Do An Thuy San Thien Ma

http://et32.mooo.
com
CHNG I
GII THIU TNG QUAN V CNG TY
Nh My Ch Bin Thy Hi Sn Thin M.
Ch u t
Cng ty Trch Nhim Hu Hn Xut Nhp Khu Thy Sn Thin M.
Tr s chnh: 75/35 trn ph, phng Ci Kh, qun Ninh Kiu, TP.
Cn Th
a im thc hin
- Thuc l 16A-18, Khu CN Tr Nc I, phng Tr Nc, qun Bnh Thy,
TP. Cn Th.
Quy m ca nh my
Din tch 10.023,20 m2 thi hn 40 nm xy dng nh xng sn xut v d
phng pht trin thi gian ti.
Xy dng hon chnh v a vo hot ng vo thng 02/2007, cng sut thit k
4.284 tn sn phm/nm sn xut n nh
Sn phm ch yu ca nh my l Fillet c Tra ng lnh, k hoch sn xut hng
nm theo cng sut thit k nh sau:
Bng: Cng sut hot ng nh my
Fillet c tra Nm 1 Nm 2 Nm 3 Nm 4 Nm 5
Sn lng
(tn)
3.427 3.856 4.070 4.284 4.284
Nh my c 430 lao ng, trong s lao ng gin tip khong 30 ngi c
tr lng n nh theo cng vic c giao, cn li l lao ng trc tip s nhn
lng theo mc khon sn phm hoc khi lng cng vic hon thnh.
iu kin t nhin ca khu vc
Nhit :
Nhit khng kh l yu t nh hng rt mnh m n qu trnh lan
truyn v chuyn ho cht nhim. Nhit cng tng cao th tc lan truyn v
chuyn ho cht nhim trong mi trng cng ln.
Nhit khng kh dao ng trong khong ( 26,8-27.5
0
C ). Nhit trung
bnh/nm l 26,4
0
C. Nhit ny thch hp cho s pht
m v ch ma:
http://et32.mooo.com
Ma c tc dng lm pha long cc cht thi, lng ma cng ln th mc
nhim khng kh v nc cng gim.
Lng ma trung bnh hng nm: 1.666 mm.
m khng kh: 75-90 %.
Bo: Tn xut bo xut hin rt thp.
Bc hi: Lng bc hi trung bnh/nm t 950-1200.
Ma ma lng bc hi t hn ma kh(55-99 mm).
Ch gi:
Gi l yu t quan trng trong vic lan truyn cht nhim khng kh. Tc
gi cng cao th cht nhim c vn chuyn cng xa nng cht nhim
cng c pha long bi khng kh sch.Khi tc gi nh hoc lng gi th cht
nhim chp ngay xung mt t gy nn tnh trng nhim cao ti khu vc ch
bin. Tc gi trung bnh trong nm 1,6 m/s. Trong nm c 63 ngy c dng, tc
gi dng cao nht trong nm ghi nhn c l 31 m/s. S ngy c dng xy ra
trong cc thng 5 n thng 10.Tc gi v hng gi thay i ph thuc vo
tng thi k trong ma.
Ma ma t thng 5 n thng 11, gi Ty Nam t bin thi vo.
Ma kh, gi ng Bc v gi ng Nam t lc a thi qua gy kh.
Cht lng khng kh Ti Thnh Ph Cn Th
Nhn chung, mi trng khng kh ca khu vc thc hin d n b nhim
ch yu do bi v ting n m ch yu t hot ng giao thng. Mi trng khng
kh khu vc thc hin d n c th hin bng sau.
Bng: Cht lng khng kh
STT
Cht
nhim
n v o Kt qu
TCVN
5937-2005

1
Bi mg/m
3
0,31 0,3
2 SO
2
mg/m
3
0,09 0,35
3 NO
2
mg/m
3
0,06 0,2
4 CO mg/m
3
1,53 30
Qui trnh sn xut ca nh my:
Nh My Ch Bin Thy Hi Sn Thin M bao gm hai phn xng:
Phn xng ch bin Fillet c Tra, c Basa;
Phn xng ch bin mc, bch tuc.
Mi phn xng bao gm nhiu qui trnh sn xut v c cn c vo thnh
phm ca mi phn xng.
Sau y ti xin gii thiu qui trnh sn xut ca nh my:
Quy trnh ch bin Fillet c Tra, c Basa:
Quy trnh ch bin mc, bch tuc
Nguyen
lieu
Cap ong
fillet Ra, lang
Xep khuon
nh hnh
Thanh
pham
Can nh
lng
ong goi
Xuat kho thanh
pham
Nhap kho tr ong
-20
0
C
Nc thi nh my: 2302 m
3
/ngy
Nc thi sn xut:
Do c trng ca qu trnh ch bin thu hi sn nn lng nc ca cng ty tp
trung ch yu vo l nc s dng cho khu ra nguyn liu ban u.Lng nc
thi theo tnh ton ca cng ty sau khi qua h thng x l l rt ln khong 2250
m
3
/ngy
Bng : Kt qu phn tch mu nc thi sn xut ca nh my
TT Cc ch tiu Kt qa n v
TCVN (5945 2005)
Loi A
1 SS
1.500-
2.000
mg/l 50
2 COD
2.000-
2.200
mg/l 50
3 BOD
5
1.400-
1.800
mg/l 30
4 Tng Nit 150-250 mg/l 15
5 Tng Photpho 25-30 mg/l 4
6
Du m ng
vt
150-250 mg/l 10
Ngun: D n u t xy dng nh my ch bin thy sn
Nc thi sinh hot: 52 m
3
/ngy
Nguyen
lieu
X ly noi
tang
Phan mau
Cap ong
Len khuon
Phan loai kch
c
Can, ong
goi
Nhap kho
ttr ong
-20
0
C
Xuat kho thanh
pham
Nc thi sinh hot trong Cng ty c sinh ra t cc khu: v sinh c nhn, tm,
git,Do c trng ca ca qu trnh ch bin thu hi sn cc cht nhim c
th hin di bng sau.
Bng : Ti lng v nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot
STT Thng s Ti lng, g/ngi.ngy Nng , mg/l
1 SS 30-50 206-294
2 BOD 35-50 206-294
3 COD 115-125 676-735
4 Tng Nit 6-17 35-10
5
Tng
Photpho
3-5 18-29
Ngun: Trn c H, X l nc thi sinh hot quy m va v nh
Chng II: GII THIU MT S PHNG PHP
X L NC THI V XUT QUI TRNH X L
II.1 CC PHNG PHP X L NC THI
II.1.1 CC PHNG PHP X L L HC
Bng II.1 ng dng ca cc cng trnh v thit b x l l hc
Cng trnh hoc
thit b
ng dng
Lu lng k Theo di, qun l lu lng nc thi
Song chn rc Loi b rc c kch thc ln
Thit b nghin rc
Nghin cc loi rc c kch thc ln, to nn mt hn
hp nc thi tng i ng nht
B iu lu
iu ha lu lng nc thi cng nh khi lng cc
cht nhim
Thit b khuy trn
Khuy trn cc ha cht v cc kh vi nc thi, gi cc
cht rn trng thi l lng.
B to bng cn
To iu kin cho cc ht nh lin kt li vi nhau thnh
cc bng cn chng c th lng.
B lng Loi cc cn lng v c c bn.
B tuyn ni
Loi cc cht rn c kch thc nh cn st li sau khi x
l nc thi, c t trng bng t trng nc.
Siu lc
Nh b lc cng c ng dng lc to trong cc h c
nh cht thi.
Trao i kh a thm vo hoc kh i cc cht kh trong nc thi.
B lc Loi b cc cht rn c kch thc nh cn st li.
Lm bay hi v kh
cc cht kh
Kh cc cht hu c bay hi trong nc thi.
Kh trng Loi b cc vi sinh vt bng tia UV.
Ngun: Wastewater Engiineering: treatment, reuse, disposal 1991.
X l l hc l mt giai on trong h thng x l nc thi, bn cht ca phng
php ny l lm sch s b nc thi trc khi x l sinh hc. Tuy nhin, trong
mt s trng hp, khi mc cn thit lm sch nc thi khng cao lm v iu
kin v sinh cho php th phng php x l l hc gi vai tr chnh trong h
thng x l.
II.1.2 CC PHNG PHP X L HA HC
Phng php x l ha hc l a vo nc thi mt ha cht no . Ha
cht ny tc dng vi cc cht nhim c trong nc thi to thnh cn lng
hay cht ha tan khng c hi.
Bng II.2. ng dng qu trnh x l ha hc.
Qu trnh ng dng
Trung ha
trung ha cc loi nc thi c kim hoc axit
cao
Keo t
Loi b phospho v tng hiu qu lng ca cc cht rn
l lng trong cc cng trnh lng s cp.
Hp ph
Loi b cc cht hu c khng th x l c bng cc
phng php x l ha hc hay sinh hc thng dng.
Cng c dng kh clo ca nc thi sau x l.
Kh trng
loi b cc vi sinh vt gy bnh. Cc phng php
thng s dng l: Chlorine, Chlorinedioxit
Kh Clo loi b cc hp cht ca chlorine cn st li sau qu
trnh kh trng bng clo
Cc qu trnh khc Nhiu loi ha cht s dng t mt mc tiu no
Ngun: Wastewater Engineering: treament, reuse, disposd 1991
II.1.3 CC PHNG PHP X L SINH HC
Qa trnh x l sinh hc thng i theo sau qu trnh x l c hc loi b
cc cht hu c trong nc thi nh hot ng ca cc vi khun. Ty theo nhm vi
khun s dng l hiu kh hay him kh m ngi ta thit k cc cng trnh khc
nhau v ty vo nhm vi khun, vi sinh vt m cc qu trnh x l hiu kh hay
qu trnh x l ym kh.
II.1.3.1 S LC V QU TRNH HIU KH
Qu trnh oxi ha ( hay d ha)
(COHNS) + O
2
+ vi khun hiu kh CO
2
+ NH
4
+ Sn phm khc +
nng lng cht hu c
Qu trnh tng hp (hay ng ha)
(COHNS) + O
2
+ vi khun hiu kh + nng lng C
5
H
7
O
2
N
Khi hm lng cht hu c thp hn nhu cu ca vi khun, vi khun s tri
qua qu trnh h hp ni bo hay l t oxi ha s dng nguyn sinh cht ca
bn thn chng lm nguyn liu.
C
5
H
7
O
2
N + 5O
2

