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GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS

MT S NGUYN TC C BN KHI GII BAI TON TRN MY TNH BT


1. Nu trn thi khng c ch thch g thm , kt qu bi ton phi ghi y
tt c cc ch s c trn mn hnh MTBT
2. Tuyt i khng ghi kt qu trung gian ra giy nhp v sau ghi li kt qu
y vo my trong qu trnh tnh ton , iu y lm kt qu cui cng b sai
lch. Gii quyt iu ny bng cch lu kt qu trung gian trong b nh ca
my , v tnh lin tc cho n khi ra kt qu cui cng
3. Nu thi ch yu cu ghi kt qu bi ton , trong qu trnh gii HS c th
vn dng tt c cc kin thc m gio vin trang b , tt nhin trong c c
cc kin thc thuc chng trnh THPT . Nu thi yu cu trnh by li gii
, phn trnh by ch cn vn tt , ngn gn nhng quan trng l : phi dng
kin thc bc THCS gii quyt bi ton .
4. Khi ra yu cu trnh by qui trnh bm phm , HS s dng my tnh loi
no (CASIO FX 500 MS- CASIO FX 570 MS CASIO FX 570 ES
CASIO FX 500 VN PLUS ) phi ghi r qui trnh ny p dng cho dng
my tnh no .
5. Kt qu bi ton khng c ghi di dng a. 10
n
(kt qu l mt s c nhiu
hn 12 ch s )m phi ghi chnh xc s ch s ca kt qu.
1 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
PHN I : NHNG BI TP RN LUYN K NNG TNH TON
Bi 1
A =
2 2
(1986 1992).(1986 3972 3).1987
1983.1985.1988.1989
+

B=
3:(0,2 0,1) (34,06 33,81).4 2 4
26: :
2,5.(0,8 1,2) 6,84:(28,57 25,15) 3 21
1
+ +
1
+
]
D =
1 1
2 3
1 1
3 4
1 6
4 5
5 7
1 3
7 9
1 2
5 7
1 1
3 5
21 3
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
+ +
1 1
+ +
1 1
1 1 + +
] ]
1
1
1
1
+ +
1
+ +
1
1 + +
]
; E =
1 1
1 1
8 2
1 1
7 3
1 1
6 4
1 1
5 5
1 1
4 6
1 1
3 7
2 8
+
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
3 2
1 3 4 6 7 9
21 : 3 . 1
3 4 5 7 8 11
5 2 8 8 11 12
3 . 4 :
6 5 13 9 12 15
1
_ _ _
+ +
1

, , ,
1
]

1 _ _ _
+ +

1
, , , ]
F
Bi 2
Tnh
M
4 3 2 2 3 4
4 4 3 3 2 2
7x y 6x y 5x y 4xy
9x y 7x y 5x y
+

+
khi cho x = 1,432 v y = 0,321
N =
4 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 4
3 3 2 2 4 4
2,3x y z 3,2x y z 5x y z
3,7x y 7,3y z 10x z
+
+
khi cho x = 2, 123 , y =
2
3
v z =
1
1
12

5 3 3 2 2
3 3 2 2 2
3x y 4x y 3x y 7x
P(x, y)
x y x y x y 7
- + -
=
+ + +
vi x = 1,23456 ; y = 3,121235
Bi 3:
Tnh A =
2 2 2 2 2
25(10 x) 42(9 x) 14(8 x) 15(7 x) 4(6 x)
100
+ + + +
khi cho x = 8,69
Tnh B =
3 3 3
3 3 2
17(3 x) 18(4 x) 19(5 x)
9x 5x 7x 1
+ +
+ +
khi cho x = 1,987
Tnh C =
9 8 7 6 5 4 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + +
, D =
7 6 5 4
8 7 6 5
19 17 15 13
11 12 13 14
+ + +
+ + +
Tnh E =
8x 5x 2x x
16x 13x 10x x
+ + +
+ + +
khi cho x = 55,555
2 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
Tnh
F 291945 831910 2631931 322010 1981945 = + + + +
Bi 4
a) Bit sin

= 0,3456 ,tnh A =
3 3 2
3 3 3
cos (1 sin ) tg
(cos sin ).cot g
+ +
+
b) Cho sin3x = 0,978 (x l gc nhn) . Tnh B =
2 3 4
5 3 2
3cos x 7sin x 5tg x
cotg x 3cos 3x sin 2x
+
+
c) Cho tang x = 2,74 Tnh C =
2 2
6 2 2
5sin x 7cos x
tg x 2(cos x sin x)
+
+ +
d) Cho cos x =0,569 Tnh D =
3 4 3
3 5 2 2
tg x sin x 2cos x
:
sin x 3cos x cos x sin x
_ _

+ +
, ,
e) Tnh E vi
' 0 ' 0
30 57 , 30 25
2 2 2 2 2 2
E [(1 tg )(1 cot g ) (1 sin )(1 cos )] (1 sin )(1 cos ) + + +
f) Cho bit cotang3x = 0,1234 . Tnh gi tr biu thc sau :
+ - -
=
+
3 4 2
2 3
sin x cos x 1 sin x
F
tg 2x cotg 2x
g) Bit cos
2

= 0,5678 . Tnh H =
2 3 2 3
3 3 4
sin (1 cos ) cos (1 sin )
(1 tg )(1 cot g ) 1 cos
+ + +
+ + +
h) bit tg

=tg35
0
.tg36
0
tg37
0
tg52
0
.tg53
0
, tnh I =
2 3 2 3
3 3
tg (1 cos ) cot g (1 sin )
(sin cos )(1 sin cos )
+ + +
+ + +
i)
2 o ' o ' o ' 2 o '
2 o ' 2 o '
sin 33 12 sin56 48.sin33 12 sin 56 48
M
2sin 33 12 sin 56 48 1
+ -
=
+ +
Bi 5 : Gii cc phng trnh sau
a)
2x 7x
5
3 5
3 6
4 3
4 4
5 1
5 2
6 2
+
+ +
+ +
+ +
b)
2x 5x
1
1 4
1 4
2 5
2 5
3 6
3 6
4 7

+ +
+ +
+ +
c)
154
1
13547
11
3
4 ).
282
271
(
) 75 , 1
3
2
3 .(
11
5
)
11
6
15
7
1
24 (
3
1
10

+

x
d)
49
45
45
)
30
19
2
42
37
70
59
1 ( :
18
17
1
7 ).
6
1
8 : 14 :
3
1
49 ( 14

+ +
x

e)
x 3
0
1 2
2 2
1 1
2005 6
1 9
2006 3
1 9
2007 1
1 9
2008 9
1 2
2009 3
3
2
1
5
+ =
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+
3 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
Bi 6: Tnh kt qu ng ca cc tch sau :
a) M = 2222255555

2222266666
b) N = 20032003

20042004
c) P = 13032006 13032007
d) Q = 3333355555 3333377777
e) R= 3333344444 3333366666
f) I = 2603193126032010
g) J= 2632655555 2632699999 .
h) 1357987
3
i) 12345678
2
Bi 7 : Tnh
a) A =
2 3
99x 1 1 20 4
:
5x 5 5 5x 1 x x y xy
+ _
+ +

+
,
vi x =
2
15; y
7

b) B =
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 x x y y x y
.
x x xy xy xy y x xy y
_ +


+ + + +
,
Khi x = 3 2 v y = 2,25
c) C =
3 a a 4(a 2) 2 a 5
: 1 (a 0,a 16)
16 a a 4 a 4 a 4
_ _
+ +
+ +


+ +
, ,
khi a =
2007 2008 2009 + +
d) D =
2 x x 1 x 2
: 1
x x 1 x 1 x x 1
_ _
+ +



+ +
, ,
khi x =
2009 2010 2011 + +
e)
2
2
1 1
1 + - x
4 x
E=
1 1 1 1
1 + x x
4 x 2 x
_

,
_ _


, ,
Vi x = 1,15795836.
4 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
PHN II : TNG SAI PHN HU HN
Nguyn tc chung gii bi ton tng sai phn hu hn : nn xt s hng tng qut v tm cch phn tch
chng cho hp l trit tiu hoc n gin . Trong mt s trng hp , ta c th dng chc nng tnh tng

ca dng my CASIO fx 570 ES , tuy nhin thi gian x l ca my kh lu .


Dng 1 :
Cc s hng ca tng c dng phn s , trong mu l cc tch c qui lut v t l hng s
Cch gii chung : Xt s hng tng qut v tm cch phn tch chng hp l trit tiu
Tnh cc tng sau
a)
1 1 1 1 1
.....
1.2 2.3 3.4 998.999 999.1000
+ + + + +
b)
1 1 1 1 1
.....
2.4 4.6 6.8 996.998 998.1000
+ + + + +
c)
1 1 1 1 1
......
3.5 5.7 7.9 997.999 999.1001
+ + + + +
d)
1 1 1 1 1
.............
3.5.7 5.7.9 7.9.11 993.995.997 995.997.999
+ + + + +
e)
1 1 1 1
....
1.2.3.4.5 2.3.4.5.6 3.4.5.6.7 996.997.998.999.1000
+ + + +
Dng 2:
Tng ca cc tch c qui lut
Tnh cc tng sau :
a) 1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 + 4.5 + 5.6 ++999.1000
b) 1.3 + 3.5 + 5.7 + 7.9 +.+ 99.101
c) 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 +..+ 997.998.999
d) 2.4.6 + 4.6.8 + 6.8.10 + .. + 96.98.100
e) 1.4 + 4.7 + 7.10 + + 301 .304
f) 2.4.6.8 + 4.6.8.10 + 6.8.10.12 +.+ 100 . 102 .104 . 106
Phng php:
Bin i s hng tng qut u
k
v dng u
k
= a
k
a
k-1
V d : Tnh tng S = 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 +..+ n(n+1)(n+2)
U
k
= k(k +1)(k+2) cn a
k
=
1
k(k 1)(k 2)(k 3)
4
+ + +

S = u
1
+ u
2
+ + u
n
= (a
1
a
0
) + (a
2
a
1
) + +(a
n
- a
n-1
) = a
n
a
0
=
1
n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)
4
+ + +
Dng 3 :
Tng bnh phng , lp phng cc s t nhin lin tip :
Tnh cc tng sau
a) A = 1
2
+ 2
2
+ 3
2
++ n
2

Cng thc : A =
n(n 1)(2n 1)
6
+ +
b) B = 1
3
+ 2
3
+ 3
3
+ +n
3

Cng thc : B =
2
n(n 1)
2
+ _

,
Trn y l cc dng bi tp kinh in v tng sai phn hu hn thng gp . Thc t khi i thi c rt
nhiu bi tp rt kh i hi phi t duy c chiu su v nhy bn thng qua qu trnh rn luyn
v tip thu cc kin thc c bn v tng hu hn
5 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
Bi 1: Tnh cc tng sau : (bi tp luyn thi vng quc gia nm 2010)
A = 2 + 12 + 36 + 80 + 150 + .. + 1343100
B = 1 + 9 + 25 + . + 4004001
C = 1 + 27 + 125 + . + 1030301
D = 1
2
+ 4
2
+ 7
2
+ + 87025
E = 2
2
+ 5
2
+ 8
2
+ . + 355216
Hng dn
A : Tng ca bnh phng v lp phng cc s t nhin lin tip
B : Tng bnh phng ca cc s t nhin l lin tip tnh bi cng thc
3
4n n
3

C : Tng lp phng ca cc s t nhin l lin tip tnh bi cng thc n


2
(2n
2
1)
D : S hng tng qut dng u
n
= (3 n- 2)
2
, dng cng thc D =
2
n(6n 3n 1)
2

E : S hng tng qut dng u
n
= (3 n- 1)
2
, dng cng thc E =
2
n(6n 3n 1)
2
+
Bi 2 : Tnh tng
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
B= 1 1 ... 1
1 2 2 3 2009 2010
+ + + + + + + + +
y l bi tp thng xuyn c rn luyn trong cc nm va qua thng s cui cng cho n nm
hin ti , mt iu may mn l trong k thi QG ngy 19/3/2010 ca em Nguyn Mnh Cm , bi ny
c cho li v ng ti s .
Hng dn : Tnh
2
1 1
1
k 1 k
_
+

,
Bi 3: Tnh tng ( thi QG ln 10 )
1 1 1 1
A= + ...
1 3 3 5 5 7 2009 2011
+ + +
+ + + +
Bi 4: thi Casio Tnh Lm ng nm 2009
Tnh tng (biu din di dng phn s)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 2 3 2 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 1 3 1 3 1
......
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2009 2009 2009 2009
1 1 1
1 1 1
+ + + + + +
1 1 1
+ + + + + +
] ] ]
Bi 5:Tnh tng ( thi casio Huyn n dng nm hc 2008-2009)
K =
1 1 1
.............
2 1 1 2 3 2 2 3 2009 2008 2008 2009
+ + +
+ + +
Bi 6: Tnh tng
S =
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
............
n 1 n 3n 2 n 5n 6 n 7n 12 n 9n 20 n 19n 90
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + +
vi n = 3
Bi 7: K hiu
n
a n
1

]
l s t nhin gn nht ca
n
. Tnh tng
A=
1 2 3 ...... 2010
1 1 1 1
+ + + +
] ] ] ]
Bi 8: : K hiu [ ] x
l phn nguyn ca x (s nguyn ln nht khng vt qu x) . Tnh tng
B =
1.2.3.4 2.3.4.5 3.4.5.6 ..... 2007.2008.2009.2010
1 1 1 1
+ + + +
] ] ] ]
Bi 9: : Cho tng C
n
= 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 ++ n( n+ 1)(n + 2)
a) Tnh C
2010
b) Chng minh rng 4C
n
+ 1 l mt s chnh phng
6 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
Bi 10 : Cho hm s f(x) =
2
2010
2 x x +
.. Tnh S = f(1) + f(2) + .+ f(2010)
Bi 11 : Cho dy s
1
k k 1
a 19,157
a a 0, 25 (2 k 1000)


