Chng I : VECT A: TOM TAT LY THUYET 1: CAC NH NGHA r r uu uu ur ur Vect la oan thang co dnh hng.

Ky hieu : AB ; CD hoac a ; b

Vect khong la vect co iem au trung iem cuoi. Ky hieu 0 Hai vect cung phng la hai vect co gia song song hoac trung nhau Hai vect cung phng th hoac cung hng hoac ngc hng Hai vecto cung hng th luon cung phng. uu ur uu ur o dai vecto AB chnh la o dai oan thang AB. K hieu: AB = AB

Hai vect bang nhau neu chung cung hng va cung o dai r a =b r r r Vay: a = b r r a,b cung huong Cac phng phap chng minh: uu uu ur u r Ba iem A,B,C thang hang AB, AC cung phng. uu uu ur ur Chng minh AB = DC ABCD la hnh bnh hanh. B. NOI DUNG BAI TAP : Bai 1: Cho ng gic ABCDE Co bao nhieu vect khac vect -khong co iem au ,iem cuoi la cac iem o Bai 2: Cho luc giac eu ABCDEF co tam O. uu ur r a. Tm cac vecto khac 0 va cung phng vi OA uu uu ur ur b. Tm cac vecto bang vecto AB,OE . Bai 3: Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD co tam la O . Tm cac vect t 5 iem A, B, C , D , O: uu uu ur ur a. bang vect AB ; OB b. Co o dai bang OB Bai 4: Cho t giac ABCD. Cmr t giac o la hnh bnh hanh khi va ch khi uu uu ur ur AB = DC Bai 5: Cho tam giac ABC co D,E,F lan lt la trung iem cua BC,CA,AB. Cm: uu uu ur ur EF = CD . Bai 6 : Cho t giac ABCD, goi M, N, P, Q lan lt la trung iem AB, BC, CD, DA. N Q P M Chng minh : M = P ; N = Q . uu uu ur uu uu ur ur ur Bai 7: Cho t giac ABCD, cmr neu AB = DC th AD = BC . Bai 8: Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD. Hai iem M va N lan lt la trung iem cua BC va AD. Goi I la giao iem AM va BN, K la giao iem DM va CN. Cm: uu uu u u u u r ur u r u r u AM = NC , DK = NI . Bai 9 : Cho tam giac ABC co trc tam H va O tam la ng tron ngoai tiep H B tam gic .Goi B la iem oi xng B quaO . Chng minh : A = ' C A M =B , M =D , N = D , P =B A N A P C Q C . Bai 10: Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD . Dng Q O Chng minh A = .

uu ur

2. TONG VA HIEU HAI VECT A: Tom tat ly thuyet : uu r uu r ur ur uu r r ur nh ngha: Cho AB = a ; BC = b . Khi o AC = a + b r r r r Tnh chat : * Giao hoan : a + b = b + a

Quy tac 3 iem : Cho A, B ,O tuy y, ta co : uu uu uu ur ur ur AB = AO + OB (phep cong) u u u u uu ur ur ur AB = OB - OA (phep tr) uu uu uu ur ur ur Quy tac hnh bnh hanh: Neu ABCD la hnh bnh hanh th AC = AB + AD r Vecto oi: Vecto oi cua vecto a la mot vecto co cung o dai nhng ngc hng. r r r r K hieu: - a . Vay a + (- a) = 0. uu ur uu ur Chu y: AB = - BA Tnh chat trung iem va tnh chat trong tam: ur ur r u u I la trung iem AB IA + IB = 0 uu u u u u r u r ur ur G la trong tam D ABC GA + GB + GC = 0 B. NOI DUNG BAI TAP Bai 1:uChou u u u B, C, D,ur F.ur u :r(bng nhiu cch khc nhau) u u u u 6 r ur ur r u im A, uE, uCMRu u u u u u ur a) AB + CD = AD + CB b) AB CD = AC + DB uu uu uu uu r ur ur ur ur u u u u uu u u ur ur ur ur c) AB - AD = CB - CD d) AB + BC + CD + DA = 0 u u uu u u u u uu u u ur ur ur ur ur ur u u u u u u uu uu u u ur ur ur ur ur ur e) AD + BE + CF = AE + BF + CD f. AC + DE - DC - CE + CB = AB uu uu ur ur uu uu ur ur Bai 2: Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD, M tuy y. Cm: MA + MC = MB + MD Bai 3: Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD co tam O. Cm: ur uu uu uu ur u u uu uu ur ur ur ur a. CO - OB = BA b. AB - BC = DB uu uu uu r ur ur ur uu uu uu uu ur ur ur ur c. DA - DB = OD - OC d. DA - DB + DC = 0 Bai 4: Cho D ABC . Ben ngoai cua tam giac ve cac hnh bnh hanh ABIJ, BCPQ, u u ur u r r ur u u CARS. Chng minh: RJ + IQ + PS = 0 . Bai 5: Cho luugiacr eu ABCDEFu r tam la O . CMR : uu uu uu uu uu u r ur r u ur ur uco a) OA + OB + OC + OD + OE + OF = 0 uu uu uu ur ur ur r b) OA + OC + OE = 0 ur u u u u uu u u ur u r ur c) AB + AO + AF = AD u ur u u u u uu ur ur u u u ur u u ur u u ur d) MA + MC + ME = MB + MD + MF ( M tuy y ) Bai 6: Cho 7 iem A ; B ; C ; u u; E ; F ; G . Chng minh rang : Dr uu ur u uu ur uu ur uu ur a) AB + CD + EA = CB + ED uu u r uu ur uu ur uu ur uu ur uu u r b) + AD + u u + CF = AEr + BF ur CD BE ur uu u uu uu u r uu ur ur u uu ur c) GA AB + CD + uEF + ur = CB + ED + GF ur u u u r u u uu ur u r ur u u u ur d) AB - AF + CD - CB + EF - ED = 0 Bai 7: Cho tam giac ABC. Goi M,N,P la trung iem AB, AC, BC. Cmr vi iem O bat k: uu u u u u u u u u u u ur ur ur ur ur ur OA + OB + OC = OM + ON + OP 2

r r r r * Tn h chat : vect khong a + 0 = a

* Ket hp :

( a + b ) + c = a + (b + c )

Bai 8 : Cho tam giac ABC . Goi A la iem oi xng cua B qua A, B la iem oi xng vi C qua B, C la iem oi xng cua A qua C. Vi mot iem O bat ky, cmr:
O + B +C A O O = A '+ B '+ C ' O O O

