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CHUYN : S IN LI I.TM TT KIN THC 1.

S in li - S in li l qu trnh phn li cc cht trong nc ra ion - Cht in li l cht tan trong nc phn lin ra ion. - Phn loi cht in li: + Cht in li mnh l cht khi tan trong nc, cc phn t ho tan u phn li ra ion. - Axit mnh: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO4.... - Baz mnh: NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2... - Hu ht cc mui: NaCl, K2SO4, Ba(NO3)2,... + Cht in li yu: l cht khi tan trong nc ch c mt phn s phn t ho tan phn li ra ion, phn cn li vn tn ti di dng phn t trong dung dch. - Axit yu: CH3COOH, HClO, H2S, HNO2,HF, H2CO3, H2SO3... - Baz yu: Mg(OH)2, Bi(OH)3, Cu(OH)2... - H2O in li rt yu. + S phn li ca cht in li yu l qu trnh thun nghch. Cn bng in li tun theo nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng L Sa-t-li-. 2. Axit - Baz a, Theo thuyt A-r-ni-ut - Axit l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra cation H+ VD: HCl H+ + Cl CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO - Baz l nhng cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra anion OH VD: NaOH Na+ + OH - Hiroxit lng tnh l hiroxit khi tan trong nc va c th phn li nh axit, va c th phn li nh baz: Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Pb(OH)2, Cr(OH)3, Be(OH)2,Sn(OH)2.... VD: Zn(OH)2 Zn2+ + 2OH Phn li kiu baz 2 ZnO 2 + 2H+ Zn(OH)2 Phn li kiu axit 4. Mui v phn ng thu phn ca mui a, nh ngha: Mui l hp cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra cation kim loi (hoc NH4+) v anion gc axit b, Phn loi Mui trung ho l mui m anion gc axit khng cn hiro c kh nng phn li ra H+: Na2CO3, BaCl2, K2SO4, .... Mui axit l mui m anion gc axit vn cn hiro c kh nng phn li ra H+ : NaHCO3, NaHSO4, KH2PO4....( lu : trong gc axit ca mt s mui nh Na2HPO3, NaH2PO2 vn cn hiro nhng l mui trung ho v cc hiro khng c kh nng phn li ra ion H+). 3. Tch s ion ca nc, pH v mi trng ca dung dch. -Tch s ion ca nc: K H O = [H+][OH] = 1,0.10-14 - nh gi axit v kim ca dung dch,ngi ta dng pH vi quy c: [H+] = 1,0.10-pH M pH = -lg[H+]
2

