Trng THPT Anh sn 3 10

Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii

BI TP PHN CU TO NGUYN T.
Bi 1 : Anion X , Cation Y2+, Anion Z2-u c cu hnh e lp ngoi l 3s23p6 . a)Vit cu hnh e y ca nguyn t X , Y , Z. T xc nh v tr ca X , Y , Z trong bng tun hon . b)Gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt gia X v Y, gia Y v Z. c)So snh bn knh nguyn t ca X- , Y2+ v Z2-? Gii thch ? Bi 2 : Hai nguyn t A v B u thuc mt phn nhm chnh v nm 2 chu k lin tip c tng s in tch ht nhn l 24 . a)Xc nh tn hai nguyn t A v B . b)So snh phn cc lin kt trong hp cht ca A v B vi Natri. Bi 3 : Hai nguyn t A v B nm 2 phn nhm chnh lin tip B thuc nhm V. Khi tr/thi n cht A v B khng p/ng vi nhau. Tng s in tch ht nhn ca A v B l 23. a) Xc nh tn hai nhuyn t A v B. b) Vit cng thc cu to ca AO2, AO3, BO2, B2O4.Hy vit phn ng ca cc cht ny khi cho chng ln lt tc dng vi dung dch NaOH . Bi 4 : Hp cht X c to thnh t cc ion u c cu hnh e l: 1s 22s22p6. Trong mt phn t X c tng s ht p,n,e l 92. a)Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. b)Khi ho tan X vo nc thu c dung dch Y c tnh kim. Cho 200 ml dung dch Y 0,2M tc dng vi clo d un nng 1000C .Tnh CM ca cht tan trong dd thu c . Bi 5 : Hp cht A c to thnh t cation X + v anion Y-. Phn t A cha 9 nguyn t gm ba nguyn t phi kim vi t l s nguyn t ca mi nguyn t l 2:3:4. Tng s proton trong A l 42. Trong ion Y- cha 2 nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k v thuc hai phn nhm chnh lin tip. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A, vit cng thc cu to ca Av cho bit trong A c nhng loi lin kt no. Bi 6 : Mt phn t XY3 c tng s ht p,n,e l 196 trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60, tng s ht trong ca Y- nhiu hn tng s ht trong X3+l 16. a)Xc nh cng thc phn t ca XY3. b)Vit 8 phn ng khc nhau iu ch trc tip XY3 Bi 7 : A,B,C l ba kim loi thuc ba PNC lin tip trong mt chu k c tng s khi l 74. a)Xc nh ba nguyn t A,B,C. b)Khi cho 11,15 gam hn hp X gm ba nguyn t trn ho tan vo nc thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc), dung dch Y v 6,15g cht rn khng tan .Lc ly cht rn em ho tan vo dung dch HCl d thu c 0,275 mol H2 . Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp X . Bi 8 : Cho ba nguyn t A,B,C (ZA< ZB <ZC). -A v B cng thuc mt phn nhm chnh v hai chu k lin tip . -B v C l hai nguyn t nm k cn nhau trong mt chu k . -Tng s proton trong 2 ht nhn A v B l 24 . a)Xc nh cu hnh e ca A,B,C. b)Zl hp cht to bi A,B,C trong t l khi lng tng ng ca A,B,C l 1:1:2,22.Tm c/thc phn t v c/thc cu to ca hp cht Z. Bit dZ/He=33,75. Bi 9 : 1) C 2 ion XY32- v XY42- c tng s e ln lt l 42 v 50 . Ht nhn ca X v Y u c s proton bng s ntron . a)Xc nh in tch ht nhn v s khi ca X v Y b)Vit phn ng minh ho tnh oxiho , tnh kh ca 2 ion ny . 2) X , Y , Z v G l cc hp cht c oxi ca nguyn t A khi cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH u thu c cht B v nc . Nguyn t A c tng s ht proton v ntron b hn 35 v c s oxiho dng cc i l +5 . Hy lp lun tm ra cc cht X , Y , Z v G bit rng X c th lm cho qu tm ho , dung Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 1

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii 10 dch Z v G phn ng c vi dung dch axit mnh v dung dch baz mnh , khi cho Z phn ng vi dung dch CaCl2thu c cht kt ta mu trng. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho . Bi 10 : Hai nguyn t A v B u thuc phn nhm chnh . a)Nguyn t A c 2 e lp ngoi cng v hp cht X ca A vi oxi c cha 28,57 % khi lng oxi . Xc nh s khi ca A. b)Nguyn t B c 7 e lp ngoi cng v Y l hp cht ca B vi hiro . Bit khi cho 22,4 gam X tc dng va vi 200 gam dung dch Y 14,6 % thu c dung dch D . Tnh nng phn trm ca cht tan trong dung dch D . Bi 11 : Phn t khi ca ba mui XCO3 , YCO3, MCO3 lp thnh mt cp s cng vi cng sai bng 16. Tng s ht p, n ca ba ht nhn nguyn t X, Y, M l 120. a)Xc nh tn ba kim loi. b)Vit cu hnh e t xc nh v tr ca X, Y, M trong bng tun hon. c)Gii thch cc trng thi ho tr c bn ca ba kim loi trn . Bi 12 : Nguyn t A c 4 loi ng v c cc c im sau: +Tng s khi ca 4 ng v l 825. +Tng s ntron ng v A3 v A4 ln hn s ntron ng v A1 l 121 ht. +Hiu s khi ca ng v A2 v A4 nh hn hiu s khi ca ng v A1 v A3l 5 n v . +Tng s phn t ca ng v A1 v A4 ln hn tng s ht khng mang in ca ng v A2 v A3 l 333 . +S khi ca ng v A4 bng 33,5% tng s khi ca ba ng v kia . a)Xc nh s khi ca 4 ng v v s in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t A . b)Cc ng v A1 , A2 , A3 , A4 ln lt chim 50,9% , 23,3% , 0,9% v 24,9% tng s nguyn t . Hy tnh KLNT trung bnh ca nguyn t A . Bi 13 : a)Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t c s hiu z=116 . Xc nh v tr ca n trong bng tun hon . b)Nguyn t A c e sau cng c trng bi 4 s lng t vi tng i s l 4,5 . Hiu s lng t ph v s lng t t bng 0 . b.1-Vit cu hnh e ca A v xc nh v tr ca A trong tun hon . b.2-Kh X cu to t A v hiro . Khi lng ca 2,24 lt kh X 27,3 0C v 0,55 atm bng khi lng ca 1,68 lt O2 54,60C v 0,8 atm .Vit cng thc cu to ca X. Bi 14 : Mt hp cht ion cu to t cation M+ v anion X 2 c cng thc M2X2 c tng s cc loi ht l 164 , trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 52 ht . S khi ca M + ln hn s khi ca X- l 23 . Tng s ht trong ion M+ nhiu hn trong ion X 2 l 7 . a) Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng tun hon . b) Tm cng thc phn t ca hp cht ion trn . c) Khi cho hp cht M2X2 tc dng vi nc thu c dung dch B c tnh kim v tnh oxiho mnh , cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch cha Zn(NO3)2 v NH4NO3 sau phn ng thu c cht kt ta keo sau kt ta tan dn v mt cht kh khng mu b ho nu trong khng kh . Vit cc phn ng minh ho . Bi 15 : Cho hai nguyn t A v B c c im : +A c 3 lp e v c s e c thn ti a . +B c 3 lp e v c 7 e ho tr . 1/Vit cu hnh e v xc nh v tr ca A v B trong bng tun hon . 2/Khi cho Av B tc dng vi nhau thu c AB3 v AB5,sau cho cc cht ny tc dng vi nc thu c d/dch hn hp axit.Vit cc phn ng xy ra . Bi 16 : Hp cht M to nn t cation X+ v anion Y3- mi ion u do 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t phi kim to nn .Tng s proton trong X+ l 11, tng s e trong Y3- l 50 .Hai nguyn t trong Y3- thuc 2 chu k lin tip nhau trong bng un hon v c s th t cch nhau 7 n v . a)Xc nh cng thc phn t ca M . b)M t bn cht cc lin kt trong phn t M . Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 2
2 2

