2
(*)
0
cos x
216
2 cos x 1
0
cos x
1 cos x
1
0 < cosx
2 0 < cosx
2
2
cos x < 0
2 + k 2 < x < 3 + k 2
3 + k 2 < x 5 + k 2
2
2
Bai 7
Giai bat phng trnh :
sin 2 x
1 cos 2x
(1)
Giai
(1)
Bai 8
sin 2x
2 sin 2 x
cotg x
0
0
(ieu kien : x k )
(ieu kien : x k )
+ k x + k
2
loai tr x = k
3
) m3
2
Chu y :
f(x) m co nghiem khi m max f(x) , x D
f(x) m vo nghiem khi m > max f(x) , x D
) [ 1,1]
3
217
Bai 9
nh m e bat phng trnh co nghiem :
sin2x sinx m2 2m , x 0,
4
Giai
t = sin x
Khi x 0, th
2
4
0 t
2
Xet f(t) = t2 t ;
f(t) = 2t 1
f(t)
f(t)
1
2
_
2
2
1 2
2
1
4
, vi x 0,
5
(1)
8
Giai
(1) cos3x(4cos3x 3cosx) sin3x(3sinx 4sin3x)
218
5
8
5
8
5
8
5
1
sin22x
8
4
1
1
sin2x - sin2x
2
2
5
5
4
2
3 + k 2 2 x 3 + k 2
3 + k x 6 + k
+ k 2 2 x 2 + k 2
+ k x + k
3
6
3
3
1 6sin2x.cos2x
Bai 11
1-\ Tm tat ca cac nghiem cua phng trnh :
x
sinxcos4x + 2sin 2x = 1 4 sin 4 2
x 1 < 3
x 2 + 3 > x
= 1 4sin2 4 2
x
2
cos4x(sinx 1) = 2(sinx 1)
sin x = 1
( vo nghiem)
cos 4 x = 2
(sinx 1) (cos4x 2) = 0
219
+ k2 ; k Z
2
x 1 < 3
x < 4
| x 1|< 3
x 1 > 3
-2 < x < 4
2
x + 3 > x
x 2 + x + 3 > 0 x > 2
Vay sinx = 1 x =
2
x ;
4 4
x = k 2
f(x) = 0 sin5x = sinx
x = + k ; k Z
6
3
V x ; , ta thay x = 0 ; x =
;x=
6
6
4 4
Lai co : f(x) = -5cosx + 25cos5x
f(x) = 20 > 0
= -15 3 < 0.
6
va gia tr cc ai la f =
6
6
3 3
= 3 2 ; f = 3 2
4
4
Ngoai ra : f
220
)
6
Bai 12
Tm m e bat phng trnh sau vo nghiem :
1
3 sin 2 x + sin 2 x m (*)
2
Giai
2m 3
2m 3
3+2
>1m>
e bat phng trnh vo nghiem th :
2
2
(*)
Bai 13
Giai bat phng trnh
2cos2x + sin2xcosx + sinxcos2x > 2(sinx + cosx)(1)
Giai
(1) (sinx + cosx)[2(-sinx + cosx) + sinxcosx 2] > 0
at f(x) = (sinx + cosx)[2(-sinx + cosx) + sinxcosx 2]
sin x + cos x = 0
1 t2
2
+
2=0
t
f(x) = 0
t 2
vi t = cosx sinx
3
7
x = 4 x = 4
sin x + cos x = 0
cos x sin x = 1
x = 0 x = 3
2
Do x la ham so tuan hoan nen ta ch can xet dau cua f(x) tren [0 ; 2]
3
3
4 <x< 2
Trong 1 chu ky [0 ; 2] nghiem la :
7 < x < 2
4
Vay nghiem cua bat phng trnh la :
221
3
3
4 + k 2 < x < 2 + k 2
7 + k 2 < x < 2 + k 2
4
Bai 14
Giai bat phng trnh :
(k Z)
Ta co :
sin x cos 2 x + 10
> sin 2 x + 3 sin x 4 (*)
log 5
4 sin x cos 2 x + 6
Giai
sin x + sin x + 9
2
t2 + t + 9
> t 2 + 3t 4
(1) log 5 2
2t + 4t + 5
at a = 2t2 + 4t + 5 ;
b = t2 + t + 9
b
a
Vi a > b
cos x = 1
1 vo nghiem (*) vo nghiem .
