(VNMATH - COM) - Chuyen de Hinh Hoc Lop 10

CHUYN BI TP HNH HC LP 10 ( c s dng ti liu t cc ngun khc).
BIN SON : TRN MAI SANG 1

CHNG I - I CNG V VCT

A: TOM TAT LY THUYET

- Vect la oan thang co dnh hng Ky hieu : AB; CD hoac a ; b
- Vect khong la vect co iem au trung iem cuoi : Ky hieu 0
- Hai vect cung phng la hai vect co gia song song hoac trung nhau
- Hai vect cung phng th hoac cung hng hoac ngc hng
- Hai vect bang nhau neu chung cung hng va cung o dai

TNG V HIU HAI VECT
- nh ngha: Cho AB a = ; BC b = . Khi o AC a b = +
- Tnh chat : * Giao hoan : a b + = b a +
* Ket hp ( a b + ) +c = ( a b + +c )
* Tn h chat vect khong a +0=a
- Quy tac 3 iem : Cho A, B ,C tuy y, ta co : AB+ BC = AC
- Quy tac hnh bnh hanh . Neu ABCD la hnh bnh hanh th AB+ AD = AC
- Quy tac ve hieu vec t : Cho O , B ,C tuy y ta co : CB OC OB =

TCH CA VECT VI MT S
- Cho keR , ka la 1 vect c xac nh:
* Neu k > 0 th k a cung hng vi a ; k < 0 th k a ngc hng vi a
* o dai vect ka bang k . a
- Tnh chat :
a) k(ma ) = (km) a
b) (k + m) a = k a + ma
c) k( a + b) = ka + kb
d) k a = 0 k = 0 hoac a = 0
- b cung phng a ( a =0) khi va ch khi co so k thoa b =ka
- ieu kien can va u e A , B , C thang hang la co so k sao cho AB =k AC
- Cho b khong cungphng a , x luon c bieu dien x = ma + nb ( m, n duy nhat )

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I - CC BI TP LIN QUAN N VCT

1) Rt gn cc biu thc sau:
a)OM ON + AD + MD + EK EP MD
AB MN CB PQ CA NM + + + +
2) Chng minh rng
a) AB + CD= AD+ CB
b) AC + BD= AD+ BC
c) AB + CD+ EA= ED+ CB
d) AD+ BE+ CF = AE + BF + CD = AE + BD+ CE
e) AB + CD+ EF + GA= CB+ ED+ GF
3) Chohnh bnh hnh ABCD tm O.
CMR : AO BO CO DO O + + + = , Vi I bt k 4 IA IB IC ID IO + + + =
4) Cho tam gic C a im MN v P n t trung im C C CMR:
MN BP = ; MA PN = .
5) Cho t giac ABCD, goi M, N, P, Q lan lt la trung iem AB, BC, CD, DA.
Chng minh : ; MN QP NP MQ = =
6) Cho tam giac ABC co trc tam H va O tam la ng tron ngoai tiep . Goi B la iem oi xng
B qua O . Chng minh : C B AH ' = .
7) Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD . Dng BC PQ DC NP DA MN BA AM = = = = , , , .
Chng minh O AQ =
8) Cho 4 im bt MNPQ Chng minh cc ng thc sau:
a. PQ NP MN MQ + + = ; c) NP MN QP MQ + = + ;
b. MN PQ MQ PN + = + ;
9) Cho ng gic C Chng minh rng:
a. 0 AD BA BC ED EC + + = ;
b. AD BC EC BD AE + =
10) Cho 6 im M N P Q R S Chng minh:
a) PN MQ PQ MN + = + . b) RQ NP MS RS NQ MP + + = + + .
11) Cho 7 iem A ; B ; C ; D ; E ; F ; G . Chng minh rang :
a. AB + CD + EA = CB + ED
b. AD + BE + CF = AE + BF + CD
c. AB + CD + EF + GA = CB + ED + GF
d. AB - AF + CD - CB + EF - ED = 0
12) Cho hnh bnh hnh C c tm O CMR: 0 OA OB OC OD + + + = .
thc trung im Cho 2 im v
13) Cho M trung im CMR vi im bt : 2 IA IB IM + = .
14) Vi N sao cho 2 NA NB = CMR vi bt : 2 3 IA IB IN + =
15) Vi P sao cho 3 PA PB = CMR vi bt : 3 2 IA IB IP =
16) thc trng tm Cho tam gic C c trng tm :
CMR: 0 GA GB GC + + = Vi bt : 3 IA IB IC IG + + = .
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M thuc on v M
1
4
GA . CMR 2 0 MA MB MC + + =
17) thc hnh bnh hnh Cho hnh bnh hnh C tm O CMR:
a) 0 OA OB OC OD + + + = ;
b vi bt : 4 IA IB IC ID IO + + + = .
18) Gi G l trng tm tam gic C chng minh rng :
a) 0 GA GB GC + + = b)
( )
1
3
AG AB AC = +
19) Gi n t trng tm ca tam gic ABC v C
aChng minh rng : AA' ' ' 3 ' BB CC GG + + =
b)Gi M,N,P l cc im tho:
1 1 1
, ,
3 3 3
MA MB NB NC PC PA = = =
Chng minh rng cc tam gic ABC v tam gic MNP c cng trng tm

20) Cho hnh bnh hnh C v mt im M ty Chng minh rng :
MA MC MB MD + = +
21) Cho hai hnh bnh hnh ABCD v ABEF. Dng cc vect EH v FG bng Chng minh rng
CDGH l hnh bnh hnh
22) Cho tam gic ABC ni tip trong ng trn O trc tm ca tam gic
a)Gi D l im i xng ca A qua tm O Chng minh rng C
b)Gi K l trung im ca AH v I l trung im ca Cchng minh
OK = IH
23) Cho hnh bnh hnh C i v F n t trung im ca hai cnh v C ng cho
B n t ct F v C ti M v N chng minh rng :
DM = MN = NB
24) Gi G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC. Dng AD = GC v DE = GB
Chng minh rng 0
25) T im nm ngoi ng trn O ta 2 tip tuyn v C vi O i giao im ca
O v CTrn ng trung trc ca on y 1 im MT M tip tuyn M vi O Chng
minh rng : |MA| = | MF |

26) Cho tam gic C n ngoi ca tam gic ta v cc hnh bnh hnh J CPQ CRS Chng
minh rng : 0 RJ IQ PS + + =
27) Cho tam gic C c trung tuyn MTrn cnh C y hai im v F sao cho F FC
i N giao im ca M v Tnh tng AF AE AN MN + + +
28) Cho hnh bnh hnh CTrn ng cho C y im OQua O cc ng thng song song
vi cc cnh ca hnh bnh hnh ct v C ti M v N ct v C ti v F Chng minh
rng :
a) OA OC OB OD + = +
b) BD ME FN = +
29) Cho tam gic u ni tip ng trn tm O
ay xc nh cc im M N P sao cho:
OM = OA + OB ; ON = OB + OC ; OP = OC + OA
b)Chng minh rng OA + OB + OC = 0
30) Cho tam gic ABC. Gi im i xng vi qua ; im i xng vi C qua ;C
im i xng vi A qua C . Chng minh rng vi mt im O bt k ta c :
' ' ' OA OB OC OA OB OC + + = + +
31) Cho n im trn mt phng n An k hiu chng l A
1
, A
2

n
. Bn Bnh k hiu chng l B
1
,
B
2

n
.
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32) Chng minh rng : A
1
B
1
+ A
2
B
2
+...+ A
n
B
n
= 0

33) Cho ngu giac eu ABCDE tam O Chng minh :
O OE OD OC OB OA = + + + +
34) Cho luc giac eu ABCDEF co tam la O . CMR :
a) OA+OB+OC+OD+OE +OF=0
b) OA+OC+OE = 0
c) AB+AO+AF =AD
d) MA+MC+ME = MB+MD+MF ( M tuy y ).

35) Cho tam giac ABC ; ve ben ngoai cac hnh bnh hanh ABIF ; BCPQ ; CARS
Chng minh rang : RF + IQ + PS =0
36) cho t gic C i J n t trung im C v i trung im J CMR:
0 EA EB EC ED + + + = .
37) Cho tam gic C vi M N P trung im C C CMR:
a) 0 AN BP CM + + = ; b) AN AM AP = + ;
c) 0 AM BN CP + + = .
38) Cho hnh thang C y n C y nh gi trung im CMR:
EA EB EC ED DA BC + + + = + .

39) Cho 6 im A, B, C, D, E, F. CMR : (bng nhiu cch khc nhau)
a) AB CD AD CB + = + b) AB CD AC DB = + c) AD BE CF AE BF CD + + = + +
40) Cho tam gic ABC vi M, N, P l trung im cc cnh AB, BC, CA. Chng minh rng :
a) AN BP CM O + + = b) AN AM AP = + c) AM BN CP O + + =
41) Cho hai im A, B. Cho M l trung im A, B. Chng minh rng vi im I bt k ta c :
2 IA IB IM + = .
42) Vi im N sao cho 2 NA NB = . CMR vi I bt k : 2 3 IA IB IN + =
43) Vi im P sao cho 3 PA PB = . CMR vi I bt ki : 3 2 IA IB IP = .Tng qut tnh cht trn.
44) Cho tam gic ABC v G l trng tm ca tam gic.Chng minh rng AG BG CG O + + = . Vi I bt k
ta c : 3 IA IB IC IG + + = .
M thuc on AG v
1
4
MG GA = . CMR : 2MA MB MC O + + = . Vi I bki
2 4 IA IB IC IM + + = .
45) Cho t gic ABCD. Gi M, N ca AB v CD . CMR :
a) 2 AD BC MN + = b) 2 AC BD MN + =
c) Tm v tr im I sao cho IA IB IC ID O + + + =
d) Vi M bt k, CMR : 4 MA MB MC MD MI + + + =
46) (Khi nim trng tm ca h n im v tm t c ca h n im) Cho n im
1 2
, ,...,
n
A A A .
Gi G l im tho mn
1 2
...
n
GA GA GA O + + + = . CMR vi bki M :
1 2
...
n
MA MA MA nMG + + + = .
Gi I l im tho mn
1 1 2 2
...
n n
n IA n GA n GA O + + + = . CMR vi M bt k :

1 1 2 2 1
... ( .. )
n n n
n MA n MA n MA n n MG + + + = + +
47) Cho lc gic u ABCDEF. CMR hai tam gic ACE v BDF cng trng tm.
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48) Cho lc gic ABCDEF. Gi M, N, P, Q, R, S ln lt l trung im ca AB, CD, EF, BC, DE, FA.
CMR hai tam gic MNP v QRS cng trng tm.
49) Cho hai tam gic ABC v A
l cc im thuc BC, CA, AB sao cho :

' ' ' ' ' '
, , AB kAC BC kB A CA kCB = = = v 1 k = . CMR hai tam gic ABC v A
cng
trng tm.
50) Cho t gic li ABCD. Gi M, N , P, Q l trung im AB, BC, CD, DA. CMR hai tam gic ANP v
CMQ cng trng tm.
(Mt s ng thc v trc tm, trng tm, tm ng trn ngoi tip, tm ng trn ni
tip)
51) Cho tam gic ABC, G, H, O, I l trng tm, trc tm, tm ng trn ngoi tip v tm ng trn
ni tip.
a) 3OG OA OB OC = + + b) OH OA OB OC = + + c) 2HO HA HB HC = + +
d) aIA bIB cIC O + + = e) A tan Tan HA TanBHB CHC O + + =
f) Gi M l im bt k nm trong tam gic ABC. CMR :
BCM ACM ABM
S IA S IB S IC O + + = (M nm
ngoi th khng cn ng).
52) (Nhn mnh bi ton v m rng ra nhiu trng hp). Cho tam gic ABC. Gi M l trung im AB
v N l mt im trn cnh AC sao cho NC = 2NA. Gi K l trung im MN.
a) CMR :
1 1
4 6
AK AB AC = + . b) D l trung im BC. CMR :
1 1
4 3
KD AB AC = +
53) Cho tam gic ABC
aXc nh im I sao cho : 2 0 IA IB + =
bXc nh im K sao cho : 2 KA KB CB + =
Cho tam gic ABC
a)Tm im M tho mn : 0 AM MB MC + =
b)Tm im N tho mn : BN AN NC BD = + +
c)Tm im K tho mn : 0 BK BA KA CK + + + =
d)Tm im M tho mn : 2 0 MA MB MC + =
e)Tm im N tho mn : 2 0 NA NB NC + + =
f)Tm im P tho mn : 2 0 PA PB PC + =
54) Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Tm im M tho mn:
4AM AB AC AD = + +
55) Cho lc gic ABCDEF .Tm im O tho mn :
OF 0 OA OB OC OD OE + + + + + =
56) Cho ABC A . Tm M sao cho
a/ 2 3 0 MA MB MC + + =
b/ 2 4 0 MA MB MC + =

57) Cho t gic C Tm M sao cho
a/ 2 2 0 MA MB MC MD + + =
b/ 2 5 2 0 MA MB MC MD + + =
58) Cho tam gic ABC
aXc nh cc im D,E tho mn: 4 0 ; 2 0 DA DB EA EC = + =
b)Tm qu tch im M tho mn: 4 2 MA MB MA MC = +
59) Cho hai im phn bit A,B
a)Hy xc nh cc im P,Q,R tho:
2 3 0; 2 0; 3 0 PA PB QA QB RA RB + = + = + =
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60) Cho tam gic ABC v M, N ln lt l trung im AB, AC.Gi P, Q l trung im MN v BC. CMR
: A, P , Q thng hng.Gi E, F tho mn :
1
3
ME MN = ,
1
3
BF BC = . CMR : A, E, F thng hng.
61) Cho tam gic ABC, E l trung im AB v F thuc tho mn AF = 2FC.
Gi M l trung im BC v I l im tho mn 4EI = 3FI. CMR : A, M, I thng hng.
Ly N thuc BC sao cho BN = 2 NC v J thuc EF sao cho 2EJ = 3JF. CMR A, J, N thng
hng.
Ly im K l trung im EF. Tm P thuc BC sao cho A, K, P thng hng.
62) Cho tam gic ABC v M, N, P l cc im tho mn : 3 MB MC O = , 3 AN NC = , PB PA O + = .
CMR : M, N, P thng hng. (
1 1 1
,
2 2 4
MP CB CA MN CB CA = + = + ).
63) Cho tam gic ABC v L, M, N tho mn 2 , LB LC =
1
2
MC MA
= , NB NA O + = . CM : L, M, N
thng hng.
64) Cho tam gic ABC vi G l trng tm. I, J tho mn : 2 3 IA IC O + = , 2 5 3 JA JB JC O + + = .
65) CMR : M, N, J thng hng vi M, N l trung im AB v BC.
66) CMR J l trung im BI.
67) Gi E l im thuc AB v tho mn AE kAB = . Xc nh k C, E, J thng hng.
68) Cho tam gic ABC. I, J tho mn : 2 , 3 2 = IA IB JA JC O = + . CMR : ng thng IJ i qua G.