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Mi trng [H+] pH -7 Axit > 1,0.10 M <7 -7 Trung tnh = 1,0.10 M =7 -7 Baz < 1,0.10 M >7 4. Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li iu kin: 1/ Cht tham gia phn ng phi tan (tr trng hp tc dng vi axit). 2/ Cht to thnh phi tha mn 1 trong cc iu kin sau: - To thnh cht kt ta - To thnh cht d bay hi - To thnh cht in ly yu - Phng trnh ion rt gn cho bit bn cht ca phn ng trong dung dch cc cht in li. Trong phng trnh ion rt gn, cc cht kt ta, cht in li yu, cht kh c gi nguyn di dng phn t. II. BI TP T LUN Bi 1. a/ V sao ni mui, axit, baz thuc loi cht in ly? Nu v d 3 cht in ly. b/ V sao ni ru etylic, ng saccaroz l cht khng in ly. Bi 2. Dung dch KMnO4 , NaHCO3 dn c in. Dung dch ete, oxi khng dn c in. Cht no cht in ly, cht no l cht khng in ly. Bi 3. Gii thch tnh dn in ca a/ dd KCl b/ dd KOH c/ dd HBr Bi 4. a/ Bit rng HCl tan trong benzen to ra dd khng dn in c. Gii thch? b/ th lng NaCl dn c in. Gii thch? Bi 5. Vit mt s phng trnh in ly a/ HNO3 , KOH, Ba(OH)2 , FeCl3 , CuSO4 , Al2(SO4)3 , Mg(NO3)2 , K2SO4 , FeSO4 Al2(SO4)3, Pb(NO3)2, Na3PO4 , NH4H2PO4 , HClO, KClO3 , (NH4)2SO4 , NaHCO3 , K2SO3 , (CH3COO)2Cu, Na3PO4 , CaBr2 b/ Vit phng trnh in ly ca cc a axit: H 2CO3 , H2S, H2SO4 , H2SO3 , H3PO4 , H2S, H2MnO4 , H3BO3 , H2P2O7 (cc axit ny ch phn ly mt ln theo tng nc). Bi 6. Vit cng thc ho hc cho nhng cht m s in ly cho cc ion sau: a/ Fe3+ v SO42b/ Ca2+ v Clc/ Al3+ v NO3d/ K+ v PO43Bi 7. Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau trong dung dch: Ba(NO3)2, HNO3, KOH, K2CrO4, HBrO4, BeF2, NaHCO3,H2SO4, HClO, HNO2, HCN, HBrO, Sn(OH)2. Bi 8.Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch sau: a,KOH 0,02M b,BaCl2 0,015M c,HCl 0,05M d,(NH4)2SO4 0,01M Bi 13. Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,5M c cha s mol OH bng s mol OH c trong 200g dung d1ch NaOH 20%. Bi 14. Tnh nng ion H+ trong dung dch HNO3 12,6%, D= 1,12 g/ml. Bi 18. Trong cc cht sau, cht no l axit, baz (theo Bronsted). 1/ CuO + 2H3O+ = Cu2+ + 3H2O 2/ Fe(OH)2 + 2H3O+ = Fe2+ + 4H2O 3/ Zn(OH)2 + 2OH- = ZnO2- + 2H2O 4/ S2- + H2O = HS- + OH5/ CN- + H2O = HCN + OH6/ H3O+ + OH- = 2H2O + 2+ 7/2H3O + CaO = Ca + 3H2O 8/ NH4+ + CH3COO- = NH3 + CH3COOH 9/HF + H2O = H3O+ + F10/ H2Se + H2O = H3O+ + HSeBi 19. Tnh nng cc ion trong cc dung dch: a,HNO3, pH = 4 b, H2SO4 , pH= 3 c,KOH, pH= 9 d, Ba(OH)2, pH=10 Bi 20. a,Tnh pH ca dung dch cha 1,46 g HCl trong 400ml. b, Tnh pH ca dung dch cha 1,6 g NaOH trong 200ml. c, Tnh pH ca dung dch to thnh sau khi trn 100ml dd HCl 1M v 400ml dd NaOH 0,375M
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Bi 21. Cn bao nhiu gam NaOH pha ch 300ml dung dch c pH= 10 Bi 22.Vit phng trnh phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng sau (nu c) xy ra trong dung dch: a, KNO3 + NaCl b, NaOH + HNO3 c,Mg(OH)2 + HCl d, NaF + AgNO3 e, Fe2(SO4)3 + KOH g, FeS + HCl h, NaHCO3 + HCl i, NaHCO3 + NaOH k, K2CO3 + NaCl l, Al(OH)3 + HNO3 m, Al(OH)3 + NaOH n, CuSO4 + Na2S Bi 23. Trong dung dch c th tn ti ng thi cc ion sau y c khng? Gii thch a, Na+, Cu2+, Cl-, OHb, K+, Ba2+, Cl-, SO4 2-. c, K+, Fe2+, Cl-, SO4 2-. d, HCO3-, OH-, Na+, ClBi 24. Cc dung dch sau c mi trng g? Gii thch. AlCl3, (CH3COO)2Ba, KNO3, K2S, NH4NO3, NaNO2. Bi 26. B sung cc phn ng sau y (nu c) v vit dng ion thu gn. 1/ BaCl2 + AgNO3 2/ NaHCO3 + H2SO4 3/ NaOH + MgCl2 4/ K2S + HCl 5/ KOH + BaCl2 6/ CH3COONa + H2SO4 7/ HCl + AgNO3 8/ HNO3 + CaCO3 9/ NaOH + FeCl2 Bi 27. Vit phng trnh phn ng phn t ca phn ng m phng trnh ion thu gn l: 1/ H3O+ + OH- = 2H2O 2/ 2H3O+ + Cu(OH)2 = Cu2+ + 4H2O 3/ H3O+ + MgO = Mg2+ + 3H2O 4/ 3H3O+ + Fe(OH)3 = Fe3+ + 6H2O 5/ 2H3O+ + MgO = Mg2+ + 3H2O Trong mi phn ng, cht no ng vai tr l axit? Cht no ng vai tr l baz. Bi 28. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng thu phn sau y (nu c) a/ KCl + H2O b/ Na2S + H2O c/ ZnCl2 + H2O d/ NH4NO3 + H2O Bi 29. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra gia Be(OH)2 , Al(OH)3 vi HCl v NaOH Bi 30. Trn ln 200ml dd KCl 0,5M vi 300ml dd BaCl2 0,2M tnh nng mol/l cc ion trong dd thu c. Bi 31. trung ho 25ml dd H2SO4 th phi dng ht 50ml dd NaOH 0,5M tnh nng mol/l ca dd axit S: [H2SO4] = 0,5M Bi 33. Ly 3,48g K2SO4 ho tan trong nc c 0,5l dd tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion. Bi 34. Tnh nng ion H+ trong dd c nng ion OH- l 0,02mol/l v 2,5.10-8mol/l Bi 35. Khng dng thm ho cht no khc, hy phn bit 4 dd mt nhn BaCl2 , K2CO3, HCl, Na2SO4 . Bi 36. Dung dch X cha hn hp 2 axit HCl 0,4M v H2SO4 0,1 M. Dung dch Y cha hn hp 2 hiroxit KOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M. Tnh th tch dung dch Y cn dng trung ho 200ml dung dch X v khi lng kt ta thu c. . Bi 38. trung ho hon ton 600ml dung dch hn hp HCl 2M v H2SO4 1,5M cn bao nhiu mililit dung dch hn hp Ba(OH)2 v KOH 1M. Bi 39. Ho tan m gam kim loi Ba vo nc thu c 2,0 lit dung dch X c pH =13. Tnh m. Bi 40.Cho 220ml dung dch HCl c pH = 5 tc dng vi 180ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 9 th thu c dung dch A. Tnh pH ca dung dch A. Bi 41.C 3 dung dch HCl, NaOH, NaCl ng trong 3 l mt nhn. Ch s dng dd phenolphtalein v cc dng c th nghim, nu cch nhn bit cc dung dch . Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng xy ra.

