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Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn

cng n tp ton 8
i s
I. L thuyt:
1) Hc thuc cc quy tc nhn,chia n thc vi n thc,n
thc vi a thc,php chia hai a thc 1 bin.
2) Nm vng v vn dng c 7 hng ng thc - cc phng
php phn tch a thc thnh nhn t.
3) Nu tnh cht c bn ca phn thc,cc quy tc i du - quy tc rt
gn phn thc,tm mu thc chung,quy ng mu thc.
4) Hc thuc cc quy tc: cng,tr,nhn,chia cc phn thc i
s.
5. Th no l hai phng trnh tng ng? Cho v d.
6. Hai quy tc bin i phng trnh.
7. Phng trnh bc nht mt n. Cch gii.
8. Cch gii phng trnh a c v dng ax + b = 0.
9. Phng trnh tch. Cch gii.
10. Cch gii phng trnh a c v dng phng trnh tch.
11Phng trnh cha n mu.
12Cc bc gii bi ton bng cch lp phng trnh.
13Th no l hai bt phng trnh tng ng.
14. Hai quy tc bin i bt phng trnh.
15. Bt phng trnh bc nht mt n.
16. Cch gii phng trnh cha du gi tr tuyt i.
II. Bi tp:
A.Mt s bi tp trc nghim
1) Chn biu thc ct A vi mt biu thc ct B c ng
thc ng
Ct A Ct B
1/ 2x - 1 - x
2
a) x
2
- 9
2/ (x - 3)(x + 3) b) (x -1)(x
2
+ x + 1)
3/ x
3
+ 1 c) x
3
- 3x
2
+ 3x - 1
4/ (x - 1)
3
4/ (x - 1)
3
d) -(x - 1)
2
4/ (x - 1)
3
4/ (x - 1)
3
d) -(x - 1)
2
e) (x + 1)(x
2
- x + 1)
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
2)Kt qu ca php tnh
2 2
299 301
12000

l:
A. 1 B. 10 C. 100 D. 1000
3)Phn thc
1 8
4 8
3

x
x
c rut gn :
A.
1
4
2

x
B.
1
4
2
x
D.
1 2 4
4
2
+ + x x
4) biu thc
3
2
x
c gi tr nguyn th gi tr ca x l
A. 1 B.1;2 C. 1;-2;4 D. 1;2;4;5
5)a thc 2x - 1 - x
2
c phn tch thnh
A. (x-1)
2
B. -(x-1)
2
C. -(x+1)
2
D. (-x-1)
2
6)in biu thc thch hp vo trng trong cc biu thc sau :
a/ x
2
+ 6xy + ..... = (x+3y)
2
b/

,
_

+ y x
2
1
(..........) =
8
8
3 3
y x +
c/ (8x
3
+ 1):(4x
2
- 2x+ 1) = ............
7)Tnh (x + 2y)
2
?
A. x
2
+ x +
4
1
B. x
2
+
4
1
C. x
2
-
4
1
D. x
2
- x +
4
1
8) Nghim ca phng trnh x
3
- 4x = 0
A. 0 B. 0;2 C. -2;2 D. 0;-2;2
B. Bi tp t lun:
1/ Thc hin cc php tnh sau:
a) (2x - y)(4x
2
- 2xy + y
2
) b) (6x
5
y
2
- 9x
4
y
3
+
15x
3
y
4
): 3x
3
y
2
c) (2x
3
- 21x
2
+ 67x - 60): (x - 5)
d) (x
4
+ 2x
3
+x - 25):(x
2
+5)
e) (27x
3
- 8): (6x + 9x
2
+ 4)
2/ Rt gn cc biu thc sau:
a) (x + y)
2
- (x - y)
2
b) (a + b)
3
+ (a - b)
3
- 2a
3
c) 9
8
.2
8
- (18
4
- 1)(18
4
+ 1)
3/ Chng minh biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo bin x,y
A= (3x - 5)(2x + 11) - (2x + 3)(3x + 7) B = (2x + 3)(4x
2
-
6x + 9) - 2(4x
3
- 1) C = (x - 1)
3
- (x +
1)
3
+ 6(x + 1)(x - 1)
4/ Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh nhn t:
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
a) x
2
- y
2
- 2x + 2y b)2x + 2y - x
2
- xy c) 3a
2
- 6ab +
3b
2
- 12c
2
d)x
2
- 25 + y
2
+ 2xy
e) a
2
+ 2ab + b
2
- ac - bc f)x
2
- 2x - 4y
2
- 4y g) x
2
y - x
3
- 9y
+ 9x h)x
2
(x-1) + 16(1- x)
n) 81x
2
- 6yz - 9y
2
- z
2
m)xz-yz-x
2
+2xy-y
2
p) x
2
+ 8x + 15
k) x
2
- x - 12
l) 81x
2
+ 4
5/ Tm x bit:
a) 2x(x-5)-x(3+2x)=26 b) 5x(x-1) = x-1 c) 2(x+5) - x
2
-
5x = 0 d) (2x-3)
2
-(x+5)
2
=0
e) 3x
3
- 48x = 0 f) x
3
+ x
2
- 4x = 4
6/ Chng minh rng biu thc:
A = x(x - 6) + 10 lun lun dng vi mi x.
B = x
2
- 2x + 9y
2
- 6y + 3
7/ Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc A,B,C v gi tr ln nht ca
biu thc D,E:
A = x
2
- 4x + 1 B = 4x
2
+ 4x + 11 C = (x -1)(x
+ 3)(x + 2)(x + 6)
D = 5 - 8x - x
2
E = 4x - x
2
+1
8/ Xc nh a a thc: x
3
+ x
2
+ a - x chia ht cho(x + 1)
2
9/ Cho cc phn thc sau:
A =
) 2 )( 3 (
6 2
+
+
x x
x
B =
9 6
9
2
2
+

