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Version -302 -401 -602 -303 -402 -602 with Documentation for Version -303 -402 -502
-402
-502
Warning
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltage will be present in certain parts of the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use or improper use may endanger personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage. Before working in the terminal strip area, the device must be isolated. Where stranded conductors are used as connecting leads, wire end ferrules must be employed. Proper and safe operation of this device depends on appropriate shipping and handling, proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and servicing. For this reason only qualified personnel may work on or operate this device.
Qualified Personnel
are individuals who o are familiar with the installation, commissioning and operation of the device and of the system to which it is being connected; o are able to perform switching operations in accordance with safety engineering standards and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and to isolate, ground and label it; o are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering standards; o are trained in emergency procedures (first aid).
Note
The operating manual for this device gives instructions for its installation, commissioning and operation. However, the manual cannot cover all conceivable circumstances or include detailed information on all topics. In the event of questions or specific problems, do not take any action without proper authorization. Contact the appropriate ALSTOM technical sales office and request the necessary information. Any agreements, commitments, and legal relationships and any obligations on the part of ALSTOM, including settlement of warranties, result solely from the applicable purchase contract, which is not affected by the contents of the operating manual.
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The special version -303 -402 -502 incorporates an extended operating frequency range for the voltage memory and the power swing blocking function in addition to the features and functions of the standard versions -302/-303 -401/-402 -602.
Distance Protection Distance and Directional Measurement The frequency range of the voltage memory is extended. The voltage memory is enabled, if the measured frequency satisfies the following condition:
Three-pole distance protection starting with and without ground initiates the start delay of the power swing blocking function. The start delay is intended to enable release in zone 1. After the settable start delay has elapsed, the device checks to determine whether the phase-to-phase voltage 1VA-B is greater than 0.1 Vnom . If this condition is satisfied, then the apparent power S is calculated from the quantities 1VA-B and IA-B . The amount of change in apparent power as referred to the apparent power at that moment is determined every 40 ms.
S1 - S 2 S2 S1: apparent power at time t1 S2: apparent power at time t1 + 40 ms If the difference is greater than the set value, a blocking signal is formed to block the distance trip for zones 1 to 5. This signal is extended by the settable release delay. Power swing blocking is blocked if the monitoring function of the voltage-measuring circuit operates.
When power swing blocking is activated, a distance trip in zones 1 to 5 is prevented if there are power swings in the network.
The following figures show the formation of distance decisions for the Zone 4 operating modes Normal, Section cable-line and Section line-cable.
These figures replace figures 29, 32 and 34 in the manual for the standard versions.
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U-2
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U3
U-4
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The new Addresses related to the Power Swing Blocking function are as follows: Setting parameters
Address Description x y Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Increment
14 14 14 14
50 52 53 54
on on on on
0 0.20 0.20 25
no / yes s s %
0.01 0.01 1
State Signals
Address Description x y Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Increment
36 32 36 58
0 / 1 0 / 1
no / yes no / yes
These state signals can be assigned to binary outputs as well as to LED indicators.
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U5
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Table of Contents
1 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9.1 3.9.2 3.9.3 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.13.1 3.13.2 3.13.3 3.14 3.15 3.15.1 3.15.2
Application and Scope Technical Data Conformity Statement General Data Tests Type Tests Routine Tests Environmental Conditions Inputs and Outputs Interfaces Information Output Settings Typical Characteristics Deviations Power Supply Operation Modular Structure Man-Machine Communication Distance Protection Starting Selection of Measured Variables Distance and Directional Measurement Impedance-Time Characteristics Measuring Circuit Monitoring Backup Overcurrent-Time Protection (BUOC or Backup DTOC) Switch on to Fault Protection Protective Signaling Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Ground Fault Direction Determination Using Steady-State Values GFD Evaluation (Ground Fault Direction) GF Evaluation (Ground Fault) Ground Fault Data Acquisition Starting Signals and Tripping Logic Overcurrent Signal Operating Data Measurement Fault Recording Fault Logging Measured Fault Data Fault Data Acquisition Self-Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis Serial Interfaces PC Interface ILSA Interface
7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 13 13 13 14 16 24 25 34 42 46 47 48 56 56 57 61 62 65 67 68 71 73 73 77 78 79 80 81
4 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.3 5.6.4 5.6.5 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.6 6.7 6.8 7 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4
Design Installation and Connection Unpacking and Packing Checking Nominal Data and Design Type Location Requirements Installation Protective and System Grounding Connection Measuring and Auxiliary Circuits Binary Control Inputs Tripping and Signaling Circuits PC Interface ILSA Interface Control Display and Keyboard Address Selection Change-Enabling Function Changing Settings Memory Readout Signal Memory Readout Monitoring Signal Memory Readout Resetting Password-Protected Control Operations Keyboard Lock Settings Device Identification Ordering Information Design Version Configuration Parameters Control Interfaces Binary Inputs Binary Outputs LED Indicators Function Parameters Global Main Functions Supplementary Functions Information and Control Functions Measured Values State Signals Counters Control and Testing
82 84 84 84 84 85 87 87 87 93 93 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 97 97 99 100 101 102 103 103 103 104 104 104 106 106 107 107 107 108 111 116 116 118 119 120
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Table of Contents
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9 10 11 12 13 14
Commissioning Troubleshooting Maintenance Storage Accessories and Spare Parts Ordering Information Appendix
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PD 521 distance protection devices are used for selective short-circuit protection in high-voltage systems. The systems can be operated with impedance grounding, with ground fault compensation or with isolated neutral. The PD 521, a single-system distance protection device, has the following protective functions:
Besides the functions listed above, as well as measuring circuit monitoring and comprehensive self-monitoring, the following functions are always available in the PD 521 for optimum fault evaluation and system management:
Measuring circuit monitoring Operating data measurement Event counting Ground fault data acquisition Time-tagged fault logging Fault data acquisition (including fault localization) Fault recording
Overcurrent fault detection logic with optional undervoltage fault detection logic Underimpedance fault detection logic with load blinding Distance measurement with selection of polygonal or circular characteristic Four distance stages, including one that can be used as a special stage Six timer stages, including two that act as backup timer stages Direction voltage memory Circuit breaker failure protection
The PD 521 has a multifunctional case design that is equally well suited to either wall surface mounting or flush panel mounting due to the reversible terminal blocks and adjustable mounting brackets. The auxiliary voltage for the power supply can be switched internally from 110-250 V DC or 100-230V AC to 24-60 V DC. The PD 521 has the following inputs and outputs:
Switch on to fault protection Backup overcurrent time protection (Backup DTOC) Protective signaling (teleprotection) Ground fault direction determination using steady-state values
o 4 current-measuring and 3 voltage-measuring inputs o 2 binary signal inputs (optical couplers) with freely configurable function assignment o 8 output relays with freely configurable function assignment Control and display: o Local control panel o 12 LED indicators, 9 of which allow freely configurable function assignment o PC interface o Optional ILSA interface Information is exchanged either through the integrated local control panel, the integrated PC interface or the optional ILSA interface. The optional ILSA interface provides a system interface for serial link-up of the numerical protection device to a central protection control unit or to a central substation control system.
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2 Technical Data
2.1 Conformity Statement Applicable to the PD 521, version 302-402/403/404-604 Article 10 of EC Directive 72/73/EC. The product designated as "PD 521 Distance Protection Device" has been developed and manufactured in conformity with the international standard EN 60255-6 and in accordance with the EMC Directive and the Low Voltage Directive issued by the European Community. 2.2 General Data Design Case suitable for surface or flush mounting Installation position Vertical 30 Degree of device protection IP 51 according to DIN VDE 0470 and EN 60529 or IEC 529 Weight Approx. 4.0 kg Dimensions and connections See Dimensional Drawings and Terminal Connection Diagrams PC interface Connector DIN 41 652, type D-Sub, 9-pin A special connecting cable is required for electrical isolation. ILSA Interface (optional) Optical fibers (-X7 and -X8): optical fiber interface F-SMA. Leads (-X9): Mini Combicon MC 1.5/5-STF-3.81 for wire cross-sections up to 1.5 mm2 flexible. Connections Threaded terminal ends M4, self-centering with wire protection for conductor crosssections from 0.5 mm to 6 mm or 2 2.5 mm Creepage distances and clearances Per EN 61010-1 or IEC 664-1 Pollution degree 3, working voltage 300 V overvoltage category III, impulse test voltage 5 kV
2.3 Tests 2.3.1 Type Tests All tests according to EN 60255-6 and DIN 57 435 Part 303 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Interference suppression According to EN 55022 and DIN VDE 0878 Part 3, class B 1 MHz burst disturbance test According to IEC 255 Part 22-1, class III Common mode test voltage: 2.5 kV Differential test voltage: 1.0 kV Test duration: >2s Source impedance: 200 W Immunity to electrostatic discharge According to EN 60801 Part 2, severity level 3 Contact discharge, Single discharges: > 10 Holding time: >5s Test voltage: 6 kV Test generator: 50 to 100 MW, 150 pF/330 W Immunity to radiated electromagnetic energy According to ENV 50140 , level 3 Antenna distance to tested device: > 1 m on all sides Test field strength, frequ. band 80 to 1000 MHz: 10 V/m Test using AM: 1 kHz / 80 % Single test at 900 MHz: AM 200 Hz / 100 % Electrical fast transient / burst requirements According to IEC 801-4, test severity level 3 Rise time of one pulse: 5 ns Impulse duration (50% value): 50 ns Amplitude: 2 kV / 1 kV Burst duration: 15 ms Burst period: 300 ms Source impedance: 50 W
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Surge immunity test According to IEC 1000-4-5, test level 3 Testing of power supply circuits, unsymmetrically / symmetrically operated lines Open-circuit voltage front time / / time to half-value: 1.2 / 50 ms Short-circuit current front time / / time to half-value: 8 / 20 ms Amplitude: 1 / 2 kV Pulse frequency: > 5 / min Source impedance: 12 / 42 W Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio frequency fields According to IEC 65A/77B (Sec) 145/110, test level 2 Disturbing test voltage: 3 V Power frequency magnetic field immunity According to EN 61000-4-8 , level 4 Frequency: 50 Hz Test field strength: 30 A/m Interruptions to and alternating component (ripple) in d.c. auxiliary energizing quantity of measuring relays According to IEC 255-11 12% / 50 ms Insulation Voltage test According to IEC 255-5 2 kV AC, 60 s For the voltage test of the power supply inputs, direct voltage (2.8 kV DC) must be used. The PC interface must not be subjected to the voltage test. Impulse voltage withstand test According to IEC 255-5 Front time: 1.2 s Time to half-value: 50 s Peak value: 5 kV Source impedance: 500 W
Mechanical Robustness Vibration test According to IEC 255-21-1 , test severity class 1 Frequency range, in operation: 10 to 60 Hz, 0.035 mm, 60 to 150 Hz, 0.5 g Frequency range, during transport: 10 to 150 Hz, 1 g Shock response and withstand test, bump test According to IEC 255-21-2 , test severity class 1 Acceleration: 5 g/15 g Pulse duration: 11 ms Seismic test According to EN 60255-21-3 , test procedure A, class 1 5 to 8 Hz, 3.5/1.5 mm, 2 8 to 35 Hz, 10/5 m/s 3 1 cycle 2.3.2 Routine Tests All tests according to EN 60255-6 and DIN 57 435 Part 303 Additional thermal test 100 % controlled thermal endurance test, inputs loaded 2.4 Environmental Conditions Allowable ambient temperatures Operating temp.: - 5 C to + 55 C (+ 23 F to + 131 F) Storage temp.: - 25 C to + 55 C (- 13 F to + 131 F) Shipping temp.: - 25 C to + 70 C (- 13 F to + 158 F) Ambient humidity range Relative humidity to preclude any condensation; 45 to 75 % (annual mean), up to 56 days at 95% and 40C (104 F)
____________________________________________ Key: For this EN, ENV or IEC standard, the DIN EN, DINV ENV or DIN IEC edition, respectively, was used in the test.
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2.5 Inputs and Outputs Measurement Inputs Current Connection to current transformers Nominal current Inom (per order): 1 A AC or 5 A AC Load rating, continuous: 4 Inom for 10 s: 30 Inom for 1 s: 100 Inom Rated surge current: 250 Inom Nominal consumption: < 0.3 VA per phase at Inom Voltage Connection to voltage transformers Nominal voltage Vnom: 100 V AC Suitable for connection to transformers with Vnom = 100 to 130 V AC Load rating, continuous: 1.5 Vnom Nominal consumption: < 0.3 VA per phase at Vnom Frequency Nominal frequency fnom: 50 Hz or 60 Hz (settable) Operating range: 0.95 to 1.05 fnom Dynamic range For the three phase currents at 1 A or 5 A: 100 Inom For the residual current at 1 A or 5 A: 10 Inom Binary Inputs (Optical Couplers) Function assignment and connections: see address list (Appendix C) and terminal connection diagrams (Appendix E) Fitted: 2 optical couplers, both freely configurable Nominal input voltage Vin,nom: 24 to 250 V DC Operating range: 0.8 to 1.1 Vin,nom with residual ripple of up to 12% of Vin,nom Current consumption per input: Vin = 19110 V DC: 0.5 W 30% Vin > 110 V DC: 5 mA 30%
Binary Outputs (Output Relays) Number, function assignment and connections: see address list (Appendix C) and terminal connection diagrams (Appendix E) Fitted: 8 output relays, all freely configurable Contact load rating: - Rated voltage: 250 V DC, 250 V AC - Continuous current: 5 A - Short-time current: 30 A for 0.5 s - Making capacity: 1000 W (VA) at L/R = 40 ms - Breaking capacity: 0.2 A at 220 V DC, L/R = 40 ms, 4 A at 220 V AC, cos j = 0.4 2.6 Interfaces Local control panel Input and output of protection data: via six keys and two four-digit displays State and fault indications: 12 LED indicators (3 permanently assigned, 9 freely configurable) Function assignment: see address list (Appendix C) PC interface Transmission rate: 300 to 9600 Baud (adjustable) For connection to a PC, a special connection cable is required (see Accessories). ILSA interface (optional) Per IEC 60870-5-103 Transmission rate: 50 to 19,200 Baud (adjustable) Plastic fiber connection optical wave length: typ. 655 nm distance to be bridged: max. 45 m Glass fiber connection G 50/125 or G 62.5/125 optical wave length: typ. 820 nm distance to be bridged: max. 2000 m Wire leads per RS 485, 2kV-isolation distance to be bridged: max. 1200 m
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2.7 Information Output Counters, measured data and indications: see address list (Appendix C) Time-Tagged Fault Logging Up to 5 faults are stored, then the oldest fault is erased. Up to 64 signals per fault can be stored, subsequent signals trigger the overflow indication. Fault counting: 0 to 9999.
2.9 Typical Characteristics Min. starting time: 25 ms Starting reset time: 30 ms 10 ms Directional sensitivity up to 2 s after general start: beginning 2 s after general start and with switch on to fault: 200 mV 20% Shortest command time: 35 ms Minimum trip command output time: 100 ms
Time-tagging: Date and time are assigned via an internal clock. Fault Data Acquisition Phase currents IA, IB, IC: to 100 Inom (IN is calculated at output) Phase-to-ground voltages VA-G, VB-G, VC-G: to 1 Vnom (VN-G is calculated at output) Resolution for sampled values 6% dynamic range: for Inom = 1 A : 6.1 mA (r.m.s.) for Inom = 5 A, : 30.5 mA or 6.1 mV (r.m.s.) Resolution for sampled values > 6% dynamic range for Inom = 1 A : 97.6 mA (r.m.s.) for Inom = 5 A, : 488 mA or 97.6 mV (r.m.s.) Time resolution: 2 ms Fault logging period Pre-fault period: 10 to 100 ms Post-fault period: 10 to 250 ms For a single fault, recording ceases after 4.35 s / 3.33 s (including the pre- and post-fault periods) at a nominal frequency of 50 Hz / 60 Hz. The maximum recording period of 4.35 s / 3.33 s can be divided between up to 5 faults. For a recording period in excess of 4.35 s / 3.33 s, the analog data of the oldest fault are erased; for a number of faults in excess of five, all data of the oldest fault are erased. Self-monitoring Up to 30 monitoring signals can be stored. 2.8 Settings Settings, ranges and increments: see address list (Appendix C)
Reset ratio for starting and measurement: 0.95 2.10 Deviations Deviations relative to the set value with sinusoidal measured variables, total harmonic distortion 2%, ambient temperature 20C and nominal auxiliary voltage VA,nom. Distance Protection Fault detector I>, IN> Setting <0,2 Inom: Deviation: 5% Setting >0,2 Inom: Deviation: 3% Influence at 20C 20 K: 0.5% Influence at fnom 5%: 0.5% Fault detector I>> Deviation: 3% Influence at 20C 20 K: 0.5% Influence at fnom 5%: 0.5% Fault detector V<, VN-G>, VN-G>> Deviation: 3% Influence at 20C 20 K: 0.5% Influence at fnom 5%: 2.0% Impedance measurement Z< Deviation at jsh = 0, 90: 3% Deviation at jsh = 30, 60: 5% Direction determination Deviation: 3 Influence at 20C 20 K: 1 Influence at fnom 5%: 8
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Backup Overcurrent Time Protection (Backup DTOC) Threshold operate value I> Deviation: 3% Influence at 20C 20 K: 1% Influence at fnom 5%: 0.2% Ground Fault Direction Determination Using Steady-State Values Threshold operate values and sector angles Deviation: 3% or 1 Influence at 20C 20 K: 1% or 1 Influence at fnom 5%: 5% or 2 Measuring Circuit Monitoring Threshold operate values Ineg, Vneg Deviation: 3% Influence at 20C 20 K: 1% Timer stages Deviation: 10 ms or 3% Influence at 20C 20 K: 1% Operating Data Measurement Deviations relative to the relevant nominal value with sinusoidal measured variables, total harmonic distortion 2%, ambient temperature 20C and nominal auxiliary voltage VA,nom. Current, voltage Deviation: 3% Influence at 20C 20 K: 1% Influence at fnom 5%: 0.2% Active and reactive power Deviation: 11% Influence at 20C 20 K: 7% Influence at fnom 5%: 6% Load angle j Deviation: 2
Fault Localization Deviation: 5% Internal Clock With free-running internal clock Deviation: < 1 min/month With synchronization via DCF77 clock Deviation: < 10 ms 2.11 Power Supply Nominal auxiliary voltage VA,nom 1 24 to 60 V DC / 110 to 250 V DC, 100 to 230 V AC (selectable using internal plug-in jumper) Operating range: 0.8 to 1.1 VA,nom with residual ripple of up to 12% VA,nom fnom: 50 Hz / 60 Hz
2
Nominal consumption at VA,nom = 220 V DC: 8 / 10 W (VA) (initial condition / operated condition) Start-up peak current for a duration of 0.25 ms: < 13 A
1 2
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3 Operation
3.1 Modular Structure The PD 521, a numerical protection device, is one of the pieces of instrumentation in Subsystem P of the Integrated Protection and Control System for Substations (ILS). The devices that are part of this system are built from identical uniform hardware modules. Figure 1 shows the basic hardware structure of the PD 521 distance protection device.
3.2 Man-Machine Communication The following interfaces are available for the exchange of information between operator and device:
Each piece of information and each parameter is coded with an address consisting of two two-digit decimal numbers x and y. Changing x or y allows selection of any desired address for display or where necessary modification of the information stored at that address. (Please refer to Chapter 6.) The addresses are standardized for all systems with the advantage that the same information is coded with the same address in each device type. The entire address range is divided into the following three groups:
Parameters: This group contains all set values including the device identification data, the configuration parameters for adapting the device interfaces to the system and the function parameters for adapting the protective function to the process. All values of this group are stored in a non-volatile memory, that is the values will be preserved even if the power supply fails. Operation: This group includes all information relevant for operation, such as measured operating values and binary signal states. This information is updated periodically and consequently is not stored. In addition, various control parameters are grouped here, for example those for resetting counters, memories and displays. Events: The third group is reserved for the recording of events. Hence all information contained in this group is stored. In particular the start/end signals during a fault, the measured fault data as well as sampled fault records are stored here and can be read out at a later time.
The input transformers and optical couplers convert the external analog and binary variables - electrically isolated to the internal processing levels. Commands and signals generated within the device are accessible via floating contacts. The external auxiliary voltage is applied to the power supply module which provides the voltages required internally.
The appendix, section C, documents the addresses of the numerical protection device PD 521. This address list is complete and thus contains all addresses used with the PD 521.
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3.3 Distance Protection The secondary phase currents and voltages of the system transformer are fed to the PD 521 and electrically isolated are converted to normalized electronics levels. The analog quantities are digitized and are thus available for further processing. Settings that do not refer to nominal quantities are converted by the PD 521 to nominal quantities. The nominal current of the PD 521 must be set for this purpose. The connection arrangement of the distance protection measuring circuit on the PD 521 must be set. (Figure 2 shows the standard connection.) The phase of the digitized phase current is rotated 180 by this setting.
From these currents (IA, IB and IC) the phase-to-phase currents IA-B, IB-C and IC-A are formed. The current with the highest magnitude (IP,max) and the current with the intermediate magnitude (IP,med) are determined from the phase currents. The ground current 1IN is calculated by summation of IA, IB and IC. The phase-to-phase voltages 1VA-B, 1VB-C and 1VC-A are formed from the digitized phase-to-ground voltages 1VA-G, 1VB-G and 1VC-G and the neutral displacement voltage 1VN-G.
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(continued)
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3 Operation
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3.3.1 Fault Detection Logic The purpose of distance protection fault detection logic is phase-selective short-circuit detection. Fault detection logic is divided into the following areas:
The fault detection logic function starts the timer stages of the trigger levels and as a function of the phaseselective fault detection decision selects the measuring loop in which the fault impedance is determined. Fault detection logic is blocked in the following cases:
if protection is disabled from the local control panel or through appropriately configured binary signal inputs; if measuring-circuit monitoring detects a fault in the voltage-measuring circuit.
The fault detection decisions of the individual areas are linked by fault detection logic. Short-circuit currents that are greater than the maximum operating load currents can be detected by overcurrent detection logic. Undervoltage detection logic is provided for short circuits that cannot be detected by overcurrent detection logic. Ground fault detection logic distinguishes between grounded and ungrounded faults.
Protection can only be deactivated or activated through binary signal inputs if the M A I N : D e a c t i v a t e p r o t . E X T and M A I N : A c t i v a t e p r o t . E X T functions are both configured. When only one or neither of the two functions is configured, this is interpreted as Protection externally activated. If the triggering signals of the binary signal inputs are implausible, as for example when they both have a logic value of 1, then the last plausible state remains stored in memory.
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Overcurrent Detection Logic Overcurrent detection logic monitors the phase currents for values in excess of the threshold values I>> and I>>>. The I>> threshold can be set. I>>> is 2 I >> . The thresholds are identical for all three phases. The output signals of the I>> trigger assume a logic value of "1" if the threshold is exceeded in two consecutive halfwaves. Overcurrent detection is delayed by the set time tI>> if the current is below 5 I>>. Thereby, false fault detection decisions caused by inrush currents on switching can be suppressed for lines with connected transformers. In the case of the I>>> trigger only one halfwave must exceed the threshold for the output signals to assume a logic value of "1."
If I>> is exceeded in one phase, then it is sufficient for overcurrent detection if I>>> is exceeded in the other phases. In this case the fault detection time is shortened since there is no longer any need to wait for the second half-wave. Evaluation of the trigger decisions is a function of the type of neutral-point treatment set in the PD 521. If isolatedneutral/resonant-grounded or short-time grounding is set, then I>> overcurrent detection occurs in the phase(s) in which the I>> threshold is exceeded. With the setting impedance-grounded the following condition must also be satisfied:
2 3
IP,max
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Ground fault detection logic monitors the average magnitude of the ground current 1IN and the neutral-point displacement voltage 1VN-G for values exceeding set thresholds.
5% of the current maximum phase current is added to the set threshold IN>, which means that the operate value of the ground current function increases with an increasing phase current level as a form of stabilization.
5 Monitoring the ground current 1IN and the neutral-point displacement voltage 1VN-G
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The ground fault detection mode is a function of the neutral-point treatment set in the PD 521.
MAIN: Neutral-point treat(ment) Low impedance-grounding Ground fault starting SG occurs with this setting when the threshold of the IN> or VN-G> trigger is exceeded. MAIN: Neutral-point treat(ment) Isolated neutral/resonant-grounding If the setting isolated neutral/resonant-grounding is selected, instantaneous starting SG occurs when there is multiple phase-to-ground fault detection if the threshold value of the IN> or VN-G> trigger is exceeded.
Even in the case of a single-phase fault, that is, in the event that only one base point is detected, ground fault starting will occur, but not until tIN> has elapsed.
MAIN: Neutral-point treat(ment) Short-duration grounding Operation in this mode corresponds to operation with the setting isolated neutral/resonant-grounding except that timer stage tIN> is started when the IN> or VN-G> trigger operates. In the case of a sustained ground fault the timer stage tIN> remains in the elapsed state due to the operating trigger VN-G>>. If the ground fault changes to a phase-to-ground fault then ground fault starting operates without delay when the threshold of the IN> or VN-G> trigger is exceeded.
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Ground Fault Starting Signals Signals are derived from ground fault detection trigger decisions. If neutral-point treatment is set for Low impedance-grounding, then the following signals are issued:
When VN-G>> is exceeded, S T A R T : V N - G > > t r i g g e r e d is signaled. By selecting the appropriate setting the user can specify whether a trip should occur after the timer stage tVN-G>> has elapsed.
Undervoltage and underimpedance detection logic are enabled by I>(Imin) in the corresponding measuring systems. In order to control contention problems when current and voltage appear at the same time (branch voltage transformers), enabling of the measuring systems is delayed by 15 ms. In isolated-neutral systems or resonant-grounded systems, one of the two phases may carry just a small load current falling below the base point current I>(Imin). In this case, the undervoltage decisions are enabled if the V< condition is met in two phases whereas the I> condition is satisfied in one phase only. This extended enabling logic will operate only for the neutral-point treatment settings Isol./reson. w. start. P-G and Shortduration grounding.
With the settings Isolated neutral/resonant-grounding or Short-duration grounding the M A I N : G r o u n d f a u l t signal is issued after tVN-G>> elapses (see Figure 6) if there is no multi-phase starting.
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Ground fault detection brings about a switch from phase-to-phase to phase-to-ground loops.
Undervoltage detection logic monitors the phase-toground voltages or the phase-to-phase voltages to determine whether they fall below the set threshold V<. Operation of undervoltage detection can be determined through selection of the operating mode. The following modes are possible:
MAIN: Neutral-point treat(ment) Isol./reson. w/o start P-G and START: Operat(ing) mode With V</Z< starting P-G,
Undervoltage detection logic is deactivated. Undervoltage detection logic evaluates only the decisions of the phase-to-ground loops, once these functions have been enabled by ground fault detection.
then when ground starting SG occurs, the phase-to-phase loops are always enabled. If no ground starting occurs, then the undervoltage detection function is blocked.
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The following values must be set in order to determine the underimpedance detection characteristic:
Underimpedance detection logic determines the impedances of the phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase loops. Operation of underimpedance detection logic as well as undervoltage detection logic can be controlled through selection of the operating mode. The following modes are possible:
Ratio Zbw/Zfw (Impedance in backward direction: Zbw Impedance in forward direction: Zfw) Phase-to-ground resistance in forward direction: Rfw P-G Phase-to-phase resistance in forward direction: Rfw P-P
Both the underimpedance and undervoltage detection logic are disabled. The underimpedance and undervoltage detection functions evaluate only the decisions of the phase-toground loops, once these functions have been enabled by ground fault detection logic. Ground fault detection brings about a switch from phase-to-phase to phase-to-ground loops.
If, on the basis of the settings, the reach in the backward direction is greater than 3 Z nom , then the range is limited
to 3 Z nom ( Z nom
= Vnom / I nom ).
If, as a special case, the following contradictory setting combination has been selected, namely
then when ground starting SG occurs, the phase-to-phase loops are always enabled. If no ground starting occurs, then the undervoltage and underimpedance detection functions are blocked. All underimpedance detection measuring loops are blocked when the trigger I>>> operates (see Overcurrent detection logic). When overcurrent or undervoltage detection logic operates, the corresponding measuring loops are blocked phase-selectively. If measurement is enabled, the loop impedance is determined and compared to ascertain that it is within the set impedance range. The loop impedance of the phaseto-ground loops is determined, depending on the setting, by using the ground current corrected by the set ground factor kG or by using twice the phase current.
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The fault detection logic links the phase-selective output signals from
Overcurrent detection logic (I>>) Ground fault detection logic Undervoltage detection logic (V<) Underimpedance detection logic (Z<)
MAIN: Transfer for 1p Ground With single-phase overcurrent detection logic, SN1 is started and transfer-tripped after the timer stage tIN> has elapsed (see "ground fault detection logic" for setting). If starting changes from single-phase overcurrent starting without ground to multi-phase starting or single-phase-to-ground starting, starting occurs instantaneously. MAIN: Transfer for 1p P or G = f(IP,med , IP,max) The decision as to whether starting in one phase or SN1 starting will be tripped is derived from the ratio IP,med / IP,max . The magnitude of the medium phase current must be more than 2/3 the magnitude of the maximum current so that the phase is transfer-tripped. If the current with the medium-sized magnitude is smaller, SN1 will be tripped after the timer stage tIN> has elapsed. If starting switches from single-phase overcurrent starting without ground to multi-phase starting or single-phase-to-ground starting, starting will be instantaneous.
to form common phase-selective starting decisions SA, SB, SC and SN1. The decisions SA, SB and SC are combined to form "distance protection starting" and thus the S T A R T : G e n e r a l s t a r t i n g signal. Ground starting alone does not bring about general starting. In the case of starting via overcurrent detection logic, single-phase starting without ground may occur. In order for the measured values for distance and directional measurement to be properly selected even in this case, either SN1 starting or starting in another phase must be triggered as well. It is possible to specify whether in the case of single-phase starting, SN1 starting will always be tripped or whether depending on the magnitude of the phase currents SN1 or starting in one phase shall be transfer-tripped.
