Ly Thuet Xep Hang Va Ung Dung

Tngquan
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Trongcchthngdchv,chthphcv(server)lnlt
phcvccitngsdngdchv.Slngchthc
thnhiuhn1
Vd:
Cchthnginthoi:khislnglnkhchhng
quaysktninmttrongnhngngra
huhncatngi.
Trongmngmytnh:khimgitincchuynt
nguntichviquamtslngccnttrung
gian.Hthnghngixuthintimintqu
trnhlutmthngtintibm.
2007CopyrightbyPhamVanTien
Page:1
ngdng
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Mngvinthng
Kimsotlulnggiaothng
nhgihiunnghthngmytnh
Ytvchmscsckhe
Khnglu,bnv
Dytruynsnxut
Page:2
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Lthuytxphngvngdng
Page:3
Minhha
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Monitoringqueue...
Page:4
ihcBchKhoa
Tngquan
KhoaintVinthng
Hngi
S kinn
Server
S kini
Page:5
Tngquan
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Page:6
ihcBchKhoa
Mnghngim
KhoaintVinthng
Page:7
ihcBchKhoa
Mnghnging
KhoaintVinthng
Page:8
Minhha
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Omnet++
Page:9
Xphngtrongmngvinthng
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Cthxemxtmngvinthngnhmttphpcc
hngi
CutrcdliutheokiuFIFO
Lthuytxphngsgiptnhtonccthams
nh:
Chiuditrungbnh
Thigianitrungbnh
Xcxutmthngicchiudino
Xcsutmtgi
Page:10
ctrngcahngi
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Hthngcbaonhiuserver?Tcphcvcacc
serverny?
Cbaonhiuvtritronghngi?
Cbtkquytcnibcbitnokhng(yucu
dchv,mcutin,hthngcnrikhng)?
Miutcatintrnhn(phnbkhongthigian
n)
Miutcatintrnhphcv(phnbthigianphc
Page:11
ihcBchKhoa
ctrngcahngi
KhoaintVinthng
Quytcphcv(FCFS,LCFS,RANDOM)
Thigianri(phnbthigianri)
Mcutin
Hngi
S kinn
Server
S kini
Page:12
Phntchhthnghngi
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Phntchgiitch
Qutrnhmphng
Chaiphngphptrn
Page:13
Ktquphntch
(vphakhchhng)
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Thigianxphng(trhngi)
Tngtr(baogmtrhngivtrphcv)
Slngkhchhngtronghngi
Slngkhchhngtronghthng(gmkhchhng
chvkhchhngangcphcv)
Xcsutnghnmng(khikchthcbmhuhn)
Xcsutchphcv
Page:14
Ktquphntch
vphahngiphcv
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Khnngsdngserver
Khnngsdngbm
Lichthuc(thngsdchvvccxemxtv
kinht)
Lichbmt(thngsdchvvccxemxtvkinh
t)
Page:15
Phntchhngi
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
MtServer
S nvitc
trungbnh
S i
Svtrtronghngi
lvhn
tcntrungbnh,thigianntrungbnh1/
tcphcvtrungbnh,thigianphcvtrungbnh1/
Vikchthccabmlvhn,quytcphcvlFCFS
Page:16
ihcBchKhoa
Phntchhngi
KhoaintVinthng
Ccs n
S kinA
t
t
S kinB
t
S kinC
t
Page:17
Phntchhngi
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
SkinA:c1sntrong t
SkinB:khngcsnnotrongt
SkinC:cnhiuhn1sntrong t
0 .Nhvytasc:
Gisrng t
Pr{A}=t
Pr{B}=1
GithitPr{C}=0
SlngskinntuntheophnbPoisson
Page:18
Phntchhngi
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