II H TRC TA

TOM TAT LY THUYET :

- Truc la ng thang tren o xac nh iem O va 1 vect i co o dai bang 1.
Ky hieu truc (O; i ) hoac xOx
- A,B nam tren truc (O; i ) th AB = AB i . Khi o AB goi la o dai ai so cua AB
- He truc toa o vuong goc gom 2 truc Ox Oy. Ky hieu Oxy hoac (O; i ; j )
- oi vi he truc (O; i ; j ), neu a =x i +y j th (x;y) la toa o cua a . Ky hieu a = (x;y)
- Cho a = (x;y) ; b = (x;y) ta co
a b = (x x;y y)
k a =(kx ; ky) ; k e R
b cung phng a ( a =0) khi va ch khi co so k thoa x=kx va y= ky
- Cho M(x
M
; y
M
) va N(x
N
; y
N
) ta co
P la trung iem MN th x
p
=
2
M N
x x +
va y
P
=
2
M N
y y +

MN = (x
M
x
N
; y
M
y
N
)
- Neu G la trong tam tam giac ABC th x
G
=
3
A B C
x x x + +
va y
G
=
2
A B C
y y y + +

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BI TP
69) Cho a = (1;3), b = (2; 5), c = (4;1)
aTm ta vect u = 2 a b + 3c
bTm ta vect x sao cho x + a = b c
cTm cc s v h sao cho c = k a + hb
70) Cho (2; 3); (5;1); ( 3; 2) a b c = = = .
a/ Tm ta ca vect 2 3 4 u a b c = +
b/ Tm ta vect x sao cho 2 x a b c + =
c/ Tm cc s h v sao cho c ha kb = +
71) Cho cc vect a = (3;1) , b = (2;1) c = (4;1)
72) Tm cc s xy sao cho x a + y. b + 7 c = 0
Cho u = 2 i 3 j v v = k i + 4 j Tm cc gi tr ca hai vect u v v cng phng
73) Cho cc vect a = ( 1;4), b = (2; 3), c = (1;6) Phn tch c theo a v b
74) Cho 3 vect a = (m;m) , b = (m 4;1) , c = (2m + 1;3m 4Tm m a + b cng phng vi c
75) Xt xem cc cp vect sau c cng phng hng?Nu cng phng th c cng hng hng?
a) a = (2;3) , b = ( 10; 15) b) a = (2;3) , b = ( 10; 15)
c) a = (0;7) , b = (0;8) d) a = ( 2;1) , b = ( 6;3)
e) a = (0;5) , b = (3;0)
76) Trong mt phng Oxy cho 3 im 1;-2; 3;2; C0;4 Tm ta M trong mi trng hp sau:
a/ 2 3 CM AB AC =
b/ 2 4 AM BM CM + =
c/ ABCM l hnh bnh hnh.

77) Trong mt phng Oxy cho 3 im 1;4; 3;1; C-1;2Tm ta M trong mi trng hp sau:
a/ 2 5 AM BM CM + =
b/ 2 3 0 MA MB =
\c/ ABMC l hnh bnh hnh.
\d/ Tm ta trng tm ca tam gic C
\e/ Tm ta trung im M N P n t trung im ca cc cnh C C
78) Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic 1;1; 2;4; C3;2
a/ Tm ta trng tm ca tam gic C
b/ Tm ta trung im M N P n t trung im ca cc cnh C C
79) Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic 6;-3); B(1;0); C(3;2).
a/ Tm ta trng tm ca tam gic C
b/ Tm ta trung im M N P n t trung im ca cc cnh C C
c/ Tm C hnh bnh hnh Tm ta tm ca hnh bnh hnh

80) Trong mt phng Oxy cho 3 im -2;1); B(0;2); C(4;4).
a/ Chng minh rng 3 im C thng hng
b/ Tm ta giao im ca ng thng v trc Ox
c/ Tm ta giao im ca ng thng v trc Oy
81) Trong mt phng Oxy cho 3;4; 2;5
a/ Tm a Ca;1 thuc ng thng
b/ Tm M C trung im M.

82) Trong mt phng Oxy cho 1;3; 0;1; C0;3; 2;7 Chng minh // C

83) Trong mt phng Oxy cho -1;1); B(1;3); C(-2;0)
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a/ Chng minh C nm trn ng thng i qua
b/ Tm giao im ca ng thng v trc Oy
c/ Chng minh: O hng thng hng

84) Trong mt phng Oxy cho 1;-1); B(3;1); C(y;2).
a/ Tm y C thng hng
b/ Tm giao im gia v Ox
c/ Tm giao im v Oy
85) Trong mt phng Oxy cho 4;5; C-2;1)
a/ Tm ta trung im ca on C
b/ Chng minh: O C hng thng hng
c/ Tm M OMC hnh bnh hnh
86) Cho A(-1;5) , B(3;-3)
a/ Tm ta trung im M ca
b/ Tm ta N sao cho trung im N
c/ Tm ta P sao cho trung im P
d/ ng thng i qua ct Ox ti K Tm ta K
e/ ng thng i qua ct Oy ti L Tm ta L
f/ Tm ta im C sao cho OC AB = .
g/ Tm ta sao cho 3 DA DB AB =
87) Cho A(1,2); B(2; 4); C(3,-3)
a/ Chng minh rng C p thnh mt tam gic
b/ Xc nh trng tm ca tam gic C
c/ Tm ta sao cho O trng tm tam gic
d/ Tm ta C hnh bnh hnh
e/ Tm ta F sao cho OF hnh bnh hnh
f/ Cho a 1 Xc nh ta C thng hng
g/ Xc nh K Ox e KC hnh thang
h/ Tm ta giao im ca ng thng i qua v ng thng i qua OC
88) Cho cc im -2;1; 4;2; C-1;-2 n t trung im cc cnh C C ca tam gic
C Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic C Chng minh rng trng tm tam gic C v C
trng nhau.
89) Cho cc im 3;2) ,B(2;4) ,C(3; 2).
aTm ta trng tm tam gic C
bTm ta im sao cho C trng tm tam gic
c Tm ta im sao cho C hnh bnh hnh
90) Cho 3 im 2; 3) ,B(2;1) ,C(2; 1)
aTm im sao cho C hnh bnh hnh
bi im i xng vi qua Chng minh rng C hnh bnh hnh
91) Cho tam gic ABC c A( 1;1), B(5; 3 nh C nm trn trc Oy v trng tm nm trn trc Ox
Tm to nh C
92) Cho tam gic C bit trng tm 1;2trung im ca C 1; 1 trung im cnh C
3;4Tm to cc nh C
93) Cho cc im 2;3 9;4 Mx; 2 Tm x 3 im M thng hng
94) Cho cc im 1;1 3;2 Cm + 4;2m + 1Tm m C thng hng
95) Cho 3 im 1;8 1;6 C3;4 Chng minh rng: C thng hng
96) Cho 4 im 0;1 1;3 C2;7 0;3 Chng minh rng: hai ng thng v C song song
97) Cho 4 im 2; 3) ,B(3;7) ,C(0;3), D( 4; 5 Chng minh rng: hai ng thng v C
song song
98) Cho cc im 4;5) , B(1;2) ,C(2; 3)
aChng minh rng: ba im C to thnh mt tam gic
bTm ta im sao cho AD = 3 BC + AC
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cTm ta im sao cho O trng tm ca tam gic
99) Cho tam gic C cc cnh C C n t c trung im M 2;1) ,N(1; 3) ,P(2;2)
aTm ta cc nh C
bChng minh rng: cc tam gic C v MNP c trng tm trng nhau

CHNG II TCH V HNG CA HAI VCT V NG
DNG

1: GIA TR LNG GIAC CUA MOT GOC BAT KY ( T
0
0
en 180
0
)
TOM TAT LY THUYET
- nh ngha : Tren na dng tron n v lay iem M thoa goc xOM = o va M( x ; y)
*. sin goc o la y; ky hieu sin o = y
*. cos goc o la x
0
; ky hieu cos o = y
0

*. tang goc o la
y
x
( x

= 0); ky hieu tan o =
y
x

*. cotang goc o la
x
y
( y = 0); ky hieu cot o =
x
y

- Bang gia tr lng giac cua cac goc ac biet

BI TP
100) Tnh gia tr bieu thc
A = Cos 20
0
+ cos 80
0
+ cos 100
0
+ cos160
0
101) Tnh gia tr bieu thc:
o 0
0
30
0
45
0
60
0
90
0
Sin o 0
2
1

2
2

2
3
1
Cos o 1
2
3

2
2

2
1
0
tan o 0
3
3
1 3
Cot o 3 1
3
3
0
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A=( 2sin 30
0
+ cos 135
0
3 tan 150
0
)( cos 180
0
-cot 60
0
)
B= sin
2
90
0
+ cos
2
120
0
- cos
2
0
0
- tan
2
60
0
+ cot
2
135
0

102) n gian cac bieu thc:
a) A= Sin 100
0
+ sin 80
0
+ cos 16
0
+ cos 164
0

b) B= 2 Sin (180
0
- ) cot - cos(180
0
- ) tan cot(180
0
- ) . (Vi 0
0
< <90
0
)
103) Chng minh rang sin
2
x +cos
2
x = 1 ( 0
0
s x s 180
0
)
104) Tnh sinx khi cosx =
3
5

105) Tnh sinx.cosx neu sinx cosx =
2
3

106) Chng minh rang 1 + tan
2
x =
2
1
cos x
( Vi x = 90
0
)
107) Chng minh rang 1 + cot
2
x =
2
1
sin x
( Vi 0
0
< x < 1800
0
)
108) Tnh gia tr bieu thc:
A = cos 0
0
+ cos10
0
+ cos20
0
+ . . . . . . + cos 170
0

B= cos
2
120
0
- sin
2
150
0
+2 tan135
0

109) Cho tam giac ABC , Chng minh rang
sin(A + B)sin(B + C)sin(C + A) = sinAsinBsinCcos(A + C) + cos B = 0
tan( A C) + tan( B + 2C) = 0

110) Cho tam giac eu ABC co trong tam G . Tnh goc gia
a) AB va AC b) AB va BC c) AG va BC
d) GB va GC c) GA va AC
2: TCH VO HNG 2 VECT
TOM TAT LY THUYET:
- Cho OA = a va OB=b . Khi o goc AOB la goc giua 2 vect a va b Ky hieu ( a ; b )
Neu a =0 hoac b=0 th goc ( a ; b ) tuy y
Neu ( a ; b ) = 90
0
ta ky hieu a b
- ) , cos( . b a b a b a =
Bnh phng vo hng a
2
= a
2
.
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- Cac quy tac: Cho a b c ; k eR
a . b = b . a ( Tnh giao hoan)
a . b = 0 <=> a b
(ka , b = k ( a b )
a ( b c ) = a b a c (Tnh chat phan phoi oi vi phep cong va tr )
- Phng tch cua mot iem oi vi mot ng tron
Cho ng tron (O,R) va mot iem M co nh, Mot ng thang thay oi,
luon i qua iem M cat ng tron (O,R) tai A, B
Phng tch cua iem M, oi vi ng tron (O,R): k hieu: P M/(O)
P M/(O) = MO
2
R
2
= . MAMB
Neu M ngoai ng tron (O,R), MT la tiep tuyen th P M/(O) = MT
2

- Bieu thc toa o cua tch vo hng
Cho
a = (x, y) ,
b = (x', y') ; M(x

M
, y
M
), N(x
N
, y
N
); ta co

a .
b = x.x' + y.y'
|
a | =
2 2
+ y x
Cos (
a ,
b ) =
2 2 2 2
' + ' . +
' + '
y x y x
yy xx

b xx' + yy' = 0
MN = |

MN | =
2 2
) _ ( + ) _ (
N M N M
y y x x
BI TP

111) Trn mt phng Oxy hy tnh gc gia hai vect a v b trong cc trng hp sau :
a) ( ) ( ) 2;3 , 6; 4 a b
b) ( ) ( ) 3; 2 , 5; 1 a b
c) ( ) ( ) 2; 1 , 1;3 a b
d)
a
= (4,3);
b
= (1,7)

e)
a
= (2,5);
b
= (3,-7)
f)
a
= (6,8);
b
= (12,-9)

g)
a
= (2,6);
b
= (3,9)

h)
( ) ( )
2; 2 3 , 3; 3 a b
i)
( ) ( )
2; 3 , 1; 3 a b
112) cho eu ABC canh a va trong tam G; tnh
AB. AC; AC. CB ; AG. AB; GB. GC; BG. A G ; GA. BC
113) Trong Mp oxy cho 2 iem M(-2;2),N(4,1)
a)Tm tren truc ox iem P cach eu 2 iem M,N
b)Tnh cos cua goc MON
114) Cho hai vect a vb Chng minh rng :
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a . b =
1
2
|
.
|
\
|
+
2
2
2
b a b a

=
1
2
|
.
|
\
|
+
2 2
2
b a b a

=
1
4
|
.
|
\
|
+
2 2
b a b a

115) Cho hai vect a , b c a = 5 , b = 12 v a b + 13Tnh tch v hng
( )
a a b + v suy
ra gc gia hai vect a v a b +
116) Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A, AB = a ; BC = 2a
Tnh tch vo hng CA. CB

117) Cho tam gic u C cnh a i trung im Ctnh
a) AH . BC b) AB . AC c) AC . CB
118) Cho ABC A u cnh bng a ng cao Tnh cc tch v hng sau:
a) ABAC b) ( )(2 ) AB AC AB BC +
119) Cho hnh vung C tm Ocnh aTnh:
a) . AB AC b) . OA AC c) . ACCB
120) Tam gic ABC c AC = 9 ,BC = 5 ,C = 90
o
,tnh . AB AC
121) Tam gic ABC c AB = 5 ,AC = 4 ,A = 120
o

a)tnh . AB BC b i M trung im C tnh . AC MA
122) Tam gic ABC c AB = 5 ,BC = 7 ,CA = 8
a)Tnh AB . AC ri suy ra gi tr gc
b)Tnh . CACB
ci im trn cnh C sao cho C
1
3
CA .Tnh . CDCB
123) Trn mt phng Oxy cho 4 im ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 7; 3 , 8; 4 , 1;5 , 0; 2 A B C D Chng minh rng
ABCD l hnh vung.
124) Cho hai vect a v b tha mn | a | = 3 , | b | = 5 v ( a , b ) = 120
o
.Vi gi tr no ca m th
hai vect a + mb v a mb vung gc nhau
125) Tam gic ABC c AB = 4 ,AC = 8 v gc A = 60
o
Trn tia C y im M v t
AM k AC = .Tm M vung gc vi trung tuyn ca tam gic C
126) Cho tam gic C cn nh cnh bn a v hai trung tuyn M CN vung gc nhau
Tnh cosA
127) Tam gic ABC c AB = 6,AC = 8,BC = 11
a)Tnh . AB AC
b)Trn cnh AB ly im M sao cho AM = 2.Trn cnh AC ly im N sao cho AN = 4.Tnh
. AM AN
Cho O l trung im AB,M l mt im tu Chng minh rng :
. MAMB = OM
2
OA
2