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The PD 521 selects a measuring loop based on the phase-selective fault detection decision and the selected phase priority. The short-circuit impedance and fault direction are determined from this measuring loops voltage and current.
In the case of three-phase fault detection, either grounded or ungrounded, the minimum voltage of the phase-tophase voltages and the associated phase-to-phase current are selected as measured variables. In the case of double-phase-to-ground fault detection, the set phase priority is the determining factor for selecting the measured variables.
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The PD 521 determines the fault impedance and the fault direction on the basis of the selected measured variables. A voltage memory is available so that measurement will function correctly, even with very low fault voltages.
Voltage Memory
If the condition is satisfied, the voltage memory is enabled. The frequency condition is checked in cycles at intervals of approximately 10 ms. As soon as the condition is no longer satisfied, the enable is canceled. If the magnitude of the reference voltage drops below 0.65 Vnom or if distance protection starting occurs, synchronization of the voltage memory is terminated. The voltage memory is then free-running and remains enabled for 2 s.
The voltage 1VA-B is the reference voltage for the voltage memory. If the voltage exceeds the default value of 0.65 Vnom and if there is no "distance protection starting," then the voltage memory is synchronized. Synchronization requires approximately 100 ms. Then a check is carried out to determine whether the frequency satisfies the following condition: 0.99 fnom < f < 101 fnom . .
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Angle Determination
When "distance protection starting" occurs, the angles jF and jS are determined. Angle jF is the fault angle that is determined using the selected measuring voltage Vmeas and the selected measuring current Imeas. In order for the fault angle jF to also be reliably determined in the event of arcing faults, only the fundamental wave of the measuring voltage is used for angle measurement.
Angle jS is determined on the basis of the voltage stored in memory and the selected measuring current Imeas. Since the frequency of the stored voltage can differ from the nominal frequency, a phase correction must be made. This correction is determined by the frequency deviation and the time that has elapsed since synchronization was terminated. Furthermore, an angle correction as a function of the selected measuring loop and the M A I N : R o t a r y f i e l d setting is necessary. The resulting angle jX is used for further processing.
16 Angle determination
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For distance and directional measurement the following angles are used as a function of the magnitude of the selected measuring voltage and the fault duration:
the fault angle jF, the angle jX, the set angle a.
direction is determined using the fault angle jF. Directional determination using jX or jF is not possible if the voltage memory is not enabled or if the measuring voltage is less than 200 mV. In these cases the set angle a is used for directional measurement, which means that a decision is made in favor of the forward direction.
Angle for Directional Determination
V. memory Enabled Not enabled
0.002 Vnom < V meas < 0.15 Vnom V meas < 0.002 Vnom
Directional Measurement
If the selected measuring voltage Vmeas is greater than 0.15 Vnom when the fault occurs, then the direction is determined using the fault angle jF. In the case of a measuring voltage of less than 0.15 Vnom, the angle jX is used for directional determination. If the voltage memory is not enabled, the angle jX cannot be determined. In this case a check is made to determine whether the measuring voltage Vmeas is in the range 200 mV < Vmeas < 0.15 Vnom. If this is not the case,
jX jF
jX a
A decision is made for forward direction if the angle selected for directional determination is in the range -45 < j < +135 . In the case of angles outside this range a decision is made for the backward direction.
17 Directional measurement
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Distance Measurement
The angle that is used to calculate fault impedance is selected according to the following criteria:
For distance measurement, the user may select a polygonal or circular characteristic by way of the setting DIST : Char ac ter is tic .
If the measuring voltage Vmeas is greater than 0.15 Vnom when the fault occurs, then fault angle jF is used to calculate fault impedance. If the fault voltages are less than 0.15 Vnom and the voltage memory is enabled, a check is made to determine whether angles jF and jX are in the forward direction (-45 < j < +135).
n
If both angles are in the same direction, either forward or backward, then fault angle jF is selected for distance measurement. If angle jF is in the forward direction and angle jX is in the backward direction, then an angle of 180 + a is specified for the calculation. If angle jX is in the forward direction and angle jF is in the backward direction, the set angle a is used for distance measurement.
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whether the measuring voltage Vmeas is in the range 200 mV < Vmeas < 0.15 Vnom. If so, fault angle jF is selected for the impedance calculation; whether the selected measuring voltage Vmeas is less than 200 mV. If so, the set angle a is used for the impedance calculation. The angle a can be set separately for the polygon and circle characteristics.
Using these settings in the R-X diagram we obtain the characteristic shown in Figure 21.
The fault impedance value ZF is determined using the selected measuring quantities Vmeas and Imeas. By multiplication by the cosine or sine of the angle selected for distance measurement jZ, we then calculate the fault resistance RF or fault reactance XF.
The calculated quantities RF and XF are compared with the reference quantities Rref and Xref of the four impedance zones. The reference quantities are determined using the settings for determining the impedance zone(s). If both quantities lie within the set impedance zone(s), a distance decision is made for the corresponding zone(s).
21 PD 521 impedance and directional characteristics for the setting Polygon Example for: Xn = 6.5 9 Rn = 2.0 9 =n = 70 n = 1 to 4 kze = 1.2 (adjustable in zone 1 only)
Dot-dash line:
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The resistances for phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase loops can be set separately for each zone. The different impedances are therefore compared with different impedance characteristics. In addition to the settings described above, the zone extension factors kze can be set separately for phase-toground (P-G) and phase-to-phase (P-P) loops for impedance zone 1. As a result of this setting, impedance zone 1 is extended or reduced accordingly in the R and X directions. Thus the R and X values modified by the zone extension factor kze are calculated according to the following formulas:
R1,kze = k ze R1
If, as a consequence of the settings kze, a wider reach than 200 W at Inom = 1 A or 40 W at Inom = 5 A results in R- or X-direction, then the reach is automatically limited to 200 W or 40 W, respectively. The increase in reach by the zone extension factor kze HSR is controlled by
X1,kze = kze X1
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The fault impedance value ZF is determined using the selected measuring quantities Vmeas and Imeas. If the setting Arc compensation: yes has been chosen then, for angles of -45 < j Z < a and 135 < j Z < ( a + 180 ) , a correction to the measured fault impedance is calculated as follows:
Z F,corr =
ZF
1 + sin @
In the range -45 < j Z < a the following relation holds: d = a - jZ In the range 135 < j Z < ( a + 180 ) we have: d = a - j Z + 180
24
The calculated impedance Z meas is compared with the set impedance in the four impedance zones. If the measured impedance is smaller than or equal to the set impedance, then a distance decision of the corresponding zone(s) is taken. In the R-X diagram, the characteristic shown in Figure 24 is obtained. If the characteristic were to be measured with sine variables for the setting Arc compensation: yes", the dot-dashed line would be obtained.
PD 521 impedance and directional characteristics for the setting Circle Example for: n = 1 to 4 = = 60 Nfw = forward direction Nbw = backward direction with arc compensation kze = 1.2 (adjustable in zone 1 only)
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impedance zone 1. The impedances modified by the zone extension factor kze are calculated as follows:
Z1,kze = kze Z1
The increase in reach by the zone extension factor kze HSR is controlled by
26 Setting impedance zones 2 to 4 and distance measurement
In addition to the settings described above, the zone extension factors kze can be set separately for phase-toground (P-G) and phase-to-phase (P-P) loops for
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The "Distance trip" decision is reached for zones 1 to 4 if the following criteria are satisfied simultaneously:
A maximum of four impedance zones and six timer stages are available for impedance time grading. All impedance zones can be operated in a forward direction, backward direction, or non-directionally. The distance-independent timer stage t5 can also operate forward-directionally, backward-directionally or non-directionally. Timer stage t6 operates independently of distance and direction. All timer stages are started by "distance protection starting." The stage times are corrected by the inherent delay or operate time of starting (approximately 30 ms). Zone 4 can be utilized as a special zone by means of the D I S T : Z o n e 4 setting. This makes it possible to implement special characteristics for applications in cable or line networks. When the D I S T : Z o n e 4 setting is "Normal", the impedance zones, timer stages and directional settings are assigned as follows: Impedance zone 1 Impedance zone 2 Impedance zone 3 Impedance zone 4 Direction N1 Direction N2 Direction N3 Direction N4 Direction N5 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6
A distance decision exists for the zone. The timer stage assigned to this impedance zone has elapsed. The measured direction agrees with the directional setting assigned to this impedance zone.
If several timer stages and directions are set to the same values, a distance trip occurs in the zone with the highest number. The "Distance trip zone 5" decision is reached if the following conditions are satisfied simultaneously:
Timer stage t5 has elapsed. The measured direction agrees with the directional setting for N5.
After timer stage t6 has elapsed, the "Distance trip zone 6" decision is reached. If protective signaling (PSIG) is used in the operating modes Signal comparison blocking scheme or Signal comparison pilot wire, a distance trip occurs instantaneously in zone 1 if the following conditions are satisfied simultaneously:
There is a distance decision in zone 1. The measured direction agrees with the directional setting for N1.
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Special Zones
D I S T : Z o n e 4 "Section cable-line" This setting is selected for a mixed cable-line section if automatic reclosing will only be carried out if there is a fault in the line area. In this case the cable must form the front part of the transmission section and the line the rear part. Timer stage t1 and the N1 directional setting are assigned to impedance zones 1 and 4. The setting for timer stage t4 and the N4 directional setting are inactive. The "Distance trip Zone 1" or "Distance trip Zone 4" decision is reached if the following conditions are satisfied:
n n n
A distance decision for zone 1 or zone 4 exists. The measured direction agrees with the direction set for N1. Timer stage t1 has elapsed.
31 Example of a feasible impedance-time characteristic
In order for the PD 521 to determine the section in which the fault is located, impedance zone 1 must be set for the total length of the transmission section and impedance zone 4 for the length of the cable. If a distance trip for zones 1 and 4 occurs after t1 has elapsed, then the signal DIST : Fault in c able r un is generated.
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D I S T : Z o n e 4 "Section line-cable" This setting is selected in the case of a mixed linecable section if automatic reclosing will only be carried out if there is a fault in the line area. In this case the line must form the front part of the transmission section and the cable the rear part. Timer stage t1 and directional setting N1 are assigned to impedance zones 1 and 4. The setting for timer stage t4 and directional setting N4 are inactive. The "Distance trip zone 1" or "Distance trip zone 4" decision is reached if the following conditions are satisfied:
n n n
A distance decision for zone 1 or zone 4 exists. The measured direction agrees with the direction set for N1. Timer stage t1 has elapsed.
33 Example of a feasible impedance-time characteristic
In order for the PD 521 to determine the section in which the fault is located, impedance zone 1 must be set for the total length of the transmission section and impedance zone 4 for the length of the line. If a distance trip only occurs in zone 1 after t1 has elapsed, then the signal DIST : Fault in c able r un is generated.
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3.4 Measuring-Circuit Monitoring The PD 521 monitors the phase currents and voltages for balance during healthy system operation. If unbalance or the lack of measuring voltage is detected, action is taken to prevent the protection device from malfunctioning. The monitoring signals issued in the event of a fault in the measuring circuits are entered in the monitoring signal memory. If this is not desired, entry of the monitoring signals in the monitoring signal memory can be disabled.
Ground starting results in a warning signal if at least one phase-to-ground voltage is greater than 0.7 Vnom/3. Thereby, warnings for lines disconnected at both ends are avoided in low-impedance-grounded systems where capacitively coupled neutral-displacement voltages in excess of VNG> may occur.
35 Monitoring signals
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Measuring circuit monitoring can be deactivated by the appropriate setting. In the event of a fault, measuring circuit monitoring is blocked. Monitoring the Current-Measuring Circuits The current-measuring circuit monitoring function is enabled when the current exceeds the value 0.125 I nom in at least one phase. Once monitoring is enabled, the absolute value of the negative-sequence component of the current system is determined in accordance with the definition of the Symmetrical Components.
I neg =
1 3
0
IA + a 2 IB + a IC
0
a = e j 120
a 2 = e j 240
This value is divided by the maximum phase current I P,max and compared to the set threshold operate value. If the set threshold operate value is exceeded, a monitoring signal is issued after 10.1 s. In addition, a setting can be selected that will determine whether a trip shall occur.
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The voltages used by distance protection as measured variables are monitored by the voltage-measuring circuit monitoring function for plausibility. However, this does not replace the auxiliary contact of the voltage transformer m.c.b., which is absolutely necessary in the case of activated undervoltage and underimpedance starting. Monitoring of the voltage-measuring circuits is based on the following criteria:
If one of the monitoring functions described above operates, then distance protection is blocked and the device switches to backup overcurrent time protection if the appropriate setting was selected. In addition, the monitoring signal M O N : M e a s . v o l t . O K is issued if all phase-to-phase voltages exceed the default threshold of 0.65 Vnom and negative-sequence monitoring has not operated.
Monitoring Starting
Monitoring the phase-to-phase voltages for voltages that fall below the default threshold of 0.4 Vnom . This monitoring function is enabled when the phase current is greater than 0.05 I nom or for the closed position of the circuit breaker provided that MON: Meas . volt. c irc uit is set to Vneg w. CB contact enabl. Monitoring the negative-sequence component of phase-to-ground voltages in accordance with the definition of the symmetrical components. Monitoring is enabled when a phase-to-ground voltage exceeds the default threshold of 0.7 Vnom / 3 . In addition to this criterion, a minimum current having the default threshold setting of I > 0.05 I nom or the closed position of the circuit breaker can be used as enabling criteria. If there is an enable, the absolute value of the negative-sequence component of the voltage system is determined in accordance with the definition of symmetrical components.
Vneg = a = e j 120 1 1VA - G + a2 1VB - G + a 1VC - G 3
0 0
If ground starting SG is present for more than 10 s without phase starting, the following monitoring signal is issued: M O N : M e a s u r i n g c i r c u i t s "Ground fault starting" (see Figure 35).
a 2 = e j 240
This value is compared with the default threshold operate value 0.2 Vnom / 3 . If the threshold operate value is exceeded, a monitoring signal is issued after 9.8 s.
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3.5 Backup Overcurrent-Time Protection (BUOC or Backup DTOC) If there is a fault in the voltage-measuring circuit, distance protection is blocked, since accurate impedance measurement is not possible. Backup overcurrent time protection is automatically activated if set accordingly. Backup overcurrent time protection is enabled if there is a fault in the voltage-measuring circuit. It monitors the phase currents for overcurrents exceeding the set values I>. If a phase current exceeds the set value, timer stage
tI> is started. After the set time period has elapsed, a trip signal is issued. If the "Low impedance-grounding" setting has been selected, the ground current 1IN is also monitored by the settable trigger IN>, in addition to the phase currents. If the ground current exceeds the set value, timer stage tIN> is started. After the set time has elapsed, a trip signal is issued.
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3.6 Switch on to Fault Protection When the circuit breaker is closed manually it is possible to switch on to an existing fault. This is especially critical if the line in the remote station is grounded since the distance protection would not clear the fault until t2 had elapsed. The fastest possible clearance is desirable in this situation, however. To guarantee rapid clearing with manual closing, the manual close signal must be issued not only to the circuit breaker but also to the PD 521. The manual close signal
is converted to an internal pulse. The pulse time can be set. It is possible to specify whether the following shall occur during operation of the timer stage:
The appearance of general starting (see Section Tripping Logic for a definition of general starting) shall cause a trip (S O T F : T r i p a f t . m a n . c l o s e ). or
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3.7 Protective Signaling The reach of the first impedance zone of the distance protection function is normally set for values less than 100%. Protective signaling is used to extend protection to 100% of the section. This is achieved by logical linking of the signals that are transmitted by the remote stations protection device.
In order for protective signaling (PSIG) to function, the following requirements must be satisfied:
It must be activated. There must be no external block. There must be no transmission fault. The function PSIG : Rec eive EX T must be configured to a binary signal input.
Protective signaling can be activated or deactivated from the local control panel.
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Once protective signaling is ready, distance protection timer stage t1 is blocked. A trip enable in distance protection zone 1 is then issued after the protective signaling tripping time has elapsed.
Direct transfer trip underreaching Permissive underreaching transfer tripping (PUTT) Zone extension Signal comparison release scheme Signal comparison blocking scheme
For operation in the mode referred to as "Signal comparison pilot wire," pilot wires are required for signal transmission. P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e "Direct transfer trip underreaching"
A communication malfunction or failure leads to a protective signaling block. If protective signaling is carried out by a signal transmission or communication device, the devices fault signal can be connected. In the case of protective signaling via pilot wires or in the operating mode referred to as "reverse interlocking," an internal monitoring function detects any fault in the communication channel. Protective signaling can be operated in seven different modes. The following operating modes require a signal transmission device:
When there is a Distance trip zone 1" a signal is sent to the remote stations protection device. Upon receipt of the signal by the remote station, the remote stations circuit breaker is tripped. P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e "Permissive underreaching transfer tripping (PUTT) With a "Distance trip zone 1" a signal is sent to the remote stations protection device. Upon receipt of the signal by the remote station, the remote stations circuit breaker is transfer tripped as a function of starting.
42 Transmission fault
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P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e "Zone extension" With "Distance trip zone 1" a signal is sent to the remote stations protection device. Upon receipt of the transmitted signal the measuring range of zone 1 in the remote station is increased by the zone extension factor kze HSR. If the fault lies within the extended zone, the remote stations protection device also decides in favor of Distance trip zone 1.
44 Zone reaches with the release scheme (broken line: measuring range extended by the zone extension factor kze HSR)
43 Reaches with zone extension (broken line: measuring range increased by the zone extension factor kze HSR)
If both zone extension factors (kze P-G HSR and kze P-P HSR) are set at a value of "1.0," a trip enable is issued only if the second of the conditions given above is satisfied. In the event of a change in direction the received signal is ignored for 80 ms (transient blocking) so that false tripping will not occur in double line protection. P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e "Signal comparison blocking scheme" In the idle state the measuring range of zone 1 in both protection devices is extended by the zone extension factor kze HSR. The Distance trip zone 1 of both protection devices is enabled. If distance protection starting begins and the fault lies in the backward direction, a signal is sent to the remote station. In the event of a fault, both protection devices measure by using the normal measuring range and the range extended by the zone extension factor kze HSR. A Distance trip zone 1 can be issued instantaneously (t0) with the normal reach. The Distance trip zone 1 is blocked if the following conditions are satisfied simultaneously after distance protection timer stage t1 has elapsed:
P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e Signal comparison release scheme" In the idle state the measuring range of zone 1 in both protection devices is extended by the zone extension factor kze HSR. The Distance trip zone 1 of both protection devices is blocked. If distance protection starting begins and the fault lies in the forward direction, a signal is sent to the remote station. In the event of a fault, both protection devices measure by using the normal measuring range and the range extended by the zone extension factor kze HSR. A trip enable is issued if one of the following conditions is satisfied after the distance protection timer stage t1 has elapsed:
The fault lies within the non-extended measuring range. The fault lies within the extended measuring range and a transmitted signal is received by the remote station.
The fault lies within the extended measuring range. A transmitted signal is received by the remote station.
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kze HSR. The Distance trip zone 1 of both protection devices is enabled. If distance protection starting begins and a fault lies in the backward direction or if the overcurrent starting originates from the distance protection starting, then a signal is sent to the remote station without delay. In the event of a fault both protection devices measure by using the normal measuring range and the measuring range extended by the zone extension factor kze HSR. A Distance trip zone 1 can be issued instantaneously (t0) with the normal reach. The Distance trip zone 1 is blocked if the following conditions are satisfied simultaneously after distance protection timer stage t1 has elapsed:
45 Zone reaches with the blocking scheme (broken line: measuring range extended by the zone extension factor kze HSR)
The fault lies within the extended measuring range. A transmitted signal is received by the remote station.
If both zone extension factors (kze P-G HSR and kze P-P HSR) are set at a value of "1.0," a trip is only possible after t1 has elapsed. P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e "Signal comparison pilot wire" To form the communication link it is necessary to connect either the break contact or the make contact of the transmitting relay, depending on the transmitting relay mode selected (Transm. relay make contact or Transm. relay break contact), to the P S I G : R e c e i v e E X T input of the remote station by means of pilot wires. In the idle state there is a received signal in both protection devices (DC loop closed), and the measuring range of zone 1 is extended by the zone extension factor
If both zone extension factors (kze P-G HSR and kze P-P HSR) are set at a value of "1.0," a trip is only possible after t1 has elapsed. The pilot wires are monitored for interruptions. If, during fault-free operation, that is, when there is no distance protection starting, no signal is received by the remote station for a period longer than the set transmitted signal reset time plus 600 ms, then a P S I G : T e l e c o m . f a u l t y signal (see Figure 42) is issued, and protective signaling is blocked.
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P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e "Reverse interlocking" In radial networks with infeed from a single end it is possible under certain conditions for busbar protection to be configured by sampling the starting of feeder protection devices. By means of appropriate interconnection, a send signal is then formed when a feeder protection device starts. The receipt of this signal by the PD 521 blocks the Distance trip zone 1. The blocking signal reset is delayed by approximately 80 ms. The pilot wires are monitored. If a received signal is present for more than 10 s without any distance protection starting, then the distance trip zone 1 block is canceled. A new block cannot occur until the received signal has dropped out.
48 Zone extension by protective signaling
47 Reverse interlocking
49 P S I G : R e c e i v e & g e n e r a l s t a r t i n g signal
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51 PSIG send
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Echo Function It is possible to select "without or with" echo on receive. This setting is only active in the following modes:
The further transmission of a received signal as a send signal is then blocked for 20 s. This prevents a permanent signal from being transmitted. Testing the Communication Channel
PUTT (permissive underreaching transfer trip) Zone extension Signal comparison release scheme Signal comparison blocking scheme The communication link can be tested. For this purpose a 500 ms send signal is issued through a binary signal input or the integrated local control panel. The remote station receives this signal if the transmission section is OK. In the mode referred to as "Direct transfer trip underreach" no test is possible, since a received signal will immediately lead to a Trip in the remote station. Likewise, testing is not possible with the "Reverse interlocking" setting.
If the "with" echo setting is selected, a signal is sent to the remote station if the received signal is present for more than 50 ms and no distance protection starting is active.
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3.8 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Circuit breaker failure protection is activated by a general trip command from the PD 521 or when a general starting state exists through an appropriately configured binary signal input. After the settable time period C B F : t C B F has elapsed, the fault must be cleared. Otherwise it can be assumed that the circuit breaker has failed. In this case the C B F : C B f a i l u r e signal is issued.
3.9 Ground Fault Direction Determination Using Steady-State Values Ground fault direction determination using steady-state values requires the neutral-point displacement voltage formed from the three phase-to-ground voltages - and the ground current as measured variables. A special transformer is provided in the PD 521 for the residual current. The current transformer is designed specifically for this application so that it has a low phase-angle error. When there is a trip of the voltage transformer circuit breaker, ground faults can be determined by steady-state evaluation of the ground current. The user can specify whether both ground current and displacement voltage will be evaluated (steady-state power) or if only the ground current will be evaluated (steady-state current). The switch from steady-state power evaluation to steady-state current evaluation can also be carried out through a binary signal input given appropriate configuration. When switching from steady-state power to steady-state current evaluation or vice versa, the outputs of the nonactive function are blocked.
If the system frequency is set to 60 Hz, ground fault direction determination using steady-state values (GFDSS) is blocked.
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3.9.1 Steady-State Power Evaluation In order to detect the ground fault direction, ground fault direction determination by steady-state power evaluation
requires the neutral-point displacement voltage 1VN-G and the ground current 2IN.
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The settable frequency f0 is filtered out from these quantities using Fourier analysis. Three periods are used for analysis if the setting selected for the timer stage G F D S S : t V N - G > is greater than 60 ms. This means that typical ripple control frequencies are suppressed in addition to all integer-frequency harmonics. If the timer stage has been set at values less than 60 ms, only one period is used for filtering purposes.
Measurement is enabled after timer stage t V N - G > has elapsed; this module is started by the trigger VN-G>. Depending on the operating mode selected either cos phi circuit or sin phi circuit the sign of active power (G F D S S : O p e r a t i n g m o d e cos phi circuit ) or reactive power (G F D S S : O p e r a t i n g m o d e sin phi circuit ) is used. Connection of the measuring circuits is taken into account by the setting G F D S S : C o n n e c t . m eas . c ir c . With the standard (forward) connection (see Figure 55) a decision for "LS" is reached in the case of a ground fault on the line side and "BS" in the case of a ground fault on the busbar side.
56 Direction determination
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G F D S S : O p e r a t i n g m o d e "cos phi circuit" The direction decision is not enabled until the following additional conditions are satisfied: the active component of the ground current 2IN exceeds the set value, and the phase displacement between ground current 2IN and neutral-point displacement current 1VN-G is smaller than the set sector angle. The sector angle makes it possible to extend the dead zone to take into account the expected phase-angle errors of the measured variables. With these settings the characteristic shown in Figure 57 can be realized. Output of the direction decisions is operate- and resetdelayed.
GFDSS: Operating mode "sin phi circuit The direction decision is enabled if the reactive component of current 2IN has also exceeded the set threshold operate value. With these settings the characteristic shown in Fig 58 can be realized. Output of the direction decisions is operate- and resetdelayed.
57 Characteristic of ground fault direction determination by steadystate power evaluation, operating mode cos j
58 Characteristic of ground fault direction determination by steadystate power evaluation, operating mode sin j
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Counting the Ground Faults The number of ground faults and direction decisions is counted. The counters can be reset at the address at which they are displayed by pressing the enter key (E) twice.
3.9.2 Steady-State Current Evaluation The settable frequency f0 is filtered out of the ground current 2IN using Fourier analysis. Three periods are used for steady-state current evaluation. If the current exceeds the set threshold value, then a ground fault signal is issued after the set operate delay has elapsed.
61 Evaluation of ground current 2IN GFD: Determination of ground fault direction by steady-state power evaluation GF: Ground fault detection by steady-state current evaluation
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Counting the Ground Faults The number of ground faults is counted. The counter can be reset at the address at which it is displayed by pressing the enter key (E) twice.
3.9.3 Ground Fault Data Acquisition The PD 521 stores the following measured ground fault data:
Resetting the Counters The counters can be reset both individually at the address at which they are displayed and as a group.
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Steady-state power evaluation: Ground fault duration is defined as the time between operation and dropout of the VN-G> trigger. However, there is only a time output after the end of a ground fault if the VN-G> trigger operated at least for the set time tVN-G>. After tVN-G> has elapsed, the display of the ground fault duration of the last ground fault is automatically cleared and the symbol for no value measured (....) is displayed. Once the VN-G> trigger has dropped out, the newly measured value is displayed.
Steady-state current evaluation: Ground fault duration is defined as the time between operation and dropout of the IN> trigger. However, there is only a time output after the end of a ground fault if the IN> trigger operated at least for the duration of the set operate delay (G F D S S : O p e r a t e d e l a y I N ). After the operate delay has elapsed, the display of the ground fault duration of the last ground fault is automatically cleared and the symbol for no value measured (....) is displayed. Once the IN> trigger has dropped out, the newly measured value is displayed.
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Acquisition of Ground Current If the steady-state current evaluation function is active, then the unfiltered and filtered ground currents at the point when the operate delay elapses are stored. If the steadystate power evaluation option of ground fault direction determination has been activated, then the ground current flowing at the point when timer stage tVN-G> elapses is stored in memory. In addition, the active or reactive component of the ground current at the time of the direction decision output is also stored. All measured data are output as per-unit quantities referred to the nominal current Inom of the protection device. Acquisition of Neutral-Point Displacement Voltage The voltage 1VN-G is only acquired if the steady-state power evaluation function of ground fault direction determination has been activated. The voltage that is present at the point when timer stage tVN-G> elapses is stored in memory. Resetting the Measured Data The measured values are reset together as a group. It is possible to specify whether resetting shall be done together with the LED indicators. After resetting, the symbol for no value measured (....) appears in the value display.
66 Storing the measured ground fault data
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3.10 Starting Signals and Tripping Logic The distance protection and backup overcurrent time protection starting signals are linked to form common starting signals. The number of general starting signals (GS) is counted.
The following signals of the protection device are combined to form common trip signals and trip commands:
Distance trips for zones 1 to 6 START: Trip VN-G>> MON: Trip by Ineg BUOC: Tripping signal SOTF: Trip after manual close
If the PD 521 is operating with protective signaling, then a zone 1 trip can be issued by protective signaling in the "Direct transfer trip underreach" and "PUTT (Permissive underreaching transfer tripping)" operating modes. In all other protective signaling modes an enable must be issued by protective signaling. If protective signaling is not ready, then the zone 1 distance trip is automatically enabled. The trip signals are present only as long as the conditions for the signal are satisfied. If a general starting condition exists, then a non-delayed, three-pole "starting trip" can occur by triggering an appropriately configured binary signal input. A trip command can be issued not only by the protection function but also through a control parameter (address 03 40) or an appropriately configured binary signal input, in which case it is issued for 100 ms.