Bai 9: Cho tam giac ABC noi tiep trong ng tron tam O , trc tam H , ve ng knh AD uu ur uu ur uu ur a) Chng minh rang HB + HC = HD uu ur uu ur uu ur b) Goi H la oi xng cua H qua O .Chng minh rang HA + HB + HC = u ur uu HH ' u u u u ur ur Bai 10: Cmr AB = CD khi va ch khi trung iem cua hai oan thang AD va BC trung nhau. uu ur r uu ur r Bai 11: Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD tam O . at AO = a ; BO = b ur ur r r uu uu uu uu ur ur Tnh AB ; BC ; CD ; DA theo a va b uu ur ur uu ur uu uu ur Bai 12: Cho hnh vuong ABCD canh a . Tnh BC + AB ; AB - AC theo a Bai 13: Cho hnh thoi ABCD co BAD = 600 va canh la a. Goi O la giao iem hai ng cheo. Tnh: uu uu ur ur uu u u ur ur uu uu ur ur a. AB + AD b. BA - BC c. OB - DC Bai 14: Cho hnh vuong ABCD canh a co O la giao iem hai ng cheo. Tnh uu uu ur uu uu ur ur ur ur uu uu ur a. OA - CB b. AB + DC c. CD - DA Bai 15: Cho hai iem A va B phan biet. Tm iem M thoa man mot trong cac ieu kien sau: uu uu ur ur r uu uu ur ur uu uu ur ur ur u u ur u u a. MA - MB = BA b. MA - MB = AB c. MA + MB = 0 uu uu uu ur ur ur r Bai 16: Cho tam giac ABC. Xac nh iem M sao cho MA - MB + MC = 0 uu ur uu ur uu uu ur ur Bai 17: Tm tnh chat tam giac ABC, biet rang : CA + CB = CA - CB 3: TCH CUA VECT VI MOT SO A. TOM TAT LY THUYET: nh ngha: r Cho so thc k 0 , a 0 . Tch cua so thc k va vecto a la 1 vect, k hieu: r ka va c xac nh: Neu k > 0 th k a cung hng vi a ; k < 0 th k a ngc hng vi a. r . o dai: ka = k . a Tnh chat : a) k(m a ) = (km) a b) (k + m) a = k a + m a c) k( a + b ) = k a + k b d) k
a

= 0 k = 0 hoac

= 0

r r r r r r cung phng a ( a 0 ) khi va ch khi co so k thoa b =k a b

ieu kien can va u e A , B , C thang hang la co so k sao cho AB uu ur =k AC Tnh chat trung iem va tnh chat trong tam: 3

uu ur

uu uu ur ur uu ur I trung iem oan thang AB, vi moi iem M bat ky: MA + MB = 2MI uu uu uu ur ur ur uu ur G la trong tam D ABC , vi moi iem M bat ky: MA + MB + MC = 3MG Phan tch mot vecto theo hai vecto khong cung phng: r r r r r Cho b , a la hai vecto khong cung phng, vi moi x tuy y, khi o: x = m a

+ n b ( m, n duy nhat ) B. NOI DUNG BAI TAP : Dang 1: Chng minh ang thc vecto. uu uu uu ur ur ur uu ur Bai 1: Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD. Cmr: AB + AC + AD = 2AC Bai 2: Cho tam giac ABC co AM la trung tuyen, D la trung iem cua AM. Cm: uu uu uu r ur ur ur a. 2DA + DB + DC = 0 uu u u u u u r ur ur uu ur b. 2 + OB + OC = 4 OA OD ( vi O tuy y) uu uu uu ur ur ur uu ur Bai 3: Cho tam giac ABC co G la trong tam. Cmr: MA + MB + MC = 3MG , vi M bat ky. Bai 4: Cho t giac ABCD. Goi E,F la trung iem cua AB, CD va O la trung iem EF. Cmr: ur uu 1 uu uu ur ur uu u u u u u u r ur ur ur ur a. EF = AC + BD b. OA + OB + OC + OD = 0 2 uu uu uu ur ur ur uu ur uu ur c. MA + MB + MC + MD = 4MO (M la iem bat ky) Bai 4: Goi M,N la trung iem AB va CD cua t giac ABCD. Cmr: ur ur uu uu u u u u u u u u r ur ur 2MN = AC + BD = BC + AD Bai 5: Cho tam giac ABC. Goi M,N,P lan lt la trung iem cua BC, CA, AB. uu uu u u uu r r ur ur Cm: AM + BN + CP = 0. Bai 6: Cmr neu G va G la trong tam cua hai tam giac ABC va ABC th uu uu uu ur ur ur uu ur AA ' + BB ' + CC ' = 3 ' . Suy ra ieu kien e hai tam giac co cung trong tam. GG Bai 7: Cho tam giac ABC. Goi M,N,P la trung iem cua BC, CA, AB. Chng minh: uu uu u u uu r r ur ur AM + BN + CP = 0 Bai 8: Cho tam giac ABC. Chng minh rang: uu u u u u r u r uu uu uu ur ur ur ur ur uu ur G la trong tam tam giac ABC GA + GB + GC = 0 MA + MB + MC = 3MG . Bai 9: Cho tam giac ABC noi tiep ng tron tam O, H la trc tam cua tam giac, D la iem oi xng cua A qua O. a. Chng minh t giac HCDB la hnh bnh hanh. b. Chng minh: uu uu ur ur uu uu uu uu ur ur ur ur u u uu u u u u u u ur ur ur ur ur HA + HD = 2HO , HA + HB + HC = 2HO , OA + OB + OC = OH . uu ur uu ur c. Goi G la trong tam tam giac ABC. Cm: OH = 3 OG . T o co ket luan g ve 3 iem O,H,G. Bai 10: Cho t giac ABCD. ur uu uu 1 u u u u r ur a. Goi M,N la trung iem AD, BC, chng minh: MN = AB + DC 2 uu ur uu ur uu uu r ur ur b. Goi O la iem nam tren oan MN va OM = 2ON. Cm: OA - 2 - 2 OB OC + OD = 0 Bai 11: Cho t giac ABCD. Goi I,J la trung iem cua AB va CD. uu uu uu uu ur ur ur ur ur u a. Cm: AC + BD = AD + BC = 2IJ uu u u u u u u r ur ur ur ur b. Goi G la trung iem IJ. Cm: GA + GB + GC + GD = 0 c. Goi P, Q la trung iem cac oan thang AC va BD, M va N la trung iem AD va BC. Cm ba oan thang IJ, PQ, MN co chung trung iem. Bai 12: Cho luc giac ABCDEF. Goi M,N,P,Q,R,S lan lt la trung iem cac canh AB, BC, CD, DE, EF, FA. Cmr hai tam giac MPR va NQS co cung trong tam. 4