x x
x

C =
x x
x
4 3
16 9
2
2

D =
4 2
4 4
2
+
+ +
x
x x
E =
4
2
2
2

x
x x
F =
8
12 6 3
3
2

+ +
x
x x
a) Vi Iu kin no ca x th gi tr ca cc phn thc trn xc
nh.
b)Tm x gi tr ca cc pthc trn bng 0.
c)Rt gn phn thc trn.
10) Thc hin cc php tnh sau:
a)
6 2
1
+
+
x
x
+
x x
x
3
3 2
2
+
+
b)
6 2
3
+ x x x
x
6 2
6
2
+

c)
y x
x
2
+
y x
x
2 +
+
2 2
4
4
x y
xy

d)
2 3
1
x
2
9 4
6 3
2 3
1
x
x
x

+

11/ Chng minh rng:
5
2005
+ 5
2003
chia ht cho 13
b) a
2
+ b
2
+ 1 ab + a + b
Cho a + b + c = 0. chng minh:
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
= 3abc
12/ a) Tm gi tr ca a,b bit:
a
2
- 2a + 6b + b
2
= -10
b) Tnh gi tr ca biu thc;
A =
x
z y
y
z x
z
y x +
+
+
+
+
nu
0
1 1 1
+ +
z y x
13/ Rt gn biu thc:
A = 1
]
1

+ +
2 2 2 2
1
2
1
y x y xy x
: 2 2
4
x y
xy

14) Chng minh ng thc:


1
]
1

,
_


+
+
1
3
1
1
2
3
2
x
x
x
x x
:
1
2 1

x
x
x
x
15 : Cho biu thc :

,
_


,
_

+
+

1
2
2
1
4
2
2
1
2
x x x
x
x
A
a) Rt gn A.
b) Tnh gi tr ca biu thc A ti x tho mn: 2x
2
+ x = 0
c) Tm x A=
2
1
d) Tm x nguyn A nguyn dng.
16. Cho biu thc :

,
_

+

,
_

3
1
1 :
3
1
3
4
9
21
2
x x
x
x
x
x
B
a) Rt gn B.
b) Tnh gi tr ca biu thc B ti x tho mn: 2x + 1 = 5
c) Tm x B =
5
3

d) Tm x B < 0.
17: Tm cc gi tr nguyn ca x phn thc M c gi tr l
mt s nguyn:
3 2
5 7 10
2

x
x x
M
18.Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a) 5 (x 6) = 4(3 2x)
3
5
2
6
1 3
2
2 3
) +
+

+
x
x x
d
b) 3 4x(25 2x) = 8x
2
+ x 300
3
1
7
6
8
5
5 - 2x
- x )

+
+
+
x x
e
5
5
2 4
3
1 8
6
2 5
)
+

+ x x x
c
19.Gii cc phng trnh sau:
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
a) 2x(x 3) + 5(x 3) = 0 d) x
2
5x + 6 = 0
b) (x
2
4) (x 2)(3 2x) = 0 e) 2x
3
+ 6x
2
= x
2
+ 3x
c) (2x + 5)
2
= (x + 2)
2
20.Gii cc phng trnh sau:
) 2 )( 1 (
15
2
5
1 x
1
)
x x x
a
+

+

1
2
1
3
1 - x
1
)
2 3
2
+ +

x x
x
x
x
d
2
4
2 5
2 2 x
1 - x
)
x
x
x
x
b

+

16 8
1
) 2 ( 2
1
8 4
5
8x
7
)
2

+
x x x
x
x x
x
e
50 2
25
10 2
5
5 x
5 x
)
2 2 2

+
x
x
x x
x
x
c
21.Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a) x - 5 = 3 d) 3x - 1 - x = 2
b) - 5x = 3x 16 e) 8 - x = x
2
+ x
c) x - 4 = -3x + 5
22.Gii cc bt phng trnh sau ri biu din tp nghim trn
trc s:
a) (x 3)
2
< x
2
5x + 4 f) x
2
4x + 3 0
b) (x 3)(x + 3) (x + 2)
2
+ 3 g) x
3
2x
2
+ 3x 6 < 0
5
7
3
5 - 4x
)
x
c