nhnghalutphnbPoisson*
e n
P (N = n) =
(n = 0,1,2,...)
n!
ngthi,khongthigiann(ctnhgiahais
nlintip)tuntheolutphnbm*vithams
a(t)=e t
(*)TrongMSExcelchmPOISSONvhm
EXPONDIST
Page:19
Phntchhngi
Ccs i
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
S kinA
t
S kinB
t
S kinC
t
Page:20
Phntchhngi
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
SkinA:c1skinitrongt
SkinB:khngcskininotrong t
SkinC:cnhiuhn1skinitrongt
Gisrng t0.Nhvytasc:
Pr{A}=t
Pr{B}=1t
Dlskinca1hocnhiusnANDviskin
Page:21
ihcBchKhoa
Phntchhngi
KhoaintVinthng
nhnghapN(t)lxcxutmhthngcN
khchhngtithiimt
Khic:
p0(t+ t)=p0(t)(1 t)+p
pN(t+ t)=pN(t)(1
(t) t,N=0
t t)+pN1(t)
t+
pN+1(t)t,N >0
thiimt+t cNkhchhnhnutcNkhchhngv
khngcsn/si...
Page:22
Phntchhngi
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Tsuyra:
dp0 (t )
= p0 (t ) + p1 (t ), N = 0
dt
dpN (t )
= ( + ) pN (t ) + pN 1 (t ) + pN + 1 (t ), N > 0
dt
Page:23
Phntchhngi
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
iukinnnh,khit,tac
dp 0 (t )
= 0, N = 0
dt
dp N (t )
= 0, N > 0
dt
p0(t)=p0,viN=0
Hay:
pN(t)=pN,viN>0
Tclxcxuththngrivomttrngthino
khngphthucthigianna...
Page:24
ihcBchKhoa
Phntchhngi
KhoaintVinthng
Hphngtrnhviphntrthnh(t
p1=p
= /<1):
pN+1(t)=(1+)p
pN1=p
N
=
N
N+1
p0,N>0
Theoiukinphnbchun:
p (t ) = 1, t 0
Suyra:
pi=
(1 ),i=0,1,
Page:25
Slngkhchhngtrungbnh
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Xttrongmtkhongthigianln,slngkhch
hnglutronghthngctnhtheocngthc:
E[ N ] = ipi = i (1 ) =
1
i= 0
i= 0
*chngminh,tchthnh2tngrithayth
i+1sangirtgn...
Page:26
Slngtrungbnh
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Slngkhchhnglutronghngictnhbng:
2
E[ NQ ] = (i 1) pi = ipi pi = (1 p0 ) = =
1
1
1
i= 1
i= 1
i= 1
*Tngxutphtti=1,nghalcngthcch
ngkhictnhtmtkhchhngtrongh
thng
Page:27
ihcBchKhoa
Thigiantrungbnh
KhoaintVinthng
Thigianmtkhchhnglulitronghthngbao
gm:
Thigianchxphng
Thigianphcv
Hngi
S kinn
Server
S kini
Page:28
ihcBchKhoa
Thigiantrungbnh
KhoaintVinthng
Githit:
Hthngtrngthinnhtc
QuytcphcvlFCFS
Hngi
S kinn
Server
S kini
Page:29
ihcBchKhoa
Thigiantrungbnh
KhoaintVinthng
Tngthigianlutronghthng:
k
1
k+1
1
E[ W ] = pk + pk = pk =
(1 )
k= 0
k= 0
k= 0
Page:30
ihcBchKhoa
Thigiantrungbnh
KhoaintVinthng
Tngthichtronghngi:
E WQ = pk =
k =0
(1 )
1
1
1
E WQ = E[ W ] =
=
(1 ) (1 )
[ ]
Page:31
Xcsutkhchhngphii
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Skinmtkhchhngnphiichnhlkhitrong
hthngctnht1khchhng:
Pwait=1p 0=
ycngchnhlxcsuththngtrngthibnPbusy
Page:32
TintrnhimvtnhchtMarkov
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Tnhdng(stationarytime).Dintincaccskintrongmt
khongthigiankhngphthucvothiimbtuquanst.
Xcsutmkcucgintrongkhongthigian[t1,t1+t2]l
clpvit1,nghalvimit,ktac:
p{ ( N t1+ t 2 N t1) = k } = p{ ( N t1+ t 2+ t N t1+ t ) = k }