Bai 13: Cho t giac ABCD. Goi M,N,P,Q la trung iem cac canh AB,BC,CD,DA. Cmr hai tam giac ANP va CMQ co cung trong tam. Dang 2: Tm mot iem thoa mot ang thc vecto cho trc. Phng phap tm iem M thoa mot ang thc vecto cho trc: uu uu r r B1: Bien oi ang thc a cho ve dang: AM = u , trong o A la iem co r nh, u co nh. uu uu r r B2: Dng iem M thoa AM = u . uu ur uu r ur Bai 1: Cho hai iem phan biet A va B. tm iem K sao cho: 3K A + 2K B = 0. Bai 2: Cho tam giac ABC. ur u ur r u a. Tm iem I sao cho IA + 2IB = 0 uu u u u u r ur ur ur b. Tm iem O sao cho OA + OB + OC = 0 uu ur u u uu ur ur c. Tm iem K sao cho K A + 2K B = CB uu uu ur ur uu ur r d. Tm iem M sao cho MA + MB + 2MC = 0 uu u u u u u u r ur ur ur ur Bai 3: Cho t giac ABCD. Tm iem O sao cho OA + OB + OC + OD = 0 Bai 4: Cho tam giac ABC. ur u ur r u a. Tm iem I sao cho 2IB + 3IC = 0 ur u r u u ur r u b. Tm iem J sao cho J A - J B - 2 C = 0 J uu uu uu uu ur ur ur ur c. Tm iem K sao cho K A + K B + K C = BC uu uu uu ur ur ur uu ur d. Tm iem K sao cho K A + K B + K C = 2BC u r uu u ur uu r ur e. Tm iem L sao cho 3LA - LB + 2LC = 0 HD: uu uu uu ur ur ur uu ur c. Goi G la trong tam tam giac ABC, khi o vi moi K ta co: K A + K B + K C = 3K G u r uu u u r uu u ur uu u ur uu ur ur ur e. 3LA - LB + 2LC = (LA - LB ) + 2(LA + LC ) . Sau o ap dung quy tac 3 iem va he thc trung iem. Dang 3: Phan tch mot vecto theo hai vecto khong cung phng. Phng phap: Ap dung cac kien thc: uu uu uu ur ur ur Quy tac 3 iem: AB = AO + OB (phep cong) u u u u uu ur ur ur AB = OB - OA (phep tr) Quy tac ng cheo hnh bnh hanh: Neu ABCD la hnh bnh hanh th uu uu uu ur ur ur AC = AB + AD ur ur r u u Tnh chat trung iem: I la trung iem AB IA + IB = 0 uu uu ur ur uu ur MA + MB = 2MI (M bat ky) uu u u u u r ur ur ur Tnh chat trong tam: G la trong tam D ABC GA + GB + GC = 0 uu uu uu ur ur ur uu ur MA + MB + MC = 3MG (M bat ky) Bai 1: Cho tam giac ABC co trong tam G. Cho cac iem D,E,F lan lt la trung iem cac canh BC, CA, AB. I la giao iem AD va EF. Hay phan tch cac vecto ur u u u u u u u ur ur u r uu uu ur ur AI , AG, DE , DC theo hai vecto AE , AF . uu ur uu ur Bai 2: Cho tam giac ABC. iem M tren canh BC sao cho MB = 3MC . Hay phan uu uu ur u r uu uu r tch vecto AM theo hai vecto AB, AC . Bai 3: Cho tam giac ABC. iem M tren canh BC sao cho MB = 2MC. Hay phan tch uu uu ur u r u ur uu vecto AM theo hai vecto AB, AC . 5

Bai 4: Cho AK va BM la hai trung tuyen cua tam giac ABC. Hay phan tch cac uu uu ur ur ur u uu uu ur u r vecto AB, BC ,CA theo hai vecto AK , BM . Bai 5: Cho tam giac ABC vi trong tam G. Goi I la trung iem cua oan AG, K u r u u ur u u u u r u ur u r uu u ur 1 la iem tren canh AB sao cho AK = AB . Hay phan tch AI , AK ,CI ,CK theo CA,CB . 5 Bai 6: Cho luc giac eu ABCDEF tam O canh a. uu uu ur ur uu ur a. Phan tch vecto AD theo hai vecto AB, AF . ur ur r 1u u 1u u b. Tnh o dai u = AB + BC theo a. 2 2 uu uu ur u r uu uu r Bai 7: Cho tam giac ABC co trung tuyen AM. Phan tch AM theo hai vecto AB, AC . Bai 8: Cho tam giac ABC. Goi M la trung iem AB, N la iem tren canh AC sao uu uu ur u r uu ur cho NA = 2NC. Goi K la trung iem MN. Phan tch vecto AK theo AB, AC . Bai 9: Cho tam giac ABC. Goi M la trung iem AB, N la iem tren canh AC sao cho NC = 2NA. Goi K la trung iem MN. uu uu ur u r uu ur a. Phan tch vecto AK theo AB, AC . ur ur u u 1u u 1u u ur b. Goi D la trung iem BC. Cm: K D = AB + AC . 4 3 Bai 10: Cho tam giac ABC. Goi M,N,P la trung iem BC,CA,AB. Tnh cac vecto uu uu ur ur ur u u u uu ur ur AB, BC ,CA theo cac vecto BN ,CP uu ur Bai 11: Cho hnh vuong ABCD, E la trung iem CD. Hay phan tch AE theo hai uu uu ur ur vecto AD, AB . Bai 12: Cho tam giac ABC, goi G la trong tam va H la iem oi xng cua B qua G. uu ur 2 u u 1 u u ur ur a. Chng minh: AH = AC - AB 3 3 ur ur uu ur 1 uu uu BH = AB + AC 3 ur ur uu uu 1 u u 5 u u r b. Goi M la trung iem BC, chng minh: MH = AC - AB 6 6 uu r uu r ur ur Bai 13: Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD, tam O. at AB = a, AD = b . Hay tnh cac vecto rr sau ay theo a,b . ur u a. AI (I la trung iem BO) uu ur b. BG (G la trong tam tam giac OCD) ur 3 r 1r u uu ur 1 r 5r BG = - a + b Ds: AI = a + b 4 4 2 6 Bai 14: Cho u u u u u u u u u ur trng tm. B 1 i xng vi B qua G. M l trung im BC. Hy biu din tam gic ABC v G l uu uu ur ur u u ur ur u r u r u u ur cc vc t AM , AG, BC, CB1, AB1, MB1 qua hai vc t AB, AC . Bai 15: Cho tam gic ABC, gi I l im trn cnh BC sao cho 2CI = 3BI v J thuc BC ko di sao cho 5JB = 2JC. ur u r u u uu uu ur ur uu uu ur ur ur u r u u a) Tnh AI , AJ theo hai vc t AB, AC . T biu din AB, AC theo AI , AJ . ur u r u u uu ur b) Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC. Tnh AG theo AI , AJ . Dang 4: Chng minh ba iem thang hang

uu ur uu ur Phng phap: Ba iem A,B,C thang hang AB = k.AC 6

Bai 1 : Cho tam giac ABC co AM la trung tuyen. Goi I la trung iem AM va K la mot iem tren canh AC sao cho AK = AC. 3 uu u u ur ur u u ur ur u a. Phan tch vecto BK , BI theo hai vecto BA, BC b. Chng minh ba iem B, I, K thang hang Bai 2 : Cho tam giac ABC. Hai iem M, N c xac nh bi cac he thc B + A = ; A N 3 A = . Chng minh MN // AC C M O B A C O 4 :TRUC TOA O VA HE TRUC TOA O : A. TOM TAT LY THUYET : Truc la ng thang tren o xac nh iem O va 1 vect i co o dai bang 1. r Ky hieu truc (O; i ) hoac xOx cua AB He truc toa o vuong goc gom 2 truc Ox Oy. Ky hieu Oxy hoac (O; r r i; j) oi vi he truc (O; i ; j ), neu a =x i +y j th (x;y) la toa o cua a . Ky hieu a = (x;y) r r Cho a = (x;y) ; b = (x;y) ta co r r a b = (x x;y y) A,B nam tren truc (O; i ) th AB = AB i . Khi o AB goi la o dai ai so
1

r r

r r r r b cung phng a ( a 0 ) khi va ch khi co so k thoa x=kx va

y= ky Cho M(xM ; yM) va N(xN ; yN) ta co P la trung iem MN th xp =

k a =(kx ; ky) ; k R

uu uu r MN = (xM xN ; yM yN)

xM + x N y + yN va yP = M 2 2 x A + xB + xC va yG = 3

Neu G la trong tam tam giac ABC th xG =

y A + yB + yC 2
B. NOI DUNG BAI TAP : B1 : BAI TAP TRAC NGHIEM

Cau 1: Cho a =(1 ; 2) va b = (3 ; 4). Vec t m = 2 a +3 b co toa o la u r u r u r u r a) m =( 10 ; 12) b) m =( 11 ; 16) c) m =( 12 ; 15) d) m = ( 13 ; 14) 7

u r

Cau 2: Cho tam giac ABC vi A( -3 ; 6) ; B ( 9 ; -10) va G( Toa o C la : a) C( 5 ; -4) b) C( 5 ; 4) c) C( -5 ; 4)

