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Gv: Phm S Ho - Nghi Lc IV BI TON V AXITCACBOXYLIC Mt s lu 1.

1. da vo phn ng trung ho axit vi baz xc nh CTPT ca axit R(COOH)n + nNaOH R(COONa)n + nH2O - Nu bit t l s mol axit : nNaOH = 1 : n axit l n chc 2. Nu bi ton cho bit khi lng mui v axit R(COOH)n + nNaOH R(COONa)n + nH2O a gam bgam - c th p dng bo ton khi lng hoc p dng tng gim khi lng (GV lp cho hs) 3. Trong s cc axit cacboxylic, ch c axit HCOOH (axit fomic) cho phn ng trng gng tng t andehit Ptp: HCOOH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 + H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 2H4NO3 + 2Ag 4. Ngoi cc tnh cht ca 1 axit cacboxylic no, cc axit khng no cn cho phn ng cng, oxi ho, trng hp. 5. Xt phn ng gia axit cacboxylic + Mui Na2CO3 2RCOOH + Na2CO3 2RCOONa + NaHCO3 (1) 2RCOONa + CO2 + H2O. (2) 2RCOOH + Na2CO3 Nu bi ton cho axit + Mui cacbonat m khng c kh thot ra th vit ptp 2 6. Bi ton t chy Axit cacboxylic: - Nu nCO2 = nH2O axit no n chc, mch h. : CnH2nO2. - Nu nCO2 > nH2O axit khng no hoc l axit a chc - Nu t chy axit khng no, c 1 lin kt i (CnH2n-2O2) hoc axit no, 2 chc (CnH2n-2O4) th ta c nAxit = nCO2 nH2O. - Nu t chy mui ca axit (vd: CH3COONa) sn phm cho CO2 + H2O + Na2CO3. Bi tp

Bi 1: iu khng ng khi ni v mt axit cacboxylic ng vi CTPT CnH2n-2O2 l trong CTCT: A. C th mch h, 2 lin kt i B. Ch c mt nhm COOH C. C th cha mt vng D. Ch cha mt lin kt i Bi 1.1: Cho 14,8 gam hn hp 2 axit hu c n chc tc dng vi mt lng va Na2CO3 sinh ra 2,24 lt kh CO2 ktc. Khi lng mui thu c l: A. 17,6 B. 19,2 C. 21,2 D. 29,1 Bi 1.2: Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp rn khan c khi lng l: A. 8,64g B. 6,84g C. 4,9g D. 6,8g Bi 2: oxi ho a gam ancol metylic bi CuO nung nng thu c hn hp kh v hi X. Chia X thnh 3 phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 64,8 gam Ag - Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 d sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 ktc - Phn 3: Cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ktc. Hiu sut phn ng oxi ho CH3OH l: A. 50% B. 25% C. 75% D. 100% Bi 3: t chy hon ton 0,44 gam mt axit hu c, sn phm chy c hp th hon ton vo bnh 1 ng P2O5 v bnh 2 ng KOH. Sau th nghim thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,36g v bnh 2 tng 0,88g. CTPT ca axit l: A. C2H4O2 B. C3H6O2 C. C5H10O2 D. C4H8O2 Bi 3.1: t chy hon ton 13,2 gam mt axit hu c A, sn phm sau phn ng c hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th thu c 50g kt ta v khi lng bnh tng ln 29,2 gam. Mt khc trung ho 0,15 mol A th cn va 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Vit CTCT ca A bit A c cu to mch thng. Bi 3.2: X l mt axit hu c n chc. t chy 0,1 mol X cn 6,72 lt O2 ktc. X c tn gi l: Chuyn axit cacboxylic

