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Trng THPT Anh sn 3

Ti liu n thi i hc nm 2011-2012 CHUYN : CU TO NGUYN T DNG 1: THNH PHN CU TO NN NGUYN T. A. KIN THC C BN CN NH: 1. Khi lng , kch thc ca cc ht to nn nguyn t: + Khi lng: m nt = m p + m n + m e m p + m n ( v m e qu nh nn b qua) 1 n v khi lng l u (vC): 1u = m C = 1,6605 . 10 27 Kg ( m C = 19,9265.10 27 kg 12 + Kch thc: n v nm( nanomet) 1nm = 10 9 m; 1A o = 10 10 m => 1nm = 10A o . d NT = 10000d HN 2. Cu to nguyn t: V: e( -) NT P(+) HN n(0) + t T = p + n + e = 2p + e ( v p = e) T T 1 P + nu Z 82 v khc 1 H => (1) 3,5 3 B. BI TP: Phn 1: Trc nghim. Cu 1: Mt ion M3+ c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l A. [Ar]3d54s1. B. [Ar]3d64s2.* C. [Ar]3d64s1. D. [Ar]3d34s2. Hng dn: 2Z + N = 79 + 3 = 82 v 2Z N = 19 + 3 = 22 Z = 26 Cu 2: Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l: A. HBr, CO2, CH4. B. Cl2, CO2, C2H2.* C. NH3, Br2, C2H4. D. HCl, C2H2, Br2. Cu 3:Cc kim loi X, Y, Z c cu hnh electron nguyn t ln lt l: 1s22s22p63s1; 1s22s22p63s2; 1s22s22p63s23p1. Dy gm cc kim loi xp theo chiu tng dn tnh kh t tri sang phi l: A. Z, Y, X*. B. Y, Z, X. C. Z, X, Y. D. X, Y, Z. Cu 4:Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52 v c s khi l 35. S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t X l A. 17*. B. 15. C. 23. D. 18. Hng dn: 2Z + N = 52 v Z + N = 35 Z = 17 Cu 5:Trong hp cht ion XY (X l kim loi, Y l phi kim), s electron ca cation bng s electron ca anion v tng s electron trong XY l 20. Bit trong mi hp cht, Y ch c mt mc oxi ha duy nht. Cng thc XY l A. NaF. B. AlN. C. MgO. D. LiF. 2 2 6 Hng dn: s e v: 1s 2s 2p mi ion c 10e Tha mn ch c NaF v O c th c ha tr khc H2O2 Cu 6:Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. S ht mang in ca mt nguyn t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca mt nguyn t X l 8 ht. Cc nguyn t X v Y ln lt l A. Al v P. B. Fe v Cl. C. Al v Cl*. D. Na v Cl. 6 1 Hng dn: Trong X: 2p v 3p Z = 13 Al S ht mang in: 26 Trong Y l 34 Z = 17 Cu 7:Trong t nhin, nguyn t ng c hai ng v l
63 29

v NT trung ha v in => p = e

Cu

v
65 29

65 29

Cu

. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng l D. 27%. 1

63,54. Thnh phn phn trm tng s nguyn t ca ng v A. 73%*. B. 54%. Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X

Cu

l C. 50.