>

0
5
2 x
)
+
h
4
1 4
3
5 3
3
2
1 2x
)
+

+
+ x x
d

0
3 - x
2 x
) <
+
i
5
2
3 2
4
1 2
5
3 - 5x
)

+
+
x x
e

1
3 - x
1 - x
) > k
23.Chng minh rng:
a) a
2
+ b
2
2ab 0 d) m
2
+ n
2
+ 2 2(m + n)
ab
b
b
+
2
a
)
2 2

4
1
a
1
b) (a )
,
_

+ +
b
e
(vi a > 0, b >
0)
c) a(a + 2) < (a + 1)
2
24.Cho m < n. Hy so snh:
a) m + 5 v n + 5 c) 3m + 1 v - 3n + 1
b) - 8 + 2m v - 8 + 2n
5 5
2
m
)
2
n
v d
25.Cho a > b. Hy chng minh:
a) a + 2 > b + 2 c) 3a + 5 > 3b + 2
b) - 2a 5 < - 2b 5 d) 2 4a < 3 4b
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
26.Lc 7 gi sng, mt ngi i xe p khi hnh t A vi vn tc 10km/h.
Sau lc 8 gi 40 pht, mt ngi khc i xe my t A ui theo vi
vn tc 30km/h. Hi hai ngi gp nhau lc my gi.
27.Hai ngi i b khi hnh hai a im cch nhau 4,18 km i ngc
chiu nhau gp nhau. Ngi th nht mi gi i c 5,7 km. Ngi
th hai mi gi i c 6,3 km nhng xut pht sau ngi th nht 4 pht.
Hi ngi th hai i trong bao lu th gp ngi th nht.
28.Lc 6 gi, mt t xut pht t A n B vi vn tc trung bnh
40km/h. Khi n B, ngi li xe lm nhim v giao nhn hng trong 30
pht ri cho xe quay tr v A vi vn tc trung bnh 30km/h. Tnh qung
ng AB bit rng t v n A lc 10 gi cng ngy.
29.Hai xe my khi hnh lc 7 gi sng t A n B. Xe my th nht
chy vi vn tc 30km/h, xe my th hai chy vi vn tc ln hn vn tc
ca xe my th nht l 6km/h. Trn ng i xe th hai dng li ngh 40
pht ri li tip tc chy vi vn tc c. Tnh chiu di qung ng AB,
bit c hai xe n B cng lc.
30.Mt can tun tra i xui dng t A n B ht 1 gi 20 pht v ngc
dng t B v A ht 2 gi. Tnh vn tc ring ca can, bit vn tc dng
nc l 3km/h.
31.Mt t may o theo k hoch mi ngy phi may 30 o. Nh ci tin
k thut, t may c mi ngy 40 o nn hon thnh trc thi hn
3 ngy ngoi ra cn may thm c 20 chic o na. Tnh s o m t
phi may theo k hoch.
32.Hai cng nhn nu lm chung th trong 12 gi s hon thnh cng
vic. H lm chung trong 4 gi th ngi th nht chuyn i lm vic
khc, ngi th hai lm nt cng vic trong 10 gi. Hi ngi th hai lm
mt mnh th bao lu hon thnh cng vic.
33.Mt t sn xut d nh hon thnh cng vic trong 10 ngy. Thi
gian u, h lm mi ngy 120 sn phm. Sau khi lm c mt na s
sn phm c giao, nh hp l ho mt s thao tc, mi ngy h lm
thm c 30 sn phm na so vi mi ngy trc . Tnh s sn phm
m t sn xut c giao.
34.Hai t sn xut cng lm chung cng vic th hon thnh trong 2
gi. Hi nu lm ring mt mnh th mi t phi ht bao nhiu thi
gian mi hon thnh cng vic, bit khi lm ring t 1 hon thnh sm
hn t 2 l 3 gi.
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
Hnh hc
I. L Thuyt
1) nh ngha t gic,t gic li,tng cc gc ca t gic.
2) Nu nh ngha,tnh cht,du hiu nhn bit ca hnh
thang,hnh than cn, hnh thang vung,hnh ch nht,hnh
bnh hnh,hnh thoi, hnh vung .
3) Cc nh l v ng trung bnh ca tam gic,ca hnh thang.
4) Nu nh ngha hai im i xng,hai hnh i xng qua 1
ng thng; Hai im i xng,hai hnh i xng qua 1
im,hnh c trc i xng,hnh c tm i xng.
5) Tnh cht ca cc im cch u 1 ng thnh cho trc.
6) nh ngha a gic u,a gic li,vit cng thc tnh din
tch ca: hnh ch nht,hnh vung,tam gic,hnh thang,hnh
bnh hnh,hnh thoi.
7. nh l Talet, nh l Talet o, h qu ca nh l Talet.
8. Tnh cht ng phn gic ca tam gic.
9. Cc trng hp ng dng ca tam gic.
10. Cc trng hp ng dng ca tam gic vung.
11Cng thc tnh th tch ca hnh hp ch nht, din tch xung
quanh v th tch ca hnh lng tr ng, din tch xung quanh v
th tch ca hnh chp u.
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
II. Bi Tp:
A. Mt s bi tp trc nghim
1)Mt t gic l hnh vung nu n l :
T gic c 3 gc vung
Hnh bnh hnh c mt gc vung
Hnh thoi c mt gc vung
Hnh thang c hai gc vung
2)Trong cc hnh sau hnh no khng c trc i xng :
A. Hnh thang cn B. Hnh bnh hnh
C. Hnh ch nht C. Hnh thoi
3)Trong cc hnh sau hnh no khng c tm i xng :
A. Hnh thang cn B. Hnh bnh hnh
C. Hnh ch nht C. Hnh thoi
4)Cho MNP vung ti M ; MN = 4cm ; NP = 5cm. Din tch MNP
bng :
A. 6cm2 B. 12cm
2
C. 15cm
2
D.20cm
2
13)Hnh vung c -
ng cho bng 4dm th cnh bng :
A. 1dm B. 4dm C. 8 dm D.
3
2
dm
5)Hnh thoi c hai ng cho bng 6cm v 8cm th chu vi hnh
thoi bng
A. 20cm B. 48cm C. 28cm D. 24cm
6)Hnh thang cn l :
A. Hnh thang c hai gc bng nhau
B. Hnh thang c hai gc k mt y bng nhau
C. Hnh thang c hai cnh bn bng nhau
B. BI TP T LUN
1/ Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c BC = 2AB v gc A = 60
0
. Gi E,F
theo th t l trung Im ca BC v AD.
T gic ECDF l hnh g?
T gic ABED l hnh g? V sao ?
Tnh s o ca gc AED.
2/ Cho ABC. Gi M,N ln lt l trung im ca BC,AC. Gi H l
im i xng ca N qua M.
a) C/m t gic BNCH v ABHN l hbh.
b) ABC tha mn iu kin g th t gic BCNH l hnh ch
nht.
3/ Cho t gic ABCD. Gi O l giao im ca 2 ng cho ( khng
vung gc),I v K ln lt l trung im ca BC v CD. Gi M v N
theo th t l im i xng ca im O qua tm I v K.