68 Starting signals
The trip commands can be blocked by a control parameter (address 21 12) or an appropriately configured binary signal input. The trip signals are not affected by the block. If trips are blocked this is indicated by a steady light at yellow LED indicator H3 on the local control panel and by output relay K8 if configured accordingly. The phase-selective trip commands, the general trip command and the final trip are counted. The counters can be reset either individually or as a group.
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69 Tripping logic
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3.11 Pass-Through Functions The PD 521 distance protection device offers the possibility of collecting external binary signals for the purpose of indicating and recording them during a fault. The protection functions are not affected by these passthrough functions. Input 1 for the freely configurable pass-through functions triggers a settable timer stage. The timer stage operating
mode can be set. The user can choose between the following modes: Operate-delayed Passing make contact Passing break contact
71 Pass-through functions
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3.12 Overcurrent Signal The PD 521 offers the possibility of monitoring the phase currents for values that exceed a settable value. If the set value is exceeded in a phase, a signal will be issued after the set time period has elapsed.
72 Overcurrent signal
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3.13 Operating Data Measurement The PD 521 displays the following measured operating data:
Active and reactive power Active power factor Load angle j in all three phases Frequency
Ground current IN, which is either calculated from the three phase currents or, if ground fault direction determination using steady state values is active, is the current measured by the PD 521s T4 transformer. Active or reactive current, determined by steady-state power evalution (see Section Ground Fault Direction Determination Using Steady-State Values). Phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase voltages on the line side Neutral-point displacement voltage Filtered ground current IN, determined by steady-state current evaluation (see Section GF Evaluation (Ground Fault))
The measured values for current, voltage and power are displayed both as referred to the nominal quantities of the PD 521 and as primary quantities. In order for these quantities to be displayed as primary values, the primary nominal current of the current transformer or the nominal transformation ratio multiplied by the nominal device current and the primary nominal voltage of the voltage transformer must be set in the PD 521. The measured data are updated at 1 s intervals. Updating is interrupted if a general starting state occurs.
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The active and reactive power and the active power factor are determined when currents and voltages in all three phases are within the acceptable measuring range. Current measuring range: Voltage measuring range: 0.05 Inom < I < 5 Inom 0.1 Vnom < V < 2 Vnom
are within the acceptable measuring ranges (see the ranges given above). If the values are outside the measuring ranges, a symbol for overrange (-..-) is displayed. If values cannot be updated or determined, a symbol for value not determined (....) appears.
The load angles are only determined when the associated phase current and the associated phase-to-ground voltage
74 Measured operating data: load angle, power and active power factor
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3.14 Fault Recording A fault exists and therefore fault recording begins if at least one of the following signals is present:
(address 36 00)
S T A R T : VN-G>> triggered, if the setting is yes for Trip tVN-G>> MAIN: General trip signal (address 36 05)
MAIN: General trip command (address 36 71) PSIG: Receive & gen. start (address 37 29) FREC: Trigger
The faults are counted (address 04 20) and identified by serial number. In addition, the date of each fault is also assigned by the internal clock and stored. The internal clock also assigns the absolute time to a faults individual start or end signals. The date and time assigned to a fault when the fault begins can be read out from the signal memory on the local control panel or through the PC and ILSA interfaces. The time information assigned to the signals can be called up only through the PC or ILSA interfaces. The fault recordings are stored in non-volatile memory.
75 Fault counting and time tagging
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The fault records can be erased in different ways. The following mechanisms are available:
Automatic resetting of the fault signals indicated by LED indicators and of the measured fault data displayed at the appropriate addresses whenever a new fault occurs. Resetting of LED indicators and measured fault data on the local control panel by pressing the reset key (R) on the panel.
Area-specific resetting, such as only the signal memory, for example, through addresses on the local control panel or appropriately configured binary signal inputs. General reset.
In the first two cases listed above only the displays on the local control panel are cleared but not internal memories such as the signal memory. In the event of a cold restart, for example by control via address 00 85, all stored signals and values will be lost.
76 Resetting
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3.14.1 Fault Logging Protection signals during a fault, including the signals during the settable pre-fault and post-fault times, are logged in chronological order with reference to the specific fault. A total of five faults, each involving a maximum of 64 start or end signals, can be stored in a non-volatile ring memory -- the signal memory. After five faults have been logged the oldest fault log will be overwritten, unless faults have been erased in the interim. If more than 64 start or end signals have occurred during a single fault, then Signal mem. overflow (address 35 01) will be entered as the last signal. If time and date are changed during the pre-fault time, the signal FREC: Faulty tim e tag is generated. In addition to the fault signals, the measured fault data are also entered in the signal memory. The fault logs can be read on the local control panel or through the PC or ILSA interfaces.
3.14.2 Measured Fault Data When there is a fault in the network the PD 521 determines the following measured fault data:
Operating time (duration) Fault current Fault voltage Fault impedance Fault reactance in percent of line reactance and in W Fault angle Fault distance Ground fault current Ground fault angle
The operating time is defined as the time between the starting and ending of the general starting state generated in the PD 521.
78 Operating time
77 Signal memory
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The fault must last for at least 60 ms so that the fault data can be determined. The fault data are determined using the measured variables Imeas and Vmeas selected by the distance protection function, if the fault is detected by distance protection. A phase current is selected as the fault current in accordance with the selected measuring loop. In the case of multi-phase starting this is the current of the leading phase in the cycle. If the measuring-circuit voltage Vmeas < 200 mV, the set angle a is used to determine the fault reactance. The set angle a is then also displayed as the fault angle. The primary short-circuit reactance is calculated from the per unit short-circuit reactance using the set primary nominal current and voltage transformer data. The ground fault data are only determined if a phase-toground loop has been selected for measurement by the distance protection function. The geometric sum of the three phase currents is displayed as the fault current. The ground fault angle is the phase displacement between ground fault current and selected measuring voltage. If the fault is detected by the backup overcurrent time protection function, then only the fault current can be determined. The maximum phase current is displayed. The F L O C : S t a r t d e t e r m i n a t i o n setting determines the actual time during a fault when the fault data are determined and whether output of fault location shall take place. The following settings are possible:
FLOC: Start determination Fault end Determination at the end of the fault. The measured F L O C : F a u l t l o c a t i o n value is output. FLOC: Start determination Fault end / trip during t1) Determination at the end of the fault. Output of the measured F L O C : F a u l t l o c a t i o n value only occurs if a trip occurred in distance protection zone 1. FLOC: Start determination Trip or trigger Determination when a trip starts or a correspondingly configured signal input is triggered. Output of the measured F L O C : F a u l t l o c a t i o n value only occurs if a trip occurred or if the binary signal input was triggered. If neither a trip was issued nor the binary signal input was triggered, the fault values are stored at the end of the general starting state. There is then no output of fault location.
In order for the fault location to be determined in percent of line length and in km, the value of the line reactance 100% of which corresponds to the line section being monitored and the value of the corresponding line length in km must be set in the PD 521. Fault current and voltage are displayed as per-unit quantities referred to Inom and Vnom. If the measured or calculated values are outside the permissible measuring range, the overrange indication (-..-) appears. Permissible current measuring range: Permissible voltage measuring range: I 100 Inom V 2 Vnom
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In addition to the fault data, the following load data are determined upon dropout of distance protection starting:
thresholds 0.1 Inom and 0.1 Vnom , respectively, in order for the load data to be determined. If the thresholds are not reached or if distance protection starting does not last as long as 60 ms, the symbol for not measured (....) is displayed. After the reset key (R) on the local control panel is pressed, the symbol for not measured (....) is displayed at the respective addresses. However, the values are not erased and can continue to be read out through the PC and ILSA interfaces.
The same measuring loop used to determine fault impedance is used to determine load impedance and load angle. The load current and the voltage must exceed the
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3.14.3 Fault Data Acquisition The phase currents and the phase-to-ground voltages are recorded before, during and after a fault. The times for recording before and after the fault can be set. A maximum time period of 4.35 s / 3.33 s (including the prefault and post-fault recording times) is available for recording if the nominal frequency is 50 Hz / 60 Hz.. If the maximum recording time of 4.35 s (or 3.33 s) is exceeded, the analog values for the oldest fault are overwritten, but not the binary values. If more than five faults have occurred since the last reset, then all data for the oldest fault are overwritten.
Fault recording can also be started manually from the local control panel or externally through a binary signal input. The analog data of the fault record can only be read out through the PC or ILSA interfaces. When the analog data are sampled the neutral displacement voltage VN-G is calculated from the phase-to-ground voltages and the ground current IN is calculated from the phase currents. When the supply voltage is interrupted or after a warm restart, the values of the last fault remain stored.
81 Fault recording
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3.15 Self-Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis Comprehensive monitoring routines in the PD 521 distance protection device ensure that internal faults are detected and do not lead to malfunctions of the protection system. After the supply voltage has been turned on, various tests are carried out to verify full operability of the PD 521. The local control panel display shows which test is currently being run. If the PD 521 detects a fault in one of the tests, then startup is terminated. The display shows which test was running when termination occurred. No control actions may be carried out. A new attempt to start up the PD 521 can only be initiated by turning the supply voltage off and then on again. After startup has been successfully completed, cyclic selfmonitoring tests will be run during operation. In the event of a positive test result, a specified monitoring signal will be issued and stored in a non-volatile memory the monitoring signal memory along with the assigned date and time. A listing of all possible entries in this monitoring signal memory is given in the address list (see Appendix C). The memory depth allows for a maximum of 30 entries. If more than 29 monitoring signals occur without interim memory clearance, the M O N : M o n i t o r s i g . m e m o r y signal Overflow (address 90 12, value 9) is entered as the last entry.
If at least one entry is stored in the monitoring signal memory, this fact is signaled by the red LED indicator H1 on the local control panel. Each new entry is indicated by a flashing light. The combined signal for all warnings may also be issued via an output relay. The output relay responds as long as an internal fault is detected.
82 Warning signal
The number of entries stored in the monitoring signal memory can be determined by reading the M O N : N o . o f m o n . s i g n a l s counter (address 04 19). The monitoring signal memory can only be cleared manually by a control action. Entries in the monitoring signal memory are not cleared automatically even if the corresponding test has a negative outcome in a new test cycle. The contents of the monitoring signal memory can be read from the local control panel or through the PC or ILSA interface. The time information assigned to the individual entries can be retrieved via the PC or ILSA interface only.
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The response of the PD 521 to monitoring signals takes one of the following forms depending on the signal.
Signaling Only If there is no malfunction associated with the monitoring signal, then only a signal is issued, and there are no further consequences. This situation exists, for example, when internal data acquisition memories overflow. Selective Blocking If a fault is diagnosed solely in an area that does not affect the protective function, then only the affected area is blocked. This would apply, for example, to the detection of a fault on the ILSA bus interface module or in the area of the PC interface. Warm Restart If the self-monitoring function detects a fault that might be eliminated by a system restart, for example a fault in the hardware, then a procedure called a warm restart is automatically initiated. During this procedure, as with any startup, the computer system is reset to a defined state. A warm restart is characterized by the fact that no stored data and, in particular, no setting parameters are affected by the procedure. A warm restart can also be triggered manually by control action. During a warm restart sequence the protective function and communication through serial interfaces will be blocked. If the same fault is detected after a warm restart has been triggered by the self-monitoring system, then the protective function remains blocked but communication through the serial interfaces will usually be possible again. Cold Restart If a corrupted parameter subset is diagnosed in the checksum test during self-monitoring, then a cold restart is carried out. This is necessary because the protection device cannot identify the corrupt parameter within the set. A cold restart has the result that all internal memories are returned to a defined state. After a cold restart, this means that all settings of the protection device have been discarded. The default settings as found in the address list in the column headed Default apply instead (see Appendix C). In order to establish a safe initial state, the default values have been selected so that the protective function is blocked. Both the monitoring signal that triggered the cold restart and the value indicating parameter loss (address 90 28) are entered in the monitoring signal memory.
If the protective function is blocked, the condition is signaled with a steady light by the yellow LED indicator H3 on the local control panel or, if desired, via an output relay configured accordingly.
84 Blocked/faulty signal
3.16 Serial Interfaces The PD 521 has a PC interface as standard component. The ILSA interface is optional. Both interfaces allow setting and readout. When tests are run on the PD 521 it is advisable to activate the test mode (address 03 12 or binary signal input) so that the PC or the control system evaluates all incoming signals accordingly.
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3.16.1 PC Interface Communication with a PC is via the PC interface. In order for data transfer between the PD 521 and the PC to function, several settings must be made in the PD 521.
86 PC interface settings
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3.16.2 ILSA Interface Communication between the PD 521 and the control stations computer is via the ILSA interface. The interface protocol complies with IEC 60870-5-103 Transmission Protocols - Companion Standard for the Informative Interface of Protection Equipment, First edition, 1997-12.
In order for data transfer to function properly, several settings must be made at the PD 521. The ILSA interface can be blocked through a binary signal input. Moreover, a signal or measured-data blocking can also be imposed via a binary signal input.
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The PD 521 is mounted in an aluminium case. Connection is via threaded terminal ends. The case is suitable for either wall surface or flush panel mounting. The angle brackets and connector blocks are adjustable for mounting in the chosen configuration. Figures 88 and 89 show the case dimensions and fixture positions. For flush mounting, a cover frame is available (see Installation and Connection). Regardless of the design version, the PD 521 as the other device types of the ILS-P system is equipped with a standard local control panel. In order to protect the device according to the specified degree of protection, the local control panel is covered with a tough film. In addition to the essential control and indication elements, a parallel display consisting of a total of 8 LED indicators is also incorporated into the local control panel. The meaning of the various displays is shown in plain text on a label strip.
The label strip is located in a pocket accessible from the rear of the front panel. It can be replaced by user-specific labels. A further label strip lists the addresses for operation-related protection information and can also be replaced by a strip with customized labeling. The processor module with the local control module is attached to the reverse side of the removable front plate and connected to the I/O module via a ribbon cable. The I/O module incorporates the power supply, the input transformers and the power supply converters as well as eight output relays and two optical couplers for binary signals. The serial interface -X6 for parameter setting via a PC is set into the front panel. The optional ILSA interface -X7 and -X8 or -X9 (Order extension number -302 and up) is located on the underside of the case.
88 Dimensional drawing of the PD 521 in wall surface mounting configuration, -X7 and -X8 or -X9 are optional (dimensions in mm)
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89 Dimensional drawing of the PD 521 in flush panel mounting configuration, -X7 and -X8 or -X9 are optional (dimensions in mm)
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5.1 Unpacking and Packing The PD 521 is packaged separately in its own carton and shipped inside outer packaging. Use special care when opening the cartons and unpacking the equipment, and do not use force. In addition, make sure to remove from the inside carton the Supporting Documents supplied with each individual device. The design revision level of each module included with the device in its as-delivered condition can be determined from the list of modules provided in the Assembly List supplied with the device (see Components/Modules). This list should be carefully saved. After unpacking the equipment, inspect it visually for sound mechanical condition after transportation. If the PD 521 is to be shipped, both inner and outer packaging must be used. If the original packaging is no longer available, make sure that packaging conforms to DIN ISO 2248 specifications for a drop height 0.8 m. 5.2 Checking Nominal Data and Design Type The PD 521 nominal data and design type can be determined by consulting the type identification label (see Figure 90). The type label is located on the underside of the unit and on the lower side face in front of the terminal strip. The type label is also affixed to the outside of the PD 521 packaging.
5.3 Location Requirements The PD 521 has been designed to conform to the standard EN 60255-6. Therefore when choosing the installation location it is important to make sure that it provides the conditions specified in the Technical Data (see Chapter 2). Several important conditions are listed below. Climatic Conditions
Ambient temperature: - 5 to + 55C Air pressure: 800 to 1100 hPa Relative humidity: 45 to 75 % (annual mean), up to 56 days at 95% and 40C. The relative humidity must not result in the formation of either condensed water or ice in the PD 521. Ambient air: The ambient air must not be significantly polluted by dust, smoke, gases or vapors, or salt.
Mechanical Conditions
Vibration stress: 10 to 60 Hz, 0.035 mm and 60 to 150 Hz, 0.5 g Earthquake resistance: 5 to 8 Hz, 3.5/1.5 mm and 2 8 to 35 Hz, 10/5 m/s
CE
XX.XX fnom=50/60Hz
F 6.XXXXXX.X
ALSTOM-Nr.
Made in Germany
Operating range: 0.8 to 1.1 VA,nom with a residual ripple of up to 12% VA,nom
Electromagnetic Conditions Appropriate measures taken in substations must correspond to the state of the art (see, for example, the VDEW ring binder entitled "Schutztechnik" [Protective Systems], Section 8: "Recommendations for Measures to Reduce Transient Overvoltage in Secondary Lines in High Voltage Substations, June 1992 edition).
The factory setting for the nominal auxiliary voltage VA,nom (UH,nom ) is underlined on the type identification label. The nominal input voltage Vin,nom (UE,nom ) is also shown on the label. From the Order No. (89521-0-...), the design version of the PD 521 can be derived using the key given in Chapter 14 and in the Supporting Documents. With the auxiliary voltage on, identification via the built-in display is also possible. After selecting the addresses given in Section Device Identification in the Appendix C to this manual, the corresponding information is displayed.
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5.4 Installation The case and mounting dimensions are given in Chapter 4. The PD 521 is delivered in the wall surface mounting or the flush panel mounting configuration depending on the order specifications. When the PD 521 is being installed in a cabinet door, for example, special sealing steps must be followed in accordance with the IP 51 protection required for the cabinet. Should the PD 521 mistakenly have been ordered for surface instead of flush mounting, the connector blocks and angle brackets can be adjusted as shown in Figure 91. The two angle brackets D need to be removed after undoing bolts C (three each on the upper and lower face). Subsequently, bolts C are repositioned and tightened.
The two angle brackets D are now re-mounted using bolts E with the longer leg of the angle bracket mounted flat on the face surface. The upper sections of the two connector blocks B can be pulled away after opening bolts A and remounted after turning by 180 degrees (see Figure 91).
E A
Front panel
Surface-mounting
Front panel
Flush-mounting
91 Reconfiguration for flush panel mounting 92 Panel cutout for the PD 521 (dimensions in mm)
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For wall surface mounting, the leads to the PD 521 are usually run along the front side of the mounting level. If the wiring is to be behind, an opening can be provided below or above the terminal strip (see Figure 93).
For flush mounting, the PD 521 must be fastened using the four bolts provided within the packing carton. The cutout edges and the bolt heads can be concealed using a cover frame with a snap-on fixture to the bolt heads (see Figure 94).
93 Opening for the connecting leads. Shown for the lower terminal strip (dimensions in mm).
90
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5.5 Protective and System Grounding The device case must be reliably grounded for reasons of protective equipment grounding. This grounding step is also absolutely essential for proper operation of the device and is thus equivalent to system grounding. Potentials that need to be grounded from an operational standpoint are already properly connected to the equipment ground inside the unit. Holes for the grounding connection are located in the two mounting brackets of the PD 521 and are labeled accordingly. A ground connection assembly kit is supplied with the unit. The ground connection must be assembled as shown in Figure 95. Grounding must be low-inductance.
5.6 Connection 5.6.1 Measuring and Auxiliary Circuits Connect the PD 521 in accordance with the terminal connection diagram specified on the type identification label. The terminal connection diagram is included in the Supporting Documents supplied with the unit and is also given in Appendix E of this manual. Copper leads having a 2.5 mm2 cross-section are generally suitable as connecting leads between the current transformers and the PD 521. Under certain conditions the connecting leads between the main current transformers and the PD 521 must be short and have a larger cross-section in order to handle the permissible burden on the main current transformers. Copper leads 2 having a 1.5 mm cross-section are sufficient for the binary signal inputs, voltage inputs, the signaling and triggering circuits, and for the power supply input. As a general principle, all connections run into the system must have a defined potential. Pre-wired connections that are not used must be grounded. Connecting the Measuring Circuits of Distance Protection The current and voltage transformers must be connected to the protection device in accordance with the standard schematic diagram shown in Figure 96. The default and factory setting of the protection device is based on this current transformer connection scheme (line-side grounding). Connection of the current transformers in opposition (busbar-side grounding) can be taken into account when making the settings (see Section 7). The PD 521 is always equipped with four current inputs.
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Connecting Protective Signaling Depending on the operating mode selected, either a signal transmission device or pilot wires are required for signal transmission. Transposed lines should be used for the pilot wires. Two or four lines are required. If only two lines are available, there must be an all-or-nothing relay in each station for coupling received and transmitted signals. The coils of the all-or-nothing relays must be designed for half the loop voltage. Figure 97 shows the connection with two lines and Figure 98 the connection with four lines. The protective signaling transmitting relay can be set to Transm. relay break contact or Transm. relay make contact. In the first case the break contact must be wired and in the second case the make contact. The figures show the connection for the setting Transm. relay break contact (K1 and K2 are shown in the de-energized state). In addition, the PD 521 can also function together with the SV 35A protective signaling system or the V 34 comparator relay if care is taken to ensure that at least a pilot wire current of 10 mA is flowing.
92
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Connecting Steady-State Ground Fault Direction Determination If the PD 521 is to function using ground fault direction determination by steady-state values, then the current transformer T4 must be connected to a window-type current transformer or a current transformer in Holmgreen configuration. If the metal sheath of the cable is led through the window-type transformer, then the overhead ground wire must be led (insulated) through the core again before it is connected to ground. The cable sealing end must be attached so that it is insulated from ground. In this way any currents flowing through the sheath will not affect measurement.
For ground fault direction determination by steady-state values, the neutral-point displacement voltage - formed from the three phase-to-ground voltages - and the ground current are required as measured variables. Figure 99 shows the standard connection of ground fault direction determination by steady-state values. For this connection forward/LS is displayed if a ground fault occurs on the line side. A different connection scheme for the current transformer can be allowed for by making the appropriate setting (see Chapter 7).
94
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99 Connecting steady-state ground fault direction determination devices to Holmgreen-configuration and window-type transformers
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Connecting the Auxiliary Voltage Before connecting the auxiliary voltage VA for the PD 521 power supply, make sure that the nominal value of the auxiliary device voltage agrees with the nominal value of the auxiliary system voltage. Polarity reversal protection is provided in the form of a rectifier bridge. To preserve uniformity with other protection devices (L+ on terminal with smaller number), L+ should therefore be connected to terminal 13. The PD 521 has an auxiliary voltage supply that can be switched between ranges and is factory-set for the voltage range of VA,nom = 110 to 250 V DC or 100 to 230 V AC. Before changing the auxiliary voltage range, turn off any connected auxiliary voltage. The components located behind the front panel are energized!
In the upper portion of the I / O module, between output relay and current input transformers, are plug-in jumpers, which are plugged in as shown as follows, depending on the desired auxiliary voltage range.
100 Plug-in jumpers positioned for an auxiliary voltage of 110 to 250 V DC or 100 to 230 V AC (view from component side)
The voltage range is switched by repositioning plug-in jumpers on the I / O (input / output) module. After loosening four bolts on the front side of the front panel, the local control module (front panel and processor module) can be removed once the following plugs have been removed first: The tab connector on the case The tab connector on the lower circuit board (I/O module) The ribbon cable connecting the local control module (front panel and processor module) with the I/O module The ribbon cable connecting the local control module with the optional ILSA interface (to fiber optics or to wire) Where possible, disconnection of the ribbon cable between the processor module and the I/O module should be avoided. Should disconnection have occurred, however, then the device needs to be re-initialized by way of a cold restart.
101 Plug-in jumpers positioned for an auxiliary voltage of 24 to 60 V DC (view from component side)
96
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5.6.2 Binary Control Inputs Before connecting the control voltage Vin,nom for the binary inputs in the PD 521, check to see whether the control voltage Vin,nom is within the operating range of 24 V DC to 250 V DC. Polarity reversal protection is provided in the form of a rectifier bridge. 5.6.3 Tripping and Signaling Circuits The freely configurable output relays and their connections are shown in the terminal connection diagram. The output relays are suitable both for tripping and signaling purposes.
5.6.4 PC Interface The PC interface is provided so that PS 441 parameters can be assigned from a personal computer (PC). The special connection cable available as an accessory is the only type of PC connection that may be used.
The PC interface is not intended for permanent connection. Consequently the socket does not have the extra insulation from circuits connected to the system that is required per VDE 0106 Part 101. Therefore when connecting the connection cable make sure that you do not touch the socket contacts.
After completing device control (parameter setting) via the PC, disconnect the PC connection cable on the interface socket to restore the specified degree of device protection. 5.6.5 ILSA Interface The ILSA interface is provided for stationary linking of the protection device to a control system for substations or to a central substation unit. Connection is - dependeing on the design of the ILSA interface - via a special connector with a fiber-optic conductor or via an RS 485 interface with twisted copper wires. The selection and assembly of an appropriately cut optical fiber connecting cable requires special knowledge and expertise and is therefore not covered by this operating manual.
Before connecting or removing the fiber-optic interface, the supply voltage of the protection device must be switched off.
Connection of the RS 485 interface to other devices is via a 2-pole twisted conductor cable. For further guidelines on connecting the ILSA interface, please see the manual Bus Technology in Integrated Protection and Control Systems for Substations (ILS).
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All data required for operation of the protection device are entered from the local control panel, and the data important for system management are read out there as well. The local control panel permits the following specific functions:
Value The value of the information or parameter just selected is displayed. Address The address of the information or parameter just selected is displayed. Up and Down Keys Addresses can be selected, parameter values changed and event records read out by pressing the up and down keys. Address Selection: In the normal addressing mode, the two pairs of keys are decoupled from one another and affect the address display. The x coordinate of the address being selected can be set using the left pair of keys, and the y coordinate can be set using the right pair of keys. The respective coordinate can be incremented by pressing the up key and decremented by pressing the down key. Changing Parameter Values: Parameter values can only be changed in the input mode, which is signaled by the red LED indicator on the enter key (E). In the input mode the two pairs of up and down keys are generally coupled and have the same effect on the value display. The system runs through a value range, which is defined separa- tely for each address together with the incrementation (see Address List in the appendix). The next higher value is obtained by pressing the up key, and the next lower value by pressing the down key. Event Record Readout:
Readout and modification of settings Readout of updated measured operating data and state signals as well as stored monitoring signals Readout and resetting of counters Resetting of the parallel display (LEDs) and other control functions for testing and startup
Control is also possible from the PC interface. In that case the FPC control program is required, along with a special connection cable (see chapter 13 Accessories and Spare Parts) and a suitable PC. 6.1 Display and Keyboard The local control panel consists of two 4-digit, 7-segment displays, six function keys and 12 LED indicators.
0 03 10
x y
Value Address
Reset Key
Readout of event records is possible after the appropriate memory has been accessed; this is signaled by the red LED indicator on the enter key (E). In this control mode the two pairs of up and down keys have different functions.
Enter To enter the input mode, press enter key (E). Press a second time to leave the input mode. Activation of the input mode is signaled by the red LED indicator on the enter key (E).
The settings, signals and measured values are numerically coded. This code is called the address and is displayed in the lower of the two 7-segment displays on the local control panel. The value associated with the address is displayed in the upper 7-segment display.
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Reset The LED indicators can be reset by pressing the reset key (R). The event records are not affected and remain in the event memories. Other functions of the reset key include deactivation of the input mode (with no further consequences) and keyboard locking. The following diagrams of the individual control steps indicate which specific display can be changed by pressing the up or down keys. A solid black dot in the upper left corner of the enter key indicates that the red LED indicator is lit up. The addresses used in the examples below are not necessarily valid for the PD 521; they serve to illustrate the principles of local control. 6.2 Address Selection Addresses are selected by pressing the two pairs of up and down keys. As long as the keys are being pressed, the value display remains dark. Approximately 1 second after the keys are released the value associated with the selected address will appear in the value display. In principle, any address in the entire address range from 00 00 to 99 99 can be selected. If, however, an address is selected that is not used in the PD 521, the value display will remain dark. The existence of entries in the signal or monitoring signal memories is indicated during operation. This is indicated by the fact that while the up and down keys are being pressed the value display does not remain dark; instead, the following messages are displayed:
6.3 Change-Enabling Function Although it is possible to select any address and read the associated value by pressing the up and down keys, it is not possible to switch directly to the input mode. This safeguard prevents unwanted changes in the protective setting. If the protective setting is to be changed, the change-enabling function (address 03 10) must first be activated. The change-enabling function is naturally the only parameter that can be changed when the changeenabling function itself is not activated.
Control Step or Description Select the address for the changeenabling function by pressing the up and down keys.
x
Action
Display
F
0 03 10
y
0 03 10
x y
"L..." if there is information in the signal memory "...E" if there is information in the monitoring signal memory
If L and/or E still remain in the value display 1 second after the up and down keys have been released, then there is no information stored for that particular address. Example: Information in Signal Memory Information in Information in Monitoring Signal Signal and Memory Monitoring Signal Memories
F F
1 03 10
y
L 47 11
x y x
E 47 11
y
L
x
E
y
Press the enter key (E). The red LED indicator on the enter key will go out. The change-enabling function is active.
1 03 10
x y
47 11
E R
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To prevent the change-enabling function from accidentally remaining active after a protective setting has been changed, the enabling function is automatically canceled 100 sec after the last key has been pressed (or once the return time set at address 03 14 has elapsed). The address display immediately jumps to the settable return address (set at address 03 13). The factory-set return address is the address for the change-enabling function. The return time is restarted when any of the six control keys is pressed. Even when the change-enabling function is activated, not all parameters can be changed. For many settings it is also necessary to deactivate the protective function (address 03 30). Such settings include, for example, the configuration parameters by means of which the device interfaces can be adapted to the system. The following entries in the Change column of the address list (see Appendix C) indicate whether values can be changed or not:
03 10 03 13
y
03 10 03 13
x y
"on": The value can be changed even when the protective function is enabled. "off": The value can be changed provided that the protective function has been disabled. "-": The value cannot be modified by control action.
