Baigiang Access TTTH

Trng i Hc Nng Lm Thnh Ph H Ch Minh Trung Tm Tin Hc ng Dng
Bi ging
Microsoft Access
Thnh ph H Ch Minh Thng 2 nm 2007 Lu hnh ni b
Bi ging Microsoft Access
Mc Lc
Phn 1. Bi 1: 1. 2. 3. Bi 2: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bi 3: 1. 2. 3. Bi 4: 2. 3. 4. 5. Bi 5: 1. 2. 3. Bi 6: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Bi 7: 1. 2. Bi 8: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Phn 2. Bi 1: 2. 3. 4. 5. Bi 2: -2TABLE.......................................................................................................................... 4 GII THIU MICROSOFT ACCESS ......................................................................... 4 Khi qut........................................................................................................................... 4 Khi ng Microsoft Access ............................................................................................ 4 Cc i tng bn trong tp tin c s d liu ca access ................................................. 6 TO CU TRC V NHP D LIU CHO TABLE .............................................. 7 To cu trc table.............................................................................................................. 7 Nhp d liu cho table .................................................................................................... 10 Hiu chnh cu trc bng ................................................................................................ 11 Hiu chnh table ch Datasheet view...................................................................... 11 To table bng mt s cch khc .................................................................................... 13 THIT LP QUAN H GIA CC TABLE ........................................................... 15 Khi nim........................................................................................................................ 15 Cc loi mi quan h....................................................................................................... 15 Thit lp quan h............................................................................................................. 16 THAO TC TRN D LIU CA TABLE............................................................. 18 Nhp d liu cho trng d liu kiu OLE Object......................................................... 20 Tm kim mt gi tr ....................................................................................................... 21 Cc dng table nhp, xut, lin kt ................................................................................. 22 In cc record ca table .................................................................................................... 24 TRUY VN D LIU - SELECT QUERY .............................................................. 25 Khi qut......................................................................................................................... 25 To Select query ............................................................................................................. 25 To mt trng tnh tong trong query........................................................................... 27 CC PHP TON V HM S DNG TRONG QUERY .................................... 28 Cc php ton thng thng ........................................................................................... 28 Cc php ton so snh..................................................................................................... 28 Php ton ghp chui ...................................................................................................... 28 Hm IIF() ........................................................................................................................ 28 Cc php ton logic......................................................................................................... 28 Php i snh mu LIKE ................................................................................................ 29 Php ton BETWEEN ... AND....................................................................................... 29 Php ton IN ................................................................................................................... 29 TNG HP D LIU V T THAM S CHO QUERY .................................... 30 Tng hp d liu bng select query................................................................................ 30 t tham s cho query .................................................................................................... 28 MT S QUERY KHC .......................................................................................... 29 Crosstab query ................................................................................................................ 29 Update Query .................................................................................................................. 30 Make-Table Query .......................................................................................................... 30 Append Query................................................................................................................. 31 Delete Query ................................................................................................................... 33 Access Nng Cao ........................................................................................................ 34 CC KHI NIM V THAO TC C BN TRN TABLE V QUERY ........... 34 To mt table .................................................................................................................. 34 To quan h gia cc table.............................................................................................. 36 Khi nim v Query ........................................................................................................ 38 To mt Select Query ..................................................................................................... 38 TO MT FORM THEO HNG DN CA ACCESS (WIZARD FORM)........ 41
Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn
Bi ging Microsoft Access 1. 2. 3. 4. Bi 3: 1. 2. 3. 4. Bi 4: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Bi 5: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bi 6: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Khi nim ........................................................................................................................41 Thit k form bng form wizard .....................................................................................41 Chnh sa cc i tng trn form..................................................................................43 Cc loi form khc ..........................................................................................................44 THIT K MT FORM N GIN KHNG DNG FORM WIZARD...............45 Cch to...........................................................................................................................45 Cc thnh phn ca Form................................................................................................45 To cc trng nhp d liu cho form- Thit k phn Detail .........................................46 Lu tr form....................................................................................................................46 CC CNG C DNG THIT K FORM........................................................47 Cng c Select Objects: ..................................................................................................47 Cng c Control Wizard .................................................................................................47 Cng c Label .................................................................................................................47 Cng c Text Box ...........................................................................................................47 Cng c Combo Box .......................................................................................................47 Cng c List Box ............................................................................................................48 Cng c Command Button..............................................................................................48 Cng c Tab Control .......................................................................................................50 Cng c Sub Form/Sub Report .......................................................................................51 Cng c Option Button ...............................................................................................52 Cng c Check Box ....................................................................................................52 Cng c Toggle Button ...............................................................................................52 Cng c Option Group ................................................................................................53 Cng c Image ............................................................................................................54 Cng c Unbound Object Frame.................................................................................54 Cng c Bound Object Frame.....................................................................................55 TO REPORT THEO HNG DN CA ACCESS (REPORT WIZARD)..........56 Khi nim ........................................................................................................................56 To report wizard ............................................................................................................56 To AutoReport: Columna ..............................................................................................60 To AutoReport:Tabular .................................................................................................60 Chnh sa mt report.......................................................................................................60 THIT K MT REPORT.........................................................................................62 To mt report n gin..................................................................................................62 Cc thnh phn ca mt report n gin.........................................................................62 To cc i tng trn report: Thit k phn Detail .......................................................63 Kt nhm d liu trong report.........................................................................................63 Cng thc tnh ton trong report .....................................................................................65
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Phn 1. TABLE
Bi 1: 1. GII THIU MICROSOFT ACCESS Khi qut
Microsoft Access l mt h qun tr c s d liu quan h (Relational Database Management System) tr gip cho ngI s dng lu tr thng tin d liu bn ngoi vo my tnh di dng cc bng v c th tnh ton, x l trn d liu trong cc bng lu tr. Cc c im ca Microsoft Access - H tr c ch t ng kim tra kha chnh, ph thuc tn ti, min gi tr...ca d liu bn trong cc bng mt cch cht ch. -Trnh thng minh (wizard) cho php ngi s dng c th thit k cc i tng trong Microsoft Access mt cch nhanh chng. - Cng c truy vn bng v d QBE (Query By Example) cho php ngi s dng thc hin cc truy vn m khng cn quan tm n c php ca cc cu lnh trong ngn ng SQL (Structure Query Language) c vit nh th no. -Kiu d liu i tng nhng OLE (Object Linking and Embeding) cho php a vo trong c s d liu ca Access cc ng dng khc trn window nh: vn bng word, bng tnh, hnh nh, m thanh... -D liu c lu trn gi trong mt tp tin duy nht. -ng dng c th c s dng trn mi trng mng my tnh nhiu ngi s dng, c s d liu c bo mt tt. -C kh nng trao i d liu qua li vi cc ng dng khc nh word, Excel, Fox, HTML... -Kt ni trc tip vo h c s d liu Microsoft SQL Server pht trin cc ng dng theo m hnh ch khch (Client/ Server).
2.
Khi ng Microsoft Access
-Khi ng window -Chn menu Start- chn program - chn Microsoft Access hoc khi ng Access t thanh cng c Microsoft Office. -Ca s chng trnh Access nh hnh 1-1 cho php la chn cc hnh ng sau + Blank Access Database: Chn to mi mt tp tin c s d liu + Access Database Wizard, pages and projects: Dng to mi mt tp tin c s d liu Access, cc trang web v cc ng dng kt ni trc tip vo SQL Server da trn s hng dn ca trnh thng minh wizard. +Open an Existing File: Dng m tp tin c s d liu Access c trc .
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Hnh 1-1 - Ta chn Blank Access Database -chn OK to tp tin c s d liu mi. Ta c th chn Cancel ng hp i thoi ny v m c s d liu mi bng cch chn menu File- chn New - chn Database- chn OK. - Lu tr c s d liu nh hnh 1-2 trc khi thc hin cng vic k tip
Hnh 1-2 -Cho tn CSDL - chn Create -Ca s CSDL nh hnh 1-3
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Hnh 1-3
3.
Cc i tng bn trong tp tin c s d liu ca access
Bng (Table): Table l thnh phn c bn nht ca tp tin c s d liu, dng lu tr d liu. Bn trong bng d liu c lu tr thnh nhiu dng (record) v nhiu ct (Field, column hay trng). Truy vn (Query): Cng c ny cho php ngi s dng dng ngn ng truy vn c cu trc SQL hoc cng c truy vn bng v d QBE thc hin cc truy vn rt trch, chn la d liu hoc cp nht d liu trn bng. Biu mu (Form): Cho php xy dng cc ca s mn hnh dng cp nht hoc xem d liu, to ra cc ca s i thoi gia ngi s dng v h thng ng dng. Bo co (Report): Cho php kt xut d liu lu trong table hay query, sp xp li v nh dng thao mt khun dng cho trc v c th xut ra mn hnh hoc my in. Cc trang web d liu (Pages): Cho php to ra cc trang web d liu m trn c cha d liu ng ly t mt c s d liu no . Ngi s dng c th cp nht d liu trc tip vo c s d liu thng qua cc trnh duyt web. Tp lnh (Macro):Cng c ny cho php ngi s dng to ra cc hnh ng n gin nh m biu mu, bo co, thc hin truy vn ... m khng cn phi bit nhiu v ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic. B m lnh (Module): Cho php ngi s dng dng ngn ng Visual Basic xy dng cc hm v th tc ca ring mnh thc hin cc hnh ng phc tp m tp lnh khng thc hin c hoc cho chng trnh chy nhanh hn. 1. Cc thao tc trn tp tin -M mt CSDL mi -M mt CSDL c trn a -ng mt CSDL ang m -Thot chng trnh Access
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Bi 2: 1.
TO CU TRC V NHP D LIU CHO TABLE To cu trc table
-Ct hoc trng: trong mt ct ca table ch cho php cha mt loi d liu. Mi ct c tn ct (field name), kiu d liu m ct lu tr (Data type), chiu di ti a ca d liu c lu tr trn mt ct (Field size), gi tr mc nh (default value)... -Dng hoc mu tin (record) : th hin d liu ca cc ct trong bng. -Kha chnh (primary key): l tp hp mt hoc nhiu ct m d liu trn l duy nht, khng trng lp v khng c php rng trong mt bng. -Kha ngoi (Foreign key): l mt hay nhiu ct v cc ct ny l kha chnh ca mt table khc.
a) Chn Insert Table (hoc Table - Chn New)