sin
x
=
2
Bai 17
Giai bat phng trnh :
4 sin 2
2
8 2 sin 3
+
(*)
sin
sin 2
sin 3
Giai
2
at x =
vi t 2
sin
Bpt (*)
x 2
x 1 + x x 2 1 1
2 (1)
3 3 + 1 x 2
x
x x
2
at f(x) = VT =
1 1
+ 1;
x x3
11 1 3 1
3
f(x) = 3 2 + 4
2 x x x
x
11 1
= 3
2 x x
2
3
(3 x ) < 0
2
x4
vi x 2
223
g(x) = VP =
2
; g(x) =
x2
1 + 3 > 0
x
2
2 x 2
x
1
2
2 3 sin
2
3
0 0 < sin
sin
sin
3
2
1
1
ieu kien : x k
Giai
2
1
1
VT = sin 2 x +
+ 2 + cos 2 x +
+2
2
cos 2 x
sin x
sin 2 x + cos 2 x
4
= 5+
= 5+
2
2
sin x cos x
sin 2 2 x
4
Ta co : 0 < sin22x 1
4 VT 9
sin 2 2 x
bpt sin22x = 1 sin2x = 1 2x =
+ k x =
Bai 19
m +1
+ 2m + 9 0 (1)
cos x
Tm m e (1) luon ung vi moi m 0;
2
Cho bat phng trnh : tg 2 x +
Giai
at t =
vi 0 < x <
t>1
cos x
2
224
+k
t 2 4t + 8
f(t) =
(t + 2) 2
t
t 2 t 10
= f(t) t > 1
t+2
f(t) = 0 t = 2 2 3
1
f(t)
f(t)
+
-4
-2+2 2
0
3-4 3
(+)
Vay m 3 4 3
Bai 20
Giai bat phng trnh :
2 sin 2
x
+ cos x + 2 sin x 1 tren [0 ; 2] (*)
2
Giai
x
)
2
cos 2t + 1
2sin2t + cos2t + 1 + 2sin2t 2 sin2t +
+ sin2t 1
2
1
1
1 2 sin x > 0 1 2 sin x < 0
sin x < 2 sin x > 2
+ k 2 < x < 2 + k 2
1
sinx < 0 sinx >
(k Z)
+ k 2 < x < 5 + k 2
2
6
6
225
Bai 22
nh a e bat phng trnh sau co nghiem :
sin2x (a + 2)sinx + a 3 > 0(*)
Giai
(*) (sinx 1)a < sinx 2sinx 3
at t = sinx , t [-1 ; 1]
Bpt (t 1)a < t2 2t 3
t 2 2t 3
:a
t 1
t>1:a<
t 2 2t 3
Bpt a >
t 1
2
t 2t 3
vi 1 t 1
at f(t) =
t 1
t 2 2t + 5
f(t) =
(t 1)2
t
f(t)
f(t)
> 0; t
-1
0
YCBT a > 0
Bai 23
Giai bat phng trnh sau :
1
||
||
1 cos 2 x
1
2.
2 (*)
1 + cos 2 x
cos 2 x
Giai
sin x
1
2.
2
2
cos x
cos 2 x
1
1
1
tg 2 + 1 2.
1
2.