1 3

; 0) la trong tam . d) C( -5 ; -4)

Cau 3: Cho A(m - 1; 2) , B(2;5-2m) C(m-3;4). Tm gia tr cua m e A ; B ; C thang hang a) m = 2 b) m = 3 c) m = -2 d) m = 1 Cau 4: Cho tam giac ABC vi A ( 3; -1) ; B(-4;2) ; C(4; 3). Tm D e ABDC la hbh a) D( 3;6) b) D(-3;6) c) D( 3;-6) d) D(-3;-6) Cau 5 :Cho a =3 i -4 j va b = i - j . Tm phat bieu sai : a) a = 5

r r r b) b = 0

c) a - b =( 2 ; -3)

d) b =

2
Cau 6: Cho A(3 ; -2) ; B (-5 ; 4) va C( a) x = 3 b) x = -3 1 ; 0) . Ta co AB = x AC th gia tr x la d) x = -4

uu ur

uu ur

3 c) x = 2

Cau 7: Cho a =(4 ; -m) ; b =(2m+6 ; 1). Tm tat ca cac gia tr cua m e 2 vect cung phng a) m=1 m = -1 b) m=2 m = -1 c) m=-2 m = -1 d) m=1 m = -2 Cau 8: Cho tam giac ABC co A(1 ; 2) ; B( 5 ; 2) va C(1 ; -3) co tam ng tron ngoai tiep I la 1 1 1 a) I = (3 ; ) b)I = (3 ; -1) c) I = (-3 ; ) d) I = (3 ; ) 2 2 r 2 r r r r r Cau 9:Cho a =( 1 ; 2) va b = (3 ; 4) ; cho c = 4 a - b th toa o cua c la : r r r r a) c =( -1 ; 4) b) c =( 4 ; 1) c) c =(1 ; 4) d) c =( -1 ; -4) Cau 10:Cho tam giac ABC vi A( -5 ; 6) ; B (-4 ; -1) va C(4 ; 3). Tm D e ABCD la hnh bnh hanh a) D(3 ; 10) b) D(3 ; -10) c) D(-3 ; 10) d) D(-3 ; -10) B2 :T LUAN : Bai 1: Bai tap SGK :29 en 36 TRANG 30, 31 SGK nang cao Bai 2 : Cho tam giac ABC . Cac iem M(1; 0) , N(2; 2) , p(-1;3) lan lt la trung iem cac canh BC, CA, AB. Tm toa o cac nh cua tam giac Bai 3 : Cho A(1; 1); B(3; 2); C(m+4; 2m+1). Tm m e 3 iem A, B, C thang hang

Bai 4 : Cho tam giac eu ABC canh a . Chon he truc toa o (O; i ; O la trung iem BC, i cung hng vi O , j cung hng O . C A a) Tnh toa o cua cac nh cua tam giac ABC b) Tm toa o trung iem E cua AC c) Tm toa o tam ng tron ngoai tiep tam giac ABC

), trong o

Bai 5 : Cho luc giac eu ABCDEF. Chon he truc toa o (O; i ; j ), trong o O la tam luc giac eu , i cung hng vi O , j cung hng E . D C Tnh toa o cac nh luc giac eu , biet canh cua luc giac la 6 . Bai 6:Cho A(-1; a) b) c) d) 2), B (3; -4), C(5;u Tm toa o iem D neu biet: ur u 0). r uu ur uu ur 0 AD 2 BD + 3 CD = u u ur uu ur uu ur uu ur AD 2 AB = 2 BD + BC ABCD hnh bnh hanh ABCD hnh thang co hai ay la BC, AD vi BC = 2AD

Bai 7 :Cho hai iem I(1; -3), J(-2; 4) chia oan AB thanh ba oan bang nhau AI = IJ = JB a) Tm toa o cua A, B b) Tm toa o cua iem I oi xng vi I qua B c) Tm toa o cua C, D biet ABCD hnh bnh hanh tam K(5, -6) r r r Bai 8: Cho a =(2; 1) ; b =( 3 ; 4) va c =(7; 2) r r r r a) Tm toa o cua vect u = 2 a - 3 b + c r r r r r b) Tm toa o cua vect x thoa x + a = b - c r r r c) Tm cac so m ; n thoa c = m a + n b BAI TAP ON TAP CHNG I Bai 1:Bai tap SGK trang 35, 36, 37, 38 sach nang cao Bai 2:Tam giac ABC la tam giac g neu no thoa man mot trong cac ieu kien sau ? B A A A a) A + C = B C B C B A b) Vect A +A vuong goc vi vect A +C Bai 2 :T giac ABCD la hnh g neu no thoa man mot trong cac ieu kien sau ? C B D a) A C = C B m C D b) D = D + A Bai 3:Cho tam giac ABC , vi moi so thc k ta xac nh cac iem A , B sao A k C , B '= C B k A . Tm qu tch trong tam G cua trung iem ABC. cho A ' = B Bai 4: Cho t giac ABCD . Cac iem M,, N, P va Q lan lt la trung iem AB, BC, CD va DA . Chng minh hai tam giac ANP va CMQ co cung trong tam Bai 5: :Cho tam giac ABC va mot iem M tuy y , Chng minh vect v = A +M 2 M M B C khong phu thuoc vao v tr cua iem M. Hay dng iem D D v sao cho C = 9

Bai 6: Cho tam giac ABC noi tiep trong ng tron tam O, H la trc tam tam giac , D la iem oi xng cua A qua O. a) Chng minh t giac HCDB la hnh bnh hanh uu uu uu ur ur ur b) Chng minh : HA + HD = 2HO uu uu uu uu ur ur ur ur HA + HB + HC= 2HO uu uu uu uu ur ur ur ur OA +OB + OC= OH H G c) Goi G la trong tam tam giac ABC. Chng minh O =3O . T o ket luan g ve 3 iem G, H, O Bai 7: Cho hai hnh bnh hanh ABCD va ABCD co chung nh A. Chng minh : B C D 0 a) B ' + ' C +D ' = b) Hai tam giac BCD va BCD co cung trong tam

Chng II: TCH VO HNG CUAHAI VECT VA NG DUNG 1: GIA TR LNG GIAC CUA MOT GOC BAT KY 1800) A.TOM TAT LY THUYET nh ngha : Tren na dng tron n v lay iem M thoa goc xOM = va M( x ; y) *. sin goc la y; ky hieu sin = y *. cos goc la x0; ky hieu cos = y0 *. tang goc la y x ( x 0); ky hieu tan = y x ( T 00 en

10

*. cotang goc la

x y

( y 0); ky hieu cot =

x y

Bang gia tr lng giac cua cac goc ac biet 00 Sin Cos tan Cot 0 300
1 2
3 2 3 3 3

450
2 2 2 2

600
3 2

900 1

1 2
3 3 3

Hai goc bu nhau:

Sin( 1800- ) = sin Cos ( 1800-) = - cos Tan (1800-) = - Tan ( 900) Cot ( 1800-) = - Cot ( 0 << 1800) B.V DU V du 1: Tnh gia tr lng giac cua goc a. b. 45
0

1200 Giai:

a. Sin 450 = b. Sin 1200 =

2 , cos 450 = 2

2 , tan 450=1, cot 450 = 1 2 3 , cot1200= 3 3

1 3 , cos 1200 = - , tan1200 = 2 2

V du 2: Tnh gia tr bieu thc A = Cos 200 + cos 800+ cos 1000+ cos1600 Giai: A = Cos 200+ cos 800 + (-cos 800) + ( - cos 200) C : BAI TAP 11 =0

Bai 1: Tnh gia tr bieu thc: a. b. A=( 2sin 300 + cos 135
0

3 tan 1500)( cos 1800 -cot 600)

B= sin2900 + cos 21200- cos200- tan2600+ cot21350

Bai 2: n gian cac bieu thc: a) A= Sin 1000 + sin 800+ cos 160 + cos 1640 b) B= 2 Sin (1800- ) cot - cos(1800- ) tan cot(1800- ) . (Vi 00< <900) Bai 3 : a) Chng minh rang sin2x +cos2x = 1 ( 00 x 1800) b)Tnh sinx khi cosx = 3 5 2 3 1 cos x 1 sin x
2 2

c) Tnh sinx.cosx neu sinx cosx = d) Chng minh rang 1 + tan2 x = e) Chng minh rang 1 + cot2 x =

( Vi x 900 ) ( Vi 00 < x < 18000 )

Bai 4 : Tnh gia tr bieu thc: A = cos 00 + cos100 + cos200 + . . . . . . + cos 1700 B= cos21200 - sin21500 +2 tan1350 Bai 5: Cho tam giac ABC , Chng minh rang a) b) c) sin(A + B)sin(B + C)sin(C + A) = sinAsinBsinC cos(A + C) + cos B = 0 tan( A C) + tan( B + 2C) = 0

Bai 6: Cho tam giac eu ABC co trong tam G . Tnh goc gia a) AB va AC d) GB va GC

ur u

ur u

ur u

ur u

b) AB va BC

ur u

ur u

c) GA va AC

uu ur

ur u

c) AG va BC

uu u r

ur u

12

2: TCH VO HNG 2 VECT A. TOM TAT LY THUYET:

Cho OA = a va OB = b r r Ky hieu ( a ; b )

uu u r

ur u r

. Khi o goc AOB la goc giua 2 vect a va b

Neu a = 0 hoac b= 0 th goc ( a ; b ) tuy y Neu ( a ; b ) = 900 ta ky hieu a b

ab= a b cs a b . o( , )

r r r

r r

Bnh phng vo hng a 2 = a

Cac quy tac: Cho a b c ; k R

a. b

= b. a = 0 <=>
a

( Tnh giao hoan) b

a. b

(k a , b = k ( a b )
a

tr )

( b

c)

a b a c

(Tnh chat phan phoi oi vi phep cong va

Phng tch cua mot iem oi vi mot ng tron Cho ng tron (O,R) va mot iem M co nh, Mot ng thang thay oi, luon i qua iem M cat ng tron (O,R) tai A, B Phng tch cua iem M, oi vi ng tron (O,R): k hieu: P M/(O) uu uu ur ur P M/(O) = MO2 R2 = MA.MB Neu M ngoai ng tron (O,R), MT la tiep tuyen th P M/(O) = MT2 Bieu thc toa o cua tch vo hng Cho a = (x, y) , b = (x', y') ; M(xM, yM), N(xN, yN); ta co

a . b = x.x' + y.y'

|a | =

x2 + y 2

Cos ( a , b ) =

xx '+ yy ' x + y 2 . x ' 2 + y '2

2

13

ab

xx' + yy' = 0

MN = | MN | =

( xM _ x N ) 2 + ( y M _ y N ) 2

B : CAC V DU : V du 1: Cho a = (1, 2), b = (-1, m) a) Tm m e a , b vuong goc b) Tnh o dai a , b ; tm m e | a | = | b | Giai
1 a) a b -1 + 2m = 0 m = 2

b) | a | = |b | =

1+ 4 =

1+m2

| a | = | b | 5 = 1 + m2 m = 2

V du2: cho eu ABC canh a va trong tam G; tnh

C C B G B C G A C A . A ; A . C ; A . A ; G . G ; B . GA ; G . B B B

Giai
0 C A . A = a.a cos 60 = B

1 2 a 2
1 2 a 2

A .C C B A G

= a.a cos 1200 = -

.A = B =

a 3 1 a cos300 = a2 3 2

G G B C

a2 a 3a 3 cos1200 = 3 3 6
a 3a 3 a2 cos600 = 3 3 6

B GA = G G B A C

=0 v G B A C

V du 3: Trong Mp oxy cho 2 iem M(-2;2),N(4,1) 14

a)Tm tren truc ox iem P cach eu 2 iem M,N b)Tnh cos cua goc MON Giai a) p ox => P( xp,0) MP = NP <=> MP2 = NP2 <=> (xp +2)2 + 22 = ( xp -2)2 + 12 Vay P ( b)
3 ,0) 4

O M =(-2,2), O =(4, ) N 1

Cos MON = cos( O , O )= M N C. BAI TAP: A. Trac nghiem :

- 2.4 +2.1 =8. 1 7

3 34

Cau 1: Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A, AB = a ; BC = 2a uu u u u ur r * Tnh tch vo hng CA . CB a) a2 b) 3a2

uu u u u ur r * Tnh tch vo hng BA . BC

a) a2 b) a2 3

c) a2 3

d)

1 2

a2

c) - a2

d)

1 2

a2

r r r r Cau 2: Cho a =(3; -1) va b =(-1; 2). Khi o goc gia a va b la a) 300 b) 450 c) 1350 d) 900 r r r r Cau 3:Cho a =( 2 ; 5) va b = (3 ; -7). Khi o goc gia a va b la a) 450 b) 300 c) 1350 d) 1200 Cau 4: Cho A(m - 1; 2) , B(2;5-2m) C(m-3;4). Tm gia tr cua m e A ; B ; C thang hang a) m = 2 b) m = 3 c) m = -2 d) m = 1 Cau 5: Cho tam giac ABC vi A ( 3; -1) ; B(-4;2) ; C(4; 3). Tm D e ABDC la hbh a) D( 3;6) b) D(-3;6) c) D( 3;-6) d) D(-3;-6) Cau 6: Cho tam giac ABC vi A ( -2; 8) ; B(-6;1) ; C(0; 4). Tam giac ABC la tam giac g a) Can b)Vuong can c) Vuong d)eu uu ur uu ur Cau 7: Cho AB =(2x - 5 ; 2) ; AC =(3 x; -2). nh x e A , B , C thang hang a) x = 2 b) x = -2 c) x = 1 d) x = -1 Cau 8: Cho tam giac eu ABC co trong tam G. Phat bieu nao ung 15

a) AB = A C

b) A = G

2 A C 3

c) A . AB = A A G G C

d) G A

+G B

+ G C

= 02

Cau 9:Cho (O,5), iem I ngoai (O), ve cat tuyen IAB vi IA = 9, IB = 16 a) IO= 13 b) IO= 12 c) IO= 10 d) IO= 15 C au 10: Cho A( 1;4) ;B(3 ; -6) ; C(5;4). Tm ta tm I ng trn ngoi tip ABC: a) I(2;5) b) I(
3 ; 2) 2

c)I(9; 10)

d)I(3;4)

