Danh Gia Nhanh o Nhiem WHO

nh gi nhanh nhim/ WHO
K hiu:
TSP: Tng bi l lng.
TSS: Hm lng cn l lng.
TDS: Hm lng cn ho tan.
VOC: cht hu c bay hi.
3.2.2 M hnh kim sot v lit k pht thi kh:
Qu trnh
n v
tnh (U)
TPS
(kg/U)
SO2
(kg/U)
NOx
(kg/U)
CO
(kg/U)
Major Division 0: Cc hot ng cha c xc nh y

Dng dung mi trong sinh
ngi.nm
hot[1]
Che ph b mt
Sn
tn
Sn du nh vecni
tn
Sn pha ch
tn
Trng men
tn
Sn lt (ZnCrO4)
tn
Major Division 1: Nng nghip, lm nghip, sn bn v nh c.
1.1.1 Sn xut nng
nghip v chn nui gia
cm
-t l thin cc v/l nng
nghip
tn
11,0
58
Cy trng trn
3
1000m
5,0
26
ng rung
t
tn
3,0
26
Cy leo
3
1000m
1,7
15
t
tn
8,0
42
C di
1000m3
5,8
30
t
tn
3,0
26
Cy n qu
3
1000m
1,0
9
t
tn
8,0
70
Cc loi cy cn li
1000m3
12,6
110
t
1.2.1 Lm nghip
-Sn xut than ci
VOC
(kg/U
)
4,2
560
500
770
420
660
9.0
4,0
3,0
1,7
4,5
3,2
4,0
1,4
9,0
14,0
Trang 1

+Khng c kim sot
tn
133
+Bung t sau
tn
25
Major Division2: Khai m v khai thc
2.1.0 Khai thc than
-Tuyn than (tinh ch
than)
+Phi than
Fludized Bad Dryer
tn than
Khng c kim
10
0,22
kh
sot
Xyclon
-nt6
0,22
Thp lc t
-nt0,05
0,13
L sy nhanh
172
34
157
31
0,07
0,05
0,07
0,07
0,05
0,05
Trang 2
Qu trnh
Khng c kim
sot
Xyclon
Thp lc t
L sy nhiu tng
Khng c kim
sot
Xyclon
Thp lc t
220.SX du th v kh t
nhin
+Tch loi S khi kh t
n v
tnh (U)
Tn than
kh
Tn than
kh
Tn than
kh
Tn than
kh
Tn than
kh
Tn than
kh
SO2
(kg/U)
NOx
(kg/U)
CO
(kg/U)
VOC
(kg/U
)
8
5
0,2
13
4
0,05
1000m3
14,2 (1-e) H2S
1000m3
tn kh
tn kh
16,6 (1-e) S
17,1 (1-e) S
20 (1-e) S
nhin[2]
2.3.2.0 Khai thc qung

mu
-Ch bin khong sn
kim loi
(qung c m
thp)
+Khng kim sot c
Nghin qung
Cp 1
Cp 2
Cp 3
Xay kh
T chy
Air Swept
Lm kh
+Lc vi hay thp lc
-Nghin &xay qung
bng trc
+Qung Ch (Pb)
+Qung km (Zn)
+Qung ng (Cu)
TPS
(kg/U)
tn
tn
tn
0,2
0,6
1,4
tn
tn
tn
tn
1,2
14,4
9,8
1,5
tn
tn
tn
3,0
3,0
3,2
Pb = 0,15
Pb = 0,006
Pb = 0,006
Trang 3

tn
+Qung Pb- Zn
3,0
Pb = 0,06
tn
+Qung Cu- Zn
3,2
Pb = 0,06
tn
+Qung Cu- Zn
3,2
Pb = 0,006
tn
+Qung Cu- Pb- Zn
3,2
Pb = 0,06
[1] Nhn t lit k bao gm hi thot ra do s dng xi, sp, cht kh mi... v gi
tr lin quan vi mc sng ca dn c vng nghin cu. Mt gi tr thp hn gi
tr lit k c th ph hp hn i vi nhng vng c mc sng thp
[2] - e l s phn on ca cc nh my ti sinh S vi cc gi tr c trng nh
sau:
+ i vi nh my ti sinh lu hunh giai on 2 khng c kim sot : t 0,92
0,95
0,975
0,99
+ i vi nh my ti sinh lu hunh c kim sot
: t 0,99
0,999
- H2S l t l % s mol ca H2S trong kh t nhin (1 mol H2S = 0,966 %
trng lng H2S hay 0,856 % trng lng S), cn S l phn trm trng lng S trong
Qu trnh
2901 Cng trng khai thc
, st v ct
-Ct v si [3]
-Khai thc v ch bin
[4]
+Khng c kim sot
Khoan t
N mn
Rt nh lng
Xe khng ti
Xe c ti
Bng chuyn
n v
tnh (U)
tn
0,134
tn
tn
0,4
?
tn
tn
0,17
0,17
29
My xc kiu gu
lt ra sau
Vn chuyn
Lm kh
Nghin mn
Nghin mn cp
I+ II
Vt liu kh
Vt liu t
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
(kg/U) (kg/U) (kg/U) (kg/U) (kg/U)
tn
tn
1,7
17,5
tn
tn
tn
0,14
0,009
Trang 4

Vt liu kh cp
tn
0,93
tn
2,9
Thp lc kh Venturi
tn
0,29
Thp lc kh Venturi
tn
0,06
tn
7,7
Thp lc kh Venturi
tn
0,77
Thp lc kh Venturi
tn
0,16
tn
1,5
tn
tn
0,01
1
tn
20
III
2902. Khai thc khong
vt, ho cht v phn
bn
-Ch bin qung
phosphate
+Sy hoc nung
Sy
Khng c kim
sot
P thp
P cao
Nung
Khng c kim
sot
P thp
P cao
+Nghin sn phm
Khng c kim
sot
Lc vi
+Vn chuyn, bo
qun
+Bi cha l thin
[3] Cc nhn t pht thi p dng vo nhng ni m cc vt cht dng ht c

tm thy trong cc trm lng ph sa gn b mt v trong cc cng on sn
xut bao gm tuyn kh ban u, c theo sau bng x l t nhm tuyn chn
v tch ph sa thu c ct v si c ra sch. Trong nhng tnh hung
tch loi ph sa bng phng php thi kh, mt phn ng k nguyn liu th c
th b thi vo khng kh, gy ra s pht thi ln.
[4] Nhng pht thi do vn chuyn vt liu khng c tnh ti v chng c th
tnh ton mt cch phn bit (Xem cc tc nhn c lit k nhm 711.
Qu trnh
n v
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
tnh (U) (kg/U) (kg/U) (kg/U) (kg/U) (kg/U)
Major Division 3: Manufacturing
Division 31: Sn xut lng
thc, thc ung v thuc l
3111 Nh xng khi tht
Khng c kim sot
tn
0,15
Trang 5

Bung t sau hay ESP
in
p thp
3114.Ch bin c (ng
hp v cc sn phm ph)
-L sy kiu ng ng
hi nc
-L sy la trc tip
3116.Xay ht
-Xay thc n chn nui
+Khng c kim sot
-Xay la m
+Khng c kim sot
+Xyclon v lc vi
- Durum Milling, 0 khng
ch
-Xay la mch en
+Khng c khng
ch
+Xyclon v lc vi
-Xay yn mch, khng
c khng ch
-Xay la khng c
khng ch
-Xay u nnh khng
c khng ch
-Xay ng kh khng c
khng ch
-Xay ng t khng c
khng ch
3121.Sn xut tinh bt
-Khng c khng ch
-c khng ch [5]
3122 Tch nc cy linh
lng
-Xyclon s cp
+Khng c khng ch
th cp
+Thp lc t nng lng
va
-Xyclon thu hi bt
+Khng c khng ch
th cp
+Lc vi
-Xyclon lm mt dng ht
tn
0,05
tn
2,5
H2S = 0,05
tn
4,0
H2S = 0,05
tn
4,9
tn
tn
tn
38,0
0,8
3,0
tn
38,0
tn
tn
0,8
1,25
tn
2,97
tn
11,73
tn
6,25
tn
6,24
tn
tn
4,0
0,01
Trang 6

+Khng c khng ch
th cp
+Lc vi
3133. Sn xut bia
tn ng
cc
4,0
1,3
Trang 7

[5] S thi TSP t cc qu trnh phn loi, xay, v lm sch ng khc nhau c th
c x l bng thp lc kh li tm.
Qu trnh
n v
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
m3 bia
0,8
0,25
-Sn xut ru
m3 ru
0,35
Division 32: Cng nghip dt, may mt thuc da
321. In vi dt
tn vi
142
3211. Ko si bng
Khng c x l
tn bng
7,0
Xyclon, lc ni tip...
tn bng 4,48
Division 33: Ch bin g v cc sn phm t g, k c hng gia dng
331.Ch bin g v cc
sn phm t g, nt chai
g, ngoi tr hng gia dng
-p g dn
+S pht thi khng
n nh
tn g
0,187
Bc v v x g
sc
3
m
g
0,05
Ct g dn v ri
dn
ct
tn mt ca 0,5
X l mt ca
+L sy
1000 m2
12
Division 34: Sn xut giy v cc sn phm t giy. In n v xut bn
341.SX giy & cc s/phm
t giy
-Nghin bt giy bng d2
sunphat
+Ni nu, thit b ra
bt giy cha ty, TB bc
hi nhiu ngn
tn
H2S = 0,58
Khng c x l
Merc = 1,15
+Ni hi tun hon
tn
Ni hi tun hon
v thit
b bc hi tip xc
trc tip
Khng c x l
tn
90
3,5
5,5
H2S =
6
Merc=1,
5
Trang 8

Thp lc kh
tn
24
3,5
5,5
Venturi
H2S =
6
Merc=1,
5
Thp lc ph +
tn
7,5
3,5
5,5
Venturi
H2S =
6
Merc=1,
5
T/b lng tnh

in(ESP)
tn
3,5
5,5
H2S =
6
Merc=1,
5
Thp lc ph
tn
1,5
3,5
5,5
H2S =
6
Merc=1,
5
Ni hi tun hon
khng c
Th.b bc hi tip xc
trc tip
Khng c x l
Th.b lng tnh
in (ESP)
tn
115
5,5
tn
5,5
H2S=0,0
5
H2S=0,0
5
Trang 9
Qu trnh
n v
tnh (U)
+B ho tan nng
chy
Khng c x l
tn
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
3,5
0,1
5,5
H2S=0
,1
Merc=0,15
tn
in li
0,5
0,1
5,5
H2S=0
,1
Merc=0,15
Thp lc kh
tn
0,1
5,5
H2S=0
,1
Merc=0,15
+L vi
Khng c x l
tn
28
0,15
0,05
H2S=0
,1
Merc=0,15
lng
Thp lc kh hay TB
tn
0,25
0,05
Merc=0,
15
tnh
in (ESP)
+Cc ngun hn tp
-Nghin bt giy bng d2
sunfit
+Ni nu thot kh l
thin
hoc b cha
cht thi.
Khng c x l
H thng kim
MgO
Thay i quy
trnh
Thp lc kh
Thay i quy
trnh+ thp
l
c kh.
Tt c kh thi i
vo h
thng ti
sinh
H thng kim NH3
H2S=0
,1
tn
Merc=0,25
tn
3 35
tn
2,0
tn
tn
0,5
0,1
tn
0,0
Trang 10

Thay i quy
tn
12,5
Thay i quy
trnh+ Thp
tn
0,2
tn
tn
33,5
trnh
l
c kh
Natri
H thng kim
Thay i quy
trnh+ Thp
lc
kh
H thng kim
Canxi
+H thng thu hi ti
sinh
H thng kim
MgO
Thp lc kh
Venturi+
nhiu
xyclon
H thng kim NH3
Hp th NH3 +
Tch
sng m
H thng kim
Natri
Thp lc kh
Na2CO3
+Thit b axit [6]
H thng kim NH3
tn
4,5
tn
0,35
3,5
tn
0,5
Trang 11
Qu trnh
Natri
Canxi
Thp lc kh
H thng kim
n v
tnh (U)
tn
tn
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
0,2
0,1
H thng kim
Thp lc kh
tn
4
[6] Cn thit i vi cc xng nghin bt cc h thng thu hi khng y hay
khng tn ti
Trang 12

Qu trnh
342.Cng nghip in n v
cc
cng vic c lin
quan
Ngh thut ho (Ch
bn in
Graphic
Arts)
-Cc t/b phun mc c
nh[7]
-Cc dy chuyn in
chnh [8]
+In offset
Cc n bn
Dy chuyn in
Khng c x l
t
Sn phm in
Bo ch
Sn phm in
+In typo
Cc n bn
Dy chuyn in
Khng c x l
t
Sn phm in
Bo ch
Sn phm in
+Rotogravuic
Dy chuyn in
Khng c x l
Hp th Cacbon
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
vn.nm
0,4
tn mc
in
tn mc
in
tn mc
in
240
tn mc
in
50
tn mc
in
tn mc
in
tn mc
in
240
tn mc
in
tn mc
in
tn mc
in
712
12
160
12
160
230
Trang 13

t
Sn phm in
+Thut in ni bng
khun
mm (
in bao b)
Dy chuyn in
Khng c x l
Hp th Cacbon
t
Sn phm in
Publication Gravuic
Printing [9]
Khng c x l
c x l (My in c)
c x l (My in mi)
tn mc
in
tn mc
in
149
tn mc
in
tn mc
in
tn mc
in
tn mc
in
712
tn mc
in
tn mc
in
tn mc
in
1480
370
38
285
285
38
220
[7] - Cc ngun ln gp phn to ra a s cc kh thi i vi cc thao tc trong

ch bn in.
- Tc nhn lit k c din t bng kg/nm/vn, nhm gip c tnh tng
cng nhiu ngun nh m vn xc nh ring r tng phn gp phi kh
khn. Cch tnh ny c th ch c p dng cho cc nc pht trin.
[8] Cc tc nhn pht thi VOC trong cc cng on sn xut (sy v cc b
phn khc ca dy chuyn in) c lit k tch bit nhau i vi spin, v cc thit
b c l mc tiu kim sot.
[9] -Cc thit b x l c th c thu hi dung mi (hp th Cacbon) v phn hy
dung mi (oxy ho bng nhit hay xc tc), cc thit b c th ph bin hn.
-75% mc x l ton b cho bit hiu sut thu gi l 84% v hiu sut x l
l 90% (Hi BVMT Hoa K khuyn co i vi my in th h c), 85% mc x l
ton b.
Trang 14