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi i hc nm 2011-2012 63 64 Hng dn: Gi x l s mol Cu c trong 1 mol hn hp Cu l (1 x) 63x + 65(1 x) = 63,54 x = 0,73 C th dng cng thc ng cho Cu 8: Dy gm cc ion X+, Y- v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6 l: A. K+, Cl-, Ar. B. Na+, F-, Ne*. C. Na+, Cl-, Ar. D. Li+, F-, Ne. 2+ Cu 9: Anion X v cation Y u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l -3s23p6. V tr ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l: A. X c s th t 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA ;Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA * B. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIA; Y c s th t 20, chu k 3, nhm IIA C. X c s th t 17, chu k 4, nhm VIIA; Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA D. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIA; Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA Cu 10:Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X thuc. A. chu k 3, nhm VIB. B. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB*.C. chu k 4, nhm IIA. D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. Cu 11:Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron mc nng lng cao nht l 3p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y cng c electron mc nng lng 3p v c mt electron lp ngoi cng. Nguyn t X v Y c s electron hn km nhau l 2. Nguyn t X, Y ln lt l A. kh him v kim loi. B. kim loi v kim loi.C. phi kim v kim loi*. D. kim loi v kh him. Hng dn: Trong Y c 3p64s1 Kim loi kim Trong X l 3p5 Phi kim halozen Cu 12:Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VIII), theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th. A. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn. B. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn. C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn. D. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn*. Cu 13: Cho cc nguyn t 11M , 17X , 9Y v 19R m in ca cc nguyn t tng dn theo th t. A. R < M < X < Y*. B. M < X < R < Y. C. Y < M < X < R. D. M < X < Y < R. Cu 14: Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c xp theo th t tng dn t tri sang phi l A. F, Li, O, Na. B. F, Na, O, Li. C. Li, Na, O, F. D. F, O, Li, Na.* Cu 15: Cho cc nguyn t: 19K , 7N, 14Si , 12Mg . Dy gm cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l: A. K, Mg, N, Si. B. Mg, K, Si, N. C. K, Mg, Si, N*. D. N, Si, Mg, K. Cu 16: Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l: A. P, N, O, F.* B. P, N, F, O. C. N, P, F, O. D. N, P, O, F. Cu 17: Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH3. Trong oxit m R c ho tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l A. As. B. S. C. N.* D. P. Hng dn: R nhm VA Oxit : R2O5 Cu 18: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np4. Trong hp cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l A. 40,00%. B. 50,00%. C. 27,27%. D. 60,00%. Hng dn: R nhm VIA Hp cht H : H2R Cu 19: Hp cht trong phn t c lin kt ion l A. NH4Cl.* B. HCl. C. NH3. D. H2O. Cu 20: Dy gm cc cht trong phn t ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc l: A. HCl, O3, H2S. B. H2O, HF, H2S*. C. O2, H2O, NH3. D. HF, Cl2, H2O. Cu 21: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p64s1, nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p5. Lin kt ho hc gia nguyn t X v nguyn t Y thuc loi lin kt. A. cho nhn. B. kim loi. C. cng ho tr. D. ion*. Cu 22: Pht biu no sau y l ng ? Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 2
R = 0,9412 R = 32 Oxit cao nht RO3 % R +2 5.16 = 0,7407 R = 14 l N 2R + 5.16

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi i hc nm 2011-2012 A. th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th phn t. B. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t*. C. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th phn t. D. Nc thuc loi tinh th nguyn t. + Cu 23: Khi so snh NH3 vi NH4 , pht biu khng ng l: A. Trong NH3 v NH4+, nit u c s oxi ha -3. B. NH3 c tnh baz, NH4+ c tnh axit. C. Trong NH3 v NH4+, nit u c cng ha tr 3. * D. Phn t NH3 v ion NH4+ u cha lin kt cng ha tr. Cu 2: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu2+ v Cr3+ ln lt l : A. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d3 *. B. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d14s2. C. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d14s2. D. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d3. Cu 25Pht biu no sau y l sai? A. Tinh th nc , tinh th iot u thuc loi tinh th phn t. B. Trong tinh th NaCl, xung quanh mi ion u c 6 ion ngc du gn nht. C. Tt c cc tinh th phn t u kh nng chy v kh bay hi.* D. Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ha tr. 37 35 Cu 26 Trong t nhin clo c hai ng v bn: 17 Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn t, cn li l 17 Cl . Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca A. 8,92% *
37 17