128) Cho hnh vung C tm O M im thuc cnh CTnh . MA ABv . MO AB
129) Cho t gic C trung im C chng minh rng :
a) . AB AC = IA
2
IB
2
b) . AB AC =
1
2
(AB
2
+ AC
2
BC
2
)
c) . ABCD=
1
2
(AD
2
+ BC
2
AC
2
BD
2
)
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130) Cho hnh thang vung C ng cao 2a y n C 3a y nh 2a
a) Tnh . ; . ; . ABCD BDBC AC BD
b) i trung im ca C tnh . AI BD T suy ra gc ca v
131) Cho hnh thang vung C ng cao it
2 2 2
. 4 , . 9 , . 6 AC AB a CACB a CBCD a = = = .
a) Tnh cc cnh ca hnh thang
b) i J ng trung bnh ca hnh thang tnh di hnh chiu ca J trn
c) i M im trn C v AM k AC = Tnh M CD.
132) Cho tam gic C c trng tm Chng minh rng :
MA
2
+ MB
2
+ MC
2
= 3MG
2
+ GA
2
+ GB
2
+ GC
2

133) Cho tam gic C c 3 ng trung tuyn CF Chng minh rng
: . . . 0 BC AD CABE ABCF + + =
134) Cho na ng trn tm O ng nh 2Ri M N hai im trn (O) v I =
MN Chng minh rng :
a) . . AI AM AI AB =
b) . . BI BN BI BA =
c)
2
. . 4 AI AM BI BN R + =
135) Cho 4 im C tu
a) Chng minh rng : . . . 0 ABCD AC DB ADBC + + =
b) T chng minh rng trong mt tam gicba ng cao ng qui
136) Cho tam gic C cn ti i trung im ca Cv hnh chiu ca trn
C M trung im ca Chng minh rng M BD
137) Cho hnh vung C i M v N n t trung im C v C Chng minh rng :
AN DM
138) Cho hnh ch nht C i K hnh chiu vung gc ca trn C M v N n t
trung im ca K v C Chng minh rng : M MN
139) Cho hnh thang C vung ti v h cnh y a C b Tm iu
in gia a b h
a) AC BD b) IA vi trung im C
140) Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 3 ;AC = 6 v A = 45
o
i L chn ng phn gic trong
ca gc
a)Tnh . AB AC
b)Tnh AL theo AB v AC di ca L
cM im trn cnh C sao cho M x Tm x L BM
141)
Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 2a ,AC = a v A = 120
o
a) Tnh BC v . BABC
b) i N im trn cnh C sao cho N x Tnh AN theo AB v AC ,x
c) Tm x N BM
142) Cho t gic Cchng minh rng:
2
BC
2
+ CD
2
DA
2
= 2 AC . DB
143) Cho tam gic C c trc tm v M trung im ca C
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Chng minh rng : MH . MA =
1
4
BC
2

144) Cho t gic C ai ng cho ct nhau ti O i K n t trc tm ca cc
tam gic O v CO; v J trung im ca v CChng minh rng K IJ
145) Cho ng trn O;R v hai dy cung vung gc nhau ti S i M trung
im ca chng minh rng: SM
3 : HE THC LNG TRONG TAM GIAC
TOM TAT LY THUYET :
- Cac ky hieu trong A ABC
o dai : BC = a, CA = b, AB = c
m
a
, m
b
, m
c
: o dai trung tuyen ng vi nh A,B,C
h
a
, h
b,
h
c
: o dai ng cao ng vi nh A,B,C
P =
2
+ + c b a
: na chu vi A ABC
S : dien tch tam giac
R,r : ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep, noi tiep A.
- nh ly Cosin : a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
- 2bc cos A
- nh ly sin : R
c
c
B
b
A
a
2 =
sin
=
sin
=
sin

- Cong thc trung tuyen :
4
c 2 + b 2
=
2 2 2
2
a
a -
m
- Cong thc tnh dien tch
a. S =
1
2
a.h
a
=
1
2
b.h
b
=
1
2
c.h
c

b. S =
1
2
b.c. sinA =
1
2
c.a. sinB =
1
2
a.b. sinC
c. S =
R
abc
4

d. S = p.r
e. S = c) - h)(p - (p a) - p(p ( Cong thc He rong)

B a
A
C
c b
h
a
m
a

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BI TP
146)
Cho A ABC co a = 7, b = 8, c = 5; tnh : A, S, h
a
, R, r, m
a
147) Cho tam giac ABC co a= 6 cm ; b= 2cm ; c= ( 3 + 1) cm ;
a) Tnh so o goc A
b) Tnh so o goc B
c) Ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep R :
d) Chieu cao h
a
:
148) Cho tam giac ABC co b= 4 ; c = 5 ; goc A = 120
0
th dien tch la
149) Cho tam giac ABC co b= 2 ; c = 3 ; a = 19 th gia tr goc A la :
150) Cho tam giac ABC co a= 8 ; c= 3 ; goc B = 60
0
. o dai canh b la bao nhieu
151) Cho tam giac ABC co a= 3 ; b= 7 ; c= 8 ; goc B bang bao nhieu
152) Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A co a= 10 cm ; c= 6cm ; ban knh ng tron noi tiep r la
153) Cho tam giac ABC co a= 10 cm ; b= 6cm ; c= 8 cm ; ng trung tuyen AM co o dai
154) Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD co AB = a ; BC = a 2 va goc BAC = 45
0
. Tnh dien tch hnh
bnh hanh
155) Cho tam giac ABC co b= 8 cm ; c= 5cm va goc A = 60
0
.
a) Canh BC
b) Dien tch tam giac :
c) Ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep R :
d) Chieu cao h
a
:
156) Cho tam giac ABC: a=5 ; b = 6 ; c = 7. Tnh S, ha, hb , hc . R, r
157) Cho tam giac ABC : a= 2 3 ; b= 2 2 ; c= 6 - 2 . Tnh 3 goc
158) Cho tam giac ABC : b=8; c=5; goc A = 60
0
. Tnh S , R , r , h
a ,
m
a

159) Cho tam giac ABC : a=21; b= 17;c =10.Tnh S, R , r , h
a
, m
a

160) Cho tam giac ABC : A = 60
0
; hc = 3 ; R = 5 . tnh a , b, c
161) Cho tam giac ABC : A=120
0
;B =45
0
;R =2. tnh 3 canh
162) Cho tam giac ABC : a = 4 , b = 3 , c = 2. Tnh S
ABC
, suy ra S
AIC
( I trung iem AB)
163) Cho tam giac ABC : Cho goc A nhon, b = 2m 2 ,c = m , S = m
2
. Tnh a . l
a

164) Cho tam giac ABC : C = 3 , b = 4 ; S = 3 3 . Tnh a.
Neu A = 90
0
. CMR:
*. la =
2
sin
( )sin
bc A
A
b c +
*.r =
2 2
1
2
(b c
b c
+ + ) *.
1 1 1 1
a b c
r
h h h
= + +
*. M eBC; goc BAM = o. CMR: AM =
.cos .sin
bc
b c o o +

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165) Cho tam giac ABC : CMR : *. cotA + cotB + cotC =
2 2 2
a b c
R
abc
+ +

*.
2 2 2
2 2 2
tan
tan
+
=
+
A
a c b
B
b c a

166) Cho tam giac ABC :
3 3 3
2
2 .cos
b c a
a
b c a
a b C
+
=
. Tam giac ABC la tam giac g

167) Cho tam giac ABC : S = p(p c) . Tam giac ABC la tam giac g
168) Cho tam giac ABC : S =
1
4
(a + b c)(a + c - b). Tam giac ABC la tam giac g
169) Cho tam giac ABC : acosB = bcosA. Tam giac ABC la tam giac g.
170) Cho tam giac ABC : m
b
2
+m
c
2
= 5m
a
2
. Tam giac ABC la tam giac g.
171) Cho tam giac ABC : 2
sin
.cos
sin
A
C
B
= . Tam giac ABC la tam giac g.
172) Cho tam giac ABC : Cho AB = k . Tm tap hp M thoa MA
2
+ MB
2
=
2
5
2
k
.
173) Cho tam giac ABC : Goi G la trong tam tam giac . Chng minh rang:
a) *.GA
2
+ GB
2
+ GC
2
= 1/3 (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)
b) *. m
a
2
+m
b
2
+m
c
2
=
3
4
(a
2
+b
2
+c
2
)
c) *. 4m
a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
+ 2bc.cosA
174) Cho tam giac ABC : CMR
a) S =2R
2
sinA.sinB.sinC
b) S=Rr(sinA + sinB + sinC)
c) a =b.cosC + c.cosB
d) h
a
= 2RsinBsinC
e) sinB.cosC +sinC.cosB = sinA
175) Cho tam giac ABC : Cho b + c = 2a . Chng minh rang
2 1 1
a b c h h h
= +
176) Cho tam giac ABC : nh x e x
2
+x+1 ; 2x+1 ;x
2
-1 la 3 canh tam giac. Khi o CMR tam giac
co goc = 120
0

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177) Cho tam giac ABC : ng tron noi tiep tiep xuc 3 canh tam gac tai A
1
;B
1
;C
1
. CMR :
S
A1B1C1
=
2
2
pr
R

178) Cho tam giac ABC : 2 trung tuyen BM = 6, CN = 9 va hp vi nhau 1 goc 120
0
tnh cac canh
cua A ABC .

179) Cho tam giac ABC : Cho t giac ABCD. Goi o la goc hp bi 2 ng cheo AC va BD.
a) CMR S
ABCD
=
1
2
AC.BD.sino
b) Ve hnh bnh hanh ABDC. Chng minh rang : S
ABCD
= S
ACC

180) Cho t giac ABCD co I, J lan lt la trung iem cua 2 ng cheo AC va BD.
181) Chng minh rang : AB
2
+ BC
2
+CD
2
+ DA
2
= AC
2
+ BD
2
+ 4 IJ
2

CHNG III PHNG PHP TA TRONG MT
PHNG

I. NG THANG :
L TUYT:

1. Phng trnh : ng thang (A) qua iem M
0
(x
0
; y
0
) va nhan
; u a b
,
; n A B
lan lt la vec t ch phng va vec t phap tuyen
- Phng trnh tham so :
0
0
x x at
t
y y bt
u
n

- Phng trnh chnh tac:
0 0
x x y y
a b
(A)
* Lu y :
+ (A) // Ox
0
:
0
x x at
t
y y
+ (A) // Oy <=>
0
:
0
x x
t
y y bt

- Phng trnh tong quat :
A(x x
0
) + B(x x
0
) = 0 hay Ax + By + C = 0 ( vi C = - (Ax
0
+ by
0
) )
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* Lu y : + (A) qua goc toa o co p/t la : Ax

+ By = 0

+ (A) // Ox co p/t la : By + C = 0
+ (A) // Oy co p/t la : Ax + C = 0
2. V tr tng oi cua hai ng thang :
Cho hai ng thang :
(D
1
) : A
1
x + B
1
y + C
1
= 0 va (D
2
) : A
2
x + B
2
y + C
2
= 0
a) Toa o giao iem cua (D
1
) va (D
2
) la nghiem cua he :
A 0
1 1 1
0
2 2 2
x B y C
A x B y C
D
x
x
D
D
y
y
D
D
x
x
D
D
y
y
D

Trong o :
1 1 1 1 1 1
; ;
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B B C C A
D D D
B C A B C A
x y

b) V tr tng oi cua (D
1
) va (D
2
) c xac nh :
(d
1
) cat (d
2
)
1 1
2 2
A B
A B
. Hoac D = 0
(d
1
) // (d
2
)
1 1 1
2 2 2
A B C
A B C
. Hoac
0
0
0
D
D
x
D
y

(d
1
) (d
2
)
1 1 1
2 2 2
A B C
A B C
. Hoac D = D
x
= D
y
= 0
3. Goc gia hai ng thang :
Cho hai ng thang lan lt co phng trnh : (d
1
) :A
1
x + B
1
y + C
1
= 0 ;
(d
2
) : A
2
x + B
2
y + C
2
= 0 .Goi la goc hp bi hai ng thang tren (0
o
s s 90
o
),
Ta co:cos =
1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
A A B B
A B A B

He qua: (d
1
) (d
2
) A
1
A
2
+ B
1
B
2
= 0
4. Khoang cach t mot iem en mot ng thang :
Trong mat phang vi he toa o Oxy ,cho ng thang (D):Ax + By + C = 0 va iem
M
o
(x
o
; y
o
). Khoang cach hnh hoc (hay con goi la khoang cach) t iem M
o
en ng
thang (D), k hieu: d(M
o
, D) c xac nh nh sau:
d( M
o
, D) = |t | =
2 2
Ax By C
o o
A B

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5. Phng trnh ng phan giac cua goc tao bi hai ng thang :
Trong mat phang vi he toa o Oxy , cho hai ng thang (d
1
), (d
2
) cat nhau lan lt co
phng trnh : (d
1
) : A
1
x + B
1
y + C
1
= 0 va (d
2
) : A
2
x + B
2
y + C
2
= 0 (A
1
B
2
= A
2
B
1
).
Phng trnh hai ng phan giac cua goc hp bi hai ng thang tren la :
1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
A x B y C A x B y C
A B A B
(|t
1
|= |t
2
|)
Chu y: e xac nh phan giac cua goc nhon hoac goc tu ta co ket qua sau :