Set the new value (04 20, for example) by pressing an up or down key. During this process the device continues to operate with the old value.
04 20 03 13
x y
When the change-enabling function is activated, the protective function can be deactivated from address 03 30 by setting the value to 0. The protection device is factoryset so that the protective function is deactivated. 6.4 Changing Settings If all the conditions given above for a value change are satisfied, the desired setting can be entered.
Control Step or Description Action Display
F
04 20 03 13
x y
03 10
y
rejected during the setting process (red LED indicator on enter key is lit up), then press the reset key (R). The red LED indicator on the enter key will go out, and the device will continue to operate unchanged with the old value. Another address can be selected for value changing by pressing the "up" or "down" keys.
03 10 03 13
x y
100
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6.5 Memory Readout Memories can be read out after they are accessed via the appropriate entry address. For this purpose it is not necessary to activate the change-enabling function or even to deactivate the protective function. Accidental clearance of a memory via its entry address is not possible. 6.5.1 Signal Memory Readout
Control Step or Description Action Display
F
Control Step or Description Press the enter key (E). The address display changes from 03 00 to 04 20. A period is displayed after each digit in the address. This indicates that a special memory mode is now active. The fault number of the most recent fault (e.g. number 2) appears in the value display for address 04 20. In every fault record the fault number is placed at the beginning of the related fault log for identification purposes. Since for each new fault record the actual value of address 04 20 is increased by the value of "1" in order to count faults, the fault number of the most recent fault also corresponds to the number of recorded faults since the signal memory was last reset. If, after entry into the signal memory, the address 04 20 and the value "0" are indicated, then no fault is stored in the signal memory. When the up key is pressed there is no response.
Action
Display
F
2 0.4. 2.0.
x y
0 Example of a display.
x
0 03 10
y
2 0.4. 2.0.
x y
-x
- L
y
03 00
E E R
19 9 3 0.3. 9. 8.
x y
1 0.3. 8.6.
y
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Action
Display
F
Action
Display
F
L
x
1
y
4.1. 0.1.
If the display does not change when the down key for y is pressed, then the end of the record for the oldest stored fault has been reached.
10
0 4.1. 0.1.
x y
1 0.3. 8.6.
y
When the x "down" key is pressed, the display jumps to the beginning of the next older fault. If the display already showed the oldest fault, nothing changes when the x down key is pressed.
11
1 0.4. 2.0.
x y
When the x up key is pressed the display jumps to the beginning of the fault.
12
2 0.4. 2.0.
x y
1 0.4. 2.0.
y E R
2 0.4. 2.0.
y
The signal memory is exited by pressing the reset key at any location in the signal memory. The periods displayed after each digit disappear, and the address for entry into the signal memory is displayed (03 00). Any address can then be selected by pressing the up or down keys.
13
- x
- L
y
03 00
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0 Example of a display.
x
0 03 10
y
9.0. 2.8.
y
Select the address for entry into the monitoring signal memory (03 01) by pressing the up or down keys.
E- -03 01
x y
E- -03 01
x y
9.0. 2.8.
x y
9.0. 2.8.
y
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6.6 Resetting All information memories particularly the signal and monitoring signal memories and LED indicators can be reset manually. In addition, the LED indicators are automatically cleared and reset at the start of a new fault so that they always display the last fault. The user can also reset the LED indicators manually by pressing the reset key; this is always possible when the device is in the normal control mode. It always triggers an LED indicator test. The signal memory is not affected by this process so that accidental erasing of the fault record associated with the reset signal pattern is reliably prevented. Because of the signal memorys ring structure the information in this memory is automatically updated for five consecutive events, so that in principle a manual reset would not be necessary. However, if the signal memory should need to be cleared completely after function tests, for example this can be done via the corresponding reset address.
Control Step or Description Action Display
F
2 03 06
x y
0 03 06
x y
2 03 06
x y
0 Example of a display.
x
0 03 10
y
2 03 06
y
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6.7 Password-Protected Control Operations Certain actions from the local control panel, such as a manual trip command for testing purposes, have a special access lock to prevent accidental output. This special lock, called a password, consists of a specifically defined sequential combination of keys pressed within a certain time period. The following example shows the passwordprotected output of a manual trip command:
Control Step or Description Action Display
F
0 03 40
y
0 03 40
y
03 10
y
1 03 40
y
0 03 40
y
0 03 40
x y
0 03 40
x y
0 03 40
y
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6.8 Keyboard Lock After all settings have been made, the keyboard can be locked. This means that unauthorized or unintentional changes are no longer possible. To lock the keyboard the value 1 must be set at address 03 11 (password). When the keyboard is locked the only key still functionally active is the reset key. When the up or down keys are pressed there is no response from the device.
Control Step or Description Action Display
F
Action
Display
F
0 03 10
y
0 03 10
y
03 10
y
E E R
0 03 10
y
0 03 10
x y E R
0 03 10
y
If there is no response when the up and down keys or the enter key are pressed (but the R key is active and causes the LED indicators to be reset), then the keyboard is locked. The lock can be released by carrying out the following operations. However, the four keys must be pressed within 4 seconds.
0 03 10
y
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7 Settings
The PD 521 distance protection device must be adjusted to the system and to the protected equipment by means of appropriate settings. This section gives instructions for determining the proper settings. The address list in the Appendix lists all parameters with their setting ranges and incrementation or selection tables. The Set Value Record Sheets in the Appendix make it possible to keep a complete and well-organized record of all settings. The units are supplied with a factory-set configuration of settings that in most cases correspond to the default setting given in the address list. If the factory settings differ from the default settings, then this is indicated below at the appropriate points. The default settings given in the address list are activated after a cold restart. All settings must be re-entered after a cold restart.
7.1 Device Identification The device identification settings are used to record the ordering information and the design version of the protection device. They have no effect on the protective function. These settings should only be changed if the design version of the protection device is modified. 7.1.1 Ordering Information 00 00 IDENT: Device type The type designation numbers are displayed, for example, 521 for PD 521. The display cannot be altered. IDENT: Device password 1 IDENT: Device password 2 This setting is used by the FPC software for identification. For further details regarding these settings see the description of the FPC operating program. IDENT: Auxiliary voltage Setting of the auxiliary voltage employed, for example, 220 for 220 V DC. IDENT: Nominal voltage Nominal voltage setting, for example, 100 for Vnom = 100 V. IDENT: Nominal current The nominal current setting of the phase current transformers, for example, 1.0 for Inom = 1 A. IDENT: Nominal frequency The nominal frequency setting of the measuring circuits, for example, 50 for 50 Hz. IDENT: Nominal current IN The nominal current setting of the residual current transformer, for example, 1.0 for Inom = 1 A. IDENT: Add. HW modules The hardware expansion setting for the protection device. The PD 521 automatically carries out a warm restart in accordance with this setting. The value can be increased but not decreased. If a lower value is to be set, a cold restart must be carried out. This setting can only be made from the integrated local control panel.
00 48 00 49
00 50
00 51
00 52
00 53
00 54
00 80
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7.1.2 Design Version The software version of the modules used in the PD 521 can be read out at the addresses in this group. 02 00 IDENT: Data model The value displayed provides information about the data model that must be installed in the PC so that the PD 521 can be operated using the FPC operating program. This display cannot be altered. IDENT: SW version The software version installed in the hardware is displayed. This display cannot be changed.
7.2 Configuration Parameters The interfaces are adapted to the system conditions by setting the configuration parameters. 7.2.1 Control Interfaces 03 11 LOC: Access lock active Since the local control panel is always accessible, measures have been taken to allow the local control panel to be locked. A 0 setting means Locking not possible, and a setting of 1 means Locking possible. The keyboard is then locked by pressing the R key twice at any address.
Fig. 85 PC/ILSA: Test mode USER When the test mode is activated signals or measured data for PC and ILSA are identified as test mode. One of the procedures that demand activation of the test mode is the testing of the output relays via the integrated local control panel.
02 20
03 12
03 13
LOC: Autom. return addr. The address to which the display will return after the automatic return time has elapsed is set here. Thus the units will display welldefined information during operation. LOC: Autom. return time If no key on the local control panel is pressed during this set time, the following will occur automatically:
03 14
The display returns to the address defined under 03 13 The change-enabling function is canceled.
This ensures that the change-enabling function will not remain inadvertently activated over a long period of time. The keyboard is not automatically locked. 03 50
Fig. 87 ILSA: Delta V A measured voltage value is transmitted via the ILSA interface if it differs by the set delta quantity from the last measured value transmitted. Fig. 87 ILSA: Delta I A measured current value is transmitted via the ILSA interface if it differs by the set delta quantity from the last measured value transmitted.
03 51
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03 52
Fig. 87 ILSA: Delta f The measured frequency is transmitted via the ILSA interface if it differs by the set delta quantity from the last measured value transmitted. Fig. 87 ILSA: Delta t All measured data are transmitted again through the ILSA interface after this time period has elapsed. Fig. 87 ILSA: Delta P The active power is transmitted through the ILSA interface if it differs by the set delta quantity from the last measured value transmitted. Fig. 86 PC: Delta V A measured voltage value is transmitted via the PC interface if it differs by the set delta quantity from the last measured value transmitted. Fig. 86 PC: Delta I A measured current value is transmitted via the PC interface if it differs by the set delta quantity from the last measured value transmitted. Fig. 86 PC: Delta f The measured frequency is transmitted via the PC interface if it differs by the set delta quantity from the last measured value transmitted. Fig. 86 PC: Delta t All measured data are transmitted again through the PC interface after this time period has elapsed. Fig. 86 PC: Delta P The active power is transmitted through the PC interface if it differs by the set delta quantity from the last measured value transmitted. Fig. 86 PC/ILSA: Device addr. (CU) Fig. 86 PC/ILSA: Device addr. (PU) The device address is used for device identification when communication is being carried out through the serial interfaces. The device address of the communication unit (CU) and the device address of the process unit (PU) must have the identical setting.
03 70
Fig. 87 ILSA: Command enable USER ILSA interface communication enabling function.
03 53
03 54
Note: If the ILSA interface has been activated from address 00 80 and there is no ILSA connection or it is inactive, then the command enable should be set at "0". For this setting, the commands are rejected and the time synchronization signal is received and reset; cyclic measured data are not transmitted. 03 71 03 74
Fig. 87 ILSA: Baud rate The ILSA interface baud rate setting. Fig. 87 ILSA: Transm. cycl. data The measured data that are to be transmitted cyclically through the ILSA interface are selected. Fig. 87 ILSA: Sig./meas.blck. USER When the signal and measured data block is activated, no signals or measured data are transmitted through the ILSA interface. Commands to the ILSA interface are rejected.
03 55
03 76
03 56
03 57
Note: When the ILSA interface is activated via address 00 80 and there is no ILSA connection or it is not active, the signal and measured value blocking should be set to1. 03 77
Fig. 87 ILSA: Contin. general scan A continuous or background general scan means that the PD 521 transmits all settings, signals and monitoring signals through the ILSA interface during slow periods when there is not much activity. This ensures that there will be data consistency with a connected control system. The time to be set defines the minimum time difference between two telegrams. Fig. 86 PC: Command enabling PC interface communication enabling function. Fig. 86 PC: Baud rate Baud rate setting for the PC interface. Fig. 86 PC: Transm. cycl. data The measured data that are to be transmitted cyclically through the PC interface are selected.
03 58
03 59
03 68 03 69
03 80
03 81 03 84
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03 86
Fig. 86 PC: Sig./meas. val.block. When the signal and measured value blocking is activated, no signals or measured data are transmitted through the ILSA interface. Commands to the ILSA interface are rejected.
Configurable Functions
Value
03 26 03 27 04 61 04 64 36 34 36 38 36 45 36 46 36 47 36 48 36 49 36 51 36 88 36 89 37 18 37 70 37 72 37 74 38 16 38 20 40 16 40 17 65 01
Description
MAIN: Deactivate prot. EXT MAIN: Activate prot. EXT MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT PSIG: Telecom. faulty EXT CBF: Input EXT PSIG: Test telecom. EXT MAIN: Trip cmd. block EXT DIST: Zone extension EXT SOTF: Manual close EXT PSIG: Receive EXT PSIG: Blocking EXT MAIN: CB closed sig. EXT FLOC: Trigger EXT FREC: Trigger EXT MAIN: Man. trip cmd. EXT PC/ILSA: Test mode EXT ILSA: Command enable EXT ILSA: Sig./meas.block EXT MAIN: Starting trig. EXT GFDSS: GF evaluation EXT PASS. Input 1 EXT PASS. Input 2 EXT MAIN: Reset indicat. EXT
Fig.
3 3 35 42 54 52 69 23 39 50 40 37 79 81 69 85 87 87 69 54 71 71 76
7.2.2 Binary Inputs The PD 521 has two optical coupler inputs for processing binary signals from the system. The connection scheme for the binary inputs is shown in the terminal connection diagrams. The address list gives information about the configuration options for all binary inputs (see Appendix C). When configuring binary inputs it is essential to ensure that the same information cannot be processed by two binary signal inputs. This means that a given function can only be assigned to one binary signal input and not to both. A standard setting that differs from the default setting given in the address list has been factory-set. The factory setting is given in the terminal connection diagrams in the Supporting Documents supplied with each device and also in Appendix E of this manual. In order to ensure that the protection device will recognize the input signals, the triggering signals must persist for at least as long as the time periods given in the following table.
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(continued)
The operating mode of every binary signal input can be selected. It is possible to specify whether the presence or absence of a voltage (mode active high or active low, respectively) shall be interpreted as the logic 1 signal. 54 01 54 04 54 02 54 05 INP: Fct. assignm. U 1 INP: Fct. assignm. U 2 Assign functions to binary signal inputs. INP: Operating mode U 1 INP: Operating mode U 2 Specify operating mode of binary signal inputs.
7.2.4 LED Indicators The PD 521 has a total of 12 LED indicators for parallel display of binary signals. The address list gives information about the configuration options for all LED indicators (see Appendix C). A standard setting that differs from the default setting given in the address list has been factory-set for some of the freely configurable LED indicators. The factory setting is given in the terminal connection diagrams of the Supporting Documents supplied with the device and in Appendix E of this manual. 57 01 57 03 57 05 57 07 57 09 57 11 57 13 57 15 57 17 57 19 57 21 57 23 LED: Fct. assignm. H 1 LED: Fct. assignm. H 2 LED: Fct. assignm. H 3 LED: Fct. assignm. H 4 LED: Fct. assignm. H 5 LED: Fct. assignm. H 6 LED: Fct. assignm. H 7 LED: Fct. assignm. H 8 LED: Fct. assignm. H 9 LED: Fct. assignm. H 10 LED: Fct. assignm. H 11 LED: Fct. assignm. H 12 Assign functions to LED indicators. LED indicators H 1, H 2 and H 3 have permanently assigned functions.
7.2.3 Binary Outputs The PD 521 has output relays for outputting binary signals. The number and connection scheme of the available output relays are given in the terminal connection diagrams. The address list gives information about the configuration options for all binary outputs (see Appendix C). The contact data for the all-or-nothing relays permits them to be used either as command relays or as signal relays. One signal can also be assigned to several output relays simultaneously for the purpose of contact multiplication. A standard setting that differs from the default setting given in the address list has been factory-set for some of the freely configurable output relays. The factory setting is given in the terminal connection in the Supporting Documents supplied with each device and also in Appendix E of this manual. 51 01 51 03 51 05 51 07 51 09 51 11 51 13 51 15 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 1 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 2 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 3 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 4 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 5 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 6 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 7 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 8 Assign functions to output relays.
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7.3 Function Parameters 7.3.1 Global The PD 521 can be adjusted to the network and system conditions by means of a few global settings. 03 30
Fig. 3 MAIN: Protection active Deactivation or activation of the protective function. The parameters indicated by off in the address list can only be changed when protection is deactivated. The devices are shipped with the protection functions disabled. Fig. 2 MAIN: Nominal current Distance protection includes this setting when calculating all settings and measured data in 9. Therefore for proper operation of distance protection, the PD 521s nominal current, 1 A or 5 A, must be entered. Fig. 2 MAIN: Connect. meas. circ. Connection of the measuring voltage circuits determines directional measurement of the distance protection function. If the connection is made as described in Chapter 5, then the Forward setting (1) should be selected if the PD 521s forward decision will be in the direction of the outgoing feeder. If the connection direction is reversed or, given the connection direction according to Chapter 5, if the decision for forward is to be in the busbar direction, then the setting must be 2.
10 48
Fig. 4 MAIN: Neutral-point treat. The neutral-point treatment for the network must be set. Fig. 16 MAIN: Rotary field The rotary field direction, either clockwise or counterclockwise, must be set. Fig. 69 MAIN: Trip cmd. block USER The trip command is blocked from the local control panel. On delivery, the trip command is not blocked.
10 49
21 12
10 03
10 50
10 04
Fig. 12
10 51
Fig. 12 START: Rfw P-G Setting for the resistance limit of underimpedance starting for phase-to-ground loops. Fig. 12 START: Rfw P-P Setting for the resistance limit of underimpedance starting for phase-to-phase loops. Fig. 12 START: Zbw/Zfw Setting for the limit of underimpedance starting in the backward direction. Fig. 4 START: I>> Setting for the threshold operate value for overcurrent starting. Fig. 5 START: IN> Setting for the threshold operate value of the ground current stage for ground starting. Fig. 5 START: VN-G> Setting for the threshold operate value of the voltage trigger VN-G> for ground starting. If the nominal voltage of the station transformer differs from 100 V, the setting must always be referred to the nominal voltage of the PD 521 (see type identification label) and not to the nominal voltage of the station transformer.
10 52
10 53
10 30
MAIN: System frequency The nominal frequency of the network must be set. If the chosen setting is 60 = 60 Hz, the ground fault direction determination by steady-state values cannot be enabled.
Fig. 13 MAIN: Transfer for 1p For single-phase overcurrent starting without ground starting either ground starting or another phase starting needs to be transfertripped. The user may choose to always trip the ground starting function or, depending on current magnitude, ground or phase starting. See the section on Starting Logic in Chapter 3 for more information. Fig. 14 MAIN: Phase priority 2pN The selection of measured variables in the event of two-phase grounded faults is a function of the set phase priority.
10 54
10 40
10 55
10 56
10 41
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10 57
Fig. 5 START: tIN> In systems with isolated/resonant neutralpoint grounding, the operate delay tIN> should be set so that the ground currents IN that flow as the result of phase-to-ground capacitance reversals do not lead to erroneous ground starting.
10 67
Fig. 9 START: Operating mode Operating mode setting for underimpedance and undervoltage starting. The following settings are possible: o o
Without V< starting. Undervoltage starting is deactivated. With V< starting, P-G. Undervoltage starting evaluate decisions of phase-to-ground loops only. With V< start. P-G, P-P. Undervoltage starting measurement systems are switched by ground starting from phase-to-phase to phase-to-ground systems.
Note:
Starting does not occur in the case of ungrounded single-phase faults until tIN> has elapsed.tIN> should never be set less than 20 ms so that starting transfer will not anticipate starting in another phase. 10 60
Fig. 7 START: Trip tVN-G>> Using this setting it is possible to specify whether, for operation of the S T A R T : V N - G > > trigger, a trip command shall be issued after the S T A R T : t V N - G > > timer stage has elapsed.
10 68
Fig. 8 START: I> (Imin) Base current setting above which undervoltage and underimpedance starting is enabled. Fig. 9 START: V< Threshold operate value setting for undervoltage starting.
10 69
Note: A trip command is issued only if MAIN: Neutral-point treat. is set to Low-impedance grounding. 10 61
Fig. 5 START: tVN-G>> The operate delay time setting for the S T A R T : V N - G > > trigger. Fig. 5 START: VN-G>> Setting for the threshold operate value of the VN-G>> trigger for ground starting. If the nominal voltage of the station transformer differs from 100 V, the setting must always be referred to the nominal voltage of the PD 521 (see type identification label) and not to the nominal voltage of the station transformer. Fig. 12 START: > Angle setting for load masking during underimpedance starting.
10 62
Note: The undervoltage fault detection logic can be disabled with the setting 0. This is permitted only if a starting by the overcurrent fault detection logic is assured for near faults (Vsh < 2% Vnom). 25 93
Fig. 12 START: Z evaluation This setting determines whether the PD 521 will carry out the impedance calculation of the phase-to-ground loops using the phase current corrected by the set ground factor or using twice the phase current.
10 63
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12 00
Fig. 28 DIST: Zone 4 Zone 4 can be used as a special zone. This setting determines the way in which zone 4 will be utilized. The following settings are possible: o
12 06 12 08 12 10 12 12
Normal A directional and timer stage is assigned to each impedance zone. Section cable - line With this setting the impedance setting of impedance zone 4 is assigned to timer stage t1 and directional setting N1. The settings t4 and N4 are inactive. If a trip occurs in impedance zones 1 and 4 after t1 has elapsed, an external ARC can be blocked. Section line - cable With this setting the impedance setting of impedance zone 4 is assigned to timer stage t1 and directional setting N1. The settings t4 and N4 are inactive. If a tripoccurs in impedance zone 1 only, after t1 has elapsed, an external ARC can be blocked.
Fig. 23 DIST: R1 P-P (polygon) Fig. 22 DIST: R2 P-P (polygon) Fig. 22 DIST: R3 P-P (polygon) Fig. 22 DIST: R4 P-P (polygon) Resistance limit setting for impedance zones 1 to 4 in secondary values for the phase-tophase loops.
Note:
Zone 4 can be used as a special zone (see D I S T : Z o n e 4 setting). This must be taken into account when setting R4.
12 13
Fig. 22 DIST: = (polygon) The inclination of the trip polygon in the R direction for the polygonal impedance characteristic is determined using this setting. Fig. 28 DIST: Direction N1 Fig. 28 DIST: Direction N2 Fig. 28 DIST: Direction N3 Fig. 28 DIST: Direction N4 Fig. 28 DIST: Direction N5 The directional setting specifies in what direction the respective impedance stage measures referred to the basic measuring direction determined by the connection direction of the measuring circuits and setting 10 04. The following settings are possible: o o o
12 23 12 24 12 25 12 26 12 27
12 01 12 02 12 03 12 04
Fig. 23 DIST: X1 (polygon) Fig. 22 DIST: X2 (polygon) Fig. 22 DIST: X3 (polygon) Fig. 22 DIST: X4 (polygon) Reactance limit setting for impedance zones 1 to 4 in secondary values.
Note:
Zone 4 can be used as a special zone (see D I S T : Z o n e 4 setting). This must be taken into account when setting X4.
12 05 12 07 12 09 12 11
Fig. 23 DIST: R1 P-G (polygon) Fig. 22 DIST: R2 P-G (polygon) Fig. 22 DIST: R3 P-G (polygon) Fig. 22 DIST: R4 P-G (polygon) Resistance limit setting for impedance zones 1 to 4 in secondary values for the phase-toground loops.
12 28 12 29 12 30 12 31 12 32 12 33
Fig. 28 DIST: t1 Fig. 28 DIST: t2 Fig. 28 DIST: t3 Fig. 28 DIST: t4 Fig. 28 DIST: t5 Fig. 28 DIST: t6 Settings for the impedance zone stage times and the backup times.
Note:
Note:
Zone 4 can be used as a special zone (see D I S T : Z o n e 4 setting). This must be taken into account when setting R4.
Zone 4 can be used as a special zone (see D I S T : Z o n e 4 setting). This must be taken into account when setting t4. If the PD 521 is operating with protective signaling or autoreclosing control, timer stage t1 is deactivated. It is replaced by the starting time for protective signaling.
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12 34 12 35
Fig. 23 DIST: kze P-G HSR Fig. 23 DIST: kze P-P HSR The zone extension factors kze HSR can be set separately for phase-to-ground and for phase-to-phase loops. When the polygon characteristic has been selected, the zone extension factor setting changes the reactance and resistance limits for impedance zone 1. The following applies to the measurement:
12 36
Fig. 2 DIST: kG angle Angle setting for the complex ground factor kG.
kG =
Z 0 - Z pos 3 Z pos
zero-sequence impedance
Z0:
X1,ze HSR = (kze HSR) X1 R1,ze HSR = (kze HSR) R1 X1,ze HSR: R1,ze HSR: reactance changed by the zone extension factor. resistance changed by the zone extension factor.
R0 : zero-sequence impedance resistance Rpos : positive-sequ. impedance resistance X0 : zero-sequence impedance reactance X pos : positive-sequ. impedance reactance
When the circular characteristic has been selected, the The following applies to the measurement: Z1,ze HSR = (kze HSR) Z1 Z1,ze HSR: impedance changed by the zone extension factor. 12 37
If the calculated value cannot be set exactly, then the next smaller value should be set.
Fig. 2 DIST: kG abs. value Setting the absolute value for the complex ground factor kG.
kG = Z0:
Z 0 - Z pos 3 Z pos
Protective signaling Switch on to fault protection An appropriately configured binary signal input.
zero-sequence impedance
kG =
If the calculated value cannot be set exactly, the next smaller value should be set.
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12 38
Fig. 25 DIST: Arc. comp. (circle) Enabling / disabling the arc compensation.
Note:
This setting is active for the setting DIST : Characteristic Circle only.
12 40
Fig. 18 DIST: Characteristic Selection of the characteristic for the distance measurement. Fig. 26 DIST: = (circle) This setting is of significance with the circular characteristic only when the setting With arc compensation is active. In this case, the setting of = determines the point at which arc compensation becomes active. Fig. 27 DIST: Z1 (circle) Fig. 26 DIST: Z2 (circle) Fig. 26 DIST: Z3 (circle) Fig. 26 DIST: Z4 (circle) Impedance limit setting for impedance zones 1 to 4 in secondary values.
12 41
10 02
12 42 12 43 12 44 12 45
Note:
Zone 4 can be used as a special zone (see D I S T : Z o n e 4 setting). This must be taken into account when setting Z4.
Pass-Through Functions
17 21 17 30 PASS: tEM1 Timer stage setting.
Fig. 71
Fig. 71 PASS: Op. mode tEM1 Selection of timer stage operating mode.
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16 69
Fig. 59 GFDSS: Operate delay BS Operate delay setting for the direction decision in the backward direction. Fig. 56 GFDSS: Connect. meas.circ. Connection of the measuring circuits determines the directional measurement function of steady-state ground fault direction determination. If the connection is as shown in Chapter 5, then the setting must be Forward (value 1) if the PD 521s forward decision is to be in the direction of the outgoing feeder. If the connection direction is reversed or given the connection direction according to Chapter 5 if the forward decision will be in the busbar direction, then the setting must be 2. Fig. 67 GFDSS: Common reset This setting determines whether the measured data of steady-state ground fault direction determination and the LED indicators shall be reset together. Fig. 59 GFDSS: Release delay LS Release delay setting for the direction decision in the forward direction. Fig. 59 GFDSS: Release delay BS Release delay setting for the direction decision in the backward direction. Fig. 54 GFDSS: Select GFD/GF This setting determines whether a steadystate power evaluation or a steady-state current evaluation shall be carried out. Fig. 56 GFDSS: f0 (GFD) Frequency setting for the measured variables that will be evaluated by steadystate power evaluation. Fig. 61 GFDSS: f0 (GF) Frequency setting for the measured variables that will be evaluated by steadystate current evaluation. Fig. 61 GFDSS: IN> Operate value setting for steady-state current evaluation. Fig. 61 GFDSS: Operate delay IN Operate delay setting for steady-state current evaluation. Fig. 61 GFDSS: Release delay IN Release delay setting for steady-state current evaluation.
16 70
16 61 16 62
16 63
16 71
16 64
GFDSS: IN,act>/IN,reac> LS Fig. 59 Setting for the threshold value of the active or reactive component of the ground current, the value that must be exceeded in order for the LS (line side) direction decision to be enabled.
Fig. 59 GFDSS: Sector angle LS Sector angle setting for measurement in the direction of the line side.
16 72
16 73
16 65
16 90
Note:
This setting is only active if the operating mode cos phi circuit has been selected.
16 91
16 66
Fig. 59 GFDSS: Operate delay LS Operate delay setting for the direction decision in the forward direction.
16 92
16 67
GFDSS: IN,act>/IN,reac> BS Fig. 59 Setting for the threshold value of the active or reactive component of the ground current, the value that must be exceeded in order for the BS (busbar side) direction decision to be enabled.
Fig. 59 GFDSS: Sector angle BS Sector angle setting for measurement in the direction of the busbar side.
16 93
16 68
16 94
Note:
This setting is only active if the operating mode cos phi circuit has been selected.
16 95
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Fault Localization
10 05
Fig. 79 FLOC: Line length This setting defines in km the section that the fault locator considers to be 100 % when calculating the fault distance. Fig. 79 FLOC: Start determination This setting determines at what point during a fault the fault data shall be measured. Fig. 79 FLOC: Line reactance This setting defines the reactance (X) that the fault locator considers to be 100% when calculating the fault distance.
10 11
17 00
10 12
17 03
Note:
A trip command is issued only if MAIN: Neutral-point treat. is set to Low-impedance grounding.
Fig. 72
17 04
Fig. 38 BUOC: tI> Operate delay for backup overcurrent-time protection. Fig. 38 BUOC: tIN> Operate delay for backup overcurrent-time protection.