'
+

Tnh tng S =
1 2 2 3 999 1000
1 1 1
.......
a a a a a a
+ + +
+ + +
( thi ca Thanh ha)
Bi 13 : Tnh tng
S = 1.3 + 2.4 + 3.5 + 4.6 + .+ 9998.10000
Bi 14: Cho
n 1
n
n 1
3 S
S
1 3.S

vi n
N, n 2
Tnh tng S = S
1
+ S
2
+ S
3
+ ..+ S
2010
+ S
2011
Bi 15: Cho S
n
= 1 -2 +3 4 + 5 6 + .+ (1)
n
.n
Tnh tng S = S
2007
+ S
2008
+ S
2009
+ S
2010

Bi 16 : Cho hnh vung th nht cnh a , ni trung im cc cnh hnh vung th nht ta c hnh vung
h hai , ni trung im hnh vung th hai ta c hnh vung th 3 .tip tc nh th cho n hnh
vung th n
a) Lp cng thc tnh tng T
n
= S
1
+ S
2
+ S
3
+ .+S
n
vi S
n
l din tch hnh vung th n
b) Tnh tng S ca 50 hnh vung u tin vi a =
1
18
2010
Bi 17 : Cho S = 1 +11 +111 + 1111 +.+
n cs 1
1111111111......1
1 4 4 2 4 4 3
a) Tnh tng S theo n
b) Tnh S khi n = 5 , n = 9 , n = 12
Bi 18: Cho f(x) =
2
1
x 3x 2 + +
Tnh S = f(1) + f(2) + .+f(2010)
Bi 19 : Tnh tng 1 + 3 + 9 + 27 + .+ 14348907
Kin thc b sung cho bi 17 v 18 v 19
Hng ng thc a
n
b
n
= (a b)(a
n-1
+ a
n-2
b + a
n-3
b
2
+.. + a
2
b
n -3
+ ab
n-2
+ b
n -1
)
Bi 20: Tnh tng M =
3 5 7 201
....
1.4 4.9 9.16 10000.10201
+ + + +
HD :
2 2
2 2 2 2
2k 1 (k 1) k
k (k 1) k (k 1)
+ +

+ +
Bi 21: Tnh tng
1 4 9 9801
....
1.3 3.5 5.7 197.199
+ + + +
Bi 22 : Tm s t nhin n bit :
a)
1 1 1 1 2999
.....
1.2 2.3 3.4 n(n 1) 3000
+ + + + =
+
b)
1 1 1 1
.....
2.4 4.6 6.8 2n(2n 2)
+ + + +
+
=
502
2009
c)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 .... 1 38,475
2 3 3 4 4 5 (n 1) n
+ + + + + + + + + + + + =
-
Bi 23: Cho U
n+1
= U
n
+ d (nN
*
) tha :
2 5
4 3
U U 29
U U 5

+ =

- =

Tnh tng S = U
1
+U
2
+U
3
+..+ U
100

Bi 24: Cho f(1) = 1 , f(m + n) = f(m) + f(n) +mn (m,n nguyn dng). Tnh f(10) ; f(2010)
HD : f(n) = f(n 1 +1) = f(n -1) + f(1) + n -1 = f(n 1) + n
7 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
PHN III : a thc v cc bi ton v a thc
I KIN THC CN VN DNG TRONG CC BI TON A THC :
nh l Bezout : D trong php chia a thc f(x) cho nh thc x a l f(a)
H qu : Nu f(a) = 0 , a thc f(x) chia ht cho nh thc x a
D trong php chia a thc f(x) cho (ax + b) l f
b
a

-



Nu a thc P(x) = a
n
x
n
+ a
n-1
x
n-1
+.+a
1
x + a
0
( n N) c n nghim x
1
, x
2
x
n
th a thc P(x) phn
tch c thnh nhn t : P(x) = a(x x
1
)(x x
2
) .(x x
n-1
)(x x
n
)
II CC DNG TON V A THC :
Bi 1 : Tm m a thc f(x) = 4x
4
5x
3
+ m
2
x
2
mx 80 chia ht cho x 2
Gii : t g(x) = 4x
4
5x
3
80 ta c f(x) = g(x) +mx
2
mx
f(x) (x 2 ) f(2) = 0 hay g(2) +4m
2
2 x = 0
Ta c g(2) = 56 f(2) = 0 khi 4m
2
2m = 56 4m
2
2x 56 = 0
Gii phng trnh n m , ta c m
1
= 4 v m
2
= 3,5
Ngha l hai a thc f
1
(x) = 4x
4
5x
3
+ 16 x
2
8x 80 v f
2
(x) = 4x
4
5x
3
+ 12,25 x
2
+3,5 x 80 u
chia ht cho x 2
Bi tp tng t :
Cho a thc f(x) = x
5
3x
4
+5 x
3
m
2
x
2
+ mx + 861 . Tm m f(x) (x + 3)
KQ :
1 2
1
m 5 ; m 5
3
= =-
Bi 2 :
Tm a v b sao cho hai a thc
f(x) = 4x
3
3x
2
+ 2x + 2a + 3b v
g(x) = 5x
4
4x
3
+ 3x
2
2x 3a + 2b cng chia ht cho (x 3)
Gii: f(x) , v g(x) cng chia ht cho (x 3) khi v ch khi f(3) = g(3) = 0
t

A(x) = 4x
3
3x
2
+ 2x v B(x) = 5x
4
4x
3
+ 3x
2
2x
Ta c f(x) = A(x) + 2a + 3b
g(x)=B(x) 3a +2b
f(3) = A(3) + 2a + 3b = 87 +2a + 3b f(3) = 0 2a + 3b = 87
g(3) = B(3) 3a + 2b = 3183a +2b g(3) = 0 3a +2b = 318
Ta c h phng trnh :
2a 3b 87
3a 2b 318

+ =-

- + =-

Vo MODE EQN gi chng trnh gii h phng trnh bc nht hai n ta c nghim
( x = 60 ; y = 69) hay a = 60 , b = 69 .
Bi tp tng t :
Tm m v n hai a thc P(x) v Q (x) cng chia ht cho (x +4 )
P(x) = 4x
4
3x
3
+ 2x
2
x +2m 3n
Q(x) = 5x
5
7x
4
+ 9x
3
11x
2
+ 13x 3m + 2n (m = 4128,8 ; n = 2335,2)
Bi 3 : Phn tch a thc sau thnh nhn t : 105x
2
+ 514x 304
Nu khng c s h tr ca MTBT th vic phn tch a thc trn thnh nhn t l 1 bi ton kh
Gii: n MODE MODE 2 U Nhp a = 105 , b = 514 , c = 304
Tm c nghim ca a thc trn :
1 2
8 38
x , x
15 7
= =-
8 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
Vy a thc 105x
2
+ 514x 304 c phn tch thnh
8 38 8 38
105 x x 15.7 x x (15x 8)(7x 38)
15 7 15 7


- + = - + = - +




Bi tp tng t :
Phn tch a thc sau thnh nhn t
a) 65x
2
+ 4122x +61093
b) 299 x
2
2004x + 3337
c) 156x
3
413 x
2
504 x+ 1265
Bi 4 :
Cho a thc x
5
+ ax
4
+ bx
3
+ cx
2
+ dx + e .
Bit f(0) = 1 , f(1) = 2 , f(2) = 3 , f(3) = 2 ; f(4) = 1 . Tnh f(100)
Gii :
R rng nu ta th 0,1,2,3,4, ch xc nh h s t do , vic cn li l gii h phng trnh bc nht 4 n m
my CASIO khng th gii quyt c . Gii bng tay th rt vt v . Bi ton ny c th gii quyt nh sau :
Xt a thc ph k(x) = x
2
4x + 1
Ta c : k(0) = 1 ; k(1) = 2 ; k(2) = 3 ; k(3) = 2 ; k(4) = 1
t g(x) = f(x) k(x)
Ta c : g(0) = f(0) k(0) = 0
g(1) = f(1) k(1) = 0
g(2) = f(2) k(2) = 0
g(3) = f(3) k(3) = 0
g(4) = f(4) k(4) = 0
T suy ra 0,1,2,3,4 l nghim ca g(x)
Mt khc g(x) l a thc bc 5 (Cng bc vi f(x) v k(x) l bc 2 m g(x) = f(x) k(x) ) v c h s
cao nht l l 1
T suy ra g(x) phn tch c thnh nhn t :
g(x) = (x 0)(x 1)(x 2)(x 3)(x 4)
m g(x) = f(x) k(x) f(x) = g(x) + k(x)
Vy f(x) = x .(x 1)(x 2)(x 3)(x 4) +x
2
4x + 1
f(100) = 9034512001
Vn y l lm sao tm c a thc ph k(x) ?
Ta gi s k(x) = ax
2
+ bx + c v cho gn cho k(x) nhn cc gi tr k(1) = 1 k(2) = 3 , k(3) = 2
(nhn 3 trong 5 gi tr ca f(x) cho)
ta c h phng trnh :
a b c 2
4a 2b c 3
9a 3b c 2

+ + =-

+ + =-

+ + =-


nhp cc h s vo my tm c nghim a = 1 , b = 4 , c = 1
k(x) = x
2
4x + 1 . Th tip thy k(0) = 1 v k(4) = 1
Vy k(x) = x
2
4x + 1 l a thc ph cn tm . Tt nhin khi th k(0) 1 hoc k(4) 1 th buc phi
tm cch gii khc .
Bi tp tng t :
a) Cho a thc P(x) = x
5
+ax
4
+bx
3
+cx
2
+dx + e . Bit P(1) = 1 ; P(2) = 4 ; P(3) = 9 ; P(4) = 16 ;
P(5) = 25 . Tnh cc gi tr ca P(6) ; P(7) , P(8) , P(9)
b) Cho a thc Q(x) = x
4
+ mx
3
+ nx
2
+ px + q v bit Q(1) = 5 , Q(2) = 7 , Q(3) = 9 Q(4) =11
Tnh cc gi tr Q(10) , Q(11) Q(12) , Q(13)
c) Cho a thc f(x) = x
5
+ ax
4
+ bx
3
+ cx
2
+ dx + e
Bit f(1) = 1 ; f(2) = 1 ; f(3) = 1 ; f(4) = 5 ; f(5) = 11 . Hy tnh f(15) f(16) f(18,25)
d) Cho a thc f(x) = 2x
5
+ax
4
+bx
3
+cx
2
+dx + e . Bit f(1) = 1 f(2) = 3 f(3) = 7 f(4) 13 f(5) = 21
Tnh f(34,567)
Bi 5:
9 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
Cho P(x) = x
5
+ ax
4
+ bx
3
+ cx
2
+ dx + 132005
Bit P(1) = 8 , P(2) = 11 , P(3) = 14 , P(4) = 17 Tnh P(15)
Gii :
Xt a thc ph Q(x) = 3x + 5
Ta c Q(1) = 8 ; Q(2) = 11 ; Q(3) = 14 ; Q(4) = 17
t k(x) = P(x) Q(x)
Ta c k(1) = k(2) = k(3) = k(4) = 0 hay k(x) c 4 nghim l 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 .
Li bnh :
Ti y , lm nh bi 5 th trt lt bi v k(x) phi l a thc bc 5 m ta mi ch tm c c 4
nghim !!. Bi ton ny qu hay !
a thc k(x) phi c h s cao nht l h s cao nht ca f(x) nn k(x) c phn tch thnh nhn t
nh sau k(x) = (x + J) (x 1)(x 2) (x 3) (x 4) . Vn cn li l tm s J nh th no ?
Tip tc :
V k(x) = P(x) Q(x) P(x) = k(x) + Q(x)
Hay P(x) = (x + J) (x 1)(x 2) (x 3) (x 4) + 3x + 5
H s t do ca P(x) l J.(1)(2).(3).(4) + 5 = 132005 hay 24J = 132000
J = 132000:24 = 5500
Vy P(x) = (x + 5500)(x 1) (x 2) (x 3) (x 4) + 3x + 5
P(15) = 132492410
Bi tp tng t :
Cho a thc f(x) = 2x
5
+ ax
4
+ bx
3
+ cx
2
+ dx + 115197
Bit f(1) = 1 , f(2) = 1, f(3) = 3 , f(4) = 5 . Tnh f(12) (KQ : 38206101)
Bi 6:
Cho f(2x 3) = x
3
+ 3x
2
4x + 5
a) Xc nh f(x)
b) Tnh f(2,33)
Gii:
a) t t = 2x 3
t 3
x
2
+
=

f(t) =
3 2
t 3 t 3 t 3
3 4 5
3 3 3

+ + +

+ - +




f(x)
3 2
x 3 x 3 x 3
3 4 5
2 2 2

+ + +

= + - +




b)f(2,33)
Qui trnh n phm :
3 2
( 2.33 3) 2shift STO A alpha A x 3alpha A x 4alpha A 5 + + - + = KQ : 34,57410463
Bi 7
Cho a thc P(x) =
9 7 5 3
1 1 13 82 32
x x x x x
630 21 30 63 35
- + - +
a) Tnh f(4) , f(3) , f(2) , f(1) ,f(0) , f(1) , f(2) ,f(3) , f(4)
b) Chng minh rng vi mi x Z th P(x) nhn gi tr nguyn .
Gii :
a) Cu a tht ra l gi gii cu b .
D dng tnh c f(4) = f(3) = f(2) = f(1) = f(0) = f(1) = f(2) = f(3) = f(4) = 0
b) Suy ra 4 ,3 , 2 ,1 , 0 , 1 , 2, 3 , 4 l 9 nghim ca ca P(x)
P(x) c phn tch thnh nhn t nh sau :
P(x) =
1
630
(x 4)(x 3) (x 2 (x 1)x (x + 1) (x + 2) (x +3)(x + 4 )
Vi x Z th (x 4)(x 3) (x 2 (x 1)x (x + 1) (x + 2) (x +3)(x + 4 ) l 9 s nguyn lin tip
10 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
Tong c t nhn 1 s chia ht cho 2 , 1 s chia ht cho 5 1 s chia ht cho 7 v 1 s chia ht cho 9
t A = (x 4)(x 3) (x 2 (x 1)x (x + 1) (x + 2) (x +3)(x + 4 )
V CLN(2,5) = 1 A 10
CLN(7,9) = 1 A 63
CLN(10 ,63) = 1 A 630

