CHT KHNG TN TI HOC B THU PHN TRONG NC

BaS + H 2 O Ba (OH ) 2 + H 2 S (MgS, CaS, Al 2 S3 )O AgOH Ag 2 O + H 2 O AgCl as Ag + Cl 2 (AgI, AgBr) Hg(OH) 4Fe(OH)
2 2

HgO + H 2 O + O 2 + 2H 2 O 4Fe(OH)
3

ZnCO 3 Zn (OH ) 2 + CO 2 (Fe 2 (CO 3 ) 3 , Al 2 (CO 3 ) 2 ) CuCO 3 + H 2 O Cu (OH ) 2 + CO 2 Cu (OH ) 2 + CuCO 3 CuCO 3 .Cu (OH ) 2 hay (CuOH) 2 CO 3

NHIT PHN MUI NITRAT 1. Nhit phn mui nitrat ca kim loi mnh (M > Mg)
M(NO 3 )n t M(NO 2 )n + NaNO 3 t NaNO 2 +
o o o

n O2 2

1 O2 2

* 2 Ba(NO 3 )2 t 2 BaO + 4 NO 2 + O 2

2. Nhit phn mui nitrat ca kim loi trung bnh (Mg M Cu)
M(NO 3 )n t M + nNO 2 +
o o

n O2 2

Cu(NO 3 )2 t CuO + 4 NO 2 + O 2

3. Nhit phn mui nitrat ca kim loi yu (M Cu)

M(NO 3 )n t M 2 On + 2nNO 2 + AgNO 3 t Ag + NO +
o o

n O2 2

1 O2 2

8M + 0 n N 1 HO r t ag alo n 1 M +2 n N 0 1 HO lo n ag 8M + 0 n N 1 HO lo n ag 3M + n N 4 HO lo n ag M + nN 2 HO d ma a dc

to ( O 8M N

PHNG TRNH PHAN UNG TONG

) +N nH 3 n 4 N O 3 + n 3 H 2 O

2 M +2n C Hl xM + yH

Ml 2 C

+n H

to MO 1 0 ( N

) +N n 6n + H O 3 n 2 2

to ( O 8M N

) + N O 5n n + H O 3 n 2 2 ) +N nO 3 n 2n + H O

to M O 3 ( N

to ( O M N

) +N nO n +H O 3 n 2 2 ) +N O n O n +N 3 n 2 7n + H O

1 M +4 n N 1 1 HO lo n ag

to MO 1 1 ( N

2y S O M (S O ) + yH (n = ) 2 4 x 4 y 2 x lo n ag to 4 xM +5 yH S O M (S 4 O ) + yH S + yH O 4 2 4 x 4 y 2 2 h id c o a to 3 xM +4 yH S O M (S 3 O ) + yS + yH O 4 2 4 x 4 y 2 dc a to xM +2 yH S O M (S O ) + yS O + yH O 2 2 4 x 4 y 2 2 d ma a dc
2

QUAT CUA KL M VOI AXIT

NGUYN T
Cu 1: Tng s ht proton v ntron ca mt nguyn t l 21. Xc nh nguyn t . Cu 2: Mt hp cht MX c tng s ht p, n, e l 86 ht. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 26 ht. S khi ca X ln hn s khi ca M l 12. Tng s cc ht trong X nhiu hn trong M l 18. Xc nh M v X

2 Cu 3: Mt hp cht c to thnh t cc ion M+ v X 2 . Trong phn t M2X2 c tng s ht khng mang in l 52. S khi ca M ln hn s khi ca X l 23u. Tng s ht p, n, e trong ion M+ 2 nhiu hn trong ion X 2 l 7 ht. Xc nh M v X.