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii 10 Bi 17 : Hp cht MX2 kh ph bin trong t nhin . Ho tan MX2trong HNO3c nng thu c dung dch A cho kt ta trng khi tc dng vi BaCl2 v thu c kt ta nu khi tc dng vi dung dch NaOH . Hi cht MX2 l g ? C tn gi ra sao ? Vit cc phn ng xy ra . Bi 18 : Cho bit tng s e trong anion AB 3 l 42.Trong ht nhn A cng nh B u c s proton bng s ntron. a)Tm s khi ca A v B ? Vit CTCT ca AB2. b)Ly cc v d minh ho tnh cht ho hc ca AB2.
2

BI TP PHN T KHI CHT KH - PHNG TRNH TRNG THI KH

Bi 1 : Trn x mol O2 vi 2x mol SO2 1000C v 10 atm (c xc tc V2O5) vo bnh kn dung tch khng i . Nung nng bnh mt thi gian sau lm ngui xung 100 0C thu c hn hp kh A, lc ny p sut bnh l p. a)Thit lp biu thc tnh p vtnh t khi hi ca hn hp A so vi H2 theohiu sut . b)Hi p v dA/Hiro c gi tr trong khong no ? Bi 2: Hai kh X v Y c dc im : + T khi hi ca hn hp XvY so vi 2 kh CO2 v N2O l 1,2045(Xv Y cng th tch ). + T khi hi ca hn hp X v Y so vi NH3 l 3,09(Xv Y cng khi lng ). Hy xc nh khi lng phn t ca X v Y(gi s MX< MY). Bi 3 : t chy hon ton mt lng S trong bnh kn cha hn hp kh N 2 , O2 , SO2 ly theo t l th tch 3:1:1(cng ktc) . Sau khi t chy xong a v nhit ban u th c hn hp kh c t khi so vi hn hp u l 1,089. a)Hi p sut bnh trc v sau phn ng thay i nh th no ? Ti sao ? b)Tnh % theo th tch mi kh c trong hn hp sau phn ng ? c)Chng minh rng t khi ca hn hp kh thu c so vi hn hp ban u thay i trong khong : 1 d 1,088 . Bi 4 : Mt bnh kn dung tch khng i 9,09 lt cha O2v N2 theo t l th tch l 1:4 (kh o 00C v 721 mmHg) v 1 t bt lu hunh v xc tc V2O5 . Ngi ta bm thm oxi vo bnh p sut t 916,75 mmHg 270C ri nung bnh cho S chy ht thu c hn hp kh A, cho A vo dung dch NaOH d thy khi lng dung dch tng mt lng gp 2,25 ln lng S ban u v cn li kh B i ra c t khi so vi H2 l 14,07. a)Tnh % theo th tch cc kh c trong bnh trc khi nung . b)Tnh khi lng lu hunh chy . c)Tnh % theo th tch cc kh c trong hn hp A . Bi 5 : C hai bnh dung tch u l 8 lt c ni v[i nhau bng mt ng c kho k (dung tch ng khng ng k ) . Lc u kho k ng . Bnh 1 ng hn hp kh A gm H 2 , CO v HCl c p sut 0,42763 atm . Bnh 2 ng hn hp kh B gm CO , H2 v NH3 c p sut 0,458175 atm .Nhit hai bnh l 250C. Khi lng hn hp B nng hn hn hp A l 0,755 gam . S mol H2 trong A bng s mol CO trong hn hp B v s mol CO trong B bng s mol H2 trong A. M kho k cho kh 2 bnh khuych tn vo nhau sau mt thi gian thnh phn kh 2 bnh ng nht vo nhau lc ny p sut trong bnh l 0,415125 atm v 270C. a)Tnh % th tch mi kh c trong hn hp trc v sau khi m kho k. b)Tnh % theo khi lng mi kh c hn hp trc v sau khi m kho k.

Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 10

Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii

BI TP V PHN NG OXI HO-KH

Cn bng cc phn ng sau theo phng php thng bng electron 1)KMnO4 + KNO2 +H2SO4 MnSO4 + K2SO4 + ? + H2O . 2)Cu2FeSx + O2 Cu2O + Fe3O4 + ? . 3)P + NH4ClO4 H3PO4 + N2 + Cl2 + ? . 4)Cr2S3 + Mn(NO3)2 + K2CO3 K2CrO4 + K2MnO4 + ? + NO + CO2 . 5)As2S3 + HNO3 + H2O NO + H2SO4 + H3AsO4 . 6)CuS2 + HNO3 H2SO4 + NO + ? + ? . 7)MnO4- + SO32- + H+ Mn2+ + SO42- + ? . 8)C8H12 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 C7H10O6 + K2SO4 + CO2 + ? + ? . 9)K2C2O4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 CO2 + K2SO4 + ? + ? . 10)(C6H10O5)n + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + CO2 + ? . 11)CrI3 + Cl2 + KOH K2CrO4 + KIO4 + KCl + ? . 12)H2S + K2Cr2O7 +H2SO4 S + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + ? . 13)CrCl3 + H2O2 + NaOH Na2CrO4 + NaCl + ? . 14)FeS2 + HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + Fe(NO3)3 + SO2 + N2O + H2O . 15)C6H5CH=CH2 + KMnO4 +Ba(OH)2 (C6H5COO)2Ba + BaCO3 + + K2Ba(MnO4)2 + H2O . 16)MxOy + HNO3 M(NO3)n + NaOb + NH4NO3 + H2O . 17)Zn + HNO3 N2 + N2O + NH4NO3 + Zn(NO3)2 + H2O . 18)MxOy + CnHmOt MpOq + CO2 +H2O . 19)K2Cr2O7 + HCl + FeCl2 CrCl3 + Cl2 + FeCl2 + KCl + H2O .
Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 4

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 10

Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii

20)C17H31COOH + KMnO4 + H2SO4 C6H12O2 + C3H4O4 + C9H16O4 + + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O .

BI TP PHN HALOGEN
Bi 1 : Hon thnh cc s phn ng sau :

a) NaCl b) Cl2

? A CaCl2

Cl2 B Ca(OH)2 HBr H2SO4

? C X G

H2 D CaCO3 Cl2

? E X FeCl3 Y

CuS . F. NaOH Y

Bit A,B,C.D,E,F u l mui kali .

c) KBr

Br2

Bi 2 : Kh CO2 c ln hi nc c lm kh bng cht no trong cc cht sau : A. P2O5 B . H2SO4c . C . NaOH rn . D . CaCl2 khan . E . CaO mi nung . Bi 3 : Axit HCl c nhiu ng dng trong cng nghip v trong i sng . iu ch HCl theo 2 phng php : + Cho tinh th mui n tc dng vi axit Sunfuric c nng ri ho tan kh HCl vo nc . + Tng hp t Hiro v kh clo . Tuy nhin c 2 phng php ny u khng dng iu ch HBr v HI Hi : a)Vit cc phn ng cho c 2 phng php . b)Ti sao khng dng 2 phng php ny iu ch HBr v HI . c)Hy ngh phng php iu ch HBr v HI . Bi 4 : a)C 4 l mt nhn ng cc dung dch ring r sau : HCl , NaCl , NaBr , NaClO . Hy trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit cc dung dch trn . b)Vit phn ng iu ch HClO t hn hp gm HCl v HClO . Bi 5 : Cu hnh e lp ngoi ca nguyn t X l 5p5 . T s ntron v in tch ht nhn l 1,3962 . S ntron ca X bng 3,7 ln s ntron ca nguyn t Y . Khi cho 4,29 g Y phn ng vi lng d X thu c 18,26 g sn phm c cng thc l XY. Xc nh in tch ht nhn c X v Y , vit cu hnh e ca Y v ion c bn ca Y. Bi 6 : a) ngh mt phng php ho hc tinh ch NaCl khan c ln cc mui NaBr , NaI v Na 2CO3 . Vit cc phn ng minh ho . b)Mui n c ln Na2SO4 , NaBr , MgCl2 , CaCl2 , CaSO4 . Dng phng php ho hc iu ch mui n tinh khit , Vit cc phn ng minh ho . Bi 7 : a)Tinh ch Cl2 t cc hn hp sau : Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 5