1
A
630
l mt s nguyn hay P(x) lun nhn gi tr nguyn vi mi x Z
(Chuyn v a thc trong phn trn c ti vit vo nm 2006 trong thi gian qua b sung rt nhiu
dng bi tp v a thc rt hay v kh cao hn rt nhiu c update trong phn tip theo )
Bi tp v a thc cn c phn lin quan : Phn trnh nghim nguyn Bi vit v phng trnh nghim
nguyn do thy Phm Vn Qung (Cu gio vin THPT Lc Nghip c hc sinh t gii Casio quc
gia cp THPT ) trnh by nh sau :
Phng trnh nghiem nguyen
I . NGHIM NGUYN CA A THC
Cho a thc f(x) = a
n
x
n
+ a
n-1
x
n-1
+.+a
1
x + a
0
(n N)
Gi tr x
0
l nghim ca a thc f(x) f(x
0
) = 0
Nhn xt :
a) (1)
n
a
n
+ (1)
n-1
a
n-1
+ .+ (1)a
1
+ a
0
= 0 th phng trnh f(x) = 0 c nghim nguyn x = 1
b) a
n
+ a
n-1
+..+a
1
+ a
0
= 0 th phng trnh f(x) = 0 c nghim nguyn l x = 1
nh l 1: a thc f(x) c nghim nguyn l x
0
th x
0
l c s ca h s t do a
0

nh l 2 : Nu f(1) 0 v f(1) 0 v x
0
l nghim nguyn ca phng trnh f(x) = 0 th
0 0
f(1) f( 1)
va
1 x 1 x

+
l nhng s nguyn
Hai nh l trn l iu kin cn x
0
l nghim nguyn ca phng trnh f(x) = 0
T ta c cc bc tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh f(x) = 0 nh sau
Trng hp 1 : Nu f(1) 0 v f(1) 0
Bc 1 : Tm cc c s khc t 1 (x
1
; x
2
; x
3
.) ca h s t do a
0

Bc 2 : Kim tra cc x
i
no tha
i i
f(1) f( 1)
va
1 x 1 x

+
l nhng s nguyn chn
Bc 3 : Tnh cc f(x
i
) va chn khng nh nghim , nu khng c gi tr x
i
no tha f(x
i
) = 0
th phng trnh v nghim (nguyn)
Trng hp 2:
Nu f(1) = 0 (hoc f(1) = 0 ) th phn tch f(x) = (x 1).g(x) [f(x) = (x + 1) . h(x)] v quay v
trng hp 1 tm nghim nguyn ca gx) [ hay h(x) ]
Li bnh
Bi ton tm nghim nguyn l mt bi ton p ca i s thng ng dng trong vic phn tch a
thc thnh nhn t .
II BI TP MINH HA
V d 1: Tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh 2x
4
+ 3x
3
24x
2
13x + 12 = 0
Gii :
t f(x) = 2x
4
+ 3x
3
24x
2
13x + 12
Ta c : f(1) = 0 x = 1 l nghim ca phng trnh f(x) = 0
Dng lc Horner chia a thc f(x) cho x +1
2 3 24 13 12
1 2 1 25 12 0
f(x) = (x + 1)(2x
3
+ x
2
25x + 12) . t g(x) = 2x
3
+ x
2
25x + 12
Ta c g(1) 0 v g(1) 0 , cc c s khc t 1 ca 12 l x
i
= t 2 ; t 3 ; t 4 ; t 6 ; t 12
11 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
Ch c x
i
= 2 , 3 4 tha mn iu kin
i i
g(1) g( 1)
va
1 x 1 x

+
nguyn . Dng my tnh kim tra ta c
g(3) = 0 v g(4) = 0 . Vy phng trnh f(x) = 0 c 3 nghim nguyn l 1 ; 3 ; 4
V d 2 :
Phn tch a thc f(x) = x
5
2x
4
9x
3
+ 8x
2
22x + 24 thnh nhn t bng cch tm nghim
nguyn
Gii
Nhn thy f(1) = 0 x = 1 l mt nghim nguyn ca phong trnh f(x) = 0 .
Dng s Horner chia a thc f(x) cho x 1
1 2 9 8 22 24
1 1 1 10 2 24 0
f(x) = (x 1)(x
4
x
3
10x
2
2x 24 ) . t h(x) = x
4
x
3
10x
2
2x 24
Ta c h(1) = 36 v h(1) = 30
Cc c s khc t 1 ca 24 l t 2 ; t 3 , t 4 , t 6 , t 8 , t 12 ; t 24
Cc x
i
tha
i i
h(1) h( 1)
va
1 x 1 x

+
l 2 , 2 , 3 , 4
Dng my kim tra ch c x = 3 v x = 4 l tha h(3) = 0 v h(4) = 0
Dng s Horner chia h(x) cho x + 3
1 1 10 2 24
3 1 4 2 8 0
h(x) = (x + 3) (x
3
4x
2
+2x 8 )
Tip tc chia x
3
4x
2
+2x 8 cho x 4
1 4 2 8
4 1 0 2 0
x
3
4x
2
+2x 8 = (x 4) (x
2
+ 2)
a thc x
2
+ 2 khng phn tch c thnh nhn t
Vy f(x) = x
5
2x
4
9x
3
+ 8x
2
22x + 24 = (x1)(x + 3)(x 4)(x
2
+ 2)
Bi tp :
Tm nghim nguyn ca cc phng trnh sau :
a) 2x
3
12x
2
+ 22x 12 = 0
b) x
5
10x
3
20x
2
15x 4 = 0
c) x
7
3x
6
+ 5x
5
7x
4
+ 7x
3
5x
2
+ 3x 1 = 0
12 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
CC BI TP V A THC B SUNG TRONG THI GIAN GN Y
(Trch t cc thi cc cp v mt s bi tp do tc gi son tho v bin tp)
Bi 1: a) Cho tam thc f(x) = ax
2
+ bx + c , tm cc h s ca f(x) bit f(0) = 6 ; f(5) = 141 ; f(3) = 93
b) Cho tam thc g(x) = ax
2
+ bx + c , tm cc h s ca g(x) bit g(3) = 59,9 ; g(2) = 32,6 ;
g(4)= 75,4
Bi 2: a) Cho a thc P(x) = 2x
4
+mx
3
+ nx + p Tnh P(2,5) bit P(0) = 17 , P(2) = 37 , P(5) = 1708
b) Cho a thc Q(x) = 5x
4
+ ax
3
+ bx
2
+cx + d bit P(0) = 3 ; P(2) = 67 ; P(2) = 155 ; P(3) = 345
Tnh Q(3,14)
Bi 3: a) Cho a thc f(x) = x
5
+ ax
4
+ bx
3
+ cx
2
+ dx + e
Bit f(1) = 1 ; f(2) = 1 ; f(3) = 1 ; f(4) = 5 ; f(5) = 11 . Hy tnh f(15) , f(16) f( 18,25)
b) Cho a thc P(x) = x
5
+ax
4
+bx
3
+cx
2
+dx + e . Bit P(1) = 1 ; P(2) = 4 ; P(3) = 9 ; P(4) = 16 ;
P(5) = 25 . Tnh cc gi tr ca P(6) ; P(7) , P(8) , P(9)
c) Cho a thc Q(x) = x
4
+ mx
3
+ nx
2
+ px + q v bit Q(1) = 5 , Q(2) = 7 , Q(3) = 9 Q(4) =11
Tnh cc gi tr Q(10) , Q(11) Q(12) , Q(13)
d) Cho a thc f(x) = 2x
5
+ax
4
+bx
3
+cx
2
+dx + e . Bit f(1) = 1 f(2) = 3 f(3) = 7 f(4) 13 f(5) = 21
Tnh f(34,567)
e)Cho a thc x
2
+ ax
4
+ bx
3
+ cx
2
+ dx + e
Bit f(1) = 0 , f(2) = 0 , f(3) = 2 , f(4) = 6 , f(5) = 12 . Tnh f(15)
f) Cho a thc f(x) = x
5
+ x
4
+ ax
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d . Bit f(1) =1 , f(2) = 32 , f(3) = 243 , f(4) = 1024 .
Tm f(x) ,tnh f(10) , f(15) , f(20)
Bi 4 : Tm m v n hai a thc P(x) v Q (x) cng chia ht cho (x 3)
P(x) = 4x
4
3x
3
+ 2x
2
x +2m 3n
Q(x) = 5x
5
7x
4
+ 9x
3
11x
2
+ 13x 3m + 2n
Bi 5 : Cho a thcv P(x) = x
4
+ ax
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d c P(1) = 7 , P(2) = 28 ; P(3) = 63 .
Tnh P=
P(100) P( 96)
8
+
Bi 6: Cho a thc f(x) = x
5
+ ax
4
+ bx
3
+ cx
2
+ dx + e Bit f(1) = 2 ; f(2) = 16 ; f(3) = 54 ; f(4) = 128
Tnh gi tr biu thc M =
f (50) f ( 45)
665
- -
Bi 7: Cho a thc P(x) = x
3
+ ax
2
+ bx -1
a) xc nh gi tr hu t a v b x =
7 5
7 5

+
l nghim ca a thc
b) Vi a , b tm c , tm cc nghim cn li ca a thc
Bi 8: Cho P(x) xc nh vi mi gi tr nguyn ca x v P(x
2
+1) = x
4
+ 5x
2
+ 3
a) Tm P(x)
b) Tnh P(2008) , P(2009) , P(2010)
Bi 9: Phn tch a thc sau thnh nhn t :
a) x
5
+ 2x
4
2x
3
7x
2
8x 4
b) 2x
5
+ 11x
4
104x
3
299x
2
+ 1614x 720
c) x
4
+5x
3
19x
2
125x -150
Bi 10: Khai trin a thc f(x) = (1 + 2x +3x
2
)
15 ta c
a thc a
0
+ a
1
x + a
2
x
2
+..+a
30
x
30

Tnh chnh xc gi tr biu thc E = a
0
-2a
1
+ 4a
2
8a
3
+.536870912 a
29
+ 1073741824a
30

Bi 11: Cho a thc
7 5 3
1 1 7 6
f (x) x x x x
210 15 30 35
+ . Chng minh f(x) nhn gi tr nguyn vi mi x
Z
Bi 12: Cho a thc P(x) = x
6
+ ax
5
+ bx
4
+ cx
3
+ dx
2
+ ex + f c gi tr l 3 ; 0 ; 3 ; 12 ; 27 ; 48 khi x nhn
cc gi tr 1 ;2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ;6 . Xc nh cc h s ca a thc v tnh P(x) khi x nhn cc gi tr t 11
13 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
n 20
Bi 13 : Cho a thc P(x)=ax3 +bx2 +cx+d bit P(1)=27;P(2)=125;P(3)=343 v P(4)=735.
a) Tnh P(-1);P(6);P(15);P(2006). ( Ly kt qu chnh xc)
b) Tm s d ca php chia P(x) cho 3x 5.
Bi 14: Cho a thc g(x)=8x
3
-18x
2
+x+6
a) Tm cc nghim ca a thc g(x)
b) Tm cc h s a, b, c ca a thc bc ba ca f(x)=x
3
+ax
2
+bx+c, bit rng khi chia a thc
g(x) cho a thc f(x) th c a thc d l r(x)=8x
2
+4x+5
c) Tnh chnh xc f(2010)
Bi 15 : Cho a thc f(x) = ax
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d
Bit f(1) = 27 , f(2) = 125 , f(3) = 343 , f(4) = 735
a) Xc nh cc h s a, b , c , d
b) Tnh f(1) ; f(6) ; f(15) v f(2010)
c) Tm s d trong php chia a thc f(x) cho 3x 5 ; 5x + 2 ; 7x 1
Bi 16: Cho hai a thc f(x) = x
3
+ ax
2
+ bx 5 v g(x) = x
2
+ 2ax b
Tm a v b bit f(3) = g(2) v f(2) = g(3)
Bi 17 : Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t
a) 2x
5
+ 11x
4
104x
3
299x
2
+ 1614x 720
b) 24x
4
+ 74x
3
+ 35 x
2
73x 60
14 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
PHN IV : H THC I XNG
I . CC PHP BIN I :
1- Th no l h thc i xng ?
Biu thc A = F(x,y) c gi l h thc i xng nu F(x,y) = F(y,x) . C ngha l nu ta thay i vi tr
ca x v y th gi tr ca biu thc khng i .
VD : Cc biu thc A = x
2
+ y
2
4xy , B = x
3
+ y
3
l cc h thc i xng
2- Mt s php bin i :
Cc php bin i trong vic tnh ton gi tr cc h thc i xng da trn c s l cc hng ng thc ng
nh .
Nu t S = x
1
+ x
2
, P = x
1
x
2
, x
1
v x
2
l nghim ca phng trnh bc hai t
2
St + P = 0 (Nu cn tm x
1
v x
2
)
(iu kin : S
2
4P 0)
Ta c mt s php bin i thng dng nh sau :
a)
1 2
1 2 1 2
x x 1 1 S
x x x x P
+
+ = =

b) ( )
2
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
x x x x 2x x S 2P + = + - = -
c) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 2 1 2 1 2
x x x x 4x x S 4P - = + - = - x
1
x
2
=
2
S 4P -
d)
2 2 2
1 2 1 2
2 1 1 2
x x x x S 2P
x x x x P
+ -
+ = =

e) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
x x x x x x S S 4P - = + - = -
f). ( ) ( )
3 3 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2
x x x x x x x x S(S 3P) + = + - + = -
g)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
6 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
x x x x x x 2x x S S 3P 2P