Qu trnh
n v
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
Phn 35. Sn xut ho cht v cc sn phm t ho cht, du la, than ,
cao su v nha
351Sn xut ho cht cng
nghip
3511.Cc ho cht cng
nghip
c bn ngoi tr
phn bn
-Phtalic Anhydride:
C6H4(CH3)2
+Qu trnh OXH octoxylene
Dng x l chnh
Khng c x l
tn
69
4,7
151
Thp lc kh v l
tn
3
4,7
6
t
L t
tn
4
4,7
8
L t +ni hi
tn
4
4,7
8
X l s b
Khng c x l
tn
6,4
Thp lc kh v l
tn
0,3
t
L t
tn
0,4
Chng ct
Khng c x l
tn
45
1,2
Thp lc kh v l
tn
2
<0,1
t
L t
tn
2
<0,1
+Oxy ho Naphtalen
Khng c x l
tn
28
50
L t
tn
6
10
Thp lc kh
tn
0,3
50
X l s b
Khng c x l
tn
2,5
L t
tn
0,5
Thp lc kh
tn
0,1
Chng ct
Khng c x l
tn
19
5
L t
tn
2
1
Thp lc kh
tn
0,2
<0,1
-Sn xut kim Cloral
Trang 15

+Qu trnh in phn
thy ngn
Nc mui in phn
tn
Cl2= 2,5
t
hi kh
Trang 16

0Qu trnh
Thi kh t q/trnh
ho lng
Khng c x l
Thit b hp th
nc
T.b hp th kim
hay vi
S ti Clo
Bo qun&thng
hi xitec
+Qu trnh in
phn c mng ngn.
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
tn
tn
Cl2= 50
Cl2= 5
tn
Cl2= 0,5
tn
Cl2= 8,25
tn
tn
Cl2= 30
Cl2= 3
tn
Cl2= 0,5
tn
Cl2= 8,25
tn
tn
HCl = 3,0
HCl = 0,2
Thi kh t qu trnh
ho lng
Khng c x l
Thit b hp th
nc
T.b hp th kim
hay vi
Bo qun& l
thng xitec
-Acid hydrochloric HCl
(sn
xut sn phm
ph)[10]
Khng c x l
Thp lc kh cui
-Acid hydro fluoric HF t
qung Flo &
H2SO4
Lm kh qung, vn
chuyn
v
xil cha
Khng c x l
? FFs, cc lp ph,
cht
ph gia
Kh x
Khng c x l
tn
tn
tn
Trang 17

Thp lc kh kim
tn
-Acid sulfuric [11]

+Khng c t/b x l
m acid
T S ti sinh
tn
(H2SO4
HF=12; SiF4
=15
HF=12;SiF4=0
,15
7(100e)
SO3= 0,29
7(100e)
SO3= 0,85
7(100e)
SO3= 1,66
7(100e)
SO3 = 2,15
7(100e)
SO3 = 1,15
7(100e)
SO3 = 0,05
100%)
T S tinh khit
mu sng
T S tinh khit mu
ti
Qung sunfua
tn
(H2SO4
100%)
tn
(H2SO4
100%)
tn
(H2SO4
100%)
Acid thi
tn
(H2SO4
100%)
Thit b lng tnh

in hay
thit b kh sng m
-Acid Nitric t qu trnh
oxy ho
NH3 c
xc tc
+Kh x acid yu
tn
(H2SO4
100%)
Trang 18

Qu trnh
Khng c x l
Kh NOx c xc tc
Vi kh t nhin
Vi H2
Vi 25% NG 75%
H2
S hp th ko
di
+Sn xut acid nng
cao
-Acid Phosphoric
+Quy trnh sn xut
t [12]
Khng c x l
c x l
+Quy trnh x l
nhit
c kim sot
-Oxit ch v cc cht
mu hu c
+Sn xut oxit ch
Barton Pot (after FF).
L nung
Khng c x l
Thp lc kh
Xyclon + FF
+Sn xut cht mu
Ch
Khng c x l
n v
tnh (U)
tn acid
100%
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
22,0
tn acid
100%
tn acid
100%
tn acid
100%
tn acid
100%
tn acid
100%
0,2
tn P2O5
tn P2O5
0,4
0,5
1,0
5,0
5,5
[13]
3,0
tn P2O5
1,0
tn
0,32
tn
tn
tn
tn
F2= 59,4
F2= 0,6
Pb = 0,22
Pb = 7,0
Pb = 1,23
Pb = 0,07
0,5
Pb = 0,5
[10] Dn xut Clo ca cc hp cht hu c nh: Benzen (C6H6), Toluen (C6H5CH3)

v Vinyl clorua (CH2 =CHCl).
[11] e l h s chuyn i SO2 thnh SO3. Cc gi tr in hnh i vi cc
loi thit b hp th n l 95 98% v i vi cc loi thit b hp th kp vo
khong 99,7%. Ring i vi cc loi thit b hp th n c trang b thit b
hp th SO2 bng kim, nn dng gi tr 99,7%.
[12] Quy trnh sn xut t c dng nhiu nht trong sn xut phn bn.
Trang 19

[13] Qung phosphat chuyn ti nh my c xem nh c sy hoc nung
kh. Nu xy ra cc qu trnh sy hay nung th phi tnh ton b sung lng pht
ti TSP. (Xem mc
No 2902 ).
Trang 20

Qu trnh
Thp lc kh
Xyclon + FF
Ch trng
Khng c x l
Thp lc kh
Xyclon + FF
+Sn xut cht mu
Crom
Khng c x l
Thp lc kh
Xyclon + FF
-Sn xut amoniac [14]
+Nhin liu l kh t
nhin
+Nhin liu l kh
du ct
-Sn xut Na2CO3
+Quy trnh t nhin
(thu hi t khong thin
nhin) [15]
Lm kh s b- hi
nc
gia nhit
tun hon
Khng c x l
Thp lc kh
Venturi
L nung
t kh- Khng c
x l
t than-Khng c
x l
Xyclon &Thit b
lng tnh
in
Thit b ty trngKh t
tu
n hon
Khng c x l
Xyclon&Tb lng
tnh in
n v
tnh (U)
tn
tn
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
0,088
Pb= 0,088
0,005
Pb = 0,005
tn
tn
tn
0,28
0,05
0,003
Pb = 0,28
Pb = 0,05
Pb = 0,003
tn
tn
tn
0,065
0,011
0,001
Pb = 0,065
Pb = 0,011
Pb = 0,001
tn
0,072
0,022
2,7
7,94
4,73
tn
0,450
1,319
2,7
8,02
4,94
tn
tn
1,55
0,03
tn
184
tn
195
tn
0,975
-0,08
tn
tn
155
0,02
0,007
Trang 21

Thit b sy
ng dn hi H2O tun
hon
Khng c x l
Thp lc kh
Venturi
ng dn hi tng
lng
Khng c x l
Xyclon & Thp lc
kh
Ven
turi
+Quy trnh tng hp
[16]
Khng c x l
c x l
-Sn xut cacbuaCanxi
CaC2[17]
tn
tn
33
0,4
tn
tn
73
0,09
tn
tn
25
0,25
NH3= 2
[16] Cc s pht thi TSP khng n nh quan trng t cc cng on gia

cng v x l vi, sy sn phm v x l cc cht rn kh (ti ri v bng ti)
khng c tnh n.
[17] Cc thit b x l TSP c dng l nhng thp lc t loi vi. Kh CO c
thu gom t cc l t kn c dng lm nhin liu hoc cc qu trnh mi chy
khc.
Trang 22

Qu trnh
+Thit b sy than cc
Khng c x l.
c x l.
+L t in
Bng ti quay vng
c x l
ng khi chnh ca
l t
Khng c x l
c x l
L thot khi
c x l
L thng hi
bung t
Khng c x l
c x l
+Nghin sn phm s
cp v
th cp
c x l
-Acid Adipic HOOC-(CH2)4COOH (t C6H4 hay
C6H13OH)
+Kho cha nguyn liu
th
+Oxy ho C6H14
Khng c x l
(sau
thp
lc kh)
Thit b hp th
Cacbon
S bc chy
Ni hi CO
L nung nhit
+Phn ng HNO3
Khng c x l
(sau thp
hp
th NOx )
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
tn
tn
1
0,13
tn
0,17
tn
tn
12
0,39
tn
0,07
tn
tn
13
0,07
tn
0,57
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
tn
3,3
tn
58
20
tn
58
tn
tn
tn
2
0,5
0,0
6
0,0
0,0
tn
27
Trang 23

Thp lc kh, mi v
t.
Kh nhit [18]
+Tinh ch, lm kh,
lm
ngui, lu kho.
c x l (lc vi).
tn
tn
0,5
tn
0,5
0,3
0,3
[18] Trong qu trnh kh nhit, kh thi cha NOx phn ng vi nhin liu d
trong mi trng kh.
[19] Nhn chung cc ngun thi c x l bng thp lc t do ti ch ur ha
tan d dng. Cc ngun thi t cc cng on ng gi c x l bng thit b
lc vi. Cc ngun thi t nhng cng on tng hp v c c dung dch, t
che chn cc cht rn v trng ph l nh v khng c x l.
Trang 24

Qu trnh
-Sn xut Ch ankyl
+Qu trnh in phn
+Qu trnh hp kim
Na/Pb
++Cc l thot qu
trnh
SX tetraetyl ch
(C2H5)4Pb
Khng c x l
Thp lc t nng lng
thp
Thp lc t nng lng
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
tn
Pb = 0,5
tn
tn
Pb = 2,0
Pb = 0,25
tn
Pb = 0,06
tn
Pb = 0,02
tn
tn
Pb = 75,0
Pb = 9,4
tn
Pb = 2,25
tn
Pb = 0,75
tn
tn
Pb = 0,6
Pb = 0,08
tn
Pb = 0,002
tn
Pb = 0,001
tn
Pb = 28,0
cao
Lc vi
SX tetrametyl ch
(C2H5)4Pb
Khng c x l
Thp lc t nng lng
thp
Thp lc t nng lng
cao
Lc vi
++Cc h cn
Khng c x l
Thp lc t nng lng
thp
Thp lc t nng lng
cao
Lc vi
++L nung ti sinh
Khng c x l
Trang 25

Thp lc t nng l-
tn
Pb = 3,5
thp
Thp lc t nng lng
tn
Pb = 0,84
tn
Pb = 0,28
ng
cao
Lc vi
-SX Anhyldride Maleic
(bng
cch oxy
ha C6H6)
Khng c x l
Hp th Cacbon
Oxy ha bng
nhit
-SX Acid Terephtalic
C8H6O4
Khng c x l
Hp th Cacbon
Oxy ha bng
nhit
3512.SX phn bn& thuc
tr su
-SX ur (t NH3 v CO2)
[19]
tn
tn
tn
680
680
3,4
87
87
0,4
tn
tn
tn
19
19
1,0
19,8
2,0
1,0
Trang 26

Qu trnh
+Hnh thnh v c
c d2
Khng c x l
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
tn
0,010
5
NH3 = 9,12.
tn
tn
1,85
0,032
NH3 = 0,43.
NH3 = 0,43.
tn
tn
3,1
0,39
NH3 = 1,46.
NH3 = 1,46.
tn
tn
1,8
0,24
NH3 = 2,07.
NH3 = 1,04.
tn
tn
120
0,115
NH3 = 1,07.
NH3 = 1,07.
tn
3,72
NH3 =
0,0256.
Thp lc t
ng gi
Khng c x l
-SX NH4NO3 (t HNO3 v
NH3)
+High Density Prilling
Process
Khng c x l
tn
0,1
tn
5,8
Lc t
+Low Density Prilling
Process
Khng c x l
tn
0,74
tn
86,9
Lc t
+Qu trnh to ht tang
quay
tn
1,2
+To cht rn
Non fludized Bed
prilling
Khng c x l
Thp lc t
Fludized Bed prilling
Loi nng nghip
Khng c x l
Thp lc t
Loi nui ng vt
Khng c x l
Thp lc t
Thit b to ht
thng trn
Khng c x l
Thp lc t
T.b lm mt tang
quay[20]
Khng c x l
0,095
NH3 = 37,8
HNO3 =
0,52
NH3 = 18,8
HNO3 = 0,52
Trang 27