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
a) C/mrng t gic BMND l hnh bnh hnh.
b) Vi iu kin no ca hai ng cho AC v BD th t gic
BMND l hnh ch nht.
c) Chng minh 3 im M,C,N thng hng.
4/ Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Gi E v F ln lt l trung im ca AD v BC.
ng cho AC ct cc on thng BE v DF theo th t ti P v Q.
a) C/m t gic BEDF l hnh bnh hnh.
b) Chng minh AP = PQ = QC.
c) Gi R l trung im ca BP. Chng minh t gic ARQE l hnh
bnh hnh.
5/ Cho t gic ABCD. Gi M,N,P,Q ln lt l trung im ca
AB,BC,CD,DA.
a) T gic MNPQ l hnh g? V sao?
b) Tm iu kin ca t gic ABCD t gic MNPQ l hnh
vung?
c) Vi iu kin cu b) hy tnh t s din tch ca t gic ABCD
v MNPQ
6/ Cho ABC,cc ng cao BH v CK ct nhau ti E. Qua B k -
ng thng Bx vung gc vi AB. Qua C k ng thng Cy vung
gc vi AC. Hai ng thng Bx v Cy ct nhau ti D.
a) C/m t gic BDCE l hnh bnh hnh.
b) Gi M l trung im ca BC. Chng minh M cng l trung im
ca ED.
c) ABC phi tha mn /kin g th DE i qua A
7/ Cho hnh thang cn ABCD (AB//CD),E l trung im ca AB.
a) C/m EDC cn
b) Gi I,K,M theo th t l trung im ca BC,CD,DA. Tg EIKM l
hnh g? V sao?
c) Tnh S
ABCD
,S
EIKM
bit EK = 4,IM = 6.
8/ Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. E,F ln lt l trung im ca AB v
CD.
a) T gic DEBF l hnh g? V sao?
b) C/m 3 ng thng AC,BD,EF ng qui.
c) Gi giao im ca AC vi DE v BF theo th t l M v N. Chng
minh t gic EMFN l hnh bnh hnh.
d) Tnh S
EMFN
khi bit AC = a,BC = b.
9.Cho hnh thang ABCD (AB//CD) ,mt ng thng song song vi 2
y, ct cc cnh AD,BC M v N sao cho MD = 2MA.
a.Tnh t s .
b.Cho AB = 8cm, CD = 17cm.Tnh MN?
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
10.Cho hnh thang ABCD(AB//CD).M l trung im ca CD.Gi I l
giao im ca AM v BD, gi K l giao im ca BM v AC.
a.Chng minh IK // AB
b.ng thng IK ct AD, BC theo th t E v F.Chng minh: EI =
IK = KF.
11.Tam gic ABC c AB = 6cm, AC = 12cm, BC = 9cm.Gi I l giao
im ca cc ng phn gic , G l trng tm ca tam gic.
a.Chng minh: IG//BC
b.Tnh di IG
12.Cho hnh thoi ABCD.Qua C k ng thng d ct cc tia i
ca tia BA v CA theo th t E, F.Chng minh:
a.
b.
c. =120
0
( I l giao im ca DE v BF)
13..Cho tam gic ABC v cc ng cao BD, CE.
a,Chng minh:
b.Tnh bit = 48
0
.
14.Cho tam gic ABC vung A, ng cao AH, BC = 20cm, AH =
8cm.Gi D l hnh chiu ca H trn AC, E l hnh chiu ca H trn
AB.
a.Chng minh tam gic ADE ng dng vi tam gic ABC.
b.Tnh din tch tam gic ADE
15.Cho tam gic ABC vung A, AB = 15cm, AC = 20cm, ng
phn gic BD.
a.Tnh di AD?
b.Gi H l hnh chiu ca A trn BC. Tnh di AH, HB?
c.Chng minh tam gic AID l tam gic cn.
16.Tam gic ABC cn ti A, BC = 120cm, AB = 100cm.Cc ng
cao AD v BE gp nhau H.
a.Tm cc tam gic ng dng vi tam gic BDH.
b.Tnh di HD, BH
c.Tnh di HE
17.Cho tam gic ABC, cc ng cao BD, CE ct nhau H.Gi K l
hnh chiu ca H trn BC.Chng minh rng:
a.BH.BD = BK.BC
b.CH.CE = CK.CB
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
18.Cho hnh thang cn MNPQ (MN //PQ, MN < PQ), NP = 15cm, ng
cao NI = 12cm, QI = 16 cm.
a) Tnh IP.
b) Chng minh: QN NP.
c) Tnh din tch hnh thang MNPQ.
d) Gi E l trung im ca PQ. ng thng vung gc vi EN ti N ct
ng thng PQ ti K. Chng minh: KN
2
= KP . KQ
19.Cho tam gic ABC vung to A; AB = 15cm, AC = 20cm, ng cao
AH.
a) Chng minh: HBA ng dng vi ABC.
b) Tnh BC, AH.
c) Gi D l im i xng vi B qua H. V hnh bnh hnh ADCE. T
gic ABCE l hnh g? Ti sao?
d) Tnh AE.
e) Tnh din tch t gic ABCE.
20.Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A (AB < AC), ng cao AH. T B k tia Bx
AB, tia Bx ct tia AH ti K.
a) T gic ABKC l hnh g ? Ti sao?
b) Chng minh: ABK ng dng vi CHA. T suy ra: AB . AC = AK .
CH
c) Chng minh: AH
2
= HB . HC
d) Gi s BH = 9cm, HC = 16cm. Tnh AB, AH.
21.Cho tam gic ABC c ba gc nhn. ng cao AF, BE ct nhau ti H. T
A k tia Ax vung gc vi AC, t B k tia By vung gc vi BC. Tia Ax v By
ct nhau ti K.
a) T gic AHBK l hnh g? Ti sao?
b) Chng minh: HAE ng dng vi HBF.
c) Chng minh: CE . CA = CF . CB
d) ABC cn thm iu kin g t gic AHBK l hnh thoi.
22.Cho tam gic ABC, AB = 4cm, AC = 5cm. T trung im M ca AB v
mt tia Mx ct AC ti N sao cho gcAMN = gcACB.
a) Chng minh: ABC ng dng vi ANM.
b) Tnh NC.
c) T C k mt ng thng song song vi AB ct MN ti K. Tnh t s
MK
MN
.
23.Cho ABC c AB = 4cm, AC = 5cm, BC = 6cm. Trn tia i ca tia
AB ly im D sao cho AD = 5cm.
a) Chng minh: ABC ng dng vi CBD.
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
b) Tnh CD.
c) Chng minh: gcBAC = 2.gcACD
24.Cho tam gic vung ABC (gcA = 90
o
), ng cao AH.
Bit BH = 4cm, CH = 9cm.
a) Chng minh: AB
2
= BH . BC
b) Tnh AB, AC.
c) ng phn gic BD ct AH ti E (D AC). Tnh
DBA
EBH
S
S
v chng minh:
DA
DC
EH
EA