Cau 11:ng tron qua 3 iem A(1;2) ; B(5;2) C(1 ; -3) co tam I la : a) I( 2; 1) b) I( -2; 1) c) I( 3; -0.5) d) I( 2; -0.5) Cau 12: Phat bieu nao la sai a) Neu AB = A th | AB | =| A | C C c) AB . A = BA . C C A b) Neu a b = a . c th b = c d) AB - C = D - BA D C

Cau 13: Cho tam giac eu ABC canh a, trong tam la G. Phat bieu nao la ung a) AB = A b) | AB + A | = 2a c) AB . A = a2 d) A . B = 0 C C C G C Cau 14: Cho hnh vuong ABCD canh a .Ket qua nao ung a) AB . A = a2 b) AB . AD = a2 c) A . B = 2a2 C C D = 0 d) AB . C D

Cau 15:Cho (O,30), iem I ngoai (O), ve cat tuyen IAB vi IA = 54, IB = 96 a) IO= 69 b) IO= 78 c) IO=84 d) IO=81 Cau 16:Ch ra cong thc ung a) a| Cau 17 : Cho tam giac eu ABC canh a.Tch vo hng AB . B nhan ket qua C nao a) a2
3 2

= a

b)

= | a|

c)

= a

d)

= |

b) -

c)

d)

a2

Cau 18:Cho AB . C = AB. CD th phat bieu nao sau ay la ung: D a) AB ngc hng C b) A, B, C, D thang hang D c) AB cung hng C d) AB = C D D Cu19: Cho A(2;3) ; B(9;4) ; C(5;m) Tam gic ABC vung ti C th gi tr ca m l : a) m = 1 hay m = 6 b) m = 0 hay m = 7 c) m = 0 hay m = -7 d) m = 1 hay m = 7 r r r r Cau 20: Cho a =(m2 -2m+2 ; 3m-5), b =(2;1) . Tm gia tr cua m e a b

16

a) m = 1 ung

b)m = -

1 2

c)m = 1 hoac m = -

1 2

d) Ca a ; b ; c eu

r r r r Cau 21: Cho a =(4;3) va b =(1;7). Khi o goc gia 2 vec t ( a , b ) la : a) 300 b) 450 c) 600 d) Ket qua khac Cau 22: Cho tam giac eu ABC canh a co G la trong tam: *. Phng tch cua G vi ng tron ng knh BC a) -

a2 6

b)

*. Phng tch cua A vi ng tron ng knh BC a)

a2 4 a2 4

c) -

a2 3

d) -

a2 2

a2 2

b)

c) a2

d)

3a 2 4

Cau 23: Cho hnh vuong ABCD tam O canh a: *. Phng tch cua A vi ng tron ng knh CD a) a b)a2 c)2a2 d)

*. Phng tch cua A vi ng tron tam C co ban knh = a

a 2

a2 a) 2
B.T luan

a2 b) 4

c) a2

d) 2a2

Bai 1: Cho tam giac ABC vi A ( 1; 1) ; B(2;3) ; C(5; -1). a) Chng minh rang tam giac vuong b) Xac nh tam ng tron ngoai tiep c) Tnh dien tch tam giac va dien tch ng tron ngoai tiep tam giac Bai 2: Cho A (-1 ; -1) va B (5; 6) a) Tm M xOx e tam giac ABM can tai M b) Tm N yOy e tam giac ABN vuong tai N c) Xac nh H,K e ABHK la hnh bnh hanh nhan J(1;4) lam tam uu ur uu ur uu ur d) Xac nh C thoa 3 AC - 4 BC = 2 AB e) Tm G sao cho O la trong tam tam giac ABG ur ur ur u u u f) Xac nh I xOx e | IA + IB + IN | at gia tr nho nhat Bai 3: Cho A(-2;1) va B(4;5) a) Tm M xOx e tam giac ABM vuong tai M b) Tm C e OACB la hnh bnh hanh r r 1 Bai 4: Cho a =( ; -5) va b =( k ; -4). Tm k e: 2 r r a) a cung phng b r r b) a vuong goc b 17

r r c) | a | = | b | r r Bai 5: Cho a =(-2; 3) ; b =( 4 ; 1) r r r r r r r r r r a) Tnh cosin goc hp bi a va b ; a va i ; a va j ; a + b va a - b r r r r b) Tm so m va n sao cho m a +n b vuong goc a + b r r r r r c) Tm d biet a . d = 4 va b . d = -2 Bai 6: Cho tam giac ABC vi A ( -4; 1) ; B(2;4) ; C(2; -2). a) Tam giac ABC la tam giac g . Tnh dien tch tam giac b) Goi G , H , I la trong tam , trc tam va tam ng tron ngoai tiep cua tam giac. uu ur ur u r Tnh G, H , I va CMR GH +2 GI = 0 Bai 7: Cho tam giac ABC co A (-2 ; 2) , B(6 ; 6) , C(2 ; -2) a) Chng minh rang A ; B ; C khong thang hang b) Tm toa o iem D e ABCD la hnh bnh hanh c) Tm iem M truc xOx e tam giac ABM vuong tai B d) Tam giac ABC la tam giac g ? e)Tm toa o trc tam H cua tam giac ABC Bai 8: Cho ABC co AB=7, AC=5, A = 1200 a) Tnh A . A , A . B C C B B b) Tnh o dai trung tuyen AM (M la trung iem BC) Bai 9: Cho 4 iem bat ky A,B,C.D: chng minh rang:
C D B + D C + D A =0 A C B A B

T o suy ra mot cach chng minh nh ly 3 ng cao cua mot tam giac ong quy Bai 10: Cho ABC co 3 trung tuyen AD, BE,CF; CMR:
B C A D

+ C B + A C =0 A E B F

Bai 11 : Cho ABC co AC= b, AB= c, goc BAC = va AD la phan giac cua goc BAC ( D thuoc canh BC) a) Hay bieu th A qua A , A C D B b) Tnh o dai oan AD 5) Cho 2 iem M,N nam tren ng tron ng knh AB= 2 R, AM BN =I a) Chng minh: A A = A A M I B I
B N B I

=B B A I 18

b) Tnh A A + B B theo R N M I I

Bai 11: Cho oan AB co nh, AB= 2a, k IR, Tm tap hp iem M sao cho: a) M M = k A B b) MA2 - MB2 = k2 Bai 12: T ien M ngoai t (0) ve cac tuyen MAB vi t (0) (A,B (0) ; 2 tiep tuyen tai A,B cua ng tron (0) cat nhau tai I, IO AB tai D; ng thang qua I va vuong goc vi MO tai H va lan lt cat AB tai C; cat ng tron (0) tai E, F Chng minh : a. M .M =M .M A B C D b. OF2 = O .O H M c. IE .I F =IC .IH d. PM/(ICD) + PI/(MCH) = IM2 ( (ICD), (MCH) : ng tron ngoai tiep: : ICD, MCH) Bai 13:. Cho hai ng thang AB va CD cat nhau tai M chng minh rang 4 iem A,B,C,D cung thuoc mot ng tron khi va ch khi M .M =M .M A B C D
1 Bai 14:. Trong mat phang toa o cho u = i - 5 j 2

va v =k i - 4 j Tm cac gia tr cua k e : a. u v Bai 15:. Cho = (-2, 3), a b

b.