Cl trong HClO4 l: B. 8,43%

C. 8,56%

D. 8,79%
37 .0,2423 1 + 35 ,4846 +16 .4

Hng dn: M = 37.0,2423 + 35.0,7577 = 35,4846 % 37 Cl =

= 8,92%

Cu 27 Mc phn cc ca lin kt ho hc trong cc phn t c sp xp theo th t gim dn t tri sang phi l: A. HBr, HI, HCl B. HI, HBr, HCl C. HCl , HBr, HI * D. HI, HCl , HBr Phn 2: T Lun. Bi1: Vit cu hnh e ca 26Fe, 29Cu , 35Br , 20Ca , 16S , Fe2+, Fe3+ , Cu2+, Br-. Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng h thng tun hon .Nu tnh cht ho hc c trng ca Fe, Cu, Ca, S, Br2, v vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho Bi 2: Cation R+ c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l 3p6 -Vit cu hnh e v xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng h thng tun hon. -Anion X- c cu hnh e ging R+ vit cu hnh e ca X. Bi 3: Cho 3 ngyn t A, M, X c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l ns1, ns2np1,ns2np5. -Da vo cu hnh e hy xc nh v tr ca A, M,X trong bng HTTH bit n = 3 -Vit phng trnh phn ng gia cc cht trn vi H2O, dung dch NaOH, dung dch AlBr3 Bi 4: A v B l 2 nguyn t thuc hai chu k k tip nhau trong cng mt phn nhm chnh ca bng HTTH. Tng s ht prton trong ht nhn nguyn t ca A v B l 32. -Vit cu hnh e ca A v B v xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng h thng tun hon. Hng dn: ZB = ZA + 8 2ZA = 32 8 ZA = 12 v ZB = 20 Bi 5: A v B l hai nguyn t thuc hai phn nhm chnh k tip nhau, B nhm V, trng thi n cht , A v B phn ng vi nhau. Tng s ht proton trong ht nhn nguyn t ca A v B l 23. Vit cu hnh e ca A v B. Xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng HTTH -Vit 5 phng trnh phn ng iu ch trc tip A t cc cht khc nhau. Hng dn: ZA + ZB = 23 ZB= ZA 1 ZA = 10 hoc11 loi Chn ZB = 7 hoc 15 ZA = 16 hoc 8 v A tc dng vi B P v O Bi 6: Trong cc ng v sau y ca M th ng v no tha mn iu kin: S proton : sntron =13: 15 . (55M, 56M , 57M, 58M ). -Vit phng trnh phn ng ca M vi Cl2 , MCl3 , H2SO4, v cho MO tc dng vi HNO3 c, KMnO4 trong H2SO4 long, CO nhit cao. Hng dn: Z + N = (13 + 15)n= 28n n = 2 56M Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 3