5CO
2

+NH
4
+
+ 2 H
2
O + nng lng
Nc thi u vo
BOD
Cc cht nn
khng phn hy
Sinh khi
Nc thi u ra
CO
2
,H
2
O
(SO
4
2-
, NO
3
-
)
Hnh II.1 S qu trnh phn hy hiu kh
II.1.3.2 S LUC V QU TRNH YM KH
Trong iu kin ym kh, vi khun ym kh s phn hy cht hu c sau:
(COHNS) + vi khun ym kh CO
2
+ H
2
S + NH
4
+
+ CH
4
+ cc cht khc
+ nng lng
(COHNS) + vi khun ym kh + nng lng C
5
H
7
O
2
N
Thnh phn hn hp kh sn sinh ra t qu trnh phn hy ym kh bao gm:
Methane (CH
4
) 55 - 65%
Carbon Deoxide (CO
2
) 35 - 45%
Nitrogen (N
2
) 0 - 3%
Hydrogen (H
2
) 0 1%
Hydrogen Sulfide (H
2
S) 0 1%
Qu trnh ym kh l mt qu trnh phc tp, lin h n hng trm phn ng
v cht trung gian, mi phn ng s c tip xc bi mt loi enzyme hay cht
xc tc. Ni chung qu trnh ym kh din ra qua cc giai on sau:
- Thy phn hay qu trnh ct ngn mch cc cht hu c cao phn t.
- To axit.
- Sinh kh methane.
C 4 nhm vi khun chnh tham gia vo qu trnh ln men ym kh:
- Cc vi khun thy phn v ln men cht hu c.
- Cc vi khun thuc nhm acetogenic (to ra acetate v H
2
).
- Nhm vi khun s dng acetate to ra methane.
- Nhm vi khun s dng hydrogen to ra methane.
Cht hu c
cao phn t
Axit
hu c
Acid actic
H
2
Methane
4%
24%
20%
52%
76%
72%
28%
Hnh II.2 Ba giai on ca qu trnh ln men ym kh
(Ngun: Melnerny, MJ and Bryant, M.P. 1980)
Cht hu c (carbohydrate, protein, lipids)
Thy phn v ln men
Axit bo
Kh hydrogen ca nhm
Acetogenic
Hydrogen ha ca nhm
Acetogenic
Acetate
H
2+
CO
2
Kh nhm cacboxyl
ca Acetate
To methane bi
phn ng kh
CH
4
+ CO
2
CH
4
+H
2
O
Hnh II.3 Dng vt cht (nng lng) ca qu trnh ln men ym kh theo %
(Ngun: Melnerney, M.J Bryant, N.P. 1980)
II.2 XUT MT S QUI TRNH X L NC THI CHO NH
MY
II.2.1 QUI TRNH X L 1
Hnh II.4 S x l nc thi theo qui trnh 1
+u im:
- X l nc thi c hm lng cht hu c cao
- Nc thi u ra khng gy mi hi.
- C th tn dng ngun kh gas.
+ Nhc im:
-Chi ph xy dng cao.
Bn
cn
Hon lu bn
Nc thi
u vo
B UASB B iu lu
B lng s
cp
B bn
hot tnh
B lng th
cp
B kh
trng
Sn phi bn
Song chn
rc
Bn cn
Hon lu nc
Nc thi
x l
Hnh II.5 S qui trnh x l nc thi 2
+u im:
- X l nc thi c hm lng cht hu c cao
- Nc thi u ra khng gy mi hi.
+ Nhc im:
- Chi ph xy dng cao.
- Hiu xut khng m bo lm.
Bn
cn
Hon lu bn
Nc thi
u vo
B lng ct
B lng s
cp
B bn
hot tnh
B lng th
cp
B kh
trng
Sn phi bn
Song chn
rc
Bn cn
Hon lu nc
Nc thi
x l
B iu lu
II.3 M T S CNG NGH CC HNG MC CA H THNG
II.3.1 Song chn rc:
Song chn rc dng gi li cc cht thi rn c kch thc ln trong
nc thi m bo cho bm, van v cc ng ng khng b nghn bi rc.
Kch thc ti thiu ca rc b gi li ty thuc vo khong cch cc thanh kim
loi ca song chn rc. trnh ng rc v gy tn tht p lc ca dng chy
ngi ta thng xuyn lm sch song chn rc bng cch c rc th cng hoc c
gii. Ty theo yu cu v kch thc ca rc chiu rng khe h ca cc song thay
i.
Bng Cc gi tr thng dng thit k song chn rc
Ch tiu Co rc th
cng
Co rc c
gii
Kch thc ca cc thanh
B dy( cm)
B bn( cm)
0,51 1,52
2,54 3,81
0.51 1,52
2,54 3,81
Khong cch gia cc thanh( cm)
2,54 5,08 1,52 7,62
nghing song chn rc theo trc thng
ng ()
30 45 0 30
Vn tc dng chy(m/s)
0,31 0,62 0,62 0,99
gin p cho php( cm) 15,24 15,24
Ngun : Wastewater Engineering: treatment, reuse, disposal, 1991
II.2. B lng ct:
B lng ct nhm loi b ct, sn , si, dm, cc loi x khi nc thi .
Trong nc thi, bn thn chng khng c hi nhng s nh hng n kh nng
hot ng ca cc cng trnh thit b trong h thng nh ma st lm mn cc thit
b c kh, lng cn trong cc knh dn, lm gim th tch hu dng ca cc b x
l v tng tn s lm sch cc b ny. V vy trong cc trm x l nht thit phi
c b lng ct.
B lng ct thng t pha sau song chn rc v trc b lng s cp.
i khi ngi ta t b lng ct trc song chn rc, tuy nhin vic t sau song
chn rc c li hn cho vic qun l b. y phi tnh ton nh th no cho cc
ht ct v cc ht v c cn loi b lng xung cn cc cht hu c l lng khc
tri i.
B lng ct c p dng lu i nht l b lng ct chuyn ng dc
theo dng chy, trong b ny ta khng ch vn tc dng chy to diu kin cho
cc ht ct, si lng xung cn cc ht hu c khc s theo dng chy tri ra
ngoi. Vn tc dng chy c khng ch mc 0,3 m/ s, nhm to d thi gian
cc ht ct lng xung y b. vi vn tc ny hu ht cc ht cht hu c du
dc da ra khi b v vn trng thi l lng. Thng thng th cc b ny
c thit k lng cc ht c kch thc ln hn 0,15 mm. Chiu di b ph
thuc vo chiu su cn thit lng cc ht vn tc thit k, din tch mt ct
ng ca b c iu chnh vn tc dng chy v s b . Cn phi hn ch dng
chy ri xy ra u vo v u ra ca b, ngi ta ngh tng chiu di l
thuyt ln 50% tho mn vn ny
Bng 3.2: Cc gi tr thit k b lng ct
Thng s Khong bin
thin
Gi tr thng
dng
Thi gian lu tn nc ( giy)
Vn tc chuyn ng ngang ft/ s
Tc lng ca ht ft/ min
Gi li trn li c ng knh 0,21
mm
Gi li trn li c ng knh 0,15
mm
gim p % su din tch t trong knh
dn
Hn ch dng chy ri u vo v u ra
45 - 90
0,8 - 1,3
3,2 - 4,2
2,0 - 3,0
30 - 40
2 D
m
- 0,5 L
60
1,0
3,8
2,5
36
Ch thi gian tn lu nc nud qu nh s khng m bo hiu sut
lng, nu ln qu s c cc cht hu c lng. Cc b lng hng c trang b
thm thanh gt cht lng di y, gu mc cc cht lng chy trn ng ry
c gii ho vic x cn
II.3 B iu lu:
Trong qu trnh x l nc thi cn phi iu ho lng dng chy. Trong
qu trnh ny thc cht l thit lp h thng iu ho lu lng v nng cht
nhim trong nc thi nhm to iu kin tt nht cho cc cng trnh pha sau hot
ng n nh.
Nc thi cng ty c thi ra vi lu lng bin i theo thi v sn
xut, gi ma. Trong khi cc h thng sinh hc phi c cung cp nc thi
u n v th tch cng nh cc cht cn x l 24/24 gi. Do s hin din ca
b iu lu l ht sc cn thit.
B iu lu c chc nng iu ha lu lng nc thi v cc cht cn x
l m bo hiu qu cho cc qu trnh x l sinh hc pha sau, n cha nc
thi v cc cht cn x l nhng gi cao im ri phn phi li cho cc gi
khng hoc t s dng cung cp mt lu lng nht nh 24/24 gi cho cc h
thng x l sinh hc pha sau.
Cc li ch ca b iu lu nh sau:
B iu lu lm tng hiu qu ca h thng sinh hc do n hn ch
