Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 3 tp cha kha

vng gii nhanh ha hc.

Cha kho vng 21:

GiI nhanh bi ton hirocacbon.
Cu 1: (H KA-2008) un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi xc tc Ni, sau
mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom
(d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so vi O 2 l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch
brom tng l:
A. 1,04 gam.
B. 1,32 gam. C. 1,64 gam. D. 1,20 gam.
Bi gii:
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:
0,06.26+ 0,04. 2= m + 0,02.16 m =1,32 gam. Vy B ng.
Cu 2: (H KA-2008) Khi crackinh ton b mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y
( cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H 2 bng 12 . Cng thc
phn t cu X l:
A. C6H14
B. C3H8
C. C4H10
D. C5H12
Bi gii:
Gi m l khi lng ca ankan em crackinh, p dng nh lut bo ton
khi lng ta c, sau khi crackinh khi lng cng chnh l m gam.
Ptp crackinh l:

C nH 2n +2crackinh
+pH+2p
uuuuuuuur C mH 2m C

(m +p =n)

m
m
M X = ,M Y = = 12.2= 24 M=
3M=Y 24.3
= =72 14n
+
2
X
1
3
=> n= 5 C 5H 12chon D
Cu 3: (H KA-2008) Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen,
propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng CO2 v H2O thu c l:
A. 18,60 gam
B. 18,96 gam
C. 20,40 gam
D. 16,80 gam.
Bi gii:
t cng thc chung ca 3 h-c l C3Hy. Ta c

Mx = 21,2.2 = 42, 4 12.3 + y = 42, 4 y = 6, 4

C3 H 6,4 3CO 2 + 3, 2H 2O
0,1............0,3.........0,32mol
Khi lng cn tm l: m= 0,3.44+18.0,32= 18,96 gam. B ng.
Cu 4: (H KA-2008) Cho s chuyn ha CH4 -> C2H2 -> C2H3Cl -> PVC. tng hp 250 kg
PVC theo s trn th cn V m3 kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (bit CH 4 chim 80% th
tch kh thin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 50%)
A. 358,4
B. 448,0
C. 286,7
D. 224,0
Bi gii
tng hp 250 kg th cn 4000 mol PVC.
Ta c t l: 2CH4 (8000mol)-> PVC(4000mol).
V hiu sut 50% nn th tch CH4 cn ly l:
.

VCH4 =

8000.22, 4.100
= 358400ml
50

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Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 3 tp cha kha

vng gii nhanh ha hc.

Mt khc CH4 ch chim 80% nn

B ng.
Ch :

VCH4 =

358400.100
= 448000ml = 448 lit
80

358400.80
= 286720ml = 286,7 lit . => C sai.
100
358400.100
=
= 224000ml = 224 lit . => D sai.
2.80

Nu

VCH4 =

Nu

VCH4

Cu 5:(H khi A - 2009) Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn t cacbon

trong phn t. Hn hp X c khi lng 12,4 gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). S mol, cng thc phn
t ca M v N ln lt l:
A. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2.
B. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C3H4.
C. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2.
D. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4.
Bi lm:
Ta c: M anken ,ankin = 12, 4 : 0,3 = 41,33 Nh vy C3H6 (42) v C3H4.(40) l tho mn.
Theo gi thit ta c phng trnh.

x = 0,1(C3 H 4 )
( x + y ) = 0,3

=> D l p n ng.

(40 x + 42 y ) = 12, 4 y = 0, 2(C3 H6 )

Cu 6: (H KB 2009) Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1,
thu c cht hu c Y (cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn
phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi ca X l
A. but-1-en.
B. xiclopropan.
C. but-2-en.
D. propilen.
Bi lm:
Ta c: % Br =

