TIT 47: KHI QUT V NHM HALOGEN

(Ha 10 nng cao)

IMc tiu
1> Kin thc.
a> Hc

sinh bit:

V tr ca nhm halogen trong bng h thng tun hon, cc nguyn t thuc nhm . c im v cu to phn t. Nhng tnh cht l ,ha hc c bn ca nhm halogen.Quy lut bin i tnh cht . sinh hiu:

b> Hc -

Cu hnh electron ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t halogen. Tnh cht ha hc c bn ca nhm halogen l tnh oxi ho mnh. Quy lut v s bin i ting cht ha hc v mt s hp cht ca chng. sinh vn dng:

c> Hc -

Vn dng l thuyt ch o v thuyt cu to nguyn t v bng h thng tun hon cc nguyn t. Gii cc bi tp. Vn dng vo thc t ca cuc sng,sn xut.

2> K nng: -

Vit cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t F, Cl, Br, I So snh nhng im ging v khc nhau c quy lut ca cc nguyn t trong cung nhm Da vo cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng d on tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc nguyn t halogen l tnh oxi ho mnh.

Vit c cc phng trnh ho hc chng minh tnh cht oxi ho mnh ca cc nguyn t halogen, quy lut bin i tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong nhm. Gii cc bi tp nh tnh v nh lng. : Xy dng tnh tch cc, ch ng, hp tc, to hng th cho cc em yu thch mn ha hc. Hc sinh c thi hc tp nghim tc.xy dng bi.

3> Thi

II. Trng tm bi dy:

-

Cu hnh electron nguyn t v cu to phn t ca cc nguyn t Tnh cht ha hc ca chng.

III. Phng php dy hc:

-

Phng php thuyt trnh . Phng php m thoi. S dng sch gio khoa.phiu hc tp. Phng php trc quan:my chiu

IV. Chun b ca gio vin v hc sinh.

. Gio vin:
- Bng h thng tun hon, my chiu, slide trnh chiu,h thng cu hi trc nghim.phieus hc tp.

Hc sinh: - Bng h thng tun hon, c v chun b bi mi.

V. Tin trnh dy hc.

1. n nh lp. Kim tra s s 2. Kim tra bi c:(5 pht) + Cu hi:

Vit cu hnh ca ngun t c Z=9,Z= 17,Z=35.vit cu hnh chung v so snh s ging v khc nhau v lp electron ngoi cng ca ba cu hnh va vit. Z=9 : 1s22s22p5

+ Tr li:
-

Z=17 : 1s22s22p63s23p5 Z= 35 : 1s22s22p63s23p43d104s24p5 Cu hnh chung l : ns2np5

Ging nhau:
-

C 7 electron lp ngoi cng. C 2 electron trn obitan s v 5electron trn obitan p

Khc nhau: Z=17 v Z= 35 chu k 3 v chu k 4 nn c obitan d cn trng. Cn Z = 9 chu k 2 khng c obitan d trng 3.Vo bi:
-

Nhn 3 cu hnh trn bng thi chng ta thy n c c im chung l 7 electron ngoi cng v phn b trn obitan s v obitan p nn cc nguyn t ny u cng mt phn nhm, l nhm VIIA.Hm nay chng ta s i qua chng mi nghin cu cc tnh cht c trng ca nhm ny l nhm halogen. CHNG V:NHM HALOGEN. Bi u tin l : Khi qut v nhm halogen Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh Ni dung bi ging I. V tr ca nhm halogen trong bng tun hon Hot ng 1:(4 pht) -Yu cu dng bng h thng tun hon (SGK tr 41) (nhn slide) hi: Hc sinh tr li: -Nhm VIIA gm 5 nguyn t:
9 17

Nhm halogen thuc nhm VIIA gm 5 + Hy gi tn ,xc nh v nguyn t tr ca chng trong bng -Flo(F) s 9 chu k 2 h thng tun hon?

F : [He] 2s22p5 Cl: [Ne] 3s23p5 Br: [Ar] 4s24p5 I: [Kr] 5s25p5

35

53

Kt lun: Nhm halogen thuc nhm VIIA gm 5 nguyn t: - Atatin khng gp trong t nhin, n l nguyn t phng x.

- Clo(Cl) s 17 chu k 3 - Brom(Br) s 35 chu k 4 - Iot(I) s 53,chu k 5 - Atatin(At) s 85 chu k 6

85

At:

- V tr cui chu k, trc kh him.

II. Cu hnh electron nguyn t, cu to phn t ca cc nguyn t halogen - Cu hnh electron: ns2np5 Hot ng 2: (10 pht) -Yu cu hc sinh nu cu hnh electron lp ns2 np5 ngoi cng ca nhm C mt electron c thn nhm v nhn xt? Hc sinh tr li + c im chung cu hnh? - C 7 electron lp ngoi cng Ging: Flo khng c phn lp d cn Clo, Brom v iot c phn lp d trng nn khi c kch thch ns2 np5 nd0 1,2 hay 3 electron c th (trng thi c bn) chuyn n nhng obitan d con trng nn trng thi kch thch . np4 nd1 -Gi hc sinh ln biu ns2 din cc trang thi kch thch trn cc obitan. Yu cu nhn xt:

np3

nd2

ns2 -Trnh chiu slide gii thch c im ca lp electron ngoi cng. Trnh thi kch thch v nhn xt kh nng tn ti ca cc s oxiha ca clo, brom iot - Kt lun chung: -Ln bng vit trng thai c bn qua cc trng thi kich thch -Nhn xt np3 ns1 (trng thi kch thch)
nd3

- trng thi kch thch Cl,Br I c th c 3,5 hoc 7 electron c thn

Hot ng 3: (5 pht)

- V sao cc nguyn t ca nguyn t halogen khng ng ring r m hai nguyn t lin kt vi nhau to thnh phn t X2 (Trnh chiu slide v lin kt gia hai nguyn t vi nhau) Gii thch: - Do c 7 electron ngoi cng, ch thiu 1 electron l t c cu hnh bn ca kh him nn hai nguyn t halogen c xu hng gp chung electron to lin kt X-X - Lin kt X-X l lin kt cng ha tr khng phn cc.