+ = + = + - = - -


Ngoi ra cn mt s php bin i khc suy ra t cc php i trn ,VD php bin i (g) c suy ra t (b)
v (f )
B BI TP
Bi 1 :
Cho x
1
+ x
2
= 5,221 x
1
.x
2
= 3,52 . Hy tnh chnh xc n 0,0001
a)
3 3
1 2
x x + b)
6 6
1 2
x x +
Gii : (trn my Casio fx 570 MS)
Ci t chng trnh tnh ton vi 4 ch s thp phn : MODE MODE MODE MODE Fix 1 4
5,221 SHIFT STO A
( )
3,52 SHIFT STO B
a) Tnh
3 3
1 2
x x + ,n tip ALPHA A
( ALPHA
2
x 3 ALPHA B

SHIFT STO C
Kt qu : 197,4522
b) Tnh
6 6
1 2
x x + : n tip ALPHA C
2
x 2 ALPHA B
3
x Kt qu : 39074,5874
Bi 2 :
Cho a + b = 5,809 v ab = 8,136364 .(a > b) Hy tnh
a)
1 1
a b
+ ;
2 2
1 1
a b
+
;
3 3
1 1
a b
+
b) a
2
+ b
2
;(a b)
2
; a
2
b
2
; a
3
+ b
3
; a
3
b
3
; a
4
+ b
4
;a
5
+ b
5
, a
5
b
5
a
6
+ b
6
, a
8
+ b
8

HD : a
5
+ b
5
= (a + b)(a
4
a
3
b + a
2
b
2
ab
3
+ b
4
) c) A = 3a +5a
4
3b + 4a
3
+ b
3
4b
4
d) B =
2 2
2 2
3a 5ab 3b
4ab 4a b
+ +
+
e) C =
10 10
a b +

15 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
PHN V : PHNG TRNH - H PHNG TRNH bt phng trnh
My tnh Casio fx 500 MS 570 MS 500ES 570 ESc chc nng gii phng trnh bc hai , bc ba , h
phng trnh bc nht hai n v h phng trnh bc nht 3 n .
My tnh VinaCal 570 MS cn c chc nng gii h phng trnh bc nht 4 n 4 phng trnh .
My Casio 500 VN PLUS cn c chc nng gii bt phng trnh bc 2 bc 3
- Cc dng my 570 cn c th dung lnh Solve tm mt nghim gn ng ca phng trnh bc cao .
Tuy nhin c nhiu bi ton v gii phng trnh v h phng trnh , hc sinh cn nm vng phng php
bin i , t n ph .
Bi tp :
Bi 1: a)Gii phng trnh
a b 1 x 1 a b 1 x + - = + - -
theo a v b
b) cho a = 250204 v b = 260204
Bi 2: Cho
0
x 1003 2005 1003 2005 = + - -
l nghim ca pt x
3
+ ax
2
+bx + 8 = 0 (a,b

Z)
Tm a , b v cc nghim cn li
Bi 3: Gii phng trnh (x
2
+ 2x ) +6x
2
+ 12x = 2009
Bi 3: Tm cc nghim ca pt x
4
+ 10x
3
+ 21x
2
= 20x + 25
Bi 4: Tm nghim khng nguyn ca pt sau (chnh xc n 0,001)
2
2
x x 5 3x
4 0
x x x 5
+ -
+ + =
+ -
Bi 5: Gii phng trnh
130307 140307 1 x 1 130307 140307 1 x + + = + - +
Bi 6: Gii pt
x 178408256 26614 x 1332007 x 178381643 26612 x 1332007 1 + - + + + - + =
Bi 7: Tm nghim nguyn dng (x,y) ca pt x
4
x
2
y + y
2
= 81001
Bi 8: Gii h pt
2 2
x
3, (70731)
y
x y 192807

- =

Bi 9: Gii h pt
3 3
2 2
x y 14, 81328
x xy y 4,1148

+ =

- + =

Bi 10: Gii h pt
x 2y x y 5
x y x 2y 2
3x 5y 11

+ -

+ =

- +

+ =

Bi 11 : Gii h pt
2 2
2 2
170 30
2
x 2y x 2y
34 15 3
x 2y x 2y 10

+ =

+ -

- =

+ -

Bi 12 : Gii h pt
2 2
2
(x x 1)(y y 1) 1
y 35
y 0
12
x 1

+ + + + =

+ + =

Gii cc phng trnh phn nguyn (Cn dng ti my Casio 500 VN Plus gii quyt cc bt
phng trnh )
Khi nim : K hiu [ ] x
c gi l phn nguyn ca x
+ [ ] [ ] x x x 1 < +
+ [ ] x 1 x x - <
16 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
Bi 13 : Gii phng trnh x
2
2010 [ ] x
+ 2009 =0
Bi 14 : Gii phng trnh x
2
2011 [ ] x
+ 2010=0
Bi 15: Gii phng trnh x
2
2010 [ ] x
2011 =0
Bi 16: Gii phng trnh x
2
2011 [ ] x
2012 =0
Gii bi 13 : Gii phng trnh x
2
2010 [ ] x
+ 2009 =0 (*)
Theo n phn nguyn [ ] [ ] x x x 1 < +
NX : x
2
+ 2009 = 2010[ x ] phn nguyn ca x dng x > 0 (**)
Vi x > 0 ta c [ x ] x
2
< ([ x ] + 1)
2

T pt (*)
2
2
[x] 2010[x] 2009 0
([x 1] 2010[x] 2009 0

- +

+ - + >


2
2
[x] 2010[x] 2009 0
([x] 2008[x] 2010 0

- +

- + >


1 [x] 2009
[x] 1 V [x]>2006

[ x] {1 ; 2007 ; 2008 ; 2009 }


T pt (*) kt hp vi (**) x = 2010[x] 2009 -
[x] = 1 x = 1 (nhn)
[x] = 2007 x = 2007,999253 (nhn)
[ x] = 2008 x = 2008,499 689 (nhn)
[x] = 2009 x = 2009 (nhn ) . Vy pt c 4 nghim
Gii bi 15: Gii phng trnh x
2
2010 [ ] x
2011 =0 (*)
L thuyt phn nguyn : x 1 < [ x] x
T pt(*) x
2
2010 x 2011 x
2
2010
[ ] x
2011 < x
2
2010(x 1) 2011 (**)
Do x
2
2010 [ ] x
2011 =0 nn
(**)
2
4 2
1 x 2011 x 2010 2011 0
x 4, 97512.10 V x 2010, 000498 x 2010x 1 0
-

- - -



<- > - - >

[x] { 1 ; 2011 ; 2010}
(*) x = 2010[x] 2011 +
[x ] = 1 x = 1 (nhn)
[ x ] = 2010 x = 2010,500187 (nhn)
[x ] = 2011 x = 2011 (nhn) . Vy pt c 3 nghim
Bi 17: Tm cc s t nhin x sao cho tch cc ch s ca n bng x
2
2005 + 11680
( d b QG nm 2005)
Bi 18: Cho a v b l hai s t nhin . Khi chia a
2
+ b
2
cho a + b c thng l q v d l r
Tm cc cp s (a , b) sao cho q
2
+ r = 2005 ( d b QG nm 2005)
Hai bi 17 v 18 l hai bi s hc , nhng gii n cn ti chc nng gii bt phng trnh bc 2 ca my
tnh Casio 500VN Plus nn c a vo phn Phng trinh Bt phng trnh
17 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
PHN V : S HC
I PHP CHIA HT PHP CHIA C D
K thut tm s d trong php chia hai s t nhin bng my tnh CASIO fx 500MS
a) Trng hp s chia c t 10 ch s tr li
Nguyn tc : S d ca A chia B bng A B .[phn nguyn ca A:B]
VD : Tm s d ca 987654321 : 12345
Ghi vo mn hnh 987654321 12345 v n = (Kt qu : 80004,40024)
a con tr ln mn hnh biu thc s du thnh du - v nhp tip 80004 S d 4941
(Mn hnh biu thc hin th : 987654321 - 12345 80004 )
b) Trng hp s chia c nhiu hn 10 ch s
Bc 1 : Ct thnh nhm u c 9 ch s (k t bn tri ) v tm s d nh phn (a)
Bc 2: Vit tip sau s d phn cn li (ti a 9 ch s) ri tm s d ln 2 (nu cn na th tnh lin tip
nh trn)
VD : Tm s d trong php chia 98765432188766 : 12345
Bc 1: tm s d ca 987654321 : 12345 ( c d l 4941 )
Bc 2: Tm s d ca 494188766: 12345 (lm nh phn a) c s d l 6071
Kt lun : D trong php chia 98765432188766 : 12345 l 6071
II TM CLN , BCNN CA HAI HAY NHIU S
1) Thut gii :
Do my c ci sn chng trnh rt gn phn s nn ta c thut ton tm CLN , BCNN ca hai s A , B
nh sau :
A a
B b
= (ti gin) CLN (A , B) = A : a v BCNN(A,B) = A .b
2) Bi tp:
Bi 1: Tm CLN v BCNN ca hai s 1545489742 v 3828909209
Nhp : 1545489742 b/ c
a
3828909209 Kt qu :
2042
5059
CLN(1545489742 ; 3828909209) = 1545489742 : 2042 = 756851
BCNN(1545489742 ; 3828909209) = 1545489742 . 5059 Vi php tnh ny s xy ra s c trn mn hnh
.
Ta lm nh sau :
Nhp 1545489742 5059 Kq : 7,818632605 . 10
12
(Kt qu ny cho bit 9 s u v kt qu c 13
ch s)
Ghi kt qu 781863260 (v s 5 cha chc chnh xc) .
a con tr ln mn hnh biu thc xa s 15 (Hin th : 45489742 5059 ) kq: 2,301325048 . 10
11
(Mc tiu l tm chnh xc ca nhng ch s cui )
Ghi tip kt qu 7818632604 (v s 8 cha chc chnh xc)
Xa tip s 4 u tin trn mn hnh biu thc (Hin th : 5489742 5059 ) kq : 2,777260478. 10
10
Ghi tip kt qu 78186326047 (v s 8 cha chc chnh xc)
Xa tip s 5 u tin trn mn hnh biu thc (Hin th : 489742 5059 ) kq 2477604778
Ghi tip kt qu 7818632604778
Vy BCNN(1545489742 ; 3828909209) = 7818632604778
Trong trng khi nhp phn s
A
B
m kt qu khng l mt phn s ti gin do t v mu ca phn s rt
gn c nhiu ch s , kt qu trn mn hnh l s thp phn . tm CLN ta dng thut ton Euclid
III . THUT TON EUCLIDE TIM CLN CA HAI S
Thut ton Euclide v tim CLN cua hai s t nhin a v b ( a > b)
Ta c a = b.q + r
18 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
CLN(a , b) = CLN (b , r)
Tip tc : b = r.q
1
+ r
1
(0 r
1
< r)
CLN (b , r) = CLN (r , r
1
)
Qui trnh tip tc cho khi tm c d cui cng bng 0 s ny l c ca s kia
Lc ny CLN ca a v b chnh l s chia cui cng
VD : Tm CLN(135,105) bng thut ton Euclide
n : 105 SHIFT STO A 135: ALPHA A 1
ALPHA A SHIFT STO B ALPHA A :
ALPHA B 3
ALPHA B SHIFT STO C ALPHA B : ALPHA C (2) .D cui cng
bng 0 , s chia cui cng nh trong C l 15 CLN (105,135)=15
Trong thc t , sau khi tm c s d r , thay v my mc thc hin thut ton Euclid nh VD trn , ta nn
quay v cch tm CLN (b ; r) theo cch mc I .
Bi tp :
Bi 1 : Tm CLN v BCNN ca hai s a v b
a) a = 345621440 ; b = 234540
b) a = 192919385 v b = 204995305 .
c) a = 480480090 ; b = 256256048
d) a = 2029745404 ; b = 314873978
Bi 2 : Tm CLN (a ,b ,c) vi a = 5 621 630 802 , b = 200 350 214 v c = 757 481 361
IV NG D THC
1 . nh ngha
Cho s nguyn p > 0 . Nu hai s nguyn a v b cho cng mt s d khi chia cho p th ta ni a ng d vi b
theo mun p . K hiu a b (mod p)
VD :
201 chia 2 d 1; 191 chia 2 d 1 201 191 (mod 2)
2005 chia 1967 d 14 ; 14 chia 1967 thng l 0 v d 14 2005 14 (mod 1967 ) (Rt quan trng
gii ton)
987654321 4941 (mod 12345)
2 Tnh cht :
Tnh cht 1
(mod p)
(mod p)
b (mod p)

a m
a b m n
n

Tnh cht 2 : a b (mod p) a
n
b
n
(mod p)
Tnh cht 3: a b (modp) na nb (mod p)
Hin nhin a b (mod p), bc(mod p) a c (mod p)
Ngoi ra cn mt s tnh cht khc nhng cha cn s dng trong lot bi tp ny
Bi tp :
Bi 1 : Tm s d ca php chia 2004
376
cho 1975
Bi 2 : Tm ch s hng chc ca s 23
2005