Khng c x l
tn
157,5
Lc t
+Qu trnh to ht
cho
Khng c x l
tn
0,43
tn
23,1
Lc t
-SX (NH4)2SO4 [21]
+L sy quay.
Khng c x l
tn
0,33
NH3 = 48,0
HNO3 = 0,52
NH3 = 17,8
HNO3 = 0,52
[20] Ch yu cu i vi s to ht cho v i vi 1 s prilling loi nng

nghip.
[21] c sn xut nh 1 loi sn phm ph caprolactam, nh 1 sn phm ph l
than cc, hoc tng hp bng phn ng NH3 vi H2SO4.
Trang 28

Qu trnh
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
Thp lc t
+L sy tng lng
Khng c x l
Thp lc t
-Amoni phosphat (t
H3PO4 v
NH3
khan)
+ c x l
-Super phosphat thng
(t
qung phosphat
v H2SO4)
+ c x l
-Triple Super phosphat
(t
qung phosphat v
H3PO4)[22]
+ng ng cui
c x l
tn
0,15
F2 = 0,04
NH3 = 0,07
tn sp
tn P2O5
0,76
4,20
F2 = 0,36
F2 = 2
tn sp
tn P2O5
0,04
0,1
F2 = 0,04
F2 = 0,1
+To ht
c x l
tn sp
0,10
F2 = 0,056
tn P2O5
0,26
F2 = 0,14
3513.Sn xut nha tng hp, cc vt liu nha v si nhn to ngoi tr
thy tinh:
Trang 29

-ng trng hp StyreneButadiene
(cao su)
+SX vn nh tng
Ti sinh Monomer
Khng c x l
Hp th hoc
t
B trn/ keo t v
thit b
s
y kh.
+S/phm nha m nh
tng.
-Polypropylen v cc
cht ng
tr
ng hp
+Khng c x l
+Thu hi hi v/hoc
t chy
-PVC& cc cht ng
trng hp
+Khng c x l
+Thu hi hi v/hoc
t chy
-SX t si nhn to- si
Vitc
-Cellulose Acetate, x
hc
-Cellulose Acetate v
Triacetate
(d
ng si).
tn
tn
2,6
0,26
tn
2,93
tn
8,55
tn
tn
1,5
0,2
0,35
0,03
tn
tn
17,5
1,7
8,5
0,8
tn
H2S =50,4
tn
CS2 = 251
112
tn
199
[22] -Nhng cht thi t thit b phn ng, phng hp v thit b to ht c

x l bng cc thp kh s dng b nc thch cao tun hon
-Nhng cht thi t l sy, thit b lm mt, sng, nghin, cc h thng
vn chuyn sn phm v cc kho cha c x l bng xyclon loi bi trc khi
a ti thp lc t.
-Cc thit b lc vi c s dng trong cc qu trnh x l qung t s
b.
Trang 30

Qu trnh
-Polyester (vd: Dacron),
si
nn
g chy
+Phn loi theo c si
+Ch
-Acrylic, si kh
+Khng c x l
+c x l [23]
-Modacrylic, si kh
-Acrylic v Modacrylic, si
t
-Acrylic, si t v c
+Polimer ng nht
+Cht ng trng hp
-Nylon 6, si nng chy
+Phn loi theo c si
+Ch
-Nylon 66, si nng chy
+Cha x l
+Bung t xc tc...
-Polyolefin, si nng chy
-Spandex (si
polyurethane)
+Si kh
+Si phn ng
-Vynion, si kh
352. Sn xut cc ho cht
khc
3521. Sn xut sn, vecni
v sn
p
ha sn
-Sn xut sn.
+Khng x l
+Sau l t.
-Sn xut vecni.
+Khng x l
+Sau l t.
n v
tnh (U)
tn
tn
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
25,2
0,03
0,6
0,05
tn
tn
tn
tn
40
32
125
6,75
tn
tn
20,7
2,75
tn
tn
0,01
3,93
0,45
tn
tn
tn
0,5
0,1
0,01
2,13
0,31
5
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
4,23
138
150
10,0
1,0
15
0,15
185
1,9
[23] Cc thit b lc kh v ngng t c s dng ttrong cc ngn xe ch v

trong cc thit b sy. Qu trnh hp th Cacbon c dng cc l thot kh b
Trang 31

v trong cc cng on phi trn v lc. Cc ct ct cng c dng thu hi
dung mi t cc thit b ngng t, thp lc kh v nc ra.
Trang 32

Qu trnh
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
3523. SX x phng v cc
ch
phm
ty git
-Cht ty ra phun kh
tn
45,0
Khng x l
tn
7,0
Xyclon
tn
3,5
Xyclon v bung
phun
tn
2,5
Xyclon v thp lc
kn
tn
1,5
Xyclon & thp lc
Venturi
tn
0,544
Xyclon v Thp lc t
tn
0,023
Xyclon+Thp lc t+ESP
3529.SX cc ho cht khng c phn loi ni khc
-Mui than
+L thot chnh
t du
H2S =30 ; Khng x l
tn
3,27
0,0
H2S =1,0 ; t
tn
1,35
25,0
H2S =0,11; L hi CO&
tn
1,04
17,5
l t
tn
0,0
0
X l nhit
+Tt c cc h thng
khc
tn
0,37
0,27
Lc vi
-Mc in
+Khng c x l
tn
1,0
+Thit b lc kh/ngtn
ng t &
bung
t sau
-Trinitrotoluene
+Quy trnh nh lng
L phn ng Nitro
ho
Thu hi khi
tn
Thu hi acid
tn
0,28
4,65
0,4
1400
122
0,88
75
1,85
0,99
0,
0,
0,
0,73
235
<23,5
12,5
27,5
HNO3 = 0,5
HNO3 =
46,0
Trang 33

Thit b c HNO3
Thit b c H2SO4
ESP
ESP & Thp lc kh
Bung t nc
Khng x l
Thp lc t
Thi Sellite
+Quy trnh lin tc
Thu hi khi
Thu hi acid
-Nitrocellulose
353. Lc du
Qu trnh
-Qu trnh lc du [24].
+Cc cng on ph
[25]
+Cracking xc tc lng
(FCC)
Khng x l
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
12,5
0,5
tn
tn
0,13
0,13
tn
n v
tnh (U)
m3 cp
T.b lng tnh
m3 cp
+ vo toa v xe
xitec
Chuyn ch xng
Ti khng y
Ti y [27]
Chuyn ch bnh
thng
20
20
1
1
29,5
13
2,5
0,12
0,12
7,5
5,0
34,7
14
SO3 = 26,5
SO3 = 2
SO3 =
2,45
HNO3 = 0,5
HNO3 =
0,01
HNO3 =
19,0
SO3 = 0,245
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
0,4
0,695
1,413
0,204
0,695
1,413
0,204
0,126
1,413
0,204
39,2
0,63
FCC
m3 cp
+Kh S trong kh cha

S [26]
7
0
SO3 = 3,7
m3 du
th
L hi CO
in&l hi CO
18,5
FCC
FCC
kg S
trong
kh
kg S thu
hi
2 (100e)/100
2 (100-e)/e
m3 xng
tn xng
1,43
1,94
m3 xng
0,59
tn xng
0,8
Trang 34

Chuyn ch cn
bng hi
X l hi
Chuyn ch xng
my bay
Ti khng y
m3 xng
0,98
tn xng
m3 xng
tn xng
1,33
0,05
0,07
m3 xng
tn xng
0,43
0,58
m3 xng
0,18
tn xng
m3 xng
0,24
0,30
tn xng
0,40
m3 xng
tn xng
m3 xng
tn xng
m3 xng
tn xng
0,41
0,55
0,12
0,137
0,15
0,20
Ti y
Chuyn ch bnh
thng
Chuyn ch cn
bng hi
Chuyn ch bng
x lan
Xng
Du th
Xng my bay
Chuyn ch bng
tu hoc
x
lan bin
Xng
m3 xng
0,215
tn xng
0,291
Du th
m3 xng
0,073
tn xng
0,083
3
Xng my bay
m xng
0,06
tn xng
0,08
[24] Cc ngun thi do t nhin liu khng c tnh n v nn c tnh
ring (xem SIC 410).
[25] Cc ngun thi VOC t cc ngun tiu biu (in hnh) trong phm vi 1
nh my lc du nh cc b cha, cc thit b tch API, cc trm rt, cc ngun
khng n nh... u c tnh n. Nhn t c lit k da trn cc nh gi
s b ngun thi VOC c th nhiu nh my lc du.
[26] e l h s phn trm ca nh my thu hi lu hunh. Nhng gi tr in
hnh i vi nh my 2 cp c x l l 92 95%, i vi nh my 3 cp khng
c x l l 95 97,5%, i vi nh my 4 cp c x l l 99 99,9%.
[27] Trong qu trnh chuyn ch cn bng hi, xe ch hng ho thu hi hi
thi ra trong sut qu trnh lm y b ngm cc trm cha (xem di y, SIC
Trang 35

620). Cng on ny lm gia tng nng VOC trong khng kh ca cc xe rng
v gy pht thi VOCcao hn khi xe c cha y. Cn lu rng hu ht s
gim pht thi VOC t c thng qua s lm y hi cn bng ca cc b cha
y t c bng cc pht thi gia tng tng ng cc trm rt xng vo xe,
tr phi chc chn c 1 h thng thu hi hi c s dng cc phn sau.
Trang 36

Qu trnh
354.Sn xut cc sn
phm t du
la v
than .
-Nh my btng atphan
[28]
+Trn nng thng thng
(quy trnh trn lin tc
v nh lng).
Khng x l
Lm sch s b
Xyclon hiu sut
cao
Thp phun
Thp phun mng
ngn
Thp lc li tm
Thp ra dng l
Thp ra Venturi
Nh lc ti
+Trn nng tang l sy
Khng x l
Xyclon hoc nhiu
xyclon
My ra kh nng lng
thp
My ra kh Venturi
-Tm lp atphan
+Thi atphan
Cht lm bo ho
Khng x l
C x l
Ph b mt
Khng x l
C x l
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
tn
tn
tn
22,5
7,5
0,85
146 S
146 S
146 S
18
18
18
19
19
19
14
14
14
tn
tn
0,2
0,15
73 S
73 S
18
18
19
19
14
14
tn
tn
tn
tn
0,035
0,02
0,02
0,01
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
14
14
14
14
tn
tn
2,45
0,34
tn
0,04
tn
0,02
tn
atphan
tn
atphan
3,6
0,14
0,73
tn
atphan
tn
atphan
73
73
73
146
S
S
S
S
0,25
13,4
0,015
1,87
0,1
Trang 37
Trang 38

Qu trnh
+Bo ho vn lp
Khng x l
C x l
-SX than cc (p2 s.phm
ph)[30]
+Nghin than
Xyclon
+Gia nhit than s b
[31]
Khng x l
My ra kh
Thit b lng tnh
in t.
+Np than t/Larry car
NH3= 0,01; Khng x l
Np lin tip
My ra kh
NH3= 0,03; R r qua ca
NH3=0,05; Khng x l
T.b lng
tnh in
My ra kh
Venturi
Nh lc ti
My ra kh
dng xe
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
tn
atphan
tn vn
lp
tn vn
lp
1,57
0,13
0,13
0,25
0,01
0,05
tn than
cc
0,055
tn than
cc
tn than
cc
tn than
cc
1,75
tn than
cc
tn than
cc
tn than
cc
tn than
cc
tn than
cc
tn than
cc
tn than
cc
tn than
cc
tn than
cc
0,03
0,09
0,125
0,006
0,24
0,01
0,015
0,3
1,25
0,005
0,005
0,3
0,75
0,035
0,1
0,008
0,007
0,27
0,58
0,225
0,09
0,045
0,036
dp nc t
ng
+Lm ngui than cc
Trang 39

Lm ngui bng
H2O bn (>5000 ml/l
TDS).
Khng x l
C mng ngn
Lm ngui bng
H2O sch (15ml/l TDS)
Khng x l
C mng ngn
+t kh l than
Khng x l
tn than
cc
tn than
cc
2,62
tn than
cc
tn than
cc
0,57
tn than
cc
0,234
0,65
0,27
2 [32]
Mc 36: SX cc sn phm t khong sn phi kim loi ngoi tr cc s/phm ca

du m v than
326.SX thu tinh v cc sp
lm
bng
thu tinh
36201.Thu tinh v cc sp
thu
tinh
-L nu thu tinh nng
chy
+Container Glass.
Khng x l
My ra kh nng lng
tn
tn
0,7
0,4
1,7
0,9
3,1
3,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
thp
tn
0,1
0,1
3,1
0,1
0,1
My ra kh Venturi
[28] -S l t l trng lng lu hunh trong du nhin liu s dng.
-Cc ngun pht thi bi khng n nh khng c xt n trong cc
lit k.
-Cc ngun thi khi t du c tnh ti trong quy c nhng khng tnh ti
trong cc nh my trn thng trn.
-Tc nhn pht thi VOC i vi cc nh my trn tang th khng c
sn.
[29] Cc thit b x l bao gm bung t sau, thp lc kh ttc cao, ESP
in p thp.
[30] Mt tn than cha nha ng sinh ra xp x 0,7 tn than cc v 280
350 m3 kh.
[31] Gia nhit s b than ch c s dng mt vi nh my.
Trang 40

[32] Tc nhn SO2 in hnh c a vo mc tiu th than cha 0,8%S v
33%S chuyn t than sang kh l cc.
[33] Cc pht thi do kh t chy nhin liu u c tnh n.
Trang 41