Gv: Phm S Ho - Nghi Lc IV A. Axit axetic B. axit propionic C. axit butiric D. axit acrylic Bi 4: Hn hp X gm 2 axit no A1 v A2. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol X thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 ktc. trung ho 0,3 mol X cn 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, CTCT ca 2 axit l: A. CH3COOH ; C2H5COOH B. HCOOH; C2H5COOH C. HCOOH; HOOC-COOH D. CH3COOH ; HOOC-CH2-COOH Bi 4.1: t chy hon ton 7,3 gam mt axit no, a chc thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,25 mol nc. Xc nh CTCT ca axit trn, bit axit c mach cacbon khng phn nhnh. A. HOOC CH2-COOH B. HOOC-[CH2]2-COOH C. HOOC-[CH2]3-COOH D. HOOC-[CH2]4-COOH Bi 5: Axit hu c X tho mn iu kin sau. A gam X tc dng vi NaHCO3 d thu c V lt kh CO2. t chy hon ton a gam X thu c V lt kh CO2 cng k. X l: A. oxalic v adipic B. fomic v oxalic C. axetic v stearic D. fomic v axetic Bi 6: Cho 29,8 gam hn hp 2 axit a chc tc dng va ht vi 2 lt dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,1M v Ca(OH)2 0,1M. Khi lng mui khan thu c l A. 31g . 52,6g C. 46,2g D. 41,8g Bi 6.1: Cho 1,16 gam axit hu c X tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Bit MX < 150. X c CTCT thu gn l: A. CH2(COOH)2 B. C2H2(COOH)2 C. (COO)2 D. CH3COOH Bi 7: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp gm andehit fomic; axit axetic; Glucoz (C6H12O6); axit lactic (C3H6O3). Sn phm chy thu c hp th hon toanf vvo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 40g kt ta. Gi tr ca m l: A. 14,1 B. 12 c. 12,4 D. Khng xc nh hng dn: Gp chung CnH2nOn m = mC + mH + mO Bi 8: Cho a gam hn hp lng gm axit axetic v phenol tc dng ht vi 9,2 gam Na thu c cht rn X v 3,36 lt kh H2 ktc. phn ng hon ton vi X cn ti thiu V ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l: A. 200 B. 500 C. 800 D. 600 Bi 9: (TSC A 2010) Cho 16,4 gam hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip nhau phn ng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M v KOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y, thu c 31,1 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc ca 2 axit trong X l: A. C2H4O2 v C3H4O2 B. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2 C. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2 D. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2. Hng dn: p dng bo ton khi lng ta c: m hn hp axit + m hn hp kim (m NaOH + m KOH) = m mui + m H2O m H2O n H2O s mol hn hp axit. Bi 10: (TSC A 2010) Axit cacboxylic X c cng thc n gin nht l C3H5O2. Khi cho 100 ml dung dch axit X nng 0,1M phn ng ht vi dung dch NaHCO3 (d), thu c V ml kh CO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 448. B. 224. C. 112. D. 336 Bi 10.1: Cho 11,84 gam mt axit hu c n chc tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dug dch sau phn ng thu c 15,36 gam mui khan. Vy tn ca Axit l: A. Axit axetic B. Axit propionic C. Axit acrylic D. Axit fomic Bi 10.2: Hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic no, n chc ng ng k tip nhau. Cho a gam X tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 2M, phn ng xong coo cn dung dch thu c 15 gam hn hp 2 mui hu c khan. Tm CTCT ca 2 axit. Bi 10.3: 0,1 mol mt axit n chc tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M c dung dch mi. C cn dung dch mi c 13,4 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc ca axit l: A. axit propionic B. axit metacrylic C. axit acrylic D. axit axetic Chuyn axit cacboxylic