u =v

= (4,1)

a. Tim cosin cua goc gia moi cap vect sau : * va , va i , a + va a - a b a b b b. Tm cac so k va l sao cho c = k a c. Tm vect d

+ l Vuong goc vi a + b b

rr ad = 4 . biet r r b.d = 2

Bai 16:. Cho hai iem A (-3,2) B(4,3) tm toa o cua a. iem M ox sao cho MAB vuong tai M b. iem N oy sao cho NA = NB 19

c. iem K oy sao cho3 iem A,K,B thang hang d. iem C sao cho ABC vuong can tai C Bai 17:. Cho 3 iem A (-1,1) B(3,1), C(2,4) a. Tnh chu vi va dien tch ABC b. Goi A la hnh chieu vuong goc cua A tren BC; tm toa o A c. Tm toa o trc tam H, trong tam G, va tam I ng tron ngoai tiep ABC; t o chng minh 3 iem I,H,G thang hang. Bai 18:. Cho 4 iem A (-8,0) B(0,4), C(2,0) D (-3,-5) chng minh 4 iem A,B,C,D cung thuoc mot ng tron Bai 19:. Biet A(1,-1), B (3,0) la hai nh cua hnh vuong ABCD; tm toa o cac nh C va D. Bai 20: Cho M co nh ngoai dng tron (O,R) ,ve cat tuyen MAB va 2 tiep tuyen CT va CT. Goi D la giao iem cua TT va AB. H va I lan lt la trung iem cua cua TT va AB a) CMR : M . M = M M = M M O A B H I D b) Cho AB = 8 cm. Goi (C1) la ng tron tam A, ban knh = 4 cm, (C2) la ng tron tam B, ban knh = 3cm. Tm tap hp N thoa P N/(C1) + P N/(C2) = 15 Bai 21: Cho (O;7), iem I thoa OI =11. Qua I ve 2 cat tuyen IAB va ICD Cho IA = 12, tnh IB Cho CD = 1; tnh IC ; ID Bai 22: iem I nam trong (O;R), qua I ve 2 day AB va CD. Tnh IC ; ID a) IA = 12 ; IB = 16 ; CD = 32 IC 3 = b) IA =12 ; IB = 18 ; ID 8 Bai 23: Cho (O;20) OM = 30, ve tiep tuyen MT va cat tuyen MAB . Cho AB = 5 a) Tnh MT ; MA ; MB b) ng tron ngoai tiep AOB cat MO tai E. Tnh OE Bai 24: Cho (O;30); I ngoai ng tron , ve 2 cat tuyen IAB va ICD ; tiep tuyen IT. ng thang IO cat ng tron tai E va F . Cho IA = 54 ; IB = 96; IC = 64. Tnh ID ; IT ; IO ; IE ; IF Bai 25: Cho tam giac ABC co 3 ng cao AA ; BB ; CC ong quy tai H CMR : HA. HA ' = HB . HB ' = HC . HC ' Bai 26:Hai ng tron (O) va (O) cat nhau tai A va B. M la 1 iem tren canh AB keo dai. Qua M lan lt ve 2 tiep tuyen MT, MT, 2 cat tuyen MCD, MCD oi vi (O) va (O) 20

CMR MT = MT va CDDC noi tiep Bai 27: Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A va ng cao AH. Tren ng tron tam C, ban knh CA lay iem M ( khong tren ng BC keo dai). CMR ng thang CM tiep xuc vi (BHM) Bai 28: tam giac ABC noi tiep trong (O), M la trung iem BC. ng tron ngoai tiep tam giac AOM cat ng thang BC tai 1 iem th 2 la E va cat (O) tai D. AD cat BC tai F.Chng minh rang: a) FB . FC = FE .FM b) EB . EC = EF . EM c) EA tiep xuc vi (O) va ng tron ngoai tiep tam giac AMF Bai 29: Cho P nam ngoai (O), ve cat tuyen PAB lu ong,tiep tuyen vi (O) ve t A va B cat nhau M. Ve MH vuong goc vi OP. a) CMR : 5 iem O , A , B, M , H tren 1 ng tron b) Tm tap hp M khi PAB quay quanh P c)Goi I la trung iem AB, N la giao iem cua PAB va MH . CMR PA. PB = PI . PN Bai 30: Cho ng tron tam O ng knh AB=2R. Tren ng thang AB lay 1 3R iem M ngoai (O) sao cho MA = . T M ve tiep tuyen MT 2 a) Tnh MT theo R b) Goi TH la ng cao trong TMO. Chng minh rang : MH .MO = MA.MB c) Tnh H/(O) d)Ve cat tuyen MCD, CMR t giac CDOH noi tiep e) AD va BC cat nhau tai N. CMR : AN . AD + BN .BC = 4R2 Bai 31: Tren oan AB = 8, ve (A,4) va (B,3). Tm tap hp M thoa M/(A) +M/(B) = 15 Cho na ng tron tam O ng knh AB . M, N la 2 iem cung pha tren tiep tuyen ke t B. AM va AN cat (O) tai M1 va N1. a) CMR t giac MNN1M1 noi tiep b) Gia s AB = BN = 10; BM = 5. Tnh AM ; AM1 ; AN1 ; sin M1AN1, M1N1 Bai 32: M la 1 diem tren na ng tron ng knh AB . H la hnh chieu cua M xuong AB . ng tron g knh MH cat MA ; MB tai P,Q va cat na ng tron tai E a) CMR t giac APQB noi tiep b) CMR 3 ng AB ; PQ ; ME ong quy Bai 33: Cho 3 iem A ; B ; C thang hang theo th t. AB = 5 ; BC = 7. ng tron di ong qua A , B co tam la O. Ve 2 tiep tuyen CT ; CT. Goi D la giao iem TT vi AB. Goi H; I lan lt la trung iem cua oan TT, AB a) Tm tap hp T; T b) CMR : CA.CB = CO.CH = CI .CD c) CMR : iem D co nh. Suy ra tap hp H 21

Bai 34 : Cho ng tron tam O ng knh BC = 4; A ngoai (O), AB = 6 ; AC = 5. AC , AB cat (O) tai D va E a) Tnh AO , AE , AD b) Qua A ve AH BC va cat (O) tai F ; K. Lay M (O). Goi BMAH = I ; CMAH =J Chng minh rang IF . IK = IH . IJ Bai 35: Cho 2 ng tron (O;10) ; (O;20) tiep xuc ngoai tai A. Tiep tuyen chung BB cat OO tai I va cat tiep tuyen chung qua A tai M a) Tnh IO ; IO ; IB ; IB b) CMR: IA2 = IB.IB. Suy ra OO tiep xuc ng tron ng knh BB c) CMR : IM2 = IO.IO. Suy ra BB tiep xuc ng tron ng knh OO

3 :

HE THC LNG TRONG TAM GIAC

A. TOM TAT LY THUYET : Cac ky hieu trong ABC o dai : BC = a, CA = b, AB = c

A

ma, mb, mc : o dai trung tuyen ng vi nh A,B,C ha, hb, hc : o dai ng cao ng vi nh A,B,C P=
a +b +c : na chu vi ABC 2
B

ha

ma

S : dien tch tam giac nh ly Cosin : a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cos A nh ly sin :

a b c = = =2R sinA sinB sinc
m2 = a 2b2 +2c2 - a2 4

R,r : ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep, noi tiep .