Bi 3 : Tm hai ch s cui cng ca tng A = 2
2001
+ 2
2002
+ 2
2003

Gii :
Bi ton ny c a v bi ton tm s d trong php chia A cho 100 . Phi thc hin gii thut
sau :
A = 2
2001
(1 + 2 + 2
2
) = 7.2
2001
2
2001
= 2
2000
.2 = [(2
25
)
4
]
20
.2
2
25
32 (mod 100)
(Ch gii :2
25
= 33554432 , khi chia cho 100 d l 32- Tt nhin 32 chia 100 cng d
32)
(2
25
)
4
32
4
76 (mod 100) hay 2
100
76 (mod 100) (p dng tnh cht 1)
19 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
(2
100
)
4
76
4
76 (mod 100)
(Ch gii : 76
4
= 33362176 nn 76
4
76 (mod 100) )
Hay 2
400
76 (mod 100)
(2
400
)
5
76
5
76 (mod 100) (Ch gii : 75
5
= 2535525376)
Hay 2
2000
76(mod100) 2.2
2000
2 . 76 (mod 100) ( tnh cht 3)
2
2001
152 52 (mod 100) 7. 2
2001
7. 52 = 364 64 (mod 100) .
Vy 2 ch s cui cng ca tng A l 64
Bi 4 : Tm s d trong php chia 2003
2005
cho 2007 :
Gii :
2003
2
16 (mod 2007)
(2003
2
)
5
= 2003
10
16
5
922 (mod 2007)
2003
20
922
2
1123 (mod 2007)
2003
40
1123
2
733 (mod 2007)
2003
20
. 2003
40
1123 . 733 289 (mod 2007)
hay 2003
60
289 (mod 2007)
tng t 2003
100
289 . 733 1102 (mod 2007)
2003
200
1102
2
169 (mod2007)
2003
800
169
4
1627 (mod 2007)
2003
1000
1627 . 169 4 (mod 2007)
2003
2000
4
2
= 16 (mod 2007)
Mt khc ta c th tm c 2003
5
983 (mod 2007)
Nn 2003
2005
16 . 983 = 15728 1679 (mod 7)
Bi 5: Tm :
a) 3 ch s cui ca tng B = 3
2004
+3
2005
+3
2006
b) 4 Ch s cui tng C = 5
2009
+ 5
2010
+ 5
2011
c) 4 ch s cui ca 1996
2010
Bi 6: Tm s d khi chia 2009.2010.2011.2012 cho 2012.2013
Bi 7: Cho A = 2
1
+ 2
2
+ 2
3
+ .+ 2
2010
. Tm s d khi chia A cho 2011
nh l Fermat :
Nu p l mt s nguyn t th ta c : a
p
a (mod p)
c bit nu (a , p) = 1 th a
p 1
1 (mod p)
Bi 8: Tm ch s thp phn th 2009 sau du phy ca php chia 1 cho 23.
Gii bng my tnh Casio fx-500MS
Tnh bng my 123=0.04347826
Ghi li 123=0.0434782
Tnh 110^7-23434782=14
Tnh 1423=0.608695652
Ghi li 123=0.043478260869565
Tnh 1410^8-2360869565=5
Tnh 523=0.217391304
Ghi li 123=0.0434782608695652173913
Tnh 510^7-232173913=1
n y ta suy ra: 123=0.(0434782608695652173913) (c 22 ch s phn thp phn)
Ta li c: 20097 (mod 22)
ch s th 2009 ca php chia bng ch s th 7 phn tun hon
ch s cn tm l 2.
20 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
Li bnh: Bi ton ny trc kia dng my tnh Casio FX 500- 570 MS , ES , vic tm ra chu k s
thp phn v hn tun hon tn nhiu thi gian , t khi c my tnh Casio 500 Vn Plus , vic gii bi ton
ny ht sc n gin v dng my ny cho ra chu k ca s thp phn v hn tun hon .
V MT DNG TON KHC
Bi 1 : Tm hai s t nhin a v b tha 2010
3
= a
2
b
2

Bi 2: Tm hai s t nhin a v b tha 2011
3
= a
2
b
2

Bi 3: Cho A = 3456
2
+ 1234
2
. Tm mt cp s t nhin a , b sao cho
2 2
A
a b
2
= +
Bi 4: Cho a = 123
2
+ 345
2
, b = 567
2
+ 678
2
. Tm mt cp s t nhin m, n sao cho ab = m
2
+ n
2

(4 bi trn c trch t Chuyn cp Tnh Gii ton trn MT Casio ca gv Trng Cng Cng
Trng THCS L Li Di linh Lm ng . )
Bi 5: Tnh tng cc ch s ca A
2
bit
A = 999999.98 (2007 ch s 9)
Bi 6: Tm cc s nguyn dng m,n,p bit 2
m
+ 2
n
+ 2
p
= 557120
Bi 7: Tm s t nhin M nh nht c 12 ch s, bit rng khi chia M cho cc s 1256; 3568 v 4184 u
c s d l 973.
Bi 8: Cho tng S = 3
0
+ 3
1
+ 3
2
+ 3
3
+.. + 3
30
Tm ch s tn cng ca S . S c l s chnh phng hay khng ?
Bi 9: Mt tp hp cc s t nhin lin tip bt u t 1 c vit ln bng. Nu ngi ta xa i mt s th
trung bnh cng ca cc s cn li bng
602
17
.Tm s b xa.
Bi 10: Ngi ta bn 2 con tru, 5 con cu mua 13 con ln th cn tha 1000 ng . em bn 3 con tru ,
3 con ln ri mua 9 con cu th va . Cn nu bn 6 con cu , 8 con ln mua 5 con tru th cn
thiu 500 ng . Hi mi con cu , con tru , con ln gi bao nhiu ?
Bi 11: Cho s t nhin n(1010n2010) sao cho a
n
= 20203+21n cng l s t nhin.
a) Khi y a
n
phi nm trong khong no?
b) Chng minh rng a
n
ch c th l mt trong cc dng sau:
a
n
=7k+1 hoc a
n
=7k-1 k

N
c) Tm cc s t nhin n(1010n2010) sao cho a
n
= 20203+21n cng l s t nhin.
Bi 12 : Cho A = 300
300

A c tn cng l bao nhiu ch s 0 ?
Hi ch s khc 0 k trc ch s 0 l 2 ch s no ?
A c bao nhiu ch s ?
Bi 13 : Tm cc s t nhin n (50 000 n 100 000) sao cho vi mi s th a
n
=
3
2290 7n + cng l s
t nhin
Bi 14: Tm s a c 6 ch s khc nhau v khc 0 , bit rng 2a , 3a , 4a , 5a , 6a cng to thnh t chnh cc
ch s .
Bi 15: Tm s t nhin nh nht m khi em nhn vi 333667 ta c mt s biu din bng cc ch s 5
Bi 16: Phn tch 7110 + 442
221
thnh bnh phng ca mt tng
Bi 17: Tm cc ch s a , b sao cho
917a30b4
chia ht cho 2009 v 4
Bi 18: Tm s t nhin nh nht c 6 ch s bit rng khi chia n cho 15 v 17 c s d ln lt l 7 v 5
Bi 19: Phn tch cc s sau ra tha s nguyn t : 252633033 v 8863701824
Bi 20: Tm tt c cc cp s nguyn dng (m , n) c 3 ch s tha mn 2 iu kin sau:
Hai ch s ca m cng l hai ch s ca n v tr tng ng ; ch s cn li ca m nh
hn ch s ca n ng 1 n v.
C hai s m v n u l s chnh phng
21 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
Bi 21 :
a) Tm a , b bit :
329 1
A
1
1051
3
1
5
1
a
b
= =
+
+
+
b) Tm a , b bit : B =
1719 1
1
3976
2
1
3
1
5
1
a
b
=
+
+
+
+
c) Tm a , b , c bit :
463 1
C 3
3
137
2
5
4
b
a
c
= = +
+
+
+
v
b
c
l phn s ti gin
Bi 22:
a) Tnh tng cc s chia ht cho 3 trong khong t 10000 n 100000
b) Tnh tng cc s va chia ht cho 3 va chia ht cho 5 trong khong t 10000 n 100000
c) Tnh tng cc s chia ht cho 6 trong khong t 10000 n 100000
d) Tnh tng cc s chia ht cho 35 trong khong t 10000 n 100000
Bi 23: Tm s ch s ca 2008
2008

Bi 24: S 2,009
2009
c bao nhiu ch s , trong bao nhiu ch s phn nguyn ? phn thp phn
MT S BI TP V PHP M
(Xem thm v qui tc cng v qui tc nhn trang 160 sch Gii tch lp 12 )
Bi 1 : Thy c 3 loi sch 3 Ton , 6 L v 4 Ha . Thy mun xp cc quyn sch ln cng mt k v cc
loi sch cng loi phi gn nhau . Hi c bao nhiu cch xp?
Bi 2 : Lp 9A c 44 hc sinh , chon 3 em lm cn s lp : 1 LT , 1LPHT , 1LPL . C bao nhiu cch
chn ?
Bi 3 : Cho cc s 1,2,3,4,5 .
a) Lp c bao nhiu s c 4 ch s i mt khc nhau ?
b) Lp c bao nhu ch s i mt khc nhau v chia ht cho 2 ?
Bi 4 Cho cc s 0,1,2,3,4,5 c my cch lp :
a) Cc s c 4 ch s i mt khc nhau
b) Cc s c 4 ch s i mt khc nhau m chia ht cho 2
22 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
PHN VI : DY S - CNG THC TRUY HI
V l do s phm - y khng nh ngha dy s l g , nhng thng qua cc v d v dy s Fibonaco , hc
sinh nm c khi nim v dy s .
Dy s v thit lp cng thc truy hi ca dy t cc s hng u tin v cng thc s hng th n ca dy s
l bi ton kinh in ca gii ton trn my tnh cm tay .
1. Dy Fibonaci
Cho dy s : 1 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 5 ; 8 ; 13 ; 21..
Nhn xt g v dy s trn ?
S hng th nht ca dy k hiu U
1
= 1
S hng th hai ca dy k hiu U
2
= 1
Ta thy ngoi hai s hng u tin U
1
= 1 v U
2
= 1 , s hng th 3 : U
3
= U
1
+ U
2
= 1 + 1 = 2
Tng t : U
4
= U
2
+ U
3
= 1 + 2 = 3
.
Cng thc U
n+1
= U
n-1
+ U
n
c gi l cng thc truy hi ca dy s trn .
Phng trnh
2 2
1 1 0 l =l + l - l - = c gi l phng trnh c trng ca dy
(phng trnh sai phn )
Phn ny khi hc sinh i thi cp QG mi ni r chi tit v phng trnh c trng ni chung rt kh .
T phng trnh sai phn trn ngi ta tm c cng thc s hng th n ca dy Fibonaci :
n n
1 5 1 5
2 2
Un
5

+ -


-





=
, mt biu thc cha cn cng knh nhng vi mi n

N u cho ra mt gi
tr U
n
tng

ng l mt s nguyn
Qua dy Fibonaci , hS phn no hiu c khi nim dy s , s hng ca dy , cng thc tng qut v s
hng th n ca dy s v cng thc truy hi .
2. Mt s bi tp v dy s .
Bi 1. Cho dy s
( ) ( )
n n
n
5 7 5 7
U
2 7
+

vi n = 0,1,2,3. .
a) Tnh U
0
, U
1
, U
2
, U
3
, U
4

b) Lp cng thc truy hi tnh U
n+2
theo U
n
v U
n+1
v chng minh cng thc
c) Vit qui trnh n phm lin tc trn my tnh CASIO FX 500MS tnh U
n+2
theo U
n
v U
n+1
Gii :
a) D dng tnh c U
0

= 0

, U
1
= 1 , U
2
=10, U
3
= 82 , U
4
= 640
b) Gi cng thc tnh U
n+2
theo U
n+1
v U
n
l U
n+2
= aU
n+1
+ bU
n
+ c . Ta c :
U
2
= aU
1
+ bU
0
+ c 10 = a. 1 + b . 0 + c
U
3
= aU
2
+ b

U
1
+ c 82 = a.10 + b.1 + c
U
4
= aU
3
+ bU
2
+ c 640 = a. 82 + b. 10 + c
Ta c h phng trnh sau :
a 0b c 10
10a b c 82
82a 10b c 640
+ +

+ +
'

+ +


Chn chng trnh gii phng trnh bc nht 3 n v nhp cc h s vo my gii ta c :
(x = 10 , y = 18 , z = 0 ) hay a = 10 , b = 18 , c = 0
T ta c cng thc truy hi tnh U
n+2
theo U
n+1
v U
n
nh sau :
U
n+2
= 10U
n+1
18U
n
Chhng minh cng thc : t a
n
=
( )
n
5 7
2 7
+
b
n
=
( )
n
5 7
2 7