Gv: Phm S Ho - Nghi Lc IV Bi 11: Hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit fomic v axit acrylic. trung ho m gam X cn 450 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c 19,04 lt kh CO2 ktc v 12,6 gam H2O. Khi lng ca Axit acrylic trong m gam hn hp X l: A. 10,8g B. 7,2g C. 14,4g D. 3,6g Bi 11.1: (TSH B 2010)Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ha m gam X cn 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c 15,232 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l A. 0,015. B. 0,010. C. 0,020. D. 0,005. Gii: Ta c: axit panmitic, axit stearic no n chc nn khi chy to nH2O = nCO2 cn axit linoleic khng no c 2 lin kt i trong gc HC v n chc nn khi chy cho: 2naxit = nCO2- nH2O . naxit linoleic = (0,68 0,65)/2 = 0,015 mol. Bi 12: (TSH B 2010) Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic n chc X v Y (MX > MY) c tng khi lng l 8,2 gam. Cho Z tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c dung dch cha 11,5 gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho Z tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X trong Z l A. C3H5COOH v 54,88%. B. C2H3COOH v 43,90%. C. C2H5COOH v 56,10%. D. HCOOH v 45,12%. Hng dn: V axit tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 phi c : HCOOH vi 0,1 mol Tng gim khi lng tng s mol l: 0,15 mol RCOOH = 0,05 mol. lp phng trnh ta c: C2H3COOH. Bi 12.1: Hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic no, n chc A,B. Cho 26,8 gam Xho tan hon ton vo nc ri chia lm 2 phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: Phn ng ht vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 ly d, thu c 21,6 gam Ag kim loi. - Phn 2: Cn ng 100 ml dung dch KOH 2M trung ho. Tm 2 axit. Bi 12.2: Hn hp A gm 1 axit v 2 andehit, c 3 u no, n chc. Ly m gam A tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 c 54g Ag. Dng 2m gam A tc dng vi lng d dung dch Na2CO3 thu c 0,616 lt CO2. Mt khc phi dng 10,472 lt oxi mi t chy ht m gam A. Lng axit sau trng bc c th trung ho c 150 ml dung dch KOH 0,5M. Hy cho bit CTPT, CTCT ca cc cht trong A. Bit cc V kh o 27,30C v p sut 1 atm. H = 100%. Bi 12.3: Hn hp X gm hai axit hu c no, n chc, mch h. Trung ho 8,3 gam X bng dung dch NaOH ri c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 11,6 gam mui khan. Mt khc, nu cho 8,3 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th thu c 21,6 gam bc. Cng thc ca 2 axit l: A. HCOOH; C2H5COOH B. HCOOH; CH3COOH C. C2H5COOH; C3H7COOH D. CH3COOH; C2H5COOH Bi 13: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCOOH v 0,2 mol HCHO tc dng ht vi AgNO3 /NH3 d th khi lng Ag thu c l : A. 108 g B. 10,8 g C. 64,8 g D. 6,48 g Bi 14: Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c n chc tc dng ht vi vi thu c 7,28 gam mui. Cho bit tn axit trn A. Axit axetic B. Axit fomic C. Axit propionic D. Axit acrylic Bi 15: A l mt hn hp cc cht hu c gm mt parafin, mt ru n chc v mt axit hu c n chC.t chy hon m gam hn hp A bng mt lng khng kh va (khng kh gm 20% Oxi v 80% Nit theo th tch.. Cho cc cht sau phn ng chy hp th vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 lng d. C 125,44 lt mt kh tr thot ra (ktC.v khi lng bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 tng thm 73,6 gam. Tr s ca m l: A. 37,76 gam B. Khng d kin tnh C. 25,2 gam D. 28,8 gam Bi 16: Hn hp X gm 1 ru n chc v 1 axit n chc. Chia X thnh 3 phn bng nhau: - Phn I: tc dng vi Na d thy bay ra 5,6 lt H2 (KTC). - Phn II: t chy hon ton thu 26,88 l CO2 (KTC). Chuyn axit cacboxylic

Gv: Phm S Ho - Nghi Lc IV - Phn III: un vi axit sunfuric c thu c 20,4 gam 1 este c t khi so vi nit l 3,64. Xc nh CTPT ca 2 ru axit trong hn hp ban u v khi lng ca chng. S: 2 TH C2H5OH v C2H5COOH; C3H7OH v CH3COOH Bi 17: Hn hp gm hai andehit n chc A v B c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau: - Phn 1 un nng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 th to ra 10,8 gam Ag - Phn 2 oxi ho to thnh hai axit tng ng sau cho 2 axit ny phn ng vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH 0,26M c dung dch A. trung ho lng NaOH d trong dung dch A cn dng ng 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,25M. c cn dung dch A, em t chy cht rn c cn to c 3,52 gam CO2 v 0,9 gam H2O. CTPT ca 2 andehit A v B l: A. HCHO v C2H5CHO B. HCHO v C2H3CHO C. HCHO v CH3CHO D. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO Hng dn So snh s mol 2 andehit vi s mol ca Ag (# 1 : 1) c HCHO. Tnh s mol mi andehit kt hp vi phn ng t chy andehit cn li. Bi 18: Cht X l HO-R-COOH tc dng vi CuO, un nng to ra andehit. 13,5 gam X tc dng vi Na2CO3 to ra 16,8 gam mui v CO2. Tm cu to ca X. A. CH3-CH(OH)-COOH B. CH3-CH(OH)-CH-COOH C. HO-CH2-CH2-COOH D. Khng xc nh Bi 19: Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH2=CH-COOH; CH3COOH v CH2=CH-CHO phn ng va vi dung dch 6,4 gam Brom. Mt khc, trung ho 0,04 mol X cn dng va 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,75M, Khi lng CH2=CH-COOH trong X l: A. 1,44 B. 2,88 C. 0,72 D. 0,56 Bi 20: Hn hp X gm axit hu c Y no, n chc v axit hu c Z hai chc (Y nhiu hn Z mt nguyn t cacbon). Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 0,25 mol H2. t chy hon ton phn 2, sinh ra 0,7 mol CO2. CTCT thu gn v % khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X l A. HOOC-COOH v 70,87% B. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 29,13% C. HOOC-COOH v 55,42% D. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 70,87% hng dn: R-COOH: a mol ; R(COOH)2 : b mol a/2 + b = 0,25 mol 0,25 < a + b < 0,5. Da vo phn ng t chy tnh s nguyn t cacbon trung bnh. 1,4 < x < 2,8 ly C2 v C3

Chuyn axit cacboxylic

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