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Bi 42.Ch dng qu tm hy phn bit cc dung dch khng mu ng trong cc l mt nhn sau: NaOH, HCl, Ba(OH)2, NaNO3, K2SO4. Vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion rt gn ca cc phn ng xy ra. Bi 43. Mt lng Al(OH)3 va tc dng vi 0,3l dd HCl 1M. lm tan ht lng Al(OH)3 ny cn bao nhiu lt dd KOH 14% (D = 1,128l) S: 35,46ml Bi 44. trung ho dd KOH cn 15ml dd HNO3 60% (D = 1,4g/ml). Nu dng dd H2SO4 49% trung ho th cn bao nhiu gam dd S: 20g Bi 45. Trn ln 15ml dd NaOH 2M v 10ml dd H2SO4 1,5M. Cho bit dd thu c cn d axit, d baz hay trung ho S: Trung ho Bi 46. 10ml dd KOH vo 15ml dd H2SO4 0,5M, dd vn cn d axit. Thm 3ml dd NaOH 1M vo th dd trung ho. Xc nh [KOH]? S: 1,2M Bi 47. Cho 44g NaOH vo dd cha 39,2g H3PO4 c cn dd. Hi nhng mui no to thnh? Khi lng bao nhiu. Bi 48. Trn dd A cha NaOH v dd B cha Ba(OH)2 theo th tch bng nhau c dd C. Trung ho 100ml dd C cn ht 35ml dd H2SO4 2M thu c 9,32g kt ta. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc dd A, B. Bi 49. Dung dch A cha HCl (a M), HNO3 (b M) trung ho 20ml dd A cn dng 300ml dd NaOH 0,1M, mt khc ly 20ml dd A cho tc dng vi AgNO3 d to thnh 2,87g kt ta. Tnh cc gi tr a, b S: a = 1, b = 0,5 Bi 50. 55g hn hp 2 mui Na2SO3 v Na2CO3 tc dng ht vi 0,5l dd H2SO4 1M. a/ Tnh khi lng mi mui b Tnh V kh bay ra iu kin tiu chun. Bi 51. Tnh nng mol/l ca dd Na2CO3 bit rng 100ml dd ny tc dng ht vi 50ml dd HCl 2M. Trn ln 50ml dd Na2CO3 trn vi 50ml dd CaCl2 1M. Tnh nng mol/l cc ion v cc mui trong dung dch thu c. Bi 52. Cho 150ml dd HCl 2M tc dng vi 50ml dd NaOH 5,6M. Tnh pH ca dd sau phn ng. S: pH = 1 Bi 53. Pha thm 40cm3 nc vo 10cm3 dd HCl c pH = 4. Tnh pH ca dd thu c Bi 54. Dung dch HCl c pH = 3 cn pha long dd axit ny (bng nc ct) bao nhiu ln c dd HCl c pH = 4 Bi 55. a/ Cho dd c pH = 4. Tnh nng ion OH- cha trong dd . b/ Tnh pH ca dd thu c khi trn nhng th tch bng nhau ca HNO3 0,02M v dd NaOH 0,01M. Bi 56. Tnh pH ca dd HNO3 0,02M Bi 57. Tnh nng mol/l ca dd NaOH c pH = 10, tnh pH ca dd KOH 0,01M. Bi 58. a/ Thm t t 100g dd H2SO4 98% vo nc iu chnh c 11 dd A. Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong dd A. b/ Phi thm vo 1 lt dd A trn bao nhiu lt dd NaOH 108M thu c - Dung dch c pH = 1 - Dung dch c pH = 13 Cho bit trong dd nc lun c [H+] [OH-] = 10-14 Bi 59. Cho dd HCl c pH = 4. Hi phi thm mt th tch nc gp bao nhiu ln th tch dd ban u c 1 dd c pH = 5. Bi 60. Pha long 10ml dd HCl vi nc to thnh 250ml. Dung dch thu c c pH= 3. Tnh nng HCl trc khi pha long v pH ca dd . Bi 61. Kt qu xc nh nng mol cc ion ca dd nh sau: [Na+] = 0,05M [Ca2+] = 0,01M [NO3-] = 0,01M [Cl-] = 0,04M [HCO3-] = 0,025 (mol/l) Hi kt qu trn ng hay sai. V sao? Bi 62. Trong dd c cha a mol Cu2+ , b mol Mg2+ , c mol Cl- v d mol HCO3Trang: 4