160.100
= 74, 08 n = 4 chn A l p n ng, loi C v to mt sn phm khi
160 + 14 n

tc dng vi HBr.
Cu 7: Da trn cng thc tq ca hu c. X c dng (C n H 2n +1 )m , X thuc dy ng
ng :
A. an ken.
B. an kan.
C. an kin.
D. aren.
Bi gii:
(Cn H 2n+1 ) l gc h-c no ha tr 1. vy phn t ch c th c 2 gc h-c no
ha tr 1 lin kt vi nhau: m=2 v X thuc dy ankan nn (C2n H 4n+ 2 ) . B ng
Cu 8: t chy ht m gam hh gm CH4, C3H6, C4H10 thu c 17,6 gam CO2 v 10,8
gam nc. Gi tr m l
A. 2 gam.
B. 4 gam.
C. 6 gam.
D. 8 gam.
Bi gii:

m X = mC + m H =

17,6.12 10,8
+
.2 = 6 gam. C ng
44
18

Ch : khi t chy h-c th C to ra CO2 v H to ra H2O. Tng khi lng C

v H trong CO2 v H2O phi bng tng khi lng h-c.
Cu 9: t chy ht 0,15 mol hh gm 2 ankan thu c 9,45 gam H2O. Cho sn phm
chy vo nc vi trong d th khi lng kt ta thu c l:

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Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 3 tp cha kha

vng gii nhanh ha hc.

A. 52,22 gam.

B. 37,5 gam.

C. 15 gam.
Bi gii:

D. 42,5 gam.

9, 45
n ankan = n H2 O n CO2 => n CO2 = n H2 O n ankan =
0,15 =0.375mol
18
.
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 +H 2 O.
n CaCO3 = n CO2 = 0,375mol => m CaCO3 = 0,375.100 = 37,5gam
B l p n ng.
Ch : khi t chy ankan thu c s mol nc ln hn s mol kh CO2 v

n ankan chay = n H2 O nCO2 vi

Cn H 2n+ 2 +

3n + 1
O2 nCO2 + (n +1)H2 O
2

Cu 10: t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hirocac bon lin tip trong dy ng

ng thu c 22,4 lt (ktc) CO2 v 25,2 gam nc. Hai h-c l:
A. C2H6 v C3H8
B. C4H10 v C3H8
C. C2H4 v C3H6
D. C4H10 v C5H12.
Bi gii:

n H2O = 1, 4 mol > n CO2 = 1 mol => ankan.

Gi n l s nguyn t cc bon trung bnh.

3n + 1
O 2 nCO 2 + (n +1)H 2 O
2
n
1
=
=> n = 2,5 =>A ng.
n + 1 1, 4

C n H 2n+ 2 +
Ta c:

Cu 11: t chy ht hh gm mt anken v mt ankan. Cho sn phm ln lt i qua

bnh 1 ng P2O5 d v bnh 2 ng KOH rn d thy bnh 1 tng 4,14 gam,
bnh 2 tng 6,16 gam. S mol ankan c trong hh l:
A. 0,06 mol
B. 0,03 mol
C. 0,045 mol
D. 0,09 mol
Bi gii:

n H 2O =
n ankan

4,14
6,16
= 0, 23 mol, n CO2 =
= 0,14 mol
18
44
= n H2 O n CO2 = 0, 23 0,14 = 0, 09 mol

D l p n ng.
Cu 12: t chy hon ton 0,1mol hn hp gm CH4, C4H10, C2H4 thu c 0,14 mol
CO2 v 0,23 mol H2O. S mol ankan v anken c trong hh l:
A. 0,06 v 0,04 mol
B. 0,03 v 0,07 mol
C. 0,045 v 0,055 mol
D. 0,09 v 0,01 mol
Bi gii:

n ankan = n H2 O n CO2 = 0, 23 0,14 = 0,09 mol

n anken = 0,1 0, 09 = 0, 01 mol

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Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 3 tp cha kha

vng gii nhanh ha hc.