Chn Design View nh hnh 2-1
Hnh 2-1
b) Ca s Table Design hnh 2-2

- Mi dng tng ng vi mt trng trong table cn to - Ct Field Name: Tn ct c th di 255 k t, c th c khong trng nhng khng c c du chm. - kiu d liu m ct s lu tr. - Description: Phn gii thch thm cho tn ct, nhng gii thch ny s hin th trn thanh trng thi bn di c s lm vic khi ta m table ch cp nht d liu. - Field Properties: Chn cc thuc tnh cho trng.
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Hnh 2-2
c) Cc kiu d liu ca Access (Datatype)

-Chn kiu thch hp cho d liu cn lu tr trong table c th bao gm Kiu d liu Text Memo Number Data/Time Currency Autonumber Yes/No OLE Object Hyperlink Lookup Wizard ngha lu tr Kiu chui c di ti a 255 k t Kiu chui c di ti a 65535 k t Kiu s Kiu ngy, gi Kiu s c nh dng theo tin t Kiu s lin tc do Access t gn v khng thay i c Kiu logic Kiu i tng nhng: hnh nh, vn bn,... Kiu ng dn ch a ch ca mt h s hay mt trang web: http://www...., d:\tailieu\... To mt ct chn gi tr v tm kim t mt bng khc:
d) Cc thuc tnh chn cho mt trng

-Ty theo kiu d liu m thuc tnh ca mt trng c th bao gm Field Size: Quy nh chiu di ti a ca d liu nhp cho trng vi d liu s hoc chui. Format: nh dng cc th hin ca d liu trn mn hnh hoc ra my in theo bng sau nh dng Date/Time General Date -8 ngha Ngy gi y V d hin th 11/9/03, 10:30:00 AM
Bi ging Microsoft Access Long Date Medium Date Short Date Long Time Medium Time Shot Time Number General number Currency Euro Fixed Th, thng ngy, nm Ngy-thng- nm Ngy-thng-nm Gi: pht: giy AM/PM Gi: pht AM/PM Gi: pht ng s nhp vo C phn cch phn ngn, s l v chn thm n v tin t Ging nh nh dng Currency nhng n v tin t l C phn cch phn ngn v c lm trn ph thuc vo v tr s l Decimal places C phn cch phn ngn, s l D liu nhp c nhn 100 v thm vo k t % Dng s khoa hc Thay i d liu nhp thnh ch hoa Thay i d liu nhp thnh ch thng D liu bt buc nhp D liu khng bt buc nhp Thursday, September 11, 2003 11-Sep-03 11-09-03 10:30:25 AM 10:30 AM 10:30 1.500,05 2.500,50 1.235,00
Standard Percent Scientific Text > < @ &
nhp 0.5 cho ra 50% Nhp 50 cho ra 5.0E+1
Input Mask: Mu nh dng d liu, bt buc ngi s dng khi nhp d liu vo phi tun theo ng mu nh dng . C th bao gm cc k t sau K t ngha cho php nhp 0 K s 0-9, bt buc phi nhp 9 K s 0-9 hoc khong trng L K t A-Z, bt buc phi nhp A K t v k s, bt buc phi nhp ? K t A-Z, khng bt buc nhp d liu A K t v k s, khng bt buc nhp d liu & Bt k k t no hoc khong trng, bt buc nhp d liu C Bt k k t no hoc khong trng, khngbt buc nhp d liu > Chuyn i d liu kiu chui sang ch hoa < Chuyn i d liu kiu chui sang ch thng Caption: Chui tiu ctth hin khi m table ch cp nht d liu. Nu khng c caption th tn trng s hin th tieu ct. Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn -9-
Bi ging Microsoft Access Default Value: Gi tr mc nh ban u ca ct Decimal places: S ch s thp phn trong d liu kiu s thc Validation Rule: Quy tc kim tra d liu nhp (cc rng buc gi tr ca mt trng, nhiu trng). Validation Text: Chui thng bo li s hin th khi nhp d liu vo bng sai so vi quy tc kim tra. Required: Chn Yes: bt buc nhp d liu vo field ny. Chn No: khng bt buc nhp d liu vo field nay Allow Zero Length: Chn Yes: cho php chiu di chui l khng. Indexed: Chn No: khng lp ch mc Chn Yes, Duplicate OK: lp ch mc v cho php trung gi tr Chn Yes, No Duplicate: lp ch mc v khng cho php trng gi tr
e) Chn kha cho table

-Sau khi to cu trc table ta phi chn kha chnh cho n, kha chnh gip to quan h gia cc bng vi nhau v ng thi cho Access t ng kim tra d liu nhp vo. - ch Design view thit k cu trc bng ta chn mt hoc nhiu ct lm kha chnh. -Chn menu Edit- chn Primary key (hoc chn cng c Primary key) 1.1. Lu cu trc table -Chn cng c Save hoc chn menu File- chn Save
Hnh 2-3 -Trong hnh 2-3, cho tn table cn lu. -Ch : Nu ta cha chn kha chnh cho table thi khi lu table ta s thy hp i thoi nh hnh 2-4
Hnh 2-4 -Chn Yes: Access s chn thm vo table mt ct lm kho chnh l ID c kiu d liu l AutoNumber.
2.
Nhp d liu cho table
-T ca s Design View- Chn cng c View hoc chn menu View - chn DataSheet View Hoc - 10 - Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn
Bi ging Microsoft Access -T ca s CSDL (Database window) -Chn table cn cp nht d liu- Chn Open. Ta s chuyn sang lm vic ch cp nht d liu gi l Datasheet view nh hnh 2-5
Hnh 2-5 -Chn menu Format- chn Font: Chn font ch cho d liu nhp -Chn menu File- Chn Save: lu d liu ca table
3.
Hiu chnh cu trc bng
-Trong ca s Database- chn table cn sa i cu trc -chn Design Hoc -Trong ch Datasheet - chn cng c View hay chn menu View- chn Design View chuyn sang ca s thit k cu trc table. Chn mt hoc nhiu trng Sa i thuc tnh ca mt trng Xa mt trng: Chn trng cn xa- chn menu Edit- chn Delete Row Thm mt trng mi: Chn menu Insert- chn Rows Thay i v tr cc ct trong table -Sau khi thay i cu trc phi chn menu File- chn Save lu cu trc mi
4.
Hiu chnh table ch Datasheet view