BI TP

182) Vit PTTSPTCTPTTQ ca ng thng bit :
a) ng thng qua A(1;3) v c VTCP
u (2;3).
b) ng thng qua B(2;-4) v c VTPT ) 5 ; 2 (
n
c) ng thng qua C(5;-3 v c h s gc 4
d) ng thng qua hai im M10;3 v N4;-2).
e) ng thng l ng trung trc ca on bit 1;4 -3;2).
f) Vit phng trnh ng thng qua M1;3 v song song vi ng d : 3x-7y+1=0.
g) Vit phng trnh ng thng qua N2;-1 v vung gc vi ng d:4x-y+6=0.
183) Cho A(2;2), B(-1;6), C(-5;3)
a Vit pt cc ng thng C C
b Vit pt ng cao K ca tam gic C
c Chng minh tam gic C vung cn tm din tch tam gic
184) Cho tam gic C bit 1;-1), B(-2;1), C(3;5)
a) Vit pt ng thng qua vung gc BC
b) Vit pt ng trung tuyn M
c) Tm ta im i xng im qua C
185) Vit pt i qua giao im ca hai ng thng 2x 3y + 15 = 0
x 12y + 3 0 v tha mt trong cc iu in sau :
a) i qua im M2;0 b Vung gc vi t x y 100 = 0
c) C vc t ch phng l
u
=(5;-4)
186) Cho tam gic C c trng tm - 2; - 1cnh nm trn ng thng 4x + y + 15
0 cnh C nm trn ng thng 2x + 5y + 3 0
aTm to v trung im M ca C
Goc

nhon tu
. 0
1 2
n n
t
1
= t
2
t
1
= t
2
. 0
1 2
n n
t
1
= t
2
t
1
= t
2

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bTm to v vit phng trnh C
187) Cho tam gic ABC c A(-1;-3).
aTrung trc cnh c phng trnh 3x + 2y 4 0 Trng tm 4;-2Tm to C
bit ng cao c pt 5x + 3y 25 0 ng cao CK: 3x + 8y 12 0 Tm to
B,C.
188) Cho tam gic ABC c M(-2;2 trung im ca cnh cnh C c phng trnh : x
2y 2 0 C c phng trnh 2x + 5y + 3 0y xc nh to cc nh ca tam
gic ABC.
189) Lp phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng i qua im -2;3 v cch u hai im
A(5;-1) v B(3;7).
190) Trong mt phng Oxy cho im 2;1 0;1 C3;5 - 3;- 1).
aTnh din tch t gic C
bVit phng trnh cc cnh hnh vung c hai cnh song song i qua v C v hai cnh cn i i
qua B v D
191) Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic C bit C4; - 1 ng cao v ng trung
tuyn t mt nh c phng trnh tng ng 2x 3y + 12 = 0 v 2x + 3y = 0
192) Phng trnh 2 cnh ca tam gic C 5x 2y + 6 = 0 v 4x + 7y 21 0Vit
phng trnh cnh th 3 bit trc tm trng vi gc to
193) Cho M3;0 v hai ng thng d
1
:2x y 2 = 0 v d
2
: x + y + 3 0Vit phng trnh
ng thng d qua M ct d
1
ct d
2
sao cho MM
194) :Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic C bit 1;3 v hai ng trung tuyn c
phng trnh x 2y + 1 = 0 v y 1 = 0.
195) Lp phng trnh cc cnh hnh vung bit mt nh - 4;5 v mt ng cho c
phng trnh 7x y + 8 = 0.
196) Cho 1;1Tm im trn ng thng d
1
:y 3 v C trn trc honh sao cho tam gic
C tam gic u
197) Cho tam gic C bit 4;0 0;3 din tch S225 ; trng tm ca tam gic thuc
ng thng x y 2 0 Xc nh to nh C
198) Cho tam gic C vi 1; - 1); B(- 2;1); C(3;5).
aVit phng trnh ng vung gc t n trung tuyn K ca tam gic ABC.
bTnh din tch ca tam gic K
199) Tm im C thuc ng thng xy +20 sao cho tam gic C vung ti C bit 1;-2)
v B(-3;3).
200) Cho tam gic C cnh C c trung im M0;4 hai cnh ia c phng trnh : 2x +
y 11 = 0 v x + 4y 2 0 aXc nh to nh
201) i C nh nm trn ng thng x + 4y 2 0N trung im CTm im N ri
tnh to ; C
202) Cho tam gic C it im -2;1) v v phng trnh hai ng cao t C 2x +
y 4 = 0 , -x + 3y - 1 0 Vit pt cc cnh tam gic
203) Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic C c nh 11 ng cao t v C n t c
phng trnh : - 2x + y 8 = 0 v 2x + 3y 6 0 Lp phng trnh ng cao h t v xc
nh ta nh C ca tam gic C
204) Cho hnh ch nht C c pt hai cnh 3x 2y + 4 = 0, 2x + 3y 1 0 v mt nh
1;5 Vit pt hai cnh cn i v hai ng cho ca hnh ch nht
205) Lp pt cc cnh ca tam gic C nu 1;3 v hai trung tuyn c
pt : x 2y + 1 = 0 , y 1 = 0
206) Cho tam gic ABC c nh -10 hai trung tuyn xut pht t v C n t c
phng trnh : 5x+ y 9 = 0 v 4x +5y 10 = 0
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a.Xc nh ta trng tm ca tam gic C
bLp phng trnh tng qut ca ba cnh tam gic C
207) Cho tam gic c im M-1,1) l trung im ca mt cnh cn hai cnh ia c phng
trnh l : x +y 2 = 0 v 2x +6y +3 = 0 . Hy xc nh ta cc nh tam gic
208) Cho hnh ch nht C c pt hai cnh 3x 2y + 4 = 0, 2x + 3y 1 0 v mt nh
1;5 Vit pt hai cnh cn i v hai ng cho ca hnh ch nht
209) Vit pt cc cnh ca tam gic C bit 5 ; 5 pt ng cao v trung tuyn v t 1 nh
l x + 3y 8 = 0 ; x + 5y 14 = 0
210) Lp PT cc cnh ca tam gic ABC bit nh ( ) 3;5 C , ng cao v ng trung tuyn
t mt nh c PT : ( ) ( )
1 2
: 5 4 1 0, : 8 7 0 d x y d x y + = + = .
211) Lp PT cc cnh ca tam gic ABC bit ( ) 3;1 A v hai ng trung tuyn c PT
( ) ( )
1 2
: 2 1 0, : 1 0 d x y d x = = .
212) PT hai cnh ca mt tam gic 3 24 0,3 4 96 0 x y x y + = + = Vit PT cnh cn i ca
tam gic bit trc tm tam gic
32
0;
3
H
| |
|
\ .
.
213) Cho tam gic ABC vi ( ) ( ) ( ) 2;1 , 2;5 , 4;1 A B C Vit PT cc ng trung trc ca cc
cnh ca tam gic ABC t suy to tm ng trn ngoi tip AABC.

214) Cho tam gic ABC vi ( ) ( ) ( ) 2;2 , 1;6 , 5;3 A B C .
1 Vit PT cc cnh ca AABC.
2 Vit PT ng thng cha ng cao AH ca AABC.
3) CMR: AABC l tam gic vung cn.
215) Mt hnh bnh hnh c hai cnh nm trn hai ng thng x + 3y 6 = 0 v 2x 5y 1 =
0 tm hnh bnh hnh 3;5 Vit pt hai cnh cn i ca hnh bnh hnh
216) Trong mt phng Oxy cho M5/22 v hai ng thng c phng trnh :
217) y = x/2 ; y 2x 0 Lp phng trnh ng thng di qua M v ct hai ng thng
ni trn ti hai im v sao cho M trung im

218) Cho tam gic c M(-1;1) l trung im ca mt cnh cn hai cnh ia c phng trnh n
lt : x + y 2 = 0 ; 2x + 6y + 3 = 0. Hy xc nh to cc nh ca tam gic
219) Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic C bit nh C4; -1), ng cao v trung tuyn
t mt nh c phng trnh l: 2x 3y + 12 = 0 v 2x + 3y = 0.
220) Cho A(1;1),B(-1;3 v ng thng d: x + y + 4 0
aTm trn d im C cch u hai im
bVi C tm c tm sao cho C hnh bnh hnhTnh din tch hnh bnh hnh
ABCD
221) Cho a
2
+ b
2
>0 v hai ng thng d
1
:(a b)x + y = 1; d
2
:(a
2
b
2
)x + ay = b.
aXc nh giao im ca d
1
v d
2
.
bTm iu in i vi ab giao im nm trn trc honh

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ng thang (D) cat Ox tai A(a ; 0) va cat Oy tai B (0 ; b) co PT :
1
x y
a b
(ng thang
chan tren hai truc toa o Ox ; Oy cac oan bang
; a b
)
Viet phng trnh ng thang (A) i qua iem M
0
(x
0
; y
0
) va tao vi ng thang (D) 1 goc
bang
PP: + Phng trnh ng thang (A) co dang :
A(x x
0
) + B(y y
0
) = 0
+ Lap pt bac hai hai an A , B :
cos [(A) ; (D)] = cos (*)
+ Giai pt (*) vi an A (hoac B) , vi tham so B (hoac A )
+ Chon B => A ( hoac chon A => B )
Viet p/t ng thang (A) oi xng vi ng thang
(D
1
):A
1
x + B
1
y + C
1
= 0 qua ng thang (D
2
) : A
2
x + B
2
y + C
2
= 0
Trng hp (D
1
) // (D
2
) :
- B
1
: Lay iem M
0
e (D
1
) . Tm toa o iem M
0
/
oi xng vi M
0

qua (D
2
)
- B
2
: Viet p/t ng thang (A) Qua M
0
/
va song song vi (D
1
) hoac
(D
2
)

Trng hp (D
1
) cat (D
2
) :
CACH 1 :
- B
1
: Tm giao iem M
0
(x
0
; y
0
) cua hai ng thang (D
1
) va (D
2
)
- B
2
: Lay iem M
1
e (D
1
) (M
1
= M
0
) , tm toa o iem M
2
oi xng vi M
1

qua (D
2
)
- B
3
: Viet p/t ng thang (A ) qua hai iem M
0
, M
2

CACH 2 :
- B
1
: Tm giao iem M
0
(x
0
; y
0
) cua hai ng thang (D
1
) va (D
2
)
- B
2
: p/t ng thang (A) qua iem M
0
co dang : A(x x
0
) + B(y y
0
) = 0
- B
3
: Lap p/t bac hai hai an A , B : cos [ (A) ; (D
2
) ] = cos [ (A) ; (D
1
) ] . chon 1 trong hai so A hoac
B tm an con lai
Viet phng trnh ng thang (A) i qua iem M
0
(x
0
; y
0
) va cach iem
M
1
(x
1
; y
2
) mot oan bang d
PP : + Phng trnh ng thang (A) co dang :
A(x x
0
) + B(y y
0
) = 0
+ Lap pt bac hai hai an A , B : d[ M
1
; (A)] = d
+ Giai pt (*) vi an A (hoac B) , vi tham so B (hoac A )
+ Chon B => A ( hoac chon A => B )

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BI TP

222) Xt v tr tng i ca cc cp ng thng sau y nu ct nhau th tm ta giao
im
a) 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 v 4x + 5y 6 = 0 b) 4x y +2 = 0 v -8x +2y + 1 = 0
c)
+ =
+ =
t y
t x
2 3
5
v
x 4 2t '
y 7 3t '
d)
+ =
=
t y
t x
2 2
1
v
x 2 3t '
y 4 6t '

223) Tnh gc to bi hai ng thng :
x+ 2y + 4 = 0 ,
( )
3 3
1
x t
t R
y t
= +
= +
; b)
1 2
x 2t x 1 3t '
D : ; (D ) : .(t,t ' )
y 3t y 3 6t '

224) Tnh hong cch t im M4;-5 n cc t sau y :
a) 3x 4y + 8 = 0 b)
+ =
=
t y
t x
3 2
2

225) tnh khoang cach t iem en ng thang c cho trc tng ng nh sau :
a/ A(3;5) va (d1) : 4x + 3y + 1 = 0
b/ B(1;2) va (d2) : 3x 4y + 1 = 0

226) Tnh hong cch gia hai ng thng : 3x + 4y 50 = 0 v
( )
2 4
1 3
x t
t
y t
=
= +
R

227) lap phng trnh ng phan giac cua cac goc gia hai ng thang:
(d1) : 2x + 4y + 7 = 0 va (d2) : x 2y 3 = 0
(d1) : x + 4y + 1 = 0 va (d2) : x y 1 = 0
228) tm phng trnh tap hp cac eu hai ng thang :
(d1) : 5x + 3y 3 = 0 va (d2) : 5x + 3y + 7 = 0

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229) Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng ng thng d:3x + 4y 12 = 0.
aXc nh to cc giao im ca d vi Ox Oy
bTnh to hnh chiu ca gc O trn ng thng d
cVit phng trnh ng thng d' i xng vi O qua ng thng d
230) Trong mt phng Oxy cho 2 ng thng d
1
: 4x 3y 12 = 0; d
2
: 4x + 3y 12 = 0.
aTm to cc nh ca tam gic c 3 cnh nm trn d
1
,d
2
v trc tung
bXc nh tm v bn nh ng trn ni tip tam gic ni trn
231) Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic MNP bit N2;- 1 ng cao h t M c
phng trnh
3x 4y + 27 0 ng phn gic trong t P c phng trnh x + 2y 5 = 0.
232) Cho tam gic ABC c A(-1;3 ng cao nm trn ng thng y x ng phn
gic trong ca gc C nm trn ng thng x + 3y + 2 0 Vit phng trnh cnh C
233) Cho im M1;6 v ng thng d:2x 3y + 3 = 0.
aVit phng trnh d
2
qua M v vung gc vi d
bXc nh to hnh chiu vung gc ca M n d

234) Vit phng trnh ng thng qua C4;-3) v ct OxOy ti 2 im
sao cho tam gic OAB cn.
235) Vit phng trnh ng thng qua 3;-5 v ct trc Ox Oy ti PQ sao cho trung
im PQ
236) Vit phng trnh ng thng qua J4;-4 v to vi 2 trc to mt tam gic c din
tch l 4 (vdt).
237) Cho im 2;1 Vit pt ng thng d qua chn trn hai trc ta bng nhau
238) Vit phng trnh ng thng c h gc -3/4 v to vi hai trc to mt tam gic
c din tch 24
239) Vit phng trnh ng thng qua 4; 1 v to vi hai hai na trc dng OxOy ti
hai im M N sao cho :
a.OM + ON nh nht b.din tch tam gic OMN nh nht c.
2 2
1 1
OM ON
nh nht
240) Trong mt phng Oxy cho cc im 10 ; 52 v ng thng c phung
trnh : 2x y +1 = 0
a.Xc nh giao im ca vi ng thng i qua hai im
b.Tm im C trn ng thng sao cho tam gic C cn ti C
241) Vit pt ng thng d
1) Qua N(1;-1 v to vi trc honh mt gc 60
o

2) Qua I(1;-1 v to vi ng thng d: 3x y + 2 0 mt gc 45
o
3 i qua im ( ) 1; 2 B v to vi hng dng ca trc Ox mt gc
0
30 o = .
4 i qua im ( ) 3; 4 C v to vi trc Ox mt gc
0
45 | = .
5 i qua im 2 ; 1 v to vi :2x + 3y + 4 0 gc 45
0

242) Vit pt hai cnh gc vung ca mt tam gic vung cn bit
1 Mt nh -3;2 v cnh huyn c pt : 3x + 4y 1 = 0
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2 Mt nh 0;1 v cnh huyn c pt : -2x + y + 3 = 0

243) Cho C cn ti pt cnh y BC : 3x y +5 0 ; pt cnh bn
AB : x + 2y 1 0 Lp pt cnh C bit n i qua im M1;-3)
244) Tam gic C cn cnh y C: x + 3y + 1 0 cnh bn : x y + 5 = 0 . ng
thng cha cnh C i qua im M-4 1 Tm ta nh C
245) Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua P2; -1 v cng vi hai ng thng
(d
1
) : 2x - y + 5 = 0 v (d
2
) : 3x + 6y - 1 0 to thnh mt tam gic cn c nh giao
im ca d
1
) v (d
2
)
246) Cho im M2;5 v t d: x + 2y 2 = 0
a Tm ta im M i xng vi im M qua d
b Vit pt t d i xng vi d qua M
247) Cho ng thng d:
+ =
=
t y
t x
2 3
2
v im -1;4 Vit pt ng thng d
1
) i
xng ca d qua
248) Cho ng thng ( ) : 3 4 12 0 d x y + = .
a Xc nh to cc giao im A, B ca d n t vi trc Ox, Oy.
b Tm to hnh chiu H ca gc to O trn (d).
c Vit phng trnh ca ng thng ( )
1
d i xng ca d) qua O.
249) Cho ng thng ( ) : 2 3 3 0 d x y + = v im ( ) 5;13 M .
a Vit PT ng thng d
1
) qua M v song song vi d).
b Vit PT ng thng i xng vi qua d
1
)
250) Cho ng thng :
x 1 3t
t
y 2 t
vit phng trnh ng thng :
a i xng vi qua
1
) : 2x + y + 3 = 0
b i xng vi qua
2
) : 2x + 6y - 3 = 0

251) Tm qu tch cc im cch ng thng :
a) (D): 2x + 5y 1 0 mt hong bng 3 ; b : 2x - y + 3 0 mt hong bng 5
252) Tm qu tch cc im cch u hai ng thng
a) 5x + 3y 3 = 0 v 5x + 3y + 7 = 0 ; b) 4x 3y + 2 = 0 v y 3 = 0
253) Vit pt ng thng :
a Qua 2;7 v cch 1;2 mt on bng 1
b Qua 2;2 v cch u hai im 1;1 C3 ; 4
c Cch u 3 im -1 ; 1) ,B(4 ; 2) , C(3 ; -1)
d) qua im M2;5 v cch u hai im P-1;2) , Q(5;4)
254) Cho ng d: x y + 2 + 0 nh hong cch t 3;5 n d bng 3
255) Cho tam gic C c 2;3 v C 4 bit pt C: 3x + y + 1 0 Tnh din tch tam
gic ABC
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256) Cho hnh ch nht bit pt hai cnh 4x y + 3 = 0 , x + 4y 5 0 v mt nh 7;-1)
1 Tnh din tch hnh ch nht ; 2 Vit pt hai cnh cn i ca hnh ch nht

257) Cho hnh vung ABCD c A(- 4 ; 5) v ng thng cha 1 ng cho c pt: 7x y
+8 0 Lp pt cc cnh v ng cho th hai ca hvung
258) Cho hnh vung ABCD c pt AB: 3x + 4y + 1 = 0 v pt CD: 3x + 4y 10 = 0
a Tnh din tch hnh vung
b Vit pt hai cnh cn i nu bit 1;-1)
259) Cho hnh vung c mt nh 0 ;5 v mt ng cho nm trn ng thng c
phng trnh : 7x y + 80 Vit phng trnh cc cnh v ng cho th hai ca hnh
vung .