Cong thc trung tuyen : Cong thc tnh dien tch a. S = b. S =

1 2 1 2

a.ha =

1 2

b.hb =
1 2

1 2

c.hc
1 2

b.c. sinA =

c.a. sinB =

a.b. sinC

22

c. S =

abc 4R

d. S = p.r e. S =
p - a (p - h (p ) )(p - c)

( Cong thc He rong)

B . V DU : Cho ABC co a = 7, b = 8, c = 5; tnh : A, S, ha, R, r, ma Giai : a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cosA 49 = 64 + 25 - 2.8.5 cos A Cos A = A = 600 S = b.c.sinA = 8.5.
3 =10 3 2

S = a.ha ha = S=

2S 20 3 = a 7

abc abc 7 3 = R = 4R 4S 3
S

S = p.r r = p = 3
2 m= a

2b2 +2c2 - a2 129 = ma = 4 4

129 2

C: BAI TAP C 1: TRAC NGHIEM Cau1 : Cho tam giac ABC co a= 6 cm ; b= 2cm ; c= ( 3 + 1) cm ; *. Khi o so o goc A la a) 600 b) 450 c) 1200 d) 300 *. Khi o so o goc B la a) 600 b) 450 c) 900 d) 300 *. Ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep R la : a) 2 cm b) 3 cm c) 2 cm d) 3 cm *. Chieu cao ha la : a) (1 + 3) 2 b) (1 + 3) 2 2 23 c) (1 + 2) 2 d) 3 2

Cau2 : Cho tam giac ABC co b= 4 ; c = 5 ; goc A = 1200 th dien tch la a) S = 10 3 b) S = 5 3 c) S =5 d)S = 20 3 Cau3 : Cho tam giac ABC co b= 2 ; c = 3 ; a = a) 450 b) 600 c) 900 d)1200 th gia tr goc A la :

1 9

Cau 4: Cho tam giac ABC co a= 8 ; c= 3 ; goc B = 600. o dai canh b la bao nhieu a) b = 49 b) b= 61 c) b = 7 d)b= 97 Cau 5: Cho tam giac ABC co a= 3 ; b= 7 ; c= 8 ; goc B bang bao nhieu a) 600 b) 300 c) 450 d) 720 Cau 6: Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A co a= 10 cm ; c= 6cm ; ban knh ng tron noi tiep r la a) 2 cm b) 1 cm c) 2 cm d) 3 cm Cau 7: Cho tam giac ABC co a= 10 cm ; b= 6cm ; c= 8 cm ; ng trung tuyen AM co o dai a) 4 cm b) 5 cm c) 6cm d) 7 cm Cau 8: Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD co AB = a ; BC = a 2 va goc BAC = 450 . Dien tch hnh bnh hanh la a) 2a2 b) a2 c) a2

2 2

d) a2

Cau 9: Cho tam giac ABC co b= 8 cm ; c= 5cm va goc A = 600 . *. Canh BC la a) 14cm b) 7cm c) 12cm d) 10cm *. Dien tch tam giac : a) S = 10 2 b) S = 5 2 c) S = 10 3 d) S = 10 *. Ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep R la : a) R=

7 2 3
20 3

b) R =

7 3 3
20 3

c)R =

*. Chieu cao ha la : a) ha= = 10 3

7 2 2
c) ha = 10 3

d) R = 7 3

b) ha=

d) ha

C2 : T LUAN Bai 1: Cho tam giac ABC 1) a=5 ; b = 6 ; c = 7. Tnh S, ha, hb , hc . R, r 2) a= 2 3 ; b= 2 2 ; c= 6 - 2 . Tnh 3 goc 24

3) b=8; c=5; goc A = 600. Tnh S , R , r , ha , ma 4) a=21; b= 17;c =10.Tnh S, R , r , ha , ma 5) A = 600; hc = 3 ; R = 5 . tnh a , b, c

6) A=1200;B =450 ;R =2. tnh 3 canh 7) a = 4 , b = 3 , c = 2. Tnh SABC, suy ra SAIC ( I trung iem AB) 8) Cho goc A nhon, b = 2m 2 ,c = m , S = m2. Tnh a . la 9) C = 3 , b = 4 ; S = 3 3 . Tnh a 10) Neu A = 900. CMR: bc sin A *. la = A (b + c )sin 2 *.r = 1 (b + c b 2 + c 2 ) 2 bc b.cos + c.sin *. 1 1 1 1 = + + r h a hb h c

*. M BC; goc BAM = . CMR: AM = 11) Cho A=1200. CMR : 1 la = 1 1 + b c

12) CMR : *. cotA + cotB + cotC = *. tanA a 2 + c 2 b 2 = tanB b 2 + c 2 a 2

2 2 2 a +b +c R abc

b3 + c3 a3 = a2 13) b + c a a = 2b.cos C 14) S = p(p c) 15) S = 16) 17) 18)

. Tam giac ABC la tam giac g . Tam giac ABC la tam giac g

1 (a + b c)(a + c - b). Tam giac ABC la tam giac g 4

acosB = bcosA. Tam giac ABC la tam giac g mb2 +mc2 = 5ma2 . Tam giac ABC la tam giac g sin A = 2.cos C . Tam giac ABC la tam giac g sin B 5k 2 2

19) Cho AB = k . Tm tap hp M thoa MA2 + MB2 =

20) Goi G la trong tam tam giac . Chng minh rang *.GA2 + GB2 + GC2 = 1/3 (a2+ b2+ c2)

25

*. ma2 +mb2 +mc2 =

3 2 (a +b2 +c2) 4

*. 4ma2= b2 + c2 + 2bc.cosA 21) CMR S =2R2sinA.sinB.sinC S=Rr(sinA + sinB + sinC) a =b.cosC + c.cosB ha = 2RsinBsinC sinB.cosC +sinC.cosB = sinA 22) Chng minh rang giac g ? hb + hc + ha 1 2 2 2 h a hb h c r 23) Cho b + c = 2a . Chng minh rang 2 ha = 1 hb + 1 hc a + b + c 2p . Neu dau = xay ra th ABC la tam b c a
2 2 2

24) nh x e x2+x+1 ; 2x+1 ;x2 -1 la 3 canh tam giac. Khi o CMR tam giac co goc = 1200 25) ng tron noi tiep tiep xuc 3 canh tam gac tai A1;B1;C1. CMR : pr 2R
2

SA1B1C1 =

26) 2 trung tuyen BM = 6, CN = 9 va hp vi nhau 1 goc 120 0 tnh cac canh cua ABC Bai 2: Cho t giac ABCD. Goi la goc hp bi 2 ng cheo AC va BD. 1 a) CMR SABCD = AC.BD.sin 2 b) Ve hnh bnh hanh ABDC. Chng minh rang : SABCD = SACC Bai 3: Cho t giac ABCD co I, J lan lt la trung iem cua 2 ng cheo AC va BD. Chng minh rang : AB2 + BC2 +CD2 + DA2 = AC2 + BD2 + 4 IJ2 BAI TAP ON CHNG: Trac nghiem : T bai 1 en 16 trang 71 Sach nang cao T luan: T bai 1 en 12 trang 69 Sach nang cao

26