Chn Font ch cho d liu: chn menu Format- chn Font iu chnh rng ct: Chn menu Format- chn Column width
Hnh 2-6 iu chnh cao hng: Chn menu Format- chn Row Height
Hnh 2-7 Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn - 11 -
Bi ging Microsoft Access Thm mt record -t con tr dng cui -Nhp d liu cho record mi -Nu mun hy b record ang nhp- nh phm ESC (2 ln) hoc chn menu Edit- chn Undo Current record Sa d liu ca mt record - Bm nt tri mouse vo v tr d liu cn sa (hoc dng phm mi tn di chuyn con tr n cn sa d liu- nh F2) - Sa i d liu Xa mt record -Chn record cn xa -nh phm Delete hoc chn menu Edit- Chn Delete record Hin th bng d liu con: Chc nng ny cho php c th lng ghp cc bng d liu c quan h vi nhau khi hin th d liu, ngha l khi ang hin th d liu ca bng cha, ta c th xem chi tit d liu bn bng con. -M table ch Design view -Chn View- chn Properties - chn cc thuc tnh trong hnh 2-8
Hnh 2-8 Thuc tnh Subdatasheet Name Link Child Fields Link Master Fields Subdatasheet Height Subdatasheet Expanded -V d nh hnh 2-9 ngha Chn bng con mun lng vo bng cha hin hnh Chn trng lin kt trong bng con Chn trng lin kt trong bng cha Cho chiu cao khi hin th bng d liu con C th t ng m rng hin th d liu bng con
- 12 - Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn
Hnh 2-9 Nhp d liu cho trng kha ngoi -Thng thng nu ct ca bng l kha ngoi, c th tra cu nhanh d liu khi nhp v trnh li (li d liu phi tn ti) khi nhp d liu th nn chn dng th hin ca ct kha ngoi ny l mt hp ko xung. -Trong ca s Design table - chn trng cn nh thuc tnh- chn Lookupchn cc thuc tnh nh hnh 2-10
Hnh 2-10
5.
To table bng mt s cch khc a) To bng Datasheet View

-Trong hnh 2-1 -chn Datasheet View: Access s cho mt mu table gm 10 ct v 21 dng nh hnh 2-11
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Hnh 2-11 -Chn mt Field- chn menu Format- chn Rename Column hoc bm nt phi mouse- chn Rename Column i tn trng.
b) To table bng table wizard

Trong hnh 2-1- chn Table wizard: Access s hng dn to table theo mu c sn: Mailing list, Contract, Customer...Mi mu c nhiu trng Firstname, Lastname, Address...
Bi 3: 1.
THIT LP QUAN H GIA CC TABLE Khi nim

Mt table c th khng c mi quan h vi table khc Table A c quan h vi table B nu d liu trn table A c th b sung cho thng tin trn table B. Do vic thit lp quan h gia cc table s gip cho Access qun l d liu hp l hn ng thi thng qua cc mi quan h chng ta c th trao i d liu qua li gia cc bng. V d: Hnh 3-1 table SINHVIEN
bit thng tin v khoa c makh=TH ta m table KHOA
Hnh 3-1 Ta ni table KHOA c quan h vi table SINHVIEN trong -Table KHOA l table chnh -Table SINHVIEN l table quan h -MAKH l trng quan h
2.
Cc loi mi quan h
C hai loi quan h
a) Quan h mt-mt (One To One)

Table A c quan h 1-1 vi table B nu mt gi tr trn trng quan h ca table A ch c th xut hin mt ln trn trng quan h ca table B. V d: Mt gio vin ch ch nhim mt lp v mi lp ch c mt gio vin ch nhim. 1 1 GV CH NHIM LP HC
b) Quan h mt nhiu (One To Many)

Table A c quan h mt- nhiu vi table B nu mt gi tr trn trng quan h ca table A c th xut hin nhiu ln trn trng quan h ca table B. V d: Mt khoa c nhiu sinh vin ang hc Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn - 15 -
Bi ging Microsoft Access n 1
SINH VIN
KHOA
-Trong thc t c th tn ti mt mi quan h l nhiu-nhiu (Many To Many), tuy nhin khi trin khai vo m hnh c s d liu quan h th ta phi tch thnh hai mi quan h mt- nhiu.
3.
Thit lp quan h
Bc 1: Chn cc bng quan h - M ca s quan h: Chn menu Tools - chn Relationships nh hnh 3-2
Hnh 3-2 -Chn table/query cn t quan h- chn Add -Chn Close Bc 2:Thit lp quan h
Hnh 3-3 -Trong hnh 3-3 nhn gi nt tri mouse trng cn t quan h trong table chnh di chuyn n trng cn t quan h trong table quan h ta c nh hnh 3-4 - 16 - Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn
Hnh 3-4 -Chn Enforce referential Entegrity: xc nh qui tc rng buc ton vn d liu. -Cascade Update Related Fields: T ng cp nht cc ct quan h. Khi chn mc ny, nu thay i gi tr trn trng quan h ca table chnh th Access s t ng thay i cc gi tr trn trng quan h trong table quan h. -Cascade Delete Related Records: T ng xa cc mu tin quan h. Nu c chn mc ny th khi xa mt record trn table chnh th cc record tng ng vi n trn table quan h s b xa theo. -Chn Create -Chn menu File- chn Save: lu quan h -Chn menu File- chn Close: ng ca s quan h Ch :Thay i quan h -Trong ca s quan h- chn quan h cn sa i: bm i nt tri mouse tr li hnh 3-4 v thit lp li quan h. -Chn quan h cn xa- nh phm Delete: xa mt quan h -Trong hnh 3-4 c th chn Join Type: ch nh cch quan h gia hai table nh hnh 3-5.
Hnh 3-5
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Bi 4:
THAO TC TRN D LIU CA TABLE

1. Sp xp d liu trn table
a) Kha sp xp l mt trng
-Chn trng cn sp xp -Chn cng c Sort Asscending trn thanh cng c: sp xp tng -Chn cng c Sort Descending trn thanh cng c: sp xp gim Hoc -Chn menu Records - chn Sort - Chn Sort Accending: sp xp tng - Chn Sort Descending: sp xp gim
b) Kho sp xp l nhiu trng

-Chn cc trng cn sp xp: Chn menu Records - Chn Filter- Chn Advanced Filter/ Sort nh hnh 4-1
Hnh 4-1 - Dng Field: ln lt chn tn cc trng cn sp xp theo u tin gim dn. - Dng Sort: Chn Ascending: Sp xp tng Chn Descending: sp xp gim -Chn cng c Apply Filter hoc chn menu Records -chn Apply Filter/Sort thc hin sp xp. 2. Lc d liu trong table
c)
Cc bc chung khi lc d liu
-M bng ch cp nht d liu (datasheet view) -Chn menu Records- chn Filter- Chn mt trong cc chc nng lc d liu nh hnh 4-2
Hnh 4-2 -Khi cn hin th li tt c cc mu tin th ta phi xa b lc d liu: chn menu Records- chn Remove Filter/Sort. - 18 - Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn
d)
Lc theo biu mu (Filter By Form)
L c ch cho php lc cc dng d liu vi php so snh bng (=) v php ton logic And V d hnh 4-3
Hnh 4-3
e)
Lc theo cc gi tr nh du (Filter By Selection)
L c ch cho php lc cc dng d liu ng vi gi tr m ta nh du trn ca s cp nht d liu ca table. V d hnh 4-4
Hnh 4-4
f) Lc ly phn khc vi gi tr nh du (Filter Excluding Selection)

L c ch lc cc dng d liu khc vi gi tr nh du trn table ch cp nht d liu. V d hnh 4-5
Hnh 4-5
g) Lc theo cch khc (Advanced Filter/Sort)

L c ch cho php lc d liu v sp xp theo cch ring ty ca ngi s dng. -Chn menu Records- Chn Filter -chn Advanced Filter/Sort nh hnh 4-6
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Hnh 4-6 -Field: Chn cc trng lm iu kin lc hoc cc trng cn sp xp d liu -Sort: Chn sp xp cc record tha iu kin lc theo th t tng dn, gim dn -Criteria v Or: Cho iu kin lc d liu. iu kin ny c th l: + Mt gi tr s +Mt gi tr chui +Mt gi tr ngy thng +Mt chui bao gm cc k t thay th
2.
Nhp d liu cho trng d liu kiu OLE Object

-t con tr trng cn nhp d liu kiu OLE Object -Chn menu Insert - chn Object nh hnh 4-7
Hnh 4-7 -Chn Create New v chn mt trnh ng dng v: ta s to mt hnh v a vo table di dng Object. -Chn Create from File: a mt tp tin hnh nh c sn vo table nh hnh 4-8.
Hnh 4-8
3.
Tm kim mt gi tr
-Chn menu Edit - chn Find nh hnh 4-9
Hnh 4-9 -Find what: Cho chui cn tm -Match: La chn cch tm kim +Any part of Field: Tm chui bt k c th l mt phn gi tr ca mt trng. +Whole Field: Gi tr cn tm bng gi tr ca mt trng +Start of Field: Gi tr cn tm bt u mt field. -Search: La chn vng tm kim +Up: Tm t v tr con tr n record u tin +Down: Tm t v tr con tr n record cui cng +All: Tm trn tt c cc record ca table -Match Case: Phn bit ch hoa v ch thng khi tm kim -Chn Find Next thc hin tm kim. 3. Sao chp, xa, i tn table Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn - 21 -
a)
Sao chp table