17 08
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Fault Recording
03 78
Fig. 81 FREC: Pre-fault time Setting for the period during which data are recorded before the start of a fault. Fig. 81 FREC: Post-fault time Setting for the period during which data are recorded after the end of a fault. Fig. 75 FREC: Time-switching Specification of standard time or daylight saving time. This setting is necessary so that the times assigned to signals and fault data, which can be read out from the PC or ILSA interfaces, will not be incorrectly interpreted. Fig. 75 FREC: Time of day Time of day setting for time tagging of signals. Fig. 75 FREC: Date Day and month setting for dating faults and monitoring signals. Fig. 75 FREC: Year Year setting for dating faults and monitoring signals.
Protective Signaling
15 00
Fig. 50 PSIG: Operating mode The protective signaling operating mode setting. The following settings are possible:
03 79
03 95
Direct transfer trip underreaching PUTT (Permissive underreaching transfer tripping) Zone extension Signal comparison, releasing scheme Signal comparison, blocking scheme Signal comparison, pilot wire Reverse interlocking
15 02
Fig. 51 PSIG: Reset time send This setting determines the duration of the send signal. Fig. 52 PSIG: Echo on receive This setting determines whether protective signaling shall operate with or without an echo. Fig. 40 PSIG: Enabled USER Deactivation or activation of protective signaling. Fig. 41 PSIG: Tripping time The tripping time replaces distance protection timer stage t1 when protective signaling is ready. Fig. 51 PSIG: DC loop op. mode This setting determines whether the transmitting relay shall be operated in an energize-on-signal or in a normally-energized arrangement (open-circuit or closed-circuit operation).
03 96
15 03
03 97
15 04
03 98
15 11
15 12
Note:
This setting is only possible in the operating mode referred to as Signal comparison, pilot wire.
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Self-Monitoring
03 15
Fig. 35 MON: Peripheral fault This setting determines whether monitoring signals issued in the event of faults in the measuring circuits are also entered into the monitoring signal memory. Fig. 36 MON: Meas.circuit mon. Deactivation or activation of measuring-circuit monitoring.
14 01
Note:
If measuring-circuit monitoring is deactivated, backup overcurrenttime protection will operate only if the binary signal input configured MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EX T is triggered.
14 02
Fig. 36 MON: Threshold value Ineg The threshold value setting determines the permissible unbalance in the current measuring circuit. Fig. 36 MON: Trip by Ineg This setting determines whether a trip shall occur in the event of unbalance in the circuit. Fig. 37 MON: Meas. volt. circuit One of the following monitoring mechanisms is selected: o Vneg o Vneg with current enable o Voltage monitoring with CB contact enable
14 03
14 07
11 61
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The PD 521 generates a large number of signals, processes binary input signals and acquires measured data during fault-free operation of the protected object; it also acquires measured fault-related data. For statistical purposes a number of counters is maintained. This information can be read out from the integrated local control panel. 8.1 Measured Values 04 40 04 41 04 42 OMEAS: Frequency f Display of system frequency.
Fig. 73
04 55 04 56 04 57
Fig. 74 OMEAS: Load angle phi A Fig. 74 OMEAS: Load angle phi B Fig. 74 OMEAS: Load angle phi C Display of the updated load angle value in phases A, B and C. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Current A prim. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Current A p.u. Display of the updated phase current value in A as a primary quantity or referred to Inom. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Voltage A-G prim. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Voltage A-G p.u. Display of the updated value for the phaseto-ground voltage A-G as a primary value or referred to Vnom. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Voltage A-B prim. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Voltage A-B p.u. Display of the updated value for the phaseto-phase voltage A-B as a primary value or referred to Vnom. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Current B prim. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Current B p.u. Display of the updated value for the phase current in B as a primary quantity or referred to Inom. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Voltage B-G prim. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Voltage B-G p.u. Display of the updated value for the phaseto-ground voltage B-G as a primary quantity or referred to Vnom. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Voltage B-C prim. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Voltage B-C p.u. Display of the updated value for the phaseto-phase voltage B-C as a primary quantity or referred to Vnom. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Current C prim. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Current C p.u. Display of the updated phase current value in C as a primary quantity or referred to Inom. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Voltage C-G prim. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Voltage C-G p.u. Display of the updated value for the phaseto-ground voltage C-G as a primary quantity or referred to Vnom. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Voltage C-A prim. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Voltage C-A p.u. Display of the updated value for the phaseto-phase voltage C-A as a primary quantity or referred to Vnom.
05 40 05 41
05 42 05 43
Fig. 73 OMEAS: Volt. VN-G prim. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Volt. VN-G p.u. Display of the updated value for the neutralpoint displacement voltage as a primary quantity or referred to Vnom. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Current IN prim. Fig. 73 OMEAS: Current IN p.u. Display of the updated ground current value as a primary quantity or referred to Inom. Either the current calculated by the PD 521 or - if ground-fault direction determination using steady-state values is ready the measured current is displayed. Fig. 59 OMEAS: Curr. IN,act p.u. Display of the updated value of the active ground current component referred to Inom. Fig. 59 OMEAS: Curr. IN,reac p.u. Display of the updated value of the reactive ground current component referred to Inom.
05 44 05 45
04 43 04 44
06 40 06 41
04 45
06 42 06 43
04 46
04 47
OMEAS: Current IN filt. p.u. Display of the updated value for the harmonic content of the ground current, referred to Inom. This is only displayed if steady-state current evaluation is enabled.
Fig. 73 Fig. 74 OMEAS: Act. power P prim. Fig. 74 OMEAS: Act. power P p.u. Display of the updated value of active power as a primary quantity or referred to Snom. Fig. 74 OMEAS: Reac. power Q prim. Fig. 74 OMEAS: Reac. power Q p.u. Display of the updated value of reactive power as a primary quantity or referred to Snom. Fig. 74 OMEAS: Power factor Display of the updated power factor value.
06 44 06 45
04 50 04 51
07 40 07 41
04 52 04 53
07 42 07 43
04 54
07 44 07 45
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04 21
Fig. 78 FMEAS: Operating time Display of the operating time of the last fault.
04 28
The operating time is defined as the time between starting and ending of PD 521 general starting. 04 22
Fig. 79 FLOC: Fault location The fault location of the last fault is displayed in km.
Fig. 79 FMEAS: Fault reactance Display of the fault reactance of the last fault in 9 as secondary quantity. This value is only displayed if the fault has been detected by the PD 521s distance protection function. Fig. 79 FMEAS: Fault react. prim. Display of the fault reactance of the last fault in 9 as primary quantity. This value is only displayed if the fault has been detected by the PD 521s distance protection function. Fig. 80 FMEAS: Load impedance Display of load impedance in 9 when distance protection starting ends. This value is only displayed if the fault has been detected by the PD 521s distance protection function. Fig. 80 FMEAS: Load angle Display of the load angle in degrees when distance protection starting ends. This value is only displayed if the fault has been detected by the PD 521s distance protection function. Fig. 80 FMEAS: Residual current Display of the ground current of the last fault referred to Inom. This value is only displayed if the fault has been detected by the PD 521s distance protection function. Fig. 79 FMEAS: GF angle Display of the ground fault angle of the last fault in degrees. This value is only displayed if the PD 521s distance protection function selects a phaseto-ground loop for measurement. Fig. 79 FMEAS: Fault IN p.u. Display of the ground fault current of the last fault referred to Inom. This value is only displayed if the PD 521s distance protection function selects a phaseto-ground loop for measurement. Fig. 66 GFDSS: Voltage VN-G p.u. Display of the neutral-point displacement voltage of the last ground fault referred to Vnom. This value is only displayed if the steady-state power evaluation function of ground-fault direction determination is activated.
04 29
This value is only displayed if the fault has been detected by the PD 521s distance protection function. 04 23
Fig. 79 FMEAS: Fault impedance The fault impedance of the last fault is displayed in 9. This value is only displayed if the fault has been detected by the PD 521s distance protection function. Fig. 79 FMEAS: Fault loop angle The fault angle of the last fault is displayed in degrees. This value is only displayed if the fault has been detected by the PD 521s distance protection function. If fault voltages are lower than 2 V, the set angle = is displayed. Fig. 79 FMEAS: Fault current p.u. The fault current of the last fault is displayed referred to Inom.. If the fault was detected by the PD 521s distance protection function, a phase current is displayed depending on the measuring loop selected. If the fault was detected by the backup overcurrent-time protection function, then the maximum phase current is displayed. Fig. 79 FMEAS: Fault voltage p.u. The fault voltage of the last fault is displayed referred to Vnom. This value is only displayed if the fault has been detected by the PD 521s distance protection function. Fig. 79 FLOC: Fault location % The fault location of the last fault is displayed referred to the F L O C : L i n e r e a c t a n c e setting. This value is only displayed if the fault has been detected by the PD 521s distance protection function.
04 37
04 24
04 38
04 39
04 25
04 48
04 26
04 49
04 27
09 20
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Fig. 66 GMEAS: Current IN p.u. Display of the ground current of the last ground fault referred to Inom. This value is only displayed if the steady-state power evaluation function of ground fault direction determination is activated. Fig. 66 GMEAS: Curr. IN,act p.u. Display of the active component of the ground current of the last ground fault referred to Inom. This value is only displayed if the steady-state power evaluation function of ground fault direction determination is activated. Fig. 66 GMEAS: Curr. IN,reac p.u. Display of the reactive component of the ground current of the last ground fault referred to Inom. This value is only displayed if the steady-state power evaluation function of ground-fault direction determination is activated. Fig. 64 GMEAS: GF durat.steady-st Display of the ground fault duration of the last ground fault when steady-state power evaluation is being carried out by the ground fault direction determination function. Fig. 66 GMEAS: IN filtered p.u. Display of the ground current component of the last ground fault with the set filter frequency, referred to Inom. Fig. 65 GMEAS: GF durat. curr.meas Display of the ground fault duration of the last ground fault when steady-state current evaluation is being carried out.
8.2 State Signals After the respective address is selected, the value display shows a value of "0" for "signal not transmitted" or "1" for "signal transmitted." The conditions that must be satisfied for a signal to be transmitted are shown in the figures in Chapter 3. 03 26 03 27 03 28 04 60 04 61 04 62 04 63 04 64 04 65 09 35 09 36 09 37 09 38 15 08 21 13 35 00 35 01 35 02 36 00 36 01 36 02 36 03 36 04 36 05 36 09 36 13 36 14 36 15 36 16 36 17 36 18 36 19 36 20 36 21 36 26 36 27 36 28 36 29 36 30 36 31 36 34 36 35 36 38 36 45 36 46 36 47 36 48 MAIN: Deactivate prot.EXT MAIN: Activate prot. EXT MAIN: Prot. ext. activated MAIN: Protect. not ready MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT I>SIG: Overcurrent MAIN: Ground fault PSIG: Telecom. faulty EXT MAIN: Blocked/faulty GFDSS: Direct. forw. /LS GFDSS: Direct. backw. /BS GFDSS: tVN-G> elapsed GFDSS: GF curr. meas. PSIG: Enabled MAIN: Trip cmd. blocked FREC: Fault occurrence FREC: Signal mem.overflow FREC: Faulty time tag START: General starting START: Starting A START: Starting B START: Starting C START: Starting GF MAIN: General trip signal DIST: Trip signal BUOC: Starting BUOC: Trip signal START: VN-G>> triggered START: tVN-G>> elapsed CBF: CB failure DIST: Fault forward/LS DIST: Fault backward/BS PSIG: t1 revers.interlock START: Zero sequ. start DIST: t1 elapsed DIST: t2 elapsed DIST: t3 elapsed DIST: t4 elapsed DIST: t5 elapsed DIST: t6 elapsed CBF: Input EXT PSIG: Send (signal) PSIG: Test telecom. EXT MAIN: Trip cmd. block EXT DIST: Zone extension EXT SOTF: Manual close EXT PSIG: Receive EXT
Fig.: 3 Fig.: 3 Fig.: 3 Fig.: 84 Fig.: 35 Fig.: 72 Fig.: 6 Fig.: 42 Fig.: 84 Fig.: 59 Fig.: 59 Fig.: 56 Fig.: 61 Fig.: 40 Fig.: 69 Fig.: 75 Fig.: 77 Fig.: 68 Fig.: 68 Fig.: 68 Fig.: 68 Fig.: 68 Fig.: 69 Fig.: 69 Fig.: 38 Fig.: 38 Fig.: 7 Fig.: 7 Fig.: 53 Fig.: 17 Fig.: 17 Fig.: 50 Fig.: 68 Fig.: 28 Fig.: 28 Fig.: 28 Fig.: 28 Fig.: 28 Fig.: 28 Fig.: 53 Fig.: 51 Fig.: 52 Fig.: 69 Fig.: 23 Fig.: 39 Fig.: 50
09 22
09 23
09 24
09 25
09 26
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36 49 36 51 36 60 36 63 36 64 36 65 36 66 36 69 36 70 36 71 36 88 36 89 37 18 37 20 37 21 37 24 37 27 37 28 37 29 37 30 37 31 37 34 37 35 37 70 37 71 37 72 37 73 37 74 37 75 37 76 38 06 38 07 38 16 38 20 38 23 38 24 38 26 38 27 38 28 38 29 38 37 38 46 38 48 40 16 40 17 40 20
PSIG: Blocking EXT MAIN: CB closed sig. EXT PSIG: Telecom. faulty SOTF: tManual-close runn. SOTF: Trip aft. man.close DIST: Zone extension CBF: tCBF running MON: Trip by Ineg MON: Warning MAIN: General trip cmd. FLOC: Trigger EXT FREC: Trigger EXT MAIN: Man. trip cmd. EXT MON: Measuring circ.mon. BUOC: Backup DTOC mode PSIG: Send (transm. relay) PSIG: Ready PSIG: Not ready PSIG: Receive & gen.start PASS: Output 1 (updating) PASS: Output 2 (updating) PASS: Output 1 (latching) PASS: Output 2 (latching) PC/ILSA: Test mode EXT PC/ILSA: Test mode ILSA: Command enable EXT ILSA: Command enable ILSA: Sig./meas.block EXT ILSA: Sig./meas.block FREC: Trigger MAIN: Auxiliary address PSIG: Trip signal MAIN: Starting trig. EXT GFDSS: GF evaluation EXT MON: Volt. meas. circuits MON: Peripheral fault GFDSS: GFD ready GFDSS: GFD not ready GFDSS: GF ready GFDSS: GF not ready DIST: Fault in cable run MAIN: Prot. ext. disabled MON: Meas. volt. ok PASS: Input 1 EXT PASS: Input 2 EXT PASS: Output 1 (t)
Fig.: 40 Fig.: 37 Fig.: 42 Fig.: 39 Fig.: 39 Fig.: 23 Fig.: 53 Fig.: 36 Fig.: 82 Fig.: 69 Fig.: 79 Fig.: 81 Fig.: 69 Fig.: 35 Fig.: 38 Fig.: 51 Fig.: 40 Fig.: 40 Fig.: 49 Fig.: 71 Fig.: 71 Fig.: 71 Fig.: 71 Fig.: 85 Fig.: 85 Fig.: 87 Fig.: 87 Fig.: 87 Fig.: 87 Fig.: 81 Fig.: 3 Fig.: 50 Fig.: 69 Fig.: 54 Fig.: 37 Fig.: 35 Fig.: 54 Fig.: 54 Fig.: 54 Fig.: 54 Fig.: 32 Fig.: 3 Fig.: 37 Fig.: 71 Fig.: 71 Fig.: 71
54 00 54 03
INP: State U 1 INP: State U 2 The state of the binary inputs is displayed as follows:
This display appears regardless of the mode setting for the binary signal inputs. 51 00 51 02 51 04 51 06 51 08 51 10 51 12 51 14 OUTP: State K 1 OUTP: State K 2 OUTP: State K 3 OUTP: State K 4 OUTP: State K 5 OUTP: State K 6 OUTP: State K 7 OUTP: State K 8 The state of the output relays is displayed as follows:
Value of "0": output relay not activated Value of "1": output relay activated
57 00 57 02 57 04 57 06 57 08 57 10 57 12 57 14 57 16 57 18 57 20 57 22
LED: State H 1 LED: State H 2 LED: State H 3 LED: State H 4 LED: State H 5 LED: State H 6 LED: State H 7 LED: State H 8 LED: State H 9 LED: State H 10 LED: State H 11 LED: State H 12 The state of the LED indicators is displayed as follows:
Value of "0": LED indicator not activated Value of "1": LED indicator activated
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8.3 Counters 04 00 MAIN: No. general starts Number of general startings. MAIN: No. def. trip cmds Number of final trip commands.
Fig. 68
09 01
Fig. 60 GFDSS: No. GF backwd./BS Number of ground faults in the backward direction.
The counter is reset through the following addresses: 03 02 03 04 09 02 MAIN: General reset GFDSS: Reset counter
Fig. 60 GFDSS: No. GF steady-st. Number of ground faults detected by steadystate power evaluation.
The counter is reset through the following addresses: 03 02 03 06 04 19 MAIN: General reset MAIN: Res et s ig. m em ory 09 03
The counter is reset through the following addresses: 03 02 03 04 MAIN: General reset GFDSS: Reset counter
Fig. 83 MON: No. of mon.signals Number of entries into the monitoring signal memory.
Fig. 62 GFDSS: No. of GFs. (curr.) Number of ground faults detected by steadystate current evaluation.
The counter is reset through the following addresses: 03 02 03 04 MAIN: General reset GFDSS: Reset counter
The counter is reset through the following addresses: 03 02 03 06 09 00 MAIN: General reset MAIN: Reset sig. memory
Fig. 60 GFDSS: No. GF forwd./LS Number of ground faults in the forward direction.
The counter is reset through the following addresses: 03 02 03 04 MAIN: General reset GFDSS: Reset counter
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8.4 Control and Testing 00 85 MAIN: Cold restart A cold restart is executed. The setting is password-protected (see Section 6.7 Password-Protected Control Operations). A cold restart means that all settings are erased. The values that the protection device operates with after a cold restart are given in the address list in the Default column. They are selected so that the protection device is blocked after a cold restart. A cold restart only needs to be carried out if modules that are activated through address 00 80 (IDENT: Add. HW modules) are to be deactivated. 03 02 MAIN: General reset The following memories are reset:
Fig. 76
03 06
Fig. 76
LED indicators Signal memory Fault counter Measured fault data Fault records
Fig. 83
03 08
MON: Reset mon. sig. mem. The following memories are reset:
03 10
LOC: Param. change enabl. This enabling function allows values to be changed from the local control panel. MAIN: Warm restart In a warm restart the protection device functions as it does when the power supply voltage is turned on.
Fig. 69 MAIN: Man. trip cmd. USER A trip command is issued from the local control panel for a period of 100 ms. The setting is password-protected (see Section 6.7, "Password-Protected Control Operations"). Fig. 81 FREC: Triggering USER Fault recording is enabled from the local control panel for 500 ms.
All counters LED indicators Signal memory Fault counter Measured fault data Measured ground fault data Fault records
03 39
03 40
03 41
03 42 03 43
OUTP: Relay assign.f.test The relay that is to be tested is selected. OUTP: Relay test The relay selected for testing is triggered for the set time period (O U T P : H o l d - t i m e f o r t e s t , address 03 44). The operation is password-protected (see Section 6.7 "Password-Protected Control Operations"). Additionally, the test needs to be enabled by activating the test mode (address 03 12 set to 1). OUTP: Hold-time for test Setting for the triggering time for the selected output time during a function test.
03 44
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15 09
Fig. 52 PSIG: Test telecom. USER A send signal is transmitted for 500 ms. This possibility does not exist if P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e is set for "Direct transfer trip underreaching." Fig. 76 MAIN: Reset indicat. USER The following memories and storage devices are reset:
21 10
LED indicators Measured data for steady-state ground fault direction determination, if G F D S S : C o m m o n r e s e t has been set accordingly Measured fault data.
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Preparation After the PD 521 has been installed and connected in accordance with Chapter 5, the commissioning procedure can begin. Before turning on the power supply voltage, the following items must be checked again:
If the protection device is to be set and fault records read out through the PC or ILSA interface, then the following settings must first be made from the integrated local control panel. (These settings are only possible from the local control panel.)
PC: Baud rate PC: Command enabling PC: Sig./meas.val.block ILSA: Baud rate
Is the protection device connected to the protective ground at the specified location? Does the nominal value of the auxiliary device voltage VA,nom agree with the nominal value of the auxiliary system voltage? Does the nominal value of the device control voltage Vin,nom agree with the nominal value of the system control voltage? Are the current and voltage transformer connections, grounding and phase sequence correct?
I L S A : C o m m a n d e n a b l e U S E R (address 03 70) I L S A : S i g . / m e a s . b l c k . U S E R (address 03 76) IDENT: Device password 1 IDENT: Device password 2 PC/ILSA: Device addr. (CU) PC/ILSA: Device addr. (PU) FREC: Time-switching FREC: Time of day FREC: Date FREC: Year (address 00 48) (address 00 49) (address 03 68) (address 03 69) (address 03 95) (address 03 96) (address 03 97) (address 03 98)
After the wiring work is completed, check the system to make sure it is properly isolated. The conditions given in VDE 0100 must be satisfied. Once all checks have been made, the power supply voltage may be turned on. After voltage has been applied, the protection device starts up. During startup various startup tests are carried out (see Section 3.18, "SelfMonitoring"). The LED indicators for "Operation" (H2) and "Blocked/Faulty" (H3) light up. After approximately 11 s the PD 521 is ready for operation. This is indicated when the display changes from address 99 00 to the preset address (factory-set default: 03 10). In as-received condition the keyboard is not locked. Therefore all settings can be made after the change enabling command (address 03 10) has been issued. The procedure for entering settings from the integrated local control panel is described in Chapter 6.
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After the settings have been made, the following checks should be carried out once again:
Checking the Binary Signal Inputs When the binary signal inputs are configured for the appropriate signals, then it is possible to determine from the signals (see Section 8.2) whether the protection device recognizes the binary signals correctly.
Does the function assignment of the binary signal inputs agree with the terminal connection diagram? Has the correct operating mode been selected for the binary signal inputs? Does the function assignment of the output relays agree with the terminal connection plan? Have all settings been made correctly?
Address 54 00: display of the current state of binary signal input U1 Address 54 03: display of the current state of binary signal input U2
This display appears regardless of the binary signal input mode selected. Checking the Output Relays It is possible to trigger the output relays for a settable time period for test purposes (time setting at address 03 44). First set value 1 at address 03 12 ( PC/ILSA: T es t m ode USER), then select the output relay to be tested (address 03 42). Test triggering then occurs through address 03 43. It is password-protected (see Chapter 6, Section "Password-Protected Control Operations").
Testing By using the signals and displays generated by the PD 521 it is possible to determine whether the PD 521 is correctly set and properly interconnected with the station. Signals are signaled by output relays and LED indicators and entered into the signal memory. In addition, the signals can be checked by selecting the appropriate signal addresses. If the circuit breaker will not be operated during testing, the trip command can be blocked through address 21 12 or an appropriately configured binary signal input. If a test of the circuit breaker is desired, it is possible to issue a trip command for 100 ms through address 03 40 or an appropriately configured binary signal input. Selection of the trip command from the integrated local control panel is password-protected (see Section 6.7, "PasswordProtected Control Operations"). If the PD 521 is connected to a control station it is advisable to activate the test mode via address 03 12 or an appropriately configured binary signal input. The messages are then identified accordingly (reason for transmission: test mode).
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Checking the Protective Function Checking Distance Protection When checking distance protection with a single-phase test device, the measuring circuit monitoring function should be deactivated (address 14 01) since it would otherwise always operate and thus block distance protection after approximately 10 s. If the signal M A I N : M . c . b . t r i p V L S E X T is assigned to a binary signal input then the latter must have a logic value of "0." Checking the Fault Detection Logic The fault detection settings can be illustrated in a V-I diagram (see Figure 104). The slope of the impedance line plotted in the V-I diagram is a function of the settings for underimpedance fault detection logic and the phase displacement between the measured variables (see Figure 104).
When checking underimpedance fault detection logic using single-phase test current we obtain the following relation for the operate condition for a phase-to-phase loop:
V test
103 Example of the fault detection settings in a V-I diagram
I test
= 2 Z< 0
jtest = j Z
Checking I> (IN), V< and I>>: The phase displacement between the measured variables V and I should be selected so as to be smaller than the set angle START: b . Checking Z<: The phase displacement between the measured variables V and I should be selected so as to be greater than the set angle START: b .
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(continued)
where:
Z<: jZ : Vtest:
I test :
starting impedance impedance angle test voltage test current phase angle between test voltage and test current
jtest:
When checking phase-to-ground startings, the setting ST ART : Z evaluation must be taken into account. If "ZPG=VPG / 2*/P" is set then the equations set out for phase-to-phase startings apply. If, on the other hand, "ZPG=VPG /(/P + kG*IN)" is set then the complex ground factor kG that has been set must be taken into account if the setting for D I S T : k G a b s . v a l u e is not equal to one and/or the setting for D I S T : k G a n g l e is not equal to 0. When the test is carried out using singlephase test current, the following relation for the operate condition is obtained:
V test I test
The starting impedance is calculated in the range of the reactance limit, that is, for impedance angle j Z in the range jL < jz < 110 as follows:
= 1 + kG Z <
= 1 + k G e jj G Z < e jj Z
The limit angle jL is defined by the point of intersection of reactance and resistance limits and is calculated as follows:
V test I test
= 1 + k G
+ 2 k G cosjG Z <
j L = arc tan
Rfw :
X fw Rfw
cosjZ + k G cos jZ + jG
sinjZ + k G sin jZ + jG
If underimpedance fault detection logic is to be checked under all angle conditions, then the starting impedances for the individual angle ranges are calculated according to the following formulas:
Angle Range Starting Impedance
Z<:
jZ :
starting impedance impedance angle D I S T : k G a b s . v a l u e setting D I S T : k G a n g l e setting test voltage test current phase angle between test voltage and test current
b jZ jL
Z< =
(180+ b ) j Z (180+j L )
Z< =
kG :
jG :
Z< =
Vtest:
I test :
b:
START: b
setting setting
jtest :
Zbw : Zfw
START: Zbw/Zfw
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From the input measured variables the PD 521 calculates the residual current IN and the neutral-point displacement voltage VN-G, , which are used for ground starting. They are calculated according to the following formulas:
I N = I A + I B + IC 1 V A -G + V B - G + V C - G 3 = VC = 0 , the
When checking the impedance zones using single-phase test current we obtain the following relation for the operate condition for a phase-to-phase loop:
V test I test
= 2 Z<
V N -G =
= 2 Z < e jj Z
result of the calculation formula for VN-G just cited is that the START: V N - G > or S T A R T : V N - G > > triggers operate if the test voltage exceeds the following value:
Vnom 3
V test I test
= 2 Z<
j test = j Z
or setting
where
Z<:
jZ :
tripping impedance impedance angle test voltage test current phase angle between test voltage and test current
Vtest:
I test :
S T A R T : I N > s e t t i n g
j test :
Operation of ground starting is only signaled by the LED indicator if starting in a phase also operates. The operation of ground starting independent of operation of phase starting can be observed at address 36 21. The values determined by the PD 521 for the residual current IN and the neutral-point displacement voltage VN-G are displayed by the operating data displays at addresses 04 44 (current) and 04 42 (voltage).
With the PD 521, the user may choose between a polygonal and a circular tripping characteristic. This selection of the tripping characteristic will then govern the calculation of the tripping impedances.
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The tripping impedance is calculated in the range of the reactance limits, that is, for impedance angle jZ in the range jL < jZ < 90, as follows:
In the range of the resistance limits, that is, for impedance angles in the range of 0 < jZ < jL, the tripping impedance is calculated according to the following formula:
Z< = X:
X sinj Z
Settings D I S T : X1 to D I S T : X 4
Z< =
cos j Z -
sin j Z tan a
The limit angle jL is defined by the point of intersection of reactance and resistance limits and is calculated as follows:
When checking phase-to-ground loops the complex ground factor kG that has been set must be taken into account if the setting for D I S T : k G a b s . v a l u e is not equal to one and/or the setting for D I S T : k G a n g l e is not equal to 0. When the test is carried out using single-phase test current, the following relation for the operate condition is obtained:
V test I test
j L = arc tan
X R+ X tan a
= 1 + kG Z<
R:
= 1 + k G e jj G Z < e jj Z
a:
Settings
DIST: a
= 1 + k G
+ 2 k G cosjG Z <
cos j Z + k G cosj Z + j G
sinj Z + k G sinj Z + j G
tripping impedance impedance angle DIST: kG abs. value DIST: kG angle test voltage test current phase angle between test voltage and test current setting
kG :
jG
105 Impedance characteristic for distance and directional determination for the Polygon setting
setting
Vtest:
I test :
j test :
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In impedance zone 1 the set zone extension factor kze enters into the tripping impedance in all fault cases. Rtrip = kze R Xtrip = kze X where Rtrip: Xtrip: kze: actual tripping resistance actual tripping reactance Setting DIST: kze P-G HSR DIST: kze P-P HSR S etting or S etting or
If a circular tripping characteristic has been selected, the tripping impedance is set on the PD 521. If, in addition, the setting Arc compensation: yes has been chosen then, for the measurement of sine variables, the characteristic shown in Figure 106 is obtained.