U
n
= a
n
b
n

23 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
U
n+1
=
n n
(5+ 7)a (5 7)b
( ) ( )
2 2
n 2 n n
U 5 7 a 5 7 b
+
+

n n
n n n n
n n n n
n n n n
n 1 n
(32 10 7)a (50 10 7)b
(50 10 7)a (50 10 7)b 18(a b )
10(5 7)a 10(5 7)b 18(a b )
10 (5 7)a (5 7)b 18(a b )
10U 18U
+
+
+
+
1
+
]

(Phn ny c nhiu cch chng minh khc nhau)
c ) Vit qui trnh n phm :
C nhiu cch vit qui trnh n phm cho nn nn ty theo hc sinh s dng dng my no , gio vin
hng dn hc sinh cch n phm theo dng my . Tuy nhin cch bm phm lin tc trn my
CASIO fx 570 MS (nu ES th nh phm Calc) kt hp vi b m l ngn gn v hin i nht .
Bi 2:
Cho dy s
n n
n
3 5 3 5
U 2
2 2
_ _
+
+


, ,
vi n = 0 ,1 ,2 ,3 .
a) Tnh 5 s hng u U
0
,U
1
, U
2
, U
3
, U
4

b) Lp cng thc truy hi tnh U
n+1
theo U
n
v U
n1
c) Lp qui trnh n phm lin tc tnh U
n+1
trn my tnh CASIO
Bi 3 :
Cho dy s U
n
=
2n 2n
5 1 5 1
2 2

+ -


+





Vi n = 1,2,3.....
a) Tnh U
1
, U
2
....U
5
b) Thit lp cng thc truy hi tnh U
n

+2
theo U
n+1
v U
n

c) Vit qui trnh n phm lin tc trn my tnh CASIO FX 500MS tnh U
n+2
theo U
n
v U
n
Bi 4: Cho U
1
= 2 ; U
2
= 5 ; U
n+1
= 4U
n
+ U
n1
. Tnh U
10
Bi 5: Cho dy s xc nh bi cng thc
2
n
n 1
2
n
4x 5
x
x 1
+
+

+
nN , n 1
a) Bit x
1
= 0,25 . Vit qui trnh n phm lin tc tnh c cc gi tr ca x
n

b) Tnh x
100
Gii : a) Ta c :
2 2
n n
n 1
2 2 2 2
n n n n
4x 5 4x 4 1 1
x 4
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + +
Khai bo x
1
= 0, 25 (t ng gn vo vo nh Ans )
n tip 4 +
(
1
( Ans
2
x + 1
)
v bm lin tc
b) Sau 7 ln bm phm c kt qu x
7
= x
8
= x
9
= 4,057269071 (dy dng )
Kt lun x
100
= 4,057269071
Bi 6: Cho dy s x
n+1
=
4
n
4
n
3 10
x 3
+
+
. Tnh x
5
; x
100
bit x
1
= 1,25
Bi 7: a) Cho dy s sau :
1 2 3 n
n lan
x 2 ; x 2 2 ; x 2 2 2 .... x 2 2 ....... 2 + + + + +
1 4 442 4 4 43
. Tnh x
50
b) Cho dy s :
1 2 3 n
n lan
x 3 ; x 3 3 ; x 3 3 3 .... x 3 3 ....... 3 + + + + +
1 4 442 4 4 43
. Tnh x
100
24 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
c) Cho dy s
1 2 3
x 5 ; x 5 5 ; x 5 5 5 .... + + +
. Vit cng thc tng qut tnh x
n+1
.
Tnh x
10 ;
x
50
Bi 8: Cho dy s
n
2
2005
U n (n N*)
n
= +
. Tm s hng nh nht ca dy .
Gii :
3 3
n
2 2
n n 2005 n n 2005 2005
U 3 . . 3
2 2 2 2 4 n n
= + + = ( Bt ng thc Cauchy cho 3 s khng m)
U
n

3
2005
3
4
. Du = xy ra khi
3 3
2
n n 2005
hay n 2005.2 n 4010 15,887
2 2 n
= = = = ;
Vy n c th bng 15 hoc 16 .
Kim tra vi n = 14 , n = 15 , n = 16 , n =17 (V c kh nng dy ang gim ri li tngln )
Vi n = 14 U
n
24,22959184
Vi n = 15 U
n
23,91111111
Vi n = 16 , U
n
23,83203125
Vi n = 17 , U
n
23, 93771626 Vy U
16
l s hng nh nht cn tm
Bi 9: Cho dy s U
n
c xc nh bi cng thc {U
n
} =
n n
8 5 15 1 8 5 15 1
10 10
5 2 5 2


- + -


-




- +
Hy thit lp cng thc truy hi Tnh U
n+2
theo U
n+1
v U
n
.
Vit qui trnh n phm lin tc tnh U
15

Bi 10: Cho phng trnh bc hai x
2
6x + 2 = 0 . Gi x
1

x
2
l hai nghim ca phng trnh .
t U
n
=
n n
1 2
x x +

. Hy thit lp cng thc truy hi tnh U
n+2
theo U
n+1
v U
n
Bi 11: Cho dy s U
n
xc nh bi cng thc :
1
n 1
n
n 1
U 0, 20092010
U
U
1 U
-
-

Tnh U
2010
chnh xc vi 13 ch s thp phn
Bi 12: Cho dy s Un

xc nh bi cng thc U
n
=
n
11
.2 2n 8
2
- - .
Xc lp cng thc truy hi tnh U
n+2
theo U
n+1
v U
n
Bi 13: Cho dy s sp th t U
1
; U
2
; U
3
. U
n-1
; U
n
; U
n+1
Bit U
5
= 588 , U
6
= 1084 v cng thc truy hi U
n+1
= 3U
n
2U
n-1 .
Tnh U
1
; U
2
: U
3
; U
4
v U
20
Bi 14: Cho dy s U
n
xc nh bi cng thc truy hi U
n+1
= 5U
n
2 U
n-1

Bit U
5
= 407 ; U
6
= 1857 . Tnh U
1
; U
2
;U
15 ;
U
16

Bi 15: Cho dy s :
( ) ( )
n n
n
9- 11 - 9+ 11
U =
2 11
vi n = 0; 1; 2; 3;
a. Tnh 5 s hng U
0
; U
1
; U
2
; U
3
; U
4
.
b. Trnh by cch tm cng thc truy hi U
n+2

theo U
n+1
v U
n
.

c. Vit quy trnh n phm lin tc tnh U
n+2

theo U
n+1
v U
n
. T tnh U
5
v U
10

( thi gii Ton trn my tnh cm tay cp Quc gia ln th 10 nm 2010- cp THCS)
Bi 16: Cho dy s U
n
, bit U
1
= 1 , U
2
= 6 v cng thc truy hi U
n+2
= 6U
n+1
7U
n
.
Xc nh cng thc tng qut ca s hng th n
Bi 17: Cho dy s U
n
c xc nh bi cng thc truy hi : U
n+1
= 7U
n-1
6U
n - 2
(n
3, n N
)
25 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
Bit U
1
= 0 , U
2
= 14 , U
3
= 18
a. Lp qui trnh bm phm tnh U
n
b, Tm cng thc tng qut ca dy s U
n

c. Chng minh rng vi mi s nguyn t p th U
p
chia ht cho p
Kin thc b sung :
nh l nh Fermat
Nu p l mt s nguyn t, th vi s nguyn a bt k , a
p
a s chia ht cho p. Ngha l : a
p

a (mod p)
26 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
PHN VII : TON KINH T
Vi khi nim :
Khi ta c tin khng s dng n , ta c th gi ngn hng sinh li . C hai cch tnh li :
Li n : Li c tnh theo t l phn trm trong mt khong thi gian c nh trc .
Li kp: Sau mt n v thi gian (thng , nm) li c gp vo vn v tnh li .
Bi ton 1:
Mt ngi gi vo ngn hng a ng sau n thng vi li sut hng thng l r . Ngi y rt ly ra ton b s
tin c gc ln li . Gi T l s tin lnh ra , tnh T theo a,r,n .(bit rng mi thng khng ly li ra)
L lun i n cng thc :
+ S tin ngi y sau 1 thng l a + a.r = a( 1+ r)
+ S tin ngi y sau 2 thng l a( 1 + r) + [a ( 1 + r)].r = a (1 + r) ( 1 + r) = a (1 + r)
2
+ S tin ngi y sau 3 thng l a (1 + r)
2
+ [a (1 + r)
2
] .r = a(1 + r)
2
(1 + r) = a(1 + r)
3

. Sau khi qui np khng hon ton ta c cng thc
n
T a(1 r) = +
Bi ton 2:
Mt ngi hng thng gi tit kim vo ngn hng a ng vi li sut l r mt thng . Bit rng ngi
khng rt li ra . Lp cng thc tnh s tin T ca ngi nhn c cui thng th n .
L lun i n cng thc
+ Cui thng th nht , s tin trong ti khon ca ngi l
a + ar = a(1 +r)
+ Hng thng gi a ng nn u thng th hai , s tin trong ti khon l
a(1 +r) + a = a [(1 + r) +1 ] =
2 2
a a
[(1 r) 1] [(1 r) 1]
1 r 1 r
+ - = + -
+ -
+ S tin cui thng th hai l :
2 2
a a
[(1 r) 1] [(1 r) 1] r
r r


+ - + + -



2 3
a a
[(1 r) 1](1 r) [(1 r) (1 r)]
r r
= + - + = + - +
+ S tin u thng th 3 ca ngi l
3
a
[(1 r) (1 r)]
r
+ - + + a =
3
a
[(1 r) (1 r) r]
r
+ - + + =
3
a
[(1 r) 1]
r
+ -
+ S tin cui thng th 3 ca ngi l

3 3
a a
[(1 r) 1] [(1 r) 1].r
r r
+ - + + -
=
3 4
a a
[(1 r) 1](1 r) [(1 r) (1 r)
r r
+ - + = + - +
.
+ Tng t , s tin ca ngi u thng th n l

n
a
[(1 r) 1]
r
+ -
v s tin cui thng th n ca ngi rt ra l
T =
n
a
[(1 r) 1]
r
+ - (1+ r)
Hay
n 1
a
T [(1 r) (1 r)
r
+
= + - +
27 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
A . CC BI TP V TON KINH T
Bi 1 : Anh Lnh H Xung trng s c c 250 000 000 ng , sau khi khi trch ra 20% s tin chiu
i bn b v lm vic thin , anh gi s tin cn li vo ngn hng vi li sut 0,2 % / thng. D
kin 10 nm sau anh rt c vn ln li cho con gi anh vo i hc . Hi lc ny anh Xung rt ra
c bao nhiu tin ?
Bi 2 : Bn gi 1000 USD vi li sut n c nh theo nm . Sau 6 nm , s tin l 1330 USD . Hi li sut
tit kim l bao nhiu ?
Bi 3 : Gi s ngn hng tnh li kp . Hy tnh li sut tit kim nu sau 6 nm bn vn nhn c s tin l
1330 USD ( vi vn ban u l 1000 USD)
Bi 4 : Bn gi ngn hng 10 triu ng ( VN) vi li sut hng thng l 0,8% , sau 12 thng bn lnh ra
ton b s tin c gc ln li v em i thnh USD du lch nc ngoi . Hi trong ti bn c
c bao nhiu USD (bit 1 USD = 18 495 VN)
Bi 5: Mt ngi hng thng gi vo ngn hng mt s tin l 1000 000 ng vi li sut 0,8% / thng .
Bit rng ngi khng rt tin li ra . Sau 12 thng ngi y rt c vn ln li v i mua vng .
Hi ngi y mua c bao nhiu ch vng bit gi vng l 2134 000 / ch .
Bi 6:
a. Mt ngi gi tit kim 250.000.000 (ng) loi k hn 3 thng vo ngn hng vi li sut
10,45% mt nm. Hi sau 10 nm 9 thng , ngi nhn c bao nhiu tin c vn ln li. Bit
rng ngi khng rt li tt c cc nh k trc .
b. Nu vi s tin cu a, ngi gi tit kim theo loi k hn 6 thng vi li sut 10,5% mt
nm th sau 10 nm 9 thng s nhn c bao nhiu tin c vn ln li. Bit rng ngi khng rt
li tt c cc nh k trc v nu rt tin trc thi hn th ngn hng tr li sut theo loi khng
k hn l 0,015% mt ngy ( 1 thng tnh bng 30 ngy ).
c. Mt ngi hng thng gi tit kim 10.000.000 (ng) vo ngn hng vi li sut 0,84% mt
thng. Hi sau 5 nm , ngi nhn c bao nhiu tin c vn ln li. Bit rng ngi khng
rt li ra.
( thi gii Ton trn my tnh cm tay cp Quc gia ln th 10 nm 2010- cp THCS)
Bi 7 : Bn vay 5000 USD t ngn hng mua xe, li sut l 1.2% / thng. Nu mi thng bn phi mt s
tin bng nhau th mi thng phi tr bao nhiu tin nu bn mun tr trong vng 3 nm ?
B . TON V TNG TRNG DN S
Bi 1 :
Dn s x Hu Lc hin nay l 10000 ngi . Ngi ta d on sau 2 nm na dn s x Hu Lc l
10404 ngi .
a) Hi trung bnh mi nm dn s x Hu Lc tng bao nhiu phn trm ?
b) Vi t l tng dn s hng nm nh vy , hi sau 10 nm dn s x Hu Lc l bao nhiu ngi ?
Bi 2: Dn s 1 nc l 65 triu , mc tng dn s l 1,2 % mi nm . Tnh s dn nc y sau 15 nm
Bi 3 : Dn s mt nc n vo nm 1986 l 55 triu ngi , mc tng dn s l 2,2 % mi nm . . Tnh dn
s nc y vo nm 1996
28 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
PHN VIII : NHNG BI TON LIN QUAN N HM S V TH
Bi 1:
Trn mt phng ta Oxy cho 3 im A(2 ; 2) , B(3 ; 5 ) , C(4 ; 3)
a) Tnh chu vi , din tch tam gic ABC
b) S o cc gc