Qu trnh
Lc vi hay ESP
+Thy tinh dt mng
Khng x l
My ra kh nng lng
n v
tnh (U)
tn
tn
tn
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
0,7
3,1
0,1
0,1
1,0
0,5
1,5
0,8
4,0
4,0
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
1,5
4,0
4,0
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
thp
My ra kh Venturi
Lc vi hoc ESP
+Thy tinh nn hoc
thi
Khng x l
My ra kh nng lng
tn
tn
tn
tn
8,7
4,2
2,8
1,3
4,3
4,3
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,2
My ra kh Venturi
Lc vi hoc ESP
-nh hnh v kt thc
+Container Glass
+Thy tinh nn v thi
SX si thy tinh: [34]
-Si thu tinh len (khng
x l)
+X l nguyn liu th
+L nu nng chy
thy tinh
Bng in
tn
tn
0,5
0,1
0,1
2,8
4,3
4,3
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,2
thp
tn
tn
4,4
4,5
tn
1,9
tn
0,25
0,02
0,14
0,025
F=0,0
01
Gas- Regenerative
tn
11
2,5
0,13
Gas- Recuperative
tn
14,
0,85
0,13
Gas- Unit Melter
tn
4,5
0,3
0,15
0,13
tn
tn
1
3
1,8
F=0,0
6
F=0,0
6
F=0,0
6
0,15
3,5
tn
1,9
tn
tn
tn
3
1
8
10
10
10
0,45
0,25
0,5
+nh hnh
+Over Curing (flame
Attenuation)
-Si thy tinh dt (khng

x l)
+X l nguyn liu th
+L nu nng chy
thy tinh
Gas- Unit Melter
Gas- Regenerative
Gas- Recuperative
1,5
15
Trang 42

+nh hnh
tn
0,5
Trang 43

Qu trnh
Oven Curing and Cooling
369.SX cc sn phm t
cc
khong sn phi kim
loi khc
3691.SX cc sn phm t
t st
-Gch v cc s/p bng
t st
+X l nguyn liu th
[35]
Phi kh
Khng x l
Xyclon
Xyclon +My ra
kh
Nghin mn
Khng x l
Xyclon
Xyclon +My ra
kh
Lu kho
Khng x l
Xyclon
Xyclon +My ra
kh
+ng rn v Nung
[36]
L nung ng hm
t kh
n v
tnh (U)
tn
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
0,6
1,3
0,75
tn
tn
tn
35
9
3,5
tn t
tn t
tn t
38
9,5
3,8
tn t
tn t
tn t
17
4
1,7
tn gch
0,012
0,09
0,03
t du
tn gch
0,29
1,98S
0,525
0,06
t than
t than/kh
t mn ca
L nung nh k
t kh
t du
t than
3629.SX ximng, vi &
thch cao
tn gch
tn gch
tn gch
0,34A
0,16A
0,12
3,65S
0,31S
0,73
0,81
0,71
0,004
5
0,016
5
0,008
tn gch
tn gch
tn gch
0,033
0,44
9,42
0
2,93S
6,06S
0,25
0,81
1,18
0,075
0,095
1,19
0,015
0,025
0,015
Trang 44

-SX vi [37]
[34] -Cc pht thi do t chy nhin liu u c tnh.
-Cc cng ngh x l c s dng bao gm ESP t, my ra kh t nh git
p sut thp v cao, l nung nhit nhit thp v cao.
[35] -Do nhng thay i v quy trnh cng ngh, 1 s cng on x l
nguyn liu th c th c b 1 phn hoc ton b.
[36] -S l phn trm S trong nhin liu.
-A l phn trm tro trong than.
-Cc pht thi do t nhin liu c tnh n.
-X l kh l nung bng my ra kh c th gim pht thi Flua khong
95%.
-Cc l t than kh him v than c nh hng n cht lng sn phm.
[37] -S l % lu hunh trong nhin liu.
-Cc pht thi do t nhin liu cng nh cc ngun pht thi bi khng
n nh c tnh ti.
Trang 45

Qu trnh
n v
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
+Ch bin v bo qun than (nu dng than lm nhin liu)
Bo qun than
ng l thin
tn vi
0,5
ng ra kn
tn vi
0,25
Ngn cha
tn vi
0,1
Sil cha
tn vi
0,1
Nghin v sng
than
Khng x l
tn vi
0,18
FF
tn vi
0,002
Nghin than
H thng nung(bn) tn vi
0
trc tip
H thng nung
gin tip
Khng x l
Lc vi
+Bo qun nguyn
liu th
Nghin v sng
Khng x l
Lc vi
+Bo qun ng/liu
nghin
ng l thin
ng ra kn
Ngn cha
Sil cha
+Vn chuyn nguyn
liu th
Khng x l
Lc vi
+Nung nguyn liu th
L nung thn
ng
Khng x l
Xyclon
H nhiu xyclon
tn vi
tn vi
tn vi
10
0,1
0,16
tn vi
tn vi
1,5
0,000
5
tn
tn
tn
tn
vi
vi
vi
vi
1,0
0,5
0,2
0,2
tn vi
tn vi
1,2
0,01
tn vi
tn vi
tn vi
3,0
1,0
0,75
0,9S
0,9S
0,9S
0,1
0,1
0,1
2,0
2,0
2,0
Trang 46

L nung nghing
kp ng
(Vertical Double Inclined
Kilos)
Khng x l
Xyclon
H nhiu xyclon
L nung thu hi
nhit
dng ngc/ dng song
song
Khng x l
Xyclon
H nhiu xyclon
L nung vng
Khng x l
Xyclon
Qu trnh
H nhiu xyclon
L quay ngn/ B
gia
nhit s b
kh m
Khng x l
Xyclon
H nhiu xyclon
Thit b lng
tnh in
Lc vi
L quay di
Khng x l
Xyclon
H nhiu xyclon
Thit b lng
tnh in
Lc vi
Calcimatic Kiln
Khng x l
Xyclon
H nhiu xyclon
+Lm mt vi
Thit b lm mt
kiu ghi
tn vi
tn vi
tn vi
10,5
3,6
2,6
0,9S
0,9S
0,9S
0,1
0,1
0,1
2,0
2,0
2,0
tn vi
tn vi
tn vi
8
2,8
2
0,9S
0,9S
0,9S
0,1
0,1
0,1
2,0
2,0
2,0
tn vi
tn vi
n v
tnh (U)
tn vi
tn
tn
tn
tn
12
0,9S
0,1
2,0
4,2
0,9S
0,1
2,0
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
3
0,9S
0,1
2,0
vi
vi
vi
vi
40
14
9
0,6
0,36S
0,36S
0,36S
0,36S
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
tn vi
0,2
0,36S
1,5
1,0
tn
tn
tn
tn
vi
vi
vi
vi
140
49
35
2
0,36S
0,36S
0,36S
0,36S
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
tn vi
0,4
0,36S
1,5
1,0
tn vi
tn vi
tn vi
25
8,7
6,2
0,9S
0,9S
0,9S
0,1
0,1
0,1
1,0
1,0
1,0
Trang 47

Khng x l
Xyclon
H nhiu xyclon
Lc vi
+ng gi v vn
chuyn vi
(b
ng tu)
+Ti vi
Khng x l
My ra kh
-SX ximng [38]
+Nh my x l tt tiu
biu
+Ch bin v bo
qun than
(nu dng than lm
nhin liu)
Bo qun than
ng cha l thin
ng ra kn
Ngn cha
Sil cha
Nghin v sng
than
Khng x l
Lc vi
Nghin mn than
H thng nung
(bn) trc
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
vi
vi
vi
vi
vi
20
4
2
0,1
0,12
tn vi
tn vi
35,00
0,04
tn XM
1,9
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
0,5
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
1,02
2,15
0,25
0,1
0,1
0,18
0,002
tip
Trang 48

Qu trnh
H thng nung
gin tip
Khng x l
Lc vi
+Bo qun nguyn
liu th
+Nghin v sng
ng/liu th
Nghin s cp v
th cp
Khng x l
Xyclon
H nhiu xyclon
Lc vi
Nghin cp ba [39]
Khng x l
Xyclon
H nhiu xyclon
Lc vi
+Vn chuyn nguyn
liu th
Khng x l.
X l tt (FF).
+Nung & nghin v/liu
th[40]
L nung quy trnh
kh
Khng x l
H nhiu xyclon
+ESP
Nh lc ti
n v
tnh (U)
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
10
0,1
0,14
4,2
0,85
0,63
0,02
5,1
1,0
0,77
0,026
128
1,02
2,15
0,34
1,02
2,15
0,16
1,02
Trang 49
L nung quy trnh Khng x l
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
ESP (T.b lng

tnh in)
Nh lc ti
+Lm ngui Clinker
Thit b lm mt
kiu ghi
Khng x l
Xyclon
H nhiu xyclon
Thit b lc bng
lp si
ESP
Nh lc ti
Thit b lm mt
quay hay
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
120
1,02
2,15
0,39
1,02
2,15
0,57
1,02
2,15
10,6
2,2
0,530
0,16
0,048
0,01
0,0
pl
anctary
+Bo qun Clinker
[38] Cc pht thi do t chy nhin liu u c tnh n.
[39] Nghin cc nguyn liu th cp ba thnh c mn nhm to thun li cho
cng on nghin mn. Tuy nhin, s bt kn hoc to gm ca thit b nghin
do c mt cc vt liu dnh thng lm hn ch nghin cp ba.
Trang 50

Qu trnh
ng cha l thin
ng cha ra kn
Ngn cha
Sil cha
+Nghin Clinker
My cn ng chu
trnh h
Khng x l
ESP hoc FF
My cn ng chu
trnh kn
hoc my
nghin ln
Khng x l
ESP hoc FF
+Bo qun cement
trong xilo
+V/chuyn cement
xung tu
Vn chuyn hng
ri
ng gi
Khng x l
n v
tnh (U)
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
5,4
2,4
0,12
0,12
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
10,6
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
tn
Clinker
85
tn
Clinker
0,05
0,43
0,13
0,1
tn
2,2
Clinker
ESP hoc FF
tn
0,01
Clinker
3699.SX cc sn phm t khong vt phi kim loi khng c phn loi cc
mc khc
-SX thch cao
+L sy qung quay
tn
Khng x l
5 60
tn
0,02
Lc vi
+Nghin th
Nghin trc
Trang 51

[40] -Trong nhng thit b x l kh in hnh, 1 phn hi nng t cc l
nung c cp liu cho phn xng nghin sy kh bt th. Kh t my nghin,
l sy v l nung c thu gom v x l trong 1 h thng chung.
-H s thi SO2 c nu da trn nhng nghin cu ca c cho bit hiu
sut tch loi SO2 qua cc phn ng vi bi kim l 88 100%. Nhng ngun thi
SO2 cao hn xy ra ch khi nng SO2 vt qu hm lng kim trong bt th.
-Cn c vo nhng d liu hn ch Hi bo v mi trng Hoa K cho bit
vic tch loi SO2 t t 21 45% v ngh s dng cc h s pht thi SO2
nh sau: /v cc l nung than: 5,4+3,6.S; /c l nung nhin liu du: 5,4+2,2.S v
/v cc l nung bng kh:5,4. Trong S l % trng lng lu hunh trong nhin
liu s dng.
[41] - sn xut 1 tn gang xm, cn khong 143 kg than cc.
-Cc h s pht thi tnh ton cng c p dng /v cc ngun bi khng
n nh, cng nh cc ngun thi do qu trnh t chy than cc.
[42] -S l % lu hunh trong than cc.
[43] -h s pht thi =7,0 phi s dng trong trng hp c lp t l t
sau.
Trang 52

Qu trnh
Khng x l
Lc vi
ESP
Nghin p
Khng x l
Lc vi
+L nung
Nung gin on
Khng x l
Lc vi
Nung cho lin tc
Khng x l
Lc vi
ESP
-nh lng b tng
+Thi cng
ngh(khng x l)
+Xo mn do gi
Kho ct v ct liu
n v
tnh (U)
tn
tn
tn
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
1,3
0,06
0,05
tn
tn
50
0,01
tn
tn
19
0,02
tn
tn
tn
21
0,003
0,05
tn
0,05
1000
m2.nm
142
+Vn chuyn bng xe

ti
(ng khng c lt
km
4,5
mt)
-SX Trn Chu
Khng x l
tn
10,5
Lc vi
tn
0,1
Mc 37: Cng nghip
371.Cng nghip st thp
-c gang xm [41]
+L luyn ng
[42,43]
tn
6,9
Khng x l
tn
4,0
Chp m n
tn
2,5
My ra kh va
p
tn
1,6
My ra kh
tn
0,4
My ra kh n/lng
cao
tn
0,3
Nh lc ti
tn
0,7
Bung t sau
+ESP
kim loi thng
0,6S
0,3S
0,3S
73
73
73
Pb=0,32
0,3S
0,3S
73
73
Pb=0,07
0,6S
0,6S
73
7
Pb=0,01
Pb=0,19
Pb=0,12
Pb=0,02
Pb=0,03
Trang 53

+L nung h quang
in
Khng x l
Nh lc ti
+L nung cm ng
in
Khng x l
Nh lc ti
+L phng x
Khng x l
Nh lc ti
tn
tn
6,3
0,2
0,16
0,16
9,75
9,75
0,09
0,09
tn
tn
0,5
0,1
Pb=0,026
tn
tn
1,1
0,1
Pb=0,038
Pb=0,005
Pb=0,004
Trang 54