260) Cho tam gic ABC c B(2,-1) , ng cao qua c phng trnh 3x 4y + 27 = 0 ,
phn gic qua C c phng trnh 2x y + 5 = 0
a/ Vit phng trnh ng thng cha cnh C v tm ta nh C
b/ Lp phng trnh ng thng cha cnh C
261) Cho tam gic ABC c A(2,-1) v phng trnh hai ng phn gic trong ca gc v
C n c d
B
): x 2y + 1 = 0 , (d
C
): x + y + 3 = 0 . Tm phng trnh cc cnh
262) Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic C c -1;3), ng cao c pt: y x ;
ng phn gic trong gc C ca tam gic c pt : x + 3y - 2 = 0 .
bVit ptt cc cnh ca tam gic C cTm chu vi ca tam gic C
263) Lp pt cc cnh tam gic bit 2 ; - 1),ng cao : 3x 4y + 27 = 0 ;ng phn
gic trong CD : x + 2y 5 = 0
264) Cho ng thng d: x y + 2 0 v hai im O0;0 2;0
a CMR hai im O nm v cng mt pha i vi ng d
b Tm im i xng ca O qua d
c Tm trn d im M sao cho di ng gp hc OM ngn nht

MT S THI I HC V CAO NG

265) (HSPKT K Trong mt phng Oxy Cho tam gic C bit nh -1,2) , B(2,0) ,
C(-3,1)
1/ Xc nh tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic C
2/ Tm im M trn ng thng C sao cho din tch tam gic M bng 1/3 din tch
tam gic ABC
266) (HKTQD p phng trnh cc cnh tam gic C bit -4,5) v hai ng cao
h t hai nh cn i ca tam gic c pt: 5x + 3y 4 = 0 v 3x + 8y +13 = 0
267) (HTCKT) cho ng cong Cm : x
2
+ y
2
+2mx 6y +4 m = 0
1/ CMR (Cm) l ng trn vi mi m Tm tp hp tm ng trn hi m thau i
2/ Vi m 4 hy vit phng trnh dng thng vung gc vi dng thng 3x-4y+10
0 v ct ng trn ti hai im sao cho 6
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268) (HHH) cho M(5/2,2) v hai ng thng c phng trnh : y = x/2 ; y 2x 0 Lp
phng trnh ng thng di qua M v ct hai ng thng ni trn ti hai im v
B sao cho M l trung im
269) (HMC) y vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic C bit phng
trnh AB: y x 2 = 0 , BC: 5y x +2 = 0 v AC: y+x 8 = 0
270) (HGTVT) cho hnh bnh hnh C c s o din tch bng 4 it ta nh
A(1,0) , B(2,0) v giao im ca hai ng cho C nm trn ng thng y x
y tm ta cc nh C v
271) (Hc vin QS) Tam gic C cn cnh y C: x + 3y + 1 0 cnh bn : x y
+ 5 = 0 . ng thng cha cnh C i qua im M-4 1 Tm ta nh C
272) (HHng khng) Cho tam gic ABC c B(2,-1) , ng cao qua c phng trnh 3x
4y + 27 = 0 , phn gic qua C c phng trnh 2x y + 5 = 0
1/ Vit phng trnh ng thng cha cnh C v tm ta nh C
2/ Lp phng trnh ng thng cha cnh C
273) (HQS) cho A(2,-4) , B(4/3,2/3) , C(6,0) . Tm tm v bn knh ng trn ni tip
tam gic ABC
274) (HM bn cng cho tam gic C vi cc nh 12 01 C-2,1)
1/ Vit phng trnh ng thng cha cnh
2/ Lp phng trnh ng cao C ca tam gic C
3/ Lp phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip ca tam gic C
275) (H An Giang KD) cho hnh thoi ABCD c A(1,3) , B(4,-1)
ait cnh song song vi trc Ox v nh c honh m Tm ta cc nh C
v D
bLp phng trnh ng trn ni tip hnh thoi C
276) (H thng mi) Cho tam gic ABC c A(2,-1) v phng trnh hai ng phn gic
trong ca gc v C n c d
B
): x 2y + 1 = 0 , (d
C
): x + y + 3 = 0 . Tm phng
trnh cnh C
277) (H ty nguyn p phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng i qua im -2,3) v
cch u hai im 5-1) , B(3,7)
278) (HSP HNi KA) cho tam gic ABC c nh 11 ng cao t v C n t
c phng trnh : - 2x + y 8 = 0 v 2x + 3y 6 0 Lp phng trnh ng cao h t
v xc nh ta nh C ca tam gic C
279) (H ngoi ng) cho 3 im -1,7) ; B(4,-3) ; C(-4;1 Lp phng trnh ng trn
ni tip tam gic
280) HQG:(2000) cho Parabol (P) : y
2
= 4x v hai ng thng :
(D): m
2
x +my + 1 = 0 (L): x my + m
2
0 vi m tham s thc hc 0
a.CM (D) vung gc (L) v giao im ca v L di ng trn mt ng thng c
nh hi m thay i
b.CM (D) v (L) lun tip xc vi P i v n t cc tip im ca v
L vi P Chng minh ng thng un i qua mt im c nh hi m thay i
281) (CCN4) Cho tam gic ABC c nh -10 hai trung tuyn xut pht t v C n
lc c phng trnh : 5x+ y 9 = 0 v 4x +5y 10 = 0
a.Xc nh ta trng tm ca tam gic C
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bLp phng trnh tng qut ca ba cnh tam gic C
282) (HANinh) Cho tam gic c im M-1,1) l trung im ca mt cnh cn hai cnh
kia c phng trnh l : x +y 2 = 0 v 2x +6y +3 = 0 . Hy xc nh ta cc nh tam
gic
283) (CNTin hc Trong mt phng Oxy cho cc im 10 ; 52 v ng thng
c phung trnh : 2x y +1 = 0
a.Xc nh giao im ca vi ng thng i qua hai im B
b.Tm im C trn ng thng sao cho tam gic C cn ti C
284) ( khi A - 2006) Trong mt phng cho ba ng thng
1 2 3
: 3 0; : 4 0; : 2 0. d x y d x y d x y + + = = =

285) Tm to im M nm trn ng thng d
3
sao cho hong cch t M n ng
thng d
1
bng hai n hong cch t M n ng thng d
2
.
286) ( thi khi A nm 2005) Trong mt vi h to Oxy cho hai ng thng d
1
: x y
= 0 v d
2
: 2x + y 1 = 0.
287) Tm to cc nh ca hnh vung C bit rng nh thuc d
1
, nh C thuc d
2

v cc nh thuc trc honh

PHNG TRNH NG TRN
Phng trnh chnh tac :
ng tron (C) tam I(a ; b) ; ban knh R > 0 co p/t chnh tac la :
(x a)
2
+ (y b)
2
= R
2

lu y : * Neu a = b = 0 th p/t ng tron co dang :
x
2
+ y
2
= R
2
- la p/t ng tron tam O ban knh R .
* ng tron tam I(a ; b) va qua goc toa o O co phng trnh :
(x a)
2
+ (y b)
2
= a
2
+ b
2

* ng tron tam I(a ; b) va tiep xuc vi truc hoanh Ox co phng trnh:
(x a)
2
+ (y b)
2
= b
2

* ng tron tam I(a ; b) va tiep xuc vi truc tung Oy co phng trnh:
(x a)
2
+ (y b)
2
= a
2
Phng trnh tong quat :
Phng trnh co dang: x
2
+ y
2
+ 2Ax + 2By + C = 0 (vi A
2
+ B
2
C > 0 )eu xac
nh mot ng tron (C) co tam I(A ; B) va ban knh R=
2 2
A B C ; c
goi la phng trnh tong quat cua ng tron.
Lu y : + Neu C = 0 ng tron (C) i qua goc toa o
1. V tr tng oi cua ng tron vi ng thang :
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Cho ng tron C(I ; R) va ng thang (D) .
d[I ; (C)] < R (D) cat (C) tai tai hai iem phan biet . d
[ I ; (C)] > R (D) khong cat (C)
d [ I ; (C) ] = R (D) tiep xuc vi (C)
4. Phng tch cua diem M(x
0
; y
0
)

oi vi ng tron (C):
Neu (C) : x
2
+ y
2
+2Ax + 2By + C = 0 th :
P
M / (C)
= f(x
o
; y
o
) = x
o
2
+ y
o
2
+ 2Ax
o
+ 2By
o
+ C
Neu (C) : ( x a)
2
+ (y b)
2
= R
2
th : P
M / (C)
= f(x
o
; y
o
) = (x
0
a)
2
+ (y
0
b)
2
= R
2

Nhan xet: * P
M / (C)
> 0 M ngoai (C)
* P
M / (C)
< 0 M trong (C)
* P
M / (C)
= 0 M

e (C)
5. Truc ang phng cua hai ng tron :
cho hai ng tron (C
1
) va (C
2
) khong ong tam lan lt co phng trnh:
(C
1
) : f
1
(x ; y) = x
2
+ y
2
+ 2A
1
x + 2B
1
y + C
1

(C
2
) : f
2
(x ; y) = x
2
+ y
2
+ 2A
2
x + 2B
2
y + C
2

Truc ang phng cua hai ng tron (C
1
) va (C
2
) co phng trnh :
f
1
(x ; y) = f
2
(x ; y) Hay 2(A
1
A
2
)x + 2(B
1
B
2
)y + C
1
C
2
= 0

PP GIAI 1 SO DANG TOAN VE NG TRON :
Van e 1 : viet phng trnh ng trn
Xac nh tam va ban knh cua 1 ng tron
CACH 1 : ong nhat p/t a cho vi p/t : x
2
+ y
2
+2Ax + 2By + C = 0 .T o tm
cac he so A ; B ; C , roi suy ra tam I( - A ; - B) ; ban knh R=
2 2
A B C
CACH 2 : a p/t ve dang ( x a)
2
+ ( y b)
2
=R
2
=> Tam I(a ; b) ; ban knh la
R
Viet phng trnh ng tron (C)
CACH 1 : + Gia s p/t ng tron can tm co dang : x
2
+ y
2
+ 2Ax + 2By + C = 0
(1)
+ da vao cac gia thiet bai toan cho lap he 3 p/t 3 an A , B , C
+ Giai he tm A , B , C . Roi viet p/t ng tron
CACH 2 : + Tm tam I(a ; b)
+ Tm ban knh : * Neu A e (C) th R = IA;
* Neu ng thang (D) tiep xuc vi (C) th : R = d[ I ; (D)]
+ Viet p/t ng tron dang : (x a)
2
+ (y b)
2
= R
2
; (2)
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Ghi chu :
- (C) i qua 3 iem phan biet A , B , C cho trc : The toa o 3 iem vao (1) ,tm 3
he so A , B , C
- Tm toa o tam I cua (C) can lap c 1 he p/t . Vi moi gia thiet di ay se
chuyen thanh 1 p/t tm tam :
a) ng tron qua hai iem A , B IA
2
= IB
2

b) ng tron tiep xuc vi ng thang (D) tai A I thuoc ng thang (D)
vuong goc vi (D) tai A (Ngha la toa o iem I thoa p/t ng thang (D) i qua A
va (D) (D)
c) ng tron i qua A va tiep xuc vi (D) d[ I ; (D) ] = IA
d) ng tron tiep xuc vi hai ng thang song song (D) va (D)
d[ I ; (D) ] = d[ I ; (D) ]
e) ng tron tiep xuc vi hai ng thang cat nhau (D) va (D)
d[ I ; (D) ] = d[ I ; (D') ]
I ; ' D D thuoc ng phan giac cua

f) ng tron co tam I e (D) toa o tam I thoa p/t cua (D)
ac biet : Tm tam I cua ng tron noi tiep A ABC, khi a biet toa o 3 iem A, B,
C
* Tm toa o iem D la chan ng phan giac trong ve t
A , qua he thc :
.
AB
DB DC
AC

* Toa o tam I thoa he thc :
BA
IA ID
AD

BI TP
288) Tm tm v bn nh ca cc ng trn sau
a) x
2
+ y
2
2x 2y 2 = 0 b) 16x
2
+ 16y
2
+ 16x 8y = 11
c) 7x
2
+ 7y
2
4x + 6y 1 = 0