Tnhclp(independence)haycngiltnhkhngnh.Trng
thitiptheochphthucvotrngthihinti,nhngclp
vivicnccnhthno.ychnhlctnhcatin
trnhMarkov
p{ ( N t 2 Nt1) = k | Nt1 Nt 0 = n} = p{ ( Nt 2 Nt1) = k }

Page:33
TintrnhimvtnhchtMarkov
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Tnhun(regularity).Xcsutxyravinhiuhnmts
kincngmtthiimbngkhng:
p{ ( N t + t N t ) 2} = o( t ), khi : t 0, o( t ) 0
Mtvdinhnhcatintrnhimltintrnhtuntheolut
Poisson.XcsutckskintrongkhongthigianT:
(
T ) k e T
p(k ) =
k!
Phnbchun:
Kvng:
p (k ) = 1
k =0
E (k ) =
kp(k ) = T
k =0
Page:34
nhlLittle
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Tnhtrungbnh,slngkhchhngnmtronghthng
ctnhbngtchcatcnvthigianphcv
Khiu:
N(t):slngkhchhngnmtronghthngtithiimt
:slngkhchhngnhthngkhongthigian(0,t)
t
:slngkhchhngrikhihthngtrong(0,t)
:thigianchimdngcakhchhngi
T
i
Page:35
ihcBchKhoa
nhlLittle
KhoaintVinthng
(t)
N(t)
Ti
(t)
T1
T2
ngthcsauyngv2vubiudindintchphnmu
t
xanh:
t
N t = T i
i =1
Tngngvi:
t
1
t
N t =
t
t
Ti
i=1
dpcm
Page:36
Qutrnhsinht
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
i ,i
Trongltcskinnvixttitrngthii
Vimththngdngvnnhthtngccdngivomt
trngthibngtngccdngira
Page:37
Ccmhnhhngi:khiukendal
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Khiutngqutchomththnghngi:
A/S/c/B/R/SD
A:mttintrnhn,thngquantmnkhongthigiangia
hailnnlintip:
M:Tintrnhm(ltintrnhMarkovhaytintrnhkhng
nh).Tctrngthitiptheochphthucvotrngthihin
ti,nhngclpvivicnccnhthno
Er:TintrnhErlangbcr
Hr:Tintrnhsiusmbcr
D:Tintrnhttnh(deterministic)
Page:38
Ccmhnhhngi:khiukendal
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
S:mttintrnhphcv,thngquantmnkhongthi
giancnthitphcvmisn.Cngcthtuntheo1s
lutnhivitintrnhn
c:Slngserver
B:Kchthcbm.ikhikhiunybaogmcskin
angcphcv
R:Sngunphtraskin.NuccngunltintrnhMarkov
thtnghpcachngcngl1tintrnhMarkovvi:
= i
SD:Quytcphcv
Vd:M/M/c/
Page:39
ihcBchKhoa
HngiM/M/1/
...
KhoaintVinthng
i1
i+1
TintrnhnvtintrnhphcvcthuctnhMarkov.Thi
giangiahailnnvthigianphcvtuntheophnbm
Hthngc1server,dunglngmlvhn
Mtlulng:
Slngkhchhngtrungbnhtronghthng:
Slngkhchhngtrungbnhtrongserver:
L s=PN1=1PN=0=11=
L=
Page:40
ihcBchKhoa
HngiM/M/1/
KhoaintVinthng
Slngkhchhngtrungbnhtronghngi:
L q=LL s =
Thigiantrungbnhlutronghthngcamikhchhng:
L
1
W= =
=
1
1
W
=
Thigianphcvtrungbnhchomikhchhng: s =
2
Thigianitrungbnh: W q =WW s=
1
Page:41
HngiM/M/1/
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Vd:mtlungginmtthitbchuynmchgi
vitctrungbnhl240pps.Chiudigitrungbnh
l100byte.Tccadngsural500byte/s.Gi
thitdunglngmlln.Hytnhthigiantr
trungbnhtihthng,sbntintrungbnhtrongmi
hthng,chiudihngivthigianitrungbnh.
Page:42
ihcBchKhoa
HngiM/M/1/
Tcn:
KhoaintVinthng
240
=
=4
60
Thigianphcvtrungbnh:
Mtlulng:
500
=
=5
100
4
= = 0 .8
5
0.8
=
=4
SbntintronghthngL: 1 1 0.8
L
4
= =1
Thigiantronghthng: 4
2 0,8.0,8