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii 10 a.1) Kh Cl2 c ln N2 , O2 v H2. a.2) Kh Cl2 c ln CO2 . b)Dng phng php ho hc tch cc cht sau ra khi hn hp: BaCl 2, MgCl2, NH4Cl. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho . Bi 8 : a)Cho NaF, NaCl, NaBr, NaI ln lt tc dng vi H2SO4c th c th iu ch c HF, HCl, HBr, HI hay khng ? Ti sao ? Vit cc phn ng minh ho. b)Ho tan Fe d vo dung dch cha hn hp HCl v HBr thu c dung dch A. Cho dung dch A ln lt tc dng vi Cl2d, Br2 d. Vit cc phn ng xy ra. Bi 9 : Hp cht A c cng thc RX trong R chim 22,33% v khi lng. Tng s p,n,e trong A l 149. R v X c tng s proton bng 46 . S ntron ca X bng 3,75 ln s ntron ca R. a)Xc nh CTPT ca A. b)Hn hp B gm NaX, NaY, NaZ(Y v Z l 2 nguyn t thuc 2 chu k lin tip ca X). + Khi cho 5,76 gam hh B tc dng vi dd Br2 d ri c cn sn phm c 5,29 g mui khan. +Nu cho 5,76 gam hh B vo nc ri cho phn ng vi kh Cl2 sau mt thi gian c cn s/phm thu c 3,955 g mui khan trong c 0,05 mol ion Cl-. Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp B. Bi 10 : Hn hp A gm NaI v NaCl c t trong ng s t nng. Cho 1 lung hi Br 2 i qua mt thi gian thu c hn hp mui B trong c khi lng clorua bng 3,9 ln khi lng mui iodua, thi tip mt lung kh Cl2 d sau phn ng thu c cht rn C, nu thay Cl2 bng F2 thu c cht rn D. Khi lng D gim 2 ln so vi khi lng C gim (i chiu vi B). a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b) Tnh % khi lng hn hp A. Bi 11 : Cho m gam hn hp mui NaBr v NaI phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4c nng thu c hn hp kh A(ktc) . iu kin thch hp A phn ng va vi nhau thu c cht rn mu vng v mt cht lng khng lm chuyn mu qu tm. Cho Na d vo phn lng thu c dung dch B, dung dch B phn ng va vi 2,24 lt CO2(ktc)to ra 9,5 gam hn hp mui. Vit cc phn ng xy ra v tnh m=? Bi 12 : Cho 5 lt H2 v 3,36 lt Cl2 tc dng vi nhau ri ho tan sn phm vo192,7 g nc thu c dung dch A. Ly 50 g dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d thu c 7,175 g cht kt ta .(th tch kh o ktc). a) Tnh hiu sut phn ng gia H2 v Cl2. b) Cho 1,3 g hh 2 kim loi Mg v Fe vo 100 g dd A phn ng xong c cn th thu c 3,9625 g cht rn B . Xc nh thnh phn hn hp B. Bi 13 : Cho m gam hn hp X gm FeO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4tan trong dung dch H2SO4 long va thu c 500 ml dung dch Y. Chia Y lm 2 pjn bng nhau: +Phn 1 em c cn c 31,6 g mui khan. +Phn 2 cho 1 lung kh Cl2 d n khi phn ng hon ton ri c cn sn phm thu c 33,375 g mui khan. Vit cc phn ng xy rav tnh m=? Bi 14 : Ho tan hon ton 6,3175 g hn hp mui gm NaCl , KCl , MgCl 2 vo nc ri thm vo 100 ml dung dch AgNO31,2M sau phn ng lc tch kt ta A thu c dung dch B . Cho 2 g Mg vo dung dch B phn ng kt thc c kt ta C v dung dch D . Cho kt ta C tc dng vi dung dch HCl d sau phn ng thy khi lng ca C gim I 1,844 g. Thm NaOH d vo dung dch D lc kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 0,3 g cht rn E. a) Tnh khi lng cc kt ta A v C . b) Tnh % khi lng cc mui c trong hn hp ban u . Bi 15 : Khi cho 23,8 g hn hp X(Cu,Fe,Al) tc dng va vi 14,56 lt kh Cl 2(ktc) thu c hn hp mui Y . Mt khc c 0,25 mol hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 0,2 mol kh H2 . Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 6

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii 10 a)Tnh % khi lng cc kim loi trong hn hp X . b)Ho tan ht Y vo nc c dung dch Z, cho m gam Fe vo dung dch Z,Tm Z : + Dung dch thu c cha 2 mui . + Dung dch thu c cha 3 mui . + Dung dch thu c cha 4 mui . Bi 16 : Nung m gam hn hp A gm KClO3 v KMnO4 thu c cht B v kh O2(lc KClO3 b phn hu hon ton cn KMnO4b phn hu khng hon ton ) . Trong B c 0,89 g KCl chim 8,312%khi lng . Trn O2 thu c vi khng kh theo t l th tch l1:3 trong mt bnh kn thu c hn hp kh C , cho vo bnh 0,528 gam cacbon ri t chy ht cacbon thu c hn hp kh D gm 3 kh trong CO 2 chim 22,92% v th tch . a)Tnh m=? b)Tnh % v khi lng mi cht trong hn hp A. c)Thm KCl v H2SO4 d vo hn hp B un nng. Tnh th tch thu c ktc.

BI TP V OXI-LU HUNH V HP CHT

Bi 1:Hon thnh s phn ng :

a) FeS2

X +HCl Z

Y X B A

H2SO4 H2SO4 Fe(OH)2 M(kt ta)

X NaHSO4 B. Y

b) H2SO4

A G

(A + B)
Bi 2 :Chn 6 dung dch mui A , B , C , D , E , F ng vi 6 gc axit khc nhau tho mn : A + B C kh bay ra; A + C C kt ta v c kh bay ra. B + C C kt ta; D + E C kt ta; E + F C kt ta. D + F C kt ta v c kh bay ra. Bi 3 : a)Hon thnh s phn ng sau :

A1 A6 A5

A2 A3 A4

Bit rng mi mi tn l 1 phn ng v c 6 hp cht u l hp cht ca lu hunh . b)T Fe , Cu , S , Cl2 , v H2O c th iu ch c nhng axit no v nhng mui no . Vit phn ng minh ho .

Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 10

Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii

Bi 4 : S phn ng sau :

+Y A1 S X Y Z A3 +A4 +? +H2O A2 + A5 A1 + B1. A1 + B2. A5 + A4 S + H2O

+ A1 A2 +? +H2O A1

Bi 5 : Nhn bit bng phng php ho hc : a) Cc dung dch : (NH4)2SO4 ; CuSO4 ; Fe2(SO4)3 ; MgSO4 ; K2SO4 v Al2(SO4)3 . Ch dng mt dung dch lm thuc th . b) Cc Anion trong dung dch cha : Na+ ; NO3- ; SO42- ; SO32- ; CO32-. Bi 6 : Cho bit A , B , C , D , E l cc hp cht khc nhau ca lu hunh ln lt c cc mc oxi ho l : -2 ; -2 ; +4 ; +6 ; -2 .Vit cc phn ng theo s :

A D C
Bi 7: Hon thnh s phn ng sau :

B S E (C) (D) (E) PbS C

(B) (A) S (C)

FeS

(A)

(B)

BaSO4

Cc hp cht A , B , C , D , E u l hp cht ca lu hunh . Bi 8 : t chy x gam Fe trong oxi thu c 5,04 g hn hp cht rn A . Ho tan hon ton A trong dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu c 0,784 lt SO2 ktc . a) Vit cc phn ng c th xy ra . b) Tnh x=? Bi 9 : un nng hn hp gm Cu , CuO , Cu2O vi dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c khi lng kim loi bng 1/4 khi lng hn hp ban u . Cng lng hn hp trn nu un nng trong dung dch HCl c, d thy c 85% khi lng hn hp ban u tan c vo axit. a) Cho bit cch tch ht khi lng ng ra khi hn hp ban u . b) Tnh khi lng hn hp ban u cn dng iu ch c 42,5 gam Cu . Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 8

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii 10 Bi 10 : Cho 10,24 g hn hp X gm Cu , Mg , Fe tc dng vi 150 ml dd 2 axit HCl 2M v H 2SO4 2M (long) thu c 3,584 lt H2(ktc) sau phn ng lc cht rn B , cn li dd A . Ho tan B trong H2SO4 c nng d thu c V lt SO2(ktc) . Thm vo dung dch A NaOHd sau phn ng lc kt ta em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 9,6 gam cht rn C . a) Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hh A b) Tnh V=? c) Cho 2,56 g hh X tc dng vi 500 ml dd AgNO 3 0,17M thu c cht rn E. Tnh khi lng ca E =? Bi 11: 1) Khi cho a gam dd H2SO4 nng x% tc dng ht vi mt lng hn hp 2 kim loi Mg v Na(ly d) th thu c 0,05a gam H2. Tnh x = ? 2) Ho tan hon ton 16 gam hn hp kim loi Ba v mt kim loi kim vo nc thu c dung dch B v 3,36 lt H2(ktc) . Nu cho thm 99 ml dung dch Na2SO4 0,1M vo 1/10 dung dch B th thy trong dung dch cn d ion Ba2+ , cn nu thm tip 2 ml dung dch Na2SO4 na th thy d ion SO42- . Xc nh tn kim loi kim . Bi 12. Hn hp A gm hai kim loi X , Y c ho tr khng i v khng c kim loi no ho tr I . Ly 7,68 g hh A chia thnh hai phn bng nhau : Phn 1 nung trong kh O2 d oxi ho hon ton thu c 6 g hh rn B gm hai oxit . Phn 2 ho tan hon ton trong dung dch cha HCl v H2SO4long thu c V lt kh H2(ktc) v dung dch C . C cn dd C thu c p gam mui khan . a) Tnh V = ? b) Gi tr ca p nm trong khong no ? Bi 13 : Ho tan 7,18 g mt thanh st cha tp cht l Fe2O3 vo mt lng dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c 500 ml dung dch . Ly 25 ml dung dch cho tc dng vi dung dch KMnO 4 th phi dng ht 12,5 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,096M . a) Tnh hm lng % Fe nguyn cht . b) Nu ly cng mt lng thanh st nh trn v hm lng st tinh khit nh trn nhng tp cht l FeO v lm li th nghim nh trn th cn bao nhiu ml dung dch KMnO4 0,096M . Bi 14 : C hn hp gm Cu v kim loi M c ho tr thng gp < 4 . Cho 12g hn hp 2 kim loi trn tc dng vi H2SO4 c , nng , d thu c 1 kh Kh ny c hp th hon ton trong 1 lt dung dch NaOH 1M , sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu c 51,5 g cht rn . Cng 12g hn hp trn cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 2,24 lit H2 ktc , lc ny M c ho tr 2 . Xc nh tn kim loi M v tnh % ca M trong hn hp . Bi 15 : Mt sunfua kim loi c cng thc R2S, trong kim loi R th hin s oxiho +1 v +2 trong cc hp cht .t chy hon ton 1,6 g sunfua trong lng d oxi, ri ho tan cht rn thu c sau phn ng trong mt lng va dung dch HCl 29,2%. Nng ca mui trong dung dch thu c l 40,9%.Khi lm lnh dung dch ny thy c 1,71 g mui rn X kt tinh ra v nng ca mui trong dung dch sau khi tch mui rn gim xung cn 27,6%. a) Xc nh cng thc ca mui rn . b) Cho mt dung dch cha hn hp NaCl , HCl v mt lng mui X(dung dch A) . Tin hnh in phn (in cc tr) 400 ml dung dch A trong 1 gi .Hn hp kh thot ra 2 in cc c th tch 1,792 lit (ktc) . Cho kh ny li t t qua dung dch NaOH ly d thy cn li 0,448 lit (ktc) khng b hp th . trung ho dung dch cn li trong bnh in phn cn va 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,2 M. C cn dung dch trung ho thu c 2,66 g mui khan. b1) Xc nh nng mol ca mi cht trong dung dch A. Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 9

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 10 b2) Xc nh cng dng in .

Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii

HNG DN
Phn 1 : Cu to nguyn t . Bi 1 . X : 3s23p5 (Cl). Y : 4s2 (Ca) . Z : 3s23p4(S) . Hp cht : CaS v CaCl2 . Bn knh nguyn t : Ca>Cl>S . Bi 2 . PTB = 12 . Vy : pA + 8 = pB . Theo bi : pA + pB =24 . Nn pA = 8 (oxi ) v pB = 16 (Lu hunh ) phn cc : Na2O > Na2S . Bi 3 . -B thuc PNC nhm V nn A thuc PNC nhm IV hoc VI . -A v B khng th cng thuc chu k ln v pA + pB = 23 . -Nu A v B thuc mt chu k : pA + pA + 1 = 23 . Vy : pA =11(Na) v pB = 12(Mg) Loi v B khng thuc PNC nhm V. -Nu A v B u thuc chu k nh . B thuc PNC nhm V . B ch c th l N hoc P . + Nu B l N A l S ( hp l ) . + Nu B l P A l O ( loi v P c phn ng vi O ) . Vy cc hp cht l : SO2 , SO3 v NO2 v N2O4 c CTCT nh sau :

O O=SO; O=S O ; O N = O v O=NN=O O O

Bi 4 . Hp cht X c a ion : 10a + 10a + N = 92 . ng v bn : 10a 92 20a 15a . 2,6 a 3 . a = 3 . TH 1 : M2A . pM =10 + 1 =11 M l Na. PA = 10 2 =8 A l O . Vy X l : Na2O . TH 2 : MA2 . pM = 10 + 2 = 12.M l Mg PA = 10 1 = 9 . A l F Vy X l MgF2 . Kt qu : Na2O l hp l v khi X tan vo nc thu c dd c tnh kim . C M =0,02M . v C M = 0,1M . Bi 5 . Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X
NaCl NaClO

10

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 10 Hp cht A to thnh t X+ v Y- . pTB = 42/9 = 4,67 . Vy A c cha H . Y- cha 2 phi kim c p1 + 1 = p2 . + TH1: A c 2 ng t H : 2 + 3p1 + 4(p1+1) = 42 p1 = 36/7(loi). Hoc : 2 + 3(p1+1) + 4p1 = 42 p1 = 37/7 (loi) . + TH2: A c 3 ng t H : 3 + 2p1 + 4(p1+1) = 42 p1 = 35/ 6(loi). Hoc 3 + 2(p1+1) + 4p1 = 42 p1 = 37/6 (loi) .

Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii

TH3: A c 4 ng t H 4 + 3p1 + 2(p1+1) = 42 p1 = 36/5 (loi) . Hoc 4 + 3(p1+1) + 2p1 = 42 p1 = 35/5 = 7 Nguyn t l N Vy p2 = 8 Nguyn t l O . Hp cht l : NH4NO3 . Bi 6 . 2p1+6p2 + n1 + 3n2 = 196 (1) phng trnh : 2p1 +6p2 (n1 + n2) = 60 (2) 2p2 + n2 + 1 (2p1+ n1 -3) = 16 .(3). T (1) v (3) ta c : 2p2 + n2 = 52 . iu kin ng v bn : p2 52 2p2 1,5p2 . 14,8 p2 17,3 . Gi tr hp l : p2 = 17 v v n2 = 18 Nguyn t l Cl . P1= 13 v n1 = 14 . Nguyn t l Al . Bi 7 . Ta c : p + p + 1 + p + 2 +N = 74 . 3p + N = 74 . iu kin ng v bn : 3p + 3 74 3p 3 1,5(3p + 3) . 8,87 p 11,3 . Nghim hp l : + p = 11 : Na + p + 1 = 12 : Mg . + p + 2 = 13 : Al . Phng trnh : Na + H2O = NaOH + 1/2 H2 . Al + H2O + NaOH = NaAlO2 + 3/2H2 . +TH1 : Al phn ng ht Khi lng Mg = 6,15 g . Theo bi : Khi lng Mg = 6,6 g ( loi ) . +TH2 : Al d . Gi s mol Na l x . Ta c : x/2 +3x/2 = 0,2 x = 0,1 . Ta c h pt 27a + 24b = 6,15. 3a/2 + b = 0,275. Gii h ta c a = 0,05 mol v b = 0,2 mol . Bi 8 . pA + pB = 24 Vy pTB= 12 . Ta c h pA + pB = 24 pA + 8 = pB . Ta c pA=8 (oxi) v pB =16(S) n1 + 3n2 = 68 . p1+3p2 = 64 Theo bi ta c h

B l S nn C l Cl ( v zA< zB < zC) . Hp cht Z l:SxOyClz . x:y:z = a/32 : a/16 : 2,22a/35,5 = 1:2:2 . Vy Z l : SO2Cl2 .

CTCT l :

Cl
11

Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 10

Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii

S O
Bi 9 . 1) Ta c h pt :
2 2

Cl

pX +3pY = 40. PX + 4pY = 48 . pX = 16 (S) v pY = 8 (O) .

SO 3 v SO 4 . Phn ng : +) SO32- +Br2 + H2O HBr + SO42- . +) SO32- +H+ + S2- S + H2O . +) SO42- + H+ + Cu Cu2+ + SO2 + H2O . 2) Theo bi : PA + nA < 35 nn ta c : 2pA < 35 pA < 17,5 . Vy A chu k nh v thuc PNC nhm V . A l N hoc P . Nhng X l hp cht ca A v lm qu tm nn X l axit ca A. V Z, G va phn ng vi dd axit va phn ng vi dd baz Z v G l 2 mui axit ca A . Nghim hp l l : Xl H3PO4 ; Y l P2O5 ; Z l Na2HPO4 ; G l NaH2PO4 . Bi 10 . p n : A l Ca ; B l Cl . C%CaCl = 19,96 % . Bi 11 . Theo bi : M + M + 16 + M + 32 = 120 . M=24 : Mg M=40 : Ca M=56 : Fe . Ho tr c bn l : Mg2+ ; Ca2+ ; Fe2+ v Fe3+ . Bi 12 . 4p + n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 =825. (1) n3 + n4 n1 = 121 . (2) n1 n3 (n2 n4) = 5 . (3) 4p + n1 + n4 (n2 + n3) = 333 . (4) 100(p + n4) = 33,5(3p + n1 + n2 + n3) .(5) T (2) : n1= n3 + n4 121 . T (3) : n2= n1 n3 + n4 5 = 2n4 126 . Thay vo (4) ta c : 4p + n3 + n4- 124 + 2n4 n3 + 126 = 333 . p = 82 . Theo bi ta c h Phng trnh : Thay n1 , n2 v p vo (1) v (5) ta c h : 2n3 + 4n4 = 744 . 67n3 + 0,5n4 = 8233,5 Vy n1 = 126 v n2 = 124 . Cc s khi l : A1=208 ; A2=206 ; A3=204 ; A4= 207 ATB= 207,249 . Bi 13 . 1) Cu hnh e ca nguyn t Z=116 : 2 2 6 2 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p4. Chu k VII , PNC nhm VI . 2) Theo bi : n + l + m + ms = 4,5 . Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X n3 = 122 v n4=125

12

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 10 V l m = 0 . Nu ms= -1/2 n + l + m = 5 n + 2l = 5 n 5 . Ta c : n+2(n-1) 5 n 2,3 . Lp bng n 3 4 5 Ta c : m 1 l 0

Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii

Vy : n = 3,m = l = 1 . cu hnh e l 3p6 . A l Ar . Hoc : n=5 ; l = m =0 .cu hnh l : 5s2 . A l Sr . Nu ms= +1/2 n + l + m = 4 n + 2l = 4 n4 n + 2(n 1) 4 n 2 . Lp bng Ta c : n 2 3 4 m 1 l 0 Vy n = 2 , l = m = 1 v ms =+1/2 . Cu hnh e l : 2p3 . A l N Hoc n = 4 , l = m = 0 v ms=+1/2 . Cu hnh e l : 4s1 .A l K . Nghim hp l l nguyn t N .( c hp cht vi hiro) Hp cht c CT l : NxHy . S mol ca X = 0,05 mol . S mol ca O2 = 0,05 mol . Theo bi : mX=moxi nn MX =Moxi = 32 . Ta c pt : 14x + y =32 x=2,y=4 . Hp cht l N2H4 . Bi 14 . Theo bi ta c h pt 2(2z +n) + 2(2z+n) = 164 . (4z +4z) 2(n + n) = 52 . (z + n) (z + n) = 23 . 2z + n 1 2(2z +n + 2) = 7 . Gii h ta c : Kt qu : z = 19 v z = 8 . Hp cht l : K2O2 . Dung dch l : KOH v H2O2 . Phn ng : KOH + Zn(NO3)2 NH4NO3 + H2O2 2NO + 3H2O . Bi 15 . A l P v B l Cl cc hp cht l : PCl3 v PCl5 . Bi 16 . + Ta c pTB=11/5 = 2,2 . Vy X+ phi cha H (z=1) . Gi CT ca X+ l RnHm+ . Ta c h n+m=5. ZR . n + 1 . m = 11 . n=1 v m=4 , ZR =7 . R l N v X+ l : NH4+ . t ZTB l s proton trung bnh ca ht nhn cc nguyn t trong Y3- ZTB= 47/5=9,4 Vy 1 nguyn t to nn Y3- chu k 3 : Gi CT ca Y3-l AxBy3- . Ta c h pt : x+y=5. ZB=ZA+ 7 . ZA.x + ZB.y = 50-3 = 47 . Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 13

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 10 ZA.x + (ZA+ 7)(5-x) 47 . Nghim hp l l : (NH4)3PO4 . Bi 17 . MX2 l FeS2 c tn gi l pirit st . Bi 18 . +S p trong A l x +S p trong B l y . Ta c pt : x + 3y = 40. y < 40/3 = 13,3 . Vy B thuc chu k 2 -) Nu B l F A l Al (loi ) -) Nu B l N A l K (loi ) . -) Nu B l O A l S CT l SO32-(hp l ).

Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii

phi

kim

PHN 2 : T KHI CHT KH V PHNG TRNH TRNG THI KH

Bi 1 . 2SO2 + O2 = 2SO3 . Ban u : 2x x 0. Sau p. : 2x-2hx x-hx 2hx. Vy : n1=3x ; n2=3x-hx . 10 3x P1/p2= n1/n2 p = (3 h) x p = 10(3-h)/3 + Nu h=0 : p=10 atm . + Nu h=100 : p=20/3 atm . Vy 20/3 p 10 . MTB= mhh/nhh =(64.2x + 32.x)/(3-h)x = 160/3-h . Ta c : dA/hiro= 80/(3-h) . 80/3 d 40 . Bi 2 . Theo bi ta c : (MX + MY)/2 = 53 . 1/MX + 1/MY = 2/52,53 . MX2 - 106MX + 2784,09 = 0 . Nghim hp l : MX = 48 . My =58 . Bi 3 . S + O2 =SO2 . S mol hh u = 3x + x +x = 5x (mol ). S mol kh sau = 3x + x-a + x+a = 5x (mol) . Vy p khng i . MTB2= 1,089MTB1 . 28.3 x + 32.( x a ) + 64( x a ) 28.3 x + 32.x + 64.x 5x 5x = 1,089 . 180.x +32a = 180.1,089.x a=0,5x x=2a % V = Ta c : Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 14

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii 10 32a + 180 x 32a 180 x d= =1 + 180 x . Vi 0 a 0,5x 1 d 1,088. Bi 4 . 9, 09.721 S mol kh trc khi bm oxi : n1 = 760.0, 082.300,3 = 0,385 mol . Trong : noxi= 0,077 v nnit=0,308 . Sau khi thm oxi nhh= 0,445 mol . Vi noxi =0,137 v nnit=0,308 % V = Phn ng : S + O2 SO2 S mol x x x Tng ng S + 3/2 O2 SO3 . L : y 1,5y y tng khi lng =mSO2 + mSO3 = 64x +80y = 2,25.32(x+y) x = y . Kh B gm N2 v O2 d (v nu khng c oxi d th dB/hiro=28/2=14<14,07) . S mol oxi d l z mol . 0, 308.28 + 32 z MB= 0, 308 + z =2.14,07 z= 0,011 mol . Vy x+1,5y = 0,308-0,011 = 0,126 . Vy : x = y = 0,05 mol mS=32(x+y)=3,2 g . % V kh trong A = Bi 5 . Gi s mol ca H2 , CO , HCl ln lt l x , y , z mol . Ta c : x + y + z = 0,14 . Gi s mol H2 , CO , NH3 l x , y , t . Ta c : x + y + t = 0,15 . T ta c : t z = 0,01 . Theo bi : mB mA = 0,775 g . 26(x-y) + 17t 36,5z = 0,775 . Tng s mol kh 2 bnh l : 2(x+y) + t+ z = 0,29 . Sau khi m kho : nkh = 0,27 mol . P : HCl + NH3 = NH4Cl . NH3 p. ht v t-z=0,01 . nkh sau p = 2(x+y) + t-z = 0,27 . Gii h ta c : x=0,08 ; y=0,05 ; z=0,01 ; t=0,02 .T xc nh % V , % m =

PHN 3 : PHN NG OXI HO - KH CN BNG CC PHN NG SAU THEO PP THNG BNG E

1)2KMnO4 + 5KNO2 +3H2SO4 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 +5KNO3 + 3H2O . 2)6Cu2FeSx + (6x+7)O2 6Cu2O + 2Fe3O4 + 6xSO2. 3)8P + 4NH4ClO4 8H3PO4 + 5N2 +5Cl2 + 8H2O . 4)Cr2S3 + 15Mn(NO3)2 + 20K2CO3 3K2CrO4 + 15K2MnO4 + 2K2SO4+ + 30 NO + 20CO2 . 5)3As2S3 + 28HNO3 + 4H2O 28NO + 9H2SO4 + 6H3AsO4 . 6)2CuS2 + 20HNO3 6H2SO4 + 14NO + 3Cu(NO3)2 + 4H2O . Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 15

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 10 7)MnO4- + SO32- + H+ Mn2+ + SO42- + ? .

Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii

8)5C8H12 + 18KMnO4 + 27H2SO4 5C7H10O6 + 9K2SO4 + 5CO2 + 18MnSO4 + 32H2O . 9)5K2C2O4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 10CO2 + 6K2SO4 +2MnSO4 + 8H2O . 10)(C6H10O5)n + 4nK2Cr2O7 + 16nH2SO4 4nCr2(SO4)3 + 4nK2SO4 + 6nCO2 + 21n H2O 11)3CrI3 +27 Cl2 +64 KOH 2K2CrO4 +6KIO4 +54 KCl +32H2O . 12)3H2S + K2Cr2O7 +4H2SO4 3S + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 7 H2O 13)2CrCl3 +3 H2O2 + 10NaOH 2Na2CrO4 + 6NaCl +8 H2O . 14)FeS2 + HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + Fe(NO3)3 + SO2 + N2O + H2O . 15)2C6H5CH=CH2 +20 KMnO4 +13Ba(OH)2 (C6H5COO)2Ba +2 BaCO3 + + 10K2Ba(MnO4)2 + 16H2O . 16)(5a-2b+8)MxOy + (6nax-2nbx+2nx-2ay-4y)HNO3 x(5a-2b+8) M(NO3)n +(nx-2y) NaOb +(nx-2y) NH4NO3 +(3nax-nbx+3nx-ay+2y) H2O. 17)13Zn +32 HNO3 N2 + N2O + NH4NO3 + 13Zn(NO3)2 +14 H2O . 18)p(4n+m-2z)MxOy + 2(py-qx) x(4n+m-2z)MpOq + 2n(py-qx)CO2 + +m(py-qx)H2O. 19)K2Cr2O7 + HCl + FeCl2 CrCl3 + Cl2 + FeCl2 + KCl + H2O . 20)15C17H31COOH + 68KMnO4 + 102H2SO4 15 C6H12O2 +30C3H4O4 + +10C9H16O4 +68MnSO4 +34 K2SO4 + 112H2O . PHN 4 : BI TP HALOGEN Bi 1: a) NaCl HCl Cl2 HCl H2 H2S CuS . b) Cl2 KClO KClO3 KClO4 KCl KNO3 KNO2 . CaCl2 Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 Ca(HCO3)2 NaOH . c) KBr Br2 HBr HCl Cl2 FeCl3 FeCl2 . H2SO4 FeCl2

Bi 2 . Kh CO2 ln hi nc c lm kh bng : P2O5 ; H2SO4c ; CaCl2 khan . Bi 3 . Khng dng iu ch HBr v HI v xy ra phn ng : NaBr + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + SO2 + Br2 + H2O . NaI + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + I2 + H2S + H2O . Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 16