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi i hc nm 2011-2012 Bi 7:Hp cht A c cng thc M2X. Tng s ht trong mt phn t A l 140, trong ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 44, s khi ca M+ ln hn s khi ca X2- l 23. Tng s ht trong M+ ln hn X2- l 31 -Vit cu hnh e ca M, M+, X, X2- v xc nh v tr ca M, X trong bng HTTH. -Vit phng trnh phn ng ca M vi H2O, dung dch NaOH , dd CuCl2 dd NH4NO3, dd AlCl3 Hng dn: 2(ZM + NM) + ZX + NX = 140 (1) 2ZM + ZX + 2NM NX = 44 (2) ZM + NM - ZX - NX = 23 (3) 2ZM + NM 1 = ZX + NX + 2 + 31 (4) Bi 8: (H Quc Gia TPHCM 2001) Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in ca A l 8. xc nh A v B Hng dn: A c cu hnh 3p1 A l Al Vi 2ZB NB = 8 16 > ZB 8 ZB = 8 Bi 9: (H Hu 2001) Cho 2 nguyn t A v B c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 11 va13 Vit cu hnh e v cho bit v tr ca chng trong bng h thng tun hon A c kh nng to ra ion A+ , B to ion B3+. Hy so snh bn knh ca A v A+ , B v B3+ gii thch. Bi 10: (H Cn Th 2001) Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht mang in l 34, trong ht khng mang in gp 1,833 ln s ht khng mang in. Xc nh R v v tr R trong bng HTTH. Bi 11: (H Xy Dng 2001) Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in la 22 . Xc nh s hiu nguyn t , s khi v tn nguyn t . Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t X v cc ion to thnh t X. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ca X tc dng ln lt vi Fe2(SO4)3, HNO3 c nng. Bi 12: (HSPKT TPHCM 2001) Cation X3+ v anion Y2- u c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Xc nh v tr ca X,Y trong bng HTTH. Bi 13: (H TCKT H Ni 2001) Cho Fe c s hiu nguyn t l 26 Khng dng bng HTTH hy xc nh v tr ca Fe trong bng. Cho bit s oxi ho c th c ca Fe Bi 14:( CSP Bn Tre 2003) Mt kim loi M c s khi l 54. Tng s ht trong ion M2+ l 78 Xc nh s th t ca M trong bng HTTH v cho bit M l nguyn t no trong cc nguyn t sau y: 5424Cr, 54 54 54 25Mn, 26Fe, 27Co Bi 15: (H khi B 2003) Tng s ht p v n ,e trong hai nguyn t kim loi A, B l 142. Trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca nguyn t B nhiu hn nguyn t A l 12. Xc nh 2 kim loi A, B Bit 11Na , 12Mg , 20Ca , 30Zn , 26Fe Bi 16: Hp cht X to bi hai nguyn t A, B c khi lng phn t l 76. A, B c s oxi ho cao nht l +a, +b v c s oxi ho m l -x, -y tho mn iu kin; a = x, b = 3y. XCTPH ca X bit rng trong X th A c s oxi ho l +a . Bi 17: (H QG H Ni 2001) Hp cht Z c to bi hai nguyn t M, R c cng thc MaRb trong R chim 6,667% v khi lng. Trong ht nhn nguyn t M c n = p + 4, trong ht nhn nguyn t R c n , = p, .Bit rng tng s ht trong phn t Z bng 84, v a + b = 4. Tm cng thc phn t ca Z. Bi 18: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t l RAB3 trong R chim 40% v khi lng. Trong ht nhn ca R, A,B u c s proton bng s ntron . Tng s proton trong phn t X l 50, B l phi kim. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X Hng dn: MX= 50.2 = 100 MR = 40 ZR= 20 ZA + 3ZB = 30 7,5 < ZB < 10 Chn ZB = 8 ZA = 6 CaCO3 Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 4

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi i hc nm 2011-2012 2 Bi 19: Tng s e trong anion AB 3 l 42, B l phi kim, trong ht nhn ca A, B u c s ht proton bng s ntron. Vit cu hnh e ca A,B v tnh s khi ca A, B. Hng dn: ZA + 3 ZB = 42 2 ZB < 10 Chn ZB= 8 ZA= 16 Bi 20: Mt nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X ha hc c Z = 12,8.10-19C, vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t v cho bit v tr ca X trong bng HTTH, tnh cht ho hc c trng ca X l g? Vit phng btrinhf phn ng minh ho. Hng dn: Z = 1,6 = 8 Vit cu hnh v cc yu cu Bi 21:Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t A c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 48, trong s ht mang in gp hai ln s ht khng mang in. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t A. Xc nh v tr ca A trong bng h thng tun hon. Bi 22:Cho 3 nguyn t A, B, D (ZA < ZB < ZC). - A, B cng mt phn nhm chnh v 2 chu k kin tip trong bng tun hon. - B, D l 2 nguyn t k cn nhau trong 1 chu k. - Tng s proton trong 2 ht nhn A, B l 24. Xc nh A, B, D v v tr ca A, B, D trong bng h thng tun hon. Bi 23:Mt hp cht cu to t cation M+ v anion X2-. Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht p, n, e l 140. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca ion M+ ln hn s khi ca ion X2- l 23. Tng s ht trong ion M+ nhiu hn trong ion X2- l 31. a)Vit cu hnh electron cc ion M+ v X2-. b)Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng tun tun hon. Bi 24:Hp cht A c to thnh t cation X+ v anion Y-. Phn t A cha 9 nguyn t, gm 3 nguyn t phikim. T l s nguyn t ca mi nguyn t l 2:3:4. Tng s proton trong A l 42 v trong ion Y- cha 2 nguyn t cng chu k, thuc hai phn nhn chnh lin tip. Xc nh cng thc ho hc v gi tn A. Bi 25:Hp cht A c cng thc phn t M2X. Tng s ht trong A l 116, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 36. Khi lng nguyn t X ln hn M l 9. Tng s 3 loi ht trong X2- nhiu hn trong M+ l 17. a) Xc nh M, X. b) Cho 2,34g hp cht A tc dng vi dd M(NO3)2 thu 2,8662g kt ta B. Xc nh nguyn t lng M. Nguyn t M c 2 ng v Y, Z. Bit tng s khi l 128, s nguyn t ca ng v Y bng 0,37 s nguyn t ca ng v Z. Xc nh s khi ca Y, Z. Bi 26:Mt hp cht A c cng thc MX2, trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. M l mt kim loi, X l phi kim chu k 3. Trong ht nhn M c n - p=4, trong ht nhn ca X c n=p. Tng s proton trong MX2 l 58. Hy xc nh M,X v v tr ca chng trong bng h thng tun hon. Bi 27:Hp cht A to thnh t cation R+ v anion Q2-. Mi ion u do 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t to nn. Tng s proton trong R+ l 11, tng s electron trong Q2- l 50. Xc nh cng thc phn t v gi tn A, bit hai nguyn t trong Q2- thuc cng mt phn nhm, hai chu k lin tip. Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 5
1 , 2 8