-Trong ca s database chn table cn sao chp -Chn menu Edit- chn Copy -Chn menu Edit- Chn Paste nh hnh 4-10
Hnh 4-10 +Table name: Cho tn table mi +Structure Only: Ch sao chp cu trc table +Structure and Data: Sao chp cu trc v d liu trong table +Append data to Existing table: Chp d liu vo table c cu trc.
b) i tn table
-Trong ca s database chn table cn i tn -Chn menu Edit - chn Rename -Cho tn table mi
c) Xa table
-Trong ca s database chn table cn xa -nh phm Delete hoc chn menu Edit- chn Delete
4.
Cc dng table nhp, xut, lin kt

Nhp d liu (import): L vic sao chp d liu ca mt ng dng bn ngoi vo tp tin c s d liu ca Access di dng cc bng, cc ng dng ny c th l Foxpro, Oracle, Excel, ...hoc cng c th sao chp cc i tng ca mt tp tin c s d liu khc ca Access. -Chn menu File- Chn Get External Data- chn Import...
Hoc -Trong ca s database- chn Table- chn New- chn Import Table
Hnh 4-11 -Trong hnh 4-11 chn tp tin d liu ngun To bng lin kt: L s lin kt gia cc bng trong cc tp tin c s d liu Access vi cc tp tin d liu ca nhng ng dng khc. Vi hnh thc ny cc bng ca Access ch c cp nht d liu m khng th thay i c cu trc, vic thay i cu trc phi c thc hin trn bng d liu ngun. -Chn menu File - chn Get External Data - chn Link Table Hoc -Trong ca s database- chn Table- chn New- chn Link Table -Tip theo ta chn tp tin d liu ngun cn to lin kt nh trong hnh 4-11 Thao tc xut d liu (Export): Cho php xut cc i tng ca tp tin c s d liu ca Access hin hnh ra bn ngoi thnh mt dng d liu cho cc ng dng khc Word, Excel,...hoc cng c th ra mt i tng trong tp tin c s d liu Access khc. -Trong ca s database- chn table cn xut d liu -Chn menu File - chn Export nh hnh 4-12
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Hnh 4-12 +Save as type: chn dng d liu cn xut ra +File name: Cho tn tp tin d liu cn to.
5.
In cc record ca table
-M table cn in d liu -Chn menu File -chn Print.
Bi 5: 1.
TRUY VN D LIU - SELECT QUERY Khi qut
-Query l cng c khai thc v x l s liu ca Microsoft Access, c th p ng cc yu cu v tra cu s liu c lu trong cc bng ca c s d liu. -Dng query thng s dnh nht l select query (bng truy vn la chn) dng chn la hoc rt trch d liu trn mt s ct ca mt hoc nhiu bng theo mt iu kin no . C th to ra cc ct tnh ton t d liu lu trong cc bng, nhm d liu trn cc bng... -Ngoi ra cn c cc loi query khc: query to bng (make-table query), query cp nht d liu (Update query)... -Access cho php s dng hai cch to bng truy vn l: Dng trc tip ngn ng truy vn c cu trc (SQL) v dng cng c truy vn bng v d (QBE).
2.
To Select query a) Dng cng c (QBE)

-Chn menu Insert -chn Query Hoc -Trong ca s database- chn Queries -Chn New nh hnh 5-1
Hnh 5-1 Chn Design View- chn OK nh hnh 5-2
Hnh 5-2 Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn - 25 -
Bi ging Microsoft Access -Trong hnh 5-2 ta chn cc bng tham gia truy vn v chn Add -Chn Close kt thc vic chn bng -Ca s Design query nh hnh 5-3
Hnh 5-3 +Field: Chn tn cc trng cn to query (chn d liu) +Table: Cho bit trng to query table no +Sort: Chn sp xp d liu cho cc trng +Show: Hin th hoc khng hin th mt trng trong query +Criteria v Or: Cho iu kin chn d liu to query -Chn cng c View hay cng c Run trn thanh cng c hoc chn menu Viewchn Datasheet View xem kt qu ca query. -Chn menu File- chn Save lu query -Chn menu File- chn Close ng query
b)
Dng cu lnh SQL

-C php cu lnh SQL SELECT [tnh cht] [table].field1,[table].field2... [AS alias1, alias2...] FROM table1, table2... WHERE <iu kin> GROUP BY <Trng nhm d liu> HAVING <Trng lc d liu> ORDER BY <Trng cn sp xp>[DESC]; -Tnh cht: c th l ALL, DISTINCT, DISTINCT ROW, TOP <n> +ALL: chn tt c cc dng trong bng +DISTINCT: chn nhng loi b cc ct trng lp thng tin +DISTINCT ROW: chn nhng c loi b cc dng trng lp thng tin +TOP<n>: chn n dng u tin trong bng. -[Tabble].field: tn mt ct thuc trong mt bng mun ly d liu. -Alias: Tn tt -thng dng cho mt bng c tn di qu. -FROM: Cc bng cn chn d liu -WHERE: iu kin chn d liu -GROUP BY: Chn trng nhm d liu -HAVING: Chn trng lm diu kin lc d liu sau khi nhm -ORDER BY: Chn trng sp xp d liu, mc nhin l sp xp tng dn.
3.
To mt trng tnh tong trong query a) C php:

Tn trng: Biu thc tnh ton Tn trng cn tnh khng c trng vi tn trng trong cc table/query tham gia to query mi.
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Bi 6: 1.
CC PHP TON V HM S DNG TRONG QUERY Cc php ton thng thng

K hiu + * / ^ \ MOD Tn Cng Tr Nhn Chia Ly tha Chia nguyn Chia d C php A+B A-B A*B A/B A^B A\B A MOD B V d
10^3 =1000 10\3 =3 10 MOD 3 =1
2.
Cc php ton so snh

K hiu = > < >= <= <> ngha Bng Ln hn Nh hn Ln hn hoc bng Nh hn hoc bng Khc
3.
Php ton ghp chui

3.1. C php <Chui 1> & <Chui 2> ngha Dng ghp <Chui 2> vo <Chui 1>
4. a)
Hm IIF() C php
IIF(<BT logic>, <Biu thc>, <Biu thc 2>) Trong <BT logic> l biu thc ch cho kt qu ng hoc sai
b)
ngha
Nu <BT logic> ng th cho kt qu l <Biu thc 1> Nu <BT logiv> sai th cho kt qu l <Biu thc 2>
5. a)
Cc php ton logic Php NOT

C php: NOT A Trong A l mt biu thc logic ngha: Nu A ng th NOT A l sai v ngc li
b)
Php AND
C php: A AND B Trong A v B l nhng biu thc logic ngha: Cho kt qu ng nu A v B ng, ngc li th cho kt qu sai
c)
Php OR
C php: A OR B Trong A v B l nhng biu thc logic ngha: Cho kt qu ng nu c t nht A hay B v cho kt qu sai nu c A v B u sai.
6.
Php i snh mu LIKE a) C php

LIKE <Mu d liu>
b) ngha
So snh d liu vi mu d liu ca Like, nu chui d liu tha mu d liu th cho kt qu ng, ngc li th cho kt qu sai.
7. a) b)
Php ton BETWEEN ... AND C php

BETWEEN <Gi tr 1> AND <Gi tr 2>
ngha
Cho kt qu ng nu gi tr em so snh nm trong gii hn <Gi tr 1> v <Gi tr 2>, ngc li cho kt qu l sai.
8. a) b)
Php ton IN C php

IN (<Gi tr 1>, <Gi tr 2>, , <Gi tr N>)
ngha
Cho kt qu ng nu gi tr cn so snh bng mt trong cc <Gi tr 1>, <Gi tr 2>, , <Gi tr N>, ngc li th cho kt qu sai.
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Bi 7: 1.
TNG HP D LIU V T THAM S CHO QUERY Tng hp d liu bng select query a) Chc nng
Gp cc record ging nhau theo mt gi tr no thnh mt nhm v tnh tng, m s record, tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht...trong nhm.
b) Thc hin lnh Total