Cu 4: Mt n cht ion cu to t M+ v X2-. Tng s ht p, n, e trong phn t l 140 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi M+ ln hn s khi ion X2- l 23. Tng s ht p, n, e trong M+ nhiu hn trong X2- l 31 ht. Xc nh M v X Cu 5: C hai kim loi X v Y, tng s ht p, n, e trong c hai nguyn t X v Y l 122 ht. Nguyn t Y c s ntron nhiu hn trong nguyn t X l 16 ht v s proton trong X ch bng mt na proton ca Y. S khi ca X b hn Y l 29. Xc nh X v Y Cu 6: C hp cht MX3. Trong : Tng s ht p, n, e l 196. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60 S khi ca X ln hn ca M l 8 Tng s ba loi ht trn trong ion X- nhiu hn trong ion M3+ l 16 Xc nh A v B Cu 7: Mt hp cht B v c c to nn t ion M3+ v ion X-. Tng s ht trong hp cht trn l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Nguyn t khi ca X ln hn nguyn t khi ca M l 8. Tng s ht trong ion X- nhiu hn tng s ht trong ion M3+ l 16. Xc nh B. Cu 8: Phn t X c cng thc abc. Tng s ht mang in v khng mang in trong phn t X l 82. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22, hiu s kh gia b v c gp 10 ln s khi ca a, tng s khi ca b v c gp 27 ln s khi ca a. Tm CTPT ng ca X Cu 9: X c hai ng v X1 v X2. Tng s ht khng mang in trong X1 v X2 l 90. Nu cho 1.2g Y tc dng vi mt lng va th c 5.994g hp cht YX2. Bit t l gia s nguyn t X1 v X2 bng 605: 495. Tnh M x v s khi X1, X2. Cu 10: Ba nguyn t X, Y, Z trong cng mt chu k c tng s hiu nguyn t l 39. S hiu ca nguyn t Y bng trung bnh cng s hiu ca nguyn t X v Z. Nguyn t ca ba nguyn t ny hu nh khng phn ng vi H2O iu kin thng. Xc nh X, Y, Z. Cu 11: A v B l hai nguyn t cng mt phn nhm thuc hai chu k lin tip trong h thng tun hon. Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn nguyn t l 23. Xc nh A v B Cu 12: Mt hp cht X to bi 2 nguyn t A v B c khi lng phn t 76vC. A v B c ho tr dng cao nht trong oxit l nO v mO, v c ho tr m trong hp cht vi hidro l nH v mH tho mn iu kin: |nO| + |mO| = 0; |mO| = 3|mH|. Lp CTPT X Cu 13: Hai nguyn t A v B hai PNC lin tip trong bng HTTH. B thuc nhm V. trng thi n cht A v B khng phn ng vi nhau Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn nguyn t l 23. Xc nh A v B. Vit phng trnh iu ch hai axit trong A v B c s oxi ho dng cao nht. Cu 14: Tng s electron trong anion bng s ntron. Xc nh A v B
2 AB 3

l 42. Trong ht nhn ca A cng nh B c s proton

Cu 15: Mt hp cht M c to thnh t cation X+ v anion Y2-. Mi ion u do 5 nguyn t ca hai nguyn t to nn. Tng s proton trong X+ l 11 cn tng s eletron trong Y2- l 50. Bit rng hai nguyn t trong Y2- thuc PNC v hai chu k lin tip. Xc nh M.

Cu 16: Mt hp cht A to thnh cc ion X+ v Y2-. Trong ion X+ c 5 ht nhn ca 2 nguyn t v c 10 electron. Trong ion Y2- c 4 ht nhn thuc hai nguyn t trong cng mt chu k v ng cch nhau mt trong bng HTTH. Tng s electron trong Y2- l 32. Xc nh A Cu 17: Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t X, Y, Z c cc c im sau: X: electron cui cng c cc s lng t n = 3, l = 1, m = -1, ms = -1/2 Y: trng thi c bn ch c 1 electron c thn, electron ny c cc s lng t n = 3, l = 1, m = +1, ms = -1/2 Z: electron cui cng c cc s lng t n = 2, l = 1, m = -1, ms = -1/2 Xc nh X, Y, Z. Quy c t -l n +l) Cu 18: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron cui cng ng vi 4 s lng t n = 3, l = 1, m = 0, ms = -1/2. Hai nguyn t E, G vi ZE < ZG < ZX (Z l in tch ht nhn). Bit rng: - Tch s ZE.ZG.ZX = 952 - T s (ZE + ZX)/ZG = 3 Xc nh E, G, X Cu 19: Cho hai nguyn t A v B ng k tip nhau trong bng HTTH c tng s lng t (n + l) bng nhau, trong s lng t chnh ca A ln hn ca B. Tng i s ca bn s lng t ca electron cui cng ca nguyn t B l 5.5. Xc nh 4 s lng t ca electron cui ca A v B. Cu 20: Nguyn t ca nguyn t phi kim A c electron cui cng c 4 s lng t tho mn m + l = 0 v n + ms = 1.5 (Quy c m c gi tr t thp n cao). Ion A3B2- v A3C2- ln lt c 42 electron v 32 electron. Xc nh A, B, C. Cu 21: Phi kim R c electron cui cng ng vi 4 s lng t c tng i s bng 2.5. Xc nh R Cu 22: X l nguyn t thuc PNC, hp cht vi hydro c dng XH3. Electrong cui cng c tng 4 s lng t bng 4.5 (Quy c t -l n +l). Vit cu hnh electron c th ca X