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi i hc nm 2011-2012 Bi 28:Khi lng phn t ca 3 kim loi A, B, C (u c ho tr II) lp thnh cp s cng c cng sai l 16. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca 3 ht nhn nguyn t 3 nguyn t A, B, C l 120. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ba mui cacbonat ca ba kim loi trn. Vit phng Bi 29:Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca hai nguyn t M v X ln lt bng 82 v 52. M v X to thnh hp cht MXa, trong phn t c tng s proton bng 77. Xc nh M, X v cng thc phn t ca MXa. Bi 30:Hai nguyn t A, B to thnh hp cht X. Khi t nng n 800oC, hp cht X to ra n cht A. S electron ho tr trong nguyn t nguyn t A bng s lp electron nguyn t nguyn t B. S electron ho tr trong nguyn t nguyn t B bng s lp electron nguyn t nguyn t A, in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca B gp 7 ln ca A. Xc nh A, B v cng thc phn t hp cht X. Bi 31:X, Y, R, A, B theo th t l 5 nguyn t lin tip trong bng h thng tun hon. Tng in tch ht nhn l 90 (X c s in tch ht nhn nh nht). a. Xc nh X, Y, R, A, B. b.Vit cu hnh electron X2-, Y-, R, A+, B2+. So snh bn knh ca chng v gii thch. Bi 32: Ba nguyn t X, Y, Z trong cng mt chu k c tng s hiu nguyn t l 39. S hiu nguyn t ca Y bng trung bnh cng s hiu nguyn t ca X v Z. Nguyn t ca ba nguyn t trn hu nh khng phn ng vi nc nhit thng. a. Xc nh v tr ca cc nguyn t trn trong bng h thng tun hon, tnh cht c bn v gi tn tng nguyn t. b.So snh m in, bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t . Bi 33:a. Tm hai nguyn t A, B hai chu k lin tip nhau c tng s in tch ht nhn nguyn t bng 23. b. Bit A, B hai phn nhm chnh lin tip, rt d tc dng vi nhau to thnh hp cht X. Xc nh nguyn t lng A, B (B c nguyn t lng ln hn A). Bi 34:A v B l 2 nguyn t nm trong 2 phn nhm chnh lin tip, c tng s ht proton l 25. A thuc nhm VI, n cht A khng tc dng c vi n cht B nhit thng. a.Vit cu hnh electron ca A, B. b.Xc nh v tr v tnh cht c bn ca A, B trong bng h thng tun hon. c.Cho bit cc hp cht c to ra t A, B; cc hp cht c to ra t A, B v hidro. Bi 35:Hp cht Z c to bi 2 nguyn t M v R c cng thc l MaRb. Trong R chim 6,67% v khi lng. Trong ht nhn nguyn t M c s ht ntron bng s ht proton cng thm 4, cn trong ht nhn nguyn t R c s proton bng s ntron. Tng s ht proton trong phn t ca Z l 84 v a + b = 4. Xc nh M, R v cng thc phn t hp cht Z. Bi 36:Phn t X cu to t cc ion u c cu hnh electron ca nguyn t kh him Ar. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong phn t l 164. Xc nh X. Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 6