Qu trnh
-Cn st thp
+Nung [44]
Hp gi (thng b)
Khng x l
ESP kh
ESP t
My ra Venturi
Xyclon
Lc vi
Braker v mng
chn nhit
Khng x l
My ra Venturi
Nh lc ti
+L cao (l thi gi)
[45,46]
Xng c 0 x l
[47]
L nung ht chn
khng
cc b
+L nung Oxy c bn
L tinh luyn & nu
chy
Khng x l
Chp h vi ESP
Chp h vi my
ra kh
Chp kn vi my
ra kh
Cp liu, chc l
thng,
vn
chuyn
+L nung h quang
n v
tnh (U)
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
x
x
x
x
x
x
4,35
0,8
0,085
0,235
0,5
0,1
tn x
tn x
tn x
3,4
0,295
0,05
tn
0,3
tn
0,65
tn
tn
tn
14,25
0,065
0,045
tn
0,003
4
0,25
tn
22
[44] -Quy trnh nung c s dng trong 1 s nh my chuyn cc vt liu

th, mn (qung sawtsbuij than c, vi, vy cn v cc bi ng khi) thnh
sn phm c kch thc ph hp cp liu cho l cao.
- sn xut 1 tn sn phm c, yu cu khong 2,5 tn nguyn liu
th, k c nc v nhin liu.
Trang 55

[45] - sn xut 1 tn st yu cu 1,4 tn qung, 0,5 0,65 tn than cc,
0,25 tn vi hoc ocomit v 1,8 2,0 tn khng kh.
-Cc sn phm ph gm 0,2 0,4 tn x v 2,5 3,5 tn kh l cao cha
t 50 kg bi tr ln.
-Cc kh pht thi do s dng kh l cao (sau khi kh bi) khng c tnh
vo cc h s lit k y v cn c tnh ring.
[46] -Cc phng php x l kh l cao in hnh ([bung lng hoc xyclon]
+ [My ra t] + [My ra t nng lng cao hoc ESP ] thng c xem l mt phn
ca quy trnh v s lm sch kh l cao c yu cu trc khi s dng lm nhin
liu.
Cc h s pht thi TSP lit k khng tnh n do st l cao (39,5 tn/tn
kim loi nng cho mi ln st).
[47] -in hnh cho cc l nung c.
Trang 56

Qu trnh
Khng x l
Thp Cacbon
Thp hp kim
X l cc pht thi
s cp
X l cc pht thi
s cp
v
th cp
+L nung Martin
Khng x l
Lc vi ESP
-SX hp kim Fe (l nu
chy)[48]
+St -Silic (50%)
Khng x l -L h
Khng x l -L bc
Nh lc ti
My ra kh nng lng
cao
My ra kh nng lng
thp
+St -Silic (75%)

Khng x l -L h
Khng x l -L bc
My ra kh nng lng
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
tn
tn
tn
25
5,65
0,15
tn
0,021
5
tn
tn
10,55
0,22
tn
tn
tn
tn
35
46
0,9
0,24
tn
4,5
tn
tn
tn
158
103
4
tn
282
tn
tn
436
16
tn
tn
tn
14
0,24
0,8
tn
tn
6
37
69
69
thp
+St -Silic (90%)

Khng x l -L h
+St -Silic (98%)
Khng x l -L h
Nh lc ti
+St -Mangan (80%)
Khng x l -L h
Nh lc ti
My lc kh nng lng
cao
+St -Mangan (1%

Silic)
Khng x l -L bc
Khng x l -L kn
Trang 57

My lc kh nng lng
tn
0,25
tn
tn
78
1,2
tn
tn
tn
96
2,1
cao
+St -Crm (nhiu

Cacbon)
Khng x l -L h
Bung lng tnh
in ESP
+Silic -Mangan
Khng x l -L h
Khng x l -L kn
My ra kh nng lng
cao
[48] -T l c nu trong cc hp kim cho bit nguyn t to hp kim ch yu

trong sn phm.
Trang 58

Qu trnh
My ra kh nng lng
thp
-L c thp
+L nung h quang
in
Khng x l
Bung lng tnh
in(ESP)
Nh lc ti
My ra kh Venturi
+L Martin
Khng x l
Bung lng tnh
in(ESP)
Nh lc ti
My ra kh Venturi
+L Martin vi n x
Oxy
Khng x l
Bung lng tnh
in(ESP)
Nh lc ti
My ra kh Venturi
+L nung cm ng
in
Khng x l
372.Cng nghip c s
kim loi mu.
-Nu chy ng s cp
+Khng x l
n v
tnh (U)
tn
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
0,15
tn
tn
6,5
0,33
0,1
0,1
tn
tn
0,1
0,26
0,1
tn
tn
5,5
0,18
0,005
0,005
tn
tn
0,006
0,14
0,005
tn
tn
5
0,175
tn
tn
0,05
0,175
tn
0,05
tn
qung Cu
62
530
Tn
ng
248,0
2120
+ESP nng (200 340

C)
tn
qung Cu
15,5
530
Tn
ng
62
2120
+ESP ngui (120 C)
tn
qung Cu
2,5
530
Tn
ng
10
2120
tn
qung Cu
2,5
25,2
+SX H2SO4 tip xc

n
Trang 59
+SX H2SO4 tip xc

kp
-Nu chy, phi trn Cu
th cp
+Ph liu ng
L ng (khng x
l)
L phn x (l la
qut)
Khng x l
Lc vi
L h quang in
Khng x l
Lc vi
Tn
ng
10
100,7
tn
qung Cu
2,5
Tn
ng
10
32
tn
0,002
tn
tn
2,6
0,2
tn
tn
2,5
0,5
Trang 60

Qu trnh
L cm ng in
Khng x l
Lc vi
+Dy ng cch in
L ng
Khng x l
ESP
+Ph liu ng v
ng thau
L ng
Khng x l
ESP
+ng thau v ng
L phn x (l la
qut)
Khng x l
Lc vi
L quay
Khng x l
ESP
L ni hoc cho
Khng x l
ESP
L h quang in
Khng x l
Lc vi
L cm ng in
Khng x l
Lc vi
SX Oxit Nhm (Quy trnh
Bayert qung
Bauxite)
-Nghin Bauxite
+Khng x l
+Thp phun
+My ra tng ni
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
tn
tn
3,5
0,25
tn
tn
120
5,0
tn
tn
3,5
1,2
tn
tn
18
1,3
tn
tn
150
7
tn
tn
11
0,5
tn
tn
5,5
3,0
tn
tn
10
0,35
tn
Bxit
tn
Bxit
tn
Bxit
3
0,9
0,85
Trang 61

+Thp dp nc+ Mn
phun
-Nung Al(OH)3
+Khng x l
tn
Bxit
0,5
tn
100
Nhm
+Thp phun
tn
30
Nhm
+My ra tng ni
tn
28
Nhm
+Thp dp nc+ Mn
tn
17
phun
Nhm
+ESP
tn
2
Nhm
[49] -T 1,4 3,3 tn qung Bauxite s SX c 1 tn oxit nhm, 1 tn oxit
nhm to ra 529 kg Nhm
Trang 62

Qu trnh
-Nung Al s cp (t Al2O3)
[50]
+Phng php in
phn nung s b
L nung anode
Khng x l
Thp phun
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
tn Al
tn Al
1,5
0,375
ESP
tn Al
0,375
My ra Al kh
tn Al
0,03
Picbaked Reduction
Cells
Khng x l (tng
cng)
Khng n nh
H a Xyclon
My ra Al kh
ESP kh +Thp
phun
Thp phun
My ra tng ni
My ra kh FF c ph
Cross Flow Packed
Bed
My ra kh &th
cp
+Vertical Sodeberg Cell
F-=0,5
F=0,035
F=0,035
F=0,0055
47
10S
F-=22
2,5
9,8
0,9
2,25
0,5S
F-=1,1
F-=13,5
F-=0,3
F-=2,4
8,9
8,9
0,9
F-=2,6
F-=2,15
F-=1,9
13,15
F-=6,05
0,35
F-=0,35
Method
Vertical Sodeberg
Cells
Khng x l (tng
cng)
Khng n nh
Thp phun
My ra Venturi
H a Xyclon
My ra Al kh
My ra+ESP
+Mn phun
39
6
8,25
1,3
16,5
0,65
3,85
F-=22
F-=3,3
F-=1,3
F-=0,35
F-=16,4
F-=0,25
Trang 63

+Horizontal Sodeberg
Cell
Method
[50] -S l % trng lng trong anode nung s b.
-H s TSP lit k bao gm cc ht florua.
-H s F- lit k bao gm cc ht cng nh hi florua.
-Nu c x l, ngun khng n nh cng nh cc pht thi ng khi
c x l cn c tnh ton.
- cc nh my lc hu, cc bnh in phn c th khng c thit k
np y thu hi thot v iu ny c th lm gia tng ng k h s pht
thi khng n nh cha x l.
- sn xut 1 tn Nhm cn cung cp:
in = 13,2 18,7 MWH.
Al2O3 =1,89 1,92 tn (hoc 2,7 6,3 tn Boxit).
in cc Cacbon = 0,45 0,55 tn.
Trang 64

Qu trnh
Horizontal
Sodeberg Cell
Khng x l (tng
cng)
Khng n nh
Thp phun
My ra tng ni
My ra +ESP t
T.B lng tnh
in t
My ra Al2O3 kh
-SX Nhm th cp
+X l s b
L hp hi
Khng x l
Lc vi
+Nu chy
L ni
Khng x l
L phn x (l hi
qut)
Khng x l
Lc vi hoc ESP
+Demagging (Clo ho)
Khng x l
Lc vi
-Nu chy Ch s cp
+Pht thi khng n
nh
+Nghin qung
Khng x l
Lc vi
+Nung kt (Updraft)
Khng x l
B thu li tm
ESP
Lc vi
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
49
10S
F-=17
0,5S
tn Al
5
11
9,7
0,9
0,9
F-=1,7
F-=5,1
F-=1,4
F-=0,2
F-=0,6
tn Al
0,9
tn Al x
l s b
-nt-
7,25
tn Al
0,95
tn Al
tn Al
2,15
0,65
tn Cl2
tn Cl2
500
25
tn Pb
16,74
tn
qung
nghin
-nt-
1,0
Pb=0,1
5
0,01
Pb=0,001
5
tn
tn
tn
tn
Pb
Pb
Pb
Pb
F-=0,3
1,65
106,5
16
3,2
3,2
Pb=2,5
275
275
275
275
Pb=87
Pb=13
Pb=2,61
Pb=2,61
Trang 65

SX H2SO4 (tip xc
n)
SX H2SO4 (tip xc
kp)
Nh my ti sinh lu
hunh
nguyn t
Hp th Dimetyl
Aniline
Hp th NH3
+L cao (l thi gi)
Khng x l
tn Pb
0,32
9,6
Pb=0,26
tn Pb
0,32
5,5
Pb=0,26
tn Pb
0,32
27,5
Pb=0,26
tn Pb
0,32
8,25
Pb=0,26
tn Pb
0,32
17,9
Pb=0,26
tn Pb
180,5
22,5
Pb=29
Trang 66

Qu trnh
B thu li tm
ESP
Lc vi
SX H2SO4 (tip xc
n)
SX H2SO4 (tip xc
kp)
Nh my ti sinh lu
hunh
nguyn t
Hp th Dimetyl
Aniline
Hp th NH3
+L la qut x
(Dross
Reverberatory
Furnoce)
Khng x l
B thu li tm
Lc vi
+X l vt liu
Khng x l
Lc vi
-Gia cng Ch s cp
+X l s b
L hp hi
Pht thi khng
n nh
Khng x l
C x l
+Nu chy
Pht thi khng n
nh
L la qut (l
phng x)
Khng x l
C x l
n v
tnh (U)
tn Pb
tn Pb
tn Pb
tn Pb
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
27,1
22,5
Pb=4,3
5
5,4
22,5
Pb=0,9
5,4
22,5
Pb=0,9
0,54
0,8
Pb=0,1
tn Pb
0,54
0,5
Pb=0,1
tn Pb
0,54
2,25
Pb=0,1
tn Pb
0,54
0,7
Pb=0,1
tn Pb
0,54
1,5
Pb=0,1
tn Pb
tn Pb
10
1,5
tn Pb
0,3
tn Pb
tn Pb
2,4
0,07
tn Pb
1,3
tn Pb
tn Pb
25,5
0,25
tn Pb
8,2
tn Pb
tn Pb
162
0,5
Pb=2,4
Pb=0,3
6
Pb=0,0
7
Pb=0,5
5
Pb=6
Pb=0,0
6
Pb=2,1
9
40
40
Pb=32
Pb=0,
1
Trang 67

Thi gi (l ng)
Khng x l
C x l
+Tinh luyn
Tinh ch trong ni
hi
Khng x l
C x l
Oxi ho trong ni
hi
Lc vi
-SX c quy
Khng x l [51]
C x l
tn Pb
tn Pb
153
1,12
27
27
Pb=52
Pb=0,1
5
Pb=0,006
tn Pb
tn Pb
tn PbO
<20
Pb<20,0
1000 c
quy
1000 c
quy
63,2
Pb=6,94
3,2
Pb=0,5
-Nu chy km s cp
Trang 68

