V THP DN S BNG EXCEL

Ngi bin son: GS. TS Nguyn Vit Thnh

Bng 1 - Dn s Vit Nam theo gii tnh v tui 1979
Tnh bng nghn ngi
Tnh bng % dn s
(1)
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
85+

Nam
(2)
3946
3929
3632
2954
2281
1742
1177
967
919
995
825
681
541
419
284
183
64
40

N
(3)
3766
3762
3407
3061
2601
1976
1315
1104
1085
1114
902
873
663
560
434
313
136
91

Nam (a)
(4)
-3946
-3929
-3632
-2954
-2281
-1742
-1177
-967
-919
-995
-825
-681
-541
-419
-284
-183
-64
-40

Nam
(5)
7.48
7.45
6.89
5.60
4.32
3.30
2.23
1.83
1.74
1.89
1.56
1.29
1.03
0.79
0.54
0.35
0.12
0.08

N
(6)
7.14
7.13
6.46
5.80
4.93
3.75
2.49
2.09
2.06
2.11
1.71
1.66
1.26
1.06
0.82
0.59
0.26
0.17

Nam (b)
(7)
-7.48
-7.45
-6.89
-5.60
-4.32
-3.30
-2.23
-1.83
-1.74
-1.89
-1.56
-1.29
-1.03
-0.79
-0.54
-0.35
-0.12
-0.08

V thp dn s (thp tui- gii tnh) l mt yu cu thng gp trong nghin cu v

ging dy a l dn c.
Vic v thp tui cn c mt s th thut. Ta c bng dn s 1979 ca nc ta nh
sau. (Bng 1)
Trong cch v thp tui bng tay, ta chn gc to , v pha tri gc to biu din
dn s nam, pha phi - dn s n. ng nhin, c hai pha ca trc honh, cc tr s
u c gi tr dng.
v c bng Excel, cn chuyn cc tr s v dn s nam (d tnh bng nghn
ngi hay bng phn trm) v gi tr m (nhn vi -1). Ta c ct Nam (a) v nam
(b) trong bng 4.
S dng s liu ca cc ct (1), (3), (4) hoc (1), (5), (6), ta s v c thp dn s.
Tuy nhin, nu khng c cc th thut c bit, th thp dn s s c dng nh hnh 8
di y.

Hnh 1
80-84
70-74
60-64
50-54

Nam
N

40-44
30-34
20-24
10-14
0-4
-4000

-2000

2000

4000

Mun chnh sa thp tui, cn lm nh sau:

- Double-click ln vng th kch hot chart.
- Nhp nt chut phi trn vng th hin hp thoi
- Chn Format Bar Group. Khai bo Overlap = 100, Gap Width = 0. Nhn OK. Kt
qu nh ta mong mun. (Xem hnh 9)
Cn mt th thut nh na: Khng cc s ghi nhm tui ngay st trc tung, v cn
tr vic trnh by trn vng th. Cch sa:
- Kch hot th bng cch double-click.
- Nhp kp chut tri trn dy s, hin ln hp thoi Format Axis (cng c th nhp
chut phi trn dy s, hin hp thoi chn Format Axis). Sau , mc Tickmark label, chn Low. Nhn OK. Dng s s t phn pha tri ca thp dn s.

Hnh 2

Bi tp: Hy v hai thp dn s 1979 v 1989 theo bng s liu sau.

Bng 2 - Dn s Vit Nam 1979
Nam

Nam

0-4

3946

3766

7.48

7.14

5-9

3929

3762

7.45

10-14

3632

3407

15-19

2954

20-24

Dn s Vit Nam 1989

Nam

Nam

0-4

4646

4364

7.21

6.78

7.13

5-9

4404

4177

6.84

6.49

6.89

6.46

10-14

3876

3651

6.02

5.67

3061

5.60

5.80

15-19

3377

3444

5.24

5.35

2281

2601

4.32

4.93

20-24

2880

3120

4.47

4.84

25-29

1742

1976

3.30

3.75

25-29

2696

2971

4.19

4.61

30-34

1177

1315

2.23

2.49

30-34

2264

2469

3.52

3.83

35-39

967

1104

1.83

2.09

35-39

1551

1774

2.41

2.75

40-44

919

1085

1.74

2.06

40-44

1039

1196

1.61

1.86

45-49

995

1114

1.89

2.11

45-49

882

1083

1.37

1.68

50-54

825

902

1.56

1.71

50-54

865

1077

1.34

1.67

55-59

681

873

1.29

1.66

55-59

922

1045

1.43

1.62

60-64

541

663

1.03

1.26

60-64

714

861

1.11

1.34

65-69

419

560

0.79

1.06

65-69

537

701

0.83

1.09

70-74

284

434

0.54

0.82

70-74

326

481

0.51

0.75

75-79

183

313

0.35

0.59

75-79

211

354

0.33

0.55

80-84

64

136

0.12

0.26

80-84

95

195

0.15

0.30

85+

40

91

0.08

0.17

85+

48

110

0.07

0.17

Tng s

25579

27163

48.49 51.49

Tng s

31333

33073

48.65 51.35

Mt trng hp hay gp trong khi phn tch thp dn s: so snh hai thp dn s ca
hai lnh th khc nhau, hoc hai thp dn s ca mt nc, mt vng ti hai thi im
khc nhau (v d, bng 5 trn).