hin tng shock ca h thng do hot ng qu ti hoc di ti v lu lng
cng nh hm lng cc cht hu c, gim c din tch xy dng cc b sinh
hc. Hn na cc cht c ch qu trnh x l sinh hc s c pha long hoc
trung ha mc thch hp cho hot ng ca vi sinh vt .
Trong thc t b iu lu c xy dng ln hn th tch thit k 10
20% phng nga cc trng hp khng tin on c s c bin ng hng
ngy ca lu lng, trong mt s h thng x l ngi ta c th bm, hon lu
mt s nc thi v b iu lu.
II.4 B tuyn ni :
B tuyn ni c s dng loi b cc ht rn hoc lng ra khi hn hp
nc thi v c c bn sinh hc. Trong x l nc thi, b tuyn ni c s
dng ch yu lai cc cht l lng v c dc bn sinh hc. Li im ch yu
ca b tuyn ni l n c th loi cc ht cht rn nh, c vn tc lng chm trong
mt thi gian ngn B tuyn ni gm c cc loi
B tuyn ni theo trng lng ring
B tuyn ni bng phng php in phn
B tuyn ni bng cch ho tan khng kh p sut cao
B tuyn ni bng sc kh
B tuyn ni theo kiu to chn khng
Trong phm vi ti, ta chn b tuyn ni bng cch ho tan khng kh p
sut cao
B tuyn ni bng cch ho tan khng kh p sut cao
Theo cch ny khng kh c ho tan vo nc thi p sut cao vi
atm, sau nc thi c a tr li p sut thng ca kh quyn. lc ny
khng kh trong nc thi s phng thch tr li vo p sut kh quyn di dn
cc bt kh nh. Cc bt kh ny s bm vo cc ht cht rn to lc nng cc ht
cht rn ny ni ln b mt ca b, sau cc cht rn ny c loi b bng cc
thanh gt.
I.1.5. B lng s cp:
B lng lm nhim v tch cc cht l lng cn li trong nc thi (sau khi
qua b lng ct) c t trng ln hn hoc nh hn t trng ca nc di dng
lng xung y b hoc ni ln trn mt nc. Thng thng b lng c ba loi
ch yu: b lng ngang (nc chuyn ng theo phng ngang), b lng ng
(nc chuyn ng theo phng thng ng), v b lng ly tm (nc chuyn
ng t tm ra xung quanh) thng c dng hnh trn trn mt bng. Ngoi ra, cn
mt s dng b lng khc nh b lng nghing, b lng c thit k nhm tng
cng hiu qu lng.
Trc khi i vo giai on x l sinh hc, hm lng cht rn l lng trong nc
thi SS 150mg/l.
Chiu cao ca b : 3.084m h 4.572m (Trnh Xun Lai, 2000
Bng 3.4 Vi gi tr ca hng s thc nghim a,b t 20
0
c.
Ch tiu a(gi) b(gi)
Kh BOD
5
0.018 0.020
Kh cn l lng 0.0075 0.014
( Ngun: Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi ca Trnh Xun Lai)
Bng 3.5 Hiu qu loi b cht nhim sau khi qua b lng s cp
Thng s Hiu sut x l (%)
TSS 40 - 70
BOD
5
25 40
COD 20 30
TP 5 10
Vi khun 50 60
(Ngun: Wastewater Engineering: treatment, reuse, disposal, 1991.)
Bng 3.6 Mt s gi tr tham kho thit k b lng s cp hnh tr trn v hnh
ch nht.
Thng s Gi tr
Khong bin
thin
Thng dng
Hnh ch nht
Su (m) 3 4.6 3.7
Di (m) 15.2 91.4 24.4 39.6
Rng (m) 3.0 24.4 4.9 9.7
Vn tc thit b gt vng v cn (m/pht) 0.6 1.2 0.9
Hnh tr trn
Su (m) 3.0 4.6 3.7
ng knh (m) 3.0 61 12.2 45.8
dc ca y (m/m) 0.063 0.167 0.083
Vn tc thit b gt vng v cn (vng/pht) 0.02 0.05 0.03
B bn hot tnh:
Loi b x l
X l nc thi bng b bn hot tnh bao gm b cha kh v b lng, vi
sinh vt kt bng c tch ra b lng v hon lu li b hiu kh duy tr nng
cao ca vi sinh vt c hot tnh, lng bn tha c tch ra a vo b nn
bn hay cc cng trnh x l bn khc m bo c oxy thng xuyn v trn
u nc thi vi bn hot tnh, cn phi cung cp kh cho b hiu kh bng h
thng sc kh.
B bn hot tnh l mt qui trnh x l sinh hc hiu kh trong b khng c
gi bm cho vi khun .
Vic loi b BOD, keo t, cc ht keo khng lng v c nh cc cht hu c c
thc hin bi vi sinh vt, ch yu l cc vi khun. Cc vi sinh vt c s dng
chuyn ha cc ht keo v cc cht hu c thnh cc cht kh v cc t bo vi
khun mi. Do cc t bo vi khun c t trng ln hn t trng ring ca nc
n c th tch khi nc thi bng phng php lng trng lc.
Thi gian lu ca nc thi, ch np nc v cc cht hu c
trong b phn ng: Theo s liu ca M, thi gian c tr trung bnh ca vi khun
trong b theo th tch b 5 15 ngy, thi gian lu tn nc trong b 4 8 gi.
Hiu sut sc kh v t l thc n trn vi sinh vt (F/M) nn gi tr s DO = 1,5
4 mg/l ti mi khu vc trong b, trn 4mg/l khng tng hiu sut m cn tn in.
i vi F/M ln hn 0,3mg/l, lng khng kh cn thit 30 55m
3
/kgBOD
5
c
x l( h thng to bt kh), 24 36 m
3
/kgBOD
5
c x l (h thng sc kh to
bt mn). Nu F/M nh hn 0,3mg/l lng khng kh cn thit s tng ln. Thng
thng khi s dng h thng bm nn kh vi h thng khuch tn kh ngi ta
cn 3,75 15m
3
khng kh trn mt m
3
nc thi. i vi cc thit b c kh khy
o sc kh cn 1 1,5kgO
2
/kgBOD
5
c x l, theo thc nghim b bn
hot tnh khuy hon chnh cho thy gi tr F/M nm trong khong 0,2 1,0.
B lng th cp:
B lng th cp dng loi b cc t bo vi khun nm dng cc bng
cn. B lng th cp c hnh dng cu to gn ging vi b lng s cp, tuy nhin
thng s thit k v lu lng np nc thi trn mt n v din tch b mt ca
b khc rt nhiu. Ta c th tham kho cc thng s thit k theo bn sau.
Bng 3.3 Cc thng s tham kho thit k b lng th cp
Lu lng np nc
m
3
/m
2
.d
Lu lng np
cht rn kg/m
2
h
Chiu
su
ca b m Trung bnh Ti nh Trung bnh Ti nh
Bn hot tnh thng kh
bng khng kh (ngoi tr
loi thng kh ko di)
16,3 32,6 40,7 48,93,9 5,9
9,8
3,66 6,1
Bn hot tnh thng kh
bngoxy tinh khit
16,3 32,6 40,7 48,9 4,9 6,8
9,8
3,66 6,1
Bn hot tnh thng kh
ko di
8,2 16,3 24,4 32,6 1 4,9
6,8
3,66 6,1
B lc sinh hc nh git
16,3 24,4 40,7 48,9 2,9 4,9
7,8
3,05 4,57
a quay sinh hc
Nc thi th cp
16,3 32,6 40,7 48,93,9 5,9
9,8
3,05 4,57
Nc thi nitrat ha
16,3 24,4 32,6 40,72,9 4,9
7,8
3,05 4,57
II.7.B kh trng:
hon thnh cng on x l nc thi dng chclorine. Nc thi v
dung dch chclor( phn phi qua ng chm l hoc sut chiu ngang ca b trn)
c cho vo b trn trang b mt my khuy vn tc cao, thi gian lu tn ca
nc thi v dung dch chclorine trong b khng ngn hn 30 giy. Sau nc
thi trn ln vi dung dch chclorine c cho chy qua b tip xc c chia
thnh nhng knh di v hp theo ng gp khc.
Thi gian tip xc gia chclorine v nc thi t 15 45 pht, t nht phi gi
c 15 pht ti nh. B tip xc chclorine thng c thit k theo kiu
plug_flow. T l di : rng t 10:1 n 40:1. Vn tc ti thiu ca nc thi t 2
4,5m/pht trnh lng bn trong b.