289) Vit phng trnh ng trn ng nh vi :
1/ A(-1,1) , B(5,2) 2/ A(-1,-2) , B(2,1) 3) A(1;1), B(7;5) 4/A(1;3), B(5;1)
290) Lp pt vng trn qua 3 im
1/ A(1,3) , B(5,6) , C(7,0) 2/ A(5,3) , B(6,2) , C(3,-1)
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3/ A(1;2) , B(5;2) , C(1;-3) 3/ A(0;1), B(1;-1), C(2;0)
291) Lp pt ng trn bit :
1/ Tm I(2,2) , bn knh R = 3
2/ Tm I(1,2) , v i qua A(3,1) 2) Tm I(2;-3) v qua A(1;4)
3/ Tm I(-4;2 v tip xc vi d: 3x + 4y 16 = 0
4/Tm I(-1;2 v tip xc vi d: x 2y + 7 = 0
5/ Tm thuc d: x + y 1 = 0 v qua A(-2;1), B(4;2)
6/ Qua A(1,2) , B(3,1) v c tm trn (d) 7x + 3y +1 = 0
7/ i qua 31 55 v c tm nm trn trc honh
8/ i qua M(-13 N21 v c tm nm trn ng phn gic ca gc phn t th nht
292) Lp pt ng trn tip xc vi cc trc ta v
1/Qua A(2,4) 2/ c tm nm trn ng thng 3x 5y 8 = 0
3) Qua M(2,-1)
293) Lap phng trnh cua ng tron (C) trong cac trng hp sau :
a/ (C ) co tam I(-1;2) va tiep xuc vi ng thang (d) : x- 2y + 7 = 0
b/ (C ) co ng knh la AB vi A(1 ;1) va B(7 ;5)
294) trong mat phang Oxy , hay lap phng trnh cua ng tron (C ) co tam la iem I(2
;3) va thoa man ieu kien sau :
a/ (C ) co ban knh la 5 b/ (C ) i qua goc toa o
c/ (C) tiep xuc vi truc Ox d/ (C) tiep xuc vi truc Oy
e/ (C) tiep xuc vi ng thang (d) :4x + 3y -12 = 0
295) lap phngtrnh cua ng tron (C) i qua hai iem A(1;2) va B(3;4) ong thi tiep
xuc vi ng thang (d):3x + y -3 = 0.
296) Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn C :
297) Lp phng trnh ng trn i xng vi C qua ng thng : x-2 = 0 .
298) cho 3 iem A(1;4) ,B(-7;4) ,C(2;-5)
a/ lap phng trnh ng tron (C) ngoai tiep tam giac ABC.
b/ tm tam va ban knh cua (C)
299) Vit phng trnh ng trn trong cc trng hp sau :
a) ng trn tip xc trc Ox ti -1,0) v qua B(3,2)
b) ng trn tm v tip xc vi ng thng
c) Qua 42 v tip xc 2 ung thng x - 3y - 2 = 0 v x - 3y + 18 =0
d) C tm trn ng thng x 5 v tip xc vi 2 ng thng 3x y + 3 = 0 v
x 3y + 9 = 0
e) Qua 12 34 V tip xc vi d y 3 3x
f) Tm nm trn ng thng d: 4x + 3y 2 0 v tip xc vi hai ng thng
g) (d
1
): x + y + 4 = 0, (d
2
): 7x y + 4 = 0
h) Tip xc vi d 3x 4y 31 0 ti 1 -7) v R = 5
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300) Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho:

ng trn v ng thng .
301) Tm ta im sao cho ng trn tm c bn nh gp i bn nh ng
trn tip xc ngoi vi ng trn .
302) Vit phng trnh ng trn c honh tm a9 bn nh R2 v tip xc vi
ng thng d: 2x+y-10=0
303) Trong mt phng cho tam gic i chn
ng cao t M v N trung im ca cc cnh v C Vit phng trnh
ng trn i qua cc im M N
304) Cho (d) : (1 m
2
)x + 2my + m
2
4m +1 0 Vit phng trnh ng trn tip xc
vi d vi mi m
305) Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic c 3 cnh trn 3 ng thng sau 5y
= x 2 , y = x + 2 , y = 8 x
306) Vit pt ng trn ni tip tam gic O bit :
1) Cho A(4,0) , B(0,3) 2) A(4,0) , B(0,4)
307) Cho tam gic ABC c A(1/4, 0) ; B(2,0) ; C(-2,3)
1/ Tm gc C ca tam gic 2/ Lp pt ng trn ni tip tam gic C
3/ Vit pttt ca ng trn ni tip Tam gic v song song C
308) Cho (d
1
) : 4x 3y 12 = 0 , (d
2
) : 4x + 3y 12 0 Tnh ta cc nh ca tam gic
c 3 cnh n t nm trn cc ng thng d
1
) , (d
2
v trc tung .Xc nh tm v bn
knh ng trn ni tip ca tam gic ni trn
309) Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic C c ba gc nhn bit 5 ; 4
v 2 ; 7 i v F hai ng cao ca tam gic y vit phng trnh ca
ng trn ngoi tip t gic F
310) Tm m phng trnh sau l phng trnh ng trn
1/ x
2
+ y
2
+ 4mx 2my +2m + 3 = 0 2/ x
2
+ y
2
2(m+1)x +2my +3m
2
2 = 0
311) Cho (Cm) : x
2
+ y
2
2(m +2)x + 4my +19m 6 = 0
1/ Tm m Cm vng trn c bn nh R 10 2/Tm m Cm vng trn
3/Tm tp hp tm ca Cm
312) Cho (Cm) : x
2
+ y
2
+ (m + 2)x (m + 4)y + m + 1 = 0
1/nh m Cm c bn nh nh nht 2/ Tm tp hp tm ca Cm
3/CMR : (Cm) lun qua 2 im c nh vi mi m
4/ Tm tt c cc im ca Cm hng th i qua
Cho (Ca) : x
2
+ y
2
+ 2(1 cosa)x - 2ysina + 3 = 0 , a
] 2 , 0 [ t e

1/ Tm a Ca vng trn 2/ Tm tp hp tm ng trn Ca
313) Cho (Cm) : x
2
+ y
2
2x (m-1)y + m
2
4 = 0
1/ Tm m Cm i qua A(2,3) .Xc nh tm v bn nh ca ng trn ng m tm
c
2/ Tm m Cm c bn nh n nht
314) Cho h ng trn Cm : x
2
+ y
2
2mx 2(m+1)y + 2m 1 = 0
1/ CMR : khi m thay i h ng trn Cm un i qua 2 im c nh
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2/ CMR : vi mi m h ng trn Cm un ct trc tung ti 2 dim phn bit
315) Cho cc ng trn C x
2
+ y
2
= 1 v (Cm) x
2
+ y
2
2(m+1)x + 4my = 5
1/ CMR c 2 ng trn C
m1
) , (C
m2
Tip xc vi ng trn C ng vi 2 gi tr m
1

, m
2
ca m
2/Xc nh pt ng thng tip xc vi c 2 ng trn C
1
) , (C
2
)
316) Cho h ng cong Ct : x
2
+ y
2
2(1+cost)x 2(sint)y + 6cost 3 = 0
1/ Chng t Ct un ng trn thc
2/ Tm qu tch tm ng trn Ct hi t thay i
3/ Chng t Ct un i qua 1 im c nh
4/ Trong h Ct c ng trn no bn nh 1 3 hng ?
Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen cua ng tron
Dang 1: Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen cua t (C) tai iem M
0
(x
0
; y
0
)
( M
0
e (C) )
CACH 1 :
* Xac nh toa o tam I cua t(C)
* Tiep tuyen la ng thang qua M
0
va co vec t phap tuyen la
IM
CACH 2 :
* Dung PP phan oi toa o :
+ Neu ng tron (C) co p/t : x
2
+ y
2
+ 2Ax +2by + C = 0 th p/t tiep tuyen la
x
o
x + y
o
y + A(x
o
+ x) + B(y
o
+ y) + C = 0
+ Neu ng tron (C) co p/t : (x a)
2
+ (y b)
2
= 0 th p/t tiep tuyen la :
(x
o
a) (x a) + (y
o
b) (y b) = R
2

Dang 2: Viet p/t tiep tuyen cua (C) co phng cho trc ( tc la biet he so
goc k cua tiep tuyen , hoac tiep tuyen song song , hoac tiep tuyen vuong goc vi
ng thang cho trc )
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Phng phap :
Xac nh tam I va ban knh R cua ng tron (C)
Viet p/t tiep tuyen (A) cua (C) :
- Neu tiep tuyen (A) co he so goc k th p/t co dang : y = kx + b ( vi he so b
cha biet )
- Neu (A) // (D) : Ax + By + C = 0 th p/t (A) co dang : Ax + By + C = 0 ( vi
C cha biet )
- Neu (A) (D) : Ax + By + C = 0 th p/t (A) co dang : Bx Ay + C = 0 ( voi
C cha biet )
Dung / k : (A) tiep xuc vi (C) d[ I ; (A) ] = R . e tm he so cha biet
Dang 3: Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen cua (C) xuat phat t iem A(x
0
; y
0
) (
Ae (C) )
Phng phap :
CACH 1 :
p/t tiep tuyen co dang : A(x - x
0
) + B (y y
0
) = 0 ( Vi he so A , B cha biet )
Dung /k : tiep xuc d[ I ; (A) ] = R . lap p/t an so A , vi
tham so B (hoac an B tham so A) .
Giai p/t tren , roi chon B => A ( hoac chon A => B)
CACH 2 :
p/t tiep tuyen co dang : y = k(x x
0
) + y
0
kx y kx
0
+
y
0
= 0
Dung /k : d[ I ; (A) ] = R lap p/t bac hai 1 an k . Roi giai tm k
Ghi chu :
Neu tm c 2 gia tr k th co hai tiep tuyen vi (C) i qua A
Neu tm c 1 gia tr k th can xet trng hp ng thang (A) qua A(x
0
;y
0
)
song song vi Ox co p/t : x = x
0
x x
0
= 0 ,co phai la tiep tuyen cua (C)
khong . Bang cach kiem tra
?
; d I R
, neu ung th tiep tuyen th hai la
ng thang x = x
0

V tr tng oi cua hai ng tron Tiep tuyen chung cua hai ng tron
1. V tr tng oi cua hai ng tron :
- Xac nh tam I
1
; I
2
; ban knh R
1
; R
2
cua hai ng tron (C
1
) va (C
2
)
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- Tnh d = I
1
I
2
( oan noi hai tam)
- So sanh :
Neu
1 2
1 2
R R d R R th (C
1
) cat (C
2
)
Neu d = R
1
+ R
2
th (C
1
) va (C
2
) tiep xuc ngoai
Neu d =
1 2
R R th (C
1
) va (C
2
) tiep xuc trong
Neu d > R
1
+ R
2
th (C
1
) va (C
2
) nam ngoai nhau
Neu d <
1 2
R R th (C
1
) va (C
2
) ng nhau
2. Tiep tuyen chung cua hai ng tron : ( ch xet trng hp R
1
=

R
2
)
CACH 1 :
- Xac nh v tr tng oi cua hai ng tron
- Xet cac trng hp :
Trng hp 1: Neu (C
1
) va (C
2
) nam ngoai nhau th co 4 tiep tuyen chung :
+ Tm giao iem M cua hai tiep tuyen chung ngoai qua he thc :
1
1 2
2
R
MI MI
R

+ Tm giao iem N cua hai tiep tuyen chung trong qua he thc :
1
1 2
2
R
NI NI
R

+ Viet p/t tiep tuyen cua (C
1
) hoac (C
2
) i qua iem M va N
Trng hp 2:Neu (C
1
) va (C
2
) cat nhau th co hai
tiep tuyen chung ngoai . Tm giong nh TH1 , oi vi
tiep tuyen chung ngoai
Trng hp 3 : Neu (C
1
) va (C
2
) tiep xuc ngoai co hai
tiep tuyen chung ngoai ( tm giong TH1 ) ; va 1tiep tuyen
chung trong la truc ang phng cua hai ng tron
Trng hp 4 : Neu (C
1
) va (C
2
) tiep
xuc trong co 1 tiep tuyen chung trong la
truc ang phng cua hai ng tron
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Trng hp 5 : Neu (C
1
) va (C
2
) ng nhau th hai ng tron khong co tiep
tuyen chung
CACH 2 :
- Xac nh tam I
1
, I
2
va ban knh R
1
, R
2
cua hai ng tron , va suy ra VTT
cua hai ng tron
- P/t tiep tuyen chung (A) co dang y = kx + b hay kx y + b = 0
- Dung ieu kien :
(A) la tiep tuyen chung cua hai ng tron
;
1 1
*
;
2 2
d I R
d I R
.
- Giai he pt tm k & b
- Xet trng hp (A) : x + c = 0 dung he (*) tm c neu co
CACH 1 :
- P/t (A) co dang : Ax + By + C = 0 (A
2
+ B
2
= 0)
- (A) la tiep tuyen chung
;
1 1
*
;
2 2
d I R
d I R
. Ta kh an C T hai p/t ,
c p/t bac hai vi an A (hoac B) . Giai p/t tm an A theo B ( hoac B theo A) , roi
chon B => A ( hoac chon A => B )
Ghi chu : Neu R
1
= R
2
th hai tiep tuyen chung ngoai song song va cach eu ng
noi tam I
1
I
2
mot khoang la R
1
. Con tiep tuyen chung trong la truc ang phng cua
hai ng tron
* * * * * * * *

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BI TP
317) viet phng trnh tiep tuyen cua ng tron (C) :
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 25 x y + + = tai iem
M(4;2) thuoc ng tron (C).
318) lap phng trnh tiep tuyen vi ng tron
2 2
4 2 0 x y x y + = biet rang tiep
tuyen i qua iem A (3;-2)
319) viet phng trnh tiep tuyen (d) vi ng tron
2 2
4 6 3 0 x y x y + + + = biet rang
(d) song song vi ng thang (d1) : 3x y + 2010 = 0 .
320) cho ng tron (C) :
2 2
7 0 x y x y + = va ng thang (d):3x + 4y 3 = 0
a/ tm toa o giao iem cua (d) va (C).
b/ lap phng trnh tiep tuyen vi (C) tai cac giao iem o.
c/ tm toa o giao iem cua hai tiep tuyen.
321) lap phng trnh tiep tuyen (d) cua ng tron (C) :
2 2
6 2 0 x y x y + + = biet rang
(d) vuong goc vi ng thang (d1): 3x y + 4 = 0
322) cho ng tron (C) :
2 2
6 2 6 0 x y x y + + + = va iem A(1;3)
a/ chng to rang iem A nam ngoai ng tron (C).
b/ lap phng trnh tiep tuyen vi (C) xuat phat t A.
lap phng trnh ng tron (C) i qua hai iem A(1;2) , B(3;4) va tiep xuc vi ng
thang (d) : 3x + y 3 = 0
323) Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn C : v
im Xc nh ta tm v bn nh ca ng trn C Vit phng trnh cc
tip tuyn ca ng trn C t im
324) Cho ng trn T c phng trnh :
a Xc nh tm v bn nh ca T
b Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca T bit tip tuyn ny vung gc vi ng thng d c
phng trnh 12x - 5y + 2 = 0.
ng thng d : 3x - 4y + 23 0Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn C bit
tip tuyn ny vung gc vi ng thng d
326) Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn Lp phng trnh
tip tuyn vi ng trn C bit rng tip tuyn qua
327) Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn C : Vit phng trnh
cc tip tuyn ca C i qua im F 0; 3
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328) Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn C c phng trnh :

a Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn bit cc tip tuyn ny vung gc vi ng
thng .
b Tm iu in ca m ng thng tip xc vi ng trn
329) Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic C bit 4; - 2) , B (- 2; 2) , C (- 4
; - 1 Vit phng trnh ng trn C ngoi tip tam gic C v phng trnh tip
tuyn vi C ti
330) Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn .
Tm tt c cc tip tuyn ca song song vi ng thng .
331) Trong mt phng vi h ta cc vung gc Oxy cho im v ng
trn (O) :
1 Chng minh rng mt im nm ngoi ng trn O
2 Vit phng trnh cc ng thng i qua im v tip xc vi ng trn O
332) Trong mt phng vi h ta cc vung gc Oxy cho ng thng
v hai im
1 Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua v c tm .
2 Vit phng trnh ng tip tuyn ti vi ng trn .
3 Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn vi bit tip tuyn i qua Tm ta tip im
.
333) Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho im - 2; 1 v ng thng d : 3x - 4y = 0
a Vit phng trnh ng trn C c tm v tip xc vi ng thng d
b Vit phng trnh tp hp cc im m qua cc im v c hai tip tuyn n C
sao cho hai tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau
334) Cho ng trn
V ng thng
a. Chng minh rng hng ct
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b. T im M thuc cc tip tuyn M M ti C cc tip im Chng
minh rng hi M thay i trn th un i qua mt im c nh
335) Cho h ng trn c phng trnh:
Tm tp hp tm ca khi thay i
336) Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua 10 v tip xc vi hai ng thng