Trong ca s Design View thit k query Bc 1: Chn biu tng (Total) trn Query Design Toolbar hoc chn menu View- chn Total s cho dng Total di dng table nh hnh 7-1
Hnh 7-1 Bc 2: Chn gi tr trn dng Total cho ct cn gom nhm d liu Group by: Gp cc dng c gi tr ging nhau trn ct thnh mt nhm Sum: Tnh tng cc gi tr trn ct ca nhm Avg: Tnh gi tr trung bnh ca cc gi tr trn ct ca nhm Max: Tm gi tr ln nht trong cc gi tr trn ct ca nhm Min: Tm gi tr nh nht trong cc gi tr trn ct ca nhm Count: ms record trongnhm m ti ct c gi tr First: Tm gi tr u tin trong cc gi tr trn ct ca nhm Last: Tm gi tr cui cng trong cc gi tr trn ct ca nhm Expression: Cho bit ct l biu thc tnh ton Where: Cho bit ct l biu thc iu kin dng lc d liu trc khi tnh ton v khng hin ni dungkhi xem kt qu.
c) V d:
T table HOADON cho bit mi khch hng t bao nhiu ha n nh hnh 7-2. Kt qu nh hnh 7-3
Hnh 7-3 Hnh 7-2
- 27 -
2.
t tham s cho query a) ngha:
Dng truy vn d liu theo nhiu cch khc nhau m khng cn phi chnh sa query c sn hay to nhiu query khc.
b) Thc hin
-Trn dng Criteria ca ct lm iu kin truy vn d liu, nhp vo mt chui k t thng bo trong du mc vung theo c php [Chui thng bo] -Chui thng bo ny s xut hin trong hp i thoi Enter Parameter Value khi thi hnh query nh hnh 7-4
Hnh 74 -Ngi s dng s nhp gi tr cn lm iu kin truy vn d liu vo hp thoi ny xem kt qu truy vn.
Bi ging Microsoft Access - Phn 2
29
Bi 8: 1.
MT S QUERY KHC Crosstab query a) ngha
To query tng hp s liu kt nhm theo hng v ct t s liu ca cc table hay query khc.
b) Cch to
-Chn Queries- Chn New- Chn Design View -Chn OK -Chn table/query cn to query mi -Chn menu Query- Chn Crosstab Query Ca s design Crosstab Query nh hnh 8.1
Hnh 8-1 + Dng Field: Chn tn trng cn to query, trng lm iu kin chn d liu, tn trng cn tnh ton v biu thc tnh ton. +Dng Total: Chn php ton cho trng cn tng hp s liu Sum, Max, Min, Avg, Count, First, Last +Dng Crosstab: Chn Row heading cho trng lm tiu hng Chn Column heading cho trng lm tiu ct Chn Value cho trng c gi tr cn tng hp. +Dng Sort: Chn cch sp xp d liu cho cc trng +Dng Criteria v Or: Cho iu kin chn record cn tng hp s liu. -Chn cng c Run hoc chn menu Query- chn Run xem kt qu -Chn menu File- chn Save: lu query
29
2.
Update Query a) ngha

Sa i s liu trong table/query theo mt iu kin cho trc
b) Cch to
-Chn Queries- Chn New- Chn Design View- Chn OK -Chn table/query cn thay i d liu -Chn menu Query- Chn Update query Ca s design Update Query nh hnh 8-2
Hnh 8-2 +Dng Field: Chn trng cn thay i d liu hoc trng lm iu kin thay i d liu. +Dng Update To: Cho gi tr cn thay i vo table/query +Dng Criteria v Or: Cho iu kin chn record cn thay i d liu -Chn cng c Run hoc chn menu Query-chn Run: thc hin thay i d liu -Chn menu File- chn Save: lu query
3.
Make-Table Query a) ngha

To mt table mi vi d liu c ly t table hay query khc
b) Cch to
-Chn menu Queries- Chn New- Chn Design View- Chn OK -Chn table/query cn ly d liu to table mi -Chn menu Query- Chn Make-Table query. Ta c hp i thoi nh hnh 8-3
31
Hnh 8-3 +Table name: Cho tn table cn to +Chn Current Database: Nu table mi cn t trong c s d liu hin hnh +Chn Another Database: Nu table mi cn t trong c s d liu khc. Lc File name: Cho tn c s d liu cn to table -Ca s design Make-Table Query nh hnh 8-4
Hnh 8-4 +Dng Field: Chn cc trng cn to table, trng lm iu kin chn d liu, trng cn tnh ton v cng thc tnh ton. +Dng Sort: Chn cch sp xp d liu +Dng Show: Chn hin th hoc khng hin th cc trng trong table +Dng Criteria v Or: Cho iu kin chn record to table -Chn cng c Run hoc chn menu Query- chn Run thc hin query -Chn menu File-Chn Save: lu query
4.
Append Query a) ngha
Thm vo table/query mt s record mi c ly t cc table/query khc theo mt iu kin chn trc.
31
b) Cch to
-Chn Query- Chn New- Chn Design View-Chn OK -Chn table/query cn to append query (d liu ngun) -Chn menu Query-Chn Append Query. Ta c khung hp i thoi nh hnh 8-5
Hnh 8-5 +Table name: Chn tn table cn thm d liu +Chn Current Database: nu table cn append d liu ang trong liu hin hnh. +Chn Another Database: nu table cn append d liu ang trong liu khc. Lc Filename: Cho tn c s d liu cha
c s d
c s d table. -Ca s design Update-Query nh hnh 8-6
Hnh 8-6 +Dng Field: Chn trng d liu cn thm vo table/query (trng d liu ngun) +Dng Sort: Chn cch sp xp cho trng d liu trong table +Dng Append To: Chn trng cn thm d liu (trng d liu ch) +Dng Criteria v Or: Cho iu kin chn record thm vo table/query -Chn cng c Run hoc chn menu Query-chn Run thc hin query -Chn menu File- Chn Save: lu query - 32 - Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn
33
5.
Delete Query a) ngha

Dng xa d liu trong table/query theo mt iu kin cho trc
b) Cch to
-Chn Query- Chn New- Chn Design View-Chn OK -Chn table/query cn xa d liu -Chn menu Query- Chn Delete Query -Ca s design Delete Query nh hnh 8-7
Hnh 8-7 +Dng Field: Chn trng lm iu kin xa d liu +Dng Delete: Chn Where +Dng Criteria v Or: Cho iu kin chn cc record cn xa -Chn cng c Run hoc chn menu Query- chn Run thc hin query -Chn menu File- chn Save: lu query
33
Phn 2. Access Nng Cao

Bi 1: QUERY CC KHI NIM V THAO TC C BN TRN TABLE V a) 1. Cc khi nim
C s d liu ca access c 7 thnh phn Bng (Table): Table l thnh phn c bn nht ca tp tin c s d liu, dng lu tr d liu. Bn trong bng d liu c lu tr thnh nhiu dng (record) v nhiu ct (Field, column hay trng). Truy vn (Query): Cng c ny cho php ngi s dng dng ngn ng truy vn c cu trc SQL hoc cng c truy vn bng v d QBE thc hin cc truy vn rt trch, chn la d liu hoc cp nht d liu trn bng. Biu mu (Form): Cho php xy dng cc ca s mn hnh dng cp nht hoc xem d liu, to ra cc ca s i thoi gia ngi s dng v h thng ng dng. Bo co (Report): Cho php kt xut d liu lu trong table hay query, sp xp li v nh dng thao mt khun dng cho trc v c th xut ra mn hnh hoc my in. Cc trang web d liu (Pages): Cho php to ra cc trang web d liu m trn c cha d liu ng ly t mt c s d liu no . Ngi s dng c th cp nht d liu trc tip vo c s d liu thng qua cc trnh duyt web. Tp lnh (Macro):Cng c ny cho php ngi s dng to ra cc hnh ng n gin nh m biu mu, bo co, thc hin truy vn ... m khng cn phi bit nhiu v ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic. B m lnh (Module): Cho php ngi s dng dng ngn ng Visual Basic xy dng cc hm v th tc ca ring mnh thc hin cc hnh ng phc tp m tp lnh khng thc hin c hoc cho chng trnh chy nhanh hn.
2.
To mt table a) To cu trc table
-Trong Database window- Chn Tables- Chn New. Ta chn Design View trong hnh 1-1.
35
Hnh 1-1 -Ca s design View thit k cu trc table nh hnh 1-2
Hnh 1-2 +Fieldname: Cho tn cc trng trong table +Data type: Chn kiu d liu cho trng +Description: Cho din gii cho trng +Field Properties: Chn cc thuc tnh cho mt trng
35
b) Chn kha (Primary Key) cho table