1
2
2
cos x
cos 2 x
cos x
(*)
226
1
1 cos2x = 1 cosx = 1 cosx = -1
cos 2 x
x = k2 x = + k2
Bai 24
Tm m e bat phng trh co nghiem :
1
1 cos 2 x
2.
m (*)
1 + cos 2 x
cos 2 x
Giai
Theo tren ta co :
1
1
1
2.
m +1
m 1
2
2
cos x
cos x
cos 2 x
1
m 1 > 0 m > 1 : bpt cos2x
m 1
1
1 1 m 1 m 2 (thoa ieu kien m > 1)
YCBT
m 1
1
m 1 < 0 m < 1 : bpt cos2x
m 1
1
YCBT
0 1 0 (vo ly) m
m 1
1
m = 1 : bpt
0 : vo nghiem
cos 2 x
Bpt (*)
1
cos x
cosx 1
>0
sin x
sin x
cos x > 0 cos x < 0
1
1
sin x < 1 sin x > 1
Bai 26
nh m e bat phng trnh co nghiem :
2cos2x + 4 sin
+ 5 m 0 (*)
Giai
1 cos 2 x
2
+5 m
1
at t = 2cos2x vi t [ ; 2]
2
t 2 + 5t + 2
2
m
Bpt t + + 5 m
t
t
1
t 2 + 5t + 2
vi t [ ; 2]
at f(t) =
t
2
2
t 2
f(t) =
t2
f(t) = 0 t = 2
1
t
-2+2 2
2
(*) 2
cos 2 x
+4
f(t)
f(t)
19
2
2
+
8
2 2 +5
Bat phng trnh co nghiem khi va ch khi m 2 2 + 5
Bai 27
Giai bat phng trnh :
1 + sin x 1 sin x
+
a (*)
1 sin x 1 + sin x
Giai
1 + sin x 1 sin x
2 2 sin x cos x
+
a
a
1 sin x 1 + sin x
1 cos 2 x
2
2 cot gx a 2cotg2x 2cotgx + 2 a a
sin 2 x
(1)
= 2a 3
3
0
2
1 2a 3
1 + 2a 3
Khi o (1)
cot gx
2
2
Vay k + va k + (k Z) vi -
<<
2
2
1 + 2a 3
1 2a 3
va cotg =
cotg =
2
2
va -
< <
va
Bai 28
Giai bat phng trnh :
2cos2x + sin2xcosx + sinxcos2x > 2(sinx + cosx) (1)
Giai
Ta co :
(1) 2(sinx + cosx) < 2(cos2x sin2x) + sinxcosx(sinx + cosx)
(sinx + cosx)[2(cosx sinx) + sinxcosx 2] > 0
sin x = 1 t 2
t 2
Khi o ta co :
2 cos x 2t + 1 t 2 2 > 0
4
2
Do t 3 < x
(1) cos x
(t 1) > 0
4
229
cos x 4 > 0
(a)
(b)
cos x + > 1
4
2
cos x 4 < 0
cos x + < 1
4
2
cos x + >
< x+ <
<x<0
2
4
4 4
4
2
cos x
Ket hp nghiem ta c :
3
7
<x<
<0 < x <
4
2
6
2
4
4
1
3
cos x + <
< x+ <
0< x<
4
4
4
4
2
2
3
3
+ k2 < x <
+ k2 (k Z)
Ket hp nghiem ta c :
4
2
cos x
Bai 29
Giai bat phng trnh : 4(sin4x + cos4x) > 2sinx.cosx + 3
Giai
Ta co :
1 cos 2 x 2 1 + cos 2 x 2
(1) 4
> sin 2 x + 3
+
2
2
sin 2 x <
2
sin 2 x 1
230
1
)<0
2
5
k
2
2
x
+
<
<
+ 2(k + 1)
6
6
2 x 3 + k 2
(1)
5
12 + k < x < 12 + (k + 1)
x 3 + k
4
Bai 30