.
25.Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Trn cnh BC ly im F. Tia AF ct BD
v DC ln lt E v G. Chng minh:
a) BEF ng dng vi DEA.
DGE ng dng vi BAE.
b) AE
2
= EF . EG
c) BF . DG khng i khi F thay i trn cnh BC.
26.Cho ABC, v ng thng song song vi BC ct AB D v ct AC
E. Qua C k tia Cx song song vi AB ct DE G.
a) Chng minh: ABC ng dng vi CEG.
b) Chng minh: DA . EG = DB . DE
c) Gi H l giao im ca AC v BG. Chng minh: HC
2
= HE . HA
27.Cho ABC cn ti A (gc A < 90
o
). Cc ng cao AD v CE ct nhau
ti H.
a) Chng minh: BEC ng dng vi BDA.
b) Chng minh: DHC ng dng vi DCA. T suy ra: DC
2
= DH .
DA
c) Cho AB = 10cm, AE = 8cm. Tnh EC, HC.
28.Quan st lng tr ng tam gic (hnh 1) ri in s thch hp vo
trng trong bng sau:
a (cm) 6 10
b (cm) 3
c (cm) 5 7
h (cm) 8
Chu vi y
(cm)
22
S
xq
(cm
2
) 88
Cng n Tp Ton 8
a
h
b
c
Hnh 1
A
C
B
A'
B'
C'
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
29.Hnh lng tr ng ABC.ABC c hai y ABC v ABC l cc tam
gic vung ti A v A (hnh 2).
Tnh S
xq
v th tch ca hnh lng tr.
Bit: AB = 9cm, BC = 15cm, AA = 10cm.
CU HI N TPCHUNG
Cu 1:Tch cac nghiem cua phng trnh (4x 10 )(5x + 24) = 0
la:
a) 24 b) - 24 c) 12
d) 12
Cau 2 : Mot phng trnh bac nhat mot an co may
nghiem:
a) Vo nghiem b) Co vo so nghiem
c) Luon co mot nghiem duy nhat
d) Co the vo nghiem , co the co mot nghiem duy nhat
va cung co the co vo so nghiem.
Cau 3 :Cho x < y , cac bat ang thc nao sau ay ung :
a) x 5 < y 5 b) 3x > 3y c) 2x 5 < 2y 5 d) ca a,b,c
eu ung.
Cau 4 : So nguyen x ln nhat thoa man bat phng trnh
2,5 + 0,3x < 0,5 la:
a) 11 b) 10 c) 11 d) mot so khac
Cau 5: Cho AB = 39dm ; CD = 130cm. t so hai oan thang
AB va CD la:
a)
39
130
b)
130
39
c)
1
3
d) 3
Cau 6: Cho hnh lang tru ng ay tam giac co kch thc
3 cm, 4 cm, 5cm va chieu cao 6 cm. The tch cua no la:
a) 60 cm
3
b) 360 cm
3
c) 36 cm
3
d) mot ap
so khac.
Cau 7: ien vao cho trong ( .)
a) Hnh lap phng co canh bang a. Dien tch toan phan
cua no bang:. . . . .
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Hnh 2
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
b) Hnh hop ch nhat co ba kch thc lan lt la3dm,
4dm, 50cm. The tch cua no bang:. . . .
Cau 8: Bat phng trnh nao di ay la bat phng trnh
bac nhat mot an ?
A.
2
x
- 5 > 0 B.
1
2
- x+1 < 0 C. 3x + 3y > 0 D. 0.x + 5 < 0
Cau 9:
Cho phng trnh ( 3x + 2k 5 ) ( 2x 1 ) = 0 co mot nghiem x
= 1. Vay k = ? :
A. 1 B. 1 C. 0 D. 2
Cau 10: Cho bat phng trrnh -
1 3
3 2
x< . Phep bien oi nao
di ay ung ?
A.
9
2
x>- B.
9
2
x<-
C.
1
2
x> D.
2
9
x>-
Cau 11 : Tap nghiem cua bat phng trnh 5 2x 0 la:
A.
5
x/ x
2