-Chn mt hoc nhiu trng cn lm kha ca table -Chn cng c Primary Key hoc chn menu Edit- Chn Primary Key Lu tr cu trc table -Chn menu File- Chn Save: Cho tn table - Chn OK ng cu trc table -Chn menu File- Chn Close Nhp d liu cho table -Trong Database window - chn table cn nhp d liu- chn Open, ca s datasheet nh hnh 1-3
Hnh 1-3 -Chn menu Format- chn Font: nh font ch cho d liu nhp -Nhp d liu cho table
3.
To quan h gia cc table a) Khi nim quan h
Table A c quan h vi table B nu d liu trn table A c th b sung thm cho thng tin trn table B.
b) Cc loi quan h
-Quan h mt -mt: Table A c quan h mt-mt vi table B nu mt gi tr trn trng quan h ca table A ch c th xut hin mt ln trn trng quan h ca table B. -Quan h mt-nhiu: Table A c quan h mt-nhiu vi table B nu mt gi tr trn trng quan h ca table A c th xut hin nhiu ln trn trng quan h ca table B.
c) Thit lp quan h gia cc table

-Chn menu Tools - chn Relationships -Chn table cn thit lp quan h- chn Add trong hnh 1-4
37
Hnh 1-4 -Chn Close. Ta s thit lp quan h gia cc table trong ca s Relationships nh hnh 1-5
Hnh 1-5 -Nhn gi nt tri mouse trn trng quan h ca table chnh di chuyn mouse n trng quan h trn table quan h, ta la chn cch thit lp quan h gia hai table ny nh trong hp i thoi hnh 1-6
37
Hnh 1-6 +Chn Enforce Referential Integrity: xc nhn tnh rng buc tham chiu ton vn d liu. + Chn Cascade Update Related Fields: nu field quan h trn table chnh thay i th field quan h trn table quan h s thay i theo. +Chn Cascade Delete Relate Records: nu xa mt record trn table chnh th cc record tng ng vi ntrn table quan h s b xa theo. -Chn Create: to quan h
4.
Khi nim v Query
-Query l cng c khai thc v x l s liu ca Access, c th p ng cc yu cu v tra cu s liu ca cc table trong c s d liu. -Dng query thng c s dng nht l Select query (bng truy vn la chn). C th tham kho s liu t nhiu table, query khc nhau v thc hin phn tch hiu chnh s liu trong cc table, query. -Ngoi Select query cn c cc loi query c tc dng c bit khc nh l: +Make-Table query: query to bng +Update query: query cp nht d liu +Delete query: query xa d liu
5.
To mt Select Query
-Trong Database window- chn Queries- chn New. Trong hnh 1-7 ta chn chc nng Design View- chn OK
39
Hnh 1-7 -Chn table/query cn to query mi trong hp i thoi Show table nh hnh 1-8
Hnh 1-8 +Chn Table: To query mi t cc table trong c s d liu +Chn Query: To query mi t cc query trong c s d liu +Chn Both: To query mi t cc table v query trong c s d liu -Chn Close. Ta s thit k query bng ca s Design Select query (cn gi l ca s QBE: Query By Example) nh hnh 1-9
39
Hnh 1-9 -Trong ca s ny ta c cc la chn sau +Dng Field: Chn tn cc trng cn to query +Dng Table: Cho bit trng c chn to query table no +Dng Sort: Chn sp xp d liu cho cc trng +Dng Show: Chn hin th hoc khng hin th mt trng trong query +Dng Criteria v Or: Cho iu kin chn d liu to query -Chn cng c View- hay cng c Run trn thanh cng c, hoc chn menu View- chn DataSheet View xem kt qu ca query -Chn menu File- chn Save: lu query -Chn menu File- chn Close: ng query *To mt trng tnh ton trong query <Tn trng cn tnh>: <Biu thc tnh> -Tn trng cn tnh khng c trng vi tn trng trong table/query tham gia to query mi.
41
Bi 2: FORM) 1.
TO MT FORM THEO HNG DN CA ACCESS (WIZARD Khi nim
Form (mu biu) l cng c to cc mu nhp xut, trnh by s liu theo ngi s dng mong mun.
2.
Thit k form bng form wizard

Trong Database window - chn Forms- chn New -Chn table/qery cn to form -Chn Form Wizard - chn OK trong hp i thoi hnh 2-1
Hnh 2-1 Chn trng cn to form
Hnh 2-2 +Trong Available Fields: Chn trng cn to form Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn 41
Bi ging Microsoft Access + Chn Next chuyn sang bc k tip Chn cch trnh by ca form trong hnh 2-3
Hnh 2-3 +Chn mt trong bn cch trnh by form: Columnar, Tabular, Datasheet hoc Justified. +Chn Next chuyn sang bc k tip Chn kiu form trong hnh 2-4
Hnh 2-4 + Chn Style (kiu) form + Chn Next chuyn sang bc k tip - 42 - Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn
43
Chn tiu v lu tr form -Trong hp i thoi hnh 2-5 cho tiu (tn) form
-Chn Finish
3.
Chnh sa cc i tng trn form
-T ca s form View - Chn cng c View hoc chn menu View - chn Design View, hoc -Trong Database window- chn form cn chnh sa - chn Design Ca s Design form nh hnh 2-6
43
Bi ging Microsoft Access Hnh 2-6 +Chn i tng cn chnh sa: Label Box, Text Box + Bm i nt tri hoc bm nt phi mouse - chn Properties hoc chn menu View - chn Properties. Ta c bng Properties cho php xc nh cc thuc tnh ca i tng nh hnh 2-7
Hnh 2-7 +Chn lp cc thuc tnh cn sa i: Format, Data, Event, Other hoc chn All: hin th tt c cc thuc tnh. +Chn thuc tnh cn sa i: Font name, Font size, Font weight, Fore color sa i thuc tnh. -Chn File - chn Save: Lu cc sa i -Chn cng c View- hoc chn menu View- chn Form View: xem form
4.
Cc loi form khc
-Auto Form: Columnar: Access s t to form sp xp cc field theo th t cc ct t tri qua phi (nu mt ct khng trnh by cc field trn ca s mn hnh). Dng ny ca ca s form ch hin th mt mu tin, trong ga tr ca tt c cc field (trong d liu ngun) ca mu tin c hin th y trn form. -AutoForm: Tabular : Access s t to form dng bng -AutoForm:Datasheet : Access s to form c cch trnh by tng t table -Chart Wizard: To form dng th
45
Bi 3: WIZARD 1.
THIT K MT FORM N GIN KHNG DNG FORM Cch to

-Trong Database Window - chn Forms - Chn New
Hnh 3-1 -Trong hnh 3-1 chn table/query cn to form -Chn Design View- chn OK
2.
Cc thnh phn ca Form

-Ca s Design Form y bao gm cc thnh phn nh trong hnh 3-2
Hnh 3-2 Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn 45
-Form Header: Tiu u form, ch xut hin mt ln u trang u tin trn form -Form Footer: Tiu cui form, xut hin cui trang cui cng trn form +Chn menu View- Chn Form Header/Footer: tt m tiu form -Page Header: Tiu u mi trang trn form -Page Footer: Tiu cui mi trang trn form +Chn menu View-Chn Page Header/Footer: tt hay m tiu trang -Detail: Phn chi tit trn form bao gm cc i tng trang tr, nhp d liu cho table, i tng iu khin
3.
To cc trng nhp d liu cho form- Thit k phn Detail
-Trong ca s Design View thit k form, chn menu View- Chn Fieldlist nh trong hnh 3-3
Hnh 3-3 -Chn tn trng trong Fieldlist, nhn gi nt tri v di chuyn mouse vo vng Detail. -Chn i tng trong vng Detail, nh cc thuc tnh cn thit -Chn menu View- chn Form View hoc chn cng c View hin th form
4.
Lu tr form
-Chn menu File-Chn Save +Formname: Cho tn form- chn OK
47
Bi 4:
CC CNG C DNG THIT K FORM
Trong ca s Design View thit k form- chn menu View- Chn Toolbox tt/m thanh cng c to form
1.
Cng c Select Objects:
Cho php chn cc i tng
2.
Cng c Control Wizard