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii 10 + ) Phng php iu ch : Cho PBr3 + H2O HBr + H3PO3 ; Cho Br2 + H2S HBr + S . Cho I2 + H2S HI + S . Cho PI3 + H2O HI + H3PO3 . Cho KI , KBr + H3PO4 HI , HBr + KH2PO4 . Bi 4 . 1)+Cho dd KI + h tinh bt vo : Giy tm h tinh bt chuyn mu xanh l NaClO . NaClO + 2KI + H2O NaCl + I2 + 2KOH . +Dng qu nhn ra HCl . +Dng dd AgNO3 nhn ra NaCl v NaBr . 2)un nng hh , chng ct thu c Cl2O (kh) em ho tan vo nc c dd HClO: Cl2O + H2O HClO . Bi 5 . X c cu hnh 5p5 nn X l Iot . zI=53 n = 1,3962. 53 = 74 . M= 127 . Theo bi ta c : 18,26.2.Y 4,29.2.Y = 4,29.127.2 Y=39 . Nguyn t K . Ta c : nY = 74/3,7=20 zY = 39-20=19 . Vit cu hnh e Bi 6 . a)Cho hh + Cl2 d dd (NaCl , Na2CO3 , Br2) sau cho + dd HCl ri c cn thu c NaCl khan . b)Cho hh + dd BaCl2 d dd (NaCl , BaCl2 , NaBr, MgCl2 , CaCl2) . Sau cho + dd Na2CO3 d , lc b kt ta dd (NaCl , NaBr , Na2CO3). Ri lm nh trn . Bi 7 . a) +)Cho + H2d ri ho tan sp trong nc dd HCl . Sau cho +MnO2 thu ly kh Cl2 +) Cho + H2d ri ho tan sp trong nc dd HCl . Sau cho +MnO2 thu ly kh Cl2 b)Tin hnh nung hh ri ngng t thu c NH4Cl . Phn cn li em + dd NaOH d , lc kt ta em ho tan trong dd HCl ri c cn c MgCl2 khan . Dung dch nc lc cho + dd Na2CO3 d , ri lc kt ta em ho tan trong dd HCl , sau c cn sn phm thu c BaCl2 khan . Bi 8 . a)Xem bi 3 . b)Phn ng : Fe + 2HBr FeBr2 + H2 . Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 . Dd A + Cl2 : FeCl2 + Cl2 FeCl3 . FeBr2 + Cl2 FeCl3 + Br2 . Dd A + Br2 : FeCl2+ Br2 FeCl3 + FeBr3 . FeBr2 + Br2 FeBr3 . Bi 9 . Theo bi ta c h : 2ZR + NR + 2ZX + NX = 149 ZR + ZX = 46 NR + NX = 57 NX = 45 , NR =12 . NX = 3,75.NR MRX= ZR + ZX + NR + NX = 46 + 57 = 103 . Vy MR = 22,33.103/100 = 23 MX = 80 . Hp cht NaBr . b) hh NaCl(a mol ) ; NaBr(b mol) ; NaI(c mol) ta c h : 58,5.a + 103.b + 150.c = 5,76 . 58,5.a + 103.(b+c) = 5,29 . c=0,01 mol . Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 17

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii 10 +)Nu Cl2 ch phn ng vi NaI : K.lng mui = 5,76-0,01.150+0,1.58,5 = 4,845 g Theo bi m= 3,955 g (nn loi ). +)Vy Cl2 phn ng vi NaI v NaBr : Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2 . 0,04-a 0,04-a. Hh mui khan gm : NaBr d (b-0,04+a) . v NaCl ( 0,05) . Vy ta c : 58,5.0,05 + 103.(a+b-0,04) = 3,955 . a= 0,02 mol ; b= 0,03 mol ; c= 0,01 mol . Bi 10 . Gi s mol cc mui trong hh B : NaI (x mol) ; NaCl(y mol) ; NaBr(z mol) . 2NaI + Br2 2NaCl + I2 p. z mol z mol Trong A : NaI (x+z) mol ; NaCl y mol . Ta c : 58,5y = 3,9.150x y=10x . (1) Sc Cl2 : Cl2 + 2NaI = 2NaCl + I2 . v Cl2 + 2NaBr = 2NaCl + Br2 . Vy x mol x mol z mol z mol gim k.l : mB mC = 150x+103z (58,5x + 58,5z) = 91,5x+44,5z . ThayF2 : F2 + 2NaI = 2NaF + I2 ; F2 + 2NaBr = 2NaF + Br2 ; F2 + 2NaCl = 2NaF + Cl2 Cho Cl2 x x z z y y Vy : mB m D = 150x+58,5y+103z-(x+y+z)42 = 108x +61z + 16,5y . Khi : 108x+ 16,5y + 61z = 2.(91,5x+44,5z) (2). T (1) v (2) : x = 14z/45 v y = 10x = 140z/45 %NaCl=51,93 v %NaI=48,07 . Bi 11 . S mol : CO2 + NaOH = NaHCO3 v CO2 + 2NaOH = Na2CO3 + H2O . x x x y 2y y

Ta c h :

x + y = 0,1

84x + 106y = 9,5 . x=y = 0,05 mol . Vy nNaOH = 0,15 mol . nnc = 0,15 mol . 2NaBr + 2H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O S mol x x/2 8NaI +5H2SO4 = 4 Na2SO4 + 4I2 + H2S + 4H2O . S mol y y/8 2H2S + SO2 = 3S + 2H2O S mol y/8 x/2 0,15 Vy : y=8.0,15 = 1,2 mol ; x= 0,15 mol . m= 0,15.103 + 1,2.150 = 195,45 gam . Bi 12: Theo bi trong 50 g dd A : +) nHCl= nAgCl = 0,05 mol mHCl = 1,825 g v mnc = 50-1,825 = 48,175 g +) mHCl sinh ra = 1,825. 192,7/48,175= 7,3 g Do Vhiro > VClo nn : H = 0,2 . 100 / 0,3 = 66,67% . b) Mg + 2HCl = MgCl2 + H2 v Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2 . Ta c mCl-=3,9625 1,3 = 2,6625 g nHClp = nCl- = 2,6625/ 35,5 = 0,075 mol . Vy : nHCld = 0,2.100/(7,3+192,7) 0,075 = 0,025 mol . Theo bi ta c h : 24x + 56y = 1,3 Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 18

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii 10 95x + 127y = 3,9625 . x= 0,025 v y = 0,0125 . tp . Bi 13 . FeO + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2O . Fe3O4 x x Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 = Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O . S mol : y y Ta c : 152x + 400y = 31,6 . 6FeSO4 + 3Cl2 = 2FeCl3 + 2Fe2(SO4)3 . S mol x x/3 x/3 Vy : 162,5.x/3 + 400.x/3 + 400y = 33,375 . x=0,05 v y= 0,06 . Kt lun : m = 2(0,05.72 + 0,06.160) = 26,4 gam . Bi 14: Phn ng : NaCl + AgNO3 = AgCl + NaNO3.(1) KCl + AgNO3 = AgCl + KNO3 . (2) MgCl2 + 2AgNO3 = 2AgCl + Mg(NO3)2 . (3) Mg + 2AgNO3 = Mg(NO3)2 + 2Ag . (4) Mg + 2HCl = MgCl2 + H2 (5). Mg(NO3)2 + 2NaOH = Mg(OH)2 + 2NaNO3 .(6) Mg(OH)2 = MgO + H2O (7) . Kt ta A: AgCl . Dung dch B c p. vi Mg nn c AgNO3 d . Khi lng C gim khi td HCl C c Mg d . Vy C gm Mg ; Ag ; Khi lng gim = mMgd sau(4) s mol Mg tham gia (4) = (2-1,844)/24 = 0,0065 . Theo (4) s mol Mg(NO3)2 = 0,0065 . S mol Mg(NO3)2 to t (3) v (4) = s mol MgO = 0,3/40=0,0075 . Vy s mol Mg(NO3)2 to (3) = 0,001 mol .. Theo (4) s mol AgNO3 trong B = 2nMg = 0,0065.2 = 0,013 mol . Vy s mol AgNO3 (1) (2) (3) = 0,12-0,13 = 0,107 mol . Kt ta A : mAgCl = 0,107.143,5 = 15,345 g . Kt ta C : mAg (4) + mMg = 0,013.108 + 1,844 = 3,248.khi lng MgCl2 =0,001.95 Gi NaCl(x) v KCl(y) ta c : x + y + 2.0,001 = 0,107 58,5x + 74,5y + 0,095 = 6,3175 . x=0,1 v y=0,005 . Vy : Mg (0,095) ; NaCl (0,1.58,5) ; KCl( 0,005.74,5) . % = Bi 15 . Qui i : 64x + 56y + 27z = 23,8 . X + 3y/2 + 3z/2 = 0,65 Y + 3z/2 = 0,2(x+y+z)/0,25 . x=0,2 ; y=0,1 ; z=0,2 . Dd 3 mui : 0,05.56 mFe 0,25.56 . ( AlCl3 , FeCl2 , CuCl2 ) Dd 4 mui : mFe < 0,05.56 . ( FeCl2 , FeCl3 , CuCl2 , AlCl3) Dd 2 mui : mFe > 0,25.56 ( AlCl3 , FeCl2) . Bi 16 . KClO3 = KCl + 3/2O2 .(1) 2KMnO4 =K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 (2) .Gi noxi sinh ra = x mol nkk= 3x mol Vy s mol N2 = 2,4x mol . v tng s mol O2 = x + 0,6x Ta c : nC = 0,044 mol TH1: O2 d : 1,6x > 0,044 . C + O2 = CO2 hhD : O2d(1,6x-0,044) mA = 12,29 gam . CO2 (0,044) N2 (2,4x) CO2 chim 22,92% x= 0,048 mol . % hh A Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 19

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 10 TH2: O2thiu :

Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii

C + O2 = CO2 v 2C+ O2= 2 CO . hh D : CO2 (y mol) v N2(2,4x mol) v CO(3,2x-y) : 3,2x y = 0,044 . y.100 3, 2 x + 2, 4 x + y y = 22,92 . Vy : x=0,0229 v y= 0,02946 % hh A = Ta c mA = 11,49 gam .