Qu trnh
+Quy trnh ho
luyn
Pht thi khng n
inh
Nung
L nung nhiu
y
Khng x l
Xyclon +ESP
SX H2SO4
L nung treo
Khng x l
Xyclon +ESP
SX H2SO4
L nung tng lng
Khng x l
Xyclon +ESP
SX H2SO4
Xng nung kt
Khng x l
Xyclon
Xyclon +ESP
Chng trong bnh
c cong
(khng
x l).
Bnh chng thng
ng
Bnh chng in
+Quy trnh in
phn
Pht thi khng n
nh
Nung
L nung nhiu
y
Khng x l
Xyclon +ESP
SX H2SO4
L nung treo
Khng x l
Xyclon +ESP
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
tn Zn
3,85
tn Zn
tn Zn
tn Zn
113
0,5
0,34
1100
1100
33
tn Zn
tn Zn
tn Zn
1000
4
3
1100
1100
33
tn Zn
tn Zn
tn Zn
1083
4
3,2
1100
1100
33
tn Zn
tn Zn
tn Zn
62,5
24,1
8,25
110
110
110
tn Zn
7,15
tn Z n
10
tn Zn
1,26
tn Zn
tn Zn
tn Zn
113
0,5
0,34
1100
1100
33
tn Zn
tn Zn
1000
4
1100
1100
Trang 69

SX H2SO4
L nung tng lng
Khng x l
Xyclon +ESP
SX H2SO4
Qu trnh in
phn
Khng x l
-Nu chy Km th cp
tn Zn
33
tn Zn
tn Zn
tn Zn
1083
4
3,2
1100
1100
33
tn Zn
3,3
[51] -Thit b lc vi c xem nh mt phn nguyn ca my nghin oxide

Ch.
Trang 70

Qu trnh
+X l s b
Hp hi (swcating)
L phn x (l la
qut)
Ph liu kim loi
sch
Ph liu k.loi ni
chung
Khng x l
Lc vi
Ph liu d.
Khng x l
Lc vi
L quay
Khng x l
Lc vi
L mp (l nung
cch la)
Khng x l
Lc vi
L ni
Ph liu kim loi
sch
Ph liu k.loi ni
chung
Khng x l
Lc vi
Ph liu d
Khng x l
Lc vi
L in tr
Khng x l
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
tn ph
liu
tn ph
liu
tn ph
liu
6,5
tn ph
liu
tn ph
liu
16
tn ph
liu
tn ph
liu
0,1
0,24
9
0,14
tn ph
liu
tn ph
liu
10,7
tn ph
liu
tn ph
liu
tn ph
liu
5,5
0,16
0,08
tn ph
liu
tn ph
liu
12,5
tn ph
liu
<5
0,2
Trang 71

Lc vi
Nghin v sng
Khng x l
Lc vi
Ngm chit
Na2CO3
Nghin sng
Khng x l
tn ph
liu
<0,7
tn ph
liu
tn ph
liu
2,2
tn ph
liu
tn ph
liu
Lc vi
Nung
Khng x l
Lc vi
Nu chy
Nu chy trong ni
Khng x l
Tinh luyn
Chng cch la v
bnh
0,02
2,2
0,02
tn ph
liu
tn ph
liu
44,5
tn Zn
0,05
0,7
c
cong
Trang 72

Qu trnh
Khng x l
Lc vi
Chng ct in cc
Graphit
Chng ct /oxi ho
bnh c
cong
Chng ct/OXH chn
nung
Kh trong bnh c
cong
Khng x l
Lc vi
M in
n v
tnh (U)
tn Zn
tn Zn
tn Zn
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
23
0,35
0,0
tn ZnO
15
tn ZnO
15
tn Zn
tn Zn
tn Zn
dng
Major Divission 4:
410.Electricity Gas
&Stream [52]
-Nhin liu kh
+Kh t nhin [53]
Utility Boiloir
L t cng
nghip
L t gia nh
Tuabin tnh chy vi
kh t
+Kh du m ho lng
(LPG)
Ni hi cng
nghip
L t gia nh
23,5
0,35
2,5
Electricity Gas & Water
1000
Nm3
tn
1000
Nm3
tn
1000
Nm3
tn
1000
Nm3
tn
0,048
15,6S
0,64
0,028
20S
15,6S
8,8f
[54]
11,3f
2,24
0,061
0,048
0,82
0,56
0,036
0,092
0,061
0,048
20S
15,6S
2,87
1,6
0,72
0,32
0,118
0,127
0,061
.
0,224
0,287
20S
15,6S
2,05
6,62
0,41
1,84
0,163
0,673
20S
8,91
2,36
0,863
m3(lng)
0,031
0,004
1,51
0,37
0,06
tn
m (lng)
tn
0,060
0,031
0,060
0,007
0,004
0,007
2,9
1,07
2,05
0,71
0,22
0,42
0,12
0,09
0,17
-Nhin liu lng

+Du mazut ct
Trang 73

Ni hi cng
nghip v
tn
0,28
20S
2,84
0,71
0,035
SO3=0,28S
tn
0,36[5
5]
20S
2,60
0,71
0,354
SO3=0,28S
tn
0,710
20S
9,62
2,19
0,791
MWH
0,369
10,4S
5,01
1,14
0,415
thng mi
L nung cn
Tuabin tnh chy vi
kh t
[52] -S l phn trm trng lng lu hunh trong nhin liu.

-A l phn trm trng lng tro trong nhin liu rn.
-N l phn trm trng lng Nit trong nhin liu.
[53] -Hm lng lu hunh c trng trong khistwj nhin l 0,000615%.
[54] -i vi cc l hi t chy tip tuyn s dng 5,6F kg/1000 Nm3. H s
kh ti trng f c tnh t phng trnh f= 0,3505- 0,005235L +0,0001173L 2.
Trong L l ti trng l hi trung bnh (%), ti trng l howitrung bnh c
trng l 87%.
Trang 74

Qu trnh
+Du mazut cn [56]
Ni hi ph bin
Khng x l
ESP -nng lng
thp
ESP -nng lng cao
My ra kh
Ni hi cng
nghip v
thng mi
+Du nhn thi [60]
Ni hi cng
nghip v
thng mi
L si gia nh
-Nhin liu rn
+Than anthracite [61]
L t bng than
bi
Khng x l
Xyclon
ESP -hiu sut cao
Lc vi
Travelling Guate
Stocker
Khng x l
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
8,5
[57]
8,5
0,64
0,127
SO3=0,25S
0,64
0,09
SO3=0,25S
20S
1,5S
20S
8,5
8,5
1,0[5
9]
0,64
0,64
0,64
0,09
0,09
0,163
SO3=0,25S
8,1A
20S
2,7
0,67
0,13 Pb=5,6P
tn
8,6A
20S
2,7
0,67
0,13 Pb=6,8P
tn
tn
tn
tn
5A
1,25A
0,36A
0,01A
19,5S
19,5S
19,5S
19,5S
9,0
9,0
9,0
9,0
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,055
0,055
0,055
0,055
tn
4,6
19,5S
5,0
0,3
0,055
tn
20S
tn
0,5P
20S
tn
tn
tn
0,1P
0,45P
P
tn
SO3=0,25S
[55] -Trong trng hp thiu cc chng trnh I/M l hi, cc h s pht thi khi
c th t 1,6 kg/tn.
[56] -P l h s pht thi TSP cha x l , l hm s ph thuc vo t l lu
hunh trong du mazut v c tnh t phng trnh P=0,4 +1,32S.
[57] -i vi cc l hi t chy tip tuyn: 5,3 kg/tn.
-i vi cc l hi t chy theo phng trnh thng ng: 13,3 kg/tn.
-i vi tt c cc loi l hi khc: 8,5 kg/tn.
[58] -Trong trng hp thiu cc chng trnh I/M l hi, h s pht thi khi
trung bnh c th vt qu gi tr trong bng khong 60%, Economopoulos (1987).
-Trong trng hp cc chng trnh I/M l hi hiu qu cao c thc hin,
h s pht thi khi trung bnh c th thp hn, ch bng 45% gi tr lit k
trong bng, Economopoulos (1991).
Trang 75

[59] -Nu bit c hm lng Nit trong nhin liu, h s pht thi NOx c th
c tnh chnh xc hn t cng thc thc nghim: (3,25 +59,2N2 ).
[60] -Cc gi tr A v S c trng trong du nhn l 0,65% v 0,5%.
-P l % trng lng Ch trong nhin liu. Gi tr P ph thuc vo hm lng
Ch trong xng s dng. M, gi tr trung bnh ca P gim t 1% vo nm 1970
(cc xe ca xc tc v xng khng Ch u khng s dng) xung cn 0,11% vo
nm 1982-83 ( 3 nm sau khi gii thiu xe t xc tc v xng khng Ch) v
xung 0,04% vo nm 1985-86 (6 nm sau khi gii thiu t xc tc v xng khng
Ch).
[61] -Hm lng tro v lu hunh in hnh l 8,1% v 0,9% i vi than siu
anthraxit; 9,4% v 0,6% i vi than anthraxit; 12,4% v 2% i vi than na
anthraxit theo th t (lm kh s cp).
Trang 76

Qu trnh
Xyclon
Thit b cp liu
bng tay
+Than (cha) bitum &
Subbitumino
us [62]
Than bi/l y kh
Khng x l
H a xyclon
ESP -hiu sut cao
Than cha t S+No
Condning
Cc loi khc
Lc vi
Kh S trong kh
nhin liu
Than bi/l y t
Khng x l
H a xyclon
ESP -hiu sut cao
Than cha t S+No
Condning
Cc loi khc
Lc vi
n v
tnh (U)
tn
tn
tn
5A
19,5S
10,5[6
0,3
0,055
tn
1,25A
19,5S
3]
10,5
0,3
0,055
tn
0,33A
19,5S
10,5
0,3
0,055
tn
19,5S
10,5
0,3
0,055
tn
tn
>0,01
A
0,01A
0,05A
19,5S
19,5S
10,5
10,5
0,3
0,3
0,055
0,055
tn
tn
3,5A
0,88A
19,5S
19,5S
17
17
0,3
0,3
0,055
0,055
tn
0,227
A
19,5S
17
0,3
0,055
tn
>0,00
7A
19,5S
17
0,3
0,055
tn
0,007
A
0,035
A
19,5S
17
0,3
0,055
19,5S
17
0,3
0,055
A
0,065
A
0,002
A
19,5S
19,5S
18,5
18,5
0,3
0,3
0,055
0,055
19,5S
18,5
0,3
0,055
tn
tn
30
8,5
19,5S
19,5S
7,0
7,0
2,5
2,5
0,055
0,055
tn
8,0
19,5S
3,25
3,0
0,055
Kh S trong kh
nhin liu
L xyclon (l gi
xoy)
Khng x l
ESP -hiu sut cao
tn
Lc vi
tn
L np liu phun t
ng
Khng x l
H a xyclon
L np liu qu mc
Khng x l
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
>1,2 19,5S
5,0
0,3
0,055
5,0
19,5S
1,5
45,0
9,0
tn
tn
Trang 77

H a xyclon
L np liu t di
Khng x l
H a xyclon
L t bng tay (th
cng).
+Than non [64]
tn
4,5
19,5S
3,25
3,0
0,055
tn
tn
tn
7,5
5,5
7,5
15,5S
15,5S
15,5S
4,75
4,75
1,5
5,5
5,5
45,0
1,05
1,05
9,0
[62] -T l S v tro iu chnh trong than bitum l 4,9% v 0,8% i vi cc

loi than c hm lng cht bay hi thp; 2,9% v 0,6% i vi than c bay hi
trung bnh; 6,5% v 1,3% i vi than A c bay hi cao; 5,4% v 1,4% i
vi than B c bay cao; V 9,1% &2,6% i vi than C c bay hi cao ln lt
theo th t (l kh s cp).
-T l lu hunh v tro in hnh trong than Subbituminous l: 4,7% v
1% i vi cc loi A; 2,8% v 0,5% i vi loi B; 13,2% v 0,4% i vi loi C theo
th t (lm kh s cp).
[63] -i vi cc l t tip tuyn th s dng h s 7,5 kg/tn.
Trang 78

Qu trnh
L t bng than
bi
Khng x l
Xyclon
ESP -cc thit b c
hn
ESP -hiu sut cao
Lc vi
Lc S trong kh
ng khi
L xyclon
Khng x l
Xyclon
ESP -cc thit b c
hn
ESP -hiu sut cao
Lc vi
L np liu phun t
ng
Khng x l
H a xyclon
My np liu qu
mc
Khng x l
H a xyclon
My np liu t di
Khng x l
H a xyclon
+G v v cy
L hi t cy
L hi t v
+cy
Khng x l
H a xyclon
L hi t v
Khng x l
H a xyclon
n v
tnh (U)
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
tn
3,1A
tn
tn
0,93A
0,16A
tn
tn
tn
15S[6
5]
15S
15S
6 [66]
0,3
0,055
6
6
0,3
0,3
0,055
0,055
>0,01
6A
15S
0,3
0,055
0,016
A
0,031
A
15S
0,3
0,055
1,5S
0,3
0,055
tn
tn
tn
3,3A
A
0,165
A
15S
15S
15S
8,5
8,5
8,5
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,055
0,055
0,055
tn
>0,01
7A
15S
8,5
0,3
0,055
tn
0,017
A
15S
8,5
0,3
0,055
tn
tn
3,4A
A
15S
15S
3,0
3,0
2,5
2,5
0,055
0,055
tn
tn
1,5A
0,84A
15S
15S
3,0
3,0
3,0
3,0
0,055
0,055
tn
tn
1,5A
1,1A
15S
15S
3,0
3,0
5,5
5,5
1,05
1,05
tn
4,4
0,015
0,34
13,0
0,85
tn
tn
3,0
2,7
0,075
0,075
0,34
0,34
13,0
13,0
0,85
0,85
tn
tn
24
4,5
0,2
0,2
0,34
0,34
13,0
13,0
0,85
0,85
Trang 79