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi i hc nm 2011-2012 Bi 37: Bit tng s ht c bn ca mt nguyn t ca nguyn t ca nguyn t X trong 82 nguyn t u bng tun hon l: Z + N + E = a. Hy trnh by phng php bin lun xc nh nguyn t X. Hy xc nh nguyn t X bit: a) a = 13 b) a = 21 c) a = 34 Bi 38: X v Y l hai nguyn t nm k tip nhau trong mt phn nhm chnh ca bng h thng tun hon ( dng ngn ). Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn ca chng bng 58. a) Hy vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t X v Y b) T hy xc nh v tr ca X v Y trong bng tun hon. Bi 39: A v B l 2 nguyn t nm trong hai phn nhm chnh k tip nhau trong bng tun hon (dng ngn ). Bit A thuc nhm VI v tng s ht proton trong hai ht nhn ca A v B l 25, n cht A tc dng c vi n cht B a) Hy vit cu hnh electron ca A v B b) Xc nh v tr ca A v B trong bng tun hon. Bi 40: Mt hp cht ion cu to t ion M2+ v ion X-. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong phn t MX2 l 186 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 54 ht. S khi ca ion M2+ nhiu hn trong X l 21. Tng s ht proton, notron, electron trong M2+ nhiu hn trong X l 27 ht. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion M2+, X-. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng tun hon. Bi 41: Hp cht M c to nn t cation X+ v anion Y3 - , mi ion u do 5 nguyn t ca hai nguyn t phi kim to nn. Bit tng s proton trong X+ l 11 v trong Y 3 l 47. Hai nguyn t trong Y 3 thuc 2 chu k k tip nhau trong bng h thng tun hon v c s th t cch nhau 7 n v. a) Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca M. b) M t bn cht cc kin kt trong phn t M. Bi 42: Mt nguyn t R c 3 ng v X, Y ,Z ; bit tng s cc ht c bn ( n, p, e ) trong 3 ng v bng 129, s ntron ng v X hn ng v Y mt ht. ng v Z c s proton bng s ntron. a) Xc nh in tch ht nhn nguyn t v khi lng ca 3 ng v X, Y, Z b) Bit 752,875 . 1020 nguyn t R c khi lng m-gam. T l nguyn t cc ng v nh sau: Z : Y= 2769 : 141 v Y : X = 611 : 390. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca R v tnh m. Bi 43: C 3 nguyn t A, B, C vi ZA < ZB < ZC ( Z l in tch ht nhn). Bit:Tch ZA.ZB.ZC = 952 T s ( ZA + ZC ) / ZB = 3 Nguyn t C c electron cui cng ng vi b 4 s lng t: n = 3, l = 1, m = 0, mS = - a) Vit cu hnh electron ca C. Xc nh v tr ca C trong bng h thng tun hon t suy ra nguyn t C b) Tnh ZA, ZB. Suy ra nguyn t A, B c) Xc nh trng thi vt l ca hp cht vi Hir ca A, B, C. gii thch s khc nhau gia cc trng thi ny. d) Hp cht X to bi 3 nguyn t A, B , C c cng thc ABC. Vit cng thc cu to ca X v gi tn X. Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 7