a/ Vit biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d. b/ c dd cn ho tan nhng mui no vo nc. S: 2a + 2b = c + d Bi 63. Dung dch a gm 0,03mol Ca2+; 0,06mol Al3+; 0,06mol NO3 ; 0,09mol SO42-. Mun c dd ny cn ho tan hai mui no vo nc. Bi 64. Mt dd cha a mol Na+, b mol Ca2+, c mol HCO3-, d mol Cla/ Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d b/ Tnh tng khi lng mui trong dd. Bi 65. Kt qu xc nh nng mol cc ion ca dd nh sau: [Na+] = 0,05M [Ca2+] = 0,01M [NO3-] = 0,01M [Cl-] = 0,04M [HCO3-] = 0,025 (mol/l) Hi kt qu trn ng hay sai. V sao? Bi 66. Dung dch X c cha cc ion Ca 2+, Ag3+, Cl- lm kt ta ht ion Cl- trong 10ml dd X cn phi dng ht 70ml dd AgNO3 1M khi co cn 100nl dd X thu c 35,55g hn hp 2 mui khan. Tnh nng mol/l ca mi mui trong X. Bi 67. Dung dch Y cha cc ion Zn 2+, Fe3+, SO42- , bit rng dng ht 350ml dd NaOH 2M th kt ta ht ion Zn2+ v Fe3+ trong 100ml dd Y. Nu tip 200ml dd NaOH th mt lng kt ta tan ht cn li l cht kt ta mu nu . Tnh nng mol/l cc mui trong dd Y. Bi 68. Trong dd A c cc ion Fe3+, Cl- , SO42-. Nu c cn dd ny th c th thu c nhng mui no? Trong dd B c cc ion Mg2+, Al3+ , NO3-, SO42-. Nu c cn dd ny th c th thu c hn hp 2 mui no? III. BI TP TRC NGHIM 1.Nhm cht no sau y ch gm cc cht in li mnh? A. HI, H2SO4, KNO3 B.HNO3, MgCO3, HF C.HCl, Ba(OH)2, CH3COOH D. NaCl. H2S, (NH4)2SO4 2.Nhm cht no sau y ch gm cc cht khng in li hay in li yu A.CaCO3, HCl, CH3COONa B.Saccaroz, ancol etylic, gim n C. K2SO4, Pb(NO3)2, HClO D.AlCl3, NH4NO3, CuSO4 3.Chn pht biu ng v s in li A.l s in phn cc cht thnh ion dng v ion m B. l phn ng oxi-kh C.l s phn li cc cht in l thnh ion dng v ion m. D. l phn ng trao i ion 4.Natri florua trong trng hp no sau y khng dn c in ? A.Dung dch NaF trong nc B.NaF nng chy C.NaF rn, khan D. DD to thnh khi ho tan cng s mol NaOH v HF trong nc 5.Dung dch no sau y dn in tt nht? A.NaI 0,002M B.NaI 0,010M C.NaI 0,001M D. NaI 0,100M 6.Theo A-r-ni-ut, cht no di y l axit? A. Cr(NO3)3 B.CsOH C. CdSO4 D.HBrO3 7. Axit mnh HNO3 v axit yu HNO2 c cng nng 0,10 mol/l v cng nhit . S so snh nng mol ion no sau y ng?
+ + A. [ H ] H N O < [ H ] H N O
3 2

+ + C. [ H ] HNO = [ H ] HNO
3

+ + B. [ H ] HNO > [ H
3

HNO 2

D. NO3

HNO3

< NO2

HNO2

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8.Cht in li mnh c in li A. = 0 B. =1 C. < 0 D. 0 < < 1 9. Cht in li yu c in li A. = 0 B. =1 C. < 0 D. 0 < < 1 10.Cn bng sau tn ti trong dung dch: CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO in li ca CH3COOH s bin i nh th no khi: a, nh vi git dung dch HCl A.tng B.gim C.khng bin i D.khng xc nh c b, nh vi git dung dch NaOH A.tng B.gim C.khng bin i D.khng xc nh c c, pha long dung dch A.tng B.gim C.khng bin i D.khng xc nh c 11. Chn pht biu ng? A. Gi tr Ka ca mt axit ph thuc vo nng B. Gi tr Ka ca mt axit ph thuc vo nhit C.Gi tr Ka ca mt axit ph thuc vo p sut D.Gi tr Ka ca axit cng nh, lc axit cng mnh 12. Ion no sau y l axit theo thuyt Bron-stt ? A. NH4+ B. CH3COO C. NO3 D. CO3213. . Ion no sau y l baz theo thuyt Bron-stt ? A. Cu2+ B. Fe3+ C.ClO D. NH4+ 14.Ion no sau y l lng tnh theo thuyt Bron-stt ? A. Fe2+ B. Al3+ C. Cl D. HS 15. Theo nh ngha axit-baz ca Bron-stt, cc cht v v ion no y u l lng tnh? A. CO32-, CH3COO B. Zn(OH)2, NH4+ C. Zn(OH)2, HCO3, H2O D. HS, HCO3, SO3216. Theo nh ngha axit-baz ca Bron-stt, cc cht v ion no sau y u l trung tnh? A. SO32-, Cl B. SO42-, CH3COO C.Na+, Cl D. K+, CO3217. Theo nh ngha axit-baz ca Bron-stt, cc cht v v ion no y ch ng vai tr l axit? A. NH4+, SO32B.HS, Fe3+ C.CH3COO, K+ D. NH4+, Fe3+ 18. Theo nh ngha axit-baz ca Bron-stt, cc cht v v ion no y u l baz? A. SO32-, CH3COO B.HCO3, HS C.NH3, Cl D.PO43, H2PO4 19. Cho cc phn ng sau: (1) HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl (2) NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH (3) CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O (4) HSO3 + H2O H3O+ + SO32(5) HSO3 + H2O H2SO3 + OH Theo thuyt Bron-stt, H2O ng vai tr l axit trong cc phn ng A. (1), (2),(3) B.(2), (3), (4), (5) C.(2), (5) D.(1), (3), (4) 20. Theo nh ngha v axit-baz ca Bron-stt, c bao nhiu ion l baz trong s cc ion sau y: Ba2+, NO3, Br, NH4+, C6H5O, CH3COO, CO32-. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
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21. pH ca dung dch A cha HCl 10-4 M l: A. 10 B. 12 C. 4 D. 2 22. Dung dch H2SO4 0,005 M c pH bng: A. 3 B. 2 C. 5 D. 4 23. Dung dch KOH 0,001M c pH bng: A. 3 B. 11 C. 2 D.12 24. Ho tan 4,9 g H2SO4 vo nc c 10 lt dung dch A. Dung dch A c pH bng: A. 4 B.1 C.3 D2
-4 25. pH ca dung dch A cha Ba(OH) 2 5.10 M l:

A. 3,3 B. 10,7 C. 3,0 D. 11,0 -4 -4 26. pH ca dung dch HCl 2.10 M v H2SO4 4.10 M: A. 3 B. 4 C. 3,7 D. 3,1 27. pH ca dung dch KOH 0,06M v NaOH 0,04M: A. 1 B. 2 C. 13 D. 12,8 28. pH ca dung dch KOH 0,004M v Ba(OH)2 0,003M: A. 12 B. 2 C. 13 D. 11,6 29. pH ca 500 ml dung dch cha 0,2 g NaOH: A. 2 B. 12 C. 0,4 D. 13,6 30. pH ca 800 ml dung dch cha 0,548 g Ba(OH)2 : A. 2 B. 12 C. 0,4 D. 13,6 31. Ha tan 448 ml HCl(ktc) vo 2 lt nc thu 2 lt dung dch c pH: A. 12 B. 2 C. 1 D. 0 32.Cho hng s axit ca CH 3COOH l 1,8.10 -5 . pH ca dung dch CH 3COOH 0,4M l: A. 0,4 B. 2,59 C. 4 D. 3,64 -10 33. Bit hng s in li KHCN = 7.10 , in li ca axit HCN trong dung dch 0,05M l: A. 0.019% B. 0,0118% C. 0,017% D. 0,026% 34. Cho dung dch HNO2 0,1M, bit rng hng s phn li ca dung dch axit ny bng 5.10-4. Nng ca ion H+ trong dung dch l: A. 7,07.10-3 M B. 7,07.10-2 M C. 7,5.10-3 M D. 8,9.10-3 M 35. Cho dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M, bit trong dung dch CH3COOH ch in li 1%. pH ca dd bng: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 36.Kt qu no sau y sai?

A. Dung dch HCl 4,0.10-3 c pH = 2,4. C. Dung dch NaOH 3,0.10-4 M c pH = 10,52.

B.Dung dch H 2SO4 2,5.10-4 c pH = 3,3. D.Dung dch


Ba(OH) 2

5,0.10-4 M c pH = 11.

37.nh gi no sau y ng v pH ca dung dch CH 3COOH 0,1M ? A. pH = 1 B. pH < 1 C. 1 < pH < 7 D. pH > 7 -10 38. Mt dung dch c [OH ] = 2,5.10 M. Mi trng ca dung dch l: A. axit B. baz C. trung tnh D.khng xc nh c + -12 39. Mt dung dch c nng [H ] = 3,0. 10 M. Mi trng ca dung dch l: A. axit B. baz C. trung tnh D.khng xc nh c
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40. Nng mol/l ca dung dch H2SO4 c pH = 2 l A. 0,010 M B. 0,020 M C. 0,005 M D. 0,002 M 41. Nng mol/l ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH = 12 l: A. 0,005 M B. 0,010 M C. 0,050 M D. 0,100 M 42. i vi dd axit mnh HNO3 0,1M (coi HNO3 phn li hon ton), nh gi no di y l ng? A. pH > 1 B pH = 1 C. pH < 1 D [H+]< [NO3] 43. Cho hai dung dch HCl v CH3COOH c cng nng CM. Hy so snh pH ca 2 dung dch? A. HCl < CH3COOH B. HCl > CH3COOH C. HCl = CH3COOH D. Khng so snh c 44. So snh nng CM ca hai dung dch NaOH v CH3COONa c cng pH? A. NaOH > CH3COONa B. NaOH < CH3COONa C. NaOH = CH3COONa D. Khng so snh c 45. Cht phi thm vo dung dch nc lm pH thay i t 12 xung 10 l: A. Nc ct B. Natri hiroxit C. Natri axetat D. Hiro clorua 46. Trung ho vi th tch bng nhau dung dch HCl 1M v dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M. Dung dch sau phn ng c pH th no? A. pH = 7 B. pH > 7 C. pH < 7 D. pH = 6 47. Chn cu sai trong cc cu sau y? A. Dung dch H2SO4 c pH < 7 B. DD CH3COOH 0,01 M c pH =2 C. Dung dch NH3 c pH > 7 D. DD mui c th c pH = 7, pH > 7, pH < 7. 48. Dy cc dung dch c cng nng mol sau c sp xp theo chiu tng dn v pH:

A. H 2S, NaCl, HNO3 , KOH

B. HNO3 , H 2S, NaCl, KOH

C. HNO3 , H 2S, KOH, NaCl D. HNO3 , KOH, H2S, NaCl 49.Dy cc dung dch c cng nng mol sau c sp xp theo chiu tng dn v pH: A. CH3COOH, HCl, H2 SO4 C. HCl, CH3COOH, H2SO4 C. H 2SO4 , HCl, CH3 COOH D. H 2SO4 , HCl, CH3 COOH 50. Cho ba dung dch c cng gi tr pH, cc dung dch c sp xp theo th t nng mol tng dn: A. CH3COOH, HCl, H2 SO4 C. HCl, CH3COOH, H2SO4 C. H 2SO4 , HCl, CH3 COOH D. H 2SO4 , HCl, CH3 COOH 51.Cho ba dung dch c cng gi tr pH, cc dung dch c sp xp theo th t nng mol tng dn: A. NH 3 , NaOH, Ba(OH)2 B. NaOH, NH 3 , Ba(OH)2 C. Ba(OH) 2 , NaOH, NH3 D. NH 3 , Ba(OH)2 , NaOH 52. Chn cu nhn nh sai trong cc cu sau: A. Gi tr [H+] tng th gi tr pH tng B. Dung dch m gi tr pH > 7 c mi trng baz C. Dung dch m gi tr pH < 7 c mi trng axit D. Dung dch m gi tr pH = 7 c mi trng trung tnh. 53. Chn cu ng. A. Mui trung ho l mui m trong gc axit khng cn cha H. B. Mui axit l mui trong gc axit cn cha H.
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C. Mui trung ho l mui m trong gc axit khng cn cha H mang tnh axit. D. Mui axit l mui trong gc axit c th c hoc khng c H. 54. Dung dch mui no sau y c mi trng axit? A. CH3COONa B. ZnCl2 C. KCl D. Na2SO3 55. Dung dch mui no sau y c mi trng baz? A. Na2CO3 B. NaCl C. NaNO3 D. (NH4)2SO4 56. Dung dch mui no sau y c mi trng trung tnh? A. NH4Cl B. Na2CO3 C. ZnCl2 D. NaCl 57.Trong cc dd sau y: K2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4, Na2S c bao nhiu dd c pH > 7? A.1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 58. Cho cc dung dch sau: NH4NO3 (1), KCl (2), K2CO3 (3), CH3COONa (4), NaHSO4 (5). Cc dung dch c pH < 7 l: A. (2), (3) B.(3), (4) C. (4), (5) D. (1), (5) 59. Cho cc dd sau: NaNO3 (1), CH3COOK (2), Na2S (3), BaCl2 (4), AlCl3 (5). Cc dd c pH > 7 l A. (1), (5) B. (2), (3) C. (3), (4), (5) D. (1), (2), (4) 60. Trong cc cp cht cho di y, cp no khng xy ra phn ng? A. HCl + Fe(OH)3 B. CuCl2 + AgNO3 C. KOH + CaCO3 D. K2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 61.Trong cc cp cht cho di y, cp no khng tn ti trong cng mt dung dch? A. FeCl2 + Al(NO3)3 B. K2SO4 + (NH4)2CO3 C. Na2S + Ba(OH)2 D. ZnCl2 + AgNO3 62. Nhm ion no di y c th cng tn ti trong mt dung dch? a, A. Ca2+, NH4+, Cl-, OHB. Cu2+, Al3+, OH-, NO3C. Ag+, Ba2+, Br-, PO43D. NH4+, Mg2+, Cl-, NO3b, A.Na+, Mg2+, OH-, NO3B.CO32-, HSO4-, Na+, Ca2+ C. Ag+, Na+, F-, NO3D. HCO3-, Cl-, Na+, H+ 63. Nhng ion no di y khng th tn ti trong cng mt dung dch? A. Na+, Mg2+, NO3-, SO42B. Cu2+, Fe3+, SO42-, ClC. Ba2+, Al3+, Cl-, HSO4D. K+, HSO4-, OH-, PO4364.Tp hp ion no sau y khng th phn ng vi ion OH 2+ 2+ A. Cu ,HCO3 , Fe 2+ 2+ 3+ B. Cu , Mg ,Al , HSO 4 + D. NO3 , Cl , K

C. Cu 2+ , Fe2+ , Zn 2+ ,Al3+ A. Cl2B. SO 4

65.Trong dd A c cha ng thi cc cation: K + , Ag + , Fe2+ , Ba 2+ . Bit A ch cha mt anion, l:


2C. CO3 D. NO3

66.C bn dung dch trong sut, mi dung dch ch cha mt loi cation v mt loi anion. Cc loi ion trn bao gm: Na + , Mg 2+ , Ba 2+ , Pb2+ , SO2- , CO2- , Cl- , NO-3 . l bn dung dch: 4 3 A. BaCl2 , MgSO4 , Na 2 CO3 , Pb(NO3 )2 B. BaCO3 , MgSO4 , NaCl, Pb(NO3 )2 C. BaCO3 , Mg(NO3 )2 , NaCl, PbSO4 D. Mg(NO3 )2 , Na 2 CO3 , PbCl2 , BaSO4 67. Phng trnh ion thu gn: H+ + OH H2O biu din bn cht ca phn ng ho hc no sau y? A. H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2HCl B. 3HCl + Fe(OH)3 FeCl3 + 3H2O C. NaOH + NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O D.H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + 2H2O 68. Phn ng gia cc cht no sau y c cng phng trnh ion rt gn?
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(1) HCl + NaOH (2) CaCl2 + Na2CO3 (3) CaCO3 + HCl (4) Ca(HCO3)2 +K2CO3 (5) CaO + HCl (6) Ca(OH)2 + CO2 A. (2), (3) B. (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) C. (2), (4) D. (4), (5), (6) 69. Dy cht no di y u phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH? A. Na2CO3, CuSO4, HCl B. MgCl2, SO2, NaHCO3 C. H2SO4, FeCl3, KOH D. CO2, NaCl, Cl2 70. Dung dch nc ca cht A lm qu tm ha xanh, cn dung dch nc ca mui B lm qu ha . Trn ln hai dung dch trn vo nhau th xut hin kt ta. A v B l: A. KOH v K 2SO4 B. KOH v FeCl3 C. K 2 CO3 v Ba(NO3 )2 D. Na 2 CO3 v KNO3 71. Dung dch nc ca cht A lm qu tm ha xanh, cn dung dch nc ca mui B khng lm qu i mu. Trn ln hai dung dch trn vo nhau th xut hin kt ta. A v B l: A. KOH v K 2SO4 B. KOH v FeCl3 C. K 2 CO3 v Ba(NO3 )2 D. Na 2 CO3 v KNO3 72. C 4 l ng cc dung dch ring bit mt nhn: AlCl3, NaNO3, K2CO3, NH4NO3. C th dng dung dch no di y lm thuc th phn bit cc dung dch trn? A. NaOH B. H2SO4 C. Ba(OH)2 D. AgNO3 73. C 4 dung dch ring bit: Na 2SO4 , Na 2 CO3 , BaCl2 , NaNO3 . Ch dng qu tm lm thuc th th c th nhn bit bao nhiu cht? A. 4 cht B. 3 cht C. 2 cht D. 1 cht 74. Ch dng thm qu tm lm thuc th c th phn bit c my dd trong cc dd mt nhn sau: H2SO4, Ba(OH)2, Na2CO3, NaOH A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D4 + 2+ 2+ 2+ + 75.Mt dung dch X c cha cc ion: Na , Ba , Ca , Mg , H , Cl . Mun tch c nhiu cation ra khi dung dch m khng a thm ion l vo dung dch, ta c th cho dung dch X tc dng vi cht no sau y? A. K 2 CO3 va . B. Na 2 CO3 va . C. NaOH va . D. Na 2SO4 va . 76. nhn bit 4 dung dch trong 4 l mt nhn : KOH, NH 4 Cl, Na 2SO4 , (NH4 )2 SO4 , ta c th ch dng mt thuc th no trong cc thuc th sau: A. Dung dch AgNO3 B. Dung dch NaOH C. Dung dch BaCl2 D. Dung dch Ba(OH) 2 77. C 3 dd NaOH, HCl, H 2SO4 ng trong cc l mt nhn. Thuc th duy nht nhn bit 3dd trn l: A. Dung dch NaOH d. B. Natri kim loi d. C. phn ( CaCO3 ) D. Qu tm.
278. Mt dung dch A gm 0,03 mol Mg 2+ ; 0,06 mol Al3+ ; 0,06 mol NO3 v 0,09 mol SO 4 . Mun c dung dch trn th cn 2 mui no? A. Mg(NO3 )2 v Al2 (SO4 )3 B. MgSO4 v Al(NO3 )3 C. C A v B u ng. D. C A v B u sai. + + 79. Mt dung dch cha a mol K , b mol NH4 , c mol CO32-, d mol Cl, e mol SO42-. Biu thc lin h

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gia a, b, c, d, e l: A. a + b = c + d + e B. 39a + 18b = 60c + 35,5d + 96e C. a + b = 2c + d + 2e D. a + 4b = 6c + d + 8e 80. Mt dd c cha 4 ion vi thnh phn: 0,01 mol Na+, 0,02 mol Mg2+, 0,015 mol SO42-, x molCl. Gi tr ca x l: A. 0,015 B. 0,020 C. 0,035 D. 0,010
281. Dung dch A cha 0,2 mol SO 4 v 0,3 mol Cl- cng vi x mol K + . Gi tr ca x: A. 0,5 mol B. 0,7 mol C. 0,8 mol D. 0,1 mol

82. Dung dch A cha 0,2 mol SO 2- v 0,3 mol Cl- cng vi x mol K + . C cn dung dch thu c khi 4 lng mui khan l: A. 53,6 g B. 26,3 g C. 45,8 g D. 57,5 g
83. DD A c cha cc ion Ba 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ v 0,2 mol Cl- ; 0,3 mol NO3 . Thm dn dn dd Na2CO3