D ng.
Cu 13: Mt hh kh gm 1 ankan v 1 anken c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t
v c cng s mol. Ly m gam hh ny th lm mt mu va 80 gam dd 20%
brm trong dung mi CCl4. t chy ht m gam hh thu c 0,6 mol CO2. CTCT
ca ankan v anken ln lt l:
A. C2H6 v C2H4. B. C3H8 v C3H6 C. C4H10 v C4H8 D. C5H12 v C5H10
Bi gii:

n anken = n Br2 =

80.20
= 0,1mol
100.160

3n
O 2 nCO 2 + nH 2 O
2
0,1 mol................0,1.n mol
C n H 2n +

=> 0,1.n =

0,6
= 3 => n = 3 => B dung.
2

Cu 14: t chy ht V lt (ktc) mt ankin th kh thu c CO2 v nc c khi lng

l 25,2 gam. Nu cho sn phm chy i qua dd nc vi trong d thu c 45 gam
kt ta.
1. Gi tr V l:
A. 2,24 lt
B. 3,36 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D. 5,6 lit.
2. CT ankin l:
A. C2H2.
B. C3H4
C. C4H6
D. C5H8
Bi gii:
1. Gi tr V l:

25, 2 0, 45.44
n CO2 = n CaCO3 = 0, 45 mol => n H2O =
=0,3 mol
18
n ankin = n CO2 n H2 O = 0, 45 0,3 = 0,15 mol
=> Vankin = 0,15.22, 4 = 3,36 lit. B dung

2. CT ankin l:

n CO2 = 3nankin. Vy ankin c 3 nguyn t cc bon=> C ng.

Ch : t chy ankin th thu c s mol CO2 ln hn s mol H2O v s mol

ankin chy bng hiu s mol CO2 v H2O.
Cu 15: t chy hon ton V lt (ktc) mt ankin thu c 10,8 gam H2O. Nu cho
tt c sn phm chy hp th ht vo nc vi trong th khi lng bnh tng 50,4
gam. Gi tr V l:
A. 6,72 lt
B. 3,36 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D. 5,6 lt.
Bi gii:
Nc vi hp th c CO2 v H2O.

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Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 3 tp cha kha

vng gii nhanh ha hc.

mCO2 + m H 2O = 50, 4 => mCO2 = 50, 4 10, 4 = 39,6 gam

=> n CO2 = 0,9 mol, n ankin = n CO2 n H2O = 0,9

10,8
= 0,3 mol
18

Vankin = 0,3.22, 4 = 6,72 lit

A l p n ng.
II. bi ton p dng:
Cu 1 : Dn dng kh etilen vo bnh ng dung dch brm d thy khi lng
bnh tng ln 14 gam. Th tch lt kh etilen (ktc) l:
A. 11.2
B. 22.4
C. 33.6
D. 44.8
Cu 2 : Dn hn hp kh etilen v propan vo bnh ng dd brm thy c 16
gam brm tham gia phn ng. Khi lng to thnh l:
A. 9.9
B. 20.8
C. 18.8
D. 16.8
Cu 3 : Khi lng brm c th kt hp va vi 3.36 lt kh etilen (ktc) l:
A. 18
B. 24
C. 28
D. kt qu khc.
Cu 4 : t chy hon ton 7.54 gam iso butan trong lng xi va thu c sn
phm kh CO2 v H2O. Th tch ml kh oxi (ktc) tham gia phn ng l:
A. 224
B. 672
C. 336
D. kt qu khc.
Cu 5 : Khi sc ton b kh CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, O2 vo nc brom d sau khi phn
ng kt thc thu c sn phm kh cn li l:
A. CH4, C2H2, O2. B. C2H2, C2H4, C2H6.
C. CH4, C2H4, O2. D. CH4, C2H6, O2
Cu 6 : Mt ankan X c %C =75%. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. CH4.
B. C2H6.
C. C3H6.
D. Kt qu khc.
Cu 7 : Cho 2.8 gam mt olefin phn ng va vi nc brm thu c 9.2 gam
sn phm. Cng thc ca olefin l:
A. C2H4.
B. C3H6.
C. C4H8.
D. C5H10.
Cu 8 : Cho 11.2 gam mt anken phn ng va vi nc brm thu c 43.2
gam sn phm. Cng thc ca anken l:
A. C2H4.
B. C3H6.
C. C4H8.
D. C5H10.
Cu 9 : Oxi ho hon ton 0.68 gam mt ankadien X thu c 1.12 lt CO2 (ktc)
cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C5H8
B. C4H6
C. C3H4
D. C6H10
Cu 10 : t chy hon ton 5.4 gam mt ankadien lin hp X thu c 8.96 lt
CO2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH2 = CH- CH= CH2
B. CH2 = CH CH= CH CH3
C. CH2= CH- CH(CH3)= CH2.
D. CH2= C = CH CH3
Cu 11 : Cho etan, eten, etin ln lt tc dng vi H2, nc Br2, AgNO3/NH3, HCl(xt),
H2O: s phng trnh phn ng xy ra l:
A. 10
B. 9
C.8
D.7
Cu 12: phn bit ba bnh kh mt nhn: metan, etan, etin ta dng :
A. Qu+AgNO3/NH3
B. Qu + nc brom
C. Nc brom+AgNO3/NH3
D.
H2 v mui brm
Cu 13 : Dn 3.36 lt hn hp X gm propin va eten vo lng d dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3 thy cn 0.84 lt kh thot ra v c m gam kt ta (cc kh ktc)
1. Thnh phn phn trm th tch eten trong hn hp X l:
A. 25%
B. 45%
C. 60%
D. 75%
2. Gi tr m gam l:

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Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 3 tp cha kha

vng gii nhanh ha hc.

A. 16.54
B. 11.25
C. 14.7
D. 37.5
Cu 14: S ng phn ankin C5H8 tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3
l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 15 : t chy hon ton 2.24 lt hirocacbon X thu oc 6.72 lt
CO2(ktc), X tc dng vi AgNO3 trong NH3 sinh ra kt ta Y. Cng thc X l:
A. C3H6.
B. C2H2.
C. C3H4.
D. C4H6.
Cu 16: S ng phn mch h C4H6 l:
A. 3
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Cu 17 : t chy hon ton hn hp X, Y, Z thu c 3.36 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v
18 gam H2O. S mol ankin em t chy l:
A. 0.15
B. 0.25
C. 0.08
D. 0.05
Cu 18 : Cht no sau m trong phn t c lin kt n:
A. C2H4.
B. C2H6.
C. C6H6.
D. CH3COOH.
Cu 19 : Khi t chy hon ton 3.6 gam ankan X thu c 5.6 lt CO2 ( ktc).
Ct ca X l:
A. C3H8.
B. C4H10.
C. C5H10.
D. C5H12..
Cu 20 : xi ha hon ton 0.6 gam mt hp cht hu c X thu c 0.672 lt
kh CO2 (ktc) v 0.72 gam H2O. Thnh phn % ca nguyn t oxi trong cht X
l:
A. 60%
B. 13.3%
C. 26.7%
D. 32%.
Cu 21 : Khi cho 23 kg toluen tc dng vi axit nitric c d (c xt H2SO4 c).
Gi s ton b toluen chuyn thnh 2-4-6 trinitro-toluen (TNT). Khi lng TNT thu
c l:
A. 55.67
B. 56.75
C. 67.55
D. 57.56.
Cu 22: Khi cho 23 kg toluen tc dng vi axit nitric c d (c xt H2SO4 c).
Gi s ton b toluen chuyn thnh 2-4-6 trinitro-toluen (TNT). Khi lng HNO3
tham gia phn ng l:
A. 42.57
B. 45.72
C. 47.25
D. 75.42.
Cu 23 : Ankylbenzen X c phn trm khi lng cc bon l 91.31%. Cng thc X
l:
A. C7H8.
B. C8H10.
C. C8H8.
D. C9H12.
Cu 24 : Hirocacbon X th lng c phn trm khi lng hiro gn bng 7.7%.
X tc dng c vi dung dch brm. Ctpt ca X l:
A. C2H2.
B. C4H4.
C. C8H8.
D. C6H6.
Cu 25 : Hirocacbon X l cht lng c t khi hi so vi khng kh bng 3.17.
t chy hon ton X thu c CO2 c khi lng bng 4.28 ln khi lng H2O. nhit
thng X khng lm mt mu dung dch brm. Khi un nng X lm mt mu
dung dch KMnO4. Ctpt ca X l:
A. C7H8.
B. C8H10.
C. C8H8.
D. C9H12.

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