R: X:
D I S T : R 4 P - G to D I S T : R 4 P - G D I S T : R 4 P - P to D I S T : R 4 P - P DIST: X1 to DIST: X4
Whether the zone extension factor kze HSR is active or not is controlled by the following protective functions:
Switch on to fault protection An appropriately configured signal input Protective signaling (teleprotection)
106 Impedance characteristic for distance and directional determination for the Circle setting
The actual tripping impedance in the ranges -45 < j Z < a and 135 < j Z < ( a + 180 ) is then calculated as follows: Z trip = Z (1 + sin @ )
In the range -45 < j Z < a the following relation holds: d = a - jZ In the range 135 < j Z < ( a + 180 ) we have: d = a - j Z + 180
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(continued)
where:
Z trip : Z:
jZ :
a:
Z<:
jZ :
tripping impedance impedance angle DIST: kG abs. value DIST: kG angle test voltage test current phase angle between test voltage and test current setting
kG :
jG
setting
When checking phase-to-ground loops the complex ground factor kG that has been set must be taken into account if the setting for D I S T : k G a b s . v a l u e is not equal to one and/or the setting for D I S T : k G a n g l e is not equal to 0. When the test is carried out using single-phase test current, the following relation for the operate condition is obtained:
Vtest:
I test :
j test :
V test I test
= 1 + kG Z<
In impedance zone 1 the set zone extension factor kze enters into the tripping impedance in all fault cases.
Ztrip = kze Z1
= 1 + k G e jj G Z < e jj Z
where
Ztrip:
For absolute amount and angle this means:
actual tripping impedance Setting DIST: kze P-G HSR DIST: kze P-P HSR S etting DIST: Z1 or
kze:
V test I test
= 1 + k G
+ 2 kG
cosjG Z <
Z1:
cos j Z + k G cosj Z + j G
sinj Z + k G sinj Z + j G
Whether the zone extension factor kze HSR is active or not is controlled by the following protective functions:
Switch on to fault protection An appropriately configured signal input Protective signaling (teleprotection)
j Z = arc tan
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In certain cases the voltage stored by the voltage memory is used for direction determination. If the voltage memory is to be tested using a single-phase test device, checking should only be done for an A-B fault. The voltage memory is enabled if the following two conditions are satisfied:
Both the current and voltage measuring circuits are monitored. Operation of the monitoring functions can be observed by selecting addresses 37 20 (operation of current or voltage monitoring) or 38 23 (operation of voltage monitoring). The monitoring signals can also be entered into the monitoring signal memory and identified by reading out the monitoring signal memory. Monitoring of current-measuring circuits functions only if 0.125 Inom flows in at least one phase. The PD 521 determines from the three phase currents the absolute value of the negative-sequence component, which is calculated according to the following formula:
I neg = 1 3
0 0
The frequency is in the range 0.99 fnom < f < 101 fnom . .
With starting the voltage memory is decoupled from the synchronizing voltage (VA-B), and the stored voltage can be used for directional measurement for 2 s maximum. The PD 521 determines, on the basis of the magnitude of the fault voltage, whether the direction will be determined using the fault voltage, the stored voltage or the set angle a (D I S T : a ). The following possibilities exist:
Angle for Direction Determination with:
Voltage memory Enabled Not enabled
0.002 Vnom < V meas < 0.15 Vnom
V meas < 0.002 Vnom
I
+ a2 I B + a IC
a = e j 120
a 2 = e j 240
where
jX jF jX a
Ineg >: M O N : T h r e s h o l d v a l u e I n e g
With a single-phase test current we obtain
I neg = 1 I 3 test
setting
jX: jF:
angle determined using the stored voltage angle determined using the selected measured variables selected measuring voltage
Vmeas:
I P,max = I test
For the operate conditions that means:
1 I (Ineg > ) I test 3 test
The method by which jX is determined is described in Chapter 3, Section "Distance and Directional Measurement." Whether connection of the distance protection function to the systems current and voltage transformers involves the correct phase can be checked using the operating data displays for load angle (addresses 04 55 to 04 57). The load angles for all three phases must be approximately equal. The load angles are only determined if at least 5% of the nominal device current is flowing.
0.333 (Ineg >) Therefore operation of current measuring circuit monitoring with single-phase test current is only possible if the threshold operate value is set smaller than 0.333.
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I neg =
If negative-sequence monitoring has been enabled, the PD 521 determines the absolute value of negativesequence voltage according to the following formula:
1 V A - G + a2 V B - G + a V C - G 3
0
IP,max = Itest
For the operate condition this means:
1 3 I test (Ineg >) I test
V neg =
a = e j 120 0 a 2 = e j 240
The trigger threshold of Vneg is set permanently at 0.2 Vnom / 3 . In the case of a single-phase test using
0.577 (Ineg> ) Therefore operation of current measuring circuit monitoring with a two-phase test current in phase opposition is only possible if the threshold operate value is set smaller than 0.577. If the threshold operate value satisfies the respective condition, then current measuring circuit monitoring operates with a test current greater than 0.125 Inom after the operate delay of 10.1 s has elapsed. Negative-sequence monitoring of the voltage measuring circuits is enabled if at least one phase-to-ground voltage exceeds the value 0.7 Vnom / 3 . Other enabling criteria that can be activated on an optional basis are the following (selection of enabling criteria at address 14 07):
V test 3 0.2
Vnom 3
A signal is not issued until the operate delay totaling 9.8 s has elapsed.
A phase current must exceed 0.05 Inom. The signal at the binary signal input configured for A R C : C B c l o s e d s i g . E X T must have a logic value of "1."
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The switch to backup overcurrent time protection (BUOC) if it has been appropriately set is brought about by measuring circuit monitoring or the tripping of the voltage transformer miniature circuit breaker on the line side. If the current exceeds the set threshold operate value BUOC: I > , then starting occurs in the corresponding phase(s). After the set time delay B U O C : t I > has elapsed, the PD 521 trips. If M A I N : N e u t r a l p o i n t t r e a t ( m e n t ) is set to "Low-impedance-grounding, then an SN start occurs if the residual current IN calculated by the PD 521 exceeds the set threshold B U O C : I N > . After the set time delay B U O C : t I N > has elapsed, the PD 521 trips. The PD 521 calculates the residual current IN according to the following formula:
The protective signaling function can only be checked if protective signaling is ready. This is displayed at address 37 27 (P S I G : R e a d y ). If protective signaling is not ready, this may be caused by the following reasons:
Protective signaling is not activated. This can be checked at address 15 04 P S I G : E n a b l e d U S E R . (The address is set to "0".) Protective signaling has been blocked by triggering a correspondingly configured binary signal input (P S I G : B l o c k i n g E X T , address 36 49). A fault has been detected in the communications channel. (This can be checked at address 36 60.)
I N = I A + I B + IC
From this we obtain in the case of a single-phase test (for example, IB = IC = 0) a test current of
If the conditions for testing are satisfied, it is possible to generate a send signal for test purposes from the integrated local control panel (address 15 09) or by triggering a correspondingly configured binary signal input (P S I G : T e s t t e l e c o m . E X T ). This pulse will be present for 500 ms and is extended for the set reset time. If the with echo" setting has been selected in the protection device at the remote station, then the received signal is returned. The "with echo" setting is only active in the following protective signaling operating modes:
PUTT (permissive underreaching transfer tripping) Zone extension Signal comparison release scheme Signal comparison blocking scheme
The possibility for testing does not exist if P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e has been set for Direct transfer trip underreaching.
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9 Commissioning
(continued)
Auxiliary Circuit in Resonant-Grounded Systems First the fuse in phase A of the voltage transformer is removed and the associated secondary side is shortcircuited (see Figures 107 and 108). As a result a displacement voltage VN-G is obtained whose magnitude is smaller by a factor of 3 than that of the displacement voltage in the case of a dead fault to ground. If the current is measured in a Holmgreen group then the current transformer in A on the secondary side must be disconnected and short-circuited (see Figure 107).
If both the ground current and the neutral-point displacement voltage formed from the three phase-toground voltages are available as measured variables, the PD 521 determines the ground fault direction through evaluation of the ground fault using steady-state values. Switching between steady-state power evaluation and steady-state current evaluation is done from the integrated local control panel or by triggering an appropriately configured binary signal input. If allowed by system operation, a ground fault can be closed on the busbar side (BS) or the line side (LS). The PD 521 must then transmit the corresponding signals. However, a requirement is that the set thresholds for ground current (G F D S S : I N , a c t > / I N , r e a c > B S or L S ) and for the neutral-point displacement voltage (G F D S S : V N - G > ) are exceeded. Because of the danger of a double ground fault, a function test involving the closing of a ground fault will not be possible in most cases. In these cases the current and voltage transformers in the system can be connected so that a function test is possible without a ground fault. The ground current measured by the PD 521 and the neutral-point displacement voltage are displayed as operating data in primary quantities and referred to the nominal quantities of the protection device (see Appendix C, "Measured Operating Data").
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(continued)
107 Auxiliary circuit in resonant-grounded systems with Holmgreen group, ground fault in BS direction
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(continued)
A pilot wire is threaded into window-type current transformers, and through it a current is taken from phase B (see Figure 108). The vectorial assignment of currents and voltages is shown in the phasor diagrams included with the terminal connection diagrams.
In the example shown below a ground fault is simulated on the line side. In order to check a ground fault on the busbar side, the pilot wire must be threaded in the opposite direction.
108 Auxiliary circuit in resonant-grounded systems with window-type current transformer, ground fault in BS direction
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(continued)
Auxiliary Circuit in Systems with Isolated Neutral First the fuse in phase A on the primary side of the voltage transformer is removed and the corresponding secondary side is short-circuited (see Figures 109 and 110). The result is a displacement voltage VN-G whose magnitude is
smaller by a factor of 3 than that of the displacement voltage in the case of a dead fault to ground. If the current is measured in a Holmgreen group, then the current transformers in A and B on the secondary side must be disconnected and short-circuited (see Figure 109).
109 Auxiliary circuit in systems with isolated neutral and Holmgreen group, ground fault in LS direction
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(continued)
A pilot wire is threaded into window-type current transformers, and through it a current is taken from phases B and C (see Figure 110). The vectorial assignment of currents and voltages is shown in the phasor diagrams included with the terminal connection diagrams.
In the example shown below a ground fault is simulated on the line side. In order to check a ground fault on the busbar side, the pilot wire must be threaded in the opposite direction.
110 Auxiliary circuit in systems with isolated neutral and window-type current transformer, ground fault in LS direction
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(continued)
Completion of Commissioning
Before the protection device is released for operation, make sure that
All memories are reset (resetting at addresses 03 02 (password-protected) and 03 08) The desired reset address is set (setting at address 03 13) The block of the trip command is canceled (address 21 12, value of "0") Protection is activated (on) (address 03 30, value of "1") The password is active (only necessary if the keyboard is to be locked) (address 03 11, value of "1").
As the last step the keyboard may be locked, as described in Chapter 6. When you leave the device, only the green LED indicator signaling "Operation" (H2) should be lit up.
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10 Troubleshooting
Listed below are several conceivable problems, their causes, and possible methods for eliminating them. This section is intended as a general orientation only, and in cases of doubt it is better to return the PD 521 to the manufacturer. In such cases the packaging instructions in the Unpacking and Packing section of Chapter 5 must be followed. Malfunctioning after Connection to the System:
90 00
MON: EPROM Checksum errors in the EPROM area. Response: warm restart or blocking Output relay: latching MON: RAM Write or read error in the RAM area. Response: warm restart or blocking Output relay: latching MON: Exception Processor malfunction. Response: warm restart or blocking Output relay: latching MON: Parameters Checksum error in settings area. Response: cold restart Output relay: latching MON: PC interface The PC interface is defective and blocked. Protection continues to operate. Response: PC interface blocking Output relay: updating MON: ILSA interface The ILSA interface is defective and is blocked. Protection continues to operate. Response: ILSA interface blocking Output relay: updating MON: Battery Common-RAM The voltage of the built-in battery is too low. Replace the battery. For additional instructions see Chapter 11. Response: none Output relay: updating MON: Monitor sig. memory The number of monitoring signals that can be stored has been exceeded. Response: No additional monitoring signals are stored. Output relay: latching MON: Signal memory Checksum error(s) in fault signal area. Response: warm restart or clearing of signals for defective fault Output relay: latching MON: Monitor sig. memory Checksum error in the area of the monitoring signal memory. Response: warm restart or clearing of monitoring signals Output relay: latching
90 01
The 7-segment displays do not light up. n Check to see whether there is supply voltage at the equipment connection points. n Check to see whether the magnitude of the auxiliary voltage is correct. The PD 521 is protected against damage resulting from polarity reversal.
90 02
90 03
Turn off the power supply voltage before carrying out further checks. Components behind the front panel are energized.
90 08
n Check to see whether the ribbon cable between input-output module and processor board is plugged in. (To do so, remove the front panel.) Where possible, disconnection of the ribbon cable between the processor module and the I/O module should be avoided. Should disconnection have occurred, however, then the device needs to be re-initialized by way of a cold restart.
90 09
90 10
n Check to see whether fuse F1 (type M1C) on the lower printed circuit board (I/O module) is OK. If the fuse is defective it should not be replaced without first determining the cause of failure. If a fuse is replaced without eliminating the problem, there is danger that the damage will spread.
90 12
The protection device signals Warning (LED H1). Identify the specific problem by reading out the monitoring signal memory (see 6.5.2 Monitoring Signal Memory Readout). The following table lists the possible monitoring signal entries, the faulty area, the PD 521 response and the mode of the output relay configured for the warning.
90 13
90 14
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(continued)
90 16
MON: PC interface The PC interface is defective. Response: none Output relay: latching MON: PC interface Fault in the PC communications area. Response: no PC communication possible Output relay: latching MON: PC interface Fault in the PC communications area. Response: no PC communication possible Output relay: latching MON: Operat. watchdog Processor malfunction. Response: warm restart or blocking Output relay: latching MON: NMI Processor malfunction. Response: warm restart or blocking Output relay: latching MON: Clock Processor timer defective. Response: warm restart or blocking Output relay: latching MON: Cold restart A cold restart was carried out. Response: none Output relay: latching MON: ILSA interface Fault in the ILSA communication area. Response: none Output relay: latching MON: ILSA interface General scan fault. Response: none Output relay: latching MON: ILSA interface Background general scan fault. Response: none Output relay: latching MON: Spontan. sig.buffer Fault in spontaneous signal buffer area. Response: none Output relay: latching
90 35
MON: Spontan. sig.buffer Memory overflow. Response: none Output relay: latching MON: ILSA/PC telegram Telegram error (message transmission error) Response: none Output relay: latching MON: ILSA interface Telegram error (message transmission error) Response: none Output relay: latching MON: Common-RAM Unknown fault. Response: none Output relay: latching MON: PC/ILSA interface Fault in area of PC/ILSA communication. Response: none Output relay: latching MON: Checksum Checksum error in the RAM area. Response: warm restart or blocking Output relay: latching MON: Clock Hardware clock fault. Response: warm restart or blocking Output relay: latching MON: Voltage meas. VLS The voltage transformer m.c.b. on the line side has tripped. Response: blocking of distance protection Output relay: updating MON: Volt.meas.circuits Negative-sequence monitoring has operated. Response: blocking of distance protection Output relay: updating MON: Backup DTOC Distance protection has been blocked, but there has been no switch to backup overcurrent-time protection (BUOC or Backup DTOC). Response: none Output relay: updating
90 17
90 36
90 18
90 37
90 21
90 42
90 25
90 43
90 27
90 70
90 28
94 02
90 31
98 00
90 32
98 01
90 33
90 34
98 02
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98 03
MON: Backup DTOC The device has switched to backup overcurrent-time protection. Response: none Output relay: updating MON: Curr. meas. circuits Negative-sequence monitoring has operated. Response: none Output relay: updating MON: Protect.sig.transm. The protective signaling transmission channel is faulty. Response: blocking of protective signaling Output relay: updating MON: Measuring circuits Ground starting has operated. Response: none Output relay: updating MON: Low voltage A phase-to-phase voltage has fallen below the 0.4 Vnom threshold. Response: none Output relay: updating
Check to see whether a Warning signal is present. If so, the warning must be identified more closely, as described above. Check to see whether the PD 521 is deactivated (off). (This can be checked at address 03 30.) Check to see whether the trip command is being blocked from the local control panel (this can be checked at address 21 12). Check to see whether the trip command is being blocked via a binary input.
98 05
n n
98 06
98 07
If none of the checks listed above are successful and the problem is not eliminated, send the unit to the manufacturer along with a detailed description of the problem.
98 09
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11 Maintenance
The PD 521 is a low-maintenance device. The components used in the units are selected so that they meet exacting requirements. Recalibration is not necessary. The PD 521 is equipped with a lithium battery for nonvolatile storage of event data and for continued operation of the internal clock in the event of a failure of auxiliary voltage. Loss of capacity due to module-internal selfdischarging amounts to less than 1% per year over a period of availability of 10 years. Since the terminal voltage remains virtually constant until capacity is exhausted, usefulness is maintained until a very low residual capacity is reached. Given a nominal capacity of 800 mAh and discharge currents of only a few mA during device storage and/or in the range of the self-discharge current during device operation, a correspondingly long service life results. It is therefore recommended that the lithium battery only be replaced after a period of about ten years. The lithium battery can be replaced without soldering. Maintenance work may only be carried out by trained personnel with the auxiliary voltage turned off. The lithium battery is located on the input-output module.
Components located behind the front panel are energized. Turn off the power supply voltage before opening the unit.
After loosening four bolts on the front side of the front panel, the local control module (front panel and processor module) can be removed once the following plugs have been removed first: The tab connector on the case The tab connector on the lower circuit board (I/O module) The ribbon cable connecting the local control module (front panel and processor module) with the I/O module The ribbon cable connecting the local control module with the optional ILSA interface (-X7 and -X8 or -X9) Check the position of the connector. Do not allow the connecting cable to kink. Where possible, disconnection of the ribbon cable between the processor module and the I/O module should be avoided. Should disconnection have occurred, however, then the device needs to be re-initialized by way of a cold restart.
The PD 521 is used as a safety device and must therefore be routinely checked for proper operation. It is recommended that the first functional test be carried out after about 6 to 12 months. Additional functional tests should be carried out at intervals of about 2 to 3 years 4 years at the maximum. Routine Functional Testing The PD 521 digital protection device incorporates in its system a very extensive self-monitoring function for hardware and software. The internal structure guarantees, for example, that communication within the processor system will be checked on a continuing basis. Nonetheless, there are a number of subfunctions that cannot be checked by the self-monitoring feature without running a test from the device terminals. The respective device-specific properties and setting parameters must be observed in such cases. In particular, none of the control and signaling circuits run to the device from the outside are checked by the selfmonitoring function.
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11 Maintenance
(continued)
Analog Input Circuits Within the PD 521 an analog-digital converter is used to convert analog measured variables. However, an instrument transformer, filter, analog multiplexer and 1/16 amplifier are also incorporated in each single measuring channel so that a test from the device terminals is required in order to verify proper functioning. The supply voltages are monitored continuously. In conjunction with self-monitoring, moreover, the measuring circuit monitoring feature integrated into the protection function can in many cases exhibit a higher sensitivity and thus detect additional deviations, depending on the parameter assignment. A static test of the analog input circuits is best carried out by operating data measurement of the primary measured operating data or by using a suitable testing device. A small measured value (in the current path the nominal current, for example) and a large measured value (in the voltage circuit the nominal voltage, for example) should be used to check the effective range of the A/D converter. In this way the total modulation range is checked, including gain change-overs. The gain change-over occurs at a modulation of 1/16 of full scale. In the distance protection function this would be at approximately 6 Inom in the current path where full modulation is 100 Inom , and in the voltage path it would be at approximately 6 V phase-toground voltage at the device terminals.
This dynamic test is not absolutely necessary since it only checks the stability of a very few passive components. On the basis of reliability analysis one can expect statistically that in 10 years in 1000 devices only one component will be outside the tolerance zone. Additional testing in the analog area, such as for the impedance or starting characteristics, is not necessary in our opinion since complete digital processing of this information is carried out on the basis of the measured analog current and voltage values. Proper operation will have been demonstrated in conjunction with the type test. The function ground fault direction determination using steady-state values can be checked in a similar way, that is by means of operating data measurement and a test device.
A check of the change-over point of gain change-over is hardly possible since the latter is determined by the hardware configuration. The only indication lies in a change in the measurement resolution. In the current path we obtain quantization levels of approximately 0.006 Inom in the lower range and 0.1 Inom in the upper range. The accuracy of operating data measurement is <3%. An important factor in evaluating device performance is the long-term performance as determined from comparison with previous measurements. In addition, a dynamic test can be used to check the response and phase relation of the current transformers and the anti-aliasing filter. This is best done by calibrating the trigger point of the first zone for a two-phase ungrounded fault. The fault current should be dimensioned so that with the set impedance a loop voltage of approximately 2 V results at the device terminals. In addition, a suitable testing device should be used that displays the two-phase ungrounded fault correctly.
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Binary Inputs
Serial Interface
The binary inputs are not checked in conjunction with selfmonitoring. Therefore a test function is integrated into the device software so that the control state of the individual input can be read out at a matrix point address (54 00 and 54 03), where "0" is low (not triggered) and "1" is high (triggered). This check should be performed for each input being used, and if necessary it can be done without disconnecting the unit wiring.
Binary Outputs
The integrated self-monitoring function of the PC interface includes the communications module (UART). The entire communications system, including the interconnection and any fiber-optic module, is always completely monitored as long as a link has been created by the FPC program or the ILSA protocol.
Other Internal Functions o Timer Stages All timer stages in the digital protection device are derived from the precision clock pulse of the microprocessor. The oscillators have a maximum error of < 100 ppm. This means that a timer stage of 10 s has a maximum error of 1 ms. For this reason, it is not possible to check the accuracy of the timer stages by functional testing, since the scatter of the starting and measuring times is greater than this error.
There is no monitoring function for the external contact circuit. In this case triggering of the all-or-nothing relays must be initiated either by protection functions or by integrated test functions. For these testing purposes, control of the output circuits is integrated into the software by way of a special control function (address 03 43). Additionally, a test function is integrated into the unit software so that the control state of the individual output relay can be read out at a matrix point address (51 00 and up): "0" means that the output relay is inactive and "1" means that the output relay is active.
However, the processor clock frequency is checked in connection with a rough monitoring routine during startup of the protection device so that it is possible to detect complete failures. In this check during system start the clock frequency of the microprocessor module is compared with the setpoint values specified for the unit.
o Power Supply Unit In the area of system monitoring there is a check for the presence of internal voltages. The internal operating voltages used in normal operation have approximately 50% of their maximum operational load.
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12 Storage
The device must be stored in a dry and clean environment. A temperature range of -25 C to +55 C (see Chapter 2) must be maintained. The relative humidity must not result in either condensation or ice formation.
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The PD 521 is supplied with standard labeling. Userspecific labeling can be written onto the reverse side of the label strips or onto blank strips available as accessories. The label strips can be accessed from the rear of the front panel.
Description Label strips (10 sets, blank) Cover frame with accessories Battery and bracket PC connection cable FPCC parameter assignment program FPCF operating program
Order No. 89512-4-0345616 89412-4-0338264 89512-4-0341946 255 002 096 251 254 271 251 254 676
Turn off any auxiliary voltage before replacing the label strips. Components located behind the front panel are energized.
After four bolts on the front panel face are loosened and the tab connector (internal grounding) is detached from the rear of the front panel, it is possible to remove the local control module (front panel and processor module), which is connected to the input-output module by a plug-in ribbon cable. The label strip can be removed or inserted from the bottom of the rear of the front panel.
! !
Before mounting the front panel, the tab connector of the grounding cable must be inserted on the rear of the front panel. Where possible, disconnection of the ribbon cable between the processor module and the I/O module should be avoided. Should disconnection have occurred, however, then the device needs to be re-initialized by way of a cold restart.
Labeling can be applied to the label strips by one of the following methods:
Overhead projector pen, waterproof type, for example, "Stabilo" brand pen, OH Pen 196 PS. Typewriter with a pure silk fabric ribbon, for example, Pelikan brand, type 58 A 371. Laser printer.
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14 Ordering Information
Order-No.
89521 -0 -
0 0 -302 -401
-303 -402 1 2
-602 -602
Variants
Nominal current Inom Inom = 1A, 4-phase Inom = 5A, 4-phase Inom = 5A, 3-phase; Inom = 1A, 1-phase Nominal frequency fnom = 50/60 Hz Nominal auxiliary voltage VA,nom VA,nom = 24 to 60 V DC / 110 to 250 V DC, 100 to 230 V AC T without ILSA-communications module with ILSA-communications module, to plastic fiber with ILSA-communications module, to glass fiber with ILSA-communications module, RS 422/485
1 2 3 2
3 0 1 2 3
Labels & supp. documents Engl. Acceptance test certificate B to DIN 50049 - 3.1B
<1> <2>
-598 -599
<1> Valid for ordering prior to device production. Available as accessory (separate position) for stock items. <2> Must be ordered prior to device production. This order extension no. will not be printed on the name label of the device or shipping box.
T
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Appendix
A Glossary B List of Signals C Address List D Set Value Record Sheets E Terminal Connection Diagrams
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Appendix
Appendix Table of Contents A A1 A2 A3 A4 B B1 B2 B 2.1 B 2.1.1 B 2.1.2 B 2.1.3 B 2.1.4 B 2.1.5 B 2.2 B 2.2.1 B 2.3 B 2.4 C C1 C 1.1 C 1.1.1 C 1.1.2 C 1.2 C 1.2.1 C 1.2.2 C 1.2.3 C 1.2.4 C 1.3 C 1.3.1 C 1.3.2 C 1.3.3 C2 C 2.1 C 2.2 C 2.2.1 C 2.2.2 C 2.2.3 C 2.2.4 C 2.3 C 2.4 C3 C 3.1 C 3.2 C 3.3 Glossary Function Groups Symbols Examples of Signal Names Symbols Used List of Signals Internal Signal Names Protection Communication Signals Monitoring Direction State Signals Monitoring Signals Ground Fault Signals Fault Signals Operating Value Measurement Control Direction General Commands Fault Data Transmission Channels System Function Coordination Address List Parameters Device Identification Ordering Information Design Version Configuration Parameters Control Interfaces Binary Inputs Binary Outputs LED Indicators Function Parameters Global Main Functions Supplementary Functions Operation Measured Operating Data State Signals Functions Binary Inputs Binary Outputs LED Indicators Control and Testing Monitoring Signals Events Event Counters Measured Fault Data Fault Signals 157 157 158 162 162 163 163 165 165 165 165 165 166 166 167 167 167 167 168 169 169 169 169 170 170 172 173 175 177 177 178 181 184 184 185 185 187 187 187 188 189 191 191 192 193 D D1 D 1.1 D 1.2 D2 D 2.1 D 2.2 D 2.3 D 2.4 D3 D 3.1 D 3.2 D 3.3 E Set Value Record Sheets Device Identification Ordering Information Design Version Configuration Parameters Control Interfaces Binary Inputs Binary Outputs LED Indicators Function Parameters Global Main Functions Supplementary Functions Terminal Connection Diagrams 195 196 196 196 197 197 198 198 198 199 199 200 202 206
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A Glossary
A 1 Function Groups BUOC: CBF: DIST: FREC: FMEAS: FLOC: GMEAS: GFDSS: Back-up overcurrent-time protection Circuit breaker failure protection Distance and directional measurement Fault recording Fault data acquisition Fault localization Ground fault measurement data Ground fault direction determination using steady-state values I>SIG: Overcurrent (I>) signal IDENT: Device identification ILSA: ILSA communications link INP: Binary input LED: LED indicators LOC: Local control panel MAIN: Main function MON: Self-monitoring OMEAS: Operating value measurement OUTP: Binary and analog output PASS: Pass-through functions PC: PC communications link START: Starting SOTF: Switch on to fault protection PSIG: Protective signaling
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A Glossary
(continued)
A 2 Symbols Graphic symbols for block diagrams Binary elements according to DIN 40900 Part 12, September 1992, IEC 617-12: amended 1991 Analog information processing according to DIN 40900 Part 13, January 1981 To document the linking of analog and binary signals, additional symbols have been used, taken from several DIN documents. As a rule, direction of the signal flow is from left to right and from top to bottom. Other flow directions are marked by an arrow. Input signals are listed on the left side of the signal flow, output signals on the right side.
Symbol
Description Components of a symbol A symbol consists of a contour or contour combination and one or more qualifiers.
Symbol
Description To obtain more space for representing a group of related elements, contours of the elements may be joined or cascaded if the following rules are met: There is no functional linkage between elements whose common contour line is oriented in the signal flow direction. Note: This rule does not necessarily apply to configurations with two or more signal flow directions, such as for symbols with a control block and an output block. There exists at least one logical link between elements whose common contour line runs perpendicularly to the signal flow direction.
Control block A control block contains an input function common to several symbols. It is used for the collective setting of several trigger elements, for example.
Output block An output block contains an output function common to several symbols.
Settable control block The four digits represent the address under which the function shown in the text after the colon may be set via the local control panel. Settable control block with function blocks The digits in the function block show the settings that are possible at this address. The text below the symbol shows the setting and the corresponding unit or meaning.
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(continued)
Symbol
Description Static input Only the state of the binary input variable is effective.
Symbol
Description (m out of n) element The output variable will be 1 only if just one input variable is 1. The number in the symbol may be replaced by any other number if the number of inputs is increased or decreased accordingly. Delay element The transition from value 0 to 1 at the output occurs after a time delay of t1 relative to the corresponding transition at the input. The transition from value 1 to 0 at the output occurs after a time delay of t2 relative to the corresponding transition at the input. t1 and t2 may be replaced by the actual delay values (in seconds or strobe ticks). Monostable flip-flop The output variable will be 1 only if the input variable changes to 1. The output variable will remain 1 for 100 ms, independent of the duration of the input value 1 (non-retriggerable). Without a 1 in the function block the monostable flip-flop is retriggerable. The time is 100 ms in this example, but it may be changed to any other duration.