TH1 : Vclo = 2,576 lt TH2 : Vclo = 3,23 lt .

PHN 5 : BI TP V OXI LU HUNH V HP CHT

Bi 1. a) X: H2S ; Y: SO2 ; Z: FeS . b) A :FeSO4 ; B: Fe2(SO4)3 ; G : FeCl2 . Bi 2. A : NaHSO4 ; B : Na2SO4 ; C: BaS ; D : Na2CO3 ; E : AgNO3 ; F : AlCl3 ; Bi 3 . a) A1: NaHSO3 ; A2: Na2SO3 ; A3:SO2 ; A4:SO3 ; A5: H2SO4 ; A6: NaHSO4 . b)Axit :HCl ; HClO ; HClO3 ; H2S ; H2SO4 ; Mui : FeCl2 ; FeCl3 ; FeSO4 ; Fe2(SO4)3 ; CuSO4 ; CuCl2 ; CuS ; FeS ; Bi 4. A1:H2S ; A2:SO2 ; A3:FeS ; A4: H2SO4 ; A5: HBr ; B1: FeBr2 ; B2: FeSO4 . Bi 5. a) Dng dd NaOH lm thuc th . b) +Dng dd Br2SO32+Dng dd HCl CO32+Dng dd BaCl2 SO42+Dng dd HCl v Cu NO3Bi 6: A: H2S ; B : Na2S ; C: SO2 ; D: H2SO4 ; E: FeS . Bi 7: A: SO2 ; B: H2SO4 ; C: H2S ; D: NaHS ; E: Na2S ; Bi 8: Fe + O2 hh A : FeO ; Fe2O3 ; Fe3O4 ; Fe d hhA + H2SO4 SO2(0,035 mol). Gi nFe=a v noxi=b ta c : 56a + 16b = 5,04 Theo LBT e : Fe 3e = Fe+3 O2 + 4e = 2O-2 Vy a 3a 4b b +6 S + 2e = S+4 2.0,035<-- 0,035 Ta c pt : 3a = 4b + 0,07 a = 0,07=b x=0,07.56 = 3,92 g Bi 9 : Gi nCu= x mol ; nCuO=y mol ; nCu2O=z mol ; 64x +80y + 144z = m. Tch : Cho hh + H2d Cu. Pt : CuO + H2 = Cu + H2O Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 20

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 10 Cu2O +H2 = 2Cu + H2O Khi cho + H2SO4 d CuO + H2SO4 = CuSO4 + H2O Cu2O + H2SO4 = Cu + CuSO4 + H2O. Ta c : 64(x+z) = m/4. (1) Khi un vi HCl c d : CuO + HCl = CuCl2 + H2O Cu2O + 2HCl = 2CuCl + H2O Ta c : 80y + 144z = 85m/100 (2) T (1) v (2) : z =10m/6400 v y = 50m/6400 T m gam hh thu c : (64x + 64y + 128z ) gam Cu . ? 42,5 gam Cu . 42,5m 64 x + 64 y + 128 z

Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii

Khi lng hn hp cn = = 50 gam . Bi 10 : Ta c : nH+=0,9 mol v nhiro=0,16 mol H+ d , Fe v Mg ht . Vi : nH+d =0,58 mol . x + y = 0,16 Rn C : Fe2O3 v MgO 40x + 160y/2 = 9,6 x=0,08 v y=0,08 mCu=3,84 g VSO2= 1,344 lt Trong 2,56 g X : nFe= 0,02 ; nCu= 0,015 ; nMg= 0,02 Ta c : s mol AgNO3 = 0,085 mol Mg ht ; Fe ht ; Cu phn ng mt phn mE = 0,04.108 + 0,04.108 + 0,005.108 + 0,0125.64 = 9,98 g Bi 11 : 1) H2SO4 + Mg MgSO4 + H2 C y y Theo bi : s mol H2SO4 =x.a/9800 H2SO4 + 2Na Na2SO4 + H2 a x.a /100 18 V t t Vy nnc = . H2O + Na NaOH + 1/2H2 Ta c : nhiro = 0,05a/2 = 0,025a . Vy : y + t + (a 0,01xa)/2.18 = 0,025a (1) V y + t = x.a/9800 (2) T (1) v (2) ta c x = 15,8%. 2) nBa = x v nM = y 137x + My = 1,6 Ta c x + y/2 = 0,015 Vi 0,0099 < x < 0,0101 0,0098 < y < 0,0102 T y =0,455/(68,5-M) 22,07 < M < 23,9 M l Na. Bi 12: X + O2 oxit moxi = 6 7,68/2 = 2,16 g. Y noxi = 0,0675 mol . O2 + 4e = 2O22H+ + 2e = H2. Vi: 0,0675 0,27 2a a Bton e : 2a = 0,27 a = 0,135 V = 3,024 lt . + Nu ch to mui Cl- : p = 7,68/2 + 0,135.2.35,5 = 13,425 gam . + Nu ch to mui SO42- : p = 7,68/2 + 0,135.96 = 16,8 gam . Thc t : To c 2 mui nn : 13,425 < p < 16,8 . Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 21

Trng THPT Anh sn 3 10 Bi 13: 160x + 56y = 7,18 Fe2O3 Fe2(SO4)3 + Fe 3FeSO4 S mol x x x 3x Vy Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 S mol y-x y-x Khi : nFeSO4 = 2x + y Pt : 10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 Fe2(SO4)3 0,006 0,0012 Vy nFeSO4 = 0,006.500/25 x = 0,01 v y = 0,1 %Fe = 77,99% c) Vdd KMnO4 = 0,0127 lt . Bi 14 : SO2 + NaOH(1 mol) 51,5g cht rn Vi : nSO2 = x Ta c : Nu NaOH ht : mcrn > 23.1 + 80x x< 0,36 nhng nNaOH =1 d NaOH loi Vy NaOH d lp h pt Bi 15 :R2S + O2 + RO + SO2 : 1,6g a/2 Gi nHCl = a mdd HCl =125a Vy : mRCl2= (R+71).a/2 ( R + 71).a / 2 Ta c : C% = ( R + 16).a / 2 + 125 =0,409 R= 64 Cu Ta c : nCu2S=0,01 nCuO=0,02 nCuCl2=0,02 . Vi : mdd CuCl2cn= 165a-1,71= 4,89 nCuCl2cn =0,01 nCuCl2 kt tinh=0,01 135 + 18n = 1,71/0,01=171 n=2 CuCl2.2H2O b) nCl2+nH2 = 0,08 v nH2 = 0,02 nCl2 = 0,06 nCl2 do p CuCl2=0,04 nCuCl2= 0,04. Vy NaCl cha in phn mKCl = 0,02.74,5 mNaCl = 1,17nNaCl=0,02 Ta c nHCl =2nH2 = 0,04 CM= 96500.0, 06.71 71.3600 I= = RO + 2HCl = RCl2 = H2O . a a/2

Ti liu n thi hc sinh gii

Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X

22