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi i hc nm 2011-2012 e) trng thi lng, X c tnh dn in. Cho bit X c hnh thnh bng lin kt g? Bi 44: a) Trong mt nguyn t trung ho in c 6 electron, khi lng nguyn t bng 12 vC. Tnh s proton, ntron trong nguyn t . b)Trong mt nguyn t, tng s ht mang in l 26, khi lng ht nhn l 27 vC. Tnh s proton, ntron, v khi lng ca nguyn t . Bi 45: Mt nguyn t khi mt bt electron bin thnh ion dng. Khi nhn thm electron bin thnh ion m. Tri tuyt i ca in tch ion bng ng s electron m nguyn t mt i hay nhn thm. Cho hai ion R4+ v R4. S ntron trong hai ion ny u bng 14. s electron trong ion R4+ bng 10. Hy vit k hiu ht nhn ca hai ion . Tnh s electron trong nguyn t trung ho in R v trong ion R4. Bi 46: Mt nguyn t k hiu l R c tng s cc ht proton, ntron, electron bng 24. a) Vit k hiu ht nhn ca nguyn t v gi tn nguyn t , b) Vit cu hnh electrpn ca nguyn t v ca ion R2 . c) Cho bit trong nguyn t c bao nhiu obital c electron chim gi. Bi 47: Cho hai nguyn t A v A c s khi ln lt bng 79 v 81. Hiu s gia s ntron v s electron trong nguyn t A l 9 cn trong nguyn t B l 11 a) Cho bit A v A c phi l ng v vi nhau hay khng? b) Nu trn ln hai loi nguyn t A v A theo t l l: .th tp hp cc nguyn t thu c c khi lng nguyn t trung bnh bng bao nhiu? c) Tp hp cc nguyn t c phi l mt nguyn t ho hc hay khng. Nu l mt nguyn t th nguyn t chim v tr no trong bng HTTH? Bi 48: Cho hp cht c dng MX , M l kim loi X l phi kim . Tng p , n , e trong MX l 96. Trong tng ht mang in ln hn tng s ht khng mang in l 16 . Tng s ht trong X ln hn tng s ht trong M l 18. Tng s ht trong ht nhn X ln hn tng s ht trong ht nhn M l. 1. Xc nh s th t ca X , M .Gi tn MX 2. Vit phng trnh iu ch MX. Bi 49: C 5 nguyn t A , B , C , D , E lin tip nhau trong bng tun hon nguyn t (c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca s th t bit rng tng s hiu nguyn t ca chng l 90 . Xc nh nguyn t . Bi 50: C 2 nguyn t X , Y m s th t ca X > Y s pX > pY 8 ht. Mt khc tng p , n , e ca X l 54 trong tng s ht mang in ln hn ht khng mang in 1,7 ln . Hy gi tn X , Y Bi 51: Cho hp cht MX3 trong M l kim loi v X l phi kim. Phn t MX3 c tng s p, n , e l 196 trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. S ht mang in trong M nh hn s ht trong X l 8. 1. Xc nh s th t ca M v X . Gi tn MX3 2. Vit mt s phng trnh iu ch MX3 Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 8

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi i hc nm 2011-2012 Bi 52: C 2 nguyn t A ,B nm hai nhm lin tip c tng proton trong ht nhn l 25 m trong zA < zB thuc nhm VI A 1. Gi tn A v B 2. Vit cng thc cc xit cha ng thi Hydr A v B Bi 53: C 2 nguyn t A v B bit hiu s v s proton trong ht nhn bng 6. Tng s proton v s notron ca A v B l 92 . Xc nh s th t z ca A , B m zA > zB 1. Gi tn A, B 2. Nu r v tr ca A , B trn bng h thng tun hon v nu ln tnh cht ging v khc nhau v cu to v. Bi 54: Tnh t s khi lng nguyn t c x proton, y notron v x electron vi khi lng ht nhn ca nguyn t . Rt ra kt lun . Bi 55: C 3 nguyn t A , B , C cng trong phn nhm chnh A v c 3 nguyn t ny u thuc 3 chu k lin tip. Tng ht p ca A , B , C bng 70. Gi tn cc nguyn t A , B , C. Bi 56: Cho ion m AB32- c tng e bng 32 trong A cng nh B c s p bng s n . Gi tn cc nguyn t A , B . Gii thch s hnh thnh ion A v B

Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X

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