Negation of an output The value up to the border line is negated at the output.
Negation of an input The input value is negated before the border line.
Dynamic input with negation Only the transition from value 1 to value 0 is effective.
AND element The output variable will be 1 only if all input variables are 1. OR element The output variable will be 1 only if at least one input variable is 1. Threshold element The output variable will be 1 only if at least two input variables are 1. The number in the symbol may be replaced by any other number.
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Symbol
Symbol
Description Amplifier The output variable is 1 only if the input variable is also 1.
Subtractor The output variable is the difference between the two input variables. A summing element is obtained by changing the minus sign to a plus sign at the symbol input. Schmitt Trigger with binary output signal The binary output variable will be 1 if the input signal exceeds a specific threshold. The output variable remains 1 until the input signal drops below the threshold again. Memory, general Storage of a binary or analog signal.
Band pass filter The output only transmits the 50 Hz component of the input signals. All other frequencies (above and below 50 Hz) are attenuated. Counter At the + input the input variable transitions from 0 to 1 are counted and stored in the function block. At the R(eset) input a transition of the input variable from 0 to 1 resets the counter to 0. Electromechanical drive in general, here a relay, for example.
Non-stable flip-flop When the input variable changes to 1, a pulse sequence is generated at the output. The ! to the left of the G indicates that the pulse sequence starts with the input variable transition (synchronized start). If there is a ! to the right of the G, the pulse sequence ends with the ending of the 1 signal at the input (synchronized stop).
Signal level converter with electrical isolation between input and output. L+ = pos. voltage input L- = neg. voltage input U1 = device identifier
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A Glossary
(continued)
Symbol
Description Input transducer with conductor and device identifiers (according to DIN EN 60445) Conductor identifiers for current inputs: for A: A1 and A2 for B: B1 and B2 for C: C1 and C2 for N: N1 and N2 Conductor identifiers for voltage inputs via transformer 1: for A: 1U for B: 1V for C: 1W for N: 1N via transformer 2: for A: 2U for B: 2V Device identifiers for current transformers: for A: T1 for B: T2 for C: T3 for N: T4 for voltage transformer 1: for A: T5 for B: T6 for C: T7 for N: T8 for VG-N transformer: T90 for voltage transformer 2: for A: T15 Change-over contact with device identifier
Symbol
Multiplier The output variable is the result of the multiplication of the two input variables. Divider The output variable is the result of the division of the two input variables. Comparator The output variable becomes 1 only if the input variable(s) are equal to the function in the function block. Formula block The output variable becomes 1 only if the input variable(s) satisfy the equation in the function block.
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A 3 Examples of Signal Names All settings and signals relevant for protection are shown in the block diagrams of Chapter 3 as follows: Signal Name K FREC: Fault start Description
A 4 Symbols Used Symbol t V Meaning Time, duration Voltage, potential difference Complex voltage Electrical current Complex current Complex impedance Modulus of complex impedance Frequency Temperature in C Sum, result Unit of electrical resistance Angle Phase angle. With subscripts: specific angle between a defined current and a defined voltage. Time constant Temperature difference in K
Internal signal names are not coded by an address. In the block diagrams they are marked with a diamond. The internal signal names used and their origins are listed in Appendix B. Signal names coded by an address are referred to once by their address (in square brackets). The source is documented in Chapters 7 and 8. Subsequent references use the signal name only. A specific setting to be used later on is shown with its signal name and the setting with preceding setting arrow.
V I I Z
Z
f d S W a j
t DT
162
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B List of Signals
B 1 Internal Signal Names Internal signal names are not coded by an address. They are indicated by a diamond in the block diagram. Internal Signal Names BUOC: Blocked by DTOC BUOC: I N> trigd. BUOC: IA triggered BUOC: IB triggered BUOC: IC triggered BUOC: SN DIST: jcorr DIST: jF DIST: jX DIST: jZ DIST: 1VA-B (stored) DIST: Dist. decision Z1 DIST: Dist. decision Z1E DIST: Dist. decision zone 1 DIST: Dist. decision zone 2 DIST: Dist. decision zone 3 DIST: Dist. decision zone 4 DIST: Imeas DIST: kze HSR = 1.0 DIST: Meas. zone 1 DIST: N1bw DIST: N1fw DIST: N2bw DIST: N2fw DIST: N3bw DIST: N3fw DIST: N4bw DIST: N4fw DIST: N5bw DIST: N5fw Figure 38 38 38 38 38 38 15 16 16 19 15 23,27 23,27 23,27 22,26 22,26 22,26 14 23,27 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
Internal Signal Names DIST: RF DIST: Selected meas.loop A-B DIST: Selected meas.loop A-G DIST: Selected meas.loop B-C DIST: Selected meas.loop B-G DIST: Selected meas.loop C-A DIST: Selected meas.loop C-G DIST: Selected meas.loop P-G DIST: Selected meas.loop P-P DIST: t0 DIST: Trip zone 1 DIST: Trip zone 2 DIST: Trip zone 3 DIST: Trip zone 4 DIST: Trip zone 5 DIST: Trip zone 6 DIST: Vmeas DIST: Voltage memory enabled DIST: XF DIST: Zmeas FREC: Fault start FREC: Reset signal mem. GFDSS: 2IN filtered GFDSS: 2VN-G filtered GFDSS: Direction BS GFDSS: Direction LS GFDSS: GF enabled GFDSS: GFD enabled GFDSS: IN> triggered GFDSS: Meas. reset GFDSS: Op. delay IN elapsed GFDSS: P GFDSS: Q GFDSS: VN-G> triggered
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163
B List of Signals
(continued)
Internal Signal Names MAIN: Automatic reset MAIN: kInom MAIN: Manual trip cmd. MAIN: Manuel reset MAIN: Protection active MAIN: Reset counter GFDSS MAIN: Time tag MAIN: Trip zone 1 MON: Current MON: Vneg triggered PSIG: Send int. PSIG: Telecom. faulty int. PSIG: Trip 1 PSIG: Trip 2 PSIG: Trip enable PSIG: Tripping time elapsed PSIG: Zone ext. SOTF: Zone extension
Figure 76 2 69 76 3 63 75 69 36 37 52 50 50 50 50 41 48 39
Internal Signal Names START: Block START: Dist. prot. starting START: Enable 1 START: Enable 2 START: Enable 3 START: Enable ZA-G START: Enable ZB-G START: Enable ZC-G START: Enable ZA-B START: Enable ZB-C START: Enable ZC-A START: IA>> triggered START: IB>> triggered START: IC>> triggered START: IN> triggered START: P-G switching START: SA START: SB START: SC START: SG START: SN0 START: SN1 START: tIN> elapsed START: Trip VN-G>> START: tVN-G>> elapsed START: VA< triggered START: VB< triggered START: VC< triggered START: VN-G> exceeded START: VN-G>> exceeded START: VPP< triggered START: ZA< triggered START: ZB< triggered START: ZC< triggered START: ZPP< triggered
Figure 3 13 8 8 8 11 11 11 11 11 11 4 4 4 5 6 13 13 13 6 13 13 5 7 5 9 9 9 5 5 9 12 12 12 12
164
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B List of Signals
(continued)
B 2 Protection Communication Signals The interface protocol complies with IEC 60870-5-103, Revision 1.5, February 3rd, 1995 Protection Communication Companion Standard 1, compatibility level 2. B 2.1 Monitoring Direction B 2.1.1 State Signals Inf. No. Address Description
Dec Hex 32 33 35 37 20 21 23 25 26 27 2E 2F 98 05 38 23 98 01 37 21 04 61 36 60 36 70 04 65 MON: Curr.meas. circuits MON: Volt.meas. circuits MON: Volt.meas. circuits BUOC: Backup DTOC mode MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT PSIG: Telecom. faulty MON: Warning MAIN: Blocked/faulty
Dec Hex 17 18 19 20 21 22 27 28 29 30 11 12 13 14 15 16 1B 1C 1D 1E 15 08 03 30 21 10 37 75 37 71 -- -40 16 40 17 40 18 40 19 PSIG: Enabled MAIN: Protection active MAIN: Reset indicat. USER ILSA: Sig./meas.block PC/ILSA: Test mode
38 39 46 47
B 2.1.3 Ground Fault Signals not supported PASS: Input 1 EXT PASS: Input 2 EXT 48 PASS: Input 3 EXT 49 PASS: Input 4 EXT 50 51 52 32 33 34 -- -09 35 09 36 not supported GFDSS: Direct. forw./LS GFDSS: Direct. backw./BS 31 -- -not supported 30 -- -not supported Inf. No. Address Description Dec Hex
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165
B List of Signals
(continued)
90
06 41
2.4
145 START: Starting C START: Starting GF MAIN: General trip cmd. BUOC: Tripping signal FMEAS: Fault react. prim. DIST: Fault forward/LS DIST: Fault backward/BS PSIG: Send (signal) PSIG: Receive & gen.start DIST: t1 elapsed 148
5 2
91
06 41 05 45 06 41 05 45 04 51 04 53
OMEAS: Current B p.u. OMEAS: Voltage A-B p.u. OMEAS: Current B p.u. OMEAS: Voltage A-B p.u. OMEAS: Act. power P p.u. OMEAS: Reac. power Q p.u. OMEAS: Current IN p.u. OMEAS: Voltage VN-G, p.u. OMEAS: Current A p.u. OMEAS: Current B p.u. OMEAS: Current C p.u. OMEAS: Voltage A-G p.u. OMEAS: Voltage B-G p.u. OMEAS: Voltage C-G p.u. OMEAS: Act. power P p.u. OMEAS: Reac. power Q p.u. OMEAS: Frequency f
146
3
92
147
4
93
04 44 04 42
94
05 41 06 41 07 41 05 43 06 43 07 43
DIST: t2 elapsed 04 51 DIST: t3 elapsed 04 53 DIST: t4 elapsed 04 40 DIST: t5 elapsed DIST: t6 elapsed START: General starting CBF: CB failure Scal: Scaling
1 2
only if address 03 74 is set to the value 1 only if address 03 74 is set to the value 2 3 only if address 03 74 is set to the value 3 4 only if address 03 74 is set to the value 4 5 only if address 03 74 is set to the value 5 166
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B List of Signals
(continued)
B 2.2 Control Direction B 2.2.1 General Commands Inf. No. Address Description
B 2.4 System Function Coordination Control Direction Initiation of general interrogation Time synchronization supported
Dec Hex supported 17 18 19 11 12 13 15 08 03 30 21 10 PSIG: Enabled MAIN: Protection active MAIN: Reset indicat. USER Monitoring Direction End of general interrogation Time synchronization B 2.3 Fault Data Transmission Channels Channel Description Reset FCB Reset CU Start / restart 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Note: Phase current IA Phase current IB Phase current IC Residual current IN Phase-to-ground voltage VA-G Phase-to-ground voltage VB-G Phase-to-ground voltage VC-G Neutral point displacement voltage VN-G The neutral point displacement voltage is calculated from the phase voltages. Identification supported supported supported supported supported not supported
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C Address List
GLOSSARY
Function Groups BUOC: CBF: DIST: FLOC: FMEAS: FREC: GFDSS: Back-up overcurrent-time protection Circuit breaker failure protection Distance and directional measurement Fault localization Fault data acquisition Fault recording Ground fault direction determination using steady-state values GMEAS: Ground fault measurement data IDENT: Device identification ILSA: ILSA communications link INP: Binary input I>SIG: Overcurrent (I>) signal LED: LED indicators LOC: Local control panel MAIN: Main function MON: Self-monitoring OMEAS: Operating value measurement OUTP: Binary and analog output PASS: Pass-through functions PC: PC communications link PSIG: Protective signaling SOTF: Switch on to fault protection START: Starting
Changing Values on: "on" (on-line) means that the value can be changed even when the protective function is enabled. off: "off" (off-line) means that the value can be changed provided that the protective function is disabled. -: "-" means that the value cannot be modified by control action. KEY f): n): o): p): u): A change in value is possible without activating the value-change enabling function. Indication "..." is possible and means that no value has been measured. Indication "-..-" is possible and means that the value is out of range. The value change is password-protected. The setting "" is represented by the "0--0" display.
168
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C Address List
(continued)
00 00 00 48 00 49 00 00 00 00 00 50 51 52 53 54
IDENT: Device type IDENT: Device password 1 IDENT: Device password 2 IDENT: IDENT: IDENT: IDENT: IDENT: Auxiliary voltage Nominal voltage Nominal current Nominal frequency Nominal current IN
521 0.00 0.00 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4176 0.00 ... 99.99 0.00 ... 99.99 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4176 4432 ... ... ... ... ... 999 999 9.9 99.9 99.9
00 80
02 00 02 20 02 60
101 1.2x
1 0.01
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169
C Address List
(continued)
03 11 03 12 03 13 03 14 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
LOC: Access lock active PC/ILSA: Test mode USER LOC: Autom. return addr. LOC: Autom. return time ILSA: ILSA: ILSA: ILSA: ILSA: PC: PC: PC: PC: PC: Delta Delta Delta Delta Delta V I f t P V I f t P
0 0 0310 100 3.0 3.0 2.0 1 15.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 1 15.0 1 1 0 19200 50 100 200 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19.2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 11 12 13 15 16 19
0 / 1 0 / 1 0 ... 60 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9999 1200 15.0 15.0 2.0 15 15.0 15.0 15.0 2.0 15 15.0 254 255
no / yes no / yes xxyy s %Vnom %Inom %fnom min %Snom %Vnom %Inom %fnom min %Snom } must be set } identical no / yes Baud Baud Baud Baud Baud Baud Baud Baud Baud kBaud Without IB IB, VA-B IB, VA-B, P, Q IN, VN-G 1+IA,IC,VAG,VBG,VCG,P,Q,f IN,VN-G, IN,act, IN,reac 6+IN,fil 1+4 2+4 3+4 5+4 5+6 5+9 1 10 0.5 0.5 0.1 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.1 1 0.5 1 1
03 68 03 69 03 70 03 71
PC/ILSA: Device addr.(CU) PC/ILSA: Device addr.(PU) ILSA: Command enable USER ILSA: Baud rate
0 ... 0 ...
0 / 1
03 74
on
03 76 03 77 03 80 03 81
ILSA: Sig./meas.blck.USER ILSA: Contin.general scan PC: Command enabling PC: Baud rate
on on on off
0 / 1 10 ... 9000/
0 / 1
170
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C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
03 84
on
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 11 12 13 15 16 19 0 / 1
Without IB IB, VA-B IB, VA-B, P, Q IN, VN-G 1+IA,IC,VAG,VBG,VCG,P,Q,f IN,VN-G, IN,act, IN,reac 6+IN,fil 1+4 2+4 3+4 5+4 5+6 5+9 no / yes
03 86
on
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C Address List
(continued)
54 01 54 04
off off
0326 0327 0461 0464 3634 3638 3645 3646 3647 3648 3649 3651 3688 3689 3718 3770 3772 3774 3816 3820 4016 4017 6501 0 / 1 0 / 1
Without function MAIN: Deactivate prot.EXT MAIN: Activate prot. EXT MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT PSIG: Telecom. faulty EXT CBF: Input EXT PSIG: Test telecom. EXT MAIN: Trip cmd. block EXT DIST: Zone extension EXT SOTF: Manual close EXT PSIG: Receive EXT PSIG: Blocking EXT MAIN: CB closed sig. EXT FLOC: Trigger EXT FREC: Trigger EXT MAIN: Man. trip cmd. EXT PC/ILSA: Test mode EXT ILSA: Command enable EXT ILSA: Sig./meas.block EXT MAIN: Starting trig. EXT GFDSS: GF evaluation EXT PASS: Input 1 EXT PASS: Input 2 EXT MAIN: Reset indicat. EXT active "low" / "high" active "low" / "high"
54 02 54 05
off off
1 1
172
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C Address List
(continued)
51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51
01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15
K K K K K K K K
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0328 0340 0461 0462 0463 0465 0935 0936 0937 0938 1508 1509 2113 3500 3600 3601 3602 3603 3604 3605 3609 3613 3614 3615 3616 3617 3618 3619 3620 3621 3626 3627 3628 3629 3630 3631 3646 3648 3649 3651 3660 3663 3664 3665 3666 3669 3670 3671 3688 3720 3721 3724 3727 3728 3729 3771 3773 3775 3776 3807 3816 3820 3823 3824
Without function MAIN: Prot. ext.activated MAIN: Man. trip cmd. USER MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT I>SIG: Overcurrent MAIN: Ground fault MAIN: Blocked/faulty GFDSS: Direct. forw./LS GFDSS: Direct. backw./BS GFDSS: tVN-G> elapsed GFDSS: GF curr. meas. PSIG: Enabled PSIG: Test telecom. USER MAIN: Trip cmd. blocked FREC: Fault occurence START: General starting START: Starting A START: Starting B START: Starting C START: Starting GF MAIN: General trip signal DIST: Trip signal BUOC: Starting BUOC: Trip signal START: VN-G>> triggered START: tVN-G>> elapsed CBF: CB failure DIST: Fault forward /LS DIST: Fault backward /BS PSIG: t1 revers.interlock START: Zero sequ. start. DIST: t1 elapsed DIST: t2 elapsed DIST: t3 elapsed DIST: t4 elapsed DIST: t5 elapsed DIST: t6 elapsed DIST: Zone extension EXT PSIG: Receive EXT PSIG: Blocking EXT MAIN: CB closed sig. EXT PSIG: Telecom. faulty SOTF: tManual-close runn. SOTF: Trip aft. man.close DIST: Zone extension CBF: tCBF running MON: Trip by Ineg MON: Warning MAIN: General trip cmd. FLOC: Trigger EXT MON: Measuring circ.mon. BUOC: Backup DTOC mode PSIG: Send (transm.relay) PSIG: Ready PSIG: Not ready PSIG: Receive & gen.start PC/ILSA: Test mode ILSA: Command enable ILSA: Sig./meas.block FREC: Trigger PSIG: Trip signal MAIN: Starting trig. EXT GFDSS: GF evaluation EXT MON: Volt. meas. circuits MON: Peripheral fault
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173
C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
GFDSS: GFD ready GFDSS: GFD not ready GFDSS: GF ready GFDSS: GF not ready DIST: Fault in cable run MON: Meas.volt. ok PASS: Input 1 EXT PASS: Input 2 EXT PASS: Output 1 (t)
174
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C Address List
(continued)
57 01 57 03 57 05 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
LED: Fct. assignm. H 1 LED: Fct. assignm. H 2 LED: Fct. assignm. H 3 LED: LED: LED: LED: LED: LED: LED: LED: LED: Fct. Fct. Fct. Fct. Fct. Fct. Fct. Fct. Fct. assignm. assignm. assignm. assignm. assignm. assignm. assignm. assignm. assignm. H 4 H 5 H 6 H 7 H 8 H 9 H 10 H 11 H 12
3670 0331 0465 0328 0340 0461 0462 0463 0935 0936 0937 0938 1508 1509 2113 3500 3600 3601 3602 3603 3604 3605 3609 3613 3614 3615 3616 3617 3618 3619 3620 3621 3626 3627 3628 3629 3630 3631 3635 3646 3649 3651 3660 3663 3664 3665 3666 3669 3671 3688 3720 3721 3727 3728 3729 3730 3731 3734 3735 3771 3773 3775 3776
MON: Warning MAIN: Operation MAIN: Blocked/faulty Without function MAIN: Prot. ext.activated MAIN: Man. trip cmd. USER MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT I>SIG: Overcurrent MAIN: Ground fault GFDSS: Direct. forw./LS GFDSS: Direct. backw./BS GFDSS: tVN-G> elapsed GFDSS: GF curr. meas. PSIG: Enabled PSIG: Test telecom. USER MAIN: Trip cmd. blocked FREC: Fault occurence START: General starting START: Starting A START: Starting B START: Starting C START: Starting GF MAIN: General trip signal DIST: Trip signal BUOC: Starting BUOC: Trip signal START: VN-G>> triggered START: tVN-G>> elapsed CBF: CB failure DIST: Fault forward /LS DIST: Fault backward /BS PSIG: t1 revers.interlock START: Zero sequ. start. DIST: t1 elapsed DIST: t2 elapsed DIST: t3 elapsed DIST: t4 elapsed DIST: t5 elapsed DIST: t6 elapsed PSIG: Send (signal) DIST: Zone extension EXT PSIG: Blocking EXT MAIN: CB closed sig. EXT PSIG: Telecom. faulty SOTF: tManual-close runn. SOTF: Trip aft. man.close DIST: Zone extension CBF: tCBF running MON: Trip by Ineg MAIN: General trip cmd. FLOC: Trigger EXT MON: Measuring circ.mon. BUOC: Backup DTOC mode PSIG: Ready PSIG: Not ready PSIG: Receive & gen.start PASS: Output 1 (updating) PASS: Output 2 (updating) PASS: Output 1 (latching) PASS: Output 2 (latching) PC/ILSA: Test mode ILSA: Command enable ILSA: Sig./meas.block FREC: Trigger
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C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
3807 3816 3820 3823 3824 3826 3827 3828 3829 3837 3848 4016 4017 4020
PSIG: Trip signal MAIN: Starting trig. EXT GFDSS: GF evaluation EXT MON: Volt. meas. circuits MON: Peripheral fault GFDSS: GFD ready GFDSS: GFD not ready GFDSS: GF ready GFDSS: GF not ready DIST: Fault in cable run MON: Meas.volt. ok PASS: Input 1 EXT PASS: Input 2 EXT PASS: Output 1 (t)
176
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C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
03 30 10 03
on off
0 1 1 5 1 2 50 60 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 1 2
0 / 1
no (=off) / yes (=on) 1 A 5 A Forward Reverse 50 Hz 60 Hz Ground P or G =f(IP,med, IP,max) Phase-to-phase loop Phase-to-ground loop Vmin C before A acyclic A before B before C cycl. A before C acyclic C before B before A cycl. B before A acyclic A before B acyclic C before B acyclic B before C acyclic Low-impedance grounding Isol./reson. w. start P-G Isol./reson.w/o start P-G Short-duration grounding Clockwise rotation Anti-clockwise rotation
10 04
on
10 30
off
50
10 40
on
10 41
2pN
on
10 48
on
10 49
on
21 12
on
0 / 1
no / yes
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177
C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
Starting 10 36 10 50 START: tI>> START: Xfw on on 0.00 10.0 0.00 ... 0.50 s W at Inom = 1 A W at Inom = 5 A W at Inom = 1 A W at Inom = 5 A 0.01 0.10 0.020
10 51 10 52 10 53 10 54 10 55 10 56 10 57 10 60 10 61 10 62 10 63 10 67
START: Rfw P-G START: Rfw P-P START: Zbw/Zfw START: I>> START: IN> START: VN-G> START: tIN> START: Trip tVN-G>> START: tVN-G>> START: VN-G>> START: START: Operating mode
on on on on on on on on on on on on
0.10 ... 300.0 0.020 ... 60.00 0.10 ... 0.50 ... 0.10 ... 0.02 ... 0.00 ... 4.00 8.00 2.00 1.00 0.50
Inom Inom Vnom/3 s no / yes s Vnom/3 W/o V</Z< starting With V</Z< starting P-G With V</Z< start.P-G, P-P
0 / 1 0.00 ... 60.00 0.20 ... 15 ... 0 1 2 0.10 ... 0.00 ... 1 2 1.00 0.90 1.00 65
0.01 0.01 1
10 68 10 69 25 93
on on on
0.20 0.70 1
0.01 0.01
Distance and Directional Measurement 12 00 DIST: Zone 4 on 1 1 2 3 4 0.10 ... 9.990 10.00 ... 200.0 0.020 ... 1.998 2.00 ... 40.00 0.10 ... 9.990 10.00 ... 200.0 0.020 ... 1.998 2.00 ... 40.00 Normal Normal Section cable - line Section line - cable W W W W W W W W at at at at at at at at Inom Inom Inom Inom Inom Inom Inom Inom = = = = = = = = 1 1 5 5 1 1 5 5 A A A A A A A A 0.01 0.10 0.002 0.020 0.01 0.10 0.002 0.020
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST:
(polygon) (polygon) (polygon) (polygon) (polygon) (polygon) (polygon) (polygon) (polygon) (polygon) (polygon) (polygon)
on on on on on on on on on on on on on
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 30.0 30.0 40.0 40.0 75
12 13
DIST: a (polygon)
40 ...
90
178
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C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST:
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5
on on on on on on on on on on on on
1 2 3
s s s s s s
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1
u) u) u) u) u) u)
12 34
1.00 ... 99.95 100.0 ... 450.0 1.00 ... 99.95 100.0 ... 450.0 0 4 9 13 18 22 27 31 36 40 45 49 54 58 63 67 72 76 81 85 90 94 99 103 108 112 117 121 126 130 135 139 144 148 153 157 162 166 171 175 180 - 4 - 9 - 13 - 18 0 4.5 9 13.5 18 22.5 27 31.5 36 40.5 45 49.5 54 58.5 63 67.5 72 76.5 81 85.5 90 94.5 99 103.5 108 112.5 117 121.5 126 130.5 135 139.5 144 148.5 153 157.5 162 166.5 171 175.5 180 -4.5 -9 -13.5 -18
12 35
on
1.20
12 36
DIST: kG angle
on
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179
C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
- 22 - 27 - 31 - 36 - 40 - 45 - 49 - 54 - 58 - 63 - 67 - 72 - 76 - 81 - 85 - 90 - 94 - 99 -103 -108 -112 -117 -121 -126 -130 -135 -139 -144 -148 -153 -157 -162 -166 -171 -175 -180 12 37 12 38 12 40 DIST: kG abs. value DIST: Arc comp. (circle) on on on 1.00 0 1 1 2 10 ... 90 0.00 ... 8.00
-22.5 -27 -31.5 -36 -40.5 -45 -49.5 -54 -58.5 -63 -67.5 -72 -76.5 -81 -85.5 -90 -94.5 -99 -103.5 -108 -112.5 -117 -121.5 -126 -130.5 -135 -139.5 -144 -148.5 -153 -157.5 -162 -166.5 -171 -175.5 -180 0.01 no / yes Polygon Circle W W W W at at at at Inom Inom Inom Inom = = = = 1 1 5 5 A A A A 1 0.01 0.10 0.002 0.020
0 / 1
DIST: Characteristic DIST: a (circle) DIST: DIST: DIST: DIST: Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4 (circle) (circle) (circle) (circle)
12 41 12 12 12 12 42 43 44 45
on on on on on
0.10 ... 9.990 10.00 ... 200.0 0.020 ... 1.998 2.00 ... 40.00
180
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C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
Back-Up OvercurrentTime Protection 14 00 BUOC: Operating mode on 0 0 1 0.50 0.10 0.00 0.00 ... 8.00 ... 2.00 ... 10.00/ ... 10.00/ w/o backup DTOC With backup DTOC Inom Inom s s 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01
17 17 17 17
00 03 04 08
on on on on
u) u)
Circuit Breaker Failure Protection 11 67 CBF: tCBF Fault Localization 10 05 FLOC: Line length on 10.0 0.01 ... 9.99 10.0 ... 500.0 1 2 3 0.10 ... 9.990 10.00 ... 200.0 0.020 ... 1.998 2.00 ... 40.00 Refer. value (e.g. km) 0.01 0.1 on 0.30 0.00 ... 10.00 s 0.01
10 11
on
Fault end Fault end/ trip during t1 Trip or trigger W W W W at at at at Inom Inom Inom Inom = = = = 1 1 5 5 A A A A 0.01 0.10 0.002 0.020
10 12
on
10.0
Fault Recording 03 78 03 79 03 95 FREC: Pre-fault time FREC: Post-fault time FREC: Time-switching on on on 40 40 0 10 ... 10 ... 0 1 0.00 ... 23.59 1.01 ... 31.12 1980 ... 2079 100 250 ms ms Standard time Daylight saving time hh:mm dd.mm 0.01 0.01 1 1 1
03 96 03 97 03 98
FREC: Time of day FREC: Date FREC: Year Ground Fault Direction Determination Using Steady-State Values
on on on
16 60 16 61 16 62 16 63
on on on on
0 1.00 0.25 1
0 / 1 0.02 ... 9.99 0.02 ... 1.00 1 2 0.003 ... 1.000 80 ... 89 0.00 ... 10.0 ... 9.99/ 60.0
0.01 0.01
16 64 16 65 16 66
on on on
0.050 86 0.10
16 67 16 68
on on
0.050 86
Inom
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181
C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
16 69
BS
on
0.10
9.99/ 60.0
0.01 0.1
u)
16 70
GFDSS: Connect.meas.circ.
on
Forward Reverse 0 / 1 no / yes s s Steady-state power Steady-state current 250 250 Hz Hz Inom s 0.001 0.01 0.1 0.01 u) 0.01 0.01
16 71 16 72 16 73 16 90
GFDSS: Common reset GFDSS: Release delay LS GFDSS: Release delay BS GFDSS: Select GFD/GF
on on on on
0 0.00 0.00 1
9.99 9.99
16 91 16 92 16 93 16 94
on on on on
50 50 0.050 0.10
0.003 ... 1.000 0.00 ... 10.0 ... 0.00 ... 9.99/ 60.0 9.99
16 95
on
0.00
14 04 14 08
on on
1.10 5.00
Inom s
Self-Monitoring 03 15 MON: Peripheral fault on 1 0 1 0 / 1 0.10 ... 1.00 0 / 1 1 2 3 W/o mon.sig. memory entry With mon.sig.memory entry no / yes IP,max no / yes Vneg Vneg with current enable Volt.mon.w.CB cont.enable
14 01 14 02 14 03 14 07
MON: Meas.circuit mon. MON: Threshold value Ineg MON: Trip by Ineg MON: Meas. volt. circuit
on on on on
1 0.20 0 1
0.05
Operation Value Measurement 10 01 10 02 OMEAS: Inom,prim. C.T. OMEAS: Vnom,prim. V.T. Pass-Through Functions 17 21 17 30 PASS: tEM1 PASS: Op. mode tEM1 on on 0.00 1 0.00 ... 10.00/ 1 2 3 s Operate delayed Passing make contact Passing break contact 0.01 u) on on 1000 100.0 1 ... 3000 0.1 ... 800.0 A kV 1 0.1
182
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
Protective Signaling 15 00 PSIG: Operating mode on 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0.00 ... 10.00 0 / 1 0 / 1 0.00 ... 10.00/ 1 2 Direct trans.trip underr. PUTT Zone extension Signal comp.releas.scheme Signal comp. block.scheme Signal comp. pilot wire Reverse interlocking s without / with no / yes s Transm.relay break cont. Transm.relay make contact 0.01 u) 0.01
15 02 15 03 15 04 15 11 15 12
PSIG: Reset time send PSIG: Echo on receive PSIG: Enabled USER PSIG: Tripping time PSIG: DC loop op. mode
on on on on on
0.25 0 0 0.08 1
Switch On To Fault Protection 11 60 11 61 SOTF: Manual close timer SOTF: Operating mode on on 1.00 1 0.00 ... 10.00 1 2 s Trip with starting Zone extension 0.01
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
183
C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
04 40 04 41 04 42 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 43 44 45 46 47 50 51 52 53
OMEAS: Frequency f OMEAS: Volt. VN-G, prim. OMEAS: Volt. VN-G, p.u. OMEAS: OMEAS: OMEAS: OMEAS: OMEAS: OMEAS: OMEAS: OMEAS: OMEAS: Current IN prim. Current IN p.u. Curr. IN,act. p.u. Curr. IN,reac p.u. Curr. IN filt. p.u Act. power P prim. Act. power P p.u. Reac. power Q prim Reac. power Q p.u.