Chiudihngi: 1 = 1 0,8 = 3,2
Lq 3,2
2
= =
= 0,8
Thigianitrungbnh:
(1 ) 4
Page:43
HngiM/M/1/K
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
p0 = p1
pn 1 + pn +1 = ( + ) pn ; n {1,..., K 1}
p = p ; n = K
K 1
K
*Kbaogmkhchhngangcphcv
Page:44
ihcBchKhoa
HngiM/M/1/K
p n = p0 ; n {0, K }
n
Do:
Mtkhc,cngc:
Nn:
p0 =
v:
KhoaintVinthng
1
K
p
n =0
=1
1
=
1 K +1
n= 0
1
n
pn =
K +1
1
Page:45
ihcBchKhoa
HngiM/M/1/K
KhoaintVinthng
Xcsutmtyucubtchi:
Ploss
1
K
= pK =
1 K +1
Sskintrungbnhlutronghthng:
K
1
n
N = np n =
K +1
1
n =1
n =1
K
K +1
1
f ( ) = n =
1
n= 0
K
K
K +1
1
(
K
+
1
)
+
K
f ( ) = n n 1 =
2
(
1
)
n=1
K
Cuicng:
K +1
N =
( K +1)
1
1 K +1
Page:46
ihcBchKhoa
HngiM/M/1/K
KhoaintVinthng
p n = p0
1
Khi:th:v:
Mtkhc,cngc:
Suyra:
p
n =0
=1
1
pn =
K +1
K
N = np n =
2
n =1
K
Sskintrungbnhtronghngi:
K
n=1
n =1
n=1
N q = (n 1) pn = npn pn = N (1 p0 )
Hay:
1
( K + 1) K +1
Nq =
+
1
1 K +1
Page:47
HngiM/M/1/K
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Thigianitrungbnhctnh:
1 1
1 1 k
E W q =
[ E N kp k ]=
[ kp k ]
1 p
1 p 2
k
k
Thigianlutronghthngtrungbnh:
E N k
E W=
=
Page:48
HngiM/G/1/
TintrnhnMarkov,thams
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Tintrnhphcvlbtk
Chiudihngikhnggiihn
Sskintrungbnhtronghthng:
2 2 2 2y
2 2 2y
EN =
=
1
21
21
1
y=
Tronglphngsaicabinngunhin
2
y
Thigiantrungbnhlulitronghthng:
2
1 y
N
E W=
=E
2
2 1
Page:49
HngiM/D/1/
TintrnhnMarkov,thams
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Tintrnhphcvlbtbin,tc=0
y
T(1)v(2)tronghngiM/G/1suyrasskin:
2
2
E N D =E N y=0 =
2 1
Sskintrungbnhtronghngi:
2
E N q D=E N =
2 1
Thigiantrungbnhlulitronghthng:
EN
2
E W D=
=
2 1
Page:50
HngiM/D/1/
Thigianitrungbnh:
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
E W q D =E W =
2 1
Page:51
HngiM/M/c/
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Tcncaccskinl
i
Tcphcvcaccserverlvii=1,2,...,c.n
gin,githit 1 =2=3=...=c =
=
Mtlulng:
c
Githitthtphcvcaccserverlt1,2,3,...,c
Trongssinht?
Page:52
HngiM/M/c/0
HngiM/M/c/
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Hphngtrnhcnbngchuynitrngthi:
p0 = p1
pn 1 + ( n +1) pn +1 = ( + n) pn ; n {1,..., c 1}
pn 1 + cpn +1 = ( + c) pn ; n > c 1
pn =1
n =0
Page:53
HngiM/M/c/
a=
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
= c
Xcsutcnskintronghthng
1 n
p n = a p0
vin<c
n!
a c n c
p n = p0
c!
vin>=c
TngtnhhngiM/M/1/tac:
c
1
a
p0 = [ a n +
]1
n! c!(1 )
n =0
c 1
Page:54
ihcBchKhoa
HngiM/M/c/
KhoaintVinthng
Xcsutmtyucuphii(cngthcErlangC):
c1
p0 a c
p{Wq>0}=p{N>=c}=pq==
1 p n
c!(1 )
n=0
Hay:
a
a
n 1
1
pq =
[ a
+
]
c!(1 ) n =0 n! c!(1 )
c
c 1
Page:55
ihcBchKhoa
HngiM/M/c/
KhoaintVinthng
Chiudihngitrungbnh:
EN q = nc p n=
n=c
pq
Syucuangcphcvtrungbnh:
c
EN s = n p n c p n= =a
n=0
n=c1
Xcsutthigianikhnglnhngitrtl:
P{W qt }=1p q e
cat
Page:56