' ;

B.
5
x/ x
2

' ;

C.
5
x/ x
2

>
' ;

D.
5
x/ x
2

<
' ;

Cau 12: Cho bat phng trnh x
2
2x < 3x . Cac gia tr nao
sau ay cua x KHONG phai la nghiem ?
A. x = 1 B. x = 2 C. x = 3 D. x = 4
E. x = 5
Cau 13 : So nguyen x ln nhat thoa man bat phng
trnh 5,2 + 0,3 x < - 0,5 la:
A. 20 B. x 19 C. 19 D. 20 E. Mot so khac
Cau 14 : ien vao cho trong (..) ket qua ung :
a/ Hnh hop ch nhat co ba kch thc lan lut la : a
2
,2 ,
2
a
a

the tch cua hnh hop la .
b/ Dien tch toan phan cua mot hnh lap phng la 216
cm
2
th the tch cua no la .
Cau15 : Trong cac cau sau, cau nao ung ( ) ? cau nao
sai ( S ) ?
a/ Cac mat ben cua hnh lang tru ng la hnh ch nhat
b / Nghiem cua bat phng trnh 5 - 3x < ( 4 + 2x ) 1 la
2
3

Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
Cu 16 : Tng cc nghim ca phng trnh (2x 5 ) ( 2x 3 ) = 0 l :
A. 4 B. 4 C.
15
4
D.
15
4


Cu 17 : S nghim ca phng trnh x
3
+1 = x ( x + 1 ) , l :
A. 0 B . 1 C. 2 D. 3
C u 18 : C bao nhiu s nguyn x tha mn bt phng trnh :
2
x 2x 26 2x
A. 5 B. 6 C. 10 D. 11
E. 12
Cu 19: gi tr ca biu thc ( n 10 )
2
khng ln hn gi tr ca biu thc n
2
-
100 th gi tr ca n l :
A. n > 10 B. n < 10 C. n 10 D.
n 10
Cu 20 : Nu ABC ng dng v i A B C
theo t ng dng l
1
3
v A B C

ng dng vi A B C theo t ng dng l
2
5
th ABC ng dng vi A B C
theo t ng dng l :
A.
2
15
B .
8
15
C.
5
6
D.
3
8
Cu 21 : Cho ABC vung ti A, c AB = 21 cm, AC = 28 cm v BD l phn gic
ca

