Phng php xc nh dng chun

Ch xt cc ph thuc hm vi phm ( Vi phm khi v tri khng phi l kha ) V C tham gia vo kha Vi phm dng chun Phi Tri C Khng C BC 3 2

Xt v phi trc nh ri ti v tri V d :Xt lc quan h <R,F>,vi R = MTGAHDL v F = { H D, M T, MA G, MH L} Ta c kha l HMA Xt cc ph thuc hm vi phm ( c v tri khng phi l kha ) H -> D vi phm dng chun 2 ( v thuc tnh v tri H c tham gia vo kha ) M->T vi phm dng chun 2 MA -> G vi phm dng chun 2 MH -> L vi phm dng chun 2 -> lc quan h trn vi phm dng chun 2 v t dng chun 1.

cch tm dng chun phn tch tng bc theo thut ton ca thy n, cng d hiu:
Cho lc < R, F >, vi R = ABCDE, F ={AB CD, D C , AC EB, AE B }. Hy

Xc nh dng chun ca < R, F > . Xc nh dng chun Bc 1: Mun xc nh dng chun th u tin phi tm kha

- Tm cc thuc tnh nm hon ton bn tri ca f thuc hm. Nhng thuc tnh ny chc chn s nm trong kha: A - Tm cc thuc tnh nm bn tri v bn phi. Nhng thuc tnh ny c kh nng nm trong kha nu thuc tnh hon ton nm bn tri khng bao ng c ton b cc thuc tnh: B,C,D,E - Tm nhng thuc tnh nm hon ton bn phi. Ta s loi nhng thuc tnh ny v n s ko bao gi tham gia vo kha. lc ny ko c - Trc tin ta s xt bao ng ca A. Nu A c th bao ng ton b cc thuc tnh khc th A s l kha v ko cn xt thm na - A+: ta thy A ko bao ng c cc thuc tnh khc v trong f thuc hm n fi kt hp vi 1 thuc tnh khc mi suy ra thuc tnh khc c fi kt hp A vi cc thuc tnh B,C,D,E - AB+ : ABCDE AB l 1 kha. Khi ta ko cn phi xt thm ABC hay ABD na. Nu AB ko l kha th fi tip tc xt ABC, ABD v..v.. V kha l tp thuc tnh nh nht c th bao ng ton b cc thuc tnh khc - AC+ : ACEBD AC l 1 kha (tng t nh trn ) - AD+: ADCEB AD l 1 kha (tng t nh trn )

- AE+: AEBCD AE l 1 kha (tng t nh trn)

tt c cc kha ca R l AB, AC,AD,AE

Bc 2: Xc nh dng chun AB CD DC BC DC 3 DC 2 R t chun 3 L gii: xt dng chun th phi xt t dc cao nht xung nu ko tha dc cao nht th mi xt tip dc thp hn. tha dc bc th v tri phi l siu kha ( y l AB, AC,AD,AE) nh vy c 3 f thuc hm t dc BC tha dc 3 th v tri l siu kha (ngha l t dc BC ri) hoc v phi c thuc tnh nm trong kha. y ta thy C l thuc tnh nm trong kha D C tha chun 3 n y ta ko cn xt. V ly dc ca R th n s l dc thp nht trogn tt c dc m f thuc hm t c Gii thch thm: tha dc 2 th v tri l siu kha( nh trn) hoc v tri ko nm trong kha. Tt nhin l n ko tha dc 3 ri mi xt n dc 2. Ok DC Ko ok ok AC EB Ok AE B ok

Mi lm c 1 b kp v cch tm ph ti tiu, cc bc xem tham kho nha:

- Bc1: phn r VPhai: tc tch ht cc v phi cn 1 thuc tnh vd: ta c a->bc, tch thnh a->b v a->c - Bc2: rt gn Vtrai = cch loi b thuc tnh d tha bn v tri vd: ta c ab->c, ta tnh a+, b+ . Nu a+ =ac -> PTH ny thnh a->c (b d tha.. nn b b) 3

- Bc3: rt gn PTH = cch loi b PTH d vd: phn ny kh gthich we'... ni chung nhn bn Vphai thy n c nhiu g i th ta xt.. c b c ng no hem..?? 1) V BTTT: tc l bn th DLieu vo (ci ny hm bit ghi bc ra seo... thui bn rng coi ci v d 6.3, trang 158 nh) 2) V BTPT: tc xt cc PTH trn cc lc con...ci ny cng hm bit ghi cc bc ra seo... nu bn ca th tham gia hc nhm th mnh ca th ch.. ch bo vit trnh t th hi kh... 3) V Chun ha: ca 2 phng php a) Tip cn phn r: (trang.61) - tm tp kha. - r theo vi phm. b) tip cn tng hp (tr. 163) - tm ph ti tiu - ghi li cc lc con (y l cch gthich of mnh cho d hiu, cn trong sch ghi l: Pht sinh) - tc l t cc PTH of ph ti tiu.. bn ghi ra cc lc con - nhm: cc lc c kha tng ng nhau th nhm li.. (nu cn) - b sung: cc thuc tnh thiu (nu cn).