L sy t g
Cc thit b quy nh
Thi thp khng
xc tc
Thi thp xc tc
tn
tn
15
9,6
0,2
0,2
1,4
140,0
130,0
46,0
tn
6,6
0,2
1,0
39,0
21,6
[64] -A l t l % trng lng tro trong nhin liu (lm m s b khi t).
-S l t l % trng lng lu hunh trong nhin liu (lm m s b khi t).
-Hm lng tro v S in hnh l 8,8 9,5% v 0,8 1,1%
(lm kh s b).
[65] - nh gi chnh xc hn, tnh ton h s pht thi SO2 t h thc (20
-1,44.Na2O).S, trong Na2O l % hm lng tro trong cc thnh phn kim.
[66] -i vi cc thit b t gng l i din ngang v gng l trc: 70
kg/tn.
-i vi cc thit b t gng l i din: 4,0 kg/tn.
-Than non c m cao v tr s nhit thp c th to ra lng thi NOx
thp hn ng k.
Trang 80

Qu trnh
Cc thit b t
cn li
+B ma
n v
tnh (U)
tn
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
14,0
0,2
1,7
85,0
43,0
tn
8,0
0,0
0,6
Major Divission 6: Kinh doanh s v l
610.Bun bn l
-Cc trm nhin liu ln
+Kho cha nhin liu
[67]
B cha mi ni
Xng
m3 kho
cha
xng
-nt-nt-nt-nt-
Du th
Xng nng phn lc
Kersin phn lc
Du ct
B cha mi c
nh
Xng
Du th
Xng nng phn lc
Kersin phn lc
Du ct
Trm cp xng xe ti
Vn chuyn xng
Ti khng y
Ti y [68]
Chuyn ch bnh
thng
Chuyn ch cn
bng hi
X l hi
1,14
0,435
0,415
0,019
0,015
m3 kho
cha
xng
-nt-nt-nt-nt-
13,1
m3 xng
tn xng
1,43
1,94
m3 xng
0,59
tn xng
m3 xng
0,80
0,98
tn xng
m3 xng
tn xng
1,33
0,05
0,07
m3 xng
0,43
2,8
3,8
0,19
0,17
Vn chuyn xng
nng
p
hn lc
Ti khng y
Trang 81

tn xng
0,58
[67] -Cc h s pht thi lit k cho bit ti lng VOC tnh bng kg/nm.
[68] -Trong qu trnh chuyn ch cn bng hi, xe ch hng thu hi hi thi
ra trong qu trnh lm y b ngm cc trm cha (xem di y SIC 620).
Cng on ny lm tng nng VOC trong khng kh ca cc xe rng v gy
pht thi VOC cao hn khi xe c cha y. Cn lu rng, hu ht s gim
pht thi VOC t c thng qua qu trnh lm y hi cn bng ca cc b
cha y t c bng cc pht thi gia tng tng ng cc trm cp xng xe
ti, tr phi mt h thng thu hi hi c s dng phn sau.
Trang 82

Qu trnh
Ti y [68]
Chuyn ch bnh
thng
Chuyn ch cn
bng hi
620.Bun bn l
-Hot ng ca cc trm
dch v
Rt khng y
Rt y
Rt cn bng hi
+Tip nhin liu xe c
Khng x l
Rt cn bng hi
7.Vn ti, kho cha v
thng tin lin lc
711.Vn ti ng t [69]
-Xe chy xng ti trng
nh
<
3,5 tn
+Cc pht thi bay
hi [70]
Pht thi hi nng
[71]
Xe vi b ch ho
kh
Xe vi phun nhin
liu
Tn tht khi chy
Tn tht ban ngy
Khng x l
n v
tnh (U)
m3 xng
nng
tn xng
nng
m3 xng
nng
tn xng
nng
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
(kg/U) (kg/U) (kg/U) (kg/U) (kg/U) (kg/U)
0,18
0,24
0,30
0,40
m3 xng
tn xng
m3 xng
tn xng
m3 xng
tn xng
1,5
2,03
1,0
1,353
0,16
0,217
m3 xng
tn xng
m3 xng
tn xng
1,4
1,894
0,212
0,287
1000 km
1000 km
1000 km
Xe.nm
9,4/Ltri
p
0,7/Ltri
p
0,1
1
2,635
Trang 83

X l bay hi [72]
Xe.nm
0,069
4
[69] -S l % trng lng lu hunh trong nhin liu; Cc gi tr c trng i vi

xng l 0,039% 0,15% v i vi du Diesel l 0,2% 0,5%.
-P l hm lng Pb trung bnh trong xng s dng tnh bng g/lt. Trong
xng khng Pb, nng Ch kh thp (<0,013 g/l), trong khi gi tr c trng
trong xng Premium (?) l 0,15 0,4 (g/l).
[70] -Cc pht thi bay hi c th phn chia thnh: tn tht khi vn hnh
(xut hin trong khi xe c ang vn hnh). Tn tht hi nng (qu trnh bay
hi nhin liu, ch yu t bnh cha v phu Cacbuarator, mi ln xe ngng vi
ng c nng) v tn tht ban ngy (gin n v pht thi hi, ch yu t b
cha nhin liu, do bin thin nhit ban ngy).
-Cc h s pht thi chnh xc ph thuc vo nhit mi trng xung
quanh v kh nng bay hi ca xng. tnh ton cc nh hng ny, h s
lit k cn c nhn vi h s sa i/ hiu chnh tng ng. Chng hn nh mt
hng dn chn la phn sau, cc h s hiu chnh c th p dng i vi cc nc
thuc cng ng chu u c cho di y:
Quc gia
Tn tht ban
Pht thi hi
Tn tht vn
ngy
nng
hnh
B, Php, Lucxmbua
1,0
0,9
0,9
B o Nha, Ty Ban
1,3
0,8
0,8
Nha
Hy Lp,
2,1
1,2
1,2
Aixlen, Anh
2,5
2,2
2,0
an mch, c, H
1,0
1,0
1,0
Lan
-S tnh ton cc pht thi bay hi da trn cc h s lit k c xem l
cao. Mt m hnh thay th bng cch nh gi pht thi bay hi bng hm s
ph thuc iu kin kh hu v kh nng bay hi ca nhin liu c trnh by
phn 3.3.3.
[71] -Ltrip l khong cch trung bnh, tnh bng km, mt xe t c vn hnh
mi khi ng c ca n c khi ng.
[72] -Cc x l bay hi s dng cc hp chng hi c c nn y bng
than hot tnh, lp ni vi tt c cc ng dn nhin liu. Do , bt k pht thi
VOC hi nng hoc ban ngy no s c hp th bi Cacbon hot tnh v gi li
trong hp chng hi c. Cacbon c lm sch VOC trong sut qu trnh vn
hnh bng cch ht kh ngc tr li qua hp chng hi c v i vo ng c,
ni m kh b t chy.
Trang 84

Qu trnh
-Thi kh x [73]
+Cc xe SX trc nm
1971
Chy trong khu vc
th
ng c <1400cc
n v
tnh (U)
0,07
0,74
1,9S
20S
1,64
17,29
45,6
480,6
3,86 Pb=0,13P
40,69 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,07
2,22S
1,87
45,6
3,86 Pb=0,15P
tn nhin
liu
0,63
20S
16,87
411,6
34,85 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,07
0,51
2,74S
20S
2,25
16,42
45,6
332,8
3,86 Pb=0,19P
28,17 Pb=1,35P
0,05
0,87
1,15S
20S
2,01
35,01
25,13
437,4
2,03 Pb=0,08P
35,32 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
1,4S
2,51
25,13
2,03 Pb=0,09P
tn nhin
liu
0,71
20S
35,91
359,7
29,05 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
0,60
1,66S
20S
3,03
36,50
25,13
302,5
2,03 Pb=0,11P
24,43 Pb=1,35P
0,05
0,83
1,2S
20S
2,02
33,59
16,66
277,0
1,32 Pb=0,08P
21,94 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
1,49S
3,13
16,66
1,32 Pb=0,10P
tn nhin
liu
0,67
20S
42,06
224,1
17,76 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
0,55
1,81S
20S
3,59
39,64
16,66
183,7
1,32 Pb=0,12P
14,55 Pb=1,35P
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
Chy trong khu vc

ngoi
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
Chy trn ng cao

tc
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
tn nhin
liu
Trang 85

Qu trnh
+Cc xe SX t 1972
1977
Chy trong khu vc
th
ng c <1400cc
n v
tnh (U)
0,07
0,84
1,66S
20S
1,64
19,75
33,42
402,4
3,07 Pb=0,11P
36,95 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,07
1,92S
1,87
43,42
3,07 Pb=0,13P
tn nhin
liu
0,73
20S
19,43
347,5
31,90 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,07
0,64
2,2S
20S
2,25
20,42
33,42
303,3
3,07 Pb=0,15P
27,85 Pb=1,35P
0,05
1,06
0,94S
20S
2,01
42,73
16,96
360,3
1,51 Pb=0,08P
32,00 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
1,11S
2,51
16,96
1,51 Pb=0,09P
tn nhin
liu
0,90
20S
45,02
304,4
27,03 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
0,81
1,24S
20S
3,03
48,84
16,96
273,2
1,51 Pb=0,11P
24,26 Pb=1,35P
0,05
1,02
0,98S
20S
2,02
41,10
19,98
406,6
1,19 Pb=0,07P
24,13 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
1,19S
3,13
19,98
1,19 Pb=0,08P
tn nhin
liu
0,84
20S
52,41
335,1
19,89 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
0,75
1,34S
20S
3,59
53,73
19,98
298,7
1,19 Pb=0,09P
17,73 Pb=1,35P
0,07
1,39S
1,50
28,44
2,84 Pb=0,09P
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
Chy trong khu vc

ngoi
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
Chy trn ng cao

tc
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
+Cc xe SX t 1978
1980
Chy trong khu vc
th
ng c <1400cc
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
1000km
Trang 86
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
1,00
20S
21,65
410,0
40,93 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,07
1,68S
1,72
28,44
2,84 Pb=0,11P
tn nhin
liu
0,83
20S
20,47
337,6
33,70 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,07
0,66
2,13S
20S
1,97
18,48
28,44
266,5
2,84 Pb=0,14P
26,61 Pb=1,35P
0,05
1,14
0,88S
20S
1,90
43,04
13,54
307,5
1,371 Pb=0,06P
31,11 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
1,1S
2,18
13,54
1,37 Pb=0,07P
tn nhin
liu
0,91
20S
39,47
245,4
24,83 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
0,74
1,35S
20S
2,48
36,86
13,54
201,1
1,37 Pb=0,09P
20,34 Pb=1,35P
0,05
0,97
1,03S
20S
2,96
57,25
10,47
202,7
1,00 Pb=0,07P
19,45 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
1,23S
3,34
10,47
1,00 Pb=0,08P
tn nhin
liu
0,81
20S
54,21
170,2
16,33 Pb=1,35P
tn nhin
liu
Chy trong khu vc

ngoi
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
Chy trn ng cao

tc
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
Trang 87

Qu trnh
ng c >2000cc
n v
tnh (U)
1000km
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
0,05 1,47S 3,71 10,47
1,00 Pb=0,10P
tn nhin
0,68
20S
50,44 142,3 13,65 Pb=1,35P
liu
+Cc xe SX t 1981
1984
Chy trong khu vc
th
ng c <1400cc
0,07
1,00
1,39S
20S
1,58
22,74
23,40
337,3
2,84 Pb=0,09P
40,93 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,07
1,68S
1,92
23,40
2,84 Pb=0,11P
tn nhin
liu
0,83
20S
22,77
277,8
33,70 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,07
0,66
2,13S
20S
2,57
24,12
23,40
219,3
2,84 Pb=0,14P
26,61 Pb=1,35P
0,05
1,14
0,88S
20S
1,98
45,01
9,26
210,3
1,37 Pb=0,06P
31,11 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
1,68S
2,35
9,26
1,37 Pb=0,07P
tn nhin
liu
0,91
20S
42,61
167,8
24,83 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
0,74
1,35S
20S
3,03
44,98
9,26
137,5
1,37 Pb=0,09P
20,34 Pb=1,35P
0,05
0,97
1,03S
20S
3,26
63,16
6,71
129,8
1,00 Pb=0,07P
19,45 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
1,23S
3,70
6,71
1,00 Pb=0,08P
tn nhin
liu
0,81
20S
60,04
109,0
16,33 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
0,68
1,47S
20S
4,47
60,68
6,71
91,11
1,00 Pb=0,10P
13,65 Pb=1,35P
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
Chy trong khu vc

ngoi
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
Chy trn ng cao

tc
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
+Cc xe SX t 1985
1992
Trang 88

