10 BI TON HAY V HM S BC BA

Bi 1. Cho hm s y = x3 3x2 + 4
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2. Gi (d) l ng thng i qua im A(3; 4) v c h s gc l m. Tm m (d) ct (C) ti 3
im phn bit A, M, N sao cho hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti M v N vung gc vi nhau.
Gii.
1. (Hc sinh t kho st hm s)
2. Phng trnh ng thng (d) l y = m(x 3) + 4.

Honh giao im ca (d) v (C) l nghim ca phng trnh x3 3x2 + 4 = m(x 3) + 4 (1)
x = 3
Bin i (1) (x 3)(x2 m) = 0 2
x m = 0
Theo bi ra ta c iu kin m > 0 v y '( m ).y '( m ) = 1
(3m 6 m )(3m + 6 m ) = 1 9m 2 36m + 1 = 0 m =

18 3 35
(tha iu kin m > 0 )
9

Bi 2. Cho hm s y = x3 + 2mx2 + (m + 3)x + 4 c th l (Cm)

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C1) ca hm s trn khi m = 1.

2. Cho ng thng (d ) c phng trnh y = x + 4 v im K(1; 3). Tm cc gi tr ca tham
s m sao cho (d) ct (Cm) ti ba im phn bit A(0; 4), B, C v tam gic KBC c din tch bng 8 2 .
Gii.
1. (Hc sinh t kho st hm s)
2. Phng trnh honh im chung ca (Cm) v (d) l x3 + 2mx2 + (m + 3)x + 4 = x + 4 (1)
x = 0
Bin i (1) x(x2 + 2mx + m + 2) = 0
2
g (x) = x + 2mx + m + 2 = 0 (2)
iu kin ng thng (d) ct (Cm) ti ba im phn bit A(0; 4), B, C l phng trnh (2) c hai
nghim phn bit khc 0.

/ = m 2 m 2 > 0
m 1 m 2

m 2
g (0) = m + 2 0
Gi h = d (K , d ) =

1 3 + 4
2

(3)

1
= 2 th SKBC = BC h = 8 2 BC = 16 BC 2 = 256
2

Suy ra (xB xC )2 + (yB yC )2 = 256

vi xB , xC l hai nghim ca phng trnh (2).

(xB xC )2 + ((xB + 4) (xC + 4))2 = 256 2(xB xC )2 = 256 (xB + xC )2 4xB xC = 128
4m 2 4(m + 2) = 128 m 2 m 34 = 0 m =

1 137
1 137
(tha K (3)). Vy m =
2
2

Bi 3. Cho hm s y = ( x 2 ) ( x + 1) , th l (C).
2

1. Kho st v v th hm s cho.
2. Tm trn (C) im M c honh l s nguyn dng sao cho tip tuyn ti M ca (C), ct
(C) ti hai im M v N tho mn MN = 3.
Gii.
1. (Hc sinh t kho st hm s)
2. Gi s M(x0; y0) thuc (C), x0 l s nguyn dng. Phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C) ti M l

y = 3x02 6x0 x 2x03 + 3x02 + 4 . Goi tip tuyn ny l (t).

Gv : Bo Khng

Honh giao im ca (C) v (t) l nghim phng trnh

x3 3x2 3x02 6x0 x + 2x03 3x02 = 0 ( x x0 ) ( x + 2x0 3) = 0

Suy ra x = x0 hoc x = 2x0 + 3

) (

T c M x0 ; x03 3x0 2 + 4 ; N 2x0 + 3; 8x03 + 24x0 2 18x0 + 4 .

Ta c MN 2 = 9x0 2 18x0 + 9 + 81x02 ( x0 1) ( x0 2 ) .
2

MN 2 = 9 9x02 18x0 + 81x02 ( x0 1) ( x0 2 ) = 0 9x0 ( x0 2 ) 1 + 9x0 ( x0 1) ( x0 2 ) = 0 .

2

V x0 l s nguyn dng nn x0 = 2. Vy M(2; 0).

Bi 4. Cho hm s y = x3 3mx2 3x + 3m + 2 (Cm)

1
.
3
2. Tm m (Cm) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh l x1, x2 , x3 tha mn
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi m =

x12 + x22 + x32 15

Gii.
1. (Hc sinh t kho st hm s)

2. Phng trnh honh giao im: x3 3mx2 3x + 3m + 2 = 0

(x 1)[x2 (3m 1)x 3m 2]=0 x = 1 x2 (3m 1)x 3m 2 = 0 (2)
(Cm) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh l x1, x2 , x3 vi x3 = 1

x1 + x2 = 3m 1
th x1, x2 l nghim khc 1 ca PT (2) Theo nh l Viet ta c:
x1x2 = 3m 2
2 > 0
9m 2 + 6m + 9 > 0
2

tho mn iu kin th: 1 (3m 1).1 3m 2 0 m 0

2
2
2
2
9m 9 0
x1 + x2 + x3 15
m (; 1] [1; +)

Bi 5. Cho hm s y = x3 + mx + 2 (1)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = -3.
2. Tm m th hm s (1) ct trc hanh ti mt im duy nht.
Gii.
1. (Hc sinh t kho st hm s)
2
2. Phng trnh x3 + mx + 2 = 0 m = x2 ( x 0)
x
2x3 + 2
2
2
Xt f(x) = x2 f '(x) = 2x + 2 =
x
x2
x
Ta c x -
0
1
+

f(x)

+
-3
-
-
-
th hm s (1) ct trc hanh ti mt im duy nht m > 3 .
Cch 2. o hm y' = 3x2 + m
f(x)