II.8. Sn phi bn:
Bn thi ra t b tuyn ni, b lng s cp v b lng th cp c a
ra sn phi bn. Sn phi bn c coi l mt cng on lm kh bn, lm gim
m bn xung cn khong 70 80% , ngha l hm lng vt cht kh trong
bn tng ln n 20 30%. V din tch m ca nh my ln nn thch hp cho
thit k sn phi bn.
y sn phi bn thng lm bng btng ct thp m bo cch ly
nc r t bn vo nc ngm v c mi che di ng trnh nc ma vo.
Ch tiu thit k lm gim m bn xung cn 75%
Chiu dy lp bn l 8cm( thi gian phi 3 tun).
TNH TON CC HNG MC CNG TRNH
Lu lng nc thi tnh ton:
Lu lng trung bnh ngy m: Q = 2302 m
3
/ngy m
Lu lng trung bnh : (mi ngy sn xut 8h)
3
2302
287, 75( / )
8 8
tb
Q
Q m h
=0,0799m
3
/s=79,9 L/s
(Ngun :TCXD 51-2008)
K
0
max
=1,6402
K
0
min
=0,5739
Q
tb
max
= Q
tb
x K
0
max
= 79,9*1,6402= 131,05 (L/s) =0,131(m
3
/s)
Q
tb
min
= Q
t b
x K
0
min
= 79,9*0,5739= 45,85 (L/s) = 0,0127 (m
3
/s)
Tnh ton li hm lng cc cht trong nc thi: Lng nc thi sn
xut hng ngy l 2250m
3
. Lng nc thi sinh hot hng ngy l 52 m
3

5
1800*2250 294*52
1765, 98 /
2250 52
BOD mg L
+

+
2200 2250 735 52
2166, 9 /
2302
COD mg L
+

2000 2250 294 52
1961, 46 /
2302
SS mg L
+

250 2250 35 52
245,14 /
2302
TKN mg L
+

30 2250 29 52
29, 98 /
2302
P mg L
+

Du m ng vt 250 mg/L

1. Tnh ton knh dn nc
Chn vn tc dng chy trong knh l v = 0,7m/s
- Din tch mt ct t ca knh dn:
( )
2
0,131
0,187
0, 7
MAX
KD
Q
A m
v

Chn chiu su ngp nc h
1
= 0,62 m
- Chiu rng knh dn :
( )
1
0,187
0, 3
0, 62
KD
A
B m
h

Chn chiu cao mt thong l: h
2
= 0,3m
- Chiu cao thc t knh dn nc: H
K
=h
1
+ h
2
= 0,62 +0,3=0,92(m)
2. Tnh ton song chn rc:
Nc thi dn vo h thng x l nc trc ht phi qua song chn rc.
Ti y cc thnh phn rc c kch thc ln nh: vi vn, v hp, l cy
c gia li. y l bc quan trng nhm m bo an ton v iu kin lm
vic thun li cho c h thng x l nc thi.
Bng 4: Cc gi thng dng thit k song chn rc:
Ch tiu Khong bin thin Tr thit k
Vn tc nc chy qua
song chn v (m/s)
0,3 0,6 0,6
Chiu rng khe (cm) 2,5 5 2,5
nghing so vi trc
ng (mm)
30 45 45
B dy ca sc (cm) 0,51 1,52 1,2
B bn ca st (cm) 2,54 3,81 2,6
(Theo Ths.L Hong Vit, Gio trnh Phng Php X L Nc Thi,
2003 )
Cc thng s la chn thuyt k:
Vn tc qua song chn V=0,6 m/s
Khong h cc thanh B=0,025 cm
nghing vi trc co rc bng th cng R=45
0
B dy ca st C=0,012m
Chn gc m rng
=20
0
Lu lng nc thi Q
max
=0,131m
3
/s
Chiu rng knh dn nc thi n song chn rc W
t
=0.3(m)
Chn chiu su ngp nc ca on t song chn rc h
1
=0,62 m
Din tch phn khe h ngp nc
( )
2 max
0,131
0, 22
0, 6
Q
A m
v

Tng b rng cc khe:
Gi s kch thc rc l 3 cm ,chn chiu rng khe l B=2,5
cm=0,025m
1
A 0 22
W= 0 35
h 0 62
,
,
,

(m) S khe:
W 0 35
14
0 025
N
B
,
,

(khe)
S thanh: F=N-1= 14-1=13(thanh) chn 13 thanh
Tng chiu rng lt lng ca knh ni t song chn rc
k
W W+F.C=0,35+13*0,012=0,506
(m)
Nh vy knh dn s c m t 0.3(m) --0.506(m). trnh hin tng chy
ri chn gc m rng 20
0
.
Chiu di on m rng:
k t
1
W W 0 506 0 3
0 28
2.tg20 2 20
L
tg
, ,
,
.

m
Chiu di on thu hp: L
2
=0,5.L
1
= 0,5*0.28 =0,14m
Vn tc ngay trc song v
t
=
0,131
0, 595
0, 22

m/s
gim p:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
3
1
0 6 0 595
1
0 44 10
0 7 2 2 9 8 0 7
t
v v
h
g

1
]

, ,
( )
. , .
, . .( , ).( , )
m
(Tha<0,1554m )
T ngun x n h thng x l l 100 m., dc knh dn l 0,0033
Chn h
bv=
0,3m
Chiu cao mng t song chn H=0,62+0,3+0,33+0,44.10
-3
=1,25m
Chiu di song chn:
1, 25
1, 77
os os45
s
H
B
c c

(m)
Chiu cao tng cng ca song chn:
1, 77 0, 3 2, 07
t s
B B h + +
(m)
Chiu di ni t song chn rc 1,25m.
Gi s lng rc trong nc thi l 3L/nm (TCVN), lng rc mi
ngy ca cng ty vi 430 ngi l 3,5 L/ngy =3,5.10
-3
m
3
/ngy.Mt
ngy thu gom mt ln,chiu cao trn sn khng qu 0,1 m. Nn chn
sn c kch thc d x r: 0,612 x 0,05(m)
Tng chiu di knh t song chn rc l L=
0,28+0,14+1,25+0,05=1,72m.
Vy song nghing 45
0
,gm c 13 thanh, b dy thanh 12mm, khong cch khe
hai thanh 2,5cm,chiu di thanh 2,07 m, vn tc qua khe 0,6 m/s, chiu cao
mng t 1,25m, Chiu di mng 1,72m.
B Lng Ct:
Gi s trong nc thi c ct vi c ht l d = 0,2 mm
Tra bng ti trng b mt ca b lng ct ( theo Trnh Xun Lai ), ta c ln thy
lc ca ht 0,2mm l U
0
= 18,7 mm/s = 0,0187 m/s.
Chn K l h s thc nghim tnh n nh hng ca c tnh dng chy ca nc
n tc lng ca ht ct trong b lng ct: K = 1,3 ng vi U
0
= 24,2mm/s v K
= 1,7 ng vi U
0
= 18,7mm/s ( iu 6.3.3 TCXD-51-84).
- Vn tc nc chy qua b: V = 0,3 m/s
- Chiu su ca ming di cng ni nc thi c a vo b lng l : 0,5 m
- Din tch b mt lng:
A = ( K*Q
max
)/ U
0
= ( 1,7*0,131 )/0,0187 = 11,9 m
2
T l chiu di v chiu su cng tc:
U
V
K
H
L
0
*
= 1,7 *
0, 3
0, 0187
= 27,3
Chn chiu su cng tc ca b l H = 0,5 m
Chiu di b lng ct ngang: L = 27,3* 0,5 = 13,65 m
hn ch dng chy ri u vo v u ra ta chn chiu di b lng ct l 20,5
m
Chiu Rng ca b: B =
L
A
=
11, 9
13, 65
= 0,87 m
Chiu su cht ca b H
1
= 0,5 + 0,2 = 0,7 m
( 0,2 m l khong cch t mt t n thnh b trnh nc ma chy trn 0,5
m l khong cch t ming cng x n mt t ).
Tnh lng ct:
H thng x l chung ca sn xut v sinh hot (430 ngi ), lng ct trong 7
ngy (gi s hiu sut lng l 100%
G=(0,04*430*1600 *7)/1000 =192,64 kg
+ Th tch ct tch li trong b:
V
ct
=
3
192, 64
1600 /
kg
kg m
= 0,1204m
3
+ Chiu su lp ct trong b: H
3
=
A
cat
V
=
0,1204
11, 9
= 0,01 m.
- Chiu su tng cng ca b l: H
tt
= H
1
+ H + H
3
= 0,7 + 0,5 + 0,01 = 1,21 m
- Th tch hu dng ca b: V
hd
= H*A = 0.5 * 11,9 = 5,95 m
3
- Chia b thnh 06 ngn V
n
= V
hd
/6 = 5,95 /6 = 0, 992m
3
- Chiu di mi ngn: L
n
= L/6 = 20,5/6= 3,4m
- Thi gian tn lu trong b
min
ax
hd
m
V
Q

