Batch File (.bat .

cmd) Khi nim, cu trc v cc ng dng gh0st0nline | 1/20/2010 05:55:00 AM | Hardware , thuthuat , Tutorial

bi vit trc chng ta cng xem xt v khi nim Batch File v lc qua mt s lnh c bn ca dng File ny. Trong phn tip theo ny chng ta s i su mt cht v vn lp trnh trong Batch File. y ch l nhng cu trc lnh n gin dnh cho Newbie. Hy vng vi n cc bn s gii quyt c nhiu vn thng gp mt cch d dng v thun tin hn. Li khuyn cho Newbie trc khi c bi vit ny vn l cc bn nn tham kho thm cun Ebook Lnh DOS trong Windows do Trn Quang Hi bin son v s dng cng c Dr.Batcher thay cho Notepad son tho Batch File. Khi nm vng kin thc v cc lnh ca DOS bn mi c khai thc ht sc mnh ca Batch File v vi Dr.Batcher, bn ko phi g tng lnh na m c h tr hon ton.

3. Lp trnh n gin trong BatCh File: 3.1. Lnh iu khin vng lp (For): FOR %%Bin IN (Tp_hp) DO Lnh_cn_lm Lnh ny c ngha l mt Bin s ln lt nhn cc gi tr trong Tp_hp thc hin cc Lnh_cn_lm. V d: FOR %%i IN (D,E,F) DO COPY vnnewbies.cmd %%i Vi lnh ny bin i s ln lt nhn cc gi tr D, E , F t d s thc hin lnh copy tp vnnewbies.cmd sang th mc gc ca cc phn vng C, D, F.

3.2. Php kim tra iu kin hay php r nhnh (If): y l lnh gip bn thc hin tng lnh khc nhau ty vo tng iu kin khc nhau. Php th c 3 kiu: If [not] exist: Kim tra s tn ti If [not] Chui1 = = Chui2 : So snh 2 chui tin hnh cng vic If [not] errorlevel # : Nu c li mc # th thc hin cng vic +) Vi errorlevel 0 l khng c li trong qu trnh thc hin +) Vi errorlevel 1 l c li xy ra [not] l thnh phn ty chn gip bn ph nh iu kin ng sau n. Tng t nh bng mt gi tr no hoc khng bng. V d: y mnh s ly mt v d v trng hp 1 v 3, cn trng hp bn c th xem thm ng dng di. @echo off echo. FOR %%i IN (D,E,F) DO COPY vnnewbies.cmd %%i: echo. rem Kim tra xem c li hay khng. Nu c s a ra thng bo IF errorlevel 1 Echo Co loi xay ra o buoc nay echo. echo Noi dung file vnnewbies.cmd: echo. rem Kim tra xem c tn ti tp tin vnnewbies.cmd trn phn vng D khng? Nu c th thc hin chy n. IF exist D:vnnewbies.cmd CALL D:vnnewbies.cmd PAUSE 3.3. Lnh bc nhy (GoTo): Lnh ny gip chng ta b qua mt on lnh no di chuyn ti v tr mi. Thng thng ngi ta kt hp lnh ny vi cu trc r nhnh cp pha trn (If) thc hin cc vic khc nhau cho cc iu kin khc nhau. V d: ECHO Chon Y - Neu dong y ECHO Chon N - Neu ko dong y set /p chon= Lua chon cua ban la: if %chon% == Y goto ok if %chon% == N goto exit goto exit :ok call vnnewbies.cmd ECHO. :exit ECHO Cam on ban da su dung chuong trinh

Vi cu trc ny nu bn nhp vo Y th Batch File s chuyn ti on lnh bt u bng :ok v v ngc li. 3.4. Tham s hnh thc (%0 %1 ): N ch c gi tr khi bn truyn gi tr cho n. Hy ly mt v d n gin cc bn d hiu. Vi Batch File c tn vnnewbie.bat vi ni dung nh v d phn 3.1: FOR %%i IN (D,E,F) DO COPY %0 %%i: Khi chng ta nhp lnh trn ca s DOS: vnnewbie vnnewbies.cmd th Batch File trn s t ng nhn gi tr vnnewbies.cmd thay vo tham s hnh thc ca n. Lc ny file vnnewbie.bat s chy vi ni dung: FOR %%i IN (D,E,F) DO COPY vnnewbies.cmd %%i y tuy ch l nhng cu trc c bn ca Batch File nhng vi n bn c th d dng lm c rt nhiu vic phc tp mt cch n gin hn rt nhiu. Phn tip theo chng ta s nghin cu 1 cht v file autoexec.bat. Mt Batch File c bit ca h iu hnh DOS v mt s ng dng hu ch ca n. Hy ng gp kin ca mnh bi vit thm phong ph bn nh.