ABC
th di DA = ..v DC = .
Cu 22 : Cho hnh hp ch nht c ba kch thc l 25 cm, 34cm, 62 cm th ng
cho ca hnh h p ch nht d = ..v th tch hnh hp ch nht V =
Cu 23: Mt hnh lng tr ng c chiu cao 12 cm v mt y l tam gic u c
cnh l 15cm th din tch xung quanh ca hnh lng tr: S
xq
= ..v th tch ca
hnh lng tr V= .
Cu 24: Tch cc nghim ca phng trnh (2x 5 ) ( 2x 3 ) = 0 l :
A. 4 B. 4 C.
15
4
D.
15
4


Cu 25 : S nghim ca phng trnh
2
2
2x 10x
x 3
x 5x

, l :
A. 0 B . 1 C. 2 D. 3
C u 26 : C bao nhi u s t nhin x tha mn bt phng trnh :
2
x 2x 26 2x
A. 5 B. 6 C. 10 D. 11 E. 12
Cu 27: gi tr ca biu thc (n 10 )
2
khng b hn gi tr ca biu thc n
2
-
100 th gi tr ca n l :
A. n > 10 B. n < 10 C. n 10 D. n 10
Cu 28 : NuABC ng dng vI A B C
theo t ng dng l
2
5
v din tch
ABC l 180 cm
2
th din tch ca A B C
l :
A.80 cm

B.120 cm
2
C. 2880 cm
2
D. 1225 cm
2
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
Cu 29 : Cho ABC vung ti A, c AB = 21 cm, AC = 28 cm v AD l phn gic
ca

BAC
th di DB = ..v DC = .
Cu 30 : Cho mt hnh lp phng c din tch tan phn 1350 dm
3
th ng
cho ca hnh lp phng l d = . v th tch hnh lp phng l V = .
Cu 31: : Mt hnh lng tr ng c chiu cao 12 cm v y l tam gic u c
cnh l 15cm th din tch tan phn ca hnh lng tr Stp = ..v th tch ca
hnh lng tr V= .
Cu 32/Bat phng trnh nao di ay la bat phng trnh
bac nhat mot an?
A.
1
x
-2> 0 C. x
2
+1> 0 B.
1
3
4
x +
< 0 D.
0x+5< 1
Cu 33/ Cho bat phng trnh : -5x+10 > 0. Phep bien oi
nao di ay ung?
A. 5x> 10 C. 5x> -10 B. 5x< 10
D. x< -10
Cu 34/ Gia tr cua m e phng trnh 2x+m = x-1 nhan x=-
2 lam nghiem la:
A. -1 C.-7 B. 1 D. 7
Cu 35/ Cho hnh lang tru ng ay tam giac co kch thc
3cm; 4cm; 5cm va chieu cao7cm. Dien tch xung quanhcua
no la:
A. 42cm
2
C. 84 cm
2
B. 21 cm
2
D. 105
cm
2
Cu 36/ ien vao cho trong ( ) ket qua ung
a)Mot hnh lang tru ng ay tam giac co kch
thc 5cm; 12cm; 13cm. Biet dien tch xung quanh cua hnh
lang tru o la240 cm
2
th chieu cao h cua hnh lang tru o
la
b) Mot hnh lap phng co canh 2cm. ng cheo
cua no la
Cu 37/ Trong cac cau sau cau nao ung () ? Cau nao sai
(S)?
a)Hnh lap phng co 4 mat S
b) Phng trnh bac nhat mot an co mot nghiem
duy nhat S
Cu 38./ ieu kien xac nh cua phng trnh :
1
0
2 1 2
x x
x x

+
+
la:
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
A. x

1
2
hoac x

-2 C. x

-
1
2
va x

2
B. x

1
2
D. x

1
2
va x

-2
Cau 39: Bat phng trnh nao di ay la bat phng trnh
bac nhat mot an
A. 0x+3>0 B. x
2
+1>0 C .
1
3 1 x +
<0 D.
1
1
4
x
<0
Cau 40: ieu kien xac nh cua phng trnh
3 2
2
1
x x
x x
+
+
+
la:
A. x

-1 hoac x

0 B. x

-1 C. x

1 va x

0
D. x

-1 va x

0
Cau 41: Tap nghiem cua phng trnh (x+
2
3
)(x-
1
2
) = 0 la:
A.
2 1
;
3 2

' ;

B.
1
2

' ;

C.
2 1
;
3 2

' ;

D.
2 1
;
3 2

' ;

Cau 42: Hnh ve sau ay bieu dien tap nghiem cua bat
phong trnh nao?