Tm tat ca cac gia tr cua a e bat phng trnh :
a(4 sinx)4 3 + cos2x + a > 0 co tap nghiem la R
Giai
Gia s a thoa man e bai .V bat phng trnh co nghiem la R nen
x=
la nghiem , do o ta phai co
3
Vay la moi a thoa man e bai eu nam trong khoang a >
82
3
.V cos2x 0
Gia s a >
82
4
3
th bat phng trnh co tap nghiem la R
82
Bai 31
Tm tat ca cac gia tr cua tham so a e bat phng trnh :
a2 + 2a sin2x = 2acosx nghiem ung x
Giai
V sin2x = 1 cos2x nen at t = cosx -1 t 1 va bat phng trnh
tr thanh :
y = t2 2at + a2 2a 3 > 0 t [-1 ; 1]
ay la 1 parabol quay be lom ve pha tren , co nh tai iem t = a ,
nen gia tr be nhat ymin cua no tren [-1 , 1] la :
231
y ( 1) = a 2 + 4a 2
ymin = y (a ) = 2a 3
y (1) = a 2 2
khi a -1
khi - 1 < a < 1
khi a 1
3
(loai)
2
Vay bat phng trnh nghiem ung x khi a > 2 hoac a < -2 Bai 32
Giai bat phng trnh : cos2x + 5cooxsx + 3 0 (*)
Giai
2
(*) 2cos x + 5cosx + 3 0 (1)
at t = cosx vi 1 t 1
(1) 2t2 + 5t + 3 0 t -2 t So sanh ieu kien ta co :
1
2
1
t1
2
1
2
2
cosx 1 + k2 x
+ k2
2
3
3
Bai 33
Giai bat phng trnh :
t2 = 1 + 2sinx.cosx sinx.cosx =
t 2 1
2
t 2 1
) 1 2t 3(t2 1) 2
(1) t 3(
2
1
-3t2 + 2t + 1 0 t - t 1
3
232
1 t 2
So ieu kien nhan :
2 t 1
3
1t 2
1 sinx + cosx
2 cos x
4
cos x 1 + k 2 x + k 2
2
4
4
4
4
k2 x
2 1
+ k2
- 2 t
1
3
- 2 sinx + cosx -
4
3 2
1
-1 cos x
at cos =
3 2
(*) + k2 x -
1
1
2 cos x
3
4
3
(*)
2 - + k2
+ k2 x
9
- + k2
4
233
Bai 34
1-\ Tm k e bat phng trnh sau co nghiem :
x
k
3 .sinx + 2sin2
2
2-\ Tm nghiem cua bat phng trnh :
x
1
3 .sinx + 2sin2
2
Thoa ieu kien : log2 (x2 x +2) 2
(e ai Hoc Tong Hp TP HCM )
Giai
x
1-\
3 .sinx + 2sin2
k 3 sin x + 1 cos x k
2
3
1
k 1
k 1
sin x
sin x cos x
2
2
2
6
2
k 1
Bat phng trnh vo nghiem khhi va ch khi
1 k3
2
2-\ theo tren vi k = 1 , ta co :
sin x 0 2k x + 2k
6
6
+ 2k x
+ 2k (1)
6
6
Mat khac :
log2 (x2 x +2 ) 2 x2 x + 2 4 ( v x2 x + 2 > 0 , x )
x2 x + 2 = 0 1 x 2 (2)
Trong (1) , vi k = 1 th :
7
Vi k = 0 th
; giao vi (2) ta lay
x2.
x
6
6
6
Vay cac gia tr x c lay trong (1) e thoa man (2) la :
1 x 2.