Hc sinh tr li

Dng n cht:
X X X X

Do halogen ch thiu 1 electron l t c cu hnh bn ca kh him

CTPT: X2

- Lin kt X-X l lin kt cng ha tr khng phn cc. - Nng lng lin kt X-X khng ln. d b tch

Nng lng lin kt X-X khng ln. d b tch III.Khi qut v tnh cht ca cc halogen

Hot ng 4: (10 pht)

Tnh cht vt l:(chiu slide) Ta thy halogen c nhiu ng dng trong i sng nh:Flo co trong hp cht lm tu lnh,trong thnh phn ca men rng.Clo x l nc sch,mui n.Iot l thnh phn i t flo n iot: khng th thiu trong c th con ngi v vy - Bn knh nguyn nghin cu tnh cht ca t: tng dn n rt cn thit. - Trng thi tp hp: -Trnh chiu slide cho kh lng rn hc sinh quan st v cc - Mu sc: m dn dng tn ti trong t nhin v bng tm tt - T0s, t0nc : tng dn khi qut v tnh cht vt l ( bng 51 SGK) - Yu cu hs nhn xt s bin i tnh cht vt l i t Flo n Iot + Bn knh nguyn t + Trngthi tp hp ca n cht + m in ?
o + tso , tnc ?

+ Tnh tan? Trnh chiu slide tm tt li tnh cht vt l v

nhac hc sinh ghi bi Lu :

Cc halogen u rt c.
Tnh cht ha hc Hot ng 5:(10 pht) + Trong mt nhm th tnh cht ha hc ca n cht v cc hp cht to thnh nhu th no? + Cn c vo cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng nu khuynh hng c trng? + Tnh cht ha hc c bn? Yu cu hc sinh nu v gii thch tinh oxi ha , da vo m in v bn knh nguyn t nhn xt tnh oxi ha ca nhm halogen - Tnh cht ha hc c bn l tnh oxi ha mnh.
-

-Tng t nhau

Tng t nhau v tnh cht ha hc ca n cht v cc hp cht to thnh.

- Khuynh hng nhn thm mt electron c cu hnh electron tng t kh him

- Khuynh hng: X + 1e Xns2np5 ns2np6 - Tnh oxi ha mnh

Tnh oxi ha F > Cl > Br > I

Ging: m in tng i ln v gim dn t flo n iot cc halogen c i lc electron ln nn d dng nhn thm mt electron tr thnh ion m nn tnh oxi ha

m in tng i ln t flo n iot m in gim dn Tnh oxi ha

F > Cl > Br > I Yu cu hc sinh xc nh s oxi ha ca cc halogen( pht phiu hc tp) - F2, HF, NaF, BaF2 -Cl2,HCl, HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4. -Br2, NaBr,NaBrO, NaBrO2 ,NaBrO3, NaIO4 - I2, KI,KIO, KIO2 ,KIO3, KIO4 Rt ra nhn xt g v s oxi ha ca halogen trong cc hp cht Trnh chiu powpoit Kt lun: phn tnh cht ha hc c bn ca nhm halogen

F > Cl > Br > I

Trong cc hp cht flo ch c s oxi ha -1, cc halogen cn li, cc s oxi ha -1,+1, +3, +5, +7

Tr li cu hi.

Hot ng 6: cng c bi:(1 pht)nhc hc sinh cn nm + Cu hnh v cu to phn t + Tnh oxi ho mnh v quy lut + S ging nhau v tnh cht ho hc cng nh thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc hp cht ca chng + Bi tp v nh bi 2,3,4,5(SGK tr119) Hot ng 7:(d phng) Bi tp trc nghim (chiu slide) Cu1: c im no khng phi l c im ca cc nhm halogen? A. Nguyn t ch c kh nng thu thm 1 electron. B. To ra hp cht lin kt cng ha tr c cc vi hiro.

C. C s oxi ha m trong mi hp cht. D. Lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t c 7 electron. Cu 2:Theo chiu t F Cl Br I, A. Tnh oxi ha v m in ca cc n cht tng dn. B. Tnh oxi ha gim dn v m in tng dn. C. Tnh oxi ha tng dn m in gim dn D. Tnh oxi ha v m in ca cc n cht khng c quy lut chung Cu 3: Lin kt trong phn t cc halogen l ? A. Lin kt cng ha tr phn cc. B. Lin kt cng ha tr khng phn cc. C. Lin kt ion. D. Lin kt vandeval

Cu 4: Theo chiu t F Cl Br I, nhit si ,nhit nng chy ca cc n cht: A. Gim dn. B. Tng dn. C. Khng i. D. Khng c quy lut chung. Cu5: Phng trnh no sau y l sai: A. Cl2 + 2 NaBr 2 NaCl + Br2 B. Cl2 + 2 NaI 2 NaCl + I2 C. I2 + 2 NaBr 2 NaI + Br2 D. Br2 + 2 NaI 2 NaBr + I2