Chy trong khu vc
th
ng c <1400cc
0,07
1,10
1,27S
20S
1,50
23,75
15,73
248,3
2,23 Pb=0,09P
35,25 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,07
1,62S
1,78
15,73
2,23 Pb=0,11P
tn nhin
liu
0,86
20S
22,02
194,7
27,65 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,07
0,76
1,85S
20S
2,51
27,11
15,73
169,7
2,23 Pb=0,13P
24,09 Pb=1,35P
0,05
1,25
0,80S
20S
2,06
51,26
6,99
173,7
1,05 Pb=0,05P
26,11 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
0,97S
2,31
6,99
1,05 Pb=0,07P
tn nhin
liu
1,03
20S
47,62
144,3
26,68 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
0,85
1,17S
20S
3,14
53,81
6,99
119,9
1,05 Pb=0,08P
18,02 Pb=1,35P
0,05
1,04
0,96S
20S
2,85
59,18
3,56
73,9
0,69 Pb=0,07P
14,26 Pb=1,35P
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
Chy trong khu vc

ngoi
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
Chy trn ng cao

tc
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
Trang 89

Qu trnh
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
n v
tnh (U)
1000km
tn nhin
liu
0,93
20S
57,21
65,85
12,71 Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,05
0,74
1,36S
20S
4,09
60,29
3,56
52,50
0,69 Pb=0,09P
10,13 Pb=1,35P
0,07
0,80
1,74S
20S
1,31
15,13
10,24
118,0
1,29
14,83
1000km
0,07
2,05S
1,13
6,46
0,60
tn nhin
liu
0,68
20S
10,97
62,9
5,85
1000km
0,07
0,60
2,35S
20S
1,13
9,56
6,46
54,9
0,60
5,10
0,05
0,91
1,10S
20S
1,74
31,53
5,15
93,4
0,61
11,10
1000km
0,05
1,23S
1,43
2,96
0,28
tn nhin
liu
0,81
20S
23,19
48,18
4,49
1000km
0,05
0,68
1,48S
20S
1,43
19,27
2,96
40,0
0,28
3,73
0,05
0,76
1,32S
20S
2,23
33,80
2,58
39,1
0,40
6,00
1000km
0,05
1,37S
1,83
1,29
0,17
tn nhin
liu
0,73
20S
20,56
18,80
2,41
tn nhin
liu
+Cc loi xe c b
i xc tc 3 phng
php khng c x l
[74]
Chy trong khu vc
th
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
Chy trong khu vc

ngoi
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
Chy trn ng cao

tc
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
0,05 1,08S 3,10
3,56
0,69 Pb=0,07P
Trang 90

ng c >2000cc
1000km
0,05
0,58
1,72S
20S
1,83
21,16
1,29
15,00
0,17
1,92
0,07
0,87
1,61S
20S
0,20
2,46
1,71
21,21
0,24
2,95
1000km
0,07
1,94S
0,25
1,49
0,19
tn nhin
liu
0,72
20S
2,57
15,39
1,93
1000km
0,07
0,63
2,23S
20S
0,25
2,24
1,49
13,41
0,19
1,68
tn nhin
liu
+Cc loi xe c b
i xc tc 3 phng
php c x l [75]
Chy trong khu vc
th
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
[74] -Cc phng php o mc tiu th nhin liu, pht thi chu trnh truyn
ng th c bit v chu trnh truyn ng th Nng v Ngui (lnh)
ca TNO (TNO, 1990), lm mu do A.Economopoulos.
[75] -Cc phng php o mc tiu th nhin liu, pht thi chu trnh truyn
ng th c bit v chu trnh truyn ng th nng/lnh ca TNO
(TNO, 1990), c lm mu do A.Economopoulos.
Trang 91

Qu trnh
Chy trong khu vc
ngoi
ng c <1400cc
n v
tnh (U)
1000km
0,05
0,98
1,02S
20S
0,33
6,52
1,33
25,96
0,19
3,96
1000km
0,05
1,16S
0,34
1,04
0,13
tn nhin
liu
0,86
20S
5,79
17,88
2,19
1000km
0,05
0,71
1,40S
20S
0,34
4,81
1,04
14,87
0,13
1,82
0,05
0,82
1,22S
20S
0,24
3,89
0,90
14,76
0,11
1,76
1000km
0,05
1,30S
0,25
0,54
0,06
tn nhin
liu
0,77
20S
3,91
8,29
0,95
1000km
0,05
0,61
1,63S
20S
0,25
3,12
0,54
6,60
0,06
0,76
1000km
0,4
4,5S
4,5
70
Pb=0,31P
tn nhin
liu
3,5
20S
20
300
30
Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,45
3,7S
7,5
55
5,5
Pb=0,25P
tn nhin
liu
2,4
20S
40
300
30
Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,6
3,3S
7,5
50
3,5
Pb=0,22P
tn nhin
liu
3,6
20S
45
300
20
Pb=1,35P
1000km
0,2
1,16S
0,7
0,15
tn nhin
liu
3,5
20S
12
18
2,6
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
Chy trn ng cao

tc
ng c <1400cc
1000km
tn nhin
liu
ng c 1400
2000cc
ng c >2000cc
tn nhin
liu
-Xe chy ti trng nng

>3,5 tn
Chy trong khu vc
th
Chy trong khu vc
ngoi
Chy trn ng cao
tc
-Xe chy du Diesel trng
ti nh <3,5 tn [76]
Chy trong khu vc
th
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
Trang 92

Chy trong khu vc
ngoi
Chy trn ng cao
tc
+Xe chy du Diesel
trng ti nng 3,5 16
tn.
Chy trong khu vc
th
Chy khu vc
ngoi
1000km
0,15
0,84S
0,55
0,85
0,4
tn nhin
liu
3,5
20S
13
20
9,5
1000km
0,3
1,3S
1,25
0,4
tn nhin
liu
4,7
20S
15
19
6,1
1000 km
0,9
4,29S
11,8
6,0
2,6
tn nhin
liu
1000 km
4,3
20S
55
28
12
0,9
4,15S
14,4
2,9
0,8
tn nhin
liu
4,3
20S
70
14
[76] -Trong trng hp 1 on xe thuc i c, tnh trng xe xung cp v

cht lng nhin liu s dng km, th cc h s pht thi nu cn phi c
nhn ln nh sau:
TSP = 1,6; CO = 1,1; VOC = 10,0; NOx = 0,9;
-Theo Cc thng k Trung tm H Lan, pht thi TSP (khi) t khu vc
th, ngoi v ng cao tc l 1,1; 0,55 v 0,5 kg/1000km ln lt theo th t.
[77] -Theo Cc thng k Trung tm H Lan (1983), cc pht thi TSP (khi) t
qu trnh lu thng xe khu vc th, ngoi v ng cao tc ln lt l 5,4; 2,0
v 1,4 kg/1000km.
Trang 93

Qu trnh
Chy trn ng cao
tc
+Xe ti chy du Diesel
trng ti >16 tn [78]
Chy trong khu vc
th
Chy khu vc
ngoi
Chy trn ng cao
tc
n v
tnh (U)
1000 km
tn nhin
liu
4,3
20S
70
14
1000 km
1,6
7,26S
18,2
7,3
5,8
tn nhin
liu
1000 km
4,3
20S
50
20
16
1,6
7,43S
24,1
3,7
3,0
tn nhin
liu
1000 km
4,3
20S
65
10
1,3
6,1S
19,8
3,1
2,4
tn nhin
liu
4,3
20S
65
10
1,4
6,6S
16,5
6,6
5,3
tn nhin
liu
1000 km
4,3
20S
50
20
16
1,2
5,61S
18,2
2,8
2,2
tn nhin
liu
1000 km
4,3
20S
65
10
0,9
6,11S
13,9
2,1
1,7
tn nhin
liu
4,3
20S
65
10
1000 km
1,24
3,3
1,35
tn nhin
liu
1000 km
21
56
23
1,3
1,76
1,15
29
39
26
+Xe but chy du

Diesel trng ti >16 tn [79]
1000 km
Chy trong khu vc
th
Chy khu vc
ngoi
Chy trn ng cao
tc
+Xe ti bng LPG trng
ti nh <3,5 tn [80]
Khng c b i
xc tc
Chy trong khu vc
th
Chy khu vc
ngoi
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
0,9
4,15S 14,4
2,9
0,8
tn nhin
liu
Trang 94

Chy trn ng
cao tc
Dng b i xc tc
x l 3 phng php.
Chy trong khu vc
th
+Xe mt (xe my)
ng c < 50cc
2th
2th
ng c > 50cc
1000 km
2,75
1,15
1,03
tn nhin
liu
51
21
19
1000 km
0,3
1,9
0,7
tn nhin
liu
4,4
28
10,3
1000 km
0,12
0,36S
0,05
10
tn nhin
liu
1000 km
6,7
20S
2,8
550
330
0,12
0,6S
0,08
22
15
20S
2,7
730
500
tn nhin
liu
v 1,4 kg/1000km.
v 1,0 kg/1000km.
[80] -Cc h s pht thi lit k ch c gi tr i vi cc ng c c
chuyn i ph hp (a vo s dng PLG) v c hiu chnh tt. Nu khng, cc
h s pht thi ln lt tng t nh i vi cc xe chy xng trng ti nh <3,5 tn.
Trang 95

Qu trnh
th
ng c > 50cc 4
n v
tnh (U)
1000 km
tn nhin
liu
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
0,76S 0,30
20
3
20S
525
80
-Bi khng n nh do lu
thng xe c [81]
+ng 0 c lt mt
[81]
ng lu thng trong
nh my
1000km
Nu chy ng
12,5f
1000km
SX st thp
5,9f
1000km
Ch bin ct si
3,5f
1000km
Khai thc, ch bin
10,4f
1000km
ng vo m than
3,8f
1000km
ng ra m than
6,2f
1000km
ng no vt m
12,5f
than
ng nng thn
1000km
Si
3,7f
1000km
mn thi (0
21f
qung)
1000km
vi nghin mn
7,1f
+ lt mt [83]
ng thnh ph [84]
Pb=0,018
1000km
ng a phng
15
(chiu
rng <10m), <500
(xe/ngy).
Pb=0,018
1000km
ng t hp
10
(Collector Streets),
(chiu rng >10m),
500 10000 (xe/ngy).
[81] -Cc h s pht thi cho bit t l cc ht b cun theo vi ng knh
<30 m.
[82] -f=S (W0,7) (w0,5), trong : S l vn tc xe trung bnh (km/h);
W l trng lng xe trungbnh (tn).
w l s bnh xe trung bnh ca mi xe.
-Cc h s pht thi lit k p dng cho 1000km lu thng vo ma kh
(trong nhng ngy c lng ma <0,25mm).
Trang 96

-Cc h s pht thi i vi PM15 v PM10 ln lt l 50% v 36% ca gi tr
h s TSP lit k (PM10 v PM15 ln lt l cc ht c ng knh <10 v 15 m).
-Vic s dng cc sn phm nha du m nh k (hng thng) qua mt
ma kim sot bi (v d 4 thng ma h) em li cc gi tr hiu sut kim sot
in hnh i vi TSP l 60% v i vi PM10 l 70%.
[83] -Cc h s pht thi i vi PM15 v Pm10 ln lt l 40% v 36% ca cc h
s pht thi TSP lit k i vi cc ng t hp v ng a phng; 45% v
41% ca cc h s pht thi TSP lit k i vi ng chnh/ ng cao tc v
60% & 54% i vi ng t do (freeway) v ng tc hnh (Expressway) (PM10
v PM15 l cc ht c ng knh ln lt <10 v 15 m).
[84] -Cc d liu gii hn cho bit hiu qu kim sot l 34% v 37% i
vi cc ht PM10 t qu trnh qut dn bng chn khng v qu trnh qut chn
khng c ci tin (PM10 l cc ht c ng knh ng <10 m).
Qu trnh
n v
tnh (U)
ng chnh/ ng 1000km
cao tc, >10000 (xe/ngy).
Freeways/Express 1000km
way >50000 (xe/ngy).
1000km
ng cng nghip
[85]
712.Vn ti bng ng
thy
-Tu neo u [86], [87]
?
Tu ng c
?
Tu chy bng hi nc
713.V/chuyn bng hng
khng
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOC
Pb=0,018
4,4
Pb=0,018
0,35
120
6,8
7,5
136S
19,5
90,7
22,7
0,036
20,8
4,1
14,9
Trang 97

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nh gi nhanh nhim/ WHO

Major Division 0: Cc hot ng cha c xc nh y

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14,2 (1-e) H2S

2.3.2.0 Khai thc qung

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nh gi nhanh nhim/ WHO

[3] Cc nhn t pht thi p dng vo nhng ni m cc vt cht dng ht c

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nh gi nhanh nhim/ WHO

nh gi nhanh nhim/ WHO

nh gi nhanh nhim/ WHO

T/b lng tnh

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[7] - Cc ngun ln gp phn to ra a s cc kh thi i vi cc thao tc trong

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-Acid sulfuric [11]

Thit b lng tnh

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[10] Dn xut Clo ca cc hp cht hu c nh: Benzen (C6H6), Toluen (C6H5CH3)

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nh gi nhanh nhim/ WHO

nh gi nhanh nhim/ WHO

[16] Cc s pht thi TSP khng n nh quan trng t cc cng on gia

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nh gi nhanh nhim/ WHO

nh gi nhanh nhim/ WHO

nh gi nhanh nhim/ WHO

nh gi nhanh nhim/ WHO

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[20] Ch yu cu i vi s to ht cho v i vi 1 s prilling loi nng

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nh gi nhanh nhim/ WHO

[22] -Nhng cht thi t thit b phn ng, phng hp v thit b to ht c

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[23] Cc thit b lc kh v ngng t c s dng ttrong cc ngn xe ch v

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nh gi nhanh nhim/ WHO

T.b lng tnh

+Kh S trong kh cha

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Mc 36: SX cc sn phm t khong sn phi kim loi ngoi tr cc s/phm ca

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Gas- Unit Melter

-Si thy tinh dt (khng

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