234
Bai 35
Tm y e bat phng trnh sau co nghiem vi moi x :
x 2 cos y 2 x cos y sin y + sin y 0
(e ai Hoc Tai Chnh _ Ke toan )
Giai
2
x cos y 2x cos y sin y + sin y 0 , x .
cos y = 0 x = + 2k
sin
y
0
2
cos y 0 , bat phng trnh nghiem ung x
Bai 36
Chng minh rang bat phng trnh :
sinx(cos2x + sin.2x) + sin 3x < 9cos3x
c thoa man x 0;
3
(e ai Hoc Y Dc TP HCM)
Giai
Ta co : sinx(cos2x + sin.2x) + sin 3x < 9cos3x ; x 0;
2
sinxcos2x + 2sin2xcosx +3sinx 4sin3x < 9cos3x ; x 0;
2
t = 2
2
f(t) = 3t2 4t 4 ; f(t) = 0
t = 3
235
Bai 37
Cho phng trnh : 4cos5xsinx 4sin5xcosx = sin24x + m (1)
1-\ Biet rang x = la 1 nghiem cua (1) . Hay giai phng trnh (1)
trong trng hp o.
x = k (k Z)
4 x = k(k Z)
sin 4 x = 0
A
sin 4 x = 1
4 x = 2 + A 2(A Z)
(A Z)
x = +
8 2
2-\ . x =
la nghiem cua (2) :
8
2
sin
sin
= m m= 2
2
2
Vay (1) sin 4x sin 2 4 x = 2 sin 4 x = 2(loai)
sin 4 x = 1
4x = + k 2(k Z) x = + k (k Z)
2
8
2
4
2
* Mat khac : x 3x + 2 < 0
236
+ k < 2 , k Z xay ra k = 1
8
2
2 <
1
3 sin 2 x + sin 2 x m
2
(ai hoc dan lap Lac Hong , nam 1998 1999)
Giai
1
3 sin 2 x + sin 2 x m
2
1
cos
2x 1
3
+ sin 2 x m
2
2
1
3
3 2m 3
sin 2 x
cos 2 x m =
2
2
2
2
2m 3
sin 2 x
3
2
2+ 3
2m 3
> 1 hay m >
2
2
Bai 39
Giai bat phng trnh : cos x + 3 sin x < 2, x [ 0; 2]
Giai
cos x + 3 sin x < 2 cos x + 3 sin x 2 < 0
at f (x) = cos x +
3 sin x 2.
0; 2
237
x = 12
cos(x ) = cos
x =
3
4
12
x
0
f(x)
12
- 0
2
+
7
12
0
2
-
7
Vay trong [ 0; 2] , f(x) ch co 2 nghiem la
va
. Ta co :
12
12
. f (0) = 1 2 < 0
2
. f (2) = 1 2 < 0
.f( ) = 3 2 > 0
238
; 2
12 12
1
)>0
2
k2 < x < 3 + k2
ap so :
(2k + 1) < x < 5 + k2
3
Bai 2
ap so :
sin 2x
0
1 cos 2x
+ k x + k
2
Bai 3
nh m e bat phng trnh vo nghiem :
sin 2x
ap so : m > 1 +
3
m2
3
3
2
Bai 4
sin2x sinx m2 2m , x [0 ,
]
4
ap so : 0 m 2
Bai 5
Tm m e bat phng trnh sau co nghiem :
2 cos2 x cos x + 1
m 1, x [0 , ]
cos x 2
ap so : m -1
Bai 6
Tm m e bat phng trnh sau co nghiem
239
2 cos 2 x cos x + 1
m 1 ,x [0, ]
cos x 2
Nhac lai :
1) f(x) m co nghiem khi m min f(x) , x D
2) f(x) m vo nghiem khi m < min f(x) , x D
at t = cosx , t [ 1,1]
2 t 2 8t + 1
2t 2 t + 1
f(t) =
; f(t) =
t2
( t 2) 2
4 14
t =
2
f(t) = 0
4 + 14
t =
2
t
f(t)
f(t)
-1
4 14
2
4
3
1
-
4 14
Bai 7.
Vi gia tr nao cua m th phng trnh sau co nghiem :
(m2 3m + 2)cos2x = m(m -1)
240
4 + 14
2
-2