Gv : Bo Khng

+ Nu m 0 th y ' 0, x nn hm s ng bin trn R, do th ct trc honh ti 1 im duy

nht.
+ Nu m < 0 th hm s c hai cc tr x1,2 =

m
2m m
v y1,2 = 2
3
3
3

4m3
> 0 m > 3
27
Vy khi m > 3 th th hm s (1) ct trc hanh ti mt im duy nht
Bi 6. Cho hm s y = 4x3 + mx2 3x
1. Kho st v v th (C) hm s khi m = 0.
2. Tm m hm s c hai cc tr ti x1 v x2 tha x1 = - 4x2
Gii.
1. (Hc sinh t kho st hm s)
2. TX: D = R
o hm y = 12x2 + 2mx 3 . Ta c: = m2 + 36 > 0 vi mi m, vy lun c cc tr .

th ct trc honh ti 1 im duy nht th y1y2 = 4 +

x1 = 4x2

Ta c: x1 + x2 =
6

x1x2 = 4

m=

9
2

Bi 7. Cho hm s y = x3 3x2 (1)

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (1)

2. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s a phng trnh : x3 3x2 = a c ba nghim phn bit
trong c 2 nghim ln hn 1.
Gii.
1. (Hc sinh t kho st hm s)
2. x3 3x2 = a
Xt hm s y = x3 3x2 v ng thng y = a
Nhn xt x = 1 ta c y = -2. Phng trnh c ba nghim phn bit trong c 2 nghim ln hn 1
khi -4 < a < -2
Bi 8. 1. Kho st hm s y = x3 3x2 + 2 .
m2 + 1
2. Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh x3 3x2 + 2 = 2
m

Gii.
1. (Hc sinh t kho st hm s)

m2 + 1
1
1
m2 + 1
m2 + 1
= m+
m+
2
2. HD:
2 hoc
2.
m
m
m
m
m
Bi 9. Cho hm s: y = x3 3 ( m + 1) x2 + 9x + m 2 (1) c th l (Cm)

1. Kho st v v th hm s (1) vi m=1.

2. Xc nh m (Cm) c cc i, cc tiu v hai im cc i cc tiu i xng vi nhau qua
1
ng thng y = x .
2
Gv : Bo Khng

Gii.
1. (Hc sinh t kho st hm s)

2. y ' = 3x2 6(m + 1)x + 9

hm s c cc i , cc tiu th ' = 9(m + 1) 2 3.9 > 0 , suy ra m (; 1 3) (1 + 3; +)

m +1
1
2
2
Ta c y = x
3x 6(m + 1)x + 9 2(m + 2m 2)x + 4m + 1
3
3

Gi ta hai im cc tr l A(x1; y1) v B(x2; y2) th y1 = 2(m 2 + 2m 2)x1 + 4m + 1

v y2 = 2(m2 + 2m 2)x2 + 4m + 1

Phng trnh ng thng AB l y = 2(m 2 + 2m 2)x + 4m + 1 c h s gc k = 2 m2 + 2m 2

1
1
x +x y +y
A,B i xng qua ng thng (d): y = x , iu kin l k = 1 v I 1 2 ; 1 2 (d)
2
2
2
2
(im I l trung im ca AB)
Cch 1.
m = 1
1
k = 1 m2 + 2m 2 = 1
2
m = 3
x +x
Theo nh l Viet ta c: 1 2 = m + 1 , suy ra :
2
y1 + y2
x +x
= 2 m 2 2m + 2 1 2 + 4m + 1 = 2m3 + 6m 2 + 4m + 5
2
2

m = 1
1
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
3
2

I
;
(d) 2m 6m + 4m + 5 = ( m + 1)
4 7
2
2
2

m=

2
Vy m = 1 tha mn YCBT.
Cch 2.
m = 1
1
k = 1 m2 + 2m 2 = 1
2
m = 3
x +x
Theo nh l Viet ta c: 1 2 = m + 1
2
+ Khi m = 1 : phng trnh ng thng AB l : y = 2x + 5 nn to I l I ( 2;1) (d)

+ Khi m = -3 : phng trnh ng thng AB l : y = 2x 11 nn to I l I ( 2; 7 ) (d)

Vy m = 1 tha mn YCBT.
1
Bi 10. Cho hm s y = x3 mx2 x + m + 1 (1)
3
1. Kho st v v th hm s (1) vi m = 0.
2. Tm m th hm s c im cc i, cc tiu v khong cch gia chng nh nht.
Gii.
1. (Hc sinh t kho st hm s)
2. Ta c y = x2 - 2mx 1, y = 0 x2 2mx 1 = 0 (1).
V = m2 + 1 > 0 m nn hm s lun c cc i v cc tiu.
1
2
2
Chia y cho y ta c y = y '. (x m) (m2 + 1)x + ( m + 1) .
3
3
3
Gv : Bo Khng

Gi 2 im cc tr l: A(x1; y1), B(x2; y2) vi x1, x2 l nghim ca (1) th ta c

2
2
2
2
y1 = (m 2 + 1)x1 + ( m + 1) v y2 = (m 2 + 1)x2 + ( m + 1) ;
3
3
3
3
2
4

4 52
2
2
T AB 2 = ( x2 x1 ) + ( y2 y1 ) = 4m 2 + 4 1 + m 2 + 1 4 1 + =
9

9 9

Suy ra AB

2 13
2 13
. Vy AB t gi tr nh nht bng
khi m = 0.
3
3

Gv : Bo Khng