0.00 ... 99.99 0.00 ... 99.99 0.000 ... 1.500 0 ... 0.000 ... 0.000 ... 0.000 ... 0.000 ... -999 ... -7.50 ... -999 ... -7.50 ... -1.00 ... -180 ... -180 ... -180 ... 9999 9.999 9.999 9.999 9.999 999 7.50 999 7.50 1.00 180 180 180
0.01 0.01 0.001 1 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 1 0.01 1 0.01 0.01
n) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n) n) n) n) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o)
04 54 04 55 04 56 04 57 05 40 05 41 05 05 05 05 42 43 44 45
OMEAS: Power factor OMEAS: Load angle phi A OMEAS: Load angle phi B OMEAS: Load angle phi C OMEAS: Current A prim. OMEAS: Current A p.u. OMEAS: OMEAS: OMEAS: OMEAS: Voltage Voltage Voltage Voltage A-G A-G A-B A-B prim. p.u. prim. p.u.
A Inom kV Vnom kV Vnom A Inom kV Vnom kV Vnom A Inom kV Vnom kV Vnom For internal use For For For For For For For For For For For internal internal internal internal internal internal internal internal internal internal internal use use use use use use use use use use use
1 1 1 1 0.01 0.1 0.01 0.1 0.01 1 0.01 0.1 0.01 0.1 0.01 1 0.01 0.1 0.01 0.1 0.01 0.001
0 ... 9999 0.00 ... 30.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 ... 999.9 ... 1.00 ... 999.9 ... 2.00
06 40 06 41 06 06 06 06 42 43 44 45
OMEAS: Current B prim. OMEAS: Current B p.u. OMEAS: OMEAS: OMEAS: OMEAS: Voltage Voltage Voltage Voltage B-G B-G B-C B-C prim. p.u. prim. p.u.
0 ... 9999 0.00 ... 30.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 ... 999.9 ... 1.00 ... 999.9 ... 2.00
07 40 07 41 07 07 07 07 42 43 44 45
OMEAS: Current C prim. OMEAS: Current C p.u. OMEAS: OMEAS: OMEAS: OMEAS: Voltage Voltage Voltage Voltage C-G C-G C-A C-A prim. p.u. prim. p.u.
0 ... 9999 0.00 ... 30.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 ... 999.9 ... 1.00 ... 999.9 ... 2.00
04 74 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 09 09 09 09 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 61 62 63 99
OMEAS: Auxiliary address MAIN: MAIN: MAIN: MAIN: MAIN: MAIN: MAIN: MAIN: MAIN: MAIN: MAIN: Auxiliary Auxiliary Auxiliary Auxiliary Auxiliary Auxiliary Auxiliary Auxiliary Auxiliary Auxiliary Auxiliary address address address address address address address address address address address
184
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C Address List
(continued)
03 03 03 04 04 04 04 04 04 09 09 09 09 15 21 35 35 35 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 37
26 27 28 60 61 62 63 64 65 35 36 37 38 08 13 00 01 02 00 01 02 03 04 05 09 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 26 27 28 29 30 31 34 35 38 45 46 47 48 49 51 60 63 64 65 66 69 70 71 88 89 18 20 21 24
MAIN: Deactivate prot.EXT MAIN: Activate prot. EXT MAIN: Prot. ext.activated MAIN: Protect. not ready MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT I>SIG: Overcurrent MAIN: Ground fault PSIG: Telecom. faulty EXT MAIN: Blocked/faulty GFDSS: Direct. forw./LS GFDSS: Direct. backw./BS GFDSS: tVN-G> elapsed GFDSS: GF curr. meas. PSIG: Enabled MAIN: Trip cmd. blocked FREC: Fault occurence FREC: Signal mem.overflow FREC: Faulty time tag START: General starting START: Starting A START: Starting B START: Starting C START: Starting GF MAIN: General trip signal DIST: Trip signal BUOC: Starting BUOC: Trip signal START: VN-G>> triggered START: tVN-G>> elapsed CBF: CB failure DIST: Fault forward /LS DIST: Fault backward /BS PSIG: t1 revers.interlock START: Zero sequ. start. DIST: t1 elapsed DIST: t2 elapsed DIST: t3 elapsed DIST: t4 elapsed DIST: t5 elapsed DIST: t6 elapsed CBF: Input EXT PSIG: Send (signal) PSIG: Test telecom. EXT MAIN: Trip cmd. block EXT DIST: Zone extension EXT SOTF: Manual close EXT PSIG: Receive EXT PSIG: Blocking EXT MAIN: CB closed sig. EXT PSIG: Telecom. faulty SOTF: tManual-close runn. SOTF: Trip aft. man.close DIST: Zone extension CBF: tCBF running MON: Trip by Ineg MON: Warning MAIN: General trip cmd. FLOC: Trigger EXT FREC: Trigger EXT MAIN: Man. trip cmd. EXT MON: Measuring circ.mon. BUOC: Backup DTOC mode PSIG: Send (transm.relay)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
185
C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 40 40 40
27 28 29 30 31 34 35 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 06 07 16 20 23 24 26 27 28 29 37 46 48 16 17 20
PSIG: Ready PSIG: Not ready PSIG: Receive & gen.start PASS: Output 1 (updating) PASS: Output 2 (updating) PASS: Output 1 (latching) PASS: Output 2 (latching) PC/ILSA: Test mode EXT PC/ILSA: Test mode ILSA: Command enable EXT ILSA: Command enable ILSA: Sig./meas.block EXT ILSA: Sig./meas.block FREC: Trigger MAIN: Auxiliary address PSIG: Trip signal MAIN: Starting trig. EXT GFDSS: GF evaluation EXT MON: Volt. meas. circuits MON: Peripheral fault GFDSS: GFD ready GFDSS: GFD not ready GFDSS: GF ready GFDSS: GF not ready DIST: Fault in cable run MAIN: Prot. ext.disabled MON: Meas.volt. ok PASS: Input 1 EXT PASS: Input 2 EXT PASS: Output 1 (t)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes For internal use no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes no / yes
186
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
C Address List
(continued)
54 00 54 03
0 / 1 0 / 1
51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51
00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14
K K K K K K K K
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
/ / / / / / / /
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57
00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
LED: LED: LED: LED: LED: LED: LED: LED: LED: LED: LED: LED:
State State State State State State State State State State State State
H 1 H 2 H 3 H 4 H 5 H 6 H 7 H 8 H 9 H 10 H 11 H 12
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
/ / / / / / / / / / / /
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive
/ / / / / / / / / / / /
active active active active active active active active active active active active
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
187
C Address List
(continued)
00 85 03 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 06 08 10 39 40 41
MAIN: Cold restart MAIN: General reset GFDSS: Reset meas. values GFDSS: Reset counter FREC: Reset sig. memory MON: Reset mon. sig. mem. LOC: Param. change enabl. MAIN: Warm restart MAIN: Man. trip cmd. USER FREC: Triggering USER OUTP: Relay assign.f.test
no / yes no / yes Reset: Reset: Reset: Reset: no no no no / / / / 2x 2x 2x 2x E E E E key Key Key Key
p) p)
1 1
p)
03 42
without function OUTP: Fct. assignm. OUTP: Fct. assignm. OUTP: Fct. assignm. OUTP: Fct. assignm. OUTP: Fct. assignm. OUTP: Fct. assignm. OUTP: Fct. assignm. OUTP: Fct. assignm. 0 / 1 no / yes 10 s For internal use
K K K K K K K K
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 p) 1
03 43 03 44 09 60 15 09 21 10
OUTP: Relay test OUTP: Hold-time for test MAIN: Auxiliary address PSIG: Test telecom. USER MAIN: Reset indicat. USER
off on
0 1
1 ...
on on
0 0
0 / 1 0 / 1
no / yes no / yes
188
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
C Address List
(continued)
03 01
on
E---
90 00
MON: EPROM
12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 1 1 1 8 9 2 3 4 3 2 0 0 7 1 3 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 4
90 01
MON: RAM
90 02
MON: Exception
Undefined op-code Division error Undefined interrupt RMX exception Prot. NMI not active Fault semaphore blocked Checksum error SCC error SCC error Low voltage Overflow Checksum error Fault record lost Fault record lost Checksum error Time-out Long telegram bef. norm. Unknown status telegram Reset NMI late Time control error Parameter loss EPROM exchange RAM without battery Invalid telegram recept. Unknown addr. at scan Unknown addr.at cont.scan Wrong data type Buffer overflow Unknown data type field Unknown status telegram Unknown fault Error for general reject. Local checksum Local total checksum Param. comp. local-global Hardware failure M.c.b. tripped Voltage unbalance Without DTOC With DTOC
90 90 90 90 90
03 08 09 10 12
90 13
90 90 90 90 90 90 90
14 16 17 18 21 25 27
Monitor sig. memory PC interface PC interface PC interface Operat. watchdog NMI Clock
90 28
90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 42 43
ILSA interface ILSA interface ILSA interface Spontan. sig.buffer Spontan. sig.buffer ILSA/PC telegram ILSA interface Common-RAM ILSA/PC interface
90 70
MON: Checksum
94 02 98 00 98 01 98 02 98 03
MON: Clock MON: Voltage meas. VLS MON: Volt.meas.circuits MON: Backup DTOC MON: Backup DTOC
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
189
C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
98 98 98 98
05 06 07 09
6 7 8 1
Current unbalance Telecom. faulty Zero sequ. start. Ext. error low voltage
Cold / Warm Start 99 00 MON: Initialization 0 1 2 3 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 30 31 43 RAM segment 0000 hex RAM segment 1000 hex RAM segment 2000 hex RAM segment 3000 hex NOVRAM EPROM segment C000 hex EPROM segment D000 hex EPROM segment E000 hex EPROM segment F000 hex Activate operating system Init.test of oper. system Power failure Wrong SW version oper.sys Wrong SW version Wrong clock
190
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
C Address List
(continued)
04 00 04 05 04 10 04 19 04 20 09 09 09 09 00 01 02 03
MAIN: No. general start. MAIN: No. trip cmds FREC: No. system disturb. MON: No. of mon.signals FREC: No. of faults GFDSS: GFDSS: GFDSS: GFDSS: No. No. No. No. GF GF GF of forwd./LS backwd./BS steady-st. GFs (curr.)
on on on on on on
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reset: 2x E Key Reset: 2x E Key Reset via 03 06 Reset via 03 08 Reset via 03 06 Reset: Reset: Reset: Reset: 2 2 2 2 x x x x E E E E key key key key
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
o) o)
o)
o) o) o) o)
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
191
C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
04 21 04 22 04 23
0.00 ... 65.00 0.0 ... 500.0 0.00 ... 9.990 10.00 ... 200.0 0.000 ... 1.998 2.00 ... 40.00 -180 ... 180 0.00 ... 99.99 0.000 ... 2.000 0.0 ... 200.0 0.00 ... 9.990 10.00 ... 200.0 0.000 ... 1.998 2.00 ... 40.00 0.00 ... 9.990 10.00 ... 490.0 0.000 ... 1.998 2.00 ... 98.00 0.00 ... 9.990 10.00 ... 200.0 0.000 ... 1.998 2.00 ... 40.00 -180 ... 180 0.00 ... 99.99 -180 ... 180 0.00 ... 99.99 0.000 ... 1.500 0.000 ... 9.999 0.000 ... 9.999 0.000 ... 9.999 0.0 ... 999.9 0.000 ... 9.999 0.0 ... 999.9
0.01 0.1 0.01 0.10 0.002 0.020 1 0.01 0.001 0.1 0.01 0.10 0.002 0.020 0.01 0.10 0.002 0.020 0.01 0.10 0.002 0.020 1 0.01 1 0.01 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.1 0.001 0.1
n)o) n)o)
04 24 04 25 04 26 04 27 04 28
FMEAS: Fault loop angle FMEAS: Fault current p.u. FMEAS: Fault voltage p.u. FLOC: Fault location % FMEAS: Fault reactance
Inom Vnom % Refer.value / reactance W W W W W W W W W W W W at at at at at at at at at at at at Inom Inom Inom Inom Inom Inom Inom Inom Inom Inom Inom Inom = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 1 5 5 1 1 5 5 1 1 5 5 A A A A A A A A A A A A
04 29
04 37
04 38 04 39 04 48 04 49 09 20 09 21 09 22 09 23 09 24 09 25 09 26
FMEAS: Load angle FMEAS: Residual current FMEAS: GF angle FMEAS: Fault IN p.u. GMEAS: Voltage VN-G p.u. GMEAS: Current IN p.u. GMEAS: Curr. IN,act p.u. GMEAS: Curr.IN,reac p.u. GMEAS: GF durat.steady-st GMEAS: IN filtered p.u. GMEAS: GF durat.curr.meas
n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o) n)o)
192
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
C Address List
(continued)
03 00
on
---L
03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 09 09 09 09 15 15 21 21 35 35 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
28 40 41 80 86 93 94 96 97 98 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 60 61 62 63 64 65 35 36 37 38 08 09 12 13 00 01 00 01 02 03 04 05 09 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 26 27 28 29 30 31 34 35 45 46 47
MAIN: Prot. ext.activated MAIN: Man. trip cmd. USER FREC: Triggering USER PC: Command enabling PC: Sig./meas. val.block. FREC: Time (milliseconds) FREC: Time (seconds) FREC: Time of day FREC: Date FREC: Year FREC: No. of faults FMEAS: Operating time FLOC: Fault location FMEAS: Fault impedance FMEAS: Fault loop angle FMEAS: Fault current p.u. FMEAS: Fault voltage p.u. FLOC: Fault location % FMEAS: Fault reactance FMEAS: Fault react. prim. MAIN: Protect. not ready MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT I>SIG: Overcurrent MAIN: Ground fault PSIG: Telecom. faulty EXT MAIN: Blocked/faulty GFDSS: Direct. forw./LS GFDSS: Direct. backw./BS GFDSS: tVN-G> elapsed GFDSS: GF curr. meas. PSIG: Enabled PSIG: Test telecom. USER MAIN: Trip cmd.block USER MAIN: Trip cmd. blocked FREC: Fault occurence FREC: Signal mem.overflow START: General starting START: Starting A START: Starting B START: Starting C START: Starting GF MAIN: General trip signal DIST: Trip signal BUOC: Starting BUOC: Trip signal START: VN-G>> triggered START: tVN-G>> elapsed CBF: CB failure DIST: Fault forward /LS DIST: Fault backward /BS PSIG: t1 revers.interlock START: Zero sequ. start. DIST: t1 elapsed DIST: t2 elapsed DIST: t3 elapsed DIST: t4 elapsed DIST: t5 elapsed DIST: t6 elapsed CBF: Input EXT PSIG: Send (signal) MAIN: Trip cmd. block EXT DIST: Zone extension EXT SOTF: Manual close EXT
0 0 0 0 0
/ / / / /
1 1 1 1 1
end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start ms s hh:mm dd.mm s Ref. unit line length W Inom Vnom % Refer.value / reactance W W end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start
p)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
193
C Address List
(continued)
Address Description x y
Change
Unit or Meaning
Increment
36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 40 40 40
48 49 51 60 63 64 65 66 69 70 71 88 89 18 20 21 28 29 70 71 72 73 74 75 07 16 20 23 24 27 29 37 48 16 17 20
PSIG: Receive EXT PSIG: Blocking EXT MAIN: CB closed sig. EXT PSIG: Telecom. faulty SOTF: tManual-close runn. SOTF: Trip aft. man.close DIST: Zone extension CBF: tCBF running MON: Trip by Ineg MON: Warning MAIN: General trip cmd. FLOC: Trigger EXT FREC: Trigger EXT MAIN: Man. trip cmd. EXT MON: Measuring circ.mon. BUOC: Backup DTOC mode PSIG: Not ready PSIG: Receive & gen.start PC/ILSA: Test mode EXT PC/ILSA: Test mode ILSA: Command enable EXT ILSA: Command enable ILSA: Sig./meas.block EXT ILSA: Sig./meas.block PSIG: Trip signal MAIN: Starting trig. EXT GFDSS: GF evaluation EXT MON: Volt. meas. circuits MON: Peripheral fault GFDSS: GFD not ready GFDSS: GF not ready DIST: Fault in cable run MON: Meas.volt. ok PASS: Input 1 EXT PASS: Input 2 EXT PASS: Output 1 (t)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start end/start
194
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
Serial No.
6.
Order No.
89521-0-
Diagram No.
89521.
Vnom
V AC
VA,nom
V DC
fnom
Hz
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
195
D 1 Device Identification D 1.1 Ordering Information Address x y 00 80 00 00 00 48 00 49 00 50 00 51 00 52 00 53 00 54 Description IDENT: Add. HW modules IDENT: Device type IDENT: Device password 1 IDENT: Device password 2 IDENT: Auxiliary voltage IDENT: Nominal voltage IDENT: Nominal current IDENT: Nominal frequency IDENT: Nominal current IN V V A Hz A 521 PD 521 Range of values Unit or Meaning
D 1.2 Design Version Address x y 02 00 02 20 02 60 Description IDENT: Data model IDENT: SW version IDENT: Auxiliary address Range of values 100 1.0x Version number Version number For internal use Unit or Meaning
196
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
D 2 Configuration Parameters D 2.1 Control Interfaces Address x y 03 11 03 12 03 13 03 14 03 50 03 51 03 52 03 53 03 54 03 55 03 56 03 57 03 58 03 59 03 68 03 69 03 70 03 71 03 74 03 76 03 77 03 80 03 81 03 84 03 86 Description LOC: Access lock active PC/ILSA: Test mode USER LOC: Autom. return addr. LOC: Autom. return time ILSA: Delta V ILSA: Delta I ILSA: Delta f ILSA: Delta t ILSA: Delta P PC: Delta V PC: Delta I PC: Delta f PC: Delta t PC: Delta P PC/ILSA: Device addr.(CU) PC/ILSA: Device addr.(PU) ILSA: Command enable USER ILSA: Baud rate ILSA: Transm. cycl. data ILSA: Sig./meas.blck.USER ILSA: Contin.general scan PC: Command enabling PC: Baud rate PC: Transm. cycl. data PC: Sig./meas. val.block Baud s Baud xxyy s %Vnom %Inom %fnom min %Snom %Vnom %Inom %fnom min %Snom } must be set } identical Range of values Unit or Meaning
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
197
D 2.2 Binary Inputs Address x y 54 01 54 04 54 02 54 05 Description INP: Fct. assignm. U 1 INP: Fct. assignm. U 2 INP: Operating mode U 1 INP: Operating mode U 2 Range of values Unit or Meaning
D 2.3 Binary Outputs Address x y 51 01 51 03 51 05 51 07 51 09 51 11 51 13 51 15 Description OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 1 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 2 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 3 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 4 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 5 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 6 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 7 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 8 Range of values Unit or Meaning
198
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D 2.4 LED Indicators Address x y 57 01 57 03 57 05 57 07 57 09 57 11 57 13 57 15 57 17 57 19 57 21 57 23 Description LED: Fct. assignm. H 1 LED: Fct. assignm. H 2 LED: Fct. assignm. H 3 LED: Fct. assignm. H 4 LED: Fct. assignm. H 5 LED: Fct. assignm. H 6 LED: Fct. assignm. H 7 LED: Fct. assignm. H 8 LED: Fct. assignm. H 9 LED: Fct. assignm. H 10 LED: Fct. assignm. H 11 LED: Fct. assignm. H 12 Range of values 36.70 03.31 04.65 MON: Warning MAIN: Operation MAIN: Blocked/faulty Unit or Meaning
D 3 Function Parameters D 3.1 Global Address x y 03 30 10 03 10 04 10 30 10 40 10 41 10 48 10 49 21 12 Description MAIN: Protection active MAIN: Nominal current MAIN: Connect. meas.curr. MAIN: System Frequency MAIN: Transfer for 1p MAIN: Phase priority 2pN MAIN: Neutral-point treat MAIN: Rotary field MAIN: Trip cmd.block USER Range of values Unit or Meaning
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D 3.2 Main Functions Address x y Starting 10 36 10 50 10 51 10 52 10 53 10 54 10 55 10 56 10 57 10 60 10 61 10 62 10 63 10 67 10 68 10 69 25 93 START: tI>> START: Xfw START: Rfw P-G START: Rfw P-P START: Zbw/Zfw START: I>> START: IN> START: VN-G> START: tIN> START: Trip tVN-G>> START: tVN-G>> START: VN-G>> START: b START: Operating mode START: I> (Imin) START: V< START: Z evaluation Inom Vnom or Vnom/3 s Vnom/3 Inom Inom Vnom/3 s s W W W Description Range of values Unit or Meaning
Distance measurement 12 00 12 01 12 02 12 03 12 04 12 05 12 06 12 07 12 08 DIST: Zone 4 DIST: X1 DIST: X2 DIST: X3 DIST: X4 DIST: R1 P-G DIST: R1 P-P DIST: R2 P-G DIST: R2 P-P (polygon) (polygon) (polygon) (polygon) (polygon) (polygon) (polygon) (polygon) W W W W W W W W
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Address x y
Description
Range of values
Unit or Meaning
12 09 12 10 12 11 12 12 12 13 12 23 12 24 12 25 12 26 12 27 12 28 12 29 12 30 12 31 12 32 12 33 12 34 12 35 12 36 12 37 12 38 12 40 12 41 12 42 12 43 12 44 12 45
W W W W
DIST: a (polygon) DIST: Direction N1 DIST: Direction N2 DIST: Direction N3 DIST: Direction N4 DIST: Direction N5 DIST: t1 DIST: t2 DIST: t3 DIST: t4 DIST: t5 DIST: t6 DIST: kze P-G HSR DIST: kze P-P HSR DIST: kG angle DIST: kG abs. value DIST: Arc comp. (circle) DIST: Characteristic DIST: a DIST: Z1 DIST: Z2 DIST: Z3 DIST: Z4 (circle) (circle) (circle) (circle) (circle)
s s s s s s
W W W W
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D 3.3 Supplementary Functions Operating Value Measurement Address x y 10 01 10 02 Description OMEAS: Inom,prim. C.T. OMEAS: Vnom,prim. V.T. Range of values A kV Unit or Meaning
Pass-Through Functions Address x y 17 21 17 30 Description PASS: tEM1 PASS: Op. mode tEM1 Range of values s Unit or Meaning
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Ground Fault Direction Determination Address x y 16 60 16 61 16 62 16 63 16 64 16 65 16 66 16 67 16 68 16 69 16 70 16 71 16 72 16 73 16 90 16 91 16 92 16 93 16 94 16 95 Description GFDSS: Enabled GFDSS: tVN-G> GFDSS: VN-G> GFDSS: Operating mode GFDSS: IN,act>/IN,reac GFDSS: Sector angle LS GFDSS: Operate delay LS GFDSS: IN,act>/IN,reac GFDSS: Sector angle BS Inom s Inom s s Vnom Range of values Unit or Meaning
GFDSS: Operate delay BS GFDSS: Connect.meas.curr. GFDSS: Common reset GFDSS: Release delay LS GFDSS: Release delay BS GFDSS: Select GFD/GF GFDSS: f0 (GFD) GFDSS: f0 (GF) GFDSS: IN> GFDSS: Operate delay IN GFDSS: Release delay IN
s s
Hz Hz Inom s s
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Fault Localization Address x y 10 05 10 11 10 12 Description FLOC: Line length FLOC: Start determination FLOC: Line reactance W Range of values Unit or Meaning
Overcurrent (I>) Signal Address x y 14 04 14 08 Description I>SIG: Thresh. value DTOC I>SIG: t Range of values Inom s Unit or Meaning
CB-Failure Protection Address x y 11 67 Description CBF: tCBF Range of values s Unit or Meaning
Back-up Protection Address x y 14 00 17 00 17 03 17 04 17 08 Description BUOC: Operating mode BUOC: I> BUOC: IN> BUOC: tI> BUOC: tIN> Inom Inom s s Range of values Unit or Meaning
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Fault Recording Address x y 03 78 03 79 03 95 03 96 03 97 03 98 Description FREC: Pre-fault time FREC: Post-fault time FREC: Time-switching FREC: Time of day FREC: Date FREC: Year hh:mm dd.mm Range of values ms ms Unit or Meaning
Protective Signaling Address x y 15 00 15 02 15 03 15 04 15 11 15 12 Description PSIG: Operating mode PSIG: Reset time send PSIG: Echo on receive PSIG: Enabled USER PSIG: Tripping time PSIG: DC loop op. mode s s Range of values Unit or Meaning
Self-monitoring Address x y 03 15 14 01 14 02 14 03 14 07 Description MON: Peripheral fault MON: Meas.circuit mon. MON: Threshold value Ineg MON: Trip by Ineg MON: Meas. volt. circuit Range of values Unit or Meaning
Switch on to Fault Protection Address x y 11 60 11 61 Description SOTF: Manual close timer SOTF: Operating mode Range of values s Unit or Meaning
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111 Terminal connection diagram for PD521 version -302 -401 -602, diagram 89521.401 part 1 of 2
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112 Terminal connection diagram for PD521 version -302 -401 -602, diagram 89521.401 part 2 of 2
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113 Terminal connection diagram for PD521 version -303 -402 -602, diagram 89521.402 part 1 of 2
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114 Terminal connection diagram for PD521 version -303 -402 -602, diagram 89521.402 part 2 of 2
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ALSTOM Energietechnik GmbH Bereich Schutz- und Schaltanlagenleittechnik System Protection P. O. Box 71 01 07 D - 60491 Frankfurt
This operating manual is drafted according to our experience and is composed conscientiously. If nevertheless you still find any mistakes in it, please tell us by this enclosed form. We are also grateful for your further hints and improvement proposals.
Operating Manual "PD 521 Distance Protection Device" Publication ID No. "89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN" Hints:
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
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Australia
Supervision equipment for the monitoring of ground faults, insulation, currents, voltages, asymmetry, frequency and reverse power
Brazil
Canada
ALSTOM T &D 25 Princes Rd. POB 22 Regents Park NSW 2143 Phone +61296450735 Fax +61297438488 ALSTOM T&D MASA SA Protection & Control Av. Interlagos, 42111 04661-300 Sao Paulo Phone +55115241044 Fax +55115483429 ALSTOM Sales Network Inc. 5112 Timberlea Blvdl. Mississauga Ontario L4W-2S5 Phone +1905-6248300 Fax +1905-6248855 ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Limited St Leonard Works Stafford ST174LX Phone +441785-223251 Fax +441785-212232 ALSTOM T&D Protection & Contrle Avenue de Figuires, B.P. 75 34975 Lattes Cedex Phone +3346720-5526 Fax +3346720-5584
Spain
France
USA
ALSTOM Sales Network,S.A. Paseo de la Castellana, 257 28046 Madrid Phone +341334.59.50 Fax +341334.59.51 ALSTOM T&D 4 Skyline Drive Hawthorne New York 10532-2160 California 90034 Phone +1-914347-5166 Fax +1-914347-5508
AFSV.12.06470/0500EN
Printed in Germany
ALS TOM Energietechnik GmbH Energy Automation & Information Lyoner Strae 44-48 60528 Frankfurt P ostfach 71 01 07 60491 Frankfurt Telefon (0 69) 66 32 - 33 33 Telefax (0 69) 66 32 - 25 48 www.tde.alstom.com pcb-gee.germany@tde.alstom.com