=
5, 95
0,131
= 45,4 giy (tha 45-90 giy)
min
max
Q
V
hd

=
5, 95
0, 046
= 129,3 giy
- H thu ct hnh ch nht
+ Chn chiu di ca h thu ct ng bng chiu rng ca b lng ct L
h
= B =
0,87 m
+ Chiu rng ca h thu ct l: b
h
= 2 m
+ Chiu cao ca ct trong h thu: H
h
= V
cat
/(2*0,87) =0,1204/(2*0,87) =0,07m
- Sn phi ct:
+ Lng ct c gi li trong 05 nm l:
G=(0,04*430*1600 *365*5)/1000 =50224 kg
V =
3
50224
1600 /
kg
kg m
= 31,39 m
3
+ Chn chiu cao ct ct trong sn l 1m
+ Chn sn phi ct hnh vung c cnh l 5,6 m.

B lng s cp:
Chn b lng t 1 dng trn, nc thi i vo t ng trung tm, thu nc theo
chu vi b.
Loi b cc tp cht l lng cn li trong nc thi qua b iu ha. y
cc cht l lng c t trng ln hn t trn ca nc s lng xung y. Hm
lng cht l lng sau khi qua b lng t 1 cn t 150 mg/l.
Tnh ton b lng s cp::
Cc thng s u vo:
Q = 2302 m
3
/ngy
COD = 758,4 mg/l
BOD = 706,4 mg/l
SS
v
= 294,2 mg/l
Du m = 50 mg/l
P
v
= 29,98mg/l
N
v
= 245,14
Bng 5: Cc s liu tham kho thit k b lng s cp hnh vnh
khn:
Thng s
Gi tr
Khong bin
thin
Tr thit k
Thi gian lu tn (gi) 1,5 2,5
Ti trng b mt SOR (m
3
/m
2
.d) 31 50 50
Ti trng qua mng thu a
m
(m
3
/m di.d)
124 490
Hiu sut loi SS (%) 50 65 55
Hiu sut loi BOD,COD (%) 30 40 33
(Theo gio trnh Tnh Ton Thit K Cc Cng Trnh X l nc thi,
2000, Trnh Xun Lai )

Xc nh din tch b mt ca b lng:
Chn ti trng b mt l 43,986 m
3
/m
2
.d
A
1
=
2302
52, 334
43, 986
Q
SOR

(m
2
)
ng knh vng lng:
1
1
4 4 52, 334
D 8,16
A
m

ng knh bung phn phi nc:
2 1
D 30%* 0, 3 8,16 2, 4 D m
Din tch vng phn phi nc
2 2
2 2
2
. 2, 4
4, 5
4 4
D
A m

Tng din tch ca b lng:
A= A
1
+A
2
= 52,334+4,5= 56,834 m
2
ng knh tng cng ca b:
4. 4 56, 834
D 8, 5
A
m

Chn chiu su hot ng ca nc trong b l h
3
= 3,5
Chiu su bung phn phi nc (0,55
06)h
3
cng thm 0,3 m phn ni ln trn.
Vy chiu cao ca bung phn phi nc l h
1=
2,3m.
Th tch nc trong phn b hnh tr:
V
1
=Ah
3
= 56,8343,5 = 198,9m
3
Th tch bung phn phi:
V
pp
=A
2
*h
1
=4,5*2,3=10,35m
3
Tnh ton phn chp ct:
T l dc y b l 1:12.
Chn: ng knh h cha bn l D
3
= 2
Chiu su phn chp ct:
3
1 1 8, 5 2
( ) ( ) 0, 27
12 2 12 2
cc
D D
h m

Th tch phn chp ct:
,
_
+ +

4
*
3
1
2
3 3
2
D D D D
h V
cc cc

2 2
3
1 8, 5 8, 5 2 2
0, 27 6, 6
3 4
m
_ + +

,
Th tch phn cha nc:
V
cn
= V
cc
+ V
1
= 6,6+198,9= 205,5 m
3
Th tch vng lng:
V
vl
=A
1
*h3=183,17m
3
Kim thi gian lu tn nc:
183,17
0, 0796 1, 91
2302
vl
V
d h
Q

(Tha iu kin thi gian lu nc
1, 5 2, 5h
Theo gio trnh Tnh Ton
Thit K Cc Cng Trnh X l nc thi, 2000, Trnh Xun Lai )
Chn chiu su ca b H=3,8m,
Chn chiu su bung phn phi trung tm h
1
=2,3m
chiu su phn d tr h
2
=0,3m
Chn chiu su hot ng ca nc l h
3
=H h
2
= 4 0,3
=3,5m
Chiu su phn chp ct h
4
=h
cc
= 0,27(y b c t l 1:12 v
tm)
Chiu su phn cha bn hnh tr: h
5
=h
3
h
1
h
4
=3,5-2,3-
0,27=0,93m
Th tch phn cha bn: V
bn
=A
1
. h
5
=52,334.(0,93)
=48,7(m
3
)
Tnh Hiu sut kh BOD
5
, COD, SS.
*
t
R
a b t
+
(%)
R : hiu sut kh BOD
5
, COD, SS .
a, b : hng s thc nghim
t : thi gian lu nc 1,91 (gi).
Bng 6.1:Gi tri hng s thc nghim a,b t 20
0
c
Ch tiu a n v (h) b
Kh BOD
5
0,018 0,02
Kh SS 0,0075 0,014
Hiu sut kh BOD
5
, COD.
5
1, 91
33, 9%
* 0, 018 0, 02*1, 91
BOD COD
t
R R
a b t

+ +
Hiu sut kh SS.
1, 91
55, 78%
* 0.0075 0.014*1, 91
SS
t
R
a b t

+ +
o Tnh nng COD,BOD
5
,SS u ra ca b lng s cp
(mg/l)
o BOD
5
= 706,4 *(1-0,339) =466,9(mg/l )
o COD = 500(mg/l)
o SS = 130(mg/l )
Vn tc vng lng
4
1
2302
5.10 /
52, 334*86400
Q
v m s
A

Vn tc gii hn trong vng lng
V
H
=
1/ 2 1/ 2
4
8 ( 1) 8*0, 06(1, 25 1)9, 81*10
0, 0686 /
0, 025
k gd
m s
f

1 1

1 1
] ]
Trong :
k: Hng s ph thuc vo tnh cht cn, chn k=0,06 txl
:T trng ht, chn l 1,25

g: Gia tc trng trng g=9,81m/s
2
d: ng knh tng ng ca ht,chn d=10
-4
m
f: H s ma st, h s ny ph thuc vo c tnh b mt ca ht v h s Reynol
ca ht khi lng,chn f=0,025.
Mng thu nc c b tr st thnh b chy dc theo ng knh b.Vy chiu
di ca mng thu nc (L
n
)
L
n
=
*
D
= 3,14 * 8,5 =26,69 (m)

Chn chiu rng mng thu nc l 0,4 m,chiu su 0,5 m.Vy th tch mng thu
nc l:
V =L
n
* B * H = 26,69 * 0,4 * 0,5 =5,34(m
3
)
Ti trng thy lc mng thu nc trn 1m chiu di (b)
2302
86, 25
26, 69
n
Q
b
L

(m
3
/m
2
.ngy) <125 (m
3
/m
2
.ngy) (TS.Trnh Xun
Lai Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi )
Xc nh th tch bn
Lng cht l lng (bn ti sinh ra mi ngy)
M
t
=
55, 78 1
294, 2* *2302* 377,8
100 1000