337) Trong mt phng ta cho ng trn v mt im
.
Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua v ct theo mt dy cung c di 8
338) Trong mt phng vi h cc trc chun cho ng trn v
ng thng
Chng minh rng t mt im M bt trn ta un c hai tip tuyn phn bit ti
(C).
a. i s hai tip tuyn t M ti C c cc tip im v Chng minh rng hi M
chy trn ng thng un i qua mt im c nh
339) Cho ng trn v ng thng (
tham s
a Chng minh rng lun ct ti hai im phn bit .
b. Tm di on un t gi tr n nht nh nht
Chng minh rng un tip xc vi hai ng thng c nh
341) Trong mt phng ta cho c phng trnh Vit
phng trnh cc tip tuyn t im n .
342) Cho hai ng trn

c tm n t v
1 Chng minh tip xc ngoi vi v tm ta tip im .
2 i mt tip tuyn chung hng i qua ca v Tm ta giao im
ca v ng thng .
3.Vit phng trnh ng trong i qua v tip xc vi hai ng trn v ti
.
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343) Trong mt phng vi h to vung gc Oxy xt h ng trn c phng trnh
( tham s
344) Xc nh ta ca tm ng trn thuc h cho m tip xc vi trc Oy
Tim tip xc vi
Tm tip xc vi ng trn
347) Cho ng trn c phng trnh: Vit phng trnh tip
tuyn ca ng trn i qua .
348) Tm cc gi tr ca a h sau c ng hai nghim

349) Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn C : v ng thng
c phng trnh :
350) Tm ta im T trn sao cho qua T c hai ng thng tip xc vi C ti
hai im v
351) Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn : v
im i v cc tip im ca cc tip tuyn t n Vit
phng trnh ng thng .
ng thng d: Tm ta im M nm trn d sao cho ng trn tm M c
bn nh gp i bn nh ng trn C tip xc ngoi vi ng trn C
353) Trong mt phng vi h ta 0xy cho hai im 2; 0 v 6; 4 Vit phng trnh
ng trn C tip xc vi trc honh ti im v hong cch t tm ca C n im
bng 5
354) Cho hai ng trn :

1. Xc nh cc giao im ca v .
2. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua 2 giao im v im 0; 1
355) Trong mt phng vi h ta cc vung gc Oxy cho ng trn C :

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v ng thng d : .

Vit phng trnh ng trn C' i xng vi ng trn C qua ng thng d Tm ta
cc giao im ca C v C'
356) Cho ng trn C : Lp phng trnh ng trn C' i
xng vi ng trn C qua ng thng d: .
357) Tm di dy cung xc nh bi ng thng 4x + 3y - 8 0 v ng trn tm 2;
1 tip xc vi ng thng 5x - 12y + 15 = 0.
358) Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai ng thng . Vit phng trnh
ng trn qua v tip xc vi ng thng ti giao im ca vi
trc tung
359) Trong mt phng vi h ta cc vung gc Oxy Vit phng trnh ng thng
i qua v tip xc vi ng trn
360) Trong mt phng vi h ta cc vung gc Oxy cho cc im
Xc nh ta im tm ng trn ni tip tam gic
.
361) Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho parabol (P) : v im .
Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm v tip xc vi tip tuyn ca
ti .
362) Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hai im 2;0 v 6;4 Vit phng trnh
ng trn C tip xc vi trc honh ti im v hong cch t tm ca C n im
bng 5
363) Trong mt phng vi h ta cac vung gc Oxy cho ng trn
v ng thng
Vit phng trnh ng trn C' i xng vi ng trn C qua ng thng dTm ta
cc giao im ca C v C'
364) Cho ng trn v im Vit phng trnh ng
thng i qua M ct ng trn ti 2 im sao cho M trung im ca on
365) Trong mt phng Oxy cho h ng trn:
Chng minh rng hc un tip xc vi hai ng thng c nh
366) Trong mt phng Oxy cho h ng trn:
.Tm m ct ng trn ti hai im phn bit v Chng
minh rng hi ng thng c phng hng i
367) Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho hai ng thng :

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1 Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic c ba cnh n t nm trn cc ng thng
v trc tung
2 Xc nh tm v bn nh ng trn ni tip ca tam gic ni trn
368) Lp phng trnh ng thng qua gc ta v ct ng trn :
thnh mt dy cung c di bng 8.
369) Cho vng trn (C) : v im 3; 5y tm phng trnh
cc tip tuyn t n vng trn i s cc tip tuyn tip xc vi vng trn ti M, N.
y tnh di MN
370) Cho h vng trn :
1 Chng minh rng hi m thay i h vng trn un un i qua hai im c nh
2 Chng minh rng vi mi m h vng trn un un ct trc tung ti hai im phn bit
371) Trong mt phng cho ng trn :
Tm m tn ti duy nht mt im P m t c 2 tip tuyn PP ti C
cc tip im sao cho tam gic P u
372) Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn C : v ng thng D)
c phng trnh : Vit phng trnh ng thng vung gc vi v tip
xc vi ng trn
373) Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn C : v ng thng
c phng trnh : Vit phng trnh ng thng song song vi v ct
ng trn ti hai im M N sao cho di MN bng 2
374) Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn C : .
y vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn ca C bit cc tip tuyn vung gc vi ng
thng x + y 0
375) Cho ba im 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 0 ; C3 ; 2 Tp hp cc im Mx ; y sao cho :

376) Cho 1; 1 v 2 ; 3 tp hp cc im M sao cho :

377) Cho hai ng trn C : v C : , M l
im di sao cho di tip tuyn t M ti C gp hai n di tip tuyn t M ti
C Tm qu tch MVi gi tr no ca m th di tip tuyn pht xut t 5 ; 4 n
ng trn C : bng 1?
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378) Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho 2;1 v 2 ng thng
v Vit PT ng trn tip xc ti v c tm thuc .
379) Mt ng trn qua im 3;5 v ct Oy ti im 0;4 v im 0;-2 Vit
phng trnh ng trn cho bit tm v bn nh
380) Cho hai ng thng (d) v ( c phng trnh n t : 2x-y+2=0 v 2x+y-4=0 .
Vit phng trnh ng trn C c bn nh R nm trong gc nhn ca hai ng
thng d v v tip xc vi chng
381) Trong hng gian Oxy cho 2 ng trn :
Lp phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca 2 ng trn
382) Trong mt phng to Oxy cho im M6;2 v ng trn C :

383) Lp phng trnh ng thng d qua M v ct C ti 2 im ; sao cho

384) Trong mt phng Oxy p phng trnh ung trn qua 1;2 ; 3;1 v c tm
thuc ng thng : 7x+3y+10
385) Trong mt phng to Oxy cho h ng cong :

a Chng minh rng h ng trn v tn ti 1 ng thng trc ng
phng ca tt c cc ng trn
b Chng minh rng cc ng trn ca h un tip xc vi nhau ti 1 im c
nh Tm im
386) Cho 2 ng trn 0 v 0' tip xc ngoi ti ng gc C vung trong
thuc O v C thuc O'Tm qu tch trung im ca BC.
387) Trong mt phng Oxy p phng trnh ng trn C tip xc vi ng thng : x-y-
20 ti im M 3;1 v tm thuc ng thng : 2x-y-2=0 .
388) Trong mt phng Oxy cho 2 ng trn :
a Chng minh rng ; v ct nhau ti 2 im phn bit v
b Vit phng trnh ng trn qua v tip xc vi ng thng ; x-2y+4=0
389) Cho ng trn O;R 2 ng nh MN Tip tuyn ti ct M ti ct N
ti K PQ n t trung im ca v K Chng minh tm ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic PQ di chuyn trn mt ng thng c nh vi c nh
390) Cho ng trn C c phng trnh: v im 4;7
a Lp phng trnh ng trn C' tip xc vi C bit C' i qua im
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b Trong trng hp C' tip xc ngoi C hy tm trn C im M trn C' im N sao
cho tam gic MN c din tch n nht Vi tm ca ng trn C
391) Cho ng trn C: x
2
+ y
2
+ 4x - 4y - 1 0; im 0;1 v ng thng : x - y =
0.
1 Vit phng trnh tng qut ca cc tip tuyn d
1
);(d
2
ca ng trn C di qua
2 Tnh cosin cc gc nhn to bi n t vi d
1
),(d
2
).
392) Cho ng trn C: Vit cc phng trnh tip tuyn ti
cc im c to nhng s nguyn thuc ng trn
393) Cho hai im v
1 Tm qu tch cc im sao cho
2 Tm qu tch cc im sao cho trong mt s cho trc
394) Cho 2 h ng trn n t c phng trnh:

Tm trc ng phng ca Chng minh
rng hi m thay i cc trc ng phng un i qua 1 im c nh

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E LP :

- PHNG
TRNH :

- nh tren truc
ln :
- nh tren truc
nho:
- o dai 2 truc
- Tieu iem :
- Tieu c :

- Tam sai :

- Ban knh tieu

- PT ng
chuan :

- PT tiep tuyen
tai iem
M
0
(x
0
; y
0
) :
- k tiep xuc
cua (E) vi

2 2
1
2 2
x y
a b

(b
2
= a
2
c
2
; a,b,c > 0 )

A
1
( -a ; 0) ; A
2
(a ; 0)

B
1
(0 ; -b ) ; B
2
( 0 ; b)

2a ; 2b
F
1
(-c ; 0) ; F
2
(c ; 0)
2c
e =
c
a
<1
MF
1
= a + ex ; MF
2
= a ex
2
a a
x
e c

0 0
1
2 2
xx yy
a b

(cong thc phan oi toa o)

2 2
1
2 2
x y
b a

(b
2
=
a
2

c
2
;
a,b,c
> 0 )

A
1
(0 ; -a) ; A
2
(0 ; a)

B
1
(- b ; 0) ; B
2
(b ; 0)

2a ; 2b
F
1
(0 ; - c) ; F
2
(0 ; c)
2c
e =
c
a
< 1
MF
1
= a +ey; MF
2
= a ey
2
a a
y
e c

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PP GIAI MOT SO DANG TOAN VE E LP
Van e 1 :
- Xac nh cac yeu to cua E lp
- Lap PT chnh tac cua E lp
- Tm iem tren E lp
( Da vao gia thiet bai toan ap dung cac tnh chat cua E lp co lien quan , e giai
bai toan )
Van e 2 : - Viet PT tiep tuyen cua E Lp (E) :
2 2
1
2 2
x y
a b

Dang 1: Tiep tuyen tai iem M
0
(x
0
; y
0
)e(E)(Dung cong thc phan oi toa o)
Dang 2: Tiep tuyen (D) co phng cho trc ( Tiep tuyen co he so goc k cho
trc ; Tiep tuyen song song hoac vuong goc vi ng thang cho trc )
CACH 1 : - Viet dang p/t tiep tuyen (D) ( Nh bai ng tron dang 2)
Dung k tiep xuc e tm he so con lai cua tiep tuyen . Roi viet p/t tiep tuyen
CACH 2 : ( Tm toa o tiep iem , roi viet p/t tiep tuyen )
- Goi I (x
0
; y
0
) la tiep iem cua tiep tuyen (D) vi (E )=>p/t (D) co dang :
0 0
1
2 2
xx yy
a b

- Dung k co cung he so goc hoac tch hai he so goc bang 1 , e lap phng trnh
bac nhat hai an x
0
, y
0
. (V du : (D) song song vi ng thang Ax + By + C
= 0
0 0
2 2
0
x y
a b
A B
)
(A):Ax+By+C=0 A
2
a
2
+ B
2
b
2
= C
2

0 0
1
2 2
xx yy
b a

(cong thc phan oi toao)

A
2
b
2
+ B
2
a
2
= C
2

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- T p/t tren ket hp vi p/t Bac hai 2 an x
0
, y
0
:
2 2
0 0
1
2 2
x y
a b
(v M
0
e (E) )
lap he . Giai tm x
0
, y
0

- Lap p/t tiep tuyen vi x
0
, y
0
va tm c
Dang 3: Viet p/t tiep tuyen qua iem M (x
1
; y
1
) ( M e (E ) )
CACH 1 :
- Xet ng thang (D) qua iem M va co he so goc k : y = k(x x
1
) + y
1

- Dung k tiep xuc e giai tm k
* Neu tm c hai gia tr k , ta viet c hai phng trnh tiep tuyen cua ( E )
qua M
* Neu tm c mot gia tr k , Ta xet ng thang qua M co p/t : x x
1
= 0 . Kiem
tra qua k tiep xuc xem ng thang co phai la tiep tuyen cua (E ) khong
CACH 2 : - Goi M(x
0
; y
0
) la tiep iem cua (D) va (E ) , khi o p/t tiep tuyen co
dang :
0 0
1
2 2
xx yy
a b

- Ta co he :
2 2
0 0
1
0
2 2
. .
1 0 1 0
1
2 2
x y
M E
a b
x x y y
M D
a b
. Giai he tm x
0
, y
0
; roi viet
p/t tiep tuyen
Van e 3 : Tap hp iem M (x ; y) la E lp
Ap dung : Tap hp iem M la E Lp (E ) neu thoa 1 trong 2 tnh chat sau :
1. Tong khoang cach t M en hai iem co nh F
1
; F
2
la 1 hang so bang 2a ( a
> 0 ) . Ngha la :
(E ) = { M / F
1
M + F
2
M = 2a } . trong o F
1
, F
2
la hai tieu iem cua (E ) , va F
1
F
2
=
2c ( a > c )
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2. Ty so gia khoang cach t iem M en iem co nh F , vi khoang cach t
M en 1 ng thang co nh (A) la 1 hang so dng nho hn 1 ( Ky hieu la e < 1,
va goi la tam sai ) . Ngha la :
(E ) : {M /
[ , ]
MF
e
d M
} . Vi F goi la tieu iem , (A) goi la ng chuan .

BI TP

395) Cho elip ( )
2 2
: 9 4 36 E x y + = .
1) Tm to cc nh, tiu im, tnh tm sai ca (E).
2) Cho ( ) 1;1 M , lp PT ng thng qua M v ct (E) ti hai im A, B : MA MB = .
396) Lp PT chnh tc cuae elip (E) , bit:
1) (E) i qua cc im
( ) ( )
3 3; 2 , 3; 2 3 M N .
2) Hai tiu im ( ) ( )
1 2
2;0 , 2;0 F F v
a) trc ln c di bng 4.
b) (E) i qua gc to .