A. x+1 7 B. x+1 7 C. x+1 <7
D. x+1>7
Cau 43:Cho hnh thang ABCD, canh ben AB va CD keo dai
cat nhau tai M. Biet:
5
3
AM
AB

va BC=2cm. o dai AD la:
A. 8cm C. 6cm B. 5cm D. Mot
ap so khac
Cau 44: Tam giac ABC can A. Canh AB=32cm; BC=24cm.
Ve ng cao BK.o dai oan KC la:
A.9cm B.10cm C.11cm
D.12cm
Cau 45: Cho hnh lap phng ABCDA
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
co dien tch hnh
ch nhat ACC
1
A
1
la 25 2 cm
2
. The tch va dien tch toan phan cua hnh lap
phng la:
A. 125 2 (cm
3
) va 150 (cm
2
) C. 125 (cm
3
)
va120(cm
2
)
Cng n Tp Ton 8
0 6
]////////////////////
//////
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
B. 150 (cm
3
) va125 (cm
2
) D. Cac cau
tren eu sai
Cau 46: Hnh lang tru tam giac eu co mat ben la hnh
g?
A. Tam giac eu B. Hnh vuong
C. Hnh bnh hanh D.Hnh ch nhat
Cau 47 : Phng trnh 2x 2 = x + 5 co nghiem x bang :
A) 7 B) 7/3 C) 3 D) 7
Cau 48 : Cho a + 3 > b + 3 . Khi o :
A) a < b B) 3a + 1 > 3b + 1
C) 3a 4 > - 3b 4 D) 5a + 3 < 5b + 3
Cau49 : ieu kien xac nh cua phng trnh x : (2x 1) +
(x 1) : (2 + x) = 0 la :
A) x 1/2 hoac x -2 ; B) x 1/2 ;
C) x 1/2 va x -2 ; D) x -1/2
Cau 50 : Cho ABC can A , AB = 32cm ; BC = 24cm . Ve
ng cao BK . o dai KC la :
A) 9cm B) 10cm C) 11cm D) 12cm
Cau 51 : Gia tr cua m e phng trnh an x : x 3 = 2m +
4 co nghiem dng la :
A) m < 0 B) m > -7/2 C) m > 0 D) m > 7/2
Cau 52 : The tch hnh chop eu la 126 cm
3
, chieu cao
cua no la 6 cm . Dien tch ay cua
hnh chop tren la :
A) 45 cm
2
B) 52 cm
2
C) 63 cm
2
;
D) 60 cm
2
Cau 53 : Tra li ung () sai (S)

a) Hnh ve tren la bieu dien tap nghiem S = x / x
> 3 ung , sai ?
b) T so hai dien tch cua hai tam giac ong dang
bang lap phng t so ong dang () , (S) ?
Cau 54 : ien vao cho trong co dau
a) Co (1) so nguyen x ma x
2
x < 10 x
b) D ; E ; F lan lt thuoc cac canh BC ; AC ; AB sao cho
D ; E ; F la chan cac ng
phan giac ke t nh A ; B ; C cua ABC th
) 2 .( .......... . .
FB
FA
EA
EC
DC
DB
Cng n Tp Ton 8
(
3
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
Cu 55: Th tch ca mt hnh hp ch nht c ba kch thc 5cm, 6cm,7cm l :
A. 210 cm
3
B. 18 cm
3
C. 47 cm
3
D. 65 cm
3

Cu 56: Di n tich ton ph n cu m t h nh l p phng l 216 cm
2
khi
th tich ca n l:
A. 6 cm
3
B,. 36 cm
3
C. 144 cm
3
D. 216cm
3

Cu 57: Ph ng tr nh
x 1 2 0 + +
c nghim l:
A.x = -3 B.x = 0 C. x = 1 D. v nghim
Cu 58: Bt phng trnh na sau y l bt phng trnh bc nht mt n:
A. 2x
2
+ 4 > 0 B. 0.x + 4 < 0 C. 4 x > 0 D .
x 1
0
x 3
+
>

Cu 59: Hnh lng tr ng tam gic ABC. A B C


c y l ABC vung tI A c
AB = 3 cm; BC = 5 cm; AA = 10 cm. Khi din t ch xung quanh cu n
l..
Cu 60: Mt hnh hp ch nht c ba kch thc 3 cm; 4 cm; 5cm. Khi da
ng cho d ca n l
Cu 61:Kt qu rt gn biu thc
A x 1 3 +
khi x 1 l
Cu 62 Tp nghim cu phng trnh: x ( x 1 ) ( x
2
+ 1 ) = 0 l .
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
.Mt s thi tham kho:
1. s 1:
A. Trc nghim khch quan: ( 2 im)
Cu1: x = -2 l nghim ca phng trnh
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
2. s 2:
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
3. s 3:
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
Cng n Tp Ton 8
Cu
6
Cu
7
Cu
8
Cu
9
Trng THCS L Qu n Bm Sn GV: Nguyn Th Vn
Cng n Tp Ton 8

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