(kgSS/d)
Gi s bn ti c hm lng cn 5% ( m =95%)
T s VSS:SS =0,75 v khi lng ring ca bn ti l 1,0072 kg/L
Lu lng bn cn x l mi ngy
Q
ti
=
3
377, 8
7502 / =7,5 m /
0, 05*0,10072
L d d
Lng bn ti c kh nng phn hy sinh hc
M
Vss
=377,8*0,75=283,35 kg VSS/ngy
Th tch h thu cn Q
c
=A
3*
h
5
=
2 2
3
*2
0, 93 0, 93 2, 92
4 4
D
m
3
Khong 9h thu cn mt ln.
Vy thit k b lng s cp vi:
ng knh:Tng cng ca b: 8,5m, bung phn phi nc: 2,4m
Mng thu nc L
n
= 26,69 (m),
Chiu su : Tng ca b H=3,8m, chiu su hot ng ca nc l h
3
=3,5m
H cha bn hnh tr chiu su: h
5
=0,93m,chiu cao 0,93m
Hiu sut kh BOD l 33,9%,cn SS l 55,78%. Thi gian lu nc 1,91.
4.2.5 B bn hot tnh kh BOD v Nitrat ha nc thi:
Thng s u vo:
Q=2302 (m
3
/d)
BOD
5v
=466,9(mg/l)
COD
v
=500 (mg/l)
SS
v
=130 (mg/l)
T=20
o
C
N
v
=245,14 (mg/l)
P
v
=29,98 (mg/l)
Cn bng dng cht:
Nhu cu v dng cht nhm bo m s pht trin ca cc vi khun
theo t l BOD
5
: N: P = 100: 5: 1
Lng Nit phn ng trong b:
5v
5.BOD 5*466,9
N= = =23,345(mg/l)
100 100
Lng Nit cn d trong b:
d v
N =N - N=245,14-23,445=221,8 (mg/l)
Lng Phospho phn ng trong b:
5v
BOD 466,9
P = = =4,669 (mg/l)
100 100
Lng Phospho cn d:
P
d
= P
v
P =29,98 4,669 =25,3 (mg/l)
Bng 6: Cc thng s ng hc ca qu trnh Nitrat ha trong b bn
hot tnh.
H s n v o
Gi tr
Khong bin thin Tr thit k
N
max
d
-1
0,42 0,47
K
N
NH
4
+
, N, mg/L 0,23 0,5
Y
N
mg bn hot tnh/mg
NH
4
+
0,10,3 0,16
K
d
d
-1
0,0250,075 0,06
2
O
K
mg/L
0,15 15
o
C2
20
o
C
1,3
( TS.Trnh Xun Lai-TTTK cc cng trnh x l nc thi )
Bng 7: Cc thng s cn thit khc thit k b bn hot tnh
Thng s
Gi tr
Khong bin
thin
Tr thit k
Thi gian lu tn nc (gi) 48
Nng vi khun trong dung dch bn
hon lu X
w
(mg/L)
800010000 10000
Lng cht l lng trong b (MLSS),
(mgSS/L)
15004000 3500
T l hon lu R
hl
0,251,0
Hiu sut loi BOD(%) 8095
Tnh cc thng s ng lc:
Theo L Hong Vit, Gio trnh bi tp Phng Php X L Nc
Thi, 2002:
0,051T-1,158 0,05120-1,158
N
K =10 =10 =0,728 (mg/L)
H s hiu chnh nhit :

0,098 (T 15) 0,098 (20 15)
hc
T e e 1,63
Tnh tc tng trng ca vi khun Nitrat ha:
( )
( )
1 1
1
1 1
]
+ +
1 1
] ]
1 1
1
] 1 1
+ +
] ]
3
3 2
NH
N Nmax hc min
N NH O
-1
N
N
DO
.T 1 0,833 7,2 pH
K N K DO
221,8 2
0,9.(1,63) 1-0,833 7,2-7,2 =0,73 (d )
0,728 221,8 2 2

min
pH =7,2 , DO=2 (mg/L) nong o oxy hoa tan
Tc oxy ha cc i:

1 N
N
0,73
k 4,56(d )
Y 0,16
Thi gian lu tn t bo ti thiu:
p dng cng thc:
d
C min
1
Y.k K
Vi: k= 4,56 (d
-1
)
K
d
=0,06 (d
-1
)

1
C min
N d
1 1
1,49(d )
Y .k K 0,16.(4,56) 0,06
Xc nh
C tk
thit k:

C tk C min
SF. 2,5.(1,49) 3,73(d)
(vi SF=2,5 (h s an ton))
Tc s dng cht nn:
p dng cng thc:
_
_
+ +

,
,
N N d
C tk
1
N d
N C tk
1
Y .U K
1 1 1 1
U K 0,06 2,05(d )
Y 0,16 3,73
Tnh hm lng Nit u ra:
p dng cng thc:
r
N
N r
N N
r
N
N
U k.
K N
U .K 2,05*0,728
N = = =0,59 (mg/L)
k-U 4,56-2,05
Tc s dng BOD:
Y
BOD
=0,6 (mg/mg)
k
d-BOD
=0,06 (d
-1
)
_
_
+

,
,
-1
BOD d BOD
BOD C tk
1 1 1 1
U K = +0,06 =0,547 (d )
Y 0,6 3,73
Hiu sut loi BOD l 93,6%
Hiu sut loi BOD, COD, SS:
BOD
r
=466,9 (1-0,936) =29,88 (mg/L)
COD
r
=500(1-0,936)=32 (mg/L)
SS
r
=130. (1-0,936) =8,32 (mg/L)
BOD
U F 0,547
= = =0,584(mg/mg.d)
M E 0,936
Thi gian tn lu nc cn thit:
i vi cc hp cht hu c:
X =0,7 *MLSS=0,7*4000=2800 (mg/L)
( tro Z= 0,2)
Thi gian tn lu nc cn thit loi BOD

0
BOD
BOD
S -S 466,9-29,88
= 24=6,85(gi)
U .X 0,547.2800
i vi Nitrat ha:
Gi s 8%VSS =X b oxy ha:
X
N
=X.8/100 =2800. (0,08) =224 (mg/L)
Thi gian tn lu cn thit Nitrat ha:

v r
N
N N
N -N 221,8-0,59
=24 =11,561(gi)
U .X 2,05.224
=>So snh 2 thi gian tn lu, chng ta chn thi gian tn lu ln
lm thi gian thit k,do :
C tk
=11,57 (gi)
Th tch b bn hot tnh:

3
tk tb C tk
2302.(11, 57)
V Q . =1109,8 (m)
24
Chn chiu su hot ng ca b l h
1
=4,6(m), chiu su bo v h
2
=6,
Din tch cn thit ca b:
2 tk
1
V 1109,8
A = = =241,3 (m )
h 4,6
Chn chiu di L gp 2 ln chiu rng W:
Chiu rng:
A 241,3
W= = =10,98 (m)
2 2
(chn 11m)
Chiu di: L = 2.W =2*11 =22 (m)
Ti lng np BOD:
-3
3 tb v
nap
tk
Q .BOD 2302.(466,9.10 )
BOD = = =0,968(Kg/m.d)
V 1109,8
Tnh lng oxy cn thit cung cp cho b:
Ta c h s chuyn i BOD
5
: 1,1
25 , 1 K
.(Theo L Hong Vit, 2000, Gio
trnh bi tp x l nc thi). Chn K = 1,18
H s chuyn i BOD
5
( )

+
1
]
5 5
5
BOD BOD
2 tb BOD v v
3
2
k =1,11,25, chon k 1,18
O Q .(k .BOD 4,57.N ).SF
O =2302. 1,18 466,9 +4,57.(221,8) .10 .2,5=3601,6 (Kg/d)
Trong :
H s an ton SF=2,5
4,57: H s chuyn i cho nhu cu oxy oxy ha hon ton
tng Nit u vo.
Th tch khng kh cn s dng:
Theo L Hong Vit, Gio trnh Bi Tp phng php x L Nc
Thi, 2002. Gi s trng lng ring ca khng kh l 1,202 Kg/m
3
v cha 23,2% oxy gen tnh theo trng lng.
3 3 2
kk
O 3601,6
V = = =12915,3 (m/d) =538,14(m / h)
1,202.(0,232) 1,202.(0,232)
Nu s dng ng nha PVC c l phn phi th hiu sut cp
kh su 4,6m l 28 32%. Chn hiu sut cp kh l E
kk
= 30%.
Lng khng kh cn cung cp cho b l.
Lng khng kh cung cp:
3 kk
kk
V 538,14
KK = = =1793,8 (m / h)
E 0,3
Chn 3 my bm nn kh c cng sut 600(m
3
/h) (thm 1 ci
d phng cng sut 600(m
3
/h))
Tnh lch trnh thi bn:
p dng cng thc:
C
W W e e
V.X
Q .X Q .X

Trong :
V = V
tk
= 1109,8 (m
3
): th tch thit k ca b bn
X
e
: nng vi khun trong nc thi u ra (mg/l)
X
e
= SS
r
.(1-z)=8,32(1-0,3)=5,83(mg/l) vi z = 0,3 tro ca bn
Q
w
: lng bn thi b (mg/l)
X = 2800 (mg/l) nng bn hot tnh trong b bn
X
w
= 10000 (mg/l): nng vi sinh vt trong bn thi b
Q
e
=Q
v
=2302( m
3
/d): Lu lng nc thi u ra bng lu lng nc
thi vo h thng
t tng lng bn thi b l:
bun W W e e
W Q .X Q .X +
Ta c:
X = 0,7 MLSS =0,7.4000 =2800 (mg/L)

C tk
3,73d
-3
tk
bun
C tk
V .X 1109,8.2800.10
W = = =833,1(Kg/d)
3,73
Lng bn thi b