-Nu chn cng c ny th s to cc i tng theo hng dn ca Access -Nu khng chn cng c ny, ngi s dng s t thit k cc i tng
3.
Cng c Label
3.1. Tc dng: To i tng dng nhn, thng c dng trong phn tiu form, tiu trang , trang tr. 3.2. S dng -Chn cng c Label -V mt khung v tr cn to nhn -Nhp ni dung ty -Chn Label box v nh cc thuc tnh
4.
Cng c Text Box
Tc dng: To i tng l tn ca mt trng nhp d liu, cng thc cn tnh ton S dng -Chn cng c Text Box -V khung Text Box -Chn Text Box, nh cc thuc tnh + Control source: Chn trng nhp d liu cho Text Box hoc cho cng thc cn tnh ton.
5.
Cng c Combo Box
Tc dng: To i tng chn d liu t mt danh sch, t mt table hay query khc. S dng -Chn cng c Combo Box -V Combo Box -Chn i tng Combo Box, nh cc thuc tnh sau +Row Source Type: Chn Table/Query +Row Source: Chn tn table hay query cha d liu +Column Count: Cho s ct ca Combo Box Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn 47
Bi ging Microsoft Access +Column heads: Chn Yes: cc ct ca Combo Box c tiu Chn No: cc ct ca Combo Box khng c tiu +Control Source: Chn trng cn nhp d liu +Column Width: Cho rng cc ct trong Combo Box +List Width: Cho rng ca danh sch khi chn Combo Box
6.
Cng c List Box
Tc dng: Tng t nh Combo Box ngha l to i tng chn d liu t table hay mt query khc S dng -Chn cng c List Box -V List Box -Chn List Box v nh cc thuc tnh +Row Source Type: Chn Table/Query +Row Source: Chn tn table cha d liu ngun +Control source: Chn tn trng cn nhp d liu +Column Count: Chn s ct ca List Box +Column heads: Chn Yes: Ct ca List Box c tiu Chn No: Ct ca List Box khng c tiu +Column Width: Cho rng cc ct trong List Box
7.
Cng c Command Button
Tc dng: To mt nt lnh v khi ta chn nt lnh th s thc hin mt cng vic nh trc To Command Button -Chn cng c Command Button -V nt lnh -Chn nt lnh v nh cc thuc tnh +Name: Cho tn nt lnh +Caption: Cho nhn ca nt lnh. Nu c k t & trc mt k t th k t ny s l phm chn tt ca nt lnh. V d: Caption: &Add th khi hin th trn nt lnh s l Add +nh cc thuc tnh: ln, fontname, fontsize, fontcolor Gn mt hnh ng cho nt lnh -Chn nt lnh cn gn hnh ng-Bm nt phi-Chn Build Event
Bi ging Microsoft Access - Phn 2 Hnh 4-1 -Chn Macro Builder-chn OK
49
Hnh 4-2 -Cho tn Macro ty - Chn OK. Ta c ca s thit k macro nh hnh 4-3
Hnh 4-3 +Ct Action: Chn hnh ng cn gn cho nt lnh +Comment: Cho cc gii thch thm cho Action nu cn +Action Arguments: Chn cc tham s cho Action Mt s Action n gin Action: Close : Dng ng mt i tng Action Arguments: -Object Type: Chn i tng cn ng -Object Name: Tn i tng cn ng -Save: Chn Yes: lu i tng khi ng Chn No: Khng lu i tng khi ng Chn Prompt: Thng bo hi lu i tng hay khng. Action: OpenForm: M mt form Action Arguments: -Form name: Chn tn form cn m -View: Nu chn Form: m form ch form view Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn 49
Bi ging Microsoft Access Nu chn Design: m form ch design view Nu chn Print Preview: m form ch xem khi in Action: GotoRecord: Chuyn con tr n mt record Action Arguments: -Object Type: Chn i tng cha cc record: table, form -Object name: Chn tn i tng ang tc ng -Record: Nu chn Previous: chuyn n record trc Nu chn Next: chuyn n record k tip Nu chn First: chuyn n record u tin Nu chn Last: Chuyn n record cui cng Nu chn New: Chuyn n dng cui cng ca table nhp d liu cho record mi. Action: Quit: Thot khi Access Action Arguments: -Option: Chn Save All: Lu cc thay i khi thot Chn Exit: Khng lu cc thay i Chn Prompt: Thng bo hi lu i tng hay khng. Mt s thuc tnh c bn ca form - nh thuc tnh ca form th phi chuyn sang ch Design View -Trong ca s Design View: Chn Form-bm nt phi-Chn properties Hoc chn Form-chn menu View-Chn Properties -nh cc thuc tnh cn thit cho form Default View Scroll Bar Record Selector Navigation Button Auto Center Control Box Max, Min Button Close Button Border Style
8.
Cng c Tab Control

Tc dng:To i tng c nhiu lp trn form Cch to -Trong ca s Design form, chn cng c Tab Control -V khung Tab Control, mc nhin Tab Control c hai lp nh hnh 4-4
51
Hnh 4-4 -Chn i tng Tab Control - bm nt phi- Chn Insert Page: Thm mt trang. (Hoc chn menu Insert- chn Tab Control Page) -Chn Page cn xa- nh phm Delete: Xa mt trang -Chn trang cn nh thuc tnh, nh cc thuc tnh. +Caption: Cho tn ca trang -Dng cc cng c khc thit k cc chi tit trn tng trang
9.
Cng c Sub Form/Sub Report
Tc dng: To i tng l mt Form/Report cha trong mt Form/Report khc. V d nh hnh 4-5 ta c sub form HOADON cha trong main form l SANPHAM
Hnh 4-5 Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn 51
Bi ging Microsoft Access Cch to - To v hon chnh sub form v main form ring bit - M main form ch Design View -Chn cng c Subform/Subreport -V khung sub form trong vng Detail ca main form -Chn khung sub form- nh cc thuc tnh sau +Source Object: Chn tn ca sub form +Link Child Field: Chn tn trng quan h trn sub form +Link Master Field: Chn tn trng quan h trn main form
10.
Cng c Option Button

Tc dng: Dng cho trng d liu kiu Yes/No Chn : Yes Khng chn : No Cch to -Chn cng c Option Button -V Option Button -Chn Option Button, nh cc thuc tnh +Control source: Chn trng d liu ngun cho Option Button +Default Value: Chn gi tr mc nh cho Option Button
11.
Cng c Check Box

Tc dng: Dng cho trng d liu kiu Yes/No Chn : Yes Khng chn : No Cch to -Chn cng c Check Box -V khung Check Box -Chn Check Box, nh cc thuc tnh +Control source: Chn trng d d liu cho Check Box +Default Value: Chn gi tr mc nh cho Check Box
12.
Cng c Toggle Button
Tc dng: Dng cho trng d liu Yes/No, tng t nh Check Box v Option Button. Cch to -Chn cng c Toggle Button -V Toggle Button -Chn Toggle Button, nh cc thuc tnh +Control Source: Chn trng d liu ngun cho Toggle Button +Default Value: Chn gi tr mc nhin ca Toggle Button +Caption: Cho nhn ca Toggle Button Hoc +Picture: Gn hnh nh cho Toggle Button - 52 - Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn
53
13.
Cng c Option Group
Tc dng: L mt loi hnh iu khin bao gm mt khung, bn trong cha mt nhm i tng cng loi: Check Box, Option Button, Toggle Button. Mi i tng ny cho php th hin mt thao tc trn form. Cch to -Chn cng c Option Group -V khung Option Group -Chn khung Label ca Group, nh cc thuc tnh: Font name, Font size, -Chn Option Group, nh thuc tnh +Name: Cho tn Group -Chn cng c Option Button, Check Box hoc Toggle Button to cc i tng bn trong Group. -nh cc thuc tnh ca cc i tng bn trong Group +Label: Cho nhn ca i tng +Option Value: Cho gi tr ca tng mc chn (mc nhin s l 1, 2) Gn hnh ng cho mi mc chn -Chn khung Option Group- Bm nt phi- chn Build Event
Hnh 4-6 -Chn Macro Builder-Chn OK -Cho tn macro-Chn OK -Trong ca s chn Action cho group- Chn menu View-Chn Condition
Hnh 4-7 -Trn mi dng ca ct Condition s c vit [Name ca Option group]=Option Value ca mc chn - Ct Action: Chn hnh ng tng ng vi mc chn -Action Arguments: Chn cc tham s tng ng cho mi Action (tng t nh to Command Button) Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn 53
14.
Cng c Image
Tc dng: a mt hnh nh c sn vo form Cch to -Chn cng c Image -V khung
Hnh 4-8 -Chn hnh cn a vo form- Chn OK -nh cc thuc tnh ca hnh nh
15.
Cng c Unbound Object Frame
Tc dng: Chn mt hnh nh c hoc v mt hnh ty t mt trnh ng dng v bt k a vo form Cch to -Chn cng c Unbound Object Frame -V khung
55
Hnh 4-9 -Chn Create New, chn mt trnh ng dng v v mt hnhbt k -Chn Create from File: chn mt tp tin hnh nh c sn a vo form
16.
Cng c Bound Object Frame
16.1. Tc dng: Cha d liu ca trng d liu kiu OLE Object 16. 2. Cch to -Chn cng c Bound Object Frame -V khung Bound Object Frame -nh cc thuc tnh +Control source: Chn trng d liu kiu OLE Object (Hoc khi ta chn mt trng d liu kiu OLE Object t FieldList v di chuyn vo vng Detail ca Form Design th cng to thnh mt Bound Object Frame) Cng c Line: V mt on thng trn form Cng c Rectangle: V mt khung ch nht Cng c Page Break: To ngt trn form (Dng khi cn in n) Cng c More Control: To cc i tng iu khin khc trn form
55
Bi 5: TO REPORT THEO HNG DN CA ACCESS (REPORT WIZARD) 1. Khi nim