397) Cho elip ( )
2 2
:16 25 100 E x y + = .
2) Tm to ca im ( ) M E e , bit 2
M
x = . Tnh khong cch t M n hai tiu im
cuae (E).
Tm tt c cc gi tr ca b ng thng y x b = + c im chung vi (E).
Cho elip ( )
2 2
: 4 9 36 E x y + = .
2) Cho ( ) 1;1 M , lp PT ng thng qua M v ct (E) ti hai im A, B : MA MB = .
398) Trong h to Oxy cho hai im ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
4;0 , 4;0 0;3 v F F A .
1) Vit PT chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua A v nhn
1 2
; F F lm cc tiu im.
2) Tm ta im ( ) M E e sao cho
2 1
2 MF MF = .
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399) Vit PT chnh tc cuae elip (E), bit:
1) Trc ln thuc Ox, di trc ln bng 8; trc nh thuc Oy c di bng 6.
2) Trc ln thuc Oy c di bng 10, tiu c bng 6.
3) Hai tiu im thuc Ox; trc ln c di bng 26, tm sai
12
13
e = .
4) (E) i qua cc im ( ) ( ) 4;0 , 0;3 M N .
5) Hai tiu im: ( ) ( )
1 2
1;0 , 5;0 F F ; tm sai
3
5
e = .
6) (E) c tm ( ) 1;1 I , tiu im ( )
1
1;3 F , trc nh c di bng 6.
400) Tm tm sai ca elip (E) ,bit:
1) Cc nh trn trc nh nhn on thng ni hai tiu im di mt gc vung.
2) di trc ln bng hai ln di trc nh.
3) Khong cch gia hai nh, mt nh trn trc ln v nh kia thuc trc nh bng tiu
c ca (E).
401) Chng t rng PT:
2 2
0 . 0, . 0 vi Ax By F AB AF + + = > <
1) L PT ca mt elip c tm ( ) 0;0 O nu A B = . Tm to cc tiu im ca elip.
2) L PT ca mt ng trn tm ( ) 0;0 O nu A B = .
402) Chng t rng PT:
2 2
0 0 vi ax by cx dy e ab + + + + = >
1) L PT ca mt elip nu
2 2
0
4 4
c d
a e
a c
| |
+ >
|
\ .
. Tm to cc tiu im ca elip.
2) L mt im nu
2 2
0
4 4
c d
e
a c
+ = .
403) Cho elip ( )
2 2
: 4 9 36 E x y + = .
1) Vit (E) di dng chnh tc, t xc nh to cc nh, cc tiu im v tnh tm
sai ca (E).
2) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m ng thng ( ) : 2 0 d x y m = tip xc vi (E).
3) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m ng thng (d) ct (E) ti hai im A,B: 1 AB = .

. TIP TUYN CA ELIP.

404) Vit PT tip tuyn ca elip ( )
2 2
: 1
16 9
x y
E + = , bit:
1) Tip tuyn i qua im ( ) 4;0 A .
2) Tip tuyn i qua im ( ) 2; 4 B .
3) Tip tuyn song song vi ng thng ( ) : 2 6 0 x y A + = .
4) Tip tuyn vung gc vi ng thng ( ) : 0 x y A = .
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405) Vit PT tip tuyn ca elip ( )
2 2
: 1
9 4
x y
E + = bit tip tuyn to vi ng thng
( ) : 2 0 x y A = mt gc
0
45 o = .
406) Vit PT tip tuyn chung ca hai elip sau:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2
: 1, : 1
9 4 4 9
x y x y
E E + = + = .
407) Vit PT cc ng thng cha cc cnh ca hnh vung ngoi tip elip
2 2
1
3 6
x y
+ = .
408) Cho elip ( )
2 2
: 1
9 4
x y
E + = . Vit PT tip tuyn vi (E) i qua im ( ) 3; 2 A . Tm to
ca tip im ?

1) Vit PT ca elip ( ) E c tiu c bng 8, tm sai
4
5
e = v cc tiu im nm trn Ox,
i xng nhau qua trc Oy.
2) Vit PT cc tip tuyn ca (E) i qua im
( )
15
0;
4
A .
3) Tnh din tch hnh phng chn bi (E) v hai tip tuyn ni trn.
409) Cho elip ( )
2 2
: 1
9 5
x y
E + = . Mt hnh ch nht c gi l ngoi tip eip nu mi
cnh ca hnh ch nht u tip xc vi (E). Trong tt c cc hnh ch nht ngoi tip (E),
hy xc nh:
1) Hnh ch nht c din tch nh nht.
2) Hnh ch nht c din tch nh nht.
410) Vit PT cc cnh ca hnh vung ngoi tip elip ( )
2 2
: 1
24 12
x y
E + = .
QU TCH I VI ELIP.
411) (H Hu_96) Cho elip ( )
2 2
2 2
: 1
x y
E
a b
+ = . Gi
1 2
A A l trc ln ca (E). K cc tip
tuyn
1 1 2 2
, At A t ca (E). Mt tip tuyn qua im ( ) M E e , ct
1 1 2 2
At A t v theo th t ti
1 2
T T v .
1) CMR: Tch s
1 1 2 2
. AT AT khng ph thuc vo v tr im M .
412) Cho h elip ( ) ( )
2
2
: 2 0 1
x
E y x m
m
= < < .
1) a (E) v dng chnh tc, xc nh to ca tm, cc tiu im
1 2
, F F v cc nh
1 2
, A A thuc trc ln ca (E).
2) Tm qu tch cc nh
1 2
, A A khi m thay i.
3) Tm qu tch cc tiu im
1 2
, F F khi m thay i.
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413) CMR: iu kin cn v ng thng ( ) : 0 d Ax By C + + =
( )
2 2
0 A B + > tip
xc vi elip ( )
2 2
2 2
: 1
x y
E
a b
+ = l :
2 2 2 2 2
C A a B b = + .
414) CMR: iu kin cn v ng thng ( ) : d y kx m = + tip xc vi elip
( )
2 2
2 2
: 1
x y
E
a b
+ = l :
2 2 2 2
m k a b = + .

BI TP HYPEBOL

415) Lp pt chnh tc ca ypebo bit:
1 Na trc thc bng 4 tiu c bng 10
2 Tiu c bng 13 2 mt tim cn : x y
3
2
=
3, tm sai 5 = e , (H) qua ) 6 ; 10 ( M
4 di trc o bng 12 tm sai
4
5
= e
5 1 nh -10; 0 v mt tim cn : x y
5
2
=
6 i qua 2 im ) 5 2 ; 2 5 ( A v ) 40 ; 45 ( B
7 qua M24;5 v mt tim cn: x y
12
5
=
8 gc gia 2 tim cn bng 60
0
, (H) qua M(6;3)
9 i qua ) 3 ; 2 4 ( M c tiu im trng vi tiu im ca : 2x
2
+7y
2
=70
10, (H) qua )
5
9
;
5
34 4
( M v M nhn 2 tiu im di 1 gc vung

416) Tm tm sai ca : 1
2
2
2
2
=
b
y
a
x
bit:
1 hong cch gia tiu im v nh trn trc o bng di trc thc
2 nh trn trc o nhn F
1
, F
2
di 1 gc 120
0

3 ypebo c hai tim cn vung gc gi ypebo vung
4 di trc thc gp 2 n di trc o
417) Cho Hypebol (H): 1
2
2
2
2
=
b
y
a
x
M mt im tu trn d
1
); (d
2
n t cc
ng thng qua M v song song vi 2 tim cn ca CMR din tch hnh bnh hnh
to bi d
1
), (d
2
v tim cn hng i
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418) Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca ypebo bit tng di 2 bn trc: a+b 7 v
phng trnh hai tim cn : .
4
3
x y =
419) Cho h ng cong C
m
): 1
25
2
2
2
2
=
+
m
y
m
x
( 5 ; 0 = = m m )
1 Tu theo gi tr ca m hy xc nh hi no C
m
) l elip, khi no l Hypebol?
2 i s 1 im tu trn ng thng x1 v hng thuc trc honh CMR qua
c 4 ng cong ca h C
m
i qua Trong 4 ng y c bao nhiu elip, bao nhiu
Hypebol?
420) Trong mp to Oxy cho -2; 0); B(2; 0) v M(x; y).
1 Xc nh to M bit M nm pha trn trc honh v s o gc
0
90 = AMB ; s o gc
MAB = 30
0
.
2 Khi x y thay i sao cho s o gc M gp i s o gc M i M chy trn
ng cong no?
421) Cho Elip (E): x
2
+ 3y
2
= 9
i hypebo c cc tiu im trng vi 2 nh trn trc n ca ; 2 tim cn cha 2
ng cho ca hnh ch nht c s ca Vit pt ca
422) Cho Hypebol (H): 5x
2
y
2
4 = 0.
Tm cc nh tiu im tm sai c phng trnh cc tim cn
Cho (H): 9x
2
16y
2
144 = 0
1 Tm cc tiu im cc nh tm sai v phng trnh cc tim cn ca
2 Vit pt chnh tc ca ip c cc tiu im trng vi cc tiu im ca v ngoi
tip hnh ch nht c s ca
423) Cho (H): 1
9 4
2 2
=
y x

1 Xc nh to cc nh cc tiu im tm sai v cc tim cn ca V
2 Tm n ng thng y nx 1 c im chung vi
424) Cho hypebol (H): ) 0 ( 1
2
2
2
2
> > = b a
b
y
a
x
Cho mt s thc dng Xt cc ng
thng d
1
): y = kx; (d
2
): x
k
y
1
=
a. Hy tm k sao cho (d
1
) v (d
2
u ct
b i v C n t giao im ca d
1
vi nm trong gc phn t th nht
i v n t giao im ca d
2
vi nm trong gc phn t th haiy tm
sao cho hnh thoi C c din tch nh nht
16 4
2 2
=
y x
.
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1 Tm phng trnh ng cho ca hnh ch nht tm O c 4 nh thuc sao cho h
s gc cc ng cho s nguyn
2 i mt ng thng bt ct hai tim cn ti P Q; ct ti R S Chng
minh rng: PRQS
3 Ly im K thuc T K hai ng thng n t song song vi hai tim cn
Chng minh din tch hnh bnh hnh gii hn bi hai ng thng v hai tim cn c
din tch hng i
4 i s hai ng thng qua tm O v vung gc vi nhau ct ti 4 im to thnh
mt hnh thoi Vit phng trnh hai ng thng hi hnh thoi c din tch nh nht
5. Cho A(-20 Tm hai im C thuc nhnh phi ca sao cho tam gic C tam
gic u
426) Trong mt phng Oxy cho Hyperbol (H) : 1
9 4
2 2
=
y x

i d ng thng qua O c h s gc ; d' ng thng qua O v vung gc vi d
a Tm iu in ca d v d' u ct
b Tnh theo din tch ca hnh thoi vi 4 nh 4 giao im ca d;d' v ).
427) Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho yperbo c phng trnh : 9x
2
- 16y
2
= 144
a Tm ta nh tiu im tm sai tim cn ca
b Lp phng ng trn C ng nh F
1
F
2
Vi F1F
2
hai tiu im ca
428) Trong mt phng Oxy cho hypebo c phng trnh :
1
2
2
2
2
=
b
y
a
x

Tiu im F
1
Tm im M trn sao cho di MF
1
ngn nht di nht
429) Trong mt phng Oxy cho ip : 1
4 9
2 2
= +
y x

V Hyperbol (H) : 1
4 1
2 2
=
y x

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Lp phng trnh ng trn i qua giao im ca ip v yperbo
430) Trong mt phng to Oxy cho yperbo c phng trnh :
20x
2
- 25y
2
= 100
a Tnh hong cch t im c honh 10 = x n 2 tiu im
b Tm b phng trnh ng thng : yx+b c im chung vi yperbol trn.
431) Trong mt phng Oxy cho yperbo c phng trnh :
(H): 1
2
2
2
2
=
b
y
a
x

a Tnh hong cch t im M thuc n tim cn ca n
b T im M cc ng thng song song vi 2 tim cn v ct chng ti P;Q Tnh
din tch t gic OPMQ
9 16
2 2
=
y x
Lp pt chnh tc eip bit c 2 tiu im 2
tiu im ca v i qua cc nh ca hnh ch nht c s ca
2
2
2
2
=
b
y
a
x

CMR: Tch hong cch t 1 im M
0
bt trn n 2 ng tim cn 1 s hng
i
3 6
2 2
=
y x
Tm to im M thuc sao cho M nhn 2 tiu
im F
1
, F
2
ca di 1 gc 90
0
.
435) Cho Elip (E): 4x
2
+ 9y
2
36 Lp pt ypebo c 2 tiu im trng vi 2 tiu im cua
v i qua ) 1 ; 2 2 ( A
436) Cho (H): 1
12 4
2 2
=
y x
Tm M trn sao cho hong cch t M n tiu im tri gp
i hong cch t M n tiu im phi ca
437) Cho A(-a; 0; a;0 i C ng trn thay i qua ; MM ng nh ca
C un song song vi Ox Tm qu tch M v M
438) Cho M( ) tan ;
cos
t b
t
a
, ( )
2
) 1 2 (
t
+ = k t Tm qu tch im M
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Tm qu tch tm cc ng trn chn trn Ox v Oy hai on thng c di n t
2a v 2b
2
2
2
2
=
b
y
a
x
.
CMR: vi mi M trn ta c:
1, OM
2
MF
1
.MF
2
= a
2
b
2
.
2, (MF
1
+ MF
2
)
2
= 4(OM
2
+ b
2
)
440) Cho (H): 1
5 4
2 2
=
y x
Tm im M trn nhn 2 tiu im di 1 gc 120
0
.
441) Cho (H): 1
16 9
2 2
=
y x
Mt ng thng d qua tiu im F
1
vung gc vi trc thc ct
ti M N Tnh MN

442) Cho (E): 16x
2
+ 9y
2
= 144
1 Vit pt chnh tc ca c cng hnh ch nht c s vi
2 Tm M trn nhn 2 tiu im di 1 gc 60
0
.
3, Tm M trn (H) sao cho 2 bn nh qua tiu vung gc vi nhau

443) Cho F4; 0 v ng thng d: 4x 9 = 0.
Tm tp hp cc im M trn mp to sao cho t s hong cch t M n F v t M n d
bng
3
4

444) Tnh din tch hnh ch nht c nh nm trn : 1
16 20
2 2
=
y x
hai cnh i qua 2 tiu
im v song song vi Oy

445) Cho (H): 1
4 25
2 2
=
y x
v ng thng d: 2x + 15y 10 = 0
1 CMR: d un ct ti 2 im phn bit x
A
>0). Tnh AB
2 Tm C trn sao cho tam gic C cn A.

446) Cho (H): x
2
2y
2
6 v M3;1 Lp pt ng thng d qua M ct ti 2 im v
B sao cho MA = MB.

447) Cho (H): x
2
4y
2
32 v ng thng d: x + 6y 0
1 CMR: d un ct ti 2 im phn bit Tnh
2 Tm im C nm trn sao cho tam gic C c din tch bng 30

448) Cho A(4; 1) v (H): 1
4 2
2 2
=
y x
. Tm M trn sao cho M ngn nht
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(VNMATH - COM) - Chuyen de Hinh Hoc Lop 10

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CHUYN BI TP HNH HC LP 10 ( c s dng ti liu t cc ngun khc).

BIN SON : TRN MAI SANG 1

l cc im thuc BC, CA, AB sao cho :

b = (x', y') ; M(x

. Tam giac ABC la tam giac g

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