-3
3 bun e e
W -3
W
W Q .X 833,1-2302.(5,83).10
Q =81,97 (m / d)
X 10000.10
Lng bn han lu:
Chn X
r
=10000 (mg/L), nng vi khun trong dch tun hon.
3 V
r
r
Q .X 2302.2800
Q = = =895,2(m / d)
X - X 10000-2800
T l hon lu:

r
hl
V
Q 895,2
R 0,39 39%
Q 2302
Tnh lng phn nhm s dng loi b Phospho:
Thng s u vo:
P =25,3 (mg/L)
Al
=1,33 (Kg/L), ttrong phen nhom
Al =4,37%
Tng lng Phospho trong nc thi:

Phn nhm c cng thc sau: Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.14H
2
O
Phn t lng phn nhm: M=666,42g/mol( Ha cht thc t
s dng ca phng th nghim)
-3
t d
P =Q.P =2302.(25,3).10 =58,2 (Kg/d)
Tnh s mol phn nhm cn thit s dng trong 1 ngy:
Phn t lng Phospho: AW
p
=31
Phn t lng nhm: AW
Al
=27
S dng t l 2 mol phn nhm cho 1 mol phospho loi b, ta c:
t Al
sd
P
2.P.AW 2.(58,2).27
Al = = =101,38 (Kg/d)
AW 31
Dung dch phn cn s dng:
( )
sd
dd
Al
Al 101,38
Al = 100=1744,3 (lt/d) =72,68 (lt/h)
.Al 1,33. 4,37
Vy cc kch thc b bn hot tnh c xy dng nh sau:
Chiu di b: L = 22m
Chiu rng b: B = 11m
Chiu su thit k b : H
tk
=4,6 m
Chiu su xy dng b: H
xd
= 5,2 m,
B LNG TH CP:
Chc nng:
Tch bn hot tnh cht hu c, cht rn l lng ra khi hn hp, lng trong
nc phn trn x ra ngun tip nhn, t bo vi khun nm dng cc bng
cn, cc bng cn ny lng xung y b to thnh bn, mt phn bn hon lu v
b bn hot tnh, bn d x ra sn phi bn.
B lng th cp c 2 dng: tr trn v ch nht nhng thng l b trn v b
ch nht hiu qu lng thp hn, cn lng tch lu gc b thng b my gt cn
khuy ng tri theo dng nc i vo mng thu ra b.
Cc thng s thit k b lng t II
Loi x l
Ti trng b mt
(m
3
/m
2
.ngy)
Ti trng bn
(Kg/m
2
.h)
Chiu su
tng cng (m)
Trung bnh Ln nht Trung bnh Ln nht
Bn hot
tnh
16 32 40 48 3,9 5,8 9,7 3,7 6,0
Bn hot
tnh oxygen
16 32 40 48 4,9 6,8 9,7 3,7 6,0
Aeroten
tng cng
8 16 24 32 0,98 4,9 6,8 3,7 6,0
Lc sinh
hc
16 24 40 48 2,9 4,9 7,8 3,0 4,5
X l BOD 16 32 40 48 3,9 5,8 9,7 3,0 4,5
Nitrate ha 16 24 32 40 2,9 4,9 7,8 3,0 4,5
( TS.Trnh Xun Lai-TTTK cc cng trnh x l nc thi )
Lu lng:
Q = 2302 m
3
/ngy
Tnh ton:
Din tch b mt vng lng:
Chn ti lng np b mt: SOR = 28 m
3
/m
2
.ngy
2
1
2302
A 82, 2
28
Q
m
SOR

ng knh vng lng:
1
1
4 4 82, 2
D 10, 23
A
m

ng knh bung phn phi nc:
2 1
D 30%* 0, 3 10, 23 3, 07 D m
Din tch vng phn phi nc
2 2
2 2
2
. 3, 07
7, 4
4 4
D
A m

Tng din tch ca b lng:
A= A
1
+A
2
= 82,2+7,4= 89,6 m
2
ng knh tng cng ca b:
4. 4 89, 6
D 10, 68
A
m

Chn chiu su hot ng ca nc trong b l h
3
= 3,5m
Chiu su bung phn phi nc (0,55
06)h
3
cng thm 0,3 m phn ni ln
trn. Vy chiu cao ca bung phn phi nc l h
1=
2,3m.
Th tch nc trong phn b hnh tr:
V
1
=Ah
3
= 89,63,5 = 313,6 m
3
Th tch bung phn phi:
V
pp
=A
2
*h
1
=7,4*2,3=17,02 m
3
Tnh ton phn chp ct:
T l dc y b l 1:12.
Chn: ng knh h cha bn l D
3
= 2
Chiu su phn chp ct:
3
1 1 10, 68 2
( ) ( ) 0, 36
12 2 12 2
cc
D D
h m

Th tch phn chp ct:
,
_
+ +

4
*
3
1
2
3 3
2
D D D D
h V
cc cc

2 2
3
1 10, 68 10, 68 2 2
0, 36 13,13
3 4
m
_ + +

,
Th tch phn cha nc:
V
cn
= V
cc
+ V
1
= 13,13+313,6= 326,7 m
3
Th tch vng lng:
V
vl
= ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 3
2
3, 5 10, 68 3, 07 3, 5 287, 5
4 4
D D m

Kim thi gian lu tn nc:
287, 5
0,125 3
2302
vl
V
d h
Q

(Tha iu kin thi gian lu
h 6 2
)
Kim tra ti trng b mt:
r
1
Q+Q 2302+895,2
a= = =38,9
A 82,2

3 2
(m/m.d) (tha bng trn)
Chn chiu su ca b H=3,8m,
Chn chiu su bung phn phi trung tm h
1
=2,3m
chiu su phn d tr h
2
=0,3m
Chiu su ct nc: h
3
=H h
2
= 4 0,3 =3,5m
Chiu su phn chp ct h
4
= 0,288 (y b c t l 1:12 v
tm)
Chiu su phn cha bn hnh tr: h
5
=h
3
h
1
h
4
=0,92m
Th tch phn cha bn: V
bn
=A
1
. h
5
=82,2.(0,92) =75,6 (m
3
)
_ Tng th tch b lng th cp V=326,7+75,6=402,3 (m
3
)
Nng bn trung bnh trong b:
3 L t
tb
C +C 5000+10000
C = = =7500 (mg/L) =7,5 (Kg/m)
2 2
(Theo Trnh Xuan Lai, Tnh toan thiet kecac cong trnh xly nc thai)
Trong : C
L
=C
t
/2 =10000/2 =5000 (mg/L), nng cn ti mt
phn chia ca b.
Lng bn cha trong b:
G
bn
=V
bn
. C
tb
=75,6*7,5 =567 (Kg)
Mng thu nc c b tr st thnh b chy dc theo ng knh b.Vy chiu
di ca mng thu nc (L
n
)
L
n
=
*
D
= 3,14 * 10,68 =35,54 (m)

Chn chiu rng mng thu nc l 0,4 m,chiu su 0,5 m.Vy th tch mng thu
nc l:
V =L
n
* B * H = 35,54 * 0,4 * 0,5 =7,1(m
3
)
Ti trng thy lc mng thu nc trn 1m chiu di (b)
2302
64, 77
35, 54
n
Q
b
L

(m
3
/m
2
.ngy) <125 (m
3
/m
2
.ngy) (TS.Trnh Xun
Lai Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi )
B kh trng
+ Tnh nng vi khun u vo
Bng: Hiu sut kh trng ca mt s phng php
Phng php Hiu sut ( % ) Chn
B lng ct 10 25 20
B bn hot tnh 90 98 93,6
Ngun : L Hong Vit, Gio trnh Phng Php X L Nc Thi,
2002
p dng cng thc

) 1 ( * E C C
vo ra

Trong : vo
C
l nng Coliform u vo l 1,1.10
8
MPN/100ml
ra
C
l nng Coliform u ra
E l hiu sut x l ca phng php
=>
+ Nng Coliform u ra b lng ct l ml MPN 100 / 10 . 88
6
+Nng Coliform u ra h thng b bn hat tnh l
6
5, 632.10 /100 MPN ml
Vy nng Coliform u vo ca b kh trng l
6
5, 632.10 /100 MPN ml
+ Tnh ton kch thc b kh trng
Bng : Cc thng s cn thit thit k b kh trng
Thng s Gi tr
Thi gian lu tn ca nc thi v dung dch chlorine
trong b trn (giy)
30
Thi gian tip xc gia chlorine v nc thi (pht) 15 45
Vn tc ti thiu ca nc thi trong knh (m/pht) 2 4,5
Nng chlorine s dng (mg/L) 2 8
T l su: rng 1
T l di : rng 10:1 40:1
(Theo Ths.L Hong Vit, Gio trnh Phng Php X L
Nc Thi, 2003)
Chn
+ Chn thi gian lu trong phn khuy trn l 30s
+Chn thi gian lu trong phn tip xc l 25 pht
+Chiu su hu dng h
1
= 0,5m
+Chn chiu mt thong h
2
= 0,3 m
+Vn tc dng chy trong b v = 2 m/ pht
Th tch phn tip xc