A;B;C
c) Tm ta trng tm ca tam gic ABC
Bi 2 :
Cho 3 ng thng : (d
1
) : y = 2x 3 ; (d
2
) : y = 3x +2 ; (d
3
) : y = x + 6 i mt ct nhau ti 3 im A,
B,C .
Gi G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC . Tnh din tch tam gic GBC .
8
6
4
2
-2
-5 5 10
d3
d2
d1
q x ( ) = -x+6
h x ( ) = -3x+2
f x ( ) = 2x-3
A
C
B
Bi 3 :
Cho hai ng thng (d
1
) y = -2,45x + 5,5 v (d
2
): y = 3,75x + 5,5 . tnh gc nhn to bi hai ng thng
trn.
Bi 4:
8
6
4
2
-2
-10 -5 5
g x ( ) = 0.43x+5.24
f x ( ) = 1.2x+3.4
Cho hai ng thng y = 1,2x + 3,4 v y = 0,43x + 5,24
a) Tnh gc nhn to bi hai ng thng trn
b) Gi l gc to bi ng thng d
2
v trc Ox . Tnh gi tr biu thc sau :A =
3 4
5 4
2cos 3sin
tg 2 cotg
a + b
a - + b

29 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
Bi 5: ( thi gii ton trn MTBT Quc gia nm 2007)
Cho hai hm s
5
2
2
5
3
+ x y
(1) v
5
3
5
+ x y
(2) .
a) V th ca hai hm s trn mt phng ta Oxy
b) Tm ta ca giao im
) , (
A A
y x A
ca hai th
( kt qu di dng phn s hoc hn s )
c) Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ABC , trong B , C th t l giao im ca th hm s (1) v th
hm s hai vi trc honh ( ly nguyn kt qu trn my )
d) Vit phng trnh ng thng l phn gic ca gc BAC ( H s gc ly kt qu vi hai ch s
phn thp phn )
Bi 6: Cho Parabol (P) : y = ax
2
bx +c . Xc nh a,,b,c Parabol (P) i qua cc im

13 3 2551 2 199
A 2; , B ; , C ;
3 4 48 5 15
_ _ _


, , ,
Bi 7: Cho 3 ng thng (d
1
) : 3x + 2y = 14 , (d
2
):x + y = 2 v (d
3
) : x 6y = 18 i mt ct nhau
Cho Gi A l giao im ca d
1
v d
2
, B l giao d
2
v d
3
v

C l giao im d
3
v d
1

K trung tuyn AM v phn gic trong AD ca tam gic ABC . Tnh din tch tam gic ADM
Bi 8: Cho 3 ng thng (d) : -6x + 8y =2 (d) : 7x 3y = 23 v (d) : -x 5y = 13 i mt ct nhau ti 3
im . Tm ta trc tm ca tam gic to ra bi 3 im trn (chnh xc vi 5 ch s thp phn)
Bi 9 : Cho 3 ng thng 3x 5y = 14 ; 4x+9y = 3 v 7x 4y = 30 i mt ct nhau ti 3 im H ,I
, V . Trong im H nm gc phn t th II , I nm gc phn t th nht v V nm gc phn
th th IV . Tm ta trng tm ca tam gic HIV .
Bi 10: Cho ng thng (d) : y = 4x 8 ct trc Ox v Oy ln lt ti A v B
a) Gi
a
l gc to bi ng thng vi trc Ox , tnh s o ca
a
b) Phn gic gc AOB ct AB ti I . Tnh IA , IB
Bi 11 Cho hai ng thng: (
1
d
)
3 1 3
2 2
y x
+
+
2
5 1 5
( ) :
2 2
d y x


1) Tnh gc to bi cc ng thng trn vi trc ox (chnh xc n giy)
2) Tm giao im ca hai ng thng trn (tnh ta giao im chnh xc n 2 ch s sau du phy)
Tnh gc nhn to bi hai ng thng trn (chnh xc n giy)
( QG nm 2008)
Bi 12 : Cho ba hm s
8
- 2
7
y x (1) ,
3
3
8
y x (2) v
18
6
29
y x + (3)
a) V th ca ba hm s trn mt phng ta ca Oxy
b) Tm ta giao im A(x
A
, y
A
) ca hai th ham s (1) va (2); giao im B(x
B
, y
B
) ca hai th
ham s (2) va (3); giao im C(x
C
, y
C
) ca hai th ham s (1) va (3) (kt qu di dng phn s
hoc hn s).
c) Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ABC (ly nguyn kt qu trn my)
d) Vit phng trnh ng thng l phn gic ca gc BAC (h s gc ly kt qu vi hai ch s
phn thp phn) ( thi tnh TT-Hu 2008)
30 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
c
a
b
B
A
C
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
PHN Ix : HNH HC PHNG
V l thuyt , ngoi cc cng thc c bn ca cp THCS t sch gio khoa , gii quyt tt cc ton Hnh
hc gii trn my tnh CASIO , gio vin trang b thm mt s cng thc thuc cp THCS .
I . MT S CNG THC TNH DIN TCH TAM GIC
Ngoi cng thc S =
a
1
ah
2
Ta cn c cc cng thc sau :
S = p(p a)(p b)(p b)
(p l na chu vi ca tam gic-cng thc Heron)
S =
1 1 1
absinC acsinB bcsinA
2 2 2

S =
abc
4R
(R l bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic)
S = pr (r l bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic)
II NH L SIN V COSIN TRONG TAM GIC
a b c
2R
sinA sibB sinC
(nh l sin)
a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
2bc.cosA (nh l cos)
b
2
= a
2
+ c
2
2ac. cosB
c
2
= b
2
+ a
2
2 ba. cosC
(Hc sinh suy ra cc h qu t 2 nh l trn trong qu trnh vn dng vo gii bi tp)
III CNG THC TNH DI NG PHN GIC TRONG TAM GIC
Tuy nhin , ng phn gic ca tam gic cng c phng php dgn kin thc cp THCS chng minh
vi mt ng hng khc :
AD AB.AC DB.DC = -
Chng minh :
Trn tia AD ly im E sao cho

AEC ABC =
Ta c DA.DE = DB.DC
DA.AE = AB.AC
DA.AE DA.DE = AB.AC DB.DC
AD (AE DE ) = AB.AC DB .DC
AD
2
= AB.AC DB .DC
31 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
AD =
2
bcp(p a)
b c

+
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
IV : CNG THC TNH DI NG TRUNG TUYN TRONG TAM GIC
K hiu m
a
, m
b
, m
c
ln lt l di cc trung tuyn ng vi cnh BC , CA , AB ca tam gic ABC . Ta c
cc cng thc sau
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
a b c
b c a a c b a b c
m ; m ; m
2 4 2 4 2 4
+ + +
= - = - = -
chng mnh cc cng thc trn , dng kin thc lp 10 chng minh rt on gin . Ty nhin nu dng
kin thc cp THCS chng minh tng i kh
Cch 1:
(Gii s tam gic ABC nhn v AB < AC)
Cn chng minh :
2 2 2
2
AB AC BC
AM
2 4
+
= -
Ta c AB
2
+AC
2
= AH
2
+BH
2
+AH
2
+HC
2

= 2AH
2
+ (BM HM)
2
+ (CM +HM)
2

= 2AH
2
+ BM
2
2BM.HM + HM
2
+ MC
2
+ 2MC.HM + HM
2

Do MB = MC =
BC
2
Nn AB
2
+AC
2
= 2AH
2
+2 HM
2
+ 2MB
2
= 2( AH
2
+ HM
2
) +
2
BC
2
= 2 AM
2
+
2
BC
2

2 2 2
2
AB AC BC
AM
2 4
+
= -
Cch 2 :
Chng minh AM
2
=
2 2 2
AB AC BC
2 4
+

+ AM
2
= AH
2
+ HM
2
= AH
2
+ BM
2
BH
2
= (AH+BH) (AH BH) + BM
2
= AB.(AH BH ) +BM
2

= AB( AB BH BH ) +BM
2
= AB(AB 2BH) + BM
2
= AB
2
+
2
BC
4
2AB.BH (1)
+ Tng t
AM
2
= AC
2
+
2
BC
4
- 2AC . CK (2)
+ Cng (1) v (2)
2AM
2
= AB
2
+ AC
2
+
2
BC
2
2( AB. BH + AC.CK)

AM
2
=
2 2 2
AB AC BC
(AB.BH AC.CK)
2 4
+
+ +
(cn chng minh AB.BH+ AC.CK =
2
BC
2
)
32 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
+ K AL BC
Ta c : BL + LC = BC
Tam gic ABL vung nn cosB =
BL
AB

BL = ABcosB
Tam gic ACL vung nn cosC =
LC
AC

LC = AC.cosC

BC = ABcosB + ACcosC = AB.


BH
BM
+ AC
CK
MC
m BM = MC =
BC
2

BC =
AB.BH+AC.CK
BC
2

AB.BH+AC.CK = BC.
2
BC BC
2 2

BI TP: (Tng hp khng phn loi )


Bi 1: Cho ABC ABC theo t s 1,3 . Bit ABC c din tch l 112 m
2
. Tnh din tch ABC
Bi 2: Tam gic ABC c din tch S= 27,3529 m
2
ng dng vi tam gic ABC c din tch
S= 15,38600625 m
2
. Tnh t s hai ng cao
AH
A'H'
v ghi di dng phn s ti gin .
Bi 3: Cho hnh thang ABCD (AB//CD) Bit

DAC ABC
, AB = 4,93cm DC = 7,89 cm .
Tnh di ng cho AC.
Bi 4: Cho hnh thang cn c 2 ng cho vung gc vi nhau . y nh di 13,724 cm , cnh bn di
21,867. Tnh din tch S ca hnh thang cho .
Gii
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
AB IA IB
AB CD 2AD
CD ID IC
+

+
;
+

CD =
2 2
2AD AB
2
2
2 2
AB CD AB CD AB 2AD AB
S h
2 2 2
_
+ + + _



,
,

Vi AB = 13,724 ; AD = 21,867
Bi 5: Cho ABC vung ti A . Bit AC = 12,5543 cm v trung tuyn AI = 9,7786 cm . Dng ng cao
AH . Gi M , N ln lt l trung im ca AH , BH . Gi K l giao im ca NM v AC . Tnh cc
gc :

ABC ; ACB ; NAK (bng n v o ) v on thng AK (bng cm)
Cho ABC vung gc A , Tnh cc gc B , C v ng cao AH . Bit AB = 4,0312 cm , BC = 8,0151 cm
(
0 0
B 59 48'16.53 C 30 11'43.47 , AH =3,48422708cm)
Bi 6: Tam gic ABC c
0
B 120
AB = 6,25cm , Bc = 12,5cm . ng phn gic ca gc B ct AC ti D .
a) Tnh di on thng BD
b) Tnh t s din tch ca cc tam gic ABD v ABC
c) Tnh din tch tam gic ABD
[S : a) BD 4,166666667 ; b) 1/3 ; c) S
ABD
= 11,27637245 ]
Bi 7: Cho hnh ch nht ABCD , qua nh B v ng vung gc vi ng cho AC . Gi E , F, G th t
t l trung im ca cc on thng AH , BH , CD
a) Chng minh EFCG l hnh bnh hnh
b) Gc BEG l gc nhn , gc vung hay gc t ?
c) Cho bit BH = 17,25 cm

BAC
= 38
0
40 Tnh din tch hnh ch nht ABCD
d) Tnh di ng cho AC ?
Bi 8 : Cho ABC vung gc A , Tnh cc gc B , C v ng cao AH . Bit AB = 4,0312 cm ,
33 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
A B
C D
I
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
BC = 8,0151 cm
Bi 9 : Cho hnh thang vung ABCD

(B C 1v) c AB = 12,35 cm , BC = 10,55cm ,
0
ADC 57
a) Tnh chu vi hinh thang ABCD
b) Tnh din tch hnh thang ABCD
c) Tnh cc gc cn li ca ADC
Bi 10: Mt hnh thang cn ABCD c hai ng cho vung gc vi nhau . Cho bit y nh AB = 13,72
cm , cnh bn AD = 21,87 dm . Hy tnh DC , AC , gc DBC v din tch hnh thang .
Bi 11 :Cho tam gic u ABC c cnh l a . M l mt im nm trong tam gic . Gi MH
1
, MH
2
, MH
3
l
khong cch t im M n cc cnh ca tam gic .
a) Chng minh tng cc khong cch t M n 3 cnh l mt hng s .
b) Cho a = 4,358 cm . Tnh MH
1
+ MH
2
+ MH
3