L cng c to v in n cc bo co t s liu ca table/query
2. a)
To report wizard Trong ca s database - chn Report - chn New
Hnh 5-1 -Chn table/query cn to report -Chn Report wizard -chn OK
b)
Chn cc trng cn to report
Hnh 5-2 - 56 - Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn
Bi ging Microsoft Access - Phn 2 -Chn trng cn to report -Chn Next
57
c) Chn cch to nhm s liu trong report
Hnh 5-3 -Chn trng phn nhm s liu -Chn Next
d) Chn trng sp xp s liu trong report
Hnh 5-4 -Chn trng cn sp xp s liu trong report v chn cch sp xp
57
Bi ging Microsoft Access -Co th chn sp xp theo mt trng, hai, ba hoc bn trng theo th t u tin gim dn, nu khng chn trng sp xp no th d liu s sp xp theo th t nh trong table/query. -Chn Next
e) Chn cch trnh by report
Hnh 5-5 -Layout: Chn cch trnh by report -Orientation: Chn hng trang in report -Chn Next
59
f) Chn kiu nn cho report
Hnh 5-6 -Chn kiu nn cho report -Chn Next
g) Cho tiu ca report
Hnh 5-7 -Cho tiu ca report -Chn Finish
59
3.
ngun
To AutoReport: Columna
-Dng to mt report dng ct bao gm tt c cc trng ca table/query -Trong ca s Database - chn Report- chn New +Chn table/query cn to report +Chn AutoReport: Columna +Chn OK -Chn menu File-chn Save: Cho tn Report-Chn OK: Lu report
Hnh 5-8
4.
To AutoReport:Tabular
-Dng to mt report dng bng bao gm tt c cc trng ca table/query ngun -Trong ca s Database- chn Report- chn New -Chn table/query cn to report -Chn AutoReport:Tabular -Chn OK
5.
Chnh sa mt report
-Trong ca s Database - chn Reports cn chnh sa- Chn Design -Chn cng c View hay chn menu View- chn Design View -Ca s Design View chnh sa v thit k report nh hnh 5-9
Hnh 5-9
61
-Chn i tng cn chnh sa- bm nt phi mouse - Chn Properties (Hoc chn menu View- chn Properties) -Chnh sa thuc tnh ca cc i tng (tng t nh chnh sa thuc tnh ca cc i tng trn form) -Chn cng c View (Hoc chn menu View-chn Layout View): xem report -Chn menu File- Chn Save: Lu report
61
Bi 6: 1.
THIT K MT REPORT To mt report n gin

-Trong ca s Database- chn Report- Chn New
Hnh 6-1 -Chn table/query cn to report -Chn Design View- Chn OK
2.
Cc thnh phn ca mt report n gin

-Ca s Design ca mt report nh hnh 6-2
Hnh 6-2
63
+Chn menu View- Chn Page Header/Footer: tt m tiu trang ca mt report. +Chn menu View-Chn Report Header/Footer tt m tiu ca report. -Report Header: Tiu u ca report, ch xut hin mt ln u trang u tin ca report, c th l tn ca report, tn cng ty, ngy thng to bo co -Page Header: Tiu u ca mi trang report, thng thng l cc tiu ca cc ct s liu trong bo co. -Detail: Phn chi tit ca report, th hin d liu ca cc record ngun trong bo co. -Page Footer: Tiu chn mi trang ca report, v d nh l s trang, tng s trang -Report Footer: Tiu chn ca report, xut hin cui report, c th l s liu tng kt ca cc ct s liu, tn ngi lp bo co, ngy thng to bo co
3.
To cc i tng trn report: Thit k phn Detail

-Trong ca s Design View- Chn FieldList nh hnh 6-3 Hnh 6-3 -Chn tn trng d liu trong FieldList, di chuyn n vng
Detail -Chn i tng trong vng Detail v nh cc thuc tnh cn thit -Chn cng c View (hoc chn menu View- Chn Layout View, thit k report)
4.
Kt nhm d liu trong report
- to nhm d liu trong report, trong ca s Design View thit k reportchn menu View- Chn Sorting and Grouping, ca s chn sp xp v phn nhm d liu nh hnh 6-4
63
Hnh 6-4 + Field/Expression: Chn tn trng hay biu thc lm ch tiu kt nhm d liu. + Sort Order: Chn cch sp xp d liu +Group Properties: Qui nh cc thuc tnh ca nhm * Group Header: Chn Yes/No: Cho n/hin tiu u ca mi nhm. * Group Footer: Chn Yes/No: Cho n/ hin tiu chn ca mi nhm. * Group On: Qui nh phng thc lp nhm Nu chn Each Value: Mi gi tr ca trng s lp mt nhm v Group Interval: chn 1 Nu chn Prefix Character: Cn c vo cc k t u ca d liu trn trng ny lm ch tiu phn nhm v Group Interval: chn s k t u phn nhm + Keep Together: *Chn No: In theo ch mc nhin *Chn Whole Group: Ngt trang khi ht nhm *Chn With first detail: In tieu ca nhm v dng d liu u tin ca nhm trong cng mt trang. -ng khung i thoi hnh 6-4, ta c ca s Design mt report c phn nhm nh hnh 6-5. Trong Makh c chn lm ch tiu phn nhm
65
Hnh 6-5 -Chn cng c View (hoc chn menu View- chn Layout View) xem report
5.
Cng thc tnh ton trong report
-Tt c cng thc tnh ton trong report u c t trong Text Box, cng thc bt u bng du bng = -Cch 1: +V Text Box v tr cn t cng thc tnh +t con tr trong Text Box, nhp vo cng thc cn tnh -Cch 2: +V Text Box v tr cn t cng thc +Chn Text Box, nh thuc tnh Control source: Cho cng thc cn tnh Hoc chn du Builder nh hnh 6-6
Chn Hnh 6-6 Ta c khung i thoi Expression Builder nh hnh 6-7
65
Hnh 6-7 +Cho cng thc cn tnh - chn OK

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Trng i Hc Nng Lm Thnh Ph H Ch Minh Trung Tm Tin Hc ng Dng

Thnh ph H Ch Minh Thng 2 nm 2007 Lu hnh ni b

Bi ging Microsoft Access

Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn

Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn

Bi ging Microsoft Access

Khi ng Microsoft Access

Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn

Bi ging Microsoft Access

Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn

Bi ging Microsoft Access

Cc i tng bn trong tp tin c s d liu ca access

Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn

Bi ging Microsoft Access

TO CU TRC V NHP D LIU CHO TABLE To cu trc table

a) Chn Insert Table (hoc Table - Chn New)

b) Ca s Table Design hnh 2-2

Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn

Bi ging Microsoft Access

c) Cc kiu d liu ca Access (Datatype)

d) Cc thuc tnh chn cho mt trng

Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn

Standard Percent Scientific Text > < @ &

nhp 0.5 cho ra 50% Nhp 50 cho ra 5.0E+1

e) Chn kha cho table

Nhp d liu cho table

Hiu chnh cu trc bng

Hiu chnh table ch Datasheet view

Hnh 2-7 Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn - 11 -

- 12 - Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn

Bi ging Microsoft Access

To table bng mt s cch khc a) To bng Datasheet View

Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn

Bi ging Microsoft Access

b) To table bng table wizard

- 14 - Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn

Bi ging Microsoft Access

THIT LP QUAN H GIA CC TABLE Khi nim

bit thng tin v khoa c makh=TH ta m table KHOA

a) Quan h mt-mt (One To One)

b) Quan h mt nhiu (One To Many)

Bi ging Microsoft Access n 1

Bi ging Microsoft Access

Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn

Bi ging Microsoft Access

THAO TC TRN D LIU CA TABLE

b) Kho sp xp l nhiu trng

Cc bc chung khi lc d liu

Bi ging Microsoft Access

Lc theo biu mu (Filter By Form)

Lc theo cc gi tr nh du (Filter By Selection)

f) Lc ly phn khc vi gi tr nh du (Filter Excluding Selection)

g) Lc theo cch khc (Advanced Filter/Sort)

Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn

Bi ging Microsoft Access

Nhp d liu cho trng d liu kiu OLE Object

- 20 - Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn

Bi ging Microsoft Access

Bi ging Microsoft Access

Sao chp table

Cc dng table nhp, xut, lin kt

- 22 - Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn

Bi ging Microsoft Access

Trung Tm Tin Hc H Nng Lm TP.HCM http://aic.hcmuaf.edu.vn