3
* 1, 599*25 39, 98
tx
V Q t m
Chiu rng b

1
2302
1, 599
* 24*60*2*0, 5
Q
B m
v h

Din tch mt ct t
A= B * h
1
=1,599 * 0,5 = 0,8m
2
Chiu di b

39, 98
49, 98
0, 8
V
L m
A

Chia b lm 3 ngn ,
Chiu di mi ngn l

49, 98
16, 66
3
n
L
L m
n

(chn 16,7m)
B rng 1 ngn l 1,6 m
Chn b dy tng ngn l b = 0,1 m
Chiu rng tng cng trong b l

* ( 1) * 3*1, 6 (3 1) *0,1 5
t
B B n n b m + +

Chiu su tng cng
H = h
1
+ h
2
= 0,5 + 0,3 =0,8 m
Th tch phn khuy trn

3
2302*30
* 0,8
24*60*60
k
V Q t m
Chiu rng = 0,5m
Chiu su = 0,8 m
Chiu di = 2 m
+ Tnh lng Chlorine cn kh trng
Theo L Hong Vit, Gio trnh Phng Php X L Nc Thi, 2003 liu
lng Chlorine dng kh trng nc thi sau b bn hat tnh l 2 8 mg/l
Chn nng C = 5 mg/l
Lng Chlorine cn trong 1 ngy
M = Q * C = 1000 * 5 = 5000 g = 5 kg
Trong thc t , trong ha cht ch chim khong 20 % Chlorine hu dng
Lng ha cht thc t l

kg M
tt
25
20
100 * 5

/ngy
Dung dch chlorine c ng trong bnh nha kn v c chm nh lng
vo b khuy trn vi nc thi trc khi i vo b kh trng
+Tnh d lng Chlorine a vi khun xung cn 5000MPN/100ml
Chn thi gian tip xc l t = 25 pht
p dng cng thc:
( )
n
t
t
0
N
1 0,23.C .t
N

+
Trong :
n : H s thc nghim(Theo L Hong Vit, Gio trnh
Phng Php X L Nc Thi, 2002), n = 2,8 4 chn n
=3,5
C
t
: D lng chlorine thi gian tip xc (mg/L)
N
t
: Tng Coliform u ra (5000MPN/100ml)
N
o
: Tng Coliform u vo (MPN/100ml), N
o
=5,632.10
6
MPN/100ml
t

4
6
0
5000
8, 88.10
5, 632.10
1 0, 23. .
t
t
N
y
N
x C t

+
=>
5 , 3
x y

=>
3,5 3,5
4
1 1
7, 45
8,88.10
x
y

=>
1 7, 45 1
1,12 /
0, 23* 0, 23*25
t
x
C mg l
t

+ Hiu qu kh trng
D lng Chlorine l C
t
= 1,12mg /l
Thi gian tip xc l t = 25 pht
p dng cng thc:
n
t r
0
C .t N
N b

,
H s thc nghim b = 2,8 3 (pht.mg/L)
(Theo L Hong Vit, Gio trnh Bi Tp Phng Php X L Nc
Thi, 2002)
Chn b =2,87 (pht.mg/L)
Nng Chlorine u ra l

3,5
6
* 1,12*25
5, 632.10 1941, 8 /100
2, 87
t
r o
C t
N N MPN ml
b
_ _

, ,
t tiu chun TCVN 5945:1995
Vy thit k kch thc b kh trng (c 3 ngn)
Chiu di L=16,7 m
Chiu su tng cng H = 0,8 m
Chiu rng tng cng trong b l B
t
=5m
Chiu rng mi ngn B=1,6 m
Chiu di mi ngn L
n
=16,7m
B khuy trn
Chiu rng = 0,5m
Chiu su = 0,8 m
Chiu di = 2 m
4.2.8 Sn phi bn:
Cc thng s thit k sn phi bn:
Theo L Hong Vit, Gio trnh Phng Php X L Nc Thi, 2002
T trng dung dch
3
0
=1,02 (tan/m)
T trng bn kh
3
f
=1,07 (tan/m )
Nng bn u vo C
0
=5%
Nng bn u ra C
f
=25%
Trng lng bn ti em ra sn phi (bn b tuyn ni, lng s cp, v
bn b lng th cp )
B tuyn ni l: 8596,7 (Kg/d)
B lng s cp l: 377,8 (Kg/d)
B lng th cp l: 833,1 (Kg/d)
W
ngy
= 8596,7+377,8+833,1 =9807,5 (Kg/d)
Th tch dung dch bn 5% a ra sn phi bn mi ngy:

-3
ngay 3
0 0
W
9807,5.10
V =192,3 (m)
.C 1,02.(0,05)
Chn chiu dy bn 25% l 8cm, thi gian phi l 21 ngy
(Theo gio trnh Tnh Ton Thit K Cc Cng Trnh X l nc
thi,2000, Trnh Xun Lai )
D =0,08 (m)
Vy 1m
2
sn phi c th tch cha bn l:
V
cha
= 1m
2
.D =0,08 (m
2
)
Bn sau khi phi c t trng 1,07 tn/m
3
v hm lng 25%
Do , lng bn m 1m
2
sn phi bn cha c l:
cha cha f f
W V . .C 0,08.(1,07).(0,25).1000 21,4(Kg)
Lng bn cn phi trong 21 ngy:
W
phi
= 21. W
ngy
= 21. (9807,5) = 205957,5(Kg)
Din tch sn phi:

phi 2
cha
W
205957,5
A 9624,2(m )
W 21,4
B tr thnh 21 , vi din tch 1 l:

2
1
A 9624,2
A 458,3(m )
21 21
Chn: c kch thc 10x45,83m
Chiu dy tng xy = 0,1m
Chiu cao lp si h
1
=0,2m
Chiu cao lp ct h
2
= 0,2m (0,15 0,2m)
Chiu cao phn thong h
3
=0,3m
Li i gia t my bm bn l 0,8 m

Theo L Hong Vit, Gio trnh Phng Php X L Nc Thi, 2002
Chia sn thnh 3 hng , mi hng c 7
Chn khong cch li i gia t my bm bn l 0,8 m
Chiu rng tng cng ca sn phi bn
B
t
= 10 * 7 + 0,1(7 1) = 70,6 m
Chiu di tng cng ca b
L
t
= 45,83* 3 + 0,1 *( 3- 1 )+ 2 *0,8 = 139,3 m

Chiu cao dung dch bn l:
4
1
192, 3
0, 42
458, 3
V
h m
A

Vy chiu cao tng cng:
H =h
1
+ h
2
+ h
3
+ h
4
= 0,2 + 0,2 + 0,3 + 0,42 = 1,12 m
Vy sn phi bn gm:
-C 21 , kch thc mi 10x45,83m , chia sn thnh 3 hng , mi
hng c 7
-Chn khong cch li i gia t my bm bn l 0,8 m,
chiu dy tng xy = 0,1m
-Sn phi bn c tng chiu di l 139,3m; rng l 70,6, cao l
1,12m.
Song chn rc
Vy song nghing 45
0
,gm c 13 thanh, b dy thanh 12mm, khong cch
khe hai thanh 2,5cm,chiu di thanh 2,07 m, vn tc qua khe 0,6 m/s, chiu cao
mng t 1,25m, Chiu di mng 1,72m.
Vy thit k kch thc b kh trng (c 3 ngn)
Chiu di L=16,7 m
Chiu su tng cng H = 0,8 m
Chiu rng tng cng trong b l B
t
=5m
Chiu rng mi ngn B=1,6 m
Chiu di mi ngn L
n
=16,7m
B khuy trn
Chiu rng = 0,5m
Chiu su = 0,8 m
Chiu di = 2 m
CHNG : KT LUN & KIN NGH
KT LUN:
Vn bo v mi trng v ang tr thnh mt vn mang tnh ton cu, n
khng l nhim v ca ring quc gia no m l nhim v ca c nhn loi. Chnh
v vy vic xy dng mt h thng x l nc thi cho cng ty l mt
iu rt cn thit.
Nc thi ca nh my sau khi qua h thng x l s t tiu chun loi A- TCVN
5945-2005. Tuy nhin h thng x l nc thi ny ch mang tnh cht tham kho.
KIN NGH
Hin nay ngun nc ang b nhim rt trm trng do cc nh my x nghip
cha quan tm n vic x l ngun thi ca mnh. Thit ngh cc nh my nn v
phi xy dng cc bin php gim thiu v x l i tiu chun mi trng cc
ngun thi trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn.
Nu trin khai phng n ny, ti xin lu n nh my mt s vn nh nhng
rt quan trng lin quan n h thng x l ca phng n thit k:
Trc khi xy dng h thng x l nn cho chy th trn m hnh thc t, xem xt
kt qu nc thi u ra c th hiu chnh kp thi nhng sai st.
Phi thng xuyn theo di hot ng ca h thng x l kp thi khc phc
nhng s c c th xy ra.

Do An Thuy San Thien Ma

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Do An Thuy San Thien Ma

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

http://et32.mooo.

:T trng ht, chn l 1,25

= 3,14 * 8,5 =26,69 (m)

Tng lng Phospho trong nc thi:

= 3,14 * 10,68 =35,54 (m)

You might also like