Bi 12: Cho ABC , t im D thuc cnh BC k cc ng thng song song vi cc cnh ca tam giac tao
thnh hai tam gic nh c din tch 6,25 cm
2
v 12,4609 cm
2
. Tnh din tch ABC.
Bi 13 : Cho hnh vung ABCD v mt im M nm trn cnh BC . Gi N l giao im ca hai ng thng
AM v DC . Cho bit AM = 3,14 cm AN = 7,12 cm .Tnh din tch hnh vung .
Bi 14 Cho t gic ABCD c hai ng cho vung gc vi nhau. Bit AB = 8, 33 cm , BC = 7, 49 cm ,
DA = 4, 55 cm . Tnh di on thng CD
Bi 15 Cho hnh thang ABCD (AB//CD) c ng cho BD hp vi tia BC mt gc bng gc DAB . Bit
rng AB = a = 12,5 cm . DC = b = 28,5cm
a) Tnh di x ca ng cho BD (chnh xc n 0,01 )
b) Tnh t s phn trm gia din tch ca tam gic ABD (S
ABD
) v din tch tam gic BCD (S
BCD
)
(chnh xc n 0,01)
Bi 16 :
Cho tam gic ABC vung A , vi AB = a = 14,25 cm , AC = b = 23,5 cm . AM , AD theo th t l
cc ng trung tuyn v phn gic ca tam gic ABC .
a) Tnh di cc on thng BD v CD .
b) Tnh din tch tam gic ADM
Bi 17:Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 7,3456 cm , BC = 9,4753 cm v
0
ABC 38 37'36"
. Gi G l trng tm
ca tam gic . Tnh din tch tam gic GBC
Bi 18: Cho tam gic ABC , Gi G l giao im 2 trung tuyn AD v CE . Bit rng AD = 5,8518 cm
0 0
ACE 45 53' ; DAC 22 33' . Tnh din tch tam gic ABC
Bi 19 : Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 8,93 AC = 9,57 BC = 13 , 456 . Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ?
Bi 20: Cho tam gic ABC c BC = 17,89

0 ' 0 '
B 24 39 C 43 42 = =
Tnh din tch v chu vi ca tam gic .
Bi 21: Cho ABC c AB = 15,72 AC = 21,81cm BC = 25, 63cm . Trung tuyn AD v phn gic AE .
a) Tnh S
ABC
v s o cc gc A,B,C
b) Tnh S
ADE
c) Tnh di ng phn gic AE
Bi 22: Cho hnh ch nht ABCD c AB=20,345 cm v AD=15,567 cm. Gi O l giao im hai ng cho
ca hnh ch nht. K AH vung gc vi DB; ko di AH ct CD E.
a. Tnh OH v AE.
b. Tnh din tch t gic OHEC.
Bi 23 : Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 10 , AC = 12 , S
ABC
= 30 (vdt) . Phn gic ca ABC v phn gic ca
gc ACB ct nhau ti I . Tnh

BIC
.
Bi 24: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c hai ng cho AC v BD ct nhau ti O v

0
DOA 150 =
.
Bit AC = 5,23 cm BD = 6,39 cm . Tnh din tch hnh bnh hnh ABCD
Bi 25: Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 4,53; AC = 7,48, gc A = 73
o
.
a) Tnh cc chiu cao BB v CC gn ng vi 5 ch s thp phn.
b)Tnh din tch ca tam gic ABC gn ng vi 5 ch s thp phn.
c) S o gc B (, pht,giy) ca tam gic ABC.
d) Tnh chiu cao AA gn ng vi 5 ch s thp phn.
Bi 26: Mt hnh thoi c din tch l 24 cm
2
, hiu di hai ng cho l 2 cm . Tnh ln ca cc gc
34 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
hnh thoi.
Bi 27: Cho hnh ch nht ABCD. im M nm trong hnh ch nht c MA =1930,MB=1945,MC=2009. Tnh MD?
Bi 28 :Cho ng gic u ABCDE c di cnh bng 1, gi I l giao im ca 2 ng cho AD v BE.
( ly chnh xc n 4 ch s thp phn)
a) Tnh AD.
b) Tnh din tch ABCDE
c) Tnh IB, IC
Bi 29: Tam gic ABC vung A c AB = c = 23,82001 cm; AC = b = 29,1945 cm. Gi G l trng tm tam
gic ABC, A`, B`, C` l hnh chiu ca G xung cc cnh BC, AC, AB. Gi S v S` l din tch
tam gic ABC v A`B`C`.
Tnh t s
S'
S
v tnh S`
Bi 30: Cho lc gic u ABCDEF. Bit di BE = 3,12345 cm. Tnh din tch a gic BCDEF.
Bi 31: Cho hai ng trn (O; R) v (O; R) ct nhau ti A v B . Tnh din tch phn chung ca hai hnh
trn bit R = 1996 , R = 2010 v d = OO = 70 .
Bi 32:Vit cng thc tnh din tch S ca hnh thang bit dai 2 ng cho l
1
v l
2
v on thng d ni
trung im hai cnh y . (cho php dung cng thc Heron tnh din tch tam gic)
p dng bng s : l
1
= 302,1930 m , l
2
= 503 , 2005 m , d = 304,1975 m
( d b Gii ton trn my tinh cm tay cp Quc gia nm 2005)
Bi 33: Cho hnh vung ABCD, ly cc im M,N,P,Q sao cho cc tam gic ABM , BCN,CDP, PAQ l cc
tam gic u. Bit hnh vung ABCD din tch 4 2 3 + cm
2
, tnh din tch a gic KLMN.
Bi 34: Cho tamgic ABC c di cc cnh AB = 13,25 AC = 17,875 v BC = 24,375 .
I l mt im bt k nm trong tam gic . Gi M,N,P theo th t l trung im ca IA,IB,IC .
Tnh chu vi v din tch tam gic MNP
Bi 35: Cho 2 ng trn (O ; 3,6) v (O ; 2,8) ct nhau ti A v B , bit OO = 5,22
a) Tnh di dy chung AB
b) Tnh cc gc

AOB, BO' A, OAO'
Bi 36: Cho hai ng trn (O,R ) v (Or) tip xc ngoi ti A . BC l tip tuyn chung ngoi ca hai
ng trn trn ,(B (O) v C(O) . Gi O l ng trn tip xc ngoi vi 2 ng trn (O) v
(O) ng thi tip xc vi vi ng thng BC ti K .
a- Tnh BC theo R v r
b- Cho R= 9 , r = 4 , tnh r
Bi 37: Cho hai ng trn (O ; 3,82) v (O ; 2,68 ) ct nhau ti A v B (O,O nm tri pha vi dy
chungAB) bit di dy chung AB = 4,588. K ng knh AOC v AOD ca hai ng trn
a) Chng minh 3 im C,B,D thng hng v tnh di on CD
b) Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ACD
Bi 38: Cho ng trn (O,R) v dy AB ca ng trn . ng knh CD (D nm trn cung nh AB) i
qua trung im I ca AB . Bit R = 4,52 , AB = 6,7574
a)Tnh IC , ID chnh xc n 0,00001
b)Cho

ACD
. Tnh gi tr biu thc M =
3 2
12 10
tg 1 cos
(cot g ).(tg )
+

Bi 39: Cho ng trn tm (O,4 ) A l 1 im nm trn ng trn v AA l mt dy vung gc vi
ng knh BC . Cho

0
BCA 31 36'
, tnh di dy AA
Bi 40: Tam gic ABC c cnh AC = b = 3,85 cm ; AB = c = 3,25cm v ng cao AH = h = 2,75 cm
a) Tnh cc gc A , B ,C v cnh BC ca tam gic .
b) Tnh di ca trung tuyn AM ( M thuc BC)
c) Tnh din tch tam gic AHM .
35 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
Bi 41: Cho ng trn ng knh AB = 2R, M v N l hai im nm trn ng trn sao cho:

AM MN NB = =
. Gi H l hnh chiu ca N trn AB v P l giao im ca AM vi HN. Cho R = 6,25 cm.
a) Tnh:

MBP
b) Cho hnh v quay mt vng xung quanh trc BM. Tnh din tch xung quanh v th tch hnh do tam
gic MBP to thnh (chnh xc n 2 ch s sau du phy)
( QG 2008)
Bi 42: Cho tam gic u ABC ni tip ng trn (O ; 2010cm) . trn AC ly im E sao cho
AE 2
EC 5
=
Tia BE ct ng trn ti D . Gi F l giao im ca hai ng thng AD v BC . Tnh di BF
(Bi ny lin quan n chng Gc vi ng trn ch luyn thi khi thi vng QG)
Bi 43: Cho ng trn (O ; R) . Mt hnh vung v mt tam gic u ni tip ng trn sao cho mt cnh
ca hnh vung song song vi mt cnh ca tam gic . Tnh din tch phn chung ca hnh vung v
tam gic ( tnh theo R sau cho R nhn 1 gi tr ty v dng my bm ly kt qu )
Bi 44: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A c AB = m , BC = 2AB . Bn ngoi tam gic dng cc hnh vung
CDEB , tam gic u ABF v tam gic u ACG. Tnh din tch t gic GDEF theo m.
Bi 45: Cho tam gic nhon ABC c AB =c v AC = b . Cc ng cao BD v CE ct nhau ti H
a) Chng minh BH.BD +CH.CE = BC
2

b) Cho b = 6,60668 v c = 8,60616

0
A 60 =
. Tnh BH.BD +CH.CE
(Bi ny lin quan n chng Gc vi ng trn
ch luyn thi khi thi vng QG)
Bi 46: Cho ng trn tm (O ,R) -hai bn knh OA , OB vung gc vi
nhau . Trn cung AB ly im A sao cho

0
AOA' 30 =
K bn knh OB vung gc vi OA.
Lp cng thc tnh din tch phn chung ca hai tam gic AOB v
AOB . p dng bng s : Cho R = 2011
(Bi ny li t bi s 8 d b nm 2005 thi Casio cp QG)
Bi 47: Hnh trng khuyt Hypocrat
Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, AB = c v AC = b V ng trn
ng kinh BC (ABC ni tip ng trn ng knh BC ) , min ngoi tam gic v hai na ng
trn ng knh AB v AC. Tnh din tch hai hnh li lim
Bi 48: Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A , I l tm ng trn ni tip tam gic . Bit IA = m = 3,7159 v
IB = n = 2,6593 . Tnh chnh xc vi 4 ch s thp phn :
a) di cnh AB
b) Din tch tam gic ABC
Bi 49: Cho a gic u 12 cnh A
1
A
2
A
12
ni tip ng trn (O,R) . M l im nm trn ng trn .
Tnh tng S = MA
1
2
+ MA
2
2
+ + MA
12
2
. p dng bng s : Cho R = 19,96
(Bi 47-48-49 li t quyn Mt s vn pht trin Hnh hc 9 ca tc gi V Hu Bnh)
Bi 50: Cho hnh thang vung ABCD (

B C 1v = =
) c hai ng cho vung gc vi nhau .
Bit AD = a = 9,5895 , BC = b = 6,9194 . Tnh di AB v din tch hnh thang ABCD .
(Bi ny ng sng tc vo 18h ngy 7/3/2010 trong lc vc vc phn mm Cabri )
Bi 51: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A c hai trung tuyn BD v AE vugn gcvi nhau . Bit
AB = 2010 . Tnh BC ( thi Casio Huyn D nm 2008)
Bi 52:Cho hnh thang ABCD (AB//CD) v AC BD . Bit BD = 36,27 cm v ng cao hnh thang bng
27,36 cm. Tnh din tch hnh thang( thi Casio Huyn D nm 2009)
Bi 53. Tm t gic c din tch ln nht ni tip trong ng trn ( O , R) c nh ( trnh by c cch gii)
Tnh chu vi v din tch t gic bit R = 5, 2358( m) ( thi QG -2010)
36 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
H
O
A D
B
C
S
H
O
B
C
A
D
S
O
F
H
G
A
B
C
S
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
PHN x: HNH HC khng gian
Bi 1
Cho Hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD .
Bit

0
ASC 84 42' =
, AC = 12, 546 cm .
Tnh S
xq
, S
tp
, V ca hnh chp
Bi 2 :
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD .
Bit ng cao SO = 6,786 cm , Gc gia cnh bn SA
v ng cho AC l 42
0
18 .
Tnh Th tch v din tch xung quanh
Bi 3 :
Cho hnh chp tam gic u S.ABC bit SA = SB = SC = 7,689 cm
Gc to bi cnh bn SA v trung tuyn AF bng 53
0
24.
Tnh din tch xung quanh v th tch hnh chp .
Bi 4: Cho t din S.ABC c cc mt l cc tam gic u cnh a .
Tnh th tch t din theo a . Cho a = 14 7 3 +
Bi 5: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cc cnh bn v cnh y bng nhau v bng a .
Tnh th tch hnh chp theo a . p dng : cho a = 18,5792
Bi 6: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cc cnh bn v cnh y bng nhau . Bit trung on l d ,
tnh th tch hnh chp theo d. p dng : d = 18 3
Bi 7: Khi sn xut v lon sa hnh tr , cc nh sn xut thit k lun t mc tiu sao cho chi ph nguyn
liu lm v lon t nht . (S
tp
nh nht) . Tnh gn ng din tch ton phn ca lon khi mun c th
tch lon l 1 dm
3
. Khi bn knh y bng bao nhiu .
Bi 8: Cho hnh ch nht ABCD cha va kht 3 ng trn trong n ( hnh v) , bit bn knh ng ca
ng trn bng 20 cm
a. Tnh din tch phn hnh phng nm ngoi cc hnh trn trong hnh v .
b. Cho hnh ch nht ABCD quay mt vng xung quanh trc l ng thng i qua tm ca cc
ng trn . Tnh th tch vt th c to nn bi phn hnh tm c cu a ( thi QG -2010)
Bi 9 : Cho tam gic ABC vung tai A ng cao AH . Bit AB = 30 cm HC = 32 cm . Quay tam gic 1
vng quanh BC , tnh th tch hnh khi to thnh .
37 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
GII TON TRN MY TNH BT- CP THCS
38 GV : LM NGUYN THAO TRNG THPT LC NGHIP
LI KT
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