Nu v hai thp dn s ring r, th cn s dng thng nht mt t l v. Lm th

no?

Cch n gin l:
- V thp tui th nht (nm 1979) (dng t l % dn s ca tng nhm tui).
- Copy chart va v sang mt v tr khc.
- Kch hot chart va v kch hot vo biu (dy s liu) Hin hp thoi
Format Data Series Sa cc dng thng s Name v Y Values cho ph hp vi dy
s liu ca thp dn s cn v. Nhn OK. Kt qu s nh mong mun. (xem hnh 10,
hnh 11)
Hnh 3

Hnh 4
1979

1989

80-84

80-84

70-74

70-74

60-64

60-64

Nam
N

50-54
40-44

40-44

30-34

30-34

20-24

20-24

10-14

10-14

0-4

0-4

10

Nam
N

50-54

10

10

10

Trong trng hp v hai thp tui chng ln nhau ( thy r hn s thay i ca

cu trc tui - gii tnh), th ch cn lu :

- Cc dy s liu t trong cng mt bng.

- Cc ct s liu v cng mt gii th cng du (chng hn, trong v d ny, cc tr s
v dn s nam nm 1979 v 1989 u l m).
- Cc th tc v thp tui nh nu trn.
Hnh 5 - Thp dn s Vit Nam (tnh bng nghn ngi)
85+
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59

Nam - 1989
N- 1989
Nam - 1979
N- 1979

50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
-20

-15

-10

-5

10

15

Mt vic cn hon thin: lm th no xo c cc du m (-) ng ght kia trn

trc honh? Vic ny ch lm c khi ta copy biu t Excel sang Word v s
dng Paste Special Paste as Picture (xem hp thoi di y trong ng dng
Word).

Hnh 6

Nh vy, trong cc ln ta dn biu t Excel sang vn bn Word, ta c th sa i

biu (dng biu , c chui s liu) ngay trong ng dng Word (iu ny tht d
dng vi Word 7.0 for Windows 95); ln ny, ta khng lm c cc thao tc .
Kch hot Picture, ta c th sa biu nh sa mt bc tranh, v trong trng hp
ny, ta xo i cc du m m ta rt kh chu trn trc ngang.
Cn c mt cch na, v c v chuyn nghip hn, gn gi hn vi cc thp dn s
c trnh by trong cc sch gio khoa vi hai trc tung song song vi nhau v
tui c ghi ch gia hai trc ny. Trn nguyn tc, y l hai biu thanh ngang
c t cnh nhau, vi cc t l ging nhau trn trc ng v trc ngang, nhng
thc o trn trc ngang c ghi theo hai chiu ngc nhau.
Tr li vi bng thng k dn s phn theo tui ca nc ta nm 1979 nu
trn. Gi s phi v thp tui theo c cu % dn s.
Trc ht, chng ta v thp tui dn s n theo t l % dn s. Mun vy, trong bng
tnh Excel, bm chn cc ct 1 v 5 bng cch sau khi chn xong ct 1 th nhn Ctrl
ng thi vi nhn v r chut chn ct 5. Sau khi v xong biu thanh ngang cho
dn s n bng cng c ChartWizard, cn lm mt s vic sau:
- Coppy ri Paste biu chng ngay ln biu va to ra;
- Ko r biu va dn (paste) sang bn tri biu dn s n. Ta s thay th cc
thng s cho biu ny biu din dn s nam. Mun vy:
- Kch hot biu , chn Format axis i vi trc ngang (Value axis), chn Value in
Reverse Order.
- Bm chn thanh ngang ca biu , khi trn thanh cng thc (Fomula Bar) hin
ln dng ch sau y:
SERIES('Sheet1'!$E$3,'Sheet1'!$A$4:$A$21,'Sheet1'!$E$4:$E$21,1)
Dng thng bo ny c ngha nh sau:
'Sheet1'! l tn ca trang bng tnh c cha s liu ta ang tham chiu ti.
$E$3 l to ca cha dng tiu (N)

$A$4:$A$21 l to ca mng s liu ct Nhm tui

$E$4:$E$21 l to ca mng s liu ct Dn s n.
Lu rng ct dn s nam l ct D trong bng tnh, v vy ch cn thay cc ch E
trong thanh cng thc trn bng ch D l ta s c thp dn s nam.
- Chn Format axis i vi trc ng (Category axis) Pattern Tick-Mark Labels
= None (iu ny l cn thit m bo khng b hai nhn (labels) ca hai biu
trn trc ng chng ln nhau). Sau , ta c th thm cc tiu (Title) v cc ghi
ch cho biu va hon thnh.
Hnh 7
t h p Dn s Vit Nam 1979
80-84
70-74
60-64

Nam

50-54
40-44
30-34
20-24
10-14
0-4

Phn trm dn s