1M vo dd A cho n khi c lng kt ta ln nht th ngng. Th tch dd Na 2 CO3 cn dng l: A. 500 ml B. 125 ml C. 200 ml D. 250 ml 3+ 2+ 84. Mt dung dch cha 2 cation: 0,02mol Al , 0,03 mol Fe v 2 anion: x mol Cl, y mol SO42-. Khi c cn dung dch thu c 7,23 g cht rn khan. Dung dch cha 2 mui l: A. Al2(SO4)3, FeCl2 B Al2(SO4)3, FeCl3 C. AlCl3, FeSO4 D. AlCl3, Fe2(SO4)3 85. Cho 50ml dung dch HCl 0,10 M tc dng vi 50ml dung dch NaOH 0,12 M thu c dung dch A. Cho qu tm vo dung dch A, qu c mu: A. B. xanh C. tm D.khng mu 86. Trn 70ml dung dch HCl 0,12M vi 30ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,10M thu c dd A c pH bng: A. 0,26 B.1,26 C. 2,62 D, 1,62 87. Cn bao nhiu g NaOH rn ha tan trong 200ml dd HCl c pH = 3 thu c dd mi c pH = 11? A. 0,016g B. 0,032g C. 0,008g D. 0,064g + + 88.Trong V lt dd HCl 0,5 M c s mol H bng s mol H c trong 0,3 lt dd H2SO4 0,2 M.Gi tr ca V l: A. 0,12 B. 2,67 C. 0,24 D. 1,33 89. Trong V (ml) dung dch NaOH 0,5 M c s mol OH bng s mol OH c trong 35,46ml dung dch KOH 14% (D= 1,128 g/ml). Gi tr ca V l: A. 400 B.300 C. 200 D. 100 90.Thm 900 ml nc vo 100 ml dung dch HCl c pH = 2 th thu c dung dch mi c pH bng: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 91. C 10 ml dd axit HCl c pH = 3. Cn thm bao nhiu ml nc ct thu c dd axit c pH = 4? A. 90 ml B. 100 ml C. 10 ml D. 40 ml 92. Thm 900 ml nc vo 100 ml dung dch H 2SO4 0,05M th thu c dung dch mi c pH bng: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 93.Thm 450 ml nc vo 50 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 c 0,005M th thu c dd mi c pH bng: A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 D. 1 94. Th tch dd HCl 0,3 M cn trung ho 100 ml dd hn hp NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,1 M l: A. 100 ml B. 150 ml C. 200 ml D. 250 ml 95. Cho 40 ml dung dch HCl 0,75M vo 160 ml dd cha ng thi Ba(OH)2 0,08M v KOH 0,04M. pH ca dung dch thu c:
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A. 10 B. 12 C. 11 D. 13 96. Trn 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,4 M vi 100ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,4 M c dung dch A. Nng ion OH trong dung dch A l: A. 0,4 M B. 0,6 M C. 0,8 M D. 1,2 M 97. Trn dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,5 M vi dung dch KOH 0,5 M ( theo t l th tch 1:1 ) c 200 ml dung dch A. Th tch dung dch HNO3 10% (D = 1,1g/ml) cn trung ho 1/5 dung dch A l: A. 17,18 ml B. 34,36 ml C. 85,91 ml D. 171,82 ml 98. DD A cha 2 axit H2SO4 (cha bit CM) v HCl 0,2 M. DD B cha 2 baz NaOH 0,5 M v Ba(OH)2 0,25M. Bit 100ml dd A trung ho 120 ml dd B. Nng mol/l ca dung dch H2SO4 l: A. 1 M B. 0,5 M C. 0,75 M D. 0,25 M 99. Dung dch A cha 2 axit H 2SO4 0,1M v HCl 0,2M. Dung dch B cha 2 baz NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,3 M. Phi thm bao nhiu ml dd B vo 100 ml dung dch A c dd mi c pH = 7 ? A. 120 ml B. 100 ml C. 80 ml D. 125 ml 100. Trn V1 lt dung dch HCl (pH = 5) vi V2 lt dung dch NaOH (pH = 9)thu c dd c pH =8 T l V1/ V2 l: A. 1/3 B. 3/1 C. 9/11 D. 11/9 101. Cho dung dch X gm HNO3 v HCl c pH = 1. Trn V (ml) dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,025 M vi 100ml dung dch X thu c dung dch Y c pH = 2. Gi tr ca V l: A. 125 ml B. 150 ml C. 175 ml D. 250 ml 102. Trn 200 ml dd AlCl3 1M vi 700ml dd NaOH 1M. S gam kt ta thu c l: A. 7,8 g B. 15,6 g C. 3,9 g D. 0,0 g 103. 300 ml dung dch KOH vo 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M, dung dch sau phn ng tr thnh d Baz, c cn dd sau phn ng thu c 23 gam cht rn khan. Nng mol ca dd KOH bng: A. 1M B. 0,66 M C. 2M D. 1,5 M * Gi thit dng cho cu 104, 105: Ho tan 5,34 g AlCl3 v 9,5 g MgCl2 vo nc c dung dch X. Dung dch Y cha hh NaOH 0,4 M v Ba(OH)2 0,3 M. 104. Cho V1 lt dung dch Y vo dung dch X th thu c lng kt ta ln nht l m1 gam. Gi tr ca V1 v m1 ln lt l: A. 0,3 lt; 3,12 g B. 0,33 lt; 5,8 g C. 0,63 lt; 8,92 g D. 0,32 lt; 8,92 g 105. Cho dung dch Y n d vo dung dch X th thu c m2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m2 l: A. 5,8 g B. 3,12 g C. 8,92 g D. 3,2 g 106. Khi cho 0,2 lt dung dch KOH c pH = 13 vo 0,3 lt dung dch CuSO4 thu c kt ta, dung dch Sau phn ng c pH = 12. Nng mol ca dung dch CuSO4 ban u v khi lng kt ta l: A. 0,033 M v 0,98 g B. 0,25 M v 7,35 g C. 0,025 M v 0,735 g D. 0,067 M v 1,96 g

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