HngiM/M/c/
Thigianitrungbnh:
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
1
1 1
EW q = EN q =
pq
c 1
Syucutrungbnhtronghthng:
E N =E N q EN s =
pq a
1
Thigianlulitrungbnhtronghthng:
1
EW= EN
Page:57
ihcBchKhoa
HngiM/M/c/0
Tcncaccskinl
KhoaintVinthng
i
Tcphcvcaccserverlvii=1,2,...,c.n
gin,githit 1 = 2 = 3 = ... = c =
Githitthtphcvcaccserverlt1,2,3,...,c
Squtrnhsinht?
Page:58
HngiM/M/c/0
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Hphngtrnhcnbngchuynitrngthi:
p0 = p1
pn 1 + ( n +1) pn +1 = ( + n) pn ; n {1,..., c 1}
pc 1 = cpc ;
pn =1
n =0
Page:59
HngiM/M/c/0
a=
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
= c
Xcsutcnskintronghthng
1 n
vin<=c
p n = a p0
n!
Xcsutmtyucunonbtchi
c c i 1
pc =
[ ]
c! i =0 i!
ychnhlcngthcErlangeB
Page:60
CngthcErlang
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
CngthcErlangCchobitxcsutmtyucunphich
tronghngi:
c 1
ac
ac
n 1
pq =
[a
+
]1
c!(1 ) n =0
n! c!(1 )
Xcsutmtyucuphichtrongkhongthigianttrc
khicphcv:
P{Wq t} = 1 pq e ( c a ) t
CngthcErlangBchobitxcsutmtyucunbtchi
phcvngay:
c c i 1
pc =
[ ]
c! i =0 i!
Page:61
Cnglulng
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Lulngphtsinhtmtngidng(thigianchimdngH)
Au = u .H
Lulngphtsinhtngcngtnhiunguntnghpli:
A = .H
Ac
Lulngmang(khngvtqusknh)lgitrlulng
thctcphcv
Lulngtnthtlhiusgialulngphtsinhvlulng
mang
Al = A Ac
nvolulnglErlang,thngtnhtheogi
Page:62
Cnglulng
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Vd:mtngidngctcphtsinhcucgil3cuc/gi,
thigianchimknhtrungbnhl10pht.Vytiphtsinht
ngidngnyl(30x10)/60=0,5Er
Nuc100ngidngnhvythlulngphtsinhtngcng?
A = .H = 100 x0,5 = 50 Er
Page:63
Bcphcv(GoS)
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Hthngkhnghngi(M/M/c/0)(blockedcallscleared):
Cucnibtchikhittcccknhphcvubn
GoScnhgiquacngthcErlangB
Ac c Ai 1
p(blocking ) =
[ ]
c! i =0 i!
Page:64
ihcBchKhoa
GradeofService(GoS)
Bcphcv(GoS)
KhoaintVinthng
HthngchngiM/M/c/(blockedcallsdelayed)
GoSctnhbngxcsutmtcucgiphichluhnmt
khongthigianchno
SdngcngthcErlangCnhgi
p (delay > 0) =
Ac
1
A + c!(1 A / c) A
n!
n =0
c
p (delay > t ) = p(delay > t )e
c 1
c A
t
H
Page:65
Cnglulng
Bcphcv(GoS)
ihcBchKhoa
KhoaintVinthng
Vd:Chohthngtrctccucgil20cuc/gi,thigian
chimknhmicucl6pht,sknhphcvl3.Tnhlu
lngphtsinh.Xcsutmtmtcucgiphivohng
i,xcsutcphcvngaylbaonhiu?
S:4/9
Page:66
Bcphcv(GoS)
S:4/9
ihcBchKhoa
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Ly Thuet Xep Hang Va Ung Dung

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Ly Thuet Xep Hang Va Ung Dung

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Tngquan

p{ ( N t1+ t 2 N t1) = k } = p{ ( N t1+ t 2+ t N t1+ t ) = k }

p{ ( N t 2 Nt1) = k | Nt1 Nt 0 = n} = p{ ( Nt 2 Nt1) = k }